© PORTRAITS 
i ; . = ö | 8 
RARE AND CURIOUS BIRDS, 
| WITH THEIR . 
| DESCRIPTIONS, 
| 5 FROM THE 
MENAGERY OF OSTERLY PARK, 
| IN THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 
BY W. HAYES, AND FAMILY. 
LONDON :* 
PRINTED BY W. BULMER AND CO. 
; Shakespeare Printing Dffice : 
AND PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY R. FAULDER, 
NEW BOND-STREET. | 
| 1794, 
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THOMAS PENNANT, ESQ. 
ns . | OF 


DOWNING IN FLINTSHIRE, LLD. 
F.R.S. F. S. Nat. Hit. and Antiq. Edinburgh and Perth: 
F. S. Rural Occon. of Odiham; of the Rojal Academies of Sciences 
of Stockholm, Upsal, and Lund, in Sweden: and of Drontheim, 
| an Aq, &c. Sc. Ge. . 


. 


SIR, 
ON considering to whom I might venture to refer 
myself for the patronage of the Work now offered to 
the Public, it will not be a matter of wonder, that a 
person so eminent in the science of Zoology, and 
withal so accessible as Mr. Pennant, should have pre- 
sently occurred to me. 


Without hesitation, I was encouraged to apply to 
you, Sir; and I was not disappointed: with that 
candour which seldom fails to accompany superior 
knowledge, you readily allowed me to prefix your 
most respectable name to my Publication. 
Gratitude and honesty, and that powerful motive, 
self. interest, will concur in exciting me to use my 


„ 


' DEDICATION. 


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utmost endeavours, that the Work may not discredit 

the patronage and support of such persons, as have 
5 been pleased to honour my list of subscribers with 
. their names. . „ 

I feel myself bound, bye every pöulble tie, to exert 
my utmost efforts to render this at least equal, if 
not superior, to any periodical publication of this 
kind. It has hitherto, Sir, merited your attention: 
and I shall have little doubt of its meeting with the 
approbation of my other friends, if it shall be found 
to be executed in such a manner as to deserve a con- 
tinuance of your favour and encouragement. ne 

4 have the honour to be, with the greatest respect, 


Ss your most obliged and | 


grateful humble servant, 


SO 


of” 


Southall, 
Jan. 1.1794. 


WILLIAM HAYES. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


WIEN I first engaged in the Drawings which compose the following 
Work, I had no intention at the moment-of presenting them to the Public 
in the form of a periodical publication; as they were made under the pa- 
tronage of the late Robert Child, Esq. and honoured with a place in his 
library, at Upton in Warwickihire. But having 80 large a family, all 
under my roof, and dependant on my labours, and having only a pre- 
carious en determinable on my decease, I thought it my adispen- 

sable duty to prepare against an event which must happen, and perhaps 
very shortly, by which =_y would not only be deprived of prodection 
but support. . 8 
On this occasion, I had frequent permission to consult iuost respectable 
Crater in my neighbourhood, concerning the best means of Wong my 
family in such a situation as might afford a reasonable hope of procuring, 
by their industry and exertion, a decent subsistence. 
Upon examining some specimens of their juvenile performances, that 
Gentleman was pleased to consider them as convincing proofs of early 
genius, which was worthy of cultivation. It is to his benevolence towards me 


and my family, that I am indebted for the suggestion of the present plan. 
As the greatest care and attention will be observed throughout this Work 


to render the Plates a faithful repr esentation af the Subject, all that will be 


necessary in the descriptive part, will be to point out their respective Cha- 


9 — * 
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ADVERTISEMENT, 


racters and Qualities, and the Countries of which they are Natives; and in 
this respect all necessary information will be obtained from the labours of 
that elegant and enlightened Character, to whom I have the honour and 
happiness of being permitted to dedicate this Work, and whose zeal and 


researches have been productive of such entertainment and improvement 


to the lovers of Natural History. 

| The First Number is now sent forth into the world; it is the joint exer- 
tion of seven of my pupils; and it is their first appeal to the Candour of a 
generous Public. From that Candour they have every thing to hope „and 
to them they cheerfully and most respectfully submit their labours; con- 
vinced that the motive will plead where the execution may have failed. 


But if in this first effort of their talents, there should appear a dawn of 


merit; in some degree deserving the protection of the numerous, respectable, 


and distinguished Characters Who have already honoured this Work with 


their encouragement, it will be my duty to excite to the utmost of my 
power their persevering endeavours, to render this Work worthy the very 


flattering support with which it has been already honoured, and expres- 
sive of our united duty, respect, and gratitude. 


W. HAYES. 


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THE ERNE. 


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Aovita ALBICILLA. Briss. Av. i. 427. 

GRANDE PYGARGUE. Buff. Ois. i. 99, 
WuITE-TAILED EAGLE. Will. Orn. 66« 

Cixexxovs Facts, Brit. Zool. Ard. Zool. ji. 214. 


8 Tacos some authors have ranked this subject among the Vale 
Mr. Pennant has observed, that it can have no claim to that Genus, as 
the head and neck are wholly feathered; whereas the head and neck of the 


Vulture are either quite bare, or only covered with down. The Erne like- 
wise differs from the Eagle, in the want of plumage on the legs, and in the 


colour of the bill, which in the Eagle is a bluish black, but in the Erne a 


pale yellow. This bird is found in all the northern parts of Europe, as 
high as Iceland and Lapmark, in Greenland, Scotland, and the adjacent 


Isles. It is two feet nine inches long, and almost seven feet from wing to 
wing: is the first year wholly dusky; in the second, the cinereous co- 


lour commences, the tail becomes white, and the end of its feathers, for 
some time, tipped with black. If not more vigorous than the Eagle, it is 
at least more bloody and rapacious: it will attack large animals, fish, and 
birds; especially those which dive, it will watch with great attention, and 
pounces on them as they rise. It will venture to make its attack on young 


seals; in this attempt, however, it oſten suffers by fixing on old ones, which 


dive into the water, and drown it. The female is larger and more 
ferocious than the male; they live in pairs, and build their nest in inac- 


cessible rocks. The natives of Greenland use the skin of this bird for 


cloathing. 


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THE KING OF THE VULTURES. 


JJVJJJ% wu oC OD 
Rex VoLTURUM. _ Brass. 'F 470. a 
Rol rs Vaurouns. = Buf. Oi. i i. 169. 


"Tm Clad de Buffon, evi the mozt diligent i inquiry, was 
not able to discover the least indication of this species among the birds of 
Asia and Africa; but it being very common in Mexico, New Spain, and 


the West India Islands, he concludes it to be peculiar to the southern re- 
gion of the New Continent, though not to be met with in the Old. "00 
size it rather exceeds the hen turkey, measuring from bill to tail two ſeet 
| three inches. The head is bare: the neck furnished with a tippet of ash- 
coloured downy feathers, with which it can cover the greatest part of the 
head when at roost. Its general position is rather stooping chan erect; it is 
extremely sensible of cold, so as to be affected on the first appearance of 
frost; and notwithstanding the greatest care and attention, it seldom sur- 
vives the winter of our climate. It is greedy, sullen, deceitful, and rapa- 


cious: will prey on fish, lizards, and even on putrid carcases; its sense of 


smelling 1 is exquisite, and corruption to them hath powerful attractions. 


In some birds of this species, the body is of a reddish white, in others it 


is more inclinable to buff. The bill also varies in colour, being i in some 


wholly red, in others of a bright orange at the extremity, and black in the 
middle: the ſeet and nails also differ, being of straw colour, with the nails 
black: in others the feet and nails are of a dull red: the nails in all are 
short, and very slightly curved. Although this is a most beautiful bird, 
it is neither elegant, noble, nor generous; and Fo the nature of its food, 

it contracts so disgusting a smell, that the Indians, who eat every thing 
without distinction (even the rattle-snake), will not touch this bird. 
The most Honourable the Marquis of Stafford did me the honour of pre- 
senting me with a pair of these birds, for which I embrace this oppor- 


tunity of expressing my grateful acknowledgments. 


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THE CROWNED AFRICAN CRANE. 


. . , 1 Zim: Sat. i i. þ. 233. 1 
L'Ols AU RovAL. . Buff. Orn. v. þ. 511. 
Crowned Heron, . Ff 
CrowNeD AFRICAN CRANE. Edw. i Iv. þ. 192. 


Twins bird was first b into Europe by the Pals in the fifteenth 


century; 1t 1s a native of Africa, particularly on the Coast of Guinea, 
Gambia, the Gold Coast, and as far as Cape Verd; where it is so far do- 
mesticated as frequently to associate and feed with the common poultry. 

I have had frequent opportunities of examining several of these birds in 
this very curious collection: this beautiful subject was presented to Lady 
Ducie by the Countess of Chatham, in the most perfect state of plumage. 
Though less graceful than the Numidian Crane, it is yet more gentle 
and familiar. It is much delighted with being taken notice of, and was a 
constant attendant on those who visited this delightful spot, making the 
tour of the menagery, with slow but measured steps; and always parting 


with the company with much apparent regret, which it expressed by raising 


the head, extending the neck, and making a hoarse unpleasant cry, some- 
what resembling the Crane. 

When erect, it is near four feet high, and measures from wing to wing 
five feet four inches. It runs witli great rapidity; and not only flies very 


well, but is able, like the Crane, to sustain it for a long time together. In 
a state of nature, it frequents the banks of large rivers, and, like the Heron 


tribe, feeds on small fish, worms, and seeds. 

"hs it had the advantage of every n it bore the Severity of 
our climate very well. This was the female; but the drawing being taken 
when the bird was in its most perfect state, it is very little, if at all, inferior 
to the male, either in size or beauty. = 


45 


oa de tt ds 
DES, © OD; 


IE 
IHE NUMIDIAN CRANE. 
Azpra Vo. Lin. Han. i. "Ps 4 234. 2. 


La Grve Dr NuMiDit, i, 
DEMOISELT.E DE NUMIDIE. 


Bris. Orn. v. P. 288. 


Tus is the most ne bird in the Oxterly Collection, and” has received 


the name of Demoiselle, on account of its elegant aka its ans attitudes, 


and affected gestures. | . 


The bill is not so long as the Crane, the. head (except he crown, which 


is pale ash colour) and neck are black, the fore part of the neck is adorned 
with long, soft, narrow- pointed black feathers, which fall over the breast, 


the rest of the body is of a most delicate bluish ash colour, except the tips 
of the greater quills and tail, which are dusky; from behind each eye there 


springs a tuſt of long, soſt white feathers, of the most delicate texture, which 
descend in a graceful manner, and which Hoat with the least motion of the 


wind, | | 
It is gentle and social, apparently much pleased at loin admired, and 
embracing every opportunity of shewing and setting itself off to the great- 


est advantage to those who seem attracted by its beauty; it accompanies 


the visiters in their walk in the most graceful manner imaginable, and puts 


itself into a variety of attitudes, as if it were pr . to entertain the com- 
pany with a dance. | 

It is a native of the tropical parts of Africa, on the coasts of Guinea and 
Tripoli, along the coast of the Mediterranean, and likewise of Egypt. It 


has been in a manner naturalized i in this country. The subject of this 


Plate, with seyrral others, were hatched and reared i in che Oey Me- 


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THE PAINTED PHEASANT, MALE. 


Prasranus Picrus. 5 Lin. Syst. 1. b. 272. 5. 
LX FALSAN DoORE' DE La Ching. Bris. Orn. i. b. 271. 
L TRICOLOR HurrE DE LA CHIxx. Bris. Ois. ii. p. 355. 


Tus subject is very justly ranked in the number of the most beautiful birds 
preserved in this menagery, and in the collections of the curious. It is a na- 
tive of China, where it is called Kin- Ki. In size it is less than the common 
Pheasant (though more elegantly shaped), being two ſect nine inches from 
the point of the bill to the end of the tail. Sn, 

As the greatest attention will be observed ih colouring the Plates of this 
work, in order to give a faithful representation of each subject, I shall not 
in general have occasion to enter into a particular description of the co- 
| lours; but here it will be necessary to assist the pencil. 

The crest is of a most splendid, burnished gold colour, the feathers ap- 
pearing like silk, which it can erect or depress at pleasure; the cheeks are a 
tawny flesh colour, thinly beset with feathers; the back of the neck co- 
vered with long loose plumage of a bright orange, square at the ends, and 
marked with transverse bars of a rich velvet black; these likewise can be 
erected at pleasure, the same as in the domestic cock. In the season of love, 
when he 1s addressing the hen, these feathers form a circle from the 
hind part of the neck to the bill. The feathers from the bottom of the 
neck to the back are of a deep bronzed green, rounded at the ends, and 
marked with a circle of black, and which change their position from side 
to side, according to the attitude of the bird, The coverts of the tail are 
stiff, long, narrow, and of a bright crimson, and are divided on each side 
the tail, as expressed in the Plate. 

This species is now become naturalized to our climate; they are hardy 
birds, and require no other attention in breeding them than what is neces- 


sary for the common Pheasant. 


6 f 2 5 
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THE PAINTED PHEASANT, FEMALE. © 


IxsrEAp of being decorated with the gaudy and splendid tints of the male, 
her plumage is even inferior to the common hen Pheasant, her general co- 
lours being a combination of different shades of brown, rufous, tawny, and 
| dusky white. She is likewise smaller than the male, the tail much shorter, 
and not arched; the legs have no spurs. £ N „ 

. The feathers on the head form a small crest, which 18 1 1 5 
9 5 she is agitated. She wants likewise the long stiff coverts of the tail, 
which so very particularly characterize the cock: yet there have been va- 
rious instances of its transmutation from the dusky colour into the brilliant 
lustre of the male; one in particular preserved in the menagery of the 
Countess of Essex, in the space of six years experienced this transformation, 
and was not to be distinguished from the cock, but from the colour of the 
eyes, and the shortness of the tail. — 

It has been generally understood that this remarkable change of colour, 
whenever it takes place (it being accidental), usually happens to such hens 
as are four or five years old, when they are neglected by the cock; but Mr. 
Latham informs us, that the change of plumage in the female i is not confined 
to the Pheasant alone, but has frequently been observed in domestic poul- 
try, when spurs have also sprouted out on the legs of a hen, she crowed at in- 
tervals like a cock, and continued to lay eggs, and bred for some years al- 

terwards. A Pea hen of Lady Tyntes', after having many broods, assumed 
much of the plumage of the cock, with the fine train feathers of the tail. 


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Cucurvs PrRsA. S. 171, 17. 
Lx Coucou vERD HUPE DE GuINEE. Bris. Orn. iv. 152. 
BB Buff. Otis. vi. 300. 
Tour aco Cucxow. | Lath. i. P. 2. 545. 


Tux subject of this Plate, which is now before me, is nearly of the size of a 


magpie, but its tail being frequently spread, increases its apparent bulk, 
and makes it seem larger than it is in point of fact. It is a native of 
Africa, and very justly claims a place 1 the number of the most 


beautiful birds of this elegant menagery. 


The bill is short and compressed bays the upper mandible rathier- 


arched, but not overhanging the lower. The nostrils are covered with 


feathers reflected from the forehead; the gape is wide, and separated as far 
as under the eye, which is lively and uncommonly brilliant; the Irides. 


hazle brown, encircled with scarlet caruncles. 


The feathers on the crown form a crest, which the bird can raise or 


8 at pleasure. The plumage i is composed of fine soft feathers, or 
rather fibres, of a delicate silky texture. The legs and feet are of a deep 


ash colour; the claws are TP and strong, the toes two forward and two 


behind. 


Edwards is not certain to wha genus this eubject ws but thinks it 


approaches the nearest to the Cuckow. The Count de Buffon cannot con - 


ceive why our Nomenclators range it with the Cuckow, from the common 


character of having two toes before and two behind, a property belonging 
to many other birds. But Brisson and Latham decidedly place it with 


the Cuckow. 


RED-BREASTED LONG-TAILED FINCH. 


EMBERIZA PARADISZEA. Lin. Syst. 1: b. $19, 19 
La Vruvx. Bris. Orn. iii. P. 20. 
La Vr VI A COLLIER D on. Buf. Ois. iv. 5. 155. 
Warp an BUNTING.  Lath. Up. LAS; 


Tax Count de Buffon treats of Hake species of this family, which are ge. 
nerally known by the name of Widow, being a corruption of the word 
Whidah, a kingdom of Africa, on the Coast of Guinea, where they are 
common, as well as at Angola, and have likewize been received from Mo- | 
zambique, a mall island lying on the eastern coast of the same continent. 
They are not confined to Africa only, for they are met with i in ASla, and 

in the Philippine Islands, in the Indian seas. , 
Ihe subject of this Plate is represented 1 in its summer garb, at which 
season it acquires the addition of four feathers, which spring from the rump; 
the two outermost are nearly thirtcen inches in length, broad 1 in the middle, 
narrow at the end; about the middle of these feathers arises a long thread; 
the two middle feathers are four inches long, very broad, and terminate by 
a thread; those feathers are marked with undulated transver se bars, and are 
ofa glossy black. 

This bird moults twice a year; its first moult is in the spring, at . | 
time 1t begins to assume its summer dress, but it is not until June that it has 
recovered its perfect plumage : its second moulting takes place about the 
beginning of November, it then loses the four feathers above the tail, and 
the mourning garb of the widow, and by degrees its plumage becomes a 
mixture of black, brown, tawny, and white, very much resembling the 
Br ambling. The circle of the eye, the bill, and legs experience no variation. 

They are very lively sprightly birds, and have an agreeable note, which 
is supposed to have induced Edwards to class them with the Finches. 


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#3 


GREAT CROWNED INDIAN PIGEON. 


CoLUMBA CORONATA, Lin. Syst. i. P. 282. 

Le FAISAN COURONNE DES IND ES. Bris. Orn. 1. 279. 

GREAT CROWNED PIGEON. | Lath. ii. þ. 2. 620. 
ww. | ; | — . 4 


Tarts subject is nearly the size of a hen Turkey, in consequence of which 
Brisson, not having seen the living bird to form a judgment of its instincts 


and habits, was induced to rank it as a Pheasant, and it was considered as 


such until Edwards had an opportunity of receiving from Governor Loton 
a par ticular history of its character and manners, without which informa- 
tion he never would have conceived that a bird of this magnitude could 

belong to the family of pigeons. : | 

The note of this bird is cooing and plaintive, but considerably louder, 
and more expressive of lowing than Mes than that of the common 
| Pigeon. | 

As the colours of the plumage are exactly given in the Plate, any prolix | 
description would be superfluous. It may perhaps be necessary to observe, 

that the head is ornamented with a beautiful crest, and the feathers which 

compose it vary in their length, those in the front not being more than 
half an inch long, increasing by degrees until they are in length near five 
inches, the webs being of a loose texture as expressed in the Plate. 

These birds are natives of the Molucca Isles, in the Indian seas, under 
the line, and found in great plenty in New Guinea, from whence they were 
taken to the Isle of Banda, where they are called 1 the natives Bululu, 
and by the Dutch, Kroon-Vogel. | 

A pair of these birds were presented to Lady Ducie, and kept for some 
time in the menagery; and it was by her Ladyship's par ticular order that 
this drawing was made, at the time they were in the most perſect plumage. 


10 


SHAFT-TAILED WHIDAH. TE 


FuBrRza Rel. „% "Ls FI 1 11. 

La VEvuvE DE LA COTE D Arien. Bris. Orn. iii. 129. 
LA VevuvE A QUATRE BRINS. Buff. Ois. iv. 158. 

Tux SHAFT-TAILED BUNTING. Lath. 11. e 183. 


_ Tms qubject 3 is the male, and is a native of Abies; it is more rare than the 
broad tailed Whidah, and not 80 large, being about the size of a Iinnet. It 
moults twice, in the same manner as the other, and is here represented 1 in 
its summer dress. 
The bill is red, the Lead Mack: the throat and parts rd the 7 
breast, and lower belly, exhibit a blush or pale red, which becomes deeper 
as it extends behind the neck, which is spotted with black; the lower part of 
the thighs, and coverts under the tail are black, the four middle feathers 
of the tail are near ten inches long, and are simple shalts, being only fea- 
thered about two inches at the ends, the legs are flesh colour. 

In winter this bird loses the long feathers of the tail, its whole plumage 
changes to a mixture of brown, tawny, and grey, and it can hardly be dis- 
tinguished from the linnet. 

The female is brown, and is not decorated with the four long feathers of 
the tail, as the male; she likewise experiences the same moultings, but the 
change 1s less perceptible than 1n the male, from the cause above mentioned, 
In the coure of this work these birds wall be given in their winter dress. 


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[11] 
CURASSO. MALE. 


Cx GLoBIcERA. | Lin. Syst. i. P. 210. 4. 

L Hoco DE CUn Asso. Bris. Orn. i. p. 300. 

un Asso w BInp. E cdw. Glean. ii. P. 295. 
Gronost Cunass0. | Lath. ii. p. ii. P. 695. 


Tux Count de Buffon, under the character of Hocco, has given the several 
species of this family; and his reason for this arrangement is the multitude 
of names applied by the different savages, in their jargon, as well as by 
nomenclators, indiscriminately to birds which have many common cha- 
racters, though distinguished by trifling variations, occasioned by age, 
sex, or climate; a circumstance very naturally to be expected from a 1 na 
which is become domesticated. . 
"The Subject of this Plate is about the size of a Turkey. The bill i 1s 
convex, strong and thick; the base covered with a cere, which on the upper 
| mandible swells into a tubercle, or round hard knob, about the Size of a 
cherry, and of a bright ag from which it has acquired the name of 
Globe Curasso. 5 
Another distinguished character that seems peculiar to this bid: is a 
most beautiful crest, extending from the bill to the back of the head, which 
it can erect or depress at pleasure, formed of narrow tapering feathers, of 
different lengths, some almost three inches long, the points reflected, and 
bent forwards. The head and upper part of the neck is of a rich velvety 
black, the rest of the body (excepting the lower belly, and under coverts of 
the tail, which are white) is black glossed with green, purple, and blue, 
according as it is viewed in different reflections of light, 


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: Cai RUBRA. | bn Spots bs 3 270. 2. 
Lx Hocco vx PEN Bris. Orn, i i. $:365< : 
_  Cnxsrep Gun Asso. Lath. ii. P. 2. 693. 


— 


Tuis is nearly the size of the male, though it varies much in regard to co- 


lour. The bill is shaped like his, except that it wants the yellow protu- 


berance, which is not discernible even in the male until the second year, 
and then varies much in different Subjects, according to their age. 


The head and neck is black, though not so velvety as in the male; and. 


in this subject, the rest of the plumage i is rather a rich chesnut brown, - 


which becomes paler at the lower belly, and under the coverts of the tail. 

These birds are natives of Mexico and Peru. I n their wild state they 
prefer mountainous and retired situations, and perch on the highest trees. 
They are 80 extremely stupid as to be insensible of danger; there having 


been instances where the sportsman has shot several out of the same flock 


without driving them from their situation, and reloaded his piece as often 


as was necessary. 


When domesticated they become docile and sociable; Bo Hh fre · 


quently introduced i into the menageries of the curious, they are very soon, 
notwithstanding the greatest care, injured by the dampness of the ground; 


30 that their toes become mortified, which terminates their existence. 

From this pair several were bred and raised in this menagery, and in 
that number a most beautiful one, which, from the variety and richness of 
its plumage, was termed the Zebra Curasso: and, with other curious spe- 
cimens preserved in this superb collection, \ will be given in the course of 


this publication. 


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[13] 


"Ie 


'PENCILLED CHINESE PHEASANT. MALE. 


PrHASIANUS NYCTHEMERUS. © Lyne Set. i. þ. 272. 6. 
Lx FalsAN NOIR ET BLANC DE LA CHinz. Buf. Ois. ii. p. 359. 
L FAISAN BLANC DE LA CHINE. "Bris. Orn. i. 227. 
PeNciLLeD PHEASANT. 5 Lath. ii. p. 11. 719. 


BLACk AND WHITE CHINESE PHEASANT. Edw. ii. P. 66. 


Tuts bird is considerably larger than the ous and even exceeds in size 
the common, Pheasant. = 

The head is covered with long feathers, which form a crest, and fall 
g backwards, they are, as well as the throat, breast, belly, thighs, and coverts 
under the tail, of a full purplish black. 

The hind part of the neck, the back, the coverts of the wings and ail, 

are white, each feather being marked with black lines, which run parallel 
to the margin of each feather. The two middle feathers of the tail are 
white, the other feathers are pencilled with black lines. - 
The eyes are encircled with a carunculated crimson skin, as in the 
European Pheasant, but rather broader, rises above each eye, and falls on 
each side below the under mandible; this spot enlarges, and becomes par- 
ticularly vivid in the season of love. The legs are red, armed with a 
strong white spur. 

This, like the common e is always wikt 4 restless; and 
though in some degree reclaimed, it is never perfectly domesticated, but on 
every opportunity discovers a vindictive disposition, furiously attacking, 
with its bill and spurs, whoever approaches or enters its pen. 


ru] 


PENCILLED CHINESE PHEASANT. 
FEMALE. 


Tux female is smaller than the male, and differs from him in colour. | 
The bill is horn colour. She has a small tuft of brown feathers, inclining 
' to dull purple, hanging down behind, forming a crest. The eye is yellow, 
and surrounded by a red skin, which is not so broad or 80 splendid as 
that of the male. 
The throat, the breast, the belly, and thighs are pale ke 3 with 
rufous brown, and marked with irregular transverse bars of different Shades 


i 


of rufous. j 
The hind part of hs neck, the hack: the: coverts of the wings and tail, 


are brown tinged with glossy rufous.. The two middle feathers of the tail 
are the same brown, inclining to ruſous; the es dull white tinged with 
brown, and striped with transverse bars of black. The legs the same as the 
male, but without the spur. 
They are natives of China, are now very common with us, breed in our 
menageries, and are perfectly inured to our climate. 
Buffon supposes the White Pheasant to be a native of cold climates, as 
that of Tartary, and having migrated into the northern provinces of China, 
has there found a gieater plenty of ſood, more congenial to its nature, 80 
that it has oO to a large size, and is at length become the Pencilled 


Pheatant. 


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1431 


WAXEN CHATTERER. 


AupELIs GARRUL Us. Lin. Syst. i. p. 299. 
La Jastur DE BohEMER, 's ä 
J | N | CVVT 
BoMBYCELLA BOHEMICA, J | ET 
dein alt, Ray Syn. Av. 85. 


WAXEN CHATTERER. Br. Zool. Arct. Tool. 
| Lath. vol. 8 1 


Al rhovch this subject has been ranked among the British birds, 1 na- 
tive climate has not hitherto been determined; this much is certain, they 
are not stationary, but make their e ursions all over Europe: they are 
found as high as Drontheim, and appear in great numbers during the win- 
ter in all parts of Russia, and are there esteemed good food. 85 

They are not unfrequently seen in France, and in Italy. With us they 
appear in greatest plenty in the northern parts of this island. They have 
been killed in Northumberland, and Vorkshire, as well as at Eltham in 
Kent; and the subject of this Plate, together with the female, was shot at 
Hanwell in Middlesex, Dec. 1783, by Mr. Westbrook, who most kindly 
indulged me with the liberty of making this drawing. The female was 
killed: but the male, being only wounded in the wing soon recovered, and 
became sociable and lively : it gave the preſerence to fresh juniper berries, 

rather than any other food. It was presented to Laa Ducie, and placed 1 in 
the menagery, where it lived some time. 

It is reduced on the Plate, the length being on eight inches; and as 
its colours are there exactly represented, all that 1s necessary to add, 1s that 
which distinguishes this from every other bird, viz. the small horny red 
appendages which terminate the tops of six, seven, and sometimes eight of 
the lesser quill-ieathers, that have the colour and gloss of fine sealing wax, 


WES CLE . K S i 5 x oa eb ALES - Lo) 
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BALTIMORE ORIOLE. | | 


Ox10Lus BarTIMORE. tht. Su! n & ie, 
Lx BALTIMORE. Bris. Orn. ii. p. 109. Buf. 3. P. 231. 
BALTIMORE. Axt. Tool. Peg. p. 302. 
BALTIMORE Ono. | Lath. i 1. 5. 2. 5. 432. 


Ts subject is reduced on the Plate, the length of the species being 
seven inches. They inhabit many parts of America, from Carolina to Ca- 
nada, occupying the northern districts in the summer, and returning 
southward in the winter. ” 
In some places they are, from the brilliancy of their colour, called Fire- 
Birds, and Fire-hang-nests, their nest being formed in the Shape of a pear, 
open at the top, with a hole at the side, through which the young receive 
their food, and discharge their excrements. 

This nest is formed of a soſt downy matter, mixed with wool, woven and 
lied with hair, and generally supported by two small shots, which enter 
the sides of the nest; and it is commonly suspended to the forked branches 
of the tulip, poplar, and hiccory tree, to which it is e with the fila- 
ments of some tough plant; and after being thus phe is en secure 
from depredations of every kind. 

The bill is of a lead colour; the head, the throat, the neck, and the upper 
part of the back is black; the greater coverts black tipped with white; the 
quills black, margined with white; the two middle feathers of the tail are 
likewise black; the rest of the plumage of a most splendid yellow, OO 
ened with orange. 

It receives the name of Baltimore from some e in the distri- 
bution of the colours of its plumage, to the arms of Lord Baltimore, who ob- 


tained the grant of Maryland. 


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[77] 
ALEXAN DRIN E PARRAKEET. 


Parrracus Arzxaxpr. = Lin. Het. i i. 6 141. 
PsrrracaA TorgQuaTA. F;; Bow vol. iv. 5. 323, 
LA GRANDE PERRUCHE A COLLIER p'on 5 
n... | Buf. vol. vi. 1. 5. 141. 
Rive Parrareer — © Edw. vol. þ. 292. 
ALEXANDRINE PARRAKEET:® Lath. vol. i. p. 234. 


Tais species derives its name from having been first noticed during 
Alexander's Indian expedition. It is nearly the size of a dove-house, or 
wild pigeon, and with the tail measures sixteen inches. 

The bill is red, much hooked, the upper mandible moveable (as 3 in all 
the parrot tribe),and covered with a cere, in which the nostrils are placed. 
the tongue large, blunt, rounded, and fleshy; the feet have four toes, two 
of which are turned backwards; but one of these can be brought forwards 


occasionally; it is very flexible, and can perform the part of hands in hold - 
ing any thing, and carrying it to the mouth, also in the act of climbing, 


which this bird does with great facility, using the bill to assist the feet. 
The parrot species is very numerous, they are chiefly confined to the 

tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and America; a few are met with as far 

as North Carolina, and at the Straits of Magellan. Theyare long lived; live 


chiefly in pairs, but at times assemble in vast numbers; breed in hollow 
trees, without constructing any nest; and though they lay but two or three 


(white) eggs at each brood, yet the vast multitude of parrots in the coun- 
tries which they inhabit, proves b to a certainty that they must breed several 


times annually. 


This species inhabits the southern parts of * the aides isles, and 
Ceylon. 


[18] 
- | MINOR GRAKLE. „„ 


Gaacura Rx1a01084. = - tid 5 i i. P. 164, 
Ls Mainate. _ eie , o, l. p. 305. 
LI MAINATE Des Urs On1ENTALES. Bu. Ois. iii. p. 416. 
Lrsszx Minor, on Mino. A 

Mivon Gras. ; - x fart 2. P. 455. 


Tars subject is about the size of a blackbird , the length ten inches, 
The feathers on each side point into the bill as far as the nostrils; on the 
g top of the head they are short, like cut velvet, except just in the middle to 
the hind head, where they resemble other birds. = 

On each side of the head is a membrane, i in form of a axevcens, commen- | 
ceing beneath each eye, and extending to the hinder part of the neck; this 
membrane is loose at the edge, and irregular in its breadth, of a bright yel- 
low, which suffers a change of colour according to the different seasons, and 
the various passions by which these birds are actuated, either by anger, or 
by pleasure. 

The whole obs 1s black, but more i on the upper part of © 
body; the throat, the wings, and the tail, which are beautifally glossed 
with blue, green, and purple, as exhibited to the view in different lights. 
The legs and feet are strong, inclining to an orange colour, the claws light 
brown. 

They are very D's and lively birds, have” great lente for whistling, 


singing, and speaking; and excel even the parrot for the distinctness of 
their pronunciation. 


They are found in several parts of the Fast 1 in the I of Hainan, 
and in almost every island beyond the Ganges. At Java they are com- 
mon, and are sold there to the Chinese at ther rate of hve Shillings each, for 
the purpose of keeping them in cages. | 


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FaAr.co SERPENTARIUS. Ss. Nat. col. Gmel. 250. 
SecreTaRY VULTURE Lath. Syn. i. 20. 17. * 
SaciTTARIUs. '. *' Poomaer-Monogr:t.s. * 
JJ .j%  ' Some. Foy. 87. 6.50. 
SLAANGEN-VRAATER., Sparm Voy. 1. 154. 
Taxis very singular bird, although a native of Africa, has not long been 1 


known even at the Cape. They are found in the country, a few leagues 
from the shore; are taken young from the nest, reared, and much valued by 
the natives, for the purpose of destroying rats, toads, and serpents : the 
latter it will strike with its wings until it is disabled; then seizing it by the 
tail, dashes it with great violence on the ground, which it repeats until the 
serpent is dispatched; on which account they have obtained the name of 
Slaangen-Vraater, or Serpent Eater, by the natives. . 
It is rather more than three feet high, when erect; and being not only a 
new species, but so ambiguous in its form and habits, it has occasioned 


much uncertainty as to its class, in regard to what family it belongs. 
By the form of the bill, it appears to be rapacious, and has been ranked 
with the Vulture; yet it makes no use of this weapon, either in attack or 
defence; and its manner, instead of being sullen and cruel (the charac- 
teriatic of the Vulture), is social, gentle, and inoffensive. It very soon be- 
comes familiar, expressing a grateful attachment and attention td the person 


who feeds it. | 

From the extraordinary length of its legs, it might by those unac- 
quainted with its habits be classed with the Waders; but it is most de- 
cidedly rapacious. Its strength and defence is in its legs; and what is 
very remarkable, and observed in no other bird, is its power of striking 
forwards, never backwards. Dr. J. R. Foster has mentioned a circum- 
stance, which he says was supposed to be peculiar to this bird that, should 
it by any accident break a leg, the bone would never unite again. 


I 


THE WAX.-BIII. 


Loxia AWV. U. Sn. i. 5. %% 


SxNEGAL US SrRIAruvs. Bris. Orn. iii. P. 210. 
Lz SENBCALI Rave. Buß. Ois. iv. P. 101. 
W. i: Edw. Gl. pl. 354. fig. 2 
WAxX-BILLI Grosprak. Lath. ii. p. EE 


Tuis bird derives its name from the colour of the bill being of a bright 
red, resembling sealing-wax; it is represented on the Plate the size of life. 


A line of bright red extends from the nostrils to the hind head, in which 
the eyes are placed. The colour of the upper part of the bird is brown, ra- 
diated with transverse bars of dusky brown, very delicate on the head and 


neck; but which increases in breadth and colour on the back, wings, and 
tail. It becomes much lighter on the throat, breast, and belly. Under the 
breast is a broken line of red. The lower belly, and coverts under the tail, 
are black (in the male). The tail is dusky brown, with transverse lines 


of a deeper shade, and cuneiform. The legs and feet are light brown. 
The red-rumped, and white-rumped Gros-beak, described by Latham, 


are varieties of this kind. on 
The Count de Buffon, under the characters of Senegalis and Bengalis, 


describes this and the Amaduvade; and observes, that we should be much 


mistaken if we inferred from the above names that they are confined to Ben- 
gal and Senegal, as they are spread through the greatest part of Asia and 
Africa, and the adjacent islands. — That described by Brisson came from 


Java; that by Edwards, from the East Indies. In Senegal, this and other 


small birds are caught by showing a few grains of millet under a calabash, 
or large gourd; which is placed on the ground, and raised by a short prop, - 


to which a string is placed, which the person draws at a proper time, and 
secures whatever is under the calabash. | 


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[21 
THE CRANE. 


AR DrA Geus. e Lin. Hot. i. p. 234. 4. 


Gaus. „„ Bris. Orn. v. þ. 375. 6. 
La Grve. Buff. Ois. vii. þ. 287. 


Tux Crane, originally a native of the north, visits all the temperate cli- 
mates; it formerly bred in England, as we find in Willoughby there was 
a penalty of twenty-pence for destroying an egg of this bird; and they like- 
wise spent the winter here, frequenting the fens of Lincolnshire and Cam- 
bridgeshire in great flocks. At present the inhabitants of those counties 
are unacquainted with them, as of late none have been seen, except a single 
bird shot a few years since near Cambridge; we ther efore suppose these 
birds to have forsaken our island, though no reason has been given for it, 
as no diminution in the species has been observed, and Linnæus assures us 
they are as numerous as ever in Sweden. 
It is a large stately bird, measuring upwards of five feet, it has an erect, 
Slender, and elegant form, walking with slow and measured steps. | 
The top of the head is covered with dusky down, sprinkled with hairs 
or bristles, the hind head bald and red, with a few hairs. On each side is 
a broad white line the length of the neck, the fore part of which is a deep 
Slate colour approaching to black, as far as the breast ; the greater wing co- 
verts, and those farthest from the body are tipped with dusky brown; the 
bastard wings and quills black; the rest of the plumage a most delicate ash 
colour : from the pinion of each wing Springs an elegant tuſt of loose fea- 
thers curled at the ends, which the bird can erect or depress at pleasure, 
but which in a quiescent state hang over and cover the tail. These feathers 
were formerly held i in high estimation, being set in gold, and worn as orna- 
ments in caps. | | | | 
Such is its astonishing power of wing, that in migrating they frequently 
soar so high as not to be visible.—Linnzus asserts, at the height of 3 miles. 


= e 
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1 22 


AMA DUVADR. 


FENCILLA AMANDAVA- 5 Lin. Sys. i. . 319 10. 
BencaLus PUNCTULATUS. Bris. Orn. lit. 5. 206. 62. 
LE BENCALE PioueTtE.. Buff. Ois. iv. þ. 96. | 
AmMapavad Bird. Edu. Gl. pl. 355. 
 AMADUVADE-FINCH, Lath. vol. ii. P. 1. 311. 


Tis bird is given the size of life, which is nearly that of the wren. The 
bill is red, and conic as the Finch's, to which family, and not to the Gros- 
| beak, it belongs. The head and throat are of a dull red; the hind part of 


the neck, the back, wings, and tail, are of a dusky brown; the lower belly 
and thighs are hikewise brown, but paler than the back; the upper coverts, 


of the tail are red, the breast and under coverts of the tail a bright yellow. 


Each feather on the side of the neck, the coverts of the wings, the belly, | 
and the end of the tail, are punctulated with white points. 
| I have had the opportunity of examining many of these birds i in this 
Menagery, as well as in the superb collection of the late Earl of Sandwich, 
and have remarked they vary 1n point of colour. | 
The female is brown, and wants those white points which decorate the 


male; she differs likewise in other respects, her throat being white; 5 the 


neck, breast, and belly a pale yellow. 


Edwards considers this as the smallest of granivorous birds yet discovered. 


Its note is sweet and short, often repeated; and he supposes they might, 


with proper care, breed in this country as the Canaries : he has frequently 
observed the cock to drive the hen to nest. 

Mr. Tunstall remarks, that they become more spotted in proportion to 
their age; and that one in particular which seemed powdered with white, 


when first in his possession, had scarce any white spots about it. 


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BLACK-FACED BUNTING. MALE. 


EMBEREZA QuzrEa, - Lin. Sys. i. p. 310. 
Lr MoiNzav A BEC ROUGE DE SENEGAL. Bris. Orn. iii. Pp. 110. 
 Brack-Facep Bur. Tall. ii. P. 1. 192. 


Tuxsx birds are represented the size of life. The bill is red, stout, and 

thick, like that of the Grosbeak, but the formation is truly that of the Bunt- 

ing; to which family, as Mr. Latham remarks, it certainly belongs. 

Ihe forehead is black, the throat and cheeks are likewise black, the back, 

the coverts of the wings and tail are dusky in the middle, and have a ru- pF 
fous border; the throat, breast, belly, and coverts under the tail are a plea- | 
sant blush colour; the quill-feathers dusky brown, with a rufous margin; 

the tail, consisting of twelve feathers, is likewise dusky brown, with a rufous 

edge; the legs and feet flesh colour. 
A pair of these birds were presented to Lady Ducie, a 1 appro- 

priated name of Weayer birds; which name they have acquired from this 

circumstance. A skein of silk having lain accidentally near their cage, 
and within their reach, they with great art, and indefatigable industry and 

perseverance interwove it between the wires of their cage, so perfectly as to 


fill up the side on which they were employed entirely. 


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Taar the female wants the black Pt” the head 1 Cs is not the 0 


difference from the male, there are other marks of dissimilitude. 


In the male the bill is red, in this it is a pale, yellowish, flech edlour. 


| The head, neck, back, coverts of the wings, and tail, are tawny, each fea- 


ther dusky in the middle, and margined with a pale tawny colour; the 


throat, breast, belly, and coverts under the tail, are also of a pale tawny; 
the quills ab tail 12258 wich a ny: margin; che legs a _ flesh 


colour. 


They were ca docile and familiar binds, and OY having lived 


some time in this menagery, they undoubtedly became more so, by their 
being accustomed to society, as they never discovered the least uncasiness 


or apprehension on being frequently examined by the DIR that fre- 
quented this delightful spot. 
The hen expressed great fondaess and attachment to the cock, day. 


nestling close to * on the Os - 


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BLUE- HEADED PARROT: 


Psirracus MENSTRUUs _ a Sat. i i. 1 148. 
Le PArROQUET A TETE BLEUE.DE LA GUIANA. Bris. Orn. iv. þ. 247. 
L PAPEGAI A TETE ET GORGE BLEUE. Buff. Cis. vi. p. 243. 
BLuz-HEapeD PARROT, Lath. i. P. 301. Ed. 


vii. p. 314. 


Tux Count de Buffon has discriminated this genus into two classes; the 


first comprehends those of the old world, which he has subdivided into five 
families; Cockatoos, Parrots, Lories, long-tailed Parrakeets, and short: tai led 
Parakeets: those of the new world into six families; Maccaws, Amazo- 


nians, Cricks, Popinjays, Wag tale Paroquets, and short- tailed Paro- 


quets. 


As Lshall have an opportunity of 3 specimen of each ay 


in the course of this work, I shall then point out their specific e 
in the order they are presented to my Subscribers. | N 


This subject is the size of the dove- house pigeon. The bill is black, with 
a red spot on both sides of the upper mandible; the eyes are surrounded by 


a flesh - coloured membrane; the nostrils are placed in a narrow skin at the 


basis of the upper mandible, pretty close together; on each side the head is a 
dusky spot, the head and neck are of a fine blue, which inclines to purple 
on the breast; the wing coverts of a yellow green, the back, belly, thighs, 
wings, and upper coverts of the tail, of a beautiful green, the under coverts 
are scarlet, the tail is expanded in order the better to explain the variety and 


15 brilliancy of i its colours; the legs are grey. 


This beautiful Popinjay is a native of Guiana, and though very scarce 
there, is only valued for the beauty of its plumage, as it cannot be taught 
to articulate, as most of the parrot tribe do; it is smaller than the Amazon, 


from which and the Crick it is distinguished by the omission of red on 
the wings. 


[26 ] 


YELLOW GOLD-FINCH. 


FRINGILEA TRISTIS. | Lin. Sys. i. b. 320. 

La CHARDONNERET D'AuzRTIEUE. Bris. Orn. iii. 64. 

La CHARDONNERET JAUNE. VF 

Gol bx F Nn. „ 
Aux RIAN GoLD-rincn. Catesby i. 43. Ed. 274. f 


„ F Lath. ii. 288. 


Tuts subject! is the size of life, . excepting Mr. Pennant: and the Count 


de Buffon (who in adopting the name of Yellow Gold finch, very justly 


characterizes its plumage), all those who have mentioned this bird, call it 


the American Gold-finch; though this name cannot be strictly proper, un- 

less it can be ascertained that no other Gold- finch exists in that quarter of 
the world. Lg: 

They inhabit New York, where . are called Vork- ien chey are 


rare in Carolina, more frequent in Virginia; and Father Charlevoix has 


met with them in Canada, and other parts of America, they are likewise 


found at Surinam and Guiana; they are summer birds, and feed on thistles 


like the Gold- finch. 
The bill is of a flesh colour, the irides hazel, the rechen black, the head, 
neck, back, and breast of a most splendid yellow; the lower belly and coverts 


under the tail white, the wing coverts black, crossed with bars of white, the 


edges and tips of the lesser ones white; tail black; legs flesh colour. 
Mr. Tunstal, who had several of those birds in his very curious collec- 
tion, remarks that both male and female constantly lose their yellow in the 


winter season, and become exactly the colour of the Siskin, “ and as con- 


stantly recovered their original splendid plumage in the spring. 


Siskin. Latb. ii. p. 291 88. B 


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BLACK-CAPPED LORY. 


Ps1TTACUS DOMICILLA. Lin. Host. i. b. 145. 
L Lony Ds Ix DES ORIENTALES. Bris. Orn. iv. 5. 122. 
Lt Log A Cor LER. Buff. Ots. vi. b. 130. 

SECOND BLACK-CAP Loy, _ Edv. iv. 2 171. 
PuxPLE-caPPeD Lon v. Lath. i. b. 271. 


Ms. LArnAM says, this genus of parrots consists of infinite varities, which 
seem to run so much into each other, as to induce one to think many of 
them related, though brought from different parts of the world. This as- 
sertion, however, must be received with no small hesitation; for as they are 
considered as articles of traffic by the natives of the tropical regions, they 
are perpetually carried from one continent to the other for sale. 

The name of Lory has been applied to this ſamily in the East Indies, 
from its cry resembling the word lory. They are likewise distinguished 
from the rest by their plumage, which is chiefly red, of different shades; 
their bill is also smaller, not so much hooked, but sharper than the parrots. 

This species inhabits only the Moluccas, and New Guinea; and if they 
have been met with elsewhere, as it 18 known they have not the power of 
flying to a great distance, it is impossible they should ever have migrated 
from one continent to the other, | | 
They are very brisk and lively birds, more active than any other parrot; 
they are gentle and familiar, and are taught, with great facility, to whistle 
and articulate very distinctly. It is astonishing how soon they can repeat 
what they hear. ” 1 
The Count de Buffon supposes that the ſemale wants the yellow crescent 
on the breast: I rather conjecture his specimen must have been a young 
bird, before the plumage was perfect, as the bird in Lady Ducie's collec- 
tion, from which this drawing was made, corresponds exactly with one 
now in the possession of Lady James, which her Ladyship did me the honour 
of informing me, had laid an egg since her Ladyship had it in her aviary. 


[ 28 ]. 


ANGOLA GROSBEAK. 


Lox1a ANGOLENSIS, LOL Lin, Sys. i. þ. 303. 
Brack GrosBrEAk . "Ed. Mi þ. 352. 
ANGOLA Gloss. > | - Lal. 11. F. 1. 0855 


Tris subject v was presented to Lady 8 as a 8 bird; it is, 
however, a native of Angola, which is well known to be situated between 


the rivers Dande and Coanza, on the coast of Africa. It came from Lisbon, 


where a great variety of curious birds are to be met with, brought thither 
from the Brazils, and from the Portuguese settlements on the coastof Africa. 

In the formation of this bird nature, so far from being lavish, has 
withheld every decoration: it is neither possessed of grace or elegance, 
and its plumage 1 is particularly dull and obscure; it lived but a short time 
in this Menagery, therefore all that could be learned of its history was, that 


its habits were solitary, and its character sad and sullen. 


As it is my intention to give the portraits of every subject preserved in 
this superb collection, I have introduced this bird in the present Number 
by way of contrast to one so remarkable for its beauty, and the brilliancy 


ol its plumage. 


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[49 ] 


© 


SUMMER DUCK. 


 ANAs SPONSA. | Lin. Syst. b. 207. 

LI CANARD D' ETE. Bris. Orn. vi. p. 35 1. 

L BAU GANAND HUPPE.. - Buff. Ois. ix. þ. 245. 
AMERICAN Woop Dock. Broun. Jam. Pp. 481. 
SUMMER DUCx. = Catesb. Car. i. P. 97. Ed. 


101. Lath. iii. 445. 


Tris most elegant bett i 1s about FD size of the widgeon, and the plu- 
mage 1s $0 exceedingly beautiful, splendid, and various, that the most for- 
tunate exertion of the artist can scarcely imitate it with success; on which 
account it has been named the beautiful crested Duck. > 


It is met with from New York to the West-India Islands, and also in 


Mexico, where it is called Vztactzon yayauhqui, or the bird of the various 


coloured head. 


It appears at New York in the latter end of February, passes the summer 


in Carolina, perching on the tallest trees which grow near the water (espe- 
_ cially the deciduous cypress), and making its nest on those trees, in holes 


made by woodpeckers, and frequently between the forks of the branches, 
whence they are called the Branch, or Tree Duck. When the young ones 


are hatched, the old ones take them on their backs to the water, to whom 
the ducklings, on the least symptom of danger, closely adhere with their 


bill, 


The natives of Louisiana ornament their calumets of peace with the 


neck of this bird; the flesh is much esteemed by them, and considered as a 


very great delicacy . 
The female differs from the drake, the head is dusky brown, slightly 


| crested, round the base of the bill, beneath the eye, chin, and throat are 


white, the neck and breast brown, with laint white triangular spots; the 


back and tail are brown; the wings brown . tinged with blue green just above 
_ the quills; across the wings is a narrow bar of white; the legs as in the male. 


© 


[30] 


CHINESE DUCK. 


* 


Anas GALERICULATA. | Lin. Syst. i. 5. 206. 
La SARCELLE DE LA CHN x. Bris. Orn. Vi. þ. 450. 
Cmnrsr EAI. | "Faw. "6.102: 
Cninest Dux. | Lath, iii. P. 548. 


* 
# 


Tarts singular and elegant bird is a native of China and Japan, where 


it is called Kimnodou, and is held in the highest estimation by the Chinese 
for its beauty; it is rather less than the widgeon. The English in China 
call it the Mandarine Drake. | 

The whole plumage 1s a combination of the most rich and vivid colours, 
and to this may be added, the very remarkable Singularity which distin- 
guishes it from all other birds, of having two feathers on each side their out- 
side webs, of an uncommon breadth; these feathers are of a bright bay, 


edged with black towards their points; the inner web being narrow, of a 


splendid blue, terminated with bay colour: these feathers appear erect 
when the wing is closed. 

The head is adorned with a most beautiful crest of various tints, the 
feathers of which are very long, and fall behind the neck, the feathers of the 
neck are narrow, and pointed, like those of the cock, of a dull orange colour. 

They are frequently exposed to sale at Canton in China, at the rate of 

rom six to ten dollars a couple. A pair of these scarce and valuable birds 
were a long time preserved in this Menagery : : and though every care and 


attention was Paid. in the hope of having them breed, it was not attended 


with success. 


* 


The female very much resembles that of the Summer Duck, except in 


having two bars of white on the wing; the breast rather more clouded with 
brown, and the spots rounded instead of a triangular form. 
As the Chinese are not over scrupulous in their dealings, the want of 


success might be in consequence of having a ſemale of the Summer Duck 


matched with the Chinese Drake. 


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| Buff. Ois. iv. þ. 92. 

Brur-BBLLIED F INCH. | Edw. pt. 131. female. 


Lath. 11. P. 3 10. 


Arrnoven the Count de Buffon has given the appropriate title of Ben- 
gal to these birds, he does not mean to infer that they are confined to that 
part of India, being natives of Asia and Africa. And as a number of them 
have been taken to the Isle of Cayenne, and there set at liberty, where 
they were seen to be very cheerful, lively, and disposed to perpetuate their 
race; he says, we may expect to see them soon naturalized in America. 

A cage, containing a variety of these very lively and delicate birds, was 
presented to Lady Ducie, and kept in this Menagery. 

The subject of this Plate had on each side a crimson crescent, placed 
under but rather behind the eyes; the breast, throat, belly coverts above 
and beneath the tail, and the tail itself, were of a delicate pale blue; all the 
upper part of the body and wings of a pale light grey, inclining to chesnut. 

In the same cage another specimen had the lower belly and thighs the 
same colour as the back, and wanted the crimson spots under the eyes, 
which is supposed to be the characteristic of the male, as Mr. Bruce, who 
has seen these birds in Abyssinia, asserts that the crimson spots are wanting 
in the female, and that her plumage is less brilliant. The male has an 
agreeable warble, which he never observed in the female. Ds 

This variety came from the coast of Angola, where they are called, by 
the Portuguese, Azulinha, by the French Cordon bleu, and Aer are more 
frequently met with than the subject of this Plate. 


d : 1 


PARADISE TAN AGER. 


Taxacra TATAO. 77 954. i. 5. 315. 
Le TANGARA. Pe Bris. Orn. iii. P. 3. 
Lx SEPTICOLOR. | 5 Buff. Ois. iv. p. 219. 
TrITMOUSE of PARADISE. Ed. pt. 349. 
Paranist TANACER. on Lath. ii. þ. 236. 


TuIS genus of birds, of which there are more than forty species, exclu- 
Ave of varieties, are chiefly natives of the New Continent, all that have 
hitherto been received having come from Guiana, and other parks of South 
America. 

They are common in the Laid; parts of Guiana, where they make 
their appearance generally about the middle of September, hkewise at 
Cayenne, collecting in great flocks for the purpose of feeding on the tender 
half-formed fruit of a particularly large tree, where they continue about 
six weeks; they then take their departure elsewhere, most probably into the 
interior part of the country, to seek the same food, for they do not prefer 
any other; and wherever the trees are in bloom, these birds are certainly 
to be met with, and return again in April or May, at which season the 
fruit ripens. . 

The plumage of this most beautiful subject, when arrived at a mature 
state, is variegated with seven colours, the brilliancy of which is beyond 
expression, some males have the splendid red on the rump as well as the 
back; in others the back and rump are entirely of a gold colour, the general 
_ plumage of the ſemale is less brilliant, and not so distinct as in the male, 
the lower part of the back and rump being of a dull orange. 

These birds are kept in cages at the Brazils, and fed on meal and bread; 
they neither sing nor warble, but have only a short shrill note. 

In their instinctive habits they exceedingly resemble the Sparrow, asso- 
ciating near the dwellings, and being particularly familiar, differing only 
in point of colour, and the upper mandible ng Slightly ridged and 
notched at the end. 


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[35] 
GREAT BUSTARD. MALE. 


cg Tanda. Uu. Se i. p. 264, 

L' OorARDE. 5 1 Bris. Orn. v. þ- 19; 

Buff. Ois. ii. P. 1. 

Bus rap. Wall. Orn. 5. 178. 

5 Br. Zool. i. W. 98. 
Gurar Bus rap. Lal. iii. P. 105. 


Tur Great Bustard is allowed to be the largest of the land fowls in our 
island. The male weighing from twenty to twenty seven pounds, and 
measuring from three feet and a half to four feet. 
The male differs from the female, n not only in size and in the superior | 
brightness of his plumage, but by the whiskers which rise on each side from 
the corner of the under mandible, and in his being furnished with a pouch 
situated in the fore part of the neck, the entrance of which is immediately 
under the tongue, and capable of containing seven pints of water, answer 
ing the purpose of a reservoir, to supply the ſemale while sitting, and the 
young birds until they are capable of providing ſor themselves. 
Although so large a bird, they are in their wild state exceedingly timo- 
rous, avoiding as much as possible all intercourse with mankind ; and 
notwithstanding their strength, are so remarkably pusillanimous as never 
to exert it even for their own preservation, always shrinking from attacks 
however contemptible the Opponent, never attempting any resistance, but 
providing for their safety by flight. They are slow in taking wing, yet 
run so fast that the swiftest greyhound can only overtake them. 
They inhabit most of the open countries of the southern and eastern parts 
of the island, from Dorsetshire to the Wolds in Vorkshire, and are frequently 
met with on Salisbury Plain. With us they are in the greatest numbers 
in autumn, sometimes in troops of fiſty or more: are also common in some 
parts of Germany, and in Hungary, four or ſive hundred have been seen in 
a flight. They feed on grain and herbs, and likewise on large earth-worms, 
which appear in great quantities on the downs, where they chiefly inhabit. 
A most beautiful pair of these birds were presented to Robert Child, Esq. 


by the present Marquis of Bath. 


[34] 


GREAT BUSTARD. FEMALE. | 
Tux female Bustard differs considerably from the male in its propor- 
tions and weight, not being above half the size, and weighing from ten to 
twelve pounds; a greater disproportion than has been remarked in any 


other species. 


There is likewise a difference in the plumage, the crown of the head is 
of a bright orange colour, marked with transverse dusky lines, the rest of 
the head is of a dull brown, the fore part of the neck ash colour; the hinder 
part and the rest of the plumage the same as that of the male, but not s0 

brilliant. | „ 

In the season of love, the male addresses the female- by strutting round 
her, and spreading his tail like a fan. 

She does not prepare any nest, but only scrapes a hole in the ground, in 
the most retired part of some dry corn- field, in which she deposites two 
eggs, not quite so large as those of a goose, of a pale olive brown, marked 
with spots of a deeper shade, which she hatches aſter an e of 
thirty days. | 

When she leaves her eggs in hw of food, sbould any one daring os 
absence, either touch or even breathe on them, she discovers it, and imme- 
diately abandons them. Klein remarks, that on the least appearance of 
danger, she will take her eggs under her wing, and transport them to a 
place of salety. 

They are particularly attached to the place where they are bred; and as 
they seldom take wing but when they are closely pursued and absolutely 
forced to it, their greatest excursions never exceed twenty or thirty miles. 

Their flesh is excellent, that of the young ones remarkably delicate. 


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[ 35 ] 


WHITE STORK. 


ADA CIcONIA. „ Lin. Syst. i. b. 235. 7. 

La Cicocnt BLANCHE, Bris. Orn. v. þ. 365. 
. „ Buff. Ots. vii. P. 253. 

Wnurrær SToORx. Lath. Syn. iii. P. 47. 


Ix size it occupies the intermediate space between the Crane and tlie 
Heron. It inhabits most parts of Europe, except England, where it has 
never been seen except in four instances, and then supposed to be driven by 
tempestuous weather. Avoiding the extremes of heat and cold, it is not 
met with between the tropics. It appears in Sweden in April, retires in 
August, is not seen farther north than Scania, or in Russia, beyond fifty 
degrees north, nor to the east of Moscow. | 

In Lorain: Alsace, and in Holland, these binds; are in a manner half 
domestic, and are so far familiarized to the society of man, as to walk un- 
concerned about the streets, feeding on offal and filth, and clearing the fields 
of serpents and every noxious reptile ; they likewise build on the tops of 
houses, forming their nest of sticks, twigs, and aquatic plants (laying never 
more than four eggs, oftener not more than two, of a dirty yellowish white, 
smaller but longer than those of a goose), on wheels and boxes provided for 
them by the inhabitants; where they are not only held in great veneration, 
but every attention is paid to their security, that no injury should be done = 
them ; and it would be almost as dangerous, in the present age, to kill a 
Stork in Holland, as it was in former times in Thessaly, when such a crime 
was expiable only by the death of the offender. 

The Stork is of a mild amiable disposition (from which, as is known to 
the learned reader, it derives its name), particularly attentive to its young, 
protecting them in the moment of danger, perishing in their defence before 


it will forsake them. 
Very much has been said by the ancients of its moral qualities; it was 


the emblem of temperance, conjugal fidelity, affection, and filial piety ; and 
the law which compelled the maintenance of parents, was enacted in ho- 
nour of them, and inscribed by their name. 


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PURPLE GALLINULE. 


Folio PoxenyRro. | Lin. Syst. i. b. 258. 5. 
II Pours-Sorraye, &- BN. Om. v. p. 522. 
5 „ Buff. Ois. viii. 5. 194. 

Punptr Warn Hex. Egdw. pl. 87. 
PorPLE GALLINULE. | „ — On. 1 111. 7. 254. | 


Very few birds have more plendid or brilliant irradiation of plumage 
than the present subject, its beautiful feathers, when viewed in the sun, 


forming a combination of the richest tints of blue, purple, and green; it 


appears likewise to be a bird singularly disposed to domestication, being 
very docile, mild, easily tamed, very soon becoming ſamiliar, and attached 
to its keeper. It was therefore justly considered as a valuable acquisition 
and an ornament to this splendid collection. It is reduced on the Plate, 
its length being one foot five inches. | 

In Sicily these birds are bred in plenty, and very ST Y admired for 
their beauty; they appear in the streets and markets, picking up the refuse 
of fruit and vegetables, but whether they are indigenous there, or whether 


they migrated originally from Africa, is uncertain. 


This we know, that tliey abound on the coast of Barbary, i in the islands 


of the Mediterranean; they are met with in various parts of the south of 


Russia, in the western parts of Siberia, and in the neighbourhood of the 
Caspian sea; in the cultivated rice grounds of Ghilar, in Persia, in great 


abundance; and in high plumage in China, the East Indies, the islands of 


Java and Madagascar; and they are common in the southern parts of 


America. 


In their wild state, the female makes its nest among the reeds in March, 
lays three or four white eggs perfectly round, the time of incubation occupy- 
ing from three to four weeks. It not only feeds on fruit, plants, and grain, 
but will eat fish with avidity, repeatedly dipping them in water before it 
swallows them: it frequently stands on one leg, and clenching its ſood with 
its toes, lifts it to its mouth with the other, in the same manner as the 
Parrot. 


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8 VIRGINIAN EARED OWL. 


L 62anD Duc pn Vite bel 1 Bris. Orn. i. þ. 484. 
HonxxrD O wt. Ellis's Huds. Bay, þ. 40. 
Grear Horned OwI PRO Vigeinia. Ed. . 
Vrecinian EA RED %%; © Ja $6 V. 119» 


Tires i is little dintinetion between this genus and the rapacious birds, 
except that those commit their ravages- by day,. but this subject chiefly by 


night. The bill is short and hooked, not furnished with a cere, and both 


5 mandibles are moveable, as in the Parrot. 


The nostrils are covered with bristly feathers, projecting forwards. The 


head and eyes are large, and during the day they are mostly shut, being 


unable to bear the glare of light. 5 | 
The passage to the ears is large, 4 their sense of hearing more exqui- 


site than that of other birds, erhaps than any known animal. Their legs 


and ſeet are ſor the most part clothed with feathers, down to the origin of 
the claws, which are much hooked, strong, and very sharp. The outer- 
most toe is capable of being turned backwards as occasion may Oy” and 
one or more of the outermost quill ſeathers is serrated. 5 
The appetite for flesh, and the disposition to plunder, are the same. This 
genus is subdivided into two genera, the long eared, or Horned Owl, and 
those with smooth heads. This. is- inferior in size to the 1 Owl, not 


measuring more than:sixteen inches. 
It is common to South and North America, in Northern Asia, as far 


east as Kamtschatka, and almost to the North Pole; often.met with at Hud- 


son's Bay, where it frequents the woods, and builds in: March in the pine 
tree, the nest being composed of a few sticks laid across; the eggs are two 


in number, of a dull white; the young fly in June. 
It makes during night 2 most hideous noise, not unlike the outcry of a 2 


man, so that passengers beguiled by it, olten lose their way in the vast 


forests it frequents. 


r 


[3] 


GREAT RED-CRESTED COOKATOO. | : 


Le KazaTors \a nurrE xover. Bi . Orn. iv. P. 209. 
5 „„ es Ois, vi. P. 95. 

Greater CocxAroo. ! 0 A 

Great Rep-CresreDd Cockatoo. Lal. Syn. i. P. 257. 


Tuts subject is one of the largest species known, as it measures rather 
more than seventeen inches; the name Kakatoes, or Cockatoo, is formed 


from their cry. . . OE 


It is distinguished from other b by it its size, byi its white plumage, by. 
the pecuharly incurvated shape of the bill, by the baldness of the head, and 
more particularly by a folding crest, near seven inches in len gth, the un- 
der part of a scarlet colour, N to orange, which it can elevate or de- 
press at pleasure. 

The bill is cinereous; the cere in which the nostrils are 3 and the 
orbits of the eye, are of a lead colour, the irides of a deep red. Although 
the general colour of the plumage is white, it is tinged on the back with 
Shades of cream colour, on the head and brecst with a 80ſt delicate rose 
blush; the inner coverts of the wings with yellow, and the lateral tail 


ſeathers have their inward webs, from the base to the middle, of a sulphur- 


like colour; the legs and feet are lead colour, the toes black. 
They inhabit the southern parts of Asia, where they seem indigenous, 
are likewise found in the south of India, and in all the islands of the In- 


dian ocean, more particularly in the Moluccas under the line, In several 


parts of India they are in a manner domesticated, building their nests un- 


der the roofs of houses. 


They seem to possess a superior understanding to that of the common 
Parrot, and are more docile, kind, and sincere in their attachments. This 
amiable disposition was particularly manifested in the subject of this Plate, 
for its fondness, affectionate attention, and attachment, to the person who 


| had the care of it was beyond expression. 


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[ 39 | 


ROSE-HEADED RING PARRAKEET, 


La PrxRUcRE DER Bencarts. Bris. Orn. iv, p. 343. No. 66, 


Lex PeTITE PERRUCHE A TETE 
COLEUR DE ROSE A LONG | | 
 BRINS. Buſf. Ois. vi. b. 154. 
Rosx-HEADRD RING PARRAKEET. Edw. Glen. þ. 233. 


Lath.Gen. Syn. i. P. 339. No. 39, 
Var. A. 


As the genus of parrots is more numerous than any, it will not therefore 
appear extraordinary that several of this family, so remarkable for the bril - 
liancy and great variety of the plumage, as well as their agreeable and en- 
gaging manners, should form a conspicuous part of this most elegant and 
superb Collection. . 

According to the Count de Buffon's arrangement, this subject is of the 
Old Continent, and is a variety of the Blossom - headed Parrakeet. In size 
it measures rather more than ten inches; tlie upper mandible is of a pale 
yellow, with a dusky cere, in which the nostrils are placed, the under man- 
dible black; the forehead and cheeks are of a pleasant blush, or rose colour, 
which, as it approaches the hind part of the neck, gradually becomes blue. 

The chin is black; a ring of the same colour encircles the neck, which 
becomes narrow by degrees, and appears to divide the head from the body; 
the upper part of the neck, the back, the rump, the scapulares, and coverts 
of the tail, are of a pleasing green; the throat, breast, belly, thighs, and co- 
verts under the tail, a yellowish green, some of the lesser coverts of the 
wings are edged with a dull red. 

The tail consists of twelve feathers, the two middle ones on the upper 
surface are blue, and terminate in points, the others are tinged with green, 
and gradually shorten towards the sides, the legs and claws are cinerious. 
This was a very pleasing bird, extremely fond of being taken notice of, and 
it never discovered the least inclination to bite or injure any stranger that 


approached it. 


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[40] 


VARIEGATED BUNTING. 


EI ENIZA PrINcIPALIS. | Lu. Sys. i. p. $13. 22. 
LA VxUvE D' ANGOLA, Bris. Om. app. þ. 80. 
La Vzuve Mouchzr x Buff. Ois. iv. þ. 165. 
Lonc-Tait SAR Ro W. Edw. p. 27 0. 
VarIEcaTED BUNTING. Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. Pp. 181. 1. 


* 18. Var. B. 


Tu subject of this plate is represented as large as life; it is a native of An- 
gola, on the Western coast of Africa. The bill is of a lively red, short, 
strong, and conic, having a hard knob in the upper mandible, which en- 
ables it to break and triturate seeds and grain. 

The upper part of the head and neck are of a dull orange Cold ur; varie 
gated with black; the back, the rump, and wings, are black, edged with dull 
orange; the sides of the head, the throat, the lesser coverts of the wings, the 
belly, and coverts under the tail, are white; the breast pale orange; the tail 
consists of twelve feathers, including the four long ones, which are not (as 
the Count de Buffon supposes) a sort of false tail of eee feathers, 
but actually constitute a part of the true tail. 1 

When these ſeathers acquire their full length, the ſour middle ones pro- 
ject considerably beyond the side ones, as expressed in the Plate; they are 
cast in moulting, and are quickly replaced; which, though common in most 
birds, is contrary to the nature of the Whidah, as that bird is often 51 a 
year without them. 

It was an active, lively bird: and although 1 it had no song, neither could 
it boast of any richness or brilliancy of plumage, yet the extraordinary 
length and form of its tail, so different from all other birds, rendered it a very 
pleasing and valuable acquisition to this Collection. 


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BLUE HEADED TURTLE. 


Cor.UMBa CYANOCEPHALA, Ts, Syst. i. b. 282, No. 20. 
La TourTERELLE DE LA JaMalgue. Bris. Orn. i. P. 135. 
Brue-HEADED TURTLE. Lath. Gen. Syn. i. 5. 65 1. No. 45. 


Tux Turtle is found in every part of the Old and New Continent, even as 
far as the South Sea Islands. They are, like the Pigeon, subject to great va- 
riety, and though naturally more wild in their disposition, they can, with 
proper management, be raised and domesticated; and from the great analogy 
which is known to subsist betu een the two birds, it is not unlikely that the 


several varieties may result from the repeated intercou:se of the Bisset, the 


Ring Dove, and Turtle. 

The Pigeon is fond of society, attached to its companions, and faithful 
to its mate. Not so the Turtle, for those that are acquainted with its man- 
ey; know it to be capricious, quarrelsome, and inconstant, notwithstand- 

ing its reputation to the contrary. 5 N 

This subject i is rather less than ours, yet its instincts and habits are the 
same, and it seems to differ only in the colour of its plumage, which may 
be caused by the influence of climate. A cage of these birds came from St. 
Lucia; they are common in Jamaica, and in the island of Cuba, where they 
are taken in traps to supply the market: although they had every attention 


and convenience, they never bred in this Menagery. 


[42]. 0 


' YELLOW F * 


FRINGILLA 8 Lyn. Syst. i. hs 32t. 22. 
LX VrRDIER pes INDEs. Bris. Orn. iii. Pp. 195, 55. 
Lx VERT BRUNEF. Buff. Ois. iv. P. 182. 
INDIAN GREENFINCH. Edw. ii. P. 84. 
YrrLow-Fincn. g Lath. Gen. Hn. i ll. P. 299. M. 68. 


Tuis subject is given the size of le; it is rather larger and more bulky than 


the Canary bird. It is found in India and at the Cape of Good Hope, at 


which place it is more common than the Green-finch is with us. 


The bill is conic, slender towards the end, and Sharp pointed; the upper 


mandible dusky brown, the lower lighter; the irides are hazel. 
The whole upper part of the plumage is a dull olive green, a line of the 


same colour passes from the basis of the bill through the eye; above and 


beneath the eye 1s a line of yellow; from the angles of the mouth there is a 
black line in form of a mustachio. 1 

The quills are olive green, edged with white; the 1 under side, from 
the throat to the covert feathers under the tail, are yellow, and slightly 
tinged with green; the tail is a little forked, and margined with yellow- 
green. 1 8 
It was a very bold, lively, active bird, and had a most agreeable song. 


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[43] 


"A 


JAVA GROSBEAK. 


Loxra OrvzIvoRa. L.in. Hot. i. b. 302. W. 14. 
Lz GRros-BEC CENDRE DE LA VF 
Cuxx. | 5 Bris. Orn. iii. P. 244. 

Lx Pa DDA o L OISEAU DE Riz. Buff. Ois. iii. þ. 463. 
Pappa, or Rice Birp. Ew. i. P. 41. 

Java GROSBT Ax. Lath. ii. P. 129. No. 29. 


ALTHoucn this bird is very frequently met with at Java, and the Cape of 
Good Hope, there is great reason to suppose that the Europeans, in their 
intercourse with China and Java, had often carried these birds to that | 
island; and that it is an inhabitant, if not a native, of China, being fre- 
quently met with in their paintings, where it is called Hung-tzoy. | 

It is represented on the plate of the size of life: the bill is very stout and 
thick for the size of the bird, of a fine red at the base, and paler towards the 
point, which is almost white; the head and throat black; the cheeks 
white; the upper part of the body, the neck, and breast, a most delicate 
pale ash-colour; the belly and thighs pale rose- colour; the vent, and co- 
verts under the tail, white; the greater quill -feathers, and tl, a glossy 
black : legs flesh- colour. 

It is very destructive to the plantations of rice, which is its principal 
food, and from thence called the Padda; and is remarkable for the deli- 
cacy of its plumage, which is so perfectly regular and soſt, that no one 
— feather projects beyond another, but they appear like a fine silky n 

covered with a farina, or bloom. 


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t AND BLUE MACCAW. 


Patrons Macao. _ Lin. 955. i. 0 139. . 15 
AA Du BaAsEL. Bris. Orn. iv. P. 184. 
LARA Rouen. Buff. Os. Vi. þ. 179. 
RED ano BLUE Maccaw. Edw. iv. 158,  ' 


Lath. Yn. i. þ. 199. M. OY, 


* 


Tux characters which distinguish the Maccaws from other parrots, are 
their size, which, when in perfect feather, measures full three feet from bill 
to tail: the length of their tail, which is much longer than in the case of 
others, eyen in proportion to the body; and the cheeks, which are bare of 
ſeathers, being a covered * a naked membranous Ram, of a whitish 
colour. 

They inhabit Brazil, Guiana, wad the warm climates of South America, 
and are not to be found on the old Continent. They were formerly com- 
mon at St. Domingo, but in consequence of the natives having extended 
their plantations nearer to the mountains, they ar are now rarely to be met 
with. 5 N N 

They live in the woods, and prefer such as cover swampy grounds, where 
the palm: tree abounds, on which they feed: they sometimes assemble i in 

flocks, but are generally found i in pairs; and of all the Parrot tribe they 
fly the best, being known to go the distance of a league in search of ripe 


fruit, but always returning in the evening to their accustomed spot. 

They make their nest in the holes of old decayed trees, enlarging the 
aperture with their bills, if too narrow; and they line the inside with 
ſeathers. 

They have two broods annually, holes two eggs, potted like those of 
the Partridge, and of the size of Pigeons eggs: : they Sit alternately ; never 


forsake their young, as long as their assistance is 1 and 5 

855 e perch together, near the nest. ; 
When caught young, they are easily tamed, soon become familiar, and 

discover great attachment to their owners; but the old birds are stubborn 


and mischievous. 


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WHITE CROWNED PIGEON. | 


CoruMBA LEUCOCEPHALA. Lin. Syst. p. 281. No. 14. 
Lr PicEON DE RocHE DE LA | 

RF ©: Bris. Orn. i. Pp. 137. W. 35. 
Bar p-PATED PickoN. Sloan Jam. þ. 303. 4. 261. . 
WnITNE-CROWNED Pico MU. Catesb. Car. i. pl. 25. ; 


 Lath. Syn. ii. P. 616. No. 5. 


Tuls subject is considered by the Count de Buffon as a variety of the wild 
Pigeon; it inhabits Jamaica, St. Domingo, and the Bahama Islands: 
they nestle and breed in holes among the rocks, and prove of infinite ser- 
vice to the inhabitants, who take vast numbers of them for food. 

They live on the seeds of the mangrove, and wild coffee; they likewise 
eat the berries of Sweet. wood; and are bitter or sweet to the taste, according 
to the season of the year, or more properly, according to the food they feed 
on; for when they meet with plenty of sweet berries they are accounted 
most excellent for the table. | | 

The plumage of this bird is very delicate: the crown. of the head is 
white, from which it takes its name: the hind neck is a combination of 
green, blue, and copper bronze, as viewed in different directio s; the up- 
per parts are bluish-grey, the under, lighter grey; the lesser and greater 
quills and tail dusky brown; the bill and legs pale red; the claws grey. 
Rather larger tlian the Turtle. 


EET 


GRENADIER GROSBEAK. 


Loxra Ornix, 2 So Max. 1 1771. P. 527. 
EuBTRIZA OR. Un. Hot. i. Pp. 309. No. 7. 
Le CARDINAL pu Car ps Bris. Orn. ili. 5. 114. W. 21. 
Bovxvx EsPERANCE. Buff. Ois. iii. p. 496. 
GRENADIER. Edw. iv. þ. 178. 
GRENADIER GROSBEAK« Lath. Syn. it. þ. 120. Ne. 16. 


Mons1tus Br1ssow describes this bird under the character of the Cardinal 
of the Cape of Good Hope; and the Count de Buffon arranges it likewise 
with other foreign birds related to the Tree Sparrow; but the very accurate 
Latham places it, very properly, with the 9 to which family it 
undoubtedly belongs. 

The figure represents it the size of life, and in its summer dress, at 
which season, the forehead, cheeks, chin, and belly, are a downy black; 
the hind part of the head, the neck, the breast, lower part of the back, 
rump, covert feathers, above and beneath the tail, are bright orange; the 
back, wings, and tail, brown, each feather being dusky in the middle, and 
_ fringed with a pale rulous colour; the thighs are pale tawney; the legs 
flesh-colour. 

In the winter it experiences an entire change; the rich black, and 
splendid orange, become less and less distinct, and the whole plumage is 
changed into dusky, brown, and tawney. 

I have reason to believe, that this very rare and valuable bird does not 
obtain its perfect colours until the second year at soonest: as I had an op- 
portunity of making drawings from, and examining a cage of these birds 
which were sent from Lisbon as a present to the late Earl of Sandwich, 
when at the head of the admiralty; and although there were several of 
them, there were scarcely two alike: in a letter which accompanied them, 


they were called the Portugal Bishop. 


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BLUE AND YELLOW MACCAW. 


Psrrracus ARARAUNA. Lyn. Sol. i. þ. 159. No. 3. 

L'Ara BLev et JaunE pu BRE- Bris. Orn. iv. Pp. 193. | 
nm. „5 4 e 

Lace Boro ĩͤ Buff. Ois. vi. þ. 191. 


Brun AND > YELLOW Maccaw. Edw. iv. þ. 159. 


Lath. i. þ. 204. Nb.” 4. 


Tuis subject is rather less than the Red and Blue Maccaw: and nature 
has been lavish in clothing it with a plumage so rich and splendid, that it 
is scarcely within the power of che pencil to give an adequate representa- 
tion of its brilliancy. 

The bill is black; the nostrils are placed on a white cere; the crown of 
the head is green; the cheeks and throat are covered with a white skin, 
striped with short black feathers; the eyelids edged with black; the irides 
pale yellow: under the bill is a line of black, which encircles the white; 
the hinder part of the neck, the back, the wings, and upper side of the tail 
are of a rich blue; the fore part of the neck, the breast, the belly, the thighs, 
and coverts under the tail, are a bright yellow; the hinder part of the 
thighs are blue: in a word, the upper part of the bird is of a most rich 
glossy azure blue, the under part of a bright golden yellow colour. 

The Blue Maccaw never associates with the Red, though they frequent 
the same situations; their voice is likewise different; neither do they al arti- 
culate so plainly as the Red. 

These birds are more subject to the epilepsy and cramp than any other 
of the Parrot tribe, more especially such as are confined; great caution 
should therefore be observed, that they have only a wooden perch, as it has 
been remarked, that such as are in the habit of resting on perches covered 
with iron, or tin, are invariably Seized with this disorder, which olten 
proves fatal to them. 


[ 47 ] ty OA 


BLUE AND YELLOW MACCAW. 


Psrrracus ARARAUNA. yn. Sys. i. 5. 159. W. 3. 
L'Aza BLxU e DU BRE- Bris. Orn. IV. 0 193. 
„„ . 

En. | Bf Ob. vi. 1 191. 


Brux 4 AND > YELLOW Maccaw. Edw. 1 iv. þ. 159. 


Lal. i. 5. . 


Tais subject is rather less than PE Red and Blue Maccaw : and nature 
has been lavish in clothing it with a plumage so rich and splendid, that it 
is scarcely within the power of the pencil to Hg an adequate representa- 
tion of its brilliancy. | 

The bill is black; the nostrils are placed on a "fide cere ; the crown of 
the head is green; the cheeks and throat are covered with a' white skin, 
striped with short black feathers; the eyelids edged with black; the irides 
pale yellow: under the bill is a line of black, which encircles the white; 
che hinder part of the neck, the back, the wings, and upper side of the tail 
are of a rich blue; the fore part of the neck, the breast, the belly, the thighs, 
and coverts under the tail, are a bright yellow; the hinder part of the 
thighs are blue: in a word, the upper part of the bird is of a most rich 
| glossy azure blue, the under part of a bright golden yellow colour. 
The Blue Maccaw never associates with the Red, though they frequent 
the same situations; their voice is likewise different; neither do they arti- 
culate so plainly as the Red. | 

These birds are more subject to the epilepsy and cramp than any other 
of the Parrot tribe, more especially such as are confined; great caution 
Should therefore be observed, that they have only a wooden perch, as it has 
been remarked, that such as are in the habit of resting on perches covered 
with iron, or tin, are invariably Seized with this disorder, which olten 
proves fatal to them. 


T0” : 


BRAZILIAN P INCH. 


FRINGILLA „ 8 \ Di Hs i. +} 3$19—11. 
LX Grenanin. N | _ Bris, iii. p. 216. 67. 
Rep Axp BLux BRAZILIAN Fixch. Edw. iv. þ. 19 5 
BRAZILIAN Fixen. Eo. * it, þ. $16. No. 87 


Tur subject of this plate is of the size of life; it came 7 FR Brazil, 1 

it is very much valued by the Gs bong a Jenny active bird, with 

an agreeable song. . 
The bill is of a most hd a perfectly conic, slender . the 


end, and very sharp pointed, above the base blue; the cheeks pale violet; 
 Irides hazel, with scarlet eyelids; the head, neck, breast, and upper belly, 


chesnut; the throat black ; the lower belly and thighs dusky ; ; the rump 


and covert feathers above the tail a beautiful blue, those under the tail 
dusky ; the wings are likewise of a dusky brown; the tail is black and 


cuneiform; the legs dull flesh-colour. 


These birds vary very much in colour: this 1 kad a ky line 


from the bill to the eye, in others this character is wanting: in some, the 


coverts, both above and beneath the tail, are violet; others have the lower 
belly and thighs chesnut, and the tail a reddish brown. The Count de 
Buffon says the Portuguese, most pr obably from a resemblance between the 
plumage of this bird and the uniform of some of their regiments, have 
named it the Oronooko Captain. 


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[ 49 


CUSHEW. 


Crax Pavuxi. 15 Lin. Syst. 1. b. . 

Lx Hocco pu Mex1que. Bris. Orn. 1. þ. 302. 14. 
_ Cousnew Birp. Edw. p. 295. 

Cusnew CuRass0. Lath. Syn. ii. P. 696. 


Tas subject is a native of Mexico, where it is known by the name of 
Pauxi. It is of the size of the Curasso, but is of a more elegant form. It 
differs Iikewise in the head, which in the Cushew is not crested, the swell- 
ing of the base of the bill is also larger, and very hard, of the size of a pear, 
and of a fine blue colour. The bill is red, stronger, and more hooked than 
the Curasso. 
Ihe upper part of the plumage is of a rich black, with intermixtures of 
blue and purple; the lower belly and under coverts of the tail are white, 
the tail is likewise tipped with white; the legs are flesh colour. 

In their wild state, they perch on the highest trees, but form their nests 
on the ground; they are very gentle, or, more properly speaking, stupid, 
as they have been known to keep their station, though fired at several 
times. . | N 
They are chiefly found in uninhabited situations, a circumstance which 
accounts, in some respects, for their being so extremely rare and valuable, 
very few having ever been brought to Europe: the one which is described 
by Edwards, from the Duke of Portland's Collection, and two very fine 
Specimens in the Osterly Menagery, being the only specimens pou re- 
cord as having been ever met with in this country. 


[50] 


CHINESE QUAIL. 


TzTRao Cuinensiss Lin. Sys. i. p. 277. 19. 
La CaiiLs pes Pri IPpINEs: Bris. Orn. 0 5 5 23. 
ILA Frarss, ou CaitLy DE LA | 
CnIxx. . . 1. 478. 
CuINEsE Quart. - | Edw. p. 247. 
| Lath. Syn, ii. b. 783. 


Tarrs bird is represented in the Plate of its natural size; it is not only con- 
siderably less than our indigenous wow” but it differs very materially in 
the colour of its plumage. | 
The bill i 1s black, the fore part of the head of a bluish « — all the 
upper part pale brown, beautifully powdered with dusky spots; the middle 
of each feather on the back and rump has a pale orange-colour stripe with 
black lines on each side; the wing feathers. are brown with transverse dusky | 
lines; the throat is black; the cheeks, and fore part of the neck white, en- 
circled with a black band rising from each corner of the mouth, and form- 
ing a crescent on the breast: the upper part of the neck, breast, and sides, 
is ash colour, with transverse dusky bars; the belly, thighs, and coverts un- 
der the tail are of a reddish orange, with a line of luteous dirty white along 
the middle of the belly; the legs are yellow, the claws brown. 
These birds are found in China and the Philippine islands, and are held 
in great estimation by the Chinese, who train them up to fight, as we do 
game cocks in England. And as they are of a very hot constitution, 80 
much more so than any other bird, as to give rise to a proverb—warm as a 
Quail; the Chinese make a practice to carry them alive in their hands, as a 
security against the cold i in winter. 1 5 


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