His Ph.D. in economics is from the University of California in Berkeley. As an undergraduate, he studied history and political science at the University of Chicago. His recent work reveals the wide range of data available in the archives of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. This evidence includes the Division of Bank Operations St. 6386 series of forms, which report changes in status for all banks operating in the United States during the contraction of the early 1930s and the Federal Reserve’s conclusion about the cause of each bank suspension. His email is garyr@uci.edu.