Previously, he earned his Ph.D. at the University of Pittsburgh (2014) where his doctoral work received the John T. Williams Dissertation Prize from the Society for Political Methodology. Research interests include spatial econometrics, discrete-choice methods, maximum likelihood, and measurement error, focusing on applications in international relations and comparative politics. His research has appeared in Political Analysis, Political Science Research and Methods, the Journal of Peace Research, and he is under contract with Cambridge University Press for a book on spatial methods (Empirical Analysis of Spatial Interdependence).