He holds a PhD from the University of Western Ontario. Dr. Hale is coeditor of Borders and Bridges: Canada’s Policies in North America, author of The Politics of Taxation in Canada; Uneasy Partnership: The Politics of Business and Government in Canada; and So Near and Yet So Far: Influencing American Policies towards Canada (forthcoming 2012), and numerous articles on various aspects of Canada-U.S. relations and Canada’s political economy.