He is also a chief investigator on the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Project on Small Allies and Extended Nuclear Deterrence. From August to December 2015, Dr Frühling was the ‘Partner across the globe’ research fellow in the Research Division of the NATO Defense College in Rome, and in 2014–15 Stephan was a member of the Australian Government’s external panel of experts on the 2016 Defence White Paper. He is the author of Defence Planning and Uncertainty (2014), A History of Australian Defence Policy Since 1945 (2009), and co-editor of Australia’s Defence: Towards a New Era? (2014) and Australia’s Nuclear Policy: Reconciling Strategic, Economic and Normative Interests (2015).