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TH 
enrt 


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WAY TO 


HO 
In three PARTS. 


Firſt Part, of Councils and Councellors, 


Second Part, Of the welk-qualified 
Courtier, 


Third Part; Of Martial Proweſs and} 
Learning. 


llluſtrared and adorn'd by many famous Ex-| 


- amples, as well Ancient as Modern. 


arr” re 


eee nr A — -— 


” _ 


By B.B. Gent. © | 


LONDON, 


Printed for Tho. Parkhurſt at the Bible and three] 
Crowns, at the lower end of 
Cheapſiae. 1678. 


—_ 


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his. AMA... Ah. 6 a. nds 


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Rs. 4 "I" of LC acts... Att 


E YOUNG - 


wt — — 


I1luſtrious and Magnani- 
; mousPrince Chriſtopher , Duke 


| emarle, Earl of Zorring- 
ton, Baron Monk, of Potheridoe, 
Beaucamp , and Teys; Knigl | 
| of the moſt Noble Order of th 
5 Garter; one of the Gentlemen 
_ of His.Majeſty's Bed.Chamber ; 
one of the Lords of. His Ma- 
 jelty's Moſt Honourable Privy- 


{ Council]; and Lord Lienten 
| of the County of Dewonſhire, 
| - and Eſſex, 


») 


p May it pleaſe your Graces ot 


F 1 ſhou'd preſent you with what & 
. contain'd in this Contiſe Treatiſe, of 
The Way to Honour, 4s binding Rules 
0 your Grace, / es be like ts that * 

2 ENS 


War , more than ſome few 
. 3 | * f « 
LOWBes, 14 #0: read; Mili- 


* 4 : «, 


Y 


: Hannibal., oxe of the 
Sever Nature Protut'd : 
[ being .endned vvith fuch 
'Fruq Honour, that it. compre» 


uot k nowing| 


, 


«7 a 6 -v» 


aws in it ſelf, that direc and 


S 
x 
ro 


gmeaner, 


e Way to Honour , thax your Grace, | 
every Mirrour of true Honour , aud E-| 


* © Pirome of worth, But if my Preſumpti- 
be this preſent Dedication be preat, 
Zh ope your Grace's' greater goodneſs 
"i leas'd to pardon the ſame, And 


a 108 ignorant that your Grace 
averſe from all addreſſes of this 


if 


portments ſhow you to be the Generous Son 
of - that incomparable Hero, that miracle of 
Men , that Wonder of future Ages, the 
happy reſtorer of lawful Monarchy, and 
Loyalty. * But here 1 muſt acknowleape my 
own in(afficiency, to grove due Praiſes to 
ſach eminent Virtue , which has raisd it 
ſelf npon the moſt ſolid Foundation of true * 
Honour, that ever by-paſt Times could pro» 
duce, Forreign Nations boaſt of or Ancient * 
or Modern Story mention, and leave it toa {| 
rare able Pen, to do your Grace, if polfi- 
ble, and the world that right ; but as it s 
beyond all former example, ſo 1 think it 
i above all real Charadter : wiſhing to 
- ſee. your Grace's Enſigns flouriſh where 
the Roman Eagles never flew, 


A3 Gene- 


', or hopes have formerly 

ble, or deſperate, but that 

ome reaſon have aſpired 

elſe then what I am, and 
Fortune takes delight to 

the Theater of prefer- 

f, the moſh remarkable tricks 0 

wlice , they will be no more cen- 

ws, but commend the endeavoar, 

ak , as aiming at the publick 


; | 


that Glorious Lamp of the World 
utes Liabt, Heat, Life, ana moti- 
feriour beates , without the leaſt 
ton of its Sple naor , or inherent 
ſo may this our Riſing-Sun ſend 
nevolent influences on our riſino 
s, before he reach the Meridian of his 


Then will we cry out with The- 
rh _ miſtocles, 


Ss 


- 


miſtocles , y 'e had been one if we 
had not been ſo, 7 for my pert will 
court occaſions to merit the leaſt f avon; 
able 4 and always acknowledge my 
felf to be, a 
b Brave 
Your Grace's ON 
3 Moſt humbly devoted Servant, 
— FB. FB. | : 


'Eftrange, 


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| Mn. Marcus «Cm was ſuch in \ War, that 

Men would hayp judg'd him to have been' born 
amongſt Swords and Pikes - - but if he had ap- 
plyed himſelf to his ſtudies, you would have 
thought that he had his Birth and Education 
amongſt Books. ' The woderate and ſolid ſpiric 
of Titus, ſays Teditus, amd the beauty of his coun- 


renance, jojn'd with a certain Majeſty in his dg- 

porement aga ag ment his Fame and Reputation. © 
6) GT 13, 

of hu Forme. 


The comely. Forme-therefore of the —_ 
and the Beauty "and Gravity of his Counte- 
nance, are great Ornaments to a States-man * 
For although they fade either through ſickneſs, 

or length of time ; yet what is beautiful pur- 
chalk Love, ſceing external beauty carries 
the image of. what is Divine : and though 
ſometimes a beautiful Nature lprks under ua 
ignoble form, or a gallant ſpirit is hid in adt« 
ormed Body, yet that is very rare. The 
beauty and comelineſs of Scipio Africann was 
an admiration to the Ancient Spaniards The 
due fymmetry of parts in the Body is held in 
veneration, even amongſt the Barbarians: 3 00 
that they eſteemed none capable of | 
ations, but ſuch & Nature had bene 
wich an (excel lent perſon. 


B 4 SE CT. 


Seililina Ode. Art anti te. 


vhs b Nobay O&De | imperfinent that the Age alſo 
tor be new of in this place,\ jas 
ation; and what Age is moſt 
| Ee * managing | Aﬀaics .of : State. 
th is obnoxious to divers pleaſures -and 
$,.to Paſhoo, deſire of Command, Ambi- 
| and Intemperance. Moreover young 
Underſtandings and Judgments are not 
tne Fence not fogreat as thoſe | 
cir Authority leſs with the 
_ andaremoreealily caſnar'd with-the 
of their Adverſarics: . from whence, 
d that not undeſervedly,) they are called 
abortive States-men. Jt i forbidden, ſays 
Plan writing .to Trajene, that any aſſume the 
Name of Jiagiſtrate under Ten Tears of 
A _ 
n the contrary,. Old. age is for the moſt - 
part-Timgrous, Caiciota. Incredulous,, and 
Avaritious. The nearer a Mans to:his Grave, 
is f moſt part the. more anxious and 


Cl many occaſions ar@oft-times neglected; 
{| is more talkative Nature, if there be any 
gin, is often turned into obſti- 


_ | pagy- 


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of young. mengg becauſe they were unexperi- 
A” and old men becauſe they were unable. 

The middle Age therefore is molt fit for Coun- 
cellors, which is from Thirty to. Sixty. "It 
not deny but that there may be ſome Men fit” 
for that employ bath beforc and after that Ag®+ 
But, | according (to Furius Coriolanus;” It i4 
better for men under T hirty Tears, #0 yo ro fl vou 
Umnper ſues, to travel, 
and Cuſtomes of Men and Nations, 10' know bv 
Conrts'of Princes, and to follow the- Camp ;" and 
for Men above Sixty, 10 begin to live to Thenk 
ſelves, to make uſe. of what they bave purchaſed 
by their virtue with eaſe and rate" and to bave 
a care '* the bealth of their Souls et L920 


ww 


| S. EC: To -FV. 


of the acquired Qualification of 4 Coun- 


Subſet. Of he Knowleage and Fearef God. 


_ Thus much of. innate helps, and the Ageof. 

a Councellor. Acquired ones relate to thoſe 
cy which are neceſſary to the right and 
| happy Government of the-Common-wealth. 
Amongſt which the Knowledge and Fear. of 
-God-has' the-firſt place. For cen Impiety 
$96 —— all Fear of -Fernliog:nd that the 


Councils 


nary... - Ka Kates Reaſons Aritatis diſapproved 


to learn the Manners 


at 


£ the contempt of: Meligion 
ſtruction of Publick Aﬀairs. To- 
it's God only, who gives Undetſtand- 
tudes, and Riches ; . who beats back 
e of Enemies, and who'gives Vito- 
ory to great Men: How I beſcech 
ve Council in great matters, 
ind pure,, and ſhining with 
? For who arc acceptable 
d with Divine Councils, 
e£ do ſeldom. erre. That which 
d fcc, amongſt whom the 
, though ſuperſticious and 
a great Authority. We are 
ty by no greater tye, than that 


s ſeparated from Honeſty, 
be ſeparated from Re- 
e, according to YValeriue 


; Fhey. are deceiv'd , ſays be, who 
Hen are kept in their Duty by Hu- 


the. fear of Divine Ven. 


\ Conncils \- Men are punſhed when 
e theſe of God, © 


5 £ | I , 


pis Philoſophy, of which our 


puld not be ignorant, but efpe- 
as conſiſts in Action, to wit, 


- 
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SIRE &, DT Sul 4 INS/e24 BAS; LS s 2 
F ; 5 ; 4 

Cx Fan £ 
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T i wines pra $444 oo cl for 'u \ Miniter 
| ofe States: 'converſing often; with great" nl 
learned Men, not to knew the Natur} &ufes 
of things, how | thoſe Bodies do conſift-which 
we call Elements, what Power or Force tanF 
eth Thunfter and Lightning, what diftipgvifh- - 
eth:the Rainbow with” ſuch divers &v ors; 
what doth-raiſe Winds, cauſeth Earthquakes, 
covers the-Channels of the Earth contintielly 
with Waters, and the like. 

Butler him be chicfly inſtructed in the'Ma- 
thematicks, the firlt part whereof is Atithme- 
tick. For how can he without this underſtand 
Accomptsof what is received and given'out, 
if any time the charge. of the Treaſury or "Db | 
chequer be Fes. to him. - 

Geometry and Geography, without which 
Hiftory cannct be well-underftood ;., Lands 
cannot be divided, Camps cannot- be'puched, 
Towns 'builded, Cities and- Caſiles:: ſertifie 
ed; arc e alſo very needful-ſor our Cooncellgel.: Xe 

 Tr's abſurd in; thoſe having the admigities. 

tion of the Common-wealth to bajiguors 
thoſe things whereby the ſame UlMh- 
W hich Plato underſtood, when he wma 
that famous ſentence as from an Oracle, 7Þþet 
Common-wealths fhofftd be bappy, when excher 
Philoſophers did reign; or Princes 64 dart? 
tremjeives ro Eiſen: Eb | 


Power of the Fatif&r is, the 
6, and the Maſter ; with what Virtues 
rts he ſhould. be endued who governs; 
te beſt form of Government is; by 
means declining and falling Common- 
re ſupported, and the beſt Precepts 
ſereby they are moderated. 
IG. Craſſus does affirm, ** That be cannot 
r'0- be an Orator, who has not learned this 
> pertof Philoſophy. For every. Orati- 
d be of thoſe things which we ought 
which we ought ro ſhun; wherein ſece- 
| our-duty doth confiſt, it follows necefſ3- 
hathe who'is ignorant thereof, ſhould want 
in hus ſpeech. Therefore he ny Ae 
0 pby ! the hide of Life, the 
0 Ar dats Vice, &c. + 
he Opinion -. of the Vulgar is, 
ſo in more mature Age are addiQ- 
dy of Philoſophy, arc Men given 
, and without Experience, and 
pon no account®are fit for Aﬀeirs of 
t; butthey are deceived. For we 
t here of Philoſophy, which con- 


ffs in them ee e16es'sof ihe Minds oral ihoſf 
who: ds: Judgment ſtudy theifa n + an 
are-wiſetxcept in thoſe things wherein the: 
ſhould:be +: But of ſuch:Who: } Joyn Spec tario 
with. | a HRS, Priſcss. ? 


og generous pre: 
relies; 'but did Hedberg the Teachers of -W. 
dom, that: he might be the mote; fortified a- 
gainſt the changes: mo Foriunc,/:and the;more 

able to-ſhow himſelf inthe Common-wealth.” 
Being:Queſtor he was chofen to be the Soni In- 
Law of :PatnsThraſea; be was a good: 
Senator,. Husband, Sdn«in-Law, Friends and 
ſofficient in all the Dutics ok. Humane Life ;zan 
bater of Riches, 8 mai aeyine: of Equity, and 
 conftant in his Duty ik fear, Vhich are 
the true Fapics of wade Philolaphy. 


SubſeRt 3 of oe; Knowledge f the Laws. 


Inghe: mem plecel come to ſpeak. of the 
| knowledge. of the Laws,. which flows from 
this Fotneain: for although the ſecret Obnm- 
cils of: Princes fhould not:be roo muck taken 
vp with deciding of: Controverkes' 
cauſcthe. Laws arcthefirm'and fure-/ 
ons df: Eammon-wealths, :it-were abſurd; tha 
a Councellor or Minifter. of Sate ſhould:beip 


norant,o "them. String you are moſt lexroes 


_— 


'S. oft-times needful to 


fo: judge. 
fuch acauſc be juſt, oc 


* 


# 


{ Hiftory 
- The Philo. 


| oh con y Irarion. For future 
tothdſc whict-are by- . 


"4 
4 Ho ASE IRE IH  CRRTTTHOIO.LGGCMPRLE_EERE£©SAC. HL IST. 


—_— GO .- Es 


Patt 1, Of Conneils and Conneellots; x 
Grecians, doth notwithſtanding ſo ſuperficial 


thenians and Latedemonians, which was almoſt 
che deſtruQion of both Cot and Con- 
quered, that he 'gives no other ſarisfaQtion rg 
the Readers, but the ſimple relation of the 
thing it (elf. 
wealths learn by the example of the Aths - 
amy, to be quiet, ſo long as they can with Hg 
nour atfd Security ; ſeeing Arne fhould be t: fa 
ken vup' to defend, not to difturt the publh 
Peace and Tranquillty. Ms then ior ſuffer 
themſelves to be carried with- che defire 
6f eplargi ng their poomdunndr } ts-the deftruAi 
on of their Native Country;”' Let ther. no! 
make ſtrange Wars their own with a'not&' 
infamy, eng by ſeemiig 1o/affift theit Falk 
make a way for their own ruine.” If uh re doth 
ary controverſie ariſe amongft-their"feiends; 
tet them endeuvour to reconcile'ſuch ratherby 
their Authority-and Council; van bw :eidink 
the-one panty, which often proves Deſtructiy 
toall, : oe To 21+ +: 1730 
But fet'vs cone roche W + of oc 
ne Ctombderet ea] rn ohns 


dro: ! ic hab deck, pf ne many, th Fx \c 
ty. *' ight be: the: cauſe' of 'ohe - poophl 


ron over that moſt famous War twixt the A. 


Bur let Rufers 'of Common. 


ſgrace and 
jon 3 fuch and the ts. one may £ca- 
er. out of the -Hiſtory' of - Lucius 
.* He whp will have the Ex= * 
mple-of an Excellent: Prince, and 
allthe Verives which adorn him, 
the ſtory of Hieren. King of 
yracuſe, * On the 'contrary who 
res.to know the example of Ty- 
ling headelong, deſpiſing all *' 
thing, having his Ears open ' 
of Courtiers, and: ſhut to ſafe 
ecomplaints of the miſerable z 
: the Sons-in-Law of: this good | 
defire to know how much hurt, | 
n can do, . let him conſider what De- 
id with her \Husband: Andronedor. 
reaſufes, and that 
to help. the ſame z 


adviſed the-Scnate and Peo- 
- 0+ contribution ; but ſo as to 
the Temples of their preateſt Gods ; 
ſyck ſacceſs, -t 
my w 

f, and. vacoyn'd, with 


od 


0 
© 


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— —_— — — — _ DR —_——— 


| done, and their ſeveral Circumſtances; bue 
| alſo the Councils, Acts; and Events; wherefore 
! that was done, and this omitted ; wherefars 
"' fomeevents were fortundte, others unfortu+ 
| nate: If anygloriousa@ fall out, whether ic 
was done through Chance and Fortune : or 
; through Virtue and good; Council: * If any 
7 thing fall unhappily out, what could have 
x prevented it; whether the fault was in the 
7 Captain, in the bad conduCt of his Army; in 
7 the ordering of it, in his eneamping, whereby 
* he might have lad an eafie retreat, if \youted, 
and iF viCorjous, what was the cauſe of ir, 6. 
© Let every one endeavour. to know, ſays £6. 
| vinj, * what were the Lives and _ 
| Manners of ,thofe Men, and the © i#:#9 
{ Means in Peace and in War, where- is 4 
by they augmented their Dominions: but 
" Yau may cafily know by -eontrariesy fora 

fittle after he fays, Then Dejcrplen and Ordys dos 


rajing, and Ambition and Diſſenſion creeping is; 
7 they began to run beadtlony, until they cans is 
our times, wherein we can nenher ſouffer our own ji- 
” ces nor thely Remeaies. ts 

Subſet. 5- Of Travel. 


_ hrisalforequiſite for our Counceller; to/ſce 
divers Provinces, and fartious Cities, to learn 


kd - 4 


the Manners and Cuſtomes of many Nations 3 


to know exaQtly their Harbours, Ports, : 
and Rivers, th "TC LIE fiowledge. 


" Is PE (6 tg 
XZ ti} 0 FO LES TR ie nn foe _ : 
SW LP IONS I ot nh 0G II CRE SELLS, TUE fg Lot $ 7 Dok "I 
4 = VE, M853 4 = EY O59; ES de & 
I EIS og Tn oo ST. ON I C g 


LIES 7 hes £ 
=. CS 


| Part 1, Of Councils and Councellors;, 15 


o 


a 


13 of Councils and Councellors, Part 1; 


rſation of great Men, to frequent the 
ourts of: Princes, to know whether thoſe 
Provinces:which he has ſcen arc well. fortifi'd; 
what Wars they have had in former 
times, and upon what occaſion. Let him alſo 
tearn the Power of Neighbour Princes, that 
be may: know whom to fear, and whom to 
ruſt, with whom to cnter into confederacy, 
an that ſo exactly, that none can deceive him 
with any falſe relation, 
-Who doubts but that one ſo travel'd, con- 
og fo long in the Courts of Princes, and 
euecnting the company of the Nobility emi- 
ent or their Virtue,is a more able Councellor, 
in-one, who. ſitting at home, knows no- 
neg What is done in forreign Nations. Ls- 
| vis * obſcrves that a certain Fa- 
 vourite and intimate  Councellor of 
Ling Anrocuus being ignorant of Forraign Af: 
rs. :was the cauſe of his ruine by feriwading 
| himto.make War with the Romans. 


SubſeRt. 6. Of his Eloquence. 


Seeing God has given to Man two moſt pe- 
liar Propertics in the one of which is the force 
 Underitanding, and Judgment, which we. 
callReaſop, in the other the faculty of ſpeak- 
mg ; ith ufjot enough to underſtand aright a nd 
_ Judge prudent! » ualeſs. you can expreſs the 


Therefore 


= 


[Part 1: Of Councils and Councellors, 15 


1 Thereforc it's neceſlary that a Councellor be 
| eloquent, and that he expreſs himſelf readily 
1 upon every ſubject and occaſion : For, it may 
'\ſometimes happen, that he may be ſent to. o- 


[1 
ſ 41 


$ 


/ ther Princes,or States to perſwade or diflwade, 
1to praiſe or accule, to congratulate or threaten, 
lor to ſpeak to the vulgar tobring them from 
Ithcir fury to reaſon, and then a Ceuncellor's 
{Specch ought to be adorn'd with wiſe and grave 
{ſcntences ; yet ſo as not to ſavour of too much 
 {affeRation, but be accomodared'to the ears 0 

the hearers, and that his:arguments and rea- 
.ſons be not far-fetched. 1t's a good 
reward of great pains,ſays Quintilian *% 29: <.7* 
1*20 have the faruley of ſpeaking readily and wittily. 
| What is more effeCtual ta, allure the will, and 
| move the mind, than Eloquence : But in fuch 
- caſes Ido.not commend a tedious and incohe- 


* Vale.” 
Asx.1. 4: 


Part 1; 


a Councetfor do not approve of 
ropes'd, orof the Opinions of 
| iven theirs before him, let 
k at what he ſpeaks againſt the 
m y | deable to prove it by valid and firm 
s. And becavfe there are few who take 
dinion ſhould' be refuted, 

and refpeR in/his words, 
are contentious. Neither let 
t as infallible, Aarrers 


out other-ways + Therefore 

irfie bis Conſcience, Pe- 
any thing in' publick did 
"no word might eſcape him 


3», 245... 58 * : : ah 


de adorn'd eſpecially of |, 

Countries, where his Prince either governs,| 

or. which he uſeth either as his Friends orEne-| 

les. | nowledgei is of great uſe for the bet-| 

ter managing of Forraign Aﬀairs. The ſpeech of| 
" ue. an oo | 


" 


CIA, to the Mech 490 and Pug of 
ach Nation, which not rightly diſtinguiſhed, 

» may make fo great and irreconcilable a reach; 

as 


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| as may poſibly fruſtrate thee intention _-... 
of the conſultation. 7 bewiſtocles * the ® Turar, 
moſt ative Manof his. tume in Greece, and. 
the moſt prudent in-giving and taking Council, 
| when he fled from Athens to the King of Perſia, 
would not declare his mind, before. he Bon 
| learned the Perſian tongue, "that thereby he 
| might be enabled to ſpeak to the King cs Bog 
| an Interpreter, which he gk to be of no 
| ſmall moment. 


| Subſect. 2. Of hs Martial hs 


| And becauſe according to Cicero, al thing's 
| are fironded under the wings of Warlike virtue ; 


*| Let a Councellor leam the Art of We, 'ahd 
| underſtand the Order of Hoerſc and F and 
| the drawing up of an Army : Let him 
| the diſtances of Mountains and Ts. and 

| the ſcituation of Cities, &c. Whar 1s MGocc 

: frequent in the Secret-council of Princes, thas 

>} conſultations of War, of Armies, of « 

"| Proviſions, Stratagems, of fortifying Towns, 

of repelling the ſudden incurſions of Neizh: 

| bouring Enemies, nnd Gepopulations of. Bre- 

vinces. There were none admitted of old into the 
| Romaxe Senate, whoſe Vertue was not famous 
in Peace and War. Ziwar ſpeaks after chzs 
| manner* of Af. P. Catv., The know- -- - 

'f ledpe of the Laws; ſays lic, bas! ade. 2:39 

veneer 082, eloquence anther, und minary ver- 
3 fab 


Of Councils and Cauncellors, Part 1. 


But this Man's Genius was fit for 

” t, that men would have thought he 

een born for that particular affair he went 

boue. Valiant of his hands, and famous in 

many ſignal fights, having thereby ob tain'd 

preat Honour, he was a brave General, great 
tates-man, and good Orator. 


SAY. IL 
Of his Office or Duty. 


E have ſpoken already of the Qual1- 


' fications of a Councellor, innate and 

, now let us come to the Duty of a 

or ; Which doth chiefly conſiſt ia this, 
is Prince and Country with fiacere | 
It's nothing to know aright what | 

e done, or to be eloquent therein, if the 
of the Republick, or any wicked de- | 
did expreſſion of his good | 

t was a Cuſtom of old 

* the Athentans, that when 

2 1n their Aﬀſemblies did 

the Common-wealth, the 

- voice did curfe him and 

7, who did give any bad or perni- 

1, -to the: hurt or. damage of his 

t was the ſaying of a wiſe man, 


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That there was nothing more dangerous than 
quick and" ſable ſpirit, without fidelity and love 
zo bis Prince and Country. We ſhould, ſays A. 
| riſtides to * Themſtocles, not contend 
with private barred, but wbether of * Herodotus. 
#45 can be more beneficial to our 
Country, Admirable was the conſtancy of af- 
feftion which Fabirs Maxmmw did ſhow to his. 
Being cheated by the publick of the money 
which he told down to Hannebal, F 
* ſays YValerins Maximus, for the L3.3.c.8. 
Redecming of Captives, he did 
| notwithſtanding hold his peace. The Se- 
| 7ate did make, contrary to the Laws, Quinn 
Ainutins, Maſter of the Horſe, equal to the 
Dif ator, yet he was ſtill filent. Being more- 
over often injur'd, he remained ſtill the ſame 
man, and did not ſuffer himſelf to be angry at 
{ the Republick. 
{ A Counfſellour ſhould therefore lay aſide ha- 
tred ogainft his Adverſaries, favour” towards 
| his Friends, arrogancy in himſelf, and all pri- 
vatc intereſts, if prejudicial to the publick 
good. All men, ſays Saluſt, who' conſult 0 
dubious matters, ought to be free from batred, 
friendfnip, anger, and pity; for no man canboth 
ſerve his own deſires and the publick good : And 
in another place, Lee the mind, ſays he, in con- 
ſultations be free, obnoxious to neither crimes nor 
lufts, Why ſo? Becauſe it canior\be' that 
one given to vice ſhould not favour'the fame: - 


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| . 4 F % ; : f? ; 4 "X: 1 F _ « 
meetors, Part 1. 
ISNT: hy © ri I, 
4 þ 


he life therefore of a Counccllor be good 
&, which may lerve us a rule to other 
rs, and as an Example to his Prince. 


6s 
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* 


» the people rejected it. 
ver's command a grave old man 
ive the ſame, as pouring it out of a dirty 
fel into a clean one, that it might be accep- 


F 


to the multitude. Vertues and manners, 
s the Philoſopher , conduce much to per- 
. The foundation of perpetual commen- 
and good fame, is goodneſs, fidelity, 
tice, without which nothing can be 
. Let him not therefore be an ha- 
(en, or a calumnmitor , let him 


* 
s.% 


men with injurious words or 
\ublickly or privately. 

alſo ſhould 'be ftill in the mouth of a | 
z for there 1s nothing more baſe | 
gquncellors, who conceal the ſame | 
rice, But truth procureth hatred. 
? He deſerves not the name of a 
who is afraid thereof, Who fears ha- 
ot bow to Govern,(ays Sentce. 
metimes not only bear and comply 
ours of our Prince, but alſo loving- 


+ ES rae 


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e ſame, yet in publick Conſultati- 
{nould never be concealed. The 
zpxactice made Pliny complain, We 
ures, lays he, wherein it's dangerons 
at we would, and diſgraceful I 
wrat 


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F ought to give. their op 
fear in the Senate. 


_ of well-yoing, if the alacrity of the mind be 


pediment obſtruct the free and fincere declara- 


: attention, and a pleaſant counte- 


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| Se we at nt. And - anorher | EE w | 
_ corninends. Traj jan, becauſe he fot 


Councellors to give their opinions freely, and- 
that the firſt ring = et, 29 the beſt. 

Antiſtins Labeo told Auguſtus, that every one 
free, and white 
What doth it ſignifie, to. 
be knowing and experienced in Aﬀairs, and 
to nouriſh good endeavours, and the deſire 


wanting to expreſs the ſame when occaſion 
occurs; or if fear, ſuſpicion, or any other im- 


tion of the heart. 


But if any be found of a timorovs ſpirit he 
ſhould be encouraged by his Prince ; for good 
Princes ought to ſtir up and animare their 
Councellors to ſpeak freely, and ro declare 
unto them that they (Ptiaces) only feek what 
is conducing to the. publick 
fit *,and to hear their opinions with 


* Palo. 


nance. Who doubts but that the freedom of 
good counſel is obftrufted when the Prince is 
angry, and does manifeſt that he hears more 
willingly what pleaſeth than whar is profita- 
ble. The ſafety of that Prince ſays the Hi 
ſtorian, i deſperate, ro whom what i profitable 
{s harſh, and who bears nothing with patience b 
what is ſmoothing. VVhen it was Nicbated © 


pe 
the Roman Senate, whether the Corn brought 


ES 


Ps. 


| 4 lors * Part 4 op 


'(hould be given gras, or ſold for 
Price to the Common-people : Corto- 
ws Hood Up, and told © That they ought not 
nave any thing by way of Gift, that there- 
y they ſhould be the more petulantand laſci- 
vous; that it was better to kold them low 
© with. 


want and penury, whereby they would 
elity be more modeſt, and more ready 
*to go about their duty; that thereby they 
© ſhould employ themſelves * with 
© manuring their Lands,and not with 
©railing and fomenting ſeditions,and 
*that idlegneſs and luxury which 
© proceeds from abundance would 
 ©make the Laws contemned. A no- 
ble and Ariſtocratical opinion , but 
pular. Therefore the Tribunes 


= 


| the ſame in the Senate, did relate 
the people, by whom incontinently a day 

is appointed to Coridlanyu. But he did eaſily 
alelf of his accuſation, though the peo- 


re very much incenſcd againſt him. They 
ledged that Corwolanwm had done no- 
» VVhere is there any li- 


auſe_ he did ſpeak freely and ſincerely, and 
';, Oid leada good and honeft life, free 
from adulation. Heron * uſcd to 


: ſay, T bat there Was 10 man trouble- 


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ſome to bim who ſpoke freely. Severn did not 


only ſhew himfelt courteous and affable to all 
men, but he deſired them alſo to ſpeak free 
ly what they thought, and would argue with 
them without diſdain * or bitter- | 

neſs. Meſſala Valeria being en- I5-rgee mow 
quired by Tiberius |, whether he os "pf —_ 
did give his opinjon by his com- aunat © 
mand or not, did anſwer that it 


| was of his own' accord, and that he would 


never uſe an other Opinion than his own, in 


things belonging to the Common. wealth, And 1 
would adviſea Prince notto truſt 


thoſe who uſe to praiſe f what is P Tacrs bb. 2. 


either good or bad in him. ng. | 

But here a Councellor ought to ſhun two 
extremes ; The one left he confound his free- 
dom of ſpeech with boldneſs and immodeſty, 
which comes to pals, when any obftinate in 
their own-opinion, under colour of freedom, 
doth reflect on others, which ought rather to 


be called petulancy, than ingenious and inno- 


cent freedom. For that which 5s 51nocent bas on- 
iy regard to the publick, good, ſays Tacitus. The 
other is, leſt under pretext of well-doing he 
fall into plain flattery. We ſhall find an Ex- 
ample of ſuch adulation in Plutarch. Hear, 
O Tiberus * Ceſar, for what we 


do all racitly reprehend you, * De deſcrip. a 
[though no man dare dot pu 


h. micor «m5 Ly 
dulator. 


lickly ; you deftroy your body - 
. with 


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; Tor the Republick. Be- 
'fome baſe paraſite, to a 


alſo requiſite for a Councellor to give an 
ntive car, to what-ever is ſpoken in Coun- 
, and by what arguments they coafirm their 
con, left he erre in his anſwers : 
m3 deliring to ſhow, of what moment 
e ſhould be 
rooms, leſt the thoughts 
d be diverte 


OE EIT 


of Councillet him be diligent in medi. | 
uing, and conlidering the 


_ every circumſtance, and 
encies- ia humane aQions ; 
knowledge, and very pro- 
in the adminiſtration of 
* It is moſt requiſite | 
ellor to. uſe this ex- | 
hemay con. 


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| Part. Of Councils and Conncellore. 29 


may be found out by a diligent- foreſight... ” 
And ſeeing many inconveniences. do atife 
from his ignorance of that Commen-wealth 
wherein he ſerves, and whereof he has the 
care; it is requiſite that he know the leaft 
thing belanging thereto, but eſpecially ſuch 
as pertain to the commnnd in which he is : Let 
him conlider the nature of his own and Neighs 
bouring People. Same things are to be re- 
garded in an old and firmly ſettled - Cammon- 
wealth, which is not fo. much expos'd to En- 
vy and Sedition ; and qther things are more 
properly to be - regarded in a new ill-grounded 
ONCe 
| He fſhovld alſo know. the nature of the 
Prince. and Court, thereby to underſtand per- 
| fectly thediſpolitions of other Miniſters and 
| Councellors, what the Command of the 
| Princeis, what Provinces,  Citics, Towns, 
and Forts are under his SubjeCtion, the Scity- 
ation of Places, &c. What is controverted 
in the Principality, with whom, and for 
what cauſes, whereia the People are moſt de- 
lighted, by. what they are fuſtain'd, how they 
are affected toward their Prince, what the 
cuſtomes and ſubſidies of the people are, 
what arc imported and. exported; what his 
Treaſury is, . whether. dig SubjeQs are oppreſſ- 
ed with Taxes or other Burthens ; whether 
they. are rich or poor, wheat number of. Seulgi. 
ers can be raiſed in. particular La. 
what 


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Hoys, Part x: 
nitres, and Confederacies 
other Nations, what can 
y. Aad finally, let him con« 
, thoughts and diligence, 
which neglected, might prove 
the Republick. Who knew the 
the Valgar, 


; alſo of a vigilant and dili- 
| , to catch hold of any ſuddain 
n. - Wherefore we ſce great men have 
to that greatneſs by prudently laying 

good occahons: The Popes of Rowe 


of the Pope of Rome, 
of the K pm of Naples 
ing of 
of Naples by Queen 
glecting ſo good an oce 
that Kingdom with the 
great 


. p | 


did obtain 


Ewe 


av 


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FRA: 


PR Be. LOVE 


COR 


a Toes 


6th ers HE 


Part 1, Of Councils and Conmeellirs, Jr 
great applauſe of the Neopelirancs, ard con- 
ſent of the Pope. There could te more cx- 
amples produc'd : but let theſe ſtffice to excite 
the diligence of a Covncellor, to lay hold &n 
occaſions, where great prudence is needful. 
But it may be irquir'd in this place, whether 
a Councellor or Minifter of Stare ovght to be ſo 
diligent, that he is oblig'd to give his Council to 
his Prince, although he be nor required thereto. 
The inveterate Cuftcm of requiring counſel 
doth move the doubt, becauſe this man who 
intrudes himſelf in giving the ſame ſeems co- 
_ rious, and would have his prudence eſtecmed 
greater than either that of his Prince, or the 
reſt of his fellow-Minifters. As it is not the 
part therefore of a prudent Phylician, to in- 
trude hinſclf to a fick perſon, not being call 
ed, ſo neither that of a Counſellor to a Prince. 
But notwithſtanding this, the more learned 
do think, that in matters of great momenr, 
when neceſſity urgeth, he may fpeak, although 
not required, for the publick good; and there 
is no doubt but that this was obſerved” by thc 
Romane Senators. Is it not gramed, ſays Scap- 
tius to the Conſuls, to ſpeak for the good of the 
| Repwblick; Which notwithitanding will be the 
! more ſcaſonable and fortunate, if a Coun. 
cellor examine diligently. his Council which he 
is togive, left he ſhould be deceived, which 
would be ridiculous ; and then all circumſtan- 


ces, Whether he has ſpoken formerly —_— 
ike 


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cannot afſent with a ſafe 
. himſelf at home that d 
ive in his Duty? T 


t's better not to came ; 


Petec 
cits 
cd to aſſent to a bad Council. But the 
:ontrary is clear from the former queſtion : for 
if I am obliged to give my Council to my 
Ince, though not required, for the Publick 
goods much Jefs can I ſhun asking, It 
is ſo far therefore, from being a lawful cx- 
cuſe, that on the cantrary it obligeth a Coyn- 
cellor * the more to be preſent 
Palew, 5, 4.8, that Day. The Pali as of 
-_ _.._ mare Weighty and difficult Af- 
fairs diſtioguiſheth trize Councellors from o- 
3 -for the former, the more dongerous 
(s are, the moredo they prepare them- 
ſuch, for the good of the Repub- 
he other do withdraw ,, when the 
was written above the. Gate of ghe Roman 


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F * Ty - 
art I. Of Councits 4nd Counce 
? ; =E - 5 oY . S #4 


Senate-hovſe, * Senators qui nec Tk 
aderit, aut Canſa, aut culps, efto. "one Mige? 
| Platarch ſays of CatoT, that be T © Gs a 
| Came always to the Senate, He 
| Was afraid leſt any thing ſhould bave been done 
| through favour in bis abſence. It's the part of 4 
Lood Senator, ſays Cicero, tobe always preſent 71 
| rhe Senate, Should he deſerve the name of 
| a Souldier, who being commanded to fight 
| would ſhun the ſame for any evident danger. 
| Neither let ic move a Councellor that he himſc]f 
| only ſhall be of his own Opinion, and there- 
| fore that his coming to Copncel ſhall be to no 
| effect : Forbeſides, thatthis is no lawful cx- 
| cuſe for his abſence, How, oft I pray you do 
| we ſec, that one has drawg all the reſt of dif- 
| ferent Opinions to his, bythe ſtrength of Rea- 
| ſon and Arguments ; but granting that it were ; 
not ſo, yet it will be ſufficient that he has done 
| his Duty. 


Lhe: 


® 


SECT 1. 


Of his Secrefte, 


| That which next belongs to the Duty of. a 
| Counccllor is,that upon no accompt he divulge 
| any ſecret commited ro him: for if it be hatetul 
| to reveal the Secret iof a Friend, in a private 


| perſon ; how much more is it in a Minter of | 
D State 


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State to divulge the Councels or Determinati- 
ons of his Prince, contrary to his own fideli- | 
| ty. The Law of the Egyprians * 
* Diodor. Sice- did command that Man's Tongue 
bes ib. 38. to be cut out, who did detec 
the Secrets of the Common-| 
h. Ifay Secrets; for there arc ſeveral| 
natters handted in Councels, which are not ſo, | ; 
as the reformation of Manners, the puniſhment| , 
df Vice and Impiety : from the relation of|, 
which there is neither ſcandal nor hurt to be ; 
cared. 7wlygives this excellent commenda-| 


OIFY 
+ 
£5 


i - of Cato: That there was never word eſcap'd| 
p, Whereof be badreaſon to be ſorry afterward.] 

We read that Quins Fabins| 
* Faler. Max Adax. * was reproved by the] 


| 
lib. 2, cap. 1, Conſuls in very ſharp words, for] | 
ſpeaking ſomething concerning] , 


- - 


the third Panick War, which being reſolv'd| | 
PpOr inthe Senate ſecretly, was to be declar'd 


ly after. Theconftancy of Pompey was| 
admirablef,who being Embaſlas| 

+ Val. ax. dor, was intercepted by King | 

lib. 3.3» Gentaws, and being commanded} | 

to reveal the deſigns of thej 

ene Senate, did hold his finger to a burn-} . 

orch, ' by which conſtancy the King de-| 


nents, did inſiſt no-farther thereon, 


SECT.| 


> 
3% & 
: ; : ” 46 Z 
41 .. bl 
ER DM 


[Parr t2 Of Connce!s 4nd Councellors, 35 a 


q SECT, If 
' Of his Fortitude; 


I] From this laſt example it doth appear, .that 
»| a Councellor ought to have a bold and undaunt- 
| ed courage, leſt he be afraid of offending a- 
fi ny, when he is about his Duty. There 5s no- 
| thing more pernicious in a Common-wealth, than 
ſuch a Councellor * who is timo- 
| rous, who fhuns pains and dili- * for de Reg- 
gence, and who too much fears his numinſftirum. 
Life and Fortune, Who is = 
| not diligent doth make no progreſs in Aﬀairs, 
he prolongs them, or leaves the adminiftratts 
| on thereof to wicked Men, and doth accu- 
mulate bufineſs upon buſineſs; who fears dan- 
gers doth confirm the boldneſs of his Enemies. 
The Conncels of timorous men, ſays Tacitus, f 
are wncertain. Aetellus per- 

ceiving the deſigns of the Tri- + 74, -- an 
| baunes of the' people, and with galium. 

| What danger they would burft 

| out tothe prejudice of the Common-wealth, 
-| choſe rather tobe exil'd, than conſent to their 
| Laws. Can any Han be called more conſtant 
then this Man, ſays Valerius Maximus, who - 
| left be ſhould have been forc'd to recal his Opinion, 
ſuffered himſelf rather to be baniſh d bis Country, 
Fe? 23 Wherein 


—_ 


bu PI" IN 2 "OT 5 ds < 


. tt 2 In or of 
2 as © > lb eye” 2 7 CESS 7 . 


. Part; 


wherein be bad obtain'd the greateſt degree of ho- 
nour ? Sylla did enter Rowe armed and con- 
vecning th: 

wie 110 


_— 


b ſays he, 
ditrs, with | 
ed the Senate- 


E is notaſ| 
of any Fortitude whoſe courage doth not | 
idft the greateſt dangers. 
irhſtanding we oughr not co be| 
forgetful of the reverence dueto our Prince: | 
or to give due obſervance and reverence to | 
;, and to be punQtual in our Duty without | 
r, are not inconſiſtent. 

But what we have ſpoken of Conftancy, 
s not ſo tobeund o0d, that a Councellour | 
may not ſometimes change his Opinion upon | 
emergerit cauſe. It is firter ro j- 
+ for the better, than infit*in what is 
egurn. Neither needs he fear the blame | 
: For no ltarned | 


* 


4 


It a conſtant obſtinate perſeverance 
nion Was never commendable in 


* 


Ty 


7 wW ner FYY 


SECT, *1y. 
\ Of his T emperance, 


'J O W neceſlary a vertue this is, will 
_ KA appear from the advantages and bene- 
fits acquired by the due obſervance of it ;, for 
ſhe alone, (like a shilfſu] Pilct) keeps us ſteady 
in the tempeftuous occorrences of weighty 
matters, and makes every faculty of our 


her progreſs; and having toft her rudder rowles 
too and fro ina in a fantaſtick morion, will ſhe 
become drunk with the agitation which has 


 Jull'd 'her fynCtions. aſleep ia vicious ſtupidity, 
| and made her wholly uſfelcſs. 


How difficult a Vertue this is, may be c9l- 


leQted from ſo numerous a varicty of objecks 


of repugnant natures bath exterior and inte- 


| rior, which continually invade the ſenſual fa- 


cultics of the ſoul to embrace them, affording 


| indeed ſuch ſtrong Temptations, as no inter = 
miſhon can well aFord him time to deliberate 


on the refuſal. 


We would adviſe therefore our Councellor 


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Part 1, Of Conneils and Councellors, 357 


| Souls officious in their ſubſerviency to Reaſon, 
| without which the Son} {as a Bark becalav'd ar 
| Sea) ſuffers a vertigo, by the ſuddain flop of 


in the firſt ptace, to ſhun Envy and Ambition, 


as more eſpecially coincident to the corruption 


D 3 7 OM 


hes CASA 


| ellors, Part 1, 
. For ſuch infected with thoſe 
» Carmoe but have more regard to 
ends, than to the Honour of their 
good of their Country, and are 


s the cauſe of their own, and Coun- 
ruction, of which Hiſtory furniſheth 
almoſt innumerable examples. 


n the next place it belongs alſo tothe Duty | 
Councellor, to ſhun Avarice and ſtudy Lis 
. AsAvarice is the root of all evil, 
ty and Beneficence is the root of all | 
You ſhall do a great good, ſays Saluft to | 
ſelf, _ to all mankind, if | 
that be not poſſible, you leſſen | 
For where that takes poſſe ſton, | 
» Food Arts, nor a good Genius | 
eve any force. Andalittle after « But Ava- | 
' vice #3 a cruel and imolerable wild Beaſt, which | 
ftroys Cires, s, Houſes, yea and the 


? 


Oy 


SAM; 


A224 


F 


Lang 


i very Temples of the Gods, mixeth what is Di-| 


Humane, and neither Arms nor Walls 
rder it from penetrating. Marcus Craſſus | 
| the moſt no ©, moſt eloquent, moſt ) 
ied in the Laws; was Chief-Pricft, and} 
richeſt of all the Romans next to Syl,. | 
inſatiable. Avarice did obſcure thoſe ver- | 
If the deſire of private gain, ſays De- | 
nes , do not obſtrult the publick yood, 
me meaſure tolerable for Councellors to | 
but becauſe we ſee or the . pare I 
wſter of State incroaſeth ip righes, 


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' | Part 1. Of Conncils and Councellors, 35 


e | ſo 'mmnch is the Common-wealth depanper med: 
) | Let a Councellor therefore beware of too much 
r 
' 


deſire of gain, for his too weighty Coffers are 
| often the cauſe of his own deftruCtion, 
. | Lethim alſo ſhun Prodigality as much as 
1 | Avarice, Make uſe of ſuch Conneellors, ſays 
| Baſilius, fF who bave governed 
| their own Eſtate well; for how # King James 
can one truſt another with his E- y- bis Soune 
ſtate, who never knew to manage ; fr gm 
5 As ; ; 1n h1s 3a,01. top 
| bes own aright. Great circum Sheow. 
| ſpeflion 65 tobe us'd in Liberality, 
h = Cicero. Our riches ſhould not be ſo cloſely 
| ſhur vp, that benignity cannot open them : 
, | noralways ſo unlock'd as to be open upon e- 
s | very occaſion to all. 


| SECT. I. 
e | 


| Of his Curteous and Aﬀable Deportme xt. 


\ 


| 
| But Meeckneſs, Courtclic, Piety, Bene- 
| | volence towards our Neighbour, and Hoſpi- 
| tality,' are the Concomitants of Liberality. 
, | Let therefore a Councellor be of caſy acceſs, 
| let himencourage the baſhful and timorous ; 
let him hear Strangers with Patience and Civt- 
| liry, andlet not the reaſonable requeſts of any 
| be troubleſom to him, By which procedure 
he ſhall not only do his Duty, but alſo ob- 
"#4 tain 


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alathe poed) 


was much commended Þ+ be- 


tizen at any time his Patronage ; 


al of all Men, made Avarice popular. 

' Great Men uſe to be touch'd with the de- 
fire of Glory above meaſure, from whence 
"Pride and the contempt of others do proceed. 
| A conmtemning Spirit 5g Pride, 
t De Falls Fw ſaysSaluft,f are the Common-evils 
Sous of the Nobility. Therefore I would 

have a Councellor think. fre- 
t Facitns tb. quently, f that all things belong- 
4-Fi/f. ing to Mortals are unconftanr, 


and that the more he has ob- 
tain's, the more uncertain he is therein: that 


Modeſty ana Humility ought not to be con- 
temned by the greateſt of Men; and that God 
is a lover of Humility and an hater of Pride 

\ and Arrogance. If you would meaſure your 
own ſhadow, ſays Archidamus to King Philip, 
who did write proudly and arrogantly to him, 

after his Victory at Chgronea, you ſhall nor 
nd ig one hair greater than before your Victo- 


CHAP. 


will of al Men. AMarens Craſſus | 
t, Flaws is cauſe he did not refuſe any Ci- 


was affable and civil to all, nd | 


FE IG n * L, 


Part 1, "Of Conmeils and Conmrellors, at © 


CHAT, 1% 


Of the Pruadent Deportment of Princes 
1A Conncels. 


UT becauſe jt is not ſufficient to give 
prudent Councel,unlefs the Prince make 
ule of it, and it is as great Wiſdom, amongſt 
the divers Councels of many to diſcern 5 
put in execution what are beſt, as to give 
Councel arighr; for, according tO Cicero, 
there 5s prudence required! as well in taking, as in 
giving Councel. Ic comes oftea to pals, that 
Princesare deceived, to the great prejudice 
of the Republick, who attribute too much ro 
MC adves and their own opinion. Prolomy 
King of <Zgypr, having left Alexandria upon 
ſome controveriie | With his Subs 
zects, did come to Rome to be re- teh 
ſtored to his Ringdom by Powpey Tg 
and Ceſar, Having confulted Cato touching 
this mater, he was freely and ingemoully res 
prehended by him fer deferting ſuch happi- 
veſs, and objecting himſelf ro the affronty, 
briberics, and avaride of tne Roman Nobility, 
and adviſed to regaia the favour of his fub- 
jects. Bur one day waiting "_y at the Gates | 
of one of the Seuators, be 6:4 lament hisig- 


Con- 


lors, Part 1; 


enterpriſe, and that he had refuſ- 
Ce advice. of fo good & Man. . Hanmbal, 
he fled to King Awrrochwe, did adviſe him 
og the Seat of the War, which he 
gegiccted : Burt being o'recome by the Re 
mars, , he aſeifca too late that Hannibal had 
ightly foreſeen, what was abſolutely neceſſa- 
ry $0 have been done. 7 have oft-times heard, 
luys Livius, | rbat be 5s the ry 
Aten who councel: &rifht ; that be 
' #5 the next who can accept, or 
uſe of 4 good Councel; and that be is the 
Liſt of all who can neither give nor receive the 
ſame, But becauſe to be firſt is deni'd us, 
tet us endeavour to be ſecond, and whilſt we 
' learn to command, let vs reſolve to obey the 
Council of prudent men. 

But ſometimes Princes are doubtful, timo- 
rovs, andas Cefar ſays, every thing failr them, 
* and ſown having their fudgment Clear, they are 
a and brought to inconveniences. Which 
Fuecriardin did obſerve in Peter de AMedices 
ſeeking Council and Advice from the Feners- 
«us, who endeavoured therein to ſerve their 
w © + Alſo the Council of Ludovick 
jay be obſerved, whereby he moved the 
King to undertake that Neopolitane cx- 
FICULLL ainſt the ArraJons. 

Gn ret i Jadymenr therefore is needful, not 
y in chooling Councellors, whether they 
F qualige as we have ſpoken of formerly, 
whether 


f Lib. 36. 


Part 1; Of Conneils and Councellors, JY- © 


Whether they have born any publick charge, 
and whether they have ſhown Diligence and 
Fidelity in the adminiſtration thereof ; whe- 
ther they are the heads of any faQtion, left. 
under pretence of Juſtice they revenge pri- 
vate Quarrels with publick Arms 5 but alfo 

| in following Councils. Jr's the greateſt prudence 

| #n humane life, ſays Ariftotle, tro make yood uſe 

| of advice, The words of Mutianus to Veſpa- 

fan are to be obſerved: f Whoſo- 

ever enters into deliberations of + Tacitus lib, . 

great and weighty Affairs, ought 

10 examine whether what is begun, be profitable to 
the Common-wealth, honourable or fei/ible. He 

\ . alſo who Councels muſt be conſidered, whether 

| he adds his own danger to his advice, or to 

whom the chief praiſe redounds. Let him 

| therefore who is to conſult conſider diligently, 

| whether what is canſulted concerns the 

* Councellor directly, for all Councels in a 
mans own caufe are to be ſuſpected ; or whe- 
ther it be honeſt or lawfvu]: for if it deviate from 
honeſty, itis bad : whether it doth principally 
regard the publick good or private profit : 
let him hear patiently what is ſpoken by 
contrary parties, and diſagreeing opinions, 
and obſerve with what Reaſons and Argu- 
ments they are confirmed. If the buſineſs 
ſeem difficult, let him deliberate better, or de- 
fer jt to another time, There 55 10 greater E- 


newy 


_ 
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Conſultations, ſays Livius, than too 
ach beaſt. Too late and unprofitable repentance 

th follow (ich Councels. Therefore the Author 
of the Utopian 0 egy ſays, That 
ee ' nothinos us diſpnted there + the 
V + 5a _ ſame = it's ade 2, the 
ein Councul, but defer'd till the next 
Comncil-day, leſt any ſhould babble 
out what comes firſt in his Afouth, but that be 
may at leiſure excogitate with what Arguments 
he may defend his Opinion, leſt through a per- 
verſe and prepoſterous ſhame, he ſhould rather de- 


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ny 

45 | 

; Of Cones ana Councellors, Part 1; 
f } » Fart 1 
0 


ſtroy the publick, ſafety, than the ſame of bis own 


abiluies, by bis preciputated rather than conjide- 
rate Opinion. - This precept or advice ſeems 
to be taken from the Emperour Severus, who 
after the buſineſs propos'd, did give time to 
his Councellors to deliberate with themſelves 


touching ail Particulars and Circumſtances, 


leſt they ſhould have been forc'd to ſpeak of 
great Afﬀairs without mature deliberation, 
which has alſo been the deftruction of many, 
who deſpiling flow, yet ſecure Councels, did 
embrace contrary ones, | Lan- 
+ Tac. lib. 2, Yentins Medices Duke of Flo- 
annual. rence, did vary when he con- 
" ſulted his Friends, whoſe Fi- 
delity or Conſtancy he ſuſpeted. Whom he 
reſolv'd to admit into his conſultation, he did 
onſult them not together, but. ſeverally ; ſo 
a he found many opinions to agree in one, 


when 
he thought that the beſt, It 


— 


Ls MA AIG ate aet-3 MDs ns 94 ET CO NPEITgy) 
* , CAR ABNES > « . 


I Lg , EO RITETIER TR SEEDS GO 


Part 1. Of Councils and Councellors, as 


It is requiſite alſo for a Prince to know 
every thing done relating to the State in his 
Dominions, leſt he be deceived by bad Coun- 
cellors. But he muſt take heed in the mean 
while that he give not too much credit to ma- 
licious detraCters and tale-bearers: For mere 
lycs and calumnies are often buz'd in the Prin. 
ces ears thereby, ſrom whence do proceed the 
danger , yca deſtruction of the innocent. 
It'sobſcrv'd by wiſc-men, that ſuch perſons 
are never faithful. Says Taci- 
| gus,fthey are «ſort of People found f lib, 4. an. 
| out for Publick Deſtruftion. 
| A Prince ſhould ſuffer his Councellors to give 
their opinion freely, ſo as in the mean while 
. they bejoyn'd amongſt themſelves by mutual 
concord, Factions amonglt States-men are 
ever fatal. The pertinacy of private hatred, 
ſays Tacitus, F dorb often draw | | 
on Publick. Deftruttion. And T #1. eb. 
in another place 7, The hatred of 
the Conſuls tends to the Deſtrutit- 
on of the Common-wealth, Thoſe great Men 
have many followers, to whem they eFily 
joyn themſelves, by whoſe help they exerciſe 
their hatred, to the undoing of many, and 
ſometimes of their Prince and Country to 
boot. 

'1 add 8lſo, that Princes ſhould chooſe 
{ Councellors not through recoinmendations, 
| and friendſh; P, bur ſuch as he knows well, 


qualized 


+lib. 5 annal 


6 Cs Aa 
Sb ors Ea 


t not to diſcard ot 
t great cauſe, the good and 
lors of his predeceſſors, from 
might learn much, very profitable 
3 the eleventh, ,King 
Tance, adviſcd his Sonne Charles not to 
vateany thing in the Government of the 


1 employment. 


and to retain his Ancient Favo- 
-gnd Servants : For he had found by cx- 
that his baniſhing from the Covrr, 
Men of approved vertue, was the only cauſe 


had fall'n into fo many and ſo great 
, and of the War and manifold Con- 


the grea 
and to the State it ſelf 


- — 


+: 


CHAP. V. 


hg 


YV 


Of Aﬀairs deliberated in Councils. 


* 


E have already ſpoken of the Per- 


rated therein. 


ſons in a Council, 
ſomething of Aﬀairs and De- 


it follows that 


Such only arc 


ted in this greatConſiſtory which be- 
Aﬀairs of the Common- 


As thoſe of 


and of the Laws and Magiſtrates, 


of 


| 


OT 


Part I, Of Councils and Counctleri, gy 


Peace and War, of Publick Fidelity, of . 
keeping the Publick Peace, of entriog into 
Leagues and defending the ſame, of the Con- 

|  troverſies of the Grandees, of the Negligence 
| of Magiſtrates and Officers of State, of the 
| Secrets of Embaſſies and the 

| lhhke. T For the Council of , 4 
Princes ought to be buſied with «cx. 
grand Aﬀairs, and not with tri- 

vial Matters, or the ſmall Controverſies of 
private Perſons, W hoſo aſſembles a Coun- 
cil of great and learned men for matters of 
| - fmall moment, may be compared to Aprez, 
| Who having call'd Hemer from the dead did 
| only inquire who were his Parents. 

| But if you delire to know where other bu- 

' fineſs ſhould be handled, ſuch as belong ro 
' theRevenuesand Treaſury of the Prince, to 
| the puniſhment of definquents and the like ? | 
anſwer, there ought to be more Councils ap- 
| Pointed differing in Offices, Buſineſs and Miai- 

| feers. The Spantard has ſeven, ſeparated by ſo 
many Courts within the Rings Palace, that he 
may caſily go to any as Affairs call him. The 
firſt is that of the Exchequer, which has the care 
of the publick Treaſure, and of the Reve- 
 nues of the Empire, of the Tributes and 
Cuſtomes of the Subjects, of what is import=-. 
ed and exported, of the Lands, of the Crown, 
of the ſpoils of Enemies, of Mercnandite, ec. 
The (ſecond is the Court Military, which ts 
empivy'd 


3. 


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empley*'d abour the fortification of Towns, 
| the Cuſtodie of bordering places, the provili- 
on-for Camps and Armics, and theljike. The 
third is for the Proviſion of Victual, and has 
care that ſo much abound, that n art thereof 
ay be ſent to Neighbouring Provinces. The 
The fourth is '* < Court of Law, Whereunto 
I private, civil Controverſies do belong. The 
th is Criminal, whercunto the cognizance of 
rimin Imatters doth pertain, The (rxth is 
zenſdrial, to which the caſtigation of Manners 
Corn mitted. And the laſt is the great Court 
which has the Authority over all the former, 
and hath the care of making and abrogating 
' of Laws. 


CHAP. VI. 
Of the ena of Conxcils 


Hatever man does ſhould always 
be to ſome end, Wheoſo therefore 
I vorant thereof, loſeth the hope of obtain- 
ing the ſame. Our Councils muſt erre, ſays 
Se ene ca, Which have not a Mark, Chereaurs they 
8 direfted, As therefore a Phyſician dorh 


wor to himiclf the health of his Patient, 
d a General Victory ; ſo ſhould a Councelfor 


? Glory of God, and the Honour and good | 
of 


Part z, Of Councils and Councellors, 4g 
_ good of his Prince and Country, It is appae 
| rent enough, by the reading of Ancient Wri- 
ters, that the Roman Senate did chicfly regard, 
what was conducing to the good of the Re- 
publick, tothe profit of the City, and to the 
Common ſafety, Hence you ſee thofe uſual 
forms; E Republica eſſe, alſo, Si quis alter fe- 
| Ciſſet, enum contra rempublicam fallurum, Who 
| rules the Common-wealth, ſays Cicero, ought to 
remember two precepts of Plato; the one is, ſoto 
regard the utility of their Conmry, that what- 
ever they do may tend thereto, forgetting their own 
private sntereſs.Þ The other to have 4 careof the 
whole Body of the Common-wealth, leſt by only de= 
| fending one part, they deſert the reſt: For the 
| adminiſtration of the Republick ſhould cend 
to the profit of thoſe who are to be protected, 
| and not of ſuch to whom their proteQion is 
| intruſted,—( Claudian,) 


T 'k Civem patremque geras, th conſule cunitis. 
Nec tibi, nec tua te moveant, ſed publica vora. 


Thou muft a Father to thy Country De, 
Provide for all, not for thy eli only ; 

If thovu'lt deſerve that every Man ſhould love 
| thee, | 
| Let publick good not private profit mave thee. 


| 3 publick good ſhould be underſtood, not 
| ſo much to belong to the Prince, as to the 
E Common- 


of dnapect and'© thus, Part I, 


Common-wealth. For he himſelf ought to 
1egleC his own private profit if it be contrary 
tothe publick good. Few have « cave of the 
Publick, Honour, ſays Tacitus, which ſhould be 
Choe} AY gs ron dedby « Conncellor, and whereof 
he" Mibomans were very carctyl: For Themi. 
echoes had determined, * NY »his victory over 
Fe Xe -- that Ns Cou untry mould obtain the 
hs tne ip: pal ity of Greece, and for that. end had 
efelved td burn the Flier of the Lacedomonians 
wivitely, that thereby their: Riches and 
rength might be ruin'd-; he did thereſorctell | 
the People, -- he had ſomething to propoſe 
_ of greaf conſequence, and delired them to | 
name one to conſult with him about ir, leſt | 
deing divulg'd by the Multitude it might prove | 
rejudicial to he Common-wealth, whereup- 
on Ariftides was named by the people; who 
after hearing, ſeeing Themsſtocles erre in the 
end, which was the publick honour, did re-| 
late thet his Council was profitable to the Re-j 
publick, but diſhonourable / ard flagitiaus. 
The whole Afſembly did therefore incontinent-| 
ly declare,that that Council was to be rejected, 
which to the addition of command did joynf * 
publick diſhonour. F acitus doth find among] 
the Writers of thoſe times, that the Letters - 
Adgandreſtins were read in the Senate, wherc- 
in he Promiſed the death of Armin, if poy-| 
ſon [ſhould be ſent to him to effect the ſame, 
$ id anſwered by them, that the Rowanes would 
take| 


LA e907 75 © 
FO £ . a. Db SEE! wa ts TEINS TOI" Vis 
Rene it 4 7 Ee ona 
” EE EGS I I SOIT a 
x” Ee, 2 23 


Part 1. Of Councils and Conneellors, 51 


| take Revenge of their Enemies publickly and- 


armed, and not by fraud and murther. What- 


| ever Deeds, (ſays the Lawyer) are againft Re- 
| ligion , Reputation, and Good Manners 
| are upon no accompt to be done by us. 


'| Theſe are(if not allJatleaft the chief jhings 
whit , {Ole 


hi can be 


ſpoKeh penefally of Counts, and 


{ which I have brought to an end,with,l hope,no 


empty brevity, having added the Teſtimo- 
nies of learned Authors. I thetefore leave it 
to the Judgment of the candid and judicious 
Readers. 


—— <2 2c. "I" wat ET "IFC "CO" ns ond _ 
* 
detain... Cath. a. aka. PE 


quently.ſcen, that Courtiers who|P 


* 
& 


es, whereunto they bave 

accuſe the ingraugude of 

ſometimes they impute 
ortunes to the envy of their Fellow- 
- and ſometimes to the blindneſs © 


: and then exclame with Seneca, 


vii invid afortibus, 
equa boni; premia drvids ? 


- 
- ” 


OT WP TT OE OF 


Fes 


Part 2: The COURTIER © 53 


O Unjuſt Fortune, brave Men often find, 
| Rewards unworthy of a noble mind. 


'But for the moſt part in my opinion they com- 
plain without cauſe. For although Princes 
do often beſtow greater Riches and Honours 
| on Paraſites and Flatterers, and do truft {uch 
| more willingly, than thoſe to whom (perhaps) 
| they owe their Life and Scepter : For that 
ſaying of Tacitus is moſt true, That obligation; 
| are acceptable ſo long as they ſeem to be within the 
compaſs of reward, but when they are without he 
| ſame, they procure hatred in lieu of favour. And 
although good and modeſt men are often de- 
luded by the fraud of Wicked Courticrs, by 
whoſe ſecret accuſations, ſays 
| Tacitus,* they are diſgrac'd, be= * 5. 1. 5p. 
ing ignorant thereof, and that 
they may the more caſily be deceived, they are 
[prais'd to their faces; yet notwithftanding 
[men may ſee (for let us always acknowledge 
[the truth) that the effeCts of the evils do pro- 
:(ceed from themſelves, who are the cauſes 
thereof ; becauſe they follow the Court, being 
deſtitute of thoſe Arts, Manners, and Qualih- 
e [cations requiſite in a Courtier. | 
It's a great folly to undertake any thing a- 
bove our reach, and there is hardly ſo bad a 
Prince to be found, who deſires not that his 
\ffairs ſhould be managed with diligence and 
"rudence, and conſequently doth beſtow Ho. 
E 3} NOUrs 


Cs as thee, FR Ta OY Py 
WS ITE FE IENS SOS 
4b nd +4 


Rs Is 
: £1) 9 a 


& The COURTIER Part». 
ours and Rickes on faithful and prudent Mi- 


But Envy,whichi is always the concomitant of 
7ertuc, and follows her as the ſhadow doth 
he body, is often an obſtruction of our ho- 
| endeavours. Let that be granted; Tec | 

' wuſs o'recome that with our prodence, ſays | 

Tacitus. 
| But on inſiſt that the favour of Princes is 

nconftant, and that thoſe who can do all and 

all with them, do often notwithſtanding fall 
into diſgrace , yea and in danger of "heir 
Lives. 


pw 4 -A A -mjmw mm .o0ug wh, ro > Xa tw 


Namque , bes & * ſummo quaſi 
* Lecret. lib, s, fulmen dejicit iftos © 
de. re, wat, MJrroidia, interdum comemptim 
it tartara terre. 


ba % -: 


As if with Thunder ftruck than Envy muſt. C 
What's high cxalted level with the duſt. 4 


Hermeas was of great Authority with An- ( 
riechus * ; yethe was killed in [ 
* Fall. Ly. the ilght and by the approbation | * 
4 of this Prince. Lucius Aleus 
Sejanus was in ſuch favour with | £ 
Twerins * that he made him 
his Collegue in the Empire; 
yet he was adjudg'd to dyc, his Body to be 
thrown into the River Ts and his:Children 
E 4 ro 


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Partz, The COURTIER, x35 


to be murthered, and many others whom for 
brevities ſake | cmit. | 
{ This 1s all true, but if we will take a more 
ſtrict obſervation, we ſhall find that the fayous 
| of Princes is not in it felf deſtructive, bvr ro 
| thoſe who know not how- to uſe the ſame. 
| Men cannot be cautious enough, fays Cur- 
| 28s, * amidſt fo many flatterics 
of Fortune, Intolerable am- *132. 4. 
| bitton and Pride made Hermeas ' 
| hated; treaſon and perfidiouſveſs was the 
| cauſe of Alsus Sejanus's deftrution. Neither 
ought we to admire that in Courtiers, when 
we find that Princes themſelves have been 
brought to ruine on the ſame occaſion. 


| Quid memorem everſas nrbes Regnmnque ruinas ? 

 Inque rogo Creefum Priamumque #n [tore trun- 
cum, 

| Cut nec T roja rogus. Quid Rerxem majus *t #pſo? 


; 


| Naufragium pelago, quid captos agminereges® 


Of ruin'd Kings why ſhould I mention make? 
| The fate of Priam, Creſus at the ſtake. 

| How Yerxes great from as great Shipwrack 

(fled, 


And Kings in triumph often captive led. 


ponderate their aQions, we ſhall find that they 
- E 4 bave 


b- On the contrary, if we behold thofe who 
from a low birth have become famous, and 


TE ISSES. pets 
Eo Ci Ee he AS 


be COURTIER Part2, 
eminently qualified above others. 
tolowy the firft, Hieron, Servine, 
Veſpaſian, the Emperour Probus, 
troman, and many more, who although 
re birth, did notwithſtanding obtain 
novurs, and royal Dignities, by their 
ve and diligence, Great Trees which arc 
1 in growing, ſays Curtins, are cxtirpated 


ko 


in a ſhort time. It's folly for him who aims 


.» 


fruit, not to conſider their height. Be- 
(tin ſtiving to get to their top, you do 
with thoſe Branches you catch'd hold 


CH AF. 


% 


a 
4 


Of his Education, 


lerefore good Education is moſt effcQu- 
2 al, which directs the Councils and De- 
terminations of Men's Lives to the exacteft 
wie of . prudence and true vertue; by which 

atures are corrected and made pliable, Na- 
oguceth youth eaſy to be led cither way, 
when it finds a Guide, it is induc'd to 


o 
*s 


©, 


ither his vitious-or vertuous inclinati- 
| nature conduceth very much, 
tally when cultiyated by an ho- 

neſt 


Cen het is ' 


III 


we 


Part2z: The COURTIER, 57 


neſt Education. He muſt therefore have a 

care Who has noble and high. deſigns, to be 

inſtrufted in all good Arts and Manners, not 

to accultom himſelf to delicate but ſimple 

food, not to idleneſs but labour, not to riot 
_ - but decent parſimony, not to temerity and 

1mpudence, but modeſty and ſweetneſs ; not 
| tolicentiouſneſs but fear and reverence, not 
, | to pleaſures but to the Liberal Sciences. 1 
| wiſh, ſays 2uintilian, that we did not fo abuſe 
| the naturt of our Chilaren , -that tender educati- 
| on, which we call indulgence, breaks the nerves 
| of both body and mina. 

We ſce therefore Plato, that moſt grave 
teacher of vertue, in almoſt all his Dialogues, 
exhorting Parents to educate their Children 
aright. 
 Thovgh this principle unfoldeth many ob- 
| jects neceflary to the forming our preſent ſub. 
| Jet. Yet ſince moſt of them are rather pre. 
| paratives than polliſhments, we will hcre 
paſs by thoſe inſtitutions, that are uſually pro- 
per to the two firſt Ages, infancy and puerili. 
ty. And taking our Courtier in his adole- 
ſcence, propoſe only in reference to our pre. 
ſent ſubject, thoſe diſtinctions requiſite to his 
employment, languages, letters, and travel. 

But becauſe we have ſpoken already of all - 
thoſe in the firſt part, we think it ſuperfluous 
ro inſiſt thereon. Only let not a Courtier be 
ignorant of the knowledge-of Hiſtories, with- 

out 


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ut which a man can hardly obtain the name 
of a grave and prudeut perſon, As an old man is 
ecmed more prudent than a young man, 
ys Quinlan, becauſe he has feen what has 
allen out through the courſe of many years : 
fo we muſt confels that he is the moſt prudent, 
who knows the actions and events, not only 
of his own but of paſt Ages. What is pru- 
dence elſe, but the obſervation of events, and 
of things preſent end future, drawn from what 
is by-paſt. Hiſtory is the mirrour of tivit life, 
where Hero's, Princes, and Nobles, who are 
appointed to Govern, ought to behold them- 
ſelves. To be ſhort, Hiſtory furniſheth us 
not only with Examples of civil prudence, 
but alſo with thoſe of Military Vertue. If 
one would know how to take the occaſions of 
- time and place to fizht, let him 
* Plutarch. read the Lives of * Lyſander and 

Xaniipprs. If he would make uſe 
of warhke ftracagems, let him imitate Temes 
thens, Iphicrates, and Hanmbal; If being vie 
Qtorious he would let the Enemy eſcape, leſt 
EM deſpair ſhould produce boldneſs, lect 


him read the Example of þ Themi- 
.... ., ſbovles to Nerxes, But if any affirm 
that ſuch things canoot be learned by reading, 
only, lct him propoſe to himſelf Lucixe Lu- 
las, whom Cicero writes at his departure 
from. Zeme to have been altogether ignorant 
t military Affairs, but partly by enquiry, 
partly 


TIO ——_— 


Partz. The COURTIER, 59 


partly by reading, he was become fo great a 
Captain when he came into Ajfia, that 145- 
thridates did confeſs he never knew a greater. 


' I only add, ſeeing there are abundance of Hi- 
ftorians, that we muſt chuſe the bel. A. 
mongſt the Grecians, Thucydides, Xenophon, 


Polyhina, Plutarch, and Nicetas were famous. 
Amoogſt the Romans, Livy, Tacitus, Saluit, 
Ceſar, Quintus Curtius, and Suctonius. Of 
modern Hiſtorians, Guicctardine, Coneſtagius, 
Cominus, Sleidan, and Davila are the beſt. 
Theſe are ſo io be read, that we may ob. 
ſerve not only what was done, but upon what 
occaſion, what way, when, and in what 


|  Nateof Aﬀairs. 


CHAP. II. 


Of his ſweetneſs and integrity of Manners 
zn general, 


TO R brevities ſake, which hitherto I have 
greatly affected ; I will forbear to ſpeak 

any more of the reſt of the exerciſes of the mind 
comprehended inLearning,or of the exerciſes of 
the Body, as riding, fencing, dancing and the 
like, of. all which our Covrtier ſhould not be 
1gnorant, and only inſiſt, though ſuccinAly, - 
iS 


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lity and manners, which 
ament of humane life, and 
ures the deſerved love and admira- 


of the. body attracts the eyes of men, ſo a 
t and courteous nature gains the hearts 
ions of every one. As barſh wine, 
to the taſte; ſo are 
ruſtich, manners to converſation. 


ECGY, L 
Of his Gate, Speech and Habit, 


It is not ſufficient to do,fays the Hiſtorian, but 
it's alſo requiſite to do with a grace. Let not 
therefore the Gate of a Courtier incline to le- 

 vity or vanity, but lctit be grave without af- 
iO. 

d becauſc the ſpeech is the Character of 
ind, he ſhall obſerve a decorum therein, 
crſons, Times and Place, that he may 
tinently, and after a different manner 
quals and Inferjiours. For this 


in ſpeaking is a ſign of the interiour 
ch cannot be perpetusl, unleſs it 
mſuch an excellent inclination of 
uch can be feigned in the Car- 


ech, which arc 


tionof all. For as the beauty and comelineſs 


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Partz, The COURTIE X &r 
be of any long continuance. 
And as to the habit, let every thing be avoid- 


_ ed that may therein effeminate : whoſo has too 


. 
« 
. 


| 


reat a care of his Body, ſays a Divine, neg- 
ſes his Sou), Let the habit of a Covrtier be 
agreeable with a decency to the Country and 
Court wherein he hives, handſom and faſhio- 
nable without affeCtation , which he ſhould 


change according to the Place, Cauſe, Age, 
or Time. 


SubſcQ. 1. Of his Deportment towards his 
Prence. 


W hat we have already ſpoken is of great 
moment in our Courtier, but what ſhall follow 


| will be of far greater, and the more accuratcly 


to be obſerved,becauſe we ſce many erre there- 
"a 
| Firſt we ſhall ſhow how a Courtier ought. to 
carry himſelf to his Prince, then to his Equals, 
therein to ſhun envy as much as poſſible may 
be, and laftly with what vertues he ſhould be 
endued. 

Above all things I admoniſh our Courtier to 


| beſuchin effe, as he would dcfire to ſeem to 


his Prince and others, and let not his Tongue 
diflent from his Heart. He 5: as great an E- 
nemy to me, ſays Homer, as the Gates of Hell, 
Who ſpeaks one thing and thinks another. No 
Lye grows old, ſays Euripides. And as the 


ious 


OI a * 


 Pajt.2 


» 


follow falſe plea- 

our; and real 
To omit, that it is 4» 
iſtian-piety, which confiſts wholly 
in the ſimplicity of the mind. | 


ans off mn wiima, fongere vultum, 
probe : Net quvel fallere neſcu, 
, fern Sapiens nomen in aula. 


. 


of wiſc in Courte'rc to obtain. | 


= 


7. Of bis 


Whew 


and Diligence. 


s Fondation, I ſay that Af- 
and Diligence arc neceſſarily tequiſite 
ouirti "bis 3; clviefly to be regarded 
fro; there 5s notbk 
atever fa 


reſt are c 


rd in what we h 


ontain'd 


8 


WU 


> wt AN ” , neva m1 
CFR £19 


Fortune, Butit's far better to have obtain'd 
what is glorious and honourable, by our own 
induſtry ; for the former happens to good and 
bad, but the other, (according to Demoſthenes) 
ro none but generous and brave ſpirits, We ſee 
Courtiers oft-times complain, that being very 
obſervant of their Prince, they are notwith- 
4M in little favour, and how ſhould thar 
| be? 
* . The Anſiver is calie, for when the Sun 
ſhines on divers Edifices, thoſe ſeem molt il. 
luftrious who have the greateft Glaſslights : 
ſo Princes adyance, ſuch Courtiers moſt, who 
by vertue and diligence are the moſt fit for the 
-adminiſtration of Aﬀairs. By diligence there- 
fore a Counticr will obtsin that his Prince 
make frequent uſe of him, for ſuch they fa- 
vour more than others. 7t'; za wonder, ſays 
Demoſthenes, that he whe refuſeth no pains, is 
always preſent upon every occaſion, and negletts 
' not the = _— x _ — bis de- 
res before others, things out proſpe- 
as ſays f Saluſt, by watchang, De 
doing , and conſulting aright, | Cato apud 
but when you addiit your ſelf to Salnſivims. 
| lazineſs and idleneſs, you ſhall tn 

vain implore the angry Gods. | 
We call him a diligent Courtier who. feb 
dom removes his thoughts from what is com- 
' mitted to his charge, who makes it his only 
care that his Prince reccive no prejudice, - , 

o6h 


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Part *. The COURTIER, 63 ] 


res no pains nor dangers, but rather 
a perpetual watch, who if he 
other Prince, obſerves his nature 
, his ſtrength and power, his 
and treaſure, his Confederates and 
is form of Government, 

fo muchof the diligence of our Cour- 
reit'sto be obſerved, that the leaſt 
remote from oftentation, 
dable. As Paterculus ob- 
0; that he did what was to 
oiſe. As on the contrary, 
s curiofity renders men hateful. Tobe 
ro, 8820 defire to know what doth 
denotes bim to be a 


communicate 
ar your ſecrets, ſays he. Itis 
ning to know the ſecrets of 
are always jealous of ſuch 

herefore our Cour- 
ſecrets of his Prince 
uch as he is intruſted 


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their Rings with admirable fidelity x no fear 
6r hope could draw one ſyllable thereof from 
them, and a man cannot undergo great Aﬀairs, 
tu whom it's a trouble to hold his tongue, ſays Cur- 
tius: They are ridiculous, who out of an 
oftentative vanity, rejoyce to rElate what is 
doe every day in the Cabinet-covyncil of their 
Prince, that thereby they may ſhow how much 
they are in favour with him. A certain Athe- 
man did invite the Embaſſadors of King Phs- 
- tipo his houſe, and ſome Philoſophers, amongft 

 whioth Zeno was onepand when all were merry 
and atgued much upon ſeveral Subje&ts, Zens 
| in themean while was ftill Glent, Which the 

 Embaſſadours perceiving, did ask him what 
| they ſhould relate to their King, Thar you 
| have ſeen , anſwers Zeno, an old man at 
Athens who knew bow to be filent among t Cups. 
It is praiſe worthy to ſpeak well, but js 
deſerves no leſs praiſe to know when to be 
filent. When Ariſteele.ſent Calsfftrnes his Scho- 
lar and Kinſman to Alexander, he did admo- 


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niſh him 'to ſpeak ſeldom, and prudently to 
Þ} him, who had the power of lfe and death 
upon his (ONgUCe W hich advice rejected oy 
Califtines, was: the cauie * of » 


his deſtruction.» * Curtins. 
In thenent place | would ad» 

viſe our Courtier, to make as honourabie men» 
tion'of his former Mafter (ib he has bad apy ) 
avif the wereyetalve; and not w tomplain 
KH | 7 0s: 


It acceptable to 
iſe he ſhall fall into two 


the other he 
ers own fault, that he was 
vour with his former 


ri. 3. Of bis love and 
-x* Prince. 


Ps % 


annot be ſeparated from the 
Fire, cold from Ice, nor Snow | 
eſs, fo cannot benevol 


Es te 74 


FO RE IJ 


w 


ESTES 


let a Cour- 
his-power to | 
hat he loves hun, | 
£ ro the Proverb) begets love. 


REES 5s xr 


"by whom we know We are no 
, and have our depec 


. 


ſins of this affeQion towards 


| tas occaſion requires, 
watters of .great moment, ax. to 
EnIEnces, OT lay-down your very 
rince; bur alſo 1n leſſer con- 


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TIS Y, © 4 ” 


Parts, The COURTIER 67 


and to obſerve to what Fn is nagprally in- 
clined, Hiſtories ſhew, by many Ex zample: 
how much Arifetle did know the nature an 
inclinations of Alexander. And T acitns ſays, 
| that Sejenns knew exactly the nature of Ti- 
berius, 
| The ſigns of love are theſe, to honour and 
| reſpect not only the Prince himſelf, but all 
| choſe whom he favours, to be ſo ſybſervient to 
the humour of his Mafter, to ſhun the ſociety 
| of thoſe whom he ſuſpeRs, providing he a- 
void flattery and affeation. 


Diviſ. 4. Of flatter) and affetation. 


|; Flattery i is the ſign of a lying, baſe, ſervile 
| ſpirit, hateful to private men, ang. prejudi- 
| cial to Princes, whom: irinfatuates and brings 
| often toruine. Therefore as we ſee them fe- 
| verely puniſhed who throw poyſon into pub- 
lick Springs, fo! ſhould they alſo, who by 
their adulation corrupt their Prince and Ma» 


* | ſter, and draw him from the udy of equity 
* | to wickedneſs, and from continency to follow 
5 | his luRful inclinations. For the Prince is as a 
? | Fountain, from which the Laws flow, and 
joſtice is required; in him Examples of Ver- 


true ſhould be found ; from him aid is implo- 
red agaiuſt wicked f men, and 
from him thexeward of Vertve t Agqpincs, 
Few. - | 

F 2 The 


TIER, Partz, 


© ©O 


4a 


adulation, which 
ly add two di 
That ſeeing proſperous Galt 
ways breath in the Courts of 'Prin- 
, we ſhould, when they do, catch: hol 
occafion. The other 4s, when you 
to delire any thing from*your Prince, thoſe 
ings 'wre-ro be required, which he can be- | 
tow with the lcaft cxpencc. | 


* 
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"- Now let vs proſccute in few words what a 
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let him ſhun as much as 
ch he 


2 


can every accident by w 


« 


wrath of his Companions. If 


by his Prince, Tet him not for- 
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him not obftinately hinder the 
5 let him not bale his Friends, | 

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| Part2i” The COURTIER, og © 
always diligently for what cauſe, in what com- 


pany, againſt whom, and what is ſpoken. 
A Courtier ſhould beware that he vſe not 
any petulant or proud expreſſion, not befitting 
the time, place, ot perſons. 

Next, Let him beware of Flatterers and 
Diflemblers, for thoſe do inſinuate themſelves 


to pry into mens ſecrets, that upon occaſion 


they may obſtruct their deſigns ; and it-is ve- 


ry difficult to diſtinguiſh fuch men from true 


| friends : for, according to Quintilsarn, it's the 


greateſt Art to conceal diſſimulation cunning- 
ly. Notwithſtanding, if our Covrticr will 


| uſe great circumſpeCtion, learn to know him» 
| ſelf, and diſtinguiſh prudently his true friends, 
he ſhall eaſily detect the artifice of Difſem- 
| blers, Who therefore do extol hyperbolically 
your wit, vertue, and courtefie, and who co- 
| ver. your Vices with contrary vertues ? who 


call Temerity Fortitude, Negligence Clemen- 


cy, Prodigality Magnificeace, and that al- 


ways to your face; ſuch you may juſtly ſu- 
ſpect. 


Hunc quem vina tibs,quem menſa paravit amicum, 


Efſe putas fide pelius amicuia ? (te: 


Vinum amat & cyathos &- ſumma & oftrea, non 
Swublato vino, nullus amicuserit? 


Think you that friendſhip always will indure, 


'Which wine and dainties only dis procure ? 


3 He 


thy felf ; ther 
'E thy friend io 


Let him be cautious therefore in chooſing a 
g, bur ſo a ndeavour to obtain the | 


eaſily do, if he be 


| SECT. II. 
| f his Vertues. 


op 


Now it remains that we ſpeak of the Ver- 
herewith our Courtier ſhould be qua- |. 
is nothing which allores more | 
of Men. We love thoſe in ſome re- 
Tully, for their vertne, whom we | 
as ſcen; Who doth not bate | 
e, and cruelty? For there is no |. 
agitious, who would not deſire to have 
what he has obtain'd by wickedneſs, 
a Crime; for the baſcneſs of the guilt 
wch affect thoſewho are addifted to 
cothemſelves,and d 
i- | 
Aad although all the vertucs ſhould al- 
, and make us love thoſe whom we ſce 
herewith : yet ſome are more becom- 
ing to the ſeveral qualities and 
; conditions | 


Part 2. The COURTIBR; Tr 


cotditions of Men. As for example, magni- 
ficence becomes a Prince, but not a Plebeian, 


Subſet. 1. Of bis Fortitude. 


| Firſt Fortitude is required in our Courtier, 
| that if it be neceflary he may with an un- 
 daunted mind offer himſelf to dangers for his 

Prince, his Country and himſelf. For as the 
Palm-tree doth not bow down when any 
weight hangs thereon, but of it's own accord 
raiſes it ſelf up againſt its burthen ; ſo the 
more a gallant ſpirit is oppreſs*d with buſineſs 
or the aſſaults of Fortune, the more doth he 
remain erected and undaunted, as Pliny pru- 


| .dently obſerves. Let not our Covrtier fear 


| too much what can befal him; Tet him ſuffer. 
{ unfortunate accidents patiently, and let tim 


| notdo any thing with a timorous and faint 


| hearr. 
Subſect. 2. Of his Temperance. 


But pleaſure is the mother of allevil, by 
whoſe flatteries what is good by nature is cor- 
rupted : Hence Tully no lefs truly than clo- 
-_ » Who ave led away with pleaſures, 
ſayes be, and give themſelves to the alluremems 
of vices and F «ſhoneſt _- ;res, let not ſuch endea- 
. | our ts attain to honours, nor meddle with #be 

| Common-wealth; let brave ſpirits ſafer peins 


F 4 for 


p! 16.5 we 
xy) - 4 Vs, REC 
bY Na 21 
OTA Ids HL OG 
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"aft 2. 


let them” Þhijoy their laty 
saleneſs. Lhcrefore 'it's abſolutely neceſſary 
that © our © Cartier be temperate. Temperance, 
ſays Seneca, commaridsgover pleaſures, &c. 
Xenophanes ſaid, that nothing 'bad could proceed 
ow that man, 'who had ſtudied. and embrated. 
rance,. No voluptuous pleaſures deceive 
temperate man; he keeps his Hands, Eyes, 
and Heart free from what doth not concern 
bim ; is not inſnarcd with the pleaſures of 
vice; lives ſparingly , continently, ſtrictly, 
and ſoberly. Moreover this vertuec is the Mo- 
ther of good health; as on the contrary in- 
temperance is the cauſe of ſickneſs and death. 
"wo tbings ( ſays Cornificius ro Herennivs } 
moves men. mntſ to wickedneſs, Luxury and Ava: 
rite. Whores: arc fatal p'erſures; fly from 
hem if you be wiſe. Caiws Gracchns upon his 
return from S47 45114 told the Romanes, thothe 
had ſo lived in the Province, that no man 
CT Iy Rc had caken a Farching in Gifts or 
3508: that. any ' Whore had entred his 


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Jov lc for two years Go he haJ been there. I 
lon TE the words of Seneca concerning 
i doth anclude and deteft every vice, 
remours which curbs bad deſigns ; 
ben .to8 much Wine intoxicates the brain, what 
evil did formerly lurk burſts then out : then 
re- Maſter doth not wait for a private room, 
1.t# bis luſt whatever it deſires ;, then the 
P-R009 profeſs and publiſh his faults, _ 
fre 


the petulan t- doth ' CONFALN nemther Tong He , Por 
Hands: Pride grows inthe inſolent, and cruetty 
1 the fierce, &-c.' Andalittle after, Bur conſider, 
ſays he, whet miſchief this Vice has done, It bas de- 
livered fierce and War-like Nations to their E- 
nemses; It bas ruin d invincible Armies, and 
deſtrojed conquering Princes. Travels, Fights, 
Rovers falling from unknown places, Seas, cold 
Winters, Dangers and Difficulties ſuffered A- 
lexander to live. But exceſs of drinking did de- 
ſtroy him. 


CH AP. 11I. 


whether an Embaſſador may exceed the 


bounds of his Infiruttions. 


JD Ecavſe Princes do ofcen employ Courtiers 
AD in Embaſſies , I will only move one 
queſtion, which I think not alrogether imper:- 
tinent in this place, though it has little cobe- 
reace with our precedent diſcourſe, and that 
is, Whether an Embaſſador may go beyond 
the limits of his loſtructions, if any thing fall 
out to the advantage of his Prince, whereof 
he was ignorant when he the Prince did give 
him his Inſtructions. The cauſe of the doubt 
is, that he who gocs beyond the limuts of his 

| commiſhoo, 


& 


, feems to | 'cofitemn hls 
t00 


much of himſelf or his 
doth. nvt ſucceed proſpe- 
the blame of diſobedi- 
t. But if 
he benefit of 
ortune. . In. the. ad ration therefore of 
aublick Aﬀaicrs, it was a crime to do contrar' 


ro what was' commanded, though done wi 
ertuve, Valour, and Succeſs. 


Which Aan- 
| . tus Torguatns did teach by a fad 
Lib. 3. Example}, but profitable to 


s | Youth in following Ages. I ſhall 


add another of Craſſus Mmtianus, who 
Siege of a certain Town, ſtanding in 


\% 


ecd of a ſtrong Beam ro his battering Ram, 
1d write ro an Architect to fend him the 
igger of two Mafts which he had ſecn by 

ho confidering the thing, did ſeadthe 


rithe man, and 
eaſons, commanded him 
ed to. death: a ſevere command 
> ſay, for the Artiſt thought he had 
the beſt , by the Precepts of Art, | 
would grant that, if Craſſus had asked Coun- 
ſel and not Obedience. The Office of him 
is corrupted and diflolved, 
ſays 


T3 


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ſays Agellins, if any anſwer to what he is 
commanded *'with unrequired Counſel, and 
not with due obedience, From which it may 
be concluded. that nothivg ought to be done or 
ſaid but what was commanded by the Prince. 
But I think/thet this Queftion ſhould be deci- 
ded thus : Either he bas time to advertiſe his 
Prince of any new emergent buſineſs, and 
may expect other [nftruCtions ; or the thing it 
ſelf canupon no account be deferred, fn the 
former Gaſes + doubt not but the 
Princefſhould be informed there- + Otavins 
of. But if the buſineſs admit not A4agius. 
of that delayzit's better toadhere - 

to his inftruQtions. It can hardly be expreſſed 
how much diſobedience diſpleaſeth Princes. 
But if the matter be of great conſequence; 
the hurt which may proceed from thence muft 
be conſidered diligently, and care muſt be had 
that he be not deceived in his opinion, and 
then that courſe muſt be taken which tends 
to the manifeſt profit and honour of his Prince, 
the cauſes whereof muſt be preſently fignified 
to him by Letters. Burt if the profic be dubi- 
ous, he muſt not do any thing eafily beyond 
| his Commiſhon ; leſt he endanger his fame- 
and reputation, if any thing fall out unfortus 
nately. For Princes uſe to obſerve, not the 
AQtions, but the Events thereof. 


The end of the ſecond Part. 
OF 


\ Partz. The COURTIER Fo 


ARTIAL PROWESS 


| AND 


The INTRODUCTION. 


_ ” : 


Any Men: are perſwaded that the an- 
. Cient Writers have treated ſo grave- 
d accurately of every thing belonging 
wuman life, that there is no ſubject almoſt 
to aiter-ages,. (though perhaps no leſs 
ned) wherein to exerciſe their Wit, 
, and Learning ;, concluding it moſt?ne- 
to admire, believe, and reſt in Anti- 
: Yet, as the honour of doing valiant- 
obbery of the Hero's of ancient 
tim 5, * Þut their fortitude rather ſet as an ex- 
le to be imitated by brave Martial Spi- 
; ſothe Learning of the Ancjents ſhould 


* 


Er — Y %. 1 
ak x _ FS. 
DER 4 lh SR BO can apo 4c PN "24G 
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ww 


Part3; Of Martial Proweſs, &c, 55 
not be neglected, but ſhould move Men qua- 
lied with literature, not only to follow their 
footſteps, but animate us, if poſlible, to ex- 
| ceed them for the benefit of our Age and 
_ Country. | Now, though I (for my part) 
come far ſhort of the Ancients 1n <ither ; 
yet I hope 1ſhall be pardoned if I, alittle, in 
this third and laſt part of my diſcourſe, en- 
=" what I think neceſſary for publick 
good. 
Seeing therefore it's often inquired, whe- 
ther Mars or Minerva 1s the more profitable 
to Mankind, and whether Souldiers or 
 Gown-men ought to have the precedency : 
We ſhall in ſhort declare what is probably 
and uſually alledged on both ſides, for the ſa- 
tisfaCtion of thoſe to whom the naked truth 
11s more acceptalfe than common opinion, 
whereas | hopeI may, in- ſome meaſure, an- 
{wer the expectation of the curious, as alſo 
confirm my ſelf in the love of virtue, _ 
When this viſible World could not ſubſiſt 
without order, and human pravity grew day- 
ly to be the moſF Potent, God,after the Flood, 
ordained politick Government and Princi- 
palities, to contain the rebellious in their dv- 
ty, and to puniſh publick Enemies endeayour- 
ing the deſtruction of Mankind; and then. 
through proceſs of time Families were col- 
le&ed inone Society, Laws were eſtabliſhed, 
and Judges and Governours were POT 
E- | | An 


of Martial Proweſs Part 3. 


And i Ms uſe. God aud Nature did endue e- 
ery. man with a'gift to- exerciſe ſome pecu- | 
iar Art, Faculty, or Science; and that there | 
nan who doth not ſtand i in need of the 
help of another, divers Degrees 
Orders of Societies were af- 
terwards appointed , which be- 
ing ſociably joyn'd amongſt 
Oni. themſelves, at length made a 
Po City or Commonwealth , ſuch as 
are mentioned by Plato , Ariſtorle , X enophony 
and Palybizs. Yet it is molt certain, that Mi- 
litary-Virtue and Learning did exceed all 0- 
ther Faculties, invented either to ſuſtainor a- 
dorn Civil Lite. 


- gs 


2 
wigs 


CHAP, L 


whether Mars or Minerva. are tobe pre- 
ed 


7 Ut althoug h a Commonwealth ſtand in 
I; need of RD alike, and both ought e- 
qually to be honoured; yet it has come to 
pals, through Pride and Ambition, ( which 
two Vices ſprung chiefly from the deprayati- 
on of Humane Nature ) that Military men 
ve not ſo much deſerved , as uſurp:d the 
place, having. deſpiſed and contemned 
thoſe, 


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| Part 3, and Learnipg. 


BY 


thoſe, who applying themſelves to Learning 
| with no leſs pains and danger, have done ex- 
| cellent ſervice to their Country. On the 
| contrary, Learned men complain, that they 
'Þ are defrauded of their due honour, and en- 
| deayour to recover the lame : It is neceſſary 
| therefore to ſearch out the Reaſons of this 
Controverlie. 
We come now to the Arguments of both 
| Parties : The firſt for the Military Preroga- 
| tive 1sthought to be Antzquity ; for Nimrod, 
| the Sonof Chus, by his Martial Proweſs ſub- 
dued Nations, and brought in the uſe of 


Arms. | _ 
| An other ver Long Argument is , that 
| Empires are commanded by Arms, as with a 


Bridle, and ſo tranſmitted to Poſterity , of 
| which we are furniſhed with almoſt innu- 
| Merable examples out of Hiſtories, as well 
| Sacred as Prophane. But the moſt remarka- 
ble is, the counſel of Panſa *nd Hircins , 
| which Experience proved. - Thoſe men did 
| perſwade Fulins Ceſar to govern by Arms 
| the Empire of Rome obtain'd by his Martial 
| Virtue ; when he by doing the contrary, was 
the cauſe of his own deſtruction. 
/ Thirdly, they ſay, by Arms our Country is 
|. deferded; and when our Enemies are 0're- 
| come, and all danger remoyed , a general 
ſafety is procured. Examples are in readi- 
| nels to any read in Hiſtory. On the *con- 
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in <xpo &d to thi Rapine of Enemies. Poor 
per gives an cxampleof this; and ma- 
ak that the boldneſs of the Twrk, had 
zeceeced fo far, if Ladliſlans the Suc- 

reflor of Mathias Corvinus in that Kingdom, 
d obſerved more diligently Military Diſci- 


be urthly, It makes much for Souldiers, 
hat the World admires Power , War-like 
3k ry, and Trim ks ; which becauſe noto- 

Fifthly . The Ate Military conliits in the 
aQtive part , when the knowledge of Learn- 
ing is-only buſied with meer Contemplation ; 
rherefe Ire Martial Prowels is the more ho- 


Six bly and laſtly , Brave War-like actions 
make men immoral , and therefore the 
more to be eſteemed. 
 Fanfwer ro*what | was ſpoken in the firſt 
laceof Antiquity , that it is very much con- 
TO ered ; whether Learning had its Birth 
fter the expiliion of Nimrod, who began 
Reign in Babylon, or invented by the e£- 
thiopians,, as Diodorks Siculus alerts in his 
fourth Book_, or taught firſt by 
Moſes,according to * Euſcbing 
For Foſephus in his firſt Book 
of Antiquity lays, that Letters were in uſe 
elite the Flood; and that the Sans of .Serhy 


| ; 2B. O& x ©, 


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Part 3, and Learning, Ir 


the Son of Adam, did write in two Pillars, one 
of Stone, and the other of Brick , the nature 
| of the Heavens, and the motion of the Stars. 
| Epigenes alſo makes mention, that there were 
Obſervations of the Stars many years before 
the Flood ; from which it appears, that the uſe 
| of Letters 'has been from the beginning, which 
| are the words of Pliny in the ſeventh Book of 
| his Natural Hiſtory, It might therefore be, 
| that Moſes or yp 6 , to whom Philo attri- 
| butes the invention of Letters, did reftore. 
| thoſe again which periſhed in the Flood, which 
| were transferred from the Syrians to the Phe- 
| nicians, and from them to the Grecians by 
| Cad: : and then inriched and further propa- 
| gated by Palamedes in the. .time of the Trojare 
| War. Butto conclude, it's agreed upon, that 
' time only doth not introduce true Pre-emi- 
nence, that Excellency which is requiſite be- 
| ing wanting. 
| The ſecond Argument i 1s refuted thus, Arms 
| only are not ſufficient, nor are great exploits 
| done by them only. Moreover in time of War 
| when Martial proweſs doth act, barbarity 
| reigns, Countries are laid waſte, Jultice neg 
Kay and horrid Cruelties committed. 1t4» 
| by of old, the Miſtreſs of the Univerſe, dtd 
| give a moſt clear teſtimony of this, when ir 
| was delacerated ſo milcrably by thoſe Nor- 
| thern People the Goths, Huns, Vandals, and 
Lombards On the contrary, in time of Peace 
CG "Leanne 


— Re EE EN OTC TN TOTES VL INT FOTO OS 


V2 Of Martial Proweſs Part 3.| 
Learning flouriſheth, and Juſtice is admini-| 
fired. Moreover Aﬀairs happen often, which | 
require learning and prudence more than| 
armed force. Hence 1s that of Crcero in his} 
firſt Book de Officiss, Cedant arma tops, con-| 
cedat laurea lingue, that is, Let Arms pivel 
place to the Gown, and let the Lanreat Soul-| 
dier give place to the eloquent Orator. Neither| 
when the Sword rages can Princes want the in- | 
duftry of Icarned men, for in declaring, ma- 
naging, and ending the War, there is great 
need of ſuch. Wherefore the ancient Grecs- | 


IA 


an did ſo join both Arts together, that theres | 
by they not only overcame the Perſians, but | 
alſo ſubdued other Warlike Nations. The 
"Romans famous for their Martial Valour were | 
alſo no leſs learned : for ( according to the} 
Comick Poet) its nothing to be brave abroad, 
unleſs men be wiſc at home. And as reaſon | 
and judgment are more excellent than the | 
firergth of the body, or boldneſs in fight : | 
So a Scholar is more to be honoured than a | 
Souldier. John Galeaſs Duke of Millan, be-N 
ing an Encmy of the Florentsnes, uſcd to ſay, © 
That be received more burt by the Letters of | 
Collutius Picrius, thay by a thouſand armed? 
Souldiers. To confirm which, we ſhall bring! 
in that ſaying of the moſt wiſe Cato in his| 
Oration egainſt Catoline; Non ſolis armis Reſ-| 
publics Romana crevit , ſedalia furre que illes 
megnos fecere, doms induſtria, forts juſtum tm-| 


, 


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| Part 3. and Learning. 


perium, animns in con{ulendo liber, neque delifto 


| zeque libidans obnoxius. The Roman Common=- 
| wealth did not increaſe by Arms only, but 
$ | there were other things which made it great ; 
{ induſtry at home , a juſt command abroad, 
! freedom in Conſultations, obnoxious to nei- 
| ther Crimes nor unlawful deſires. Flor ſays, 

| That Empires were obtained by ſtrength, but 
1 preſerved by equity and juſtice. Wiſe Antiqui- 


ty mage uſe of the Fiction of Pallas, whom 


they made the Pre/es of War and Learning. 


Thirdly, It was argued for Military Vir- 


! tue, thar our Country was defended by Arms. 
| We grant this partly, but yet not by Arms 
j only, as appears from what is already ſpo- 
| Ken, For if defence ( according to the anci- 


cnc Military Law) is better than offence, it 
certainly conſifts more in counſel and pru- 
dence, than in fighting. It has been the de- 


ftrution of many, and of their Country al 


ſo, totruſt to the hazard of a Battel. \ gain, 
Arms are more cafily taken up, thau laid 


' down; therefore its moſt uncertain to Pur 


confidence in Arms only, 
Fourthly, it was argued for martial proweſs, 


that War-like Glory is in greater admiration 
than Learning. To whic; * nſwer, that 


whereas Kings and Princes  -....>ur the one 
more than the other, thai is. _£d through 
Arabition , or greedy deli: - command : 
neither can Glory purchaſed vy Arms be of 

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$4 Of AMartial Proweſs Part 3. 


long continuance without Prudence and Learn- 
ing; forit's the opinion of the judicious, that | 
military diſcipline, (from whence War-like | 
Glory doth flow as from its Fountain) did take | 

its original from Homer. Thet learned man 
 Alianus did teach the Emperour Adrian an ex- | 
cellent military order of drawing up of Soul- | 
diers, in equal proportions and juſt diftances. | 
The Macedonian Phalanx (which Alexander | 


the great made uſe of with ſo much ſucceſs |} 


and glory) is thought to have proceeded from | 
one verſc of Homer. Johannes Bodinus in | 
method. hiſt. makes mention, that Selimus | 
cauling Ceſars Commentaries to be trarſlated | 
into his own natural Language , was ſo cx- | 
pert in his manner of warfare, that in a ſhort | 
time he joined a great part of Africk and | 
Alia the leſs to the Empire of his Predeceflors. | 
Valerins Maximus makes mention | 

Lib. 6. that Lucius Paulus had not routed | 
| the Perſians, if Gallus Sulpitius 

the Philoſopher, had not remov'd that fear in 
[the Roman Camp, proceeding from a ſudden 
Eclipſe of the Moon, by diſcourſing elegant- 
Iy of the nature of the Heavens, and the | 
cauſe of that change. | | 
The anſwer tothe fifth Argument is caſic. || 
| Forwe ſpeak not of that Learning which con- 
' liſts merely ia the Idea's of the mind, orin fan- || 
taltick Ariſtote/sax notions, but of ſuch as | 
joyns knowledge and praQtice together, which | 
will | 


> AE. ena 


| will not always be kept in obſcurity, but will 
| ſhine at length, to the good of the Republick, 
| Ageſilaus Ring of the Lacedemonians ſaid 


(when it was debated whether Juſtice or For- 


| titude had the precedency) that there was 10 
| need of Fortitnde, if all men would adhere to 


2nſtice.. Baldus afftirm'd, that Common wealth 
ſtood more in need of Gown-men, than Souldiers, 


| becanſe times of peace are of longer continuance 
| than thoſe of War. 


The true glory of Ancient Princes chiefly 
conſiſted in the honour, they paid to Learning 
and learned men, and in that they uſed their 
Councel and Afliftance in governing their 
Kingdoms. For as in Diſeaſes of the Body 


{ one skiful Phyfitian is better than a thouſand 
|. Mountebanks; ſo when the whole Common- 


wealch is affected, one learned Gowneman is 


worth a numerous Army. Lampridins ſays, 


that the good Emperor Aurelius, and the brave 
Severus, did always converſe familiary with 


prudent and learned men, and in civil Aﬀairs 


did uſe the Councel of learned men only ; but 
in any military buſineſs (beſides old Officers) 
they conſulted alſo the learned, Many Kings 
at the point of Death have recommended their 


Children and Succeſfſors to learned mens tuiti- 


on, calling them not only their Friends and Fa- 
thers,. but alſo their beſt Treaſure, On the 


| contrary vitious Princes have vilipended learn- 


cd Men, and eſteemed it more laudable to ex- 
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Of Mariel Proweſs Part 3; 


toll thoſe, who were moſt agreable to their 
pernicious inclinations, whoſe ſervice they 
could uſe in the perpetration of their crimes,and 
oppreſſion of their Subjects. 

We are to anſwer now to the objection of 
the' immortality of war-like Prowefs; thus. 
wemuſt be forc'd to confeſs, if we behold the 
perpetual memory of both, that it is rather 
 contain'd in Learning than in martial Prowelſs. 
To the former we are indebted for the re- 
membrance of what is either well or ill done, 
and fo without it the Art of Governing 
would be imperfet, and next to Oblivion. 
Who would have known the Ceſars, (lays 
Pliny the ſecond, in his Epiſtle to Cor nel 115 Prif- 
ens) if Smctonins had not lived ? Who would 
have known Scip:o and Pompey, ſo famons for | 
their great triumphs,if Learned Men had not 
written in their praiſe? And ſeeing the ats 
of fortitude in one Individual, are only du- 
ring the life of one Man, whatever is written 
for the benefit of the Republick 1s continual, 
according to /rgetix, in his ſecond Book de 
re militars. 

And, thongh amongſt the Scyrh;ans, and 0- 
ther fierce and barbarous Nations, Arms had 
the precedency; and that by an ancient 
e/£thiopian Statute thoſe were made, Kings 
who excceded others in the ſtature of Body; 
yet, on the contrary, amongſt the Grecians, 
Egyptians, Indians, and Perſians (according 

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to Bonſinus ) :'Wiſdom and Learning were ſo 
much prefer'd, that they did chuſe Kings 


Me 
| Ma 
| The Lacedemonians (by the Law of Lycur- 
| gs) Cid not give honours to the rich and po- 
| tent, buttothoſe endued with Prudence and 
| Virtue. And in the Indian Kingdoms and 
| Countries, found out by the Porturueſſes, 
| Learning is 1n great eſteem 3 for none there, 
| without it, can obtain any Office, much leſs 
|: the *Principality. . © Homer 


from the Altars of their Gods, and Schools 
of Philoſophers. For Learning infuſeth into 
- ſenſe of a Divinity, informs their 

ters, and conſerves the Common-wealth. 


the Father of Poets makes Pal- * Ofor. lib.;. 
las always a Friend to Achilles de gloria. 
and Ulyſſes, which he did be- : 
cauſe they were Men of reaſon, and good 


' Counſel. And inhis 2.1ib.1liadum Agamemnon 


deſires in his Army not ten Ajaces, but Ne- 


| ſtores. And the Wildom of eEreas is {aid 


to have been of more ule in the defence of 
Troy, than the valour and ſtrength of Hettor. 
The Common-wealth of Yenice ſeems to be of 
longer continuance than that of Rome, not 
fo much for her martial Valour, as politics 
Government. ny 


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SECT I. 


Shewing the People incline either to Mars | 


or Mercury, as their Prince is inclintd, 


Thus conſidering what is already ſpoken, : 
it will not be difficult to find out what Profeſ- | 
ſon is the better, But now Learned Men, to | 


the ſhame cf a Nation, do vail to Souldiers, 


give them a tacit renunciation of their right, | 
aad acquieſce in the vulgarOpinion, which is,for : 


the moſt part, ever falſe. 


I would allow indeed, that our Nobility and | 
Gentry following the Wars for the ſafety of | 


their King and Country, ſhould not be defrau- 
ded of their duc honour, ſo as Gown-men on 
the other ſide be not wrong d,and vilipended ; 
and I do think that neither Party ſhould per- 
mit the other to give their judgment in their 
own proper cauſe, which I ſhall in this place 
forbear alſo to do, and only ſay, That Mex 
ave ſirr'd up to thoſe Profeſſions and Arts which 
are in preateſt eſteem for the time ; according to 
Plato in his 4th. Book de Republica. Nero 
dectaimed in the firſt year of his Reign, ac- 
cording to the Example of Pompey the Great, 
and Aupguſizs Ceſar, and immediately there 
was ſuch abundance of Orators, and the Stu- 
dy of Eloquenze ſo fiouriſh'd, that many from 

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' Part 3. ana Learning. 


| tors, * and obtain'd great ho- * Sweto. 


low fortunes were made Sena- 


p 
nours. In the Reign of Charles claraRbeyor. 
the fifth all his Courtiers did 
learn the French Tongue, becaufe the Empe- 
rour himſelf delighted init. So Arsfotle truly 
ſaid, that * the inclinations of 

Princes were examples to his * /#b,2.Polir. 
SubjeAts'! becauſe the Life of c. 5. 

a Prince is a perpetual Law or 


Decree concerning Manners, as Pliny doth 


elegantly ſhow Trajan and Clauaian, wittily in 
his admonition to Honorim. 


Componitur Orbis, 
Regis ad exemplum, nec ſic infletere ſenſus, 
Humanos edilia valent, ut vita regentinm, 
Atobile mutatur ſemper cum Principe vnlgus. 


Men follow ftill the footfteps of their King, 
Nor are Laws able humane minds to bring 
Under command, ſo much as his life, why ? 
The Vulgar with the Prince doth change alway. 


Count Palavicin is introduced in Caſtslion's 
Courtier, and alledging ſome ſubtile reaſons, 
doth conclude that Arms had the precedency, 
yet he courteouſly avoids the opinion of Pe- 
tr Bembus his Colloquutor, For this man 
doth quote Alexander the Great, who did not 


. envy Achilles ſor the glory of his martial for- 


titude 


ut that he had F 
ifes. The Author alſo i true 
;ourtier (wherein he repreſents the Idea of a 
Prince) requires Letters and in hand as 
ble Companions. 
' the third uſed to ſoy; rhat be conld in 
make many Souldvers, but t that 1 his 
ays Heliodor, can give Riches nd Honours, 
but he cannot make an Orator. 


SECT. H. 


o has by many been ſlighted, and 
by as many efteemed. 


iy of P doſophy Lu the elc- 
venth King of France would not have his Son 
| ucted in Letrers and li- 
Sciences. And the Father of Eberhart, 
unt of Wizrenbers, Gid upon his Death-be 
9 his Councellors by an © 


OO en none 


Part 3. and Learning, gf 


arder the great, (though moft defirous of mili. 
tary glory) to be eſteemed. For writing to 
his Maſter Ari/otle, he told him that it was 
his deſire rather to excel in Knowledge, than 
in Arms. That Myrrour of Princes, Alphoy- 
ſus King of Arragon, did prudently atfirm, 
that he would rather loſe his Kingdom, than 
be ignorant of that Learning with which he 
was indu'd. The Emperour Leo, and his Son 
Conſtantine, defired nothing more than to ad- 
vance Learning : And their Succeſſor to their 
Empire and Vertue , did give admirable re- 
ſ, © to Learned men, ſaying, that he had ra- 
ther be famous by his Learning, than by his 
Empire, as Baptiſts Egnatins relates in the 
Lives of the Cz2ſars. Jovins in his Elogies of 
. Martial Hero's, obſerves the ſaying of Mathsas 
King of Hungaria, that a King could not 
be famous in War, vnleſs fortified with Learn- 
ing; he knew the manner of War-fare of <- 
very Age, and the very Stratagems of the 
Ancients drawn out of Hiſtories, ſceing thoſe 
Experiments, which would be of great uſe in 
War, cannot be underſicod bur by long Ex. 
perience, which could ealily be comprehended 
by reading the examples of Antiquity : There- 
fore many Princes in the managing of difficult 
Aﬀairs, have too late bewail'd that they did 
not in their Youth apply themſelves to Learn- 
ing; Infomuch that ſome in more mature 
years have not been aſham'9 to learn the Latin 


T onguve, 


ial Proweſs Patt 4 


ve, as did that Noble Elector of Saxco 
For Learning is the Nerves and Arteries 

f good Government, and the Ornament of 
ivil Life. For the moſt part, it's deſpair or 
fraint makes a Souldier , which is thought 

be the laſt refuge of hope-deſpairing men, 
Ne ſee many accuſtomed to unhonelſt actions 
go tothe Wars , but few return with Honour 
or Riches. Finally, ſuch is for the moſt part 


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" the condition of Aﬀairs, that more is loſt than 
acquired in War, wherein wholeſome counſel 
ſeldom finds acceptance; nor is it tolerable 
to erre twice, and wherein (according to 7#4- 
tous Caeſar) Fortune ſhews her unconſtancy 
moſt: But ſhe has not ſo much power over 
Learned men, for where ever they go, they 

arry ali along with them, and even in Ship- 
 wrack they loſe not any thing , when Souldicrs 
arc in a perpetual fear of Joſing all. 


SECT. ITE 


Shewins ſome Noble Souls to be tam 
arte. quam Mercury 


ſome men do argue, that there are 

Souldiers, who with great honour have 
Martial Proweſs and Learning toge- 
erefore that Learned men only are 
oft-pon'd. 


RH VOIP 


_ 


OE Rs 1 ET 


in a apt SO SE Bray ——_— | 
: | 1 A " - 4 wy 


To which it's anſwered , that many have 
endeavour'd, but few obtain'd that honour. 


For Natrre (according to Plato) produces mers 


and makings haſt to two ſo different , ſhe perfetts 
neither well : Amongſt the Ancient Greczans, 
Pericles, Xenophon, and T huc:dides;, amongſt 
the Romans, Fulins Ceſar, Lucullus, and Caro, 
were eminent in both. And Yellius Patercu- 
[1s in his ſecond Volume of the Roman Story, 
writes after this manner of Druſus Claudius, 
who died in Germany, That it was uncertain 
whether his Genius was more ft for Martial, 
than Civil Aﬀairs. But commonly , without 
perpetual exerciſe, to which the ſhort lite of 
Man can hardly be ſufficient, a perteCt Soul- 
dicr, 7.e. a great Captain, and an excellent 
Gown-man, able to govern the Helm of Af- 
fairs (for we ſpeak as well of Knowledge as 


regularly qualified for one Art or Science only, 


_ of Experience ) can hardly be found in one 


Individual. If any attain to this Heroick 
Excellency, as Antonius Duprato, Great Chan- 
cellour to ' Francis the firit King of France, 
by whoſe Valour the Szerzers were over- 
thrown in a great Battel, or athens Car- 
dinal of Seduz, who a little before o're- 
came the Army of Lewss the Eleventh in 7- 
etaly; or if any for the future [hall be fa- 
mous for both thole noble and glorious qua- 
lities, and thereby ſhall be uiciul to their 
Country , in equity they ought to be hare 
above 


* 


Of Martial Proweſs Part gi 


above the degree of either ordinary Cap- 
ins, or Gowr-men. Perſexs the Son of F«- 
having ended the War in Mauritania 
appy ſucceſs, and obtain'd the King- 
m of the Argives, in the end erected a 
blick School in Helecor, and was himſelf 
us for his Learmng; for which cauſes 
the Poets feign that he was plac'd amongſt 
aTs. 


SECRIV, —_ 


' The Deciſion of the Controverſie. 


refuted therefore that ObjeQion, it 
ns togive theprecedency toLearaing,becauſc 
uldicrs arc bat the Executioners of Learned 
own.men; and therefore the Law ſays, that 
uidiers ought to be Defenders, nog Lords 
ers, 
'though it is not our intention to deter- 
vely ia ſo di a matter , yct 


conclude by a threefold diftiation, for 


. 
- s 


are contrarietics Oft-ti accorded. 
& Guide, ſays Socrates, kyew 
arsgbt, 1 would follow his foot- 
£0 Deazty. 

diſtinction is, That men muſt re- 
om of the place, and accordiagly 
ers or Learned mea are to be pre- 


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Part 3. and Learning. 0 95 


ferred : For Cuſtom and Uſe is of no ccon- 
temptible Authority , eſpecially if it be conti- 


nued with publick conſent. 


The other diſtinction is drawn from the 
time ; for ſometimes Learned men, ſometimes 


 Souldiers are in the greater e&fteem. That 


Vulgar ſaying doth agree to this, Dsſtingue 

rempora, & quadrabit Scriptura. 
Thirdly, AQts are diligently to be confſider- 

ed; for a Gown.man in any act agreeing to 


his Calling, is without doubt to be preferred ; 
as on the contrary, a Souldier in Military aQti- 


ons has the precedency. Iſecrates writing to 
the Lords of Zyrlene, adviſes them to give the 


next honour to themſelves to Learned men. : 


But this notwithſtanding, it cannot be de- 


ny'd, but that Military Dignity is of a large 
extent ; for it comprehends Knights, Barons, 
Earls, Marqueiles, Dukes, and the very Em- 


perour or King himſelf, whereby a certain 
role for this Pre-eminency can the leſs be g1- 
ven, for it varics daily , according to age, of- 
fice, or imployment , favour, dignity, time, 
place, aQ, cuſtom, will, pleaſure and inclinati- 
on, Which nevertheleſs ought not to be preju- 


dicial to Gown-men , and that for the publick 


good, in whoſe favour Degrees and Orders 
were introduc'd. In this caſe then men muſt 


: | have recourſe to Cultom, and the before-named 


diſtintions. 
CHAP, 


Of Martial Prowe|s 


CHAP, 1. 


Learning, or Arms, 


ut diftinftion of Perſons and 


that ſome may command, others obey. 

ecing the Office of Magiſtracy i 1s divided into 
Laws divine and twmanc, conſiſting morally in 
the defence of the innocent,and puniſhment of 


Part 3. 


Admonition to ſuch as incline either to 


Ecing therefore duc honour is given to ver= 
I true, which we will diſtinguiſh into militas 
ry and civil, ingenious youth is to be admo- 
'[(hed, that the fewer attain to this double dig- 
nity, the more earneſtly they may endeavour 
the ſame, and being of noble Parents they 
may make themſelves famous by following 
their foot-ſteps in vertuc ; and in what Fami-: 
ties military glory has been reſplendent, they 
may imitate their Anceftors, not neglecting 
Literature, whereby Men are reodred more 
capable of performing great Enterprizes. Let 
thoſe who apply themſelves to Learniog 
through their innate inclination, know that a 
arpge Field of Glory is Patent ro them, unleſs 
leaving their ftudy they be drawn to vice, or 
to do any thing againft their Vocation, For 
acre cannot be an equal conCition of all Men 
n this Life, nor can this civil Society conſfilt 
it Qualities, 


And 


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, 


| the wicked, the Common-wealth cannot well 
want Cither order. 


what true Nobility is, by way of Digreſſion; 


' But it will not (I hope) be altogether im- 
pertinent in this place to make a ſhort Di- 
greſſion concerning true Nobility, which I ſhall 


 - touchin few words. 


Firſt therefore, where the excellency of 
Virtue 1s abſent, the reward thereof, z. e. the 
honour of Nobility, is due to no Man, and fo 
the cauſe ceaſing, the effect alſo ceaſes. 
| Secondly,the inveterate Cuſtome of making 
Men of good Birth, and void of Virtue noble, 
| ſeems unreaſonable; therefore it's either abſo- 
lutely to be cancell'd, or reduc'd to the ſquare 
of Equity. | 

Thirdly, Riches ought not to come into con- 
ſideration, for they are things ſeparated from -. 
Nobility ; and in reſpe&t thereof Merchants 
or Mechanicks abounding in Riches, yes baſe 
Fellows uncapable of Dignities may be calted 
Noble, becauſe Riches are fluent and mpta- 
ble, and Virtue immovable and perman 
There wasno entry to the Temple of Hano 

at Rome but through that of Vireue, theredy 
lignifying that there was no true Honour with»: 
out Virtue. 7  Fourthiya.. 


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| Fovurthly, if 'Men conſider Power of it ſelf, 
it cannot make true Nobility, yet the com- 
mon error has taken ſuch deep root, that it can 
hardly be eradicated. But every Man is more 
to be eſteemed for what he has acquired by his 
own virtue, than of what is left him by his An- 


| " Ovid. 13. Meta. 
Nam genus & proaves & que non | fecumm pſt, 
Vsx ea noftra voco. 


Our birth,and what doth not from us proceed, 
Can with ſmall reaſon be call'd ours indeed. 


The Vulgar doth abuſe the name of true No- 
ality, and judges according to the objects ; 
hen notwithſtanding true Nobility conſifts | 
what is only external, as Antiquity, 
great Poſſeſhons, and Dignities, but 
an interiour perfection. Yet we ſce 
y men honoured, and he is for the | 
of leſs cfteem who is endued with 
ng, if poor, than a rich per- | 
y head. I would not whatis | 
otherways underftood, than that the 
mption of high birth ſhould ſo long have 
> as men nobly born ſhew themſclves. 
ur they by their birth aſ- | 


in 


its juſt to uſe them with all ho- 
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But (according to Mathens de «ffiiftis ) the 


fort ſpecies of Nobility flows from divine wiſdom ; 


The ſecond from true Vertue ; The third from 
dignity and ſecular Power ; The fourth from bis 
Lands and Poſſeſſions which he holds immediately 


_. of bis Prince; The fifth from Military Orders 
or Degrees, | ſpeak of ſuch who have Com- 


miſſions from the King or Common-wealth ; 
for to be a private Souldier, is rather a ſlavery 


than an honour, The ſixth 5s from the Antiquity - 


of Noble Progenitors, which sf join d with wver« 
tue (according to Baldus) makes true Nobility, 
who calls it generoſity adorned with marnanimity. 
The ſeventh ſpecies proceeds from their Office or - 


Calling, I ſhall ſay no more, but refer the cu- 


rious to that famous Treatiſe of 4ndreas Tiras 
guillus concerning this ſubject. 


SECT It 


Of the tragical fates of many brave men, 
both Stateſmen and Marital. 


OW (as we hinted before) Civil Gos 
vernment. conliſts in Gown-men and 


Souldiers; for as humane health conſifts in the 
harmony of the body and ſoul, and as the 
heart and brain are refre{h'd with ſweet Q- 
dours and Oyntments, and as humane actions 
are better performed by the right ages 

: "4 


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% 


Part 3, 


th 


* two noble Qualifications doth the health- 
nperature. of the Politick Body confiſt; 


 JAuinſtus Caſar is much commended by Sets- 
* #us for both. 1f Learning for ſome contrary 
Cuſtom is not fo much eſteemed as Martial 
Proweſs, yet is it neceſſary in a well-govern- 
ed Common-wealth , that they walk hand in 
hand. - Fam' not able to extort the Sword from 
. * the Souldier, or willing to extol the Learned 
to the others prejudice; for the one is join'd 
with dangers, the other with pains and watch- 
ings. Moreoyer for many and juſt cauſes I 
am to acquieſce in the'opinion of others, left 
| in the derifion of fo difficult a Queſtion, I in- 
Lf cur the hatred and Giſdain of the more learned 
+ and judicious. | 
Firſt therefore, I obferve, that both were 
ordained by God, and both neceſſary to the 


Common-wealth. The greate#F defence of the 


Te 


Republick (fays the Lawyer ) proceeds from 
AMartial Proweſs and Juſtice. Both bave a law- 
ul Funition, becauſe our Saviour at bis coming 
hd not abrogate Civil Politie, as Julian the Apo- 
te and his impious Paraſites blaſphemouſly 
ved: out, Chriſt approves of warfare in the 

aturion : Nature teaches this in irrational 


ha e their King, their Camps, their 
y march out to Battcl, draw to- 
- gether, 


' "the mind; ſoin the prudent conjunction of 


fice and | Fortitude are famous Vertues, and 


. The Bees bred only to the uſe of 


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_ they reward induſtry, and puniſh idleneſs. $9 
War is approved by the Law of Nations, pro- 
| vided it be juſt, and undertaken by the com- 
mand of the Prince or Common-wealth. $So 
learned men do exerciſe a no lefs lawful and 
beautiful FunCtion, for without ſuch the world 
would be a Chaos of confuſion. 


| Part 3, 


- _ "ID ens 


with their pay, and ought not to wrong or op- 


preſs any. So a Miniſter of State ſhould be | 


Z contented with«bis Salary, and not to extend 
73 his hands to iniquity. | 
| © Thirdly, An excellent Souldier and Scholar 
are in great eſteem, both at home and abroad, 
and obtain perpetual honour. Fyrates deſired 
to ſce Scipio the African, when he lived 10 his 
eclipſed glory at Linternum. And certain No- 
bles came from the remotelt parts of $947, not 


' to ſce Rome the moſt glorious City of the Uni- 


; verſe, but Livins famous for his Eloquence. 
! And ſuch is the ſweetneſs of Learning, that 
' it moves the affections of the weaker Sex. 
Olympia Fulvia-of Ferrara, a molt. ingenious 
Woman, in thoſe latter times lived and dyed 
in Germany, whoſe Orations and learned 
Works are yet extant. After the ſame manner, 
many Virago's induced with maſculine courage,, 


have affected and obtained the honour of wars 


like fortitude. The Roman Virgin Clelia, be- 
ing one of the Plcdges given to King Por- 


Secondly , Souldiers ought to be contented ' 


1 1; * ſenna, 


5 [On # ds 
ny, . EVP TORE jy OOO INN Met 
CBE es a ia tears. how IN _—_— 
F 5 «4 e f "6 4 + 


* «AO, TG”. a 

L _ 4 

F LOR y 4 
go 6 4 : 


in the night-time eſcaped. her Guards, 
ok Horſe, and by her ſpeedy paſling the Ri- 
r, not only free'd her City of a dangerous 
e, but of all ſear. 

dly we read that many War-like Hero's, 
inent:Gown-men, Who at home and a- 
ad have deſerved well of their Country, 
ve fallen from the height of Honour into 
at Calamities. Therfore we may exclaim 
with Zucar,in his Firſt Book of the Civil War 
7 twixt Ceſar and Pompey. 


nuida fatorum. ſeries ſummiſque-negatam, 
tare din, nimioque graves ſub pondere lapſus. 


ates envious courſe continuance doth de ny, 

To mighty Men, who preateſt falls do try. 
What is more famous than 
*Valer. Max. the exile of Scipxo * and 
I1b.5 .cap.3. T hemiſtocles* Franciſcus Buſſo- 
2us General of the Venetian 
» a Man Valant and active againſt 
hilip Duke of Millain, after his taking of 
erov4 and Brixia, was accus'd of perhdious. 
We. - delay, brought to Yenice in the 
Dy G Ft. courſe. of his Actions, and 
ed ans ere * beheaded. Conradine, 
the Nephew of the Emperour 
Barbaroſſa, tor the loſs of a Battel 
gation of the Pope, and the Arch- 
2 Duke 


ederich 


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Duke of Auſtria, had his Head ſtruck off inthe 
Market-place of the City of Naples, Socra- 
tes the wiſeſt of Greece, bythe teſtimony of 
the Oracle, dyed a * violent 

death. Cicero the Fountain of * vai. Max. 
Roman Eloquence , was firſt ba- #5-3.cap.z, 
niſh*d * and then beheaded. 

| William Hugonet, Chancellour * pur. ;« 4ita 
to Charles Duke of Burgundy, Cicerow, 

aſter the death of his Prince at 

| Nancy, was beheaded by the People of Ganzr. 
S That famous Lawyer Alpianus was baniſhed by 
* Heliogaholuss Belliſarius and 'Narſes, two ia- 
mous and glorious. Captains, after they had 


obtain'd great and honourable Victorics, were 


thruſt from their commands, and reduc'd to 

miſery by the Emperour Fuſtin:an. Gonſulvo, 

5 having obtain'd the name of great Captain 

by the conſent of all Chriſtendom, after he 

! had confirmed the Kingdom of 

Naples to his Maſter, Þ by his fin- T Jovius 

oular Vertue and Conitaricy,was hzs life. 

wy a to give up his Accounts, 

and thereby brought in diſgrace. I ſhall tor- 

7 bear toproduce examples of latter Favourites, 
4 as alſo of thoſe who have ſuffered torthe glory 

_ of Godand good of their Country, (becauſe 
: 1 do not intend herea Martyrology.) If we 


would but look into the Tourts of Princes e- - 


ven of latter times, what a Multitude of evils 


and misfortunes would offer themſelves? and 


4 how 


107 


ICH, ES 20 
ED tt. RY 


«I . Shewing the cauſes of their 
| T-...- 


1 judge the cauſes thereof to be; Either thoſe 
; h Kings and Princes do Put 
much confidence therein, or oppreſs'd 
h envy (which is the inſeparable Con- 
nt of Vertue and Felicity )they fall into 
ez 'Or Fortune - (according, to her cu- 

at length deſerts Men loaded with 
nd honours; or their Spirits fail them 
being oppreſſed with the weight of affairs. 
ire of private gain have allo 
the ruineof many. Hence you may ſee 
n-blinded with avarice and ambition run 
d the limits of their duty, and many 
raing to Polybirs) more fit to innovate 
nage allairs. - To which may be ad- 
Change of the Prince his inclination, 
h appears after Favorites have acquired 
riches and dignities. For (according 


al,) 


is brevis eft atas & raraſeneitus. 


t,the divulging of the Prince's ſecrets; 
nally, the anger and ſuſpicion of Prin- 
' £65: Tor {uch give themiclves up to their own 


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humours, and whilſt they endeavonr tocon- 
firm their anthority, they erre ſometimes in 
the exceſs of puniſhing. 

Theſe are the ordinary canſes of the ruine 
of many brave Men. There are alſo other 
Theological reafons. Firſt, the godly Man is 
not innocent before God, it's needful for all 
Mento be fabje to affiitions, that therein 
their divine vertnes may be exerciſed. Be- 
fore I was afflicted I went aſtray, ſays the Pfal- 
miſt, and trouble gives underſtanding, ſays 
Eſatas. Secondly, that it may appear. 
all things are not ruled by human Counfels, 


becauſe it's written, 1 will deſtroy the wiſdom of 


the wiſe. 


The more therefore with the Apoſtle to 
Timothy .is the ſafety of Princes to be recom- 
mended to God, that they may do what 1s 
good and juſt in his eyes, leſt afterwards Vi- 
ces turn into Manners, where at length (ac- 
cording to Sexeca) there is no redreis. Let 
their Miniſters, who are intruſted with Ofh- 


ceseither military or civil,endeavour to fol- 


low. the Dictates of Virtue, hoping tehcity 
in their actions from God to whom they muſt 
give an account. Whereby 1t will come to 
paſs that they ſhall have comfort in whatſo- 
ever calamity, and {hall not ſuffer any thing, 


but what will .be conducing to the good of. 


their Souls. Bur leſt we involve our felves in 


this Labyrinth beyond our intention, let us. 


refer 


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that Arms and Learning go hana 
and together. 


follows therefore that Letters and Arms 
zould nat only accord, but be infeparably 
yn'd, beſides the Reaſons above-menti- 
becauſe Martial Proweſs doth furniſh 
to Learning. Hence was Hercules 
eter, and was ador'd in a Temple 
', and the Adwſes ; as on 
Learned men do Etcrnize the Me- 
S actions, that they may be al- 
to Poſterity. Suetonins Tran- 
a Book of ſuch as were famous 
calth , cither for their 
S, Or civil policy. Saint 7 
is Example, writ a Book of Hol 
pus in the Church of God, And in 
» Paulus Jovins did honour, with 
gics, men famous cither for their 
roweſs, or their refined and learned 


rous Contentions for Honour 
ſhunn'd, and the ſame given to 
Virtue, 


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without any envy, whereby whole Commu. 
wealths have periſhed, and of which Hiftory 
furniſheth us with many famous Examples. 
W ho contend for Honevur in a Commonwealth 
(ſays Plato ) are like Mariners ftriving in a 
Tempeft who ſhould be Pilot, which cannot 
be without the evident danger of all. It's the 
Part therefore of wiſe men to hate Emulations, 
and the greedy defire of Vain-glory, and to 
follow Honour, but not ambitiouſly to covet 
the ſame. Ambition was prohi- : 


bited of old at F Rowe, by the (c- + Cicero de 


verefſt Laws. If all: the indue- 
mentsof Body and Mind, and 
all External Dignities were confidered-, we 
would find that they were not ſufficient to the 
tranquility of Humane Life; we ſhould aug- 
ment therefore the care of Picty , and leflen 
the ſolicitude of periſhing things, and eſpecial- 
ly that ſpecious trouble which we ſee moſt 
ſtrictly zoyn'd with acquired Power, It is 
written, Do all to the Glory of God; this is 
the end which all Chriftians ſhould propoſe to 
themſclves ; the reft do not only periſh with 
us, but in the midſt of our courſe they with- 
draw themſelves, and vaniſh. The Govern- 
ment of men is obnoxious to divers Changes, 
therefore it ſtands'in need of men fitted for 
all times , as divers Remedies are to be uſed 
according ,to the nature of mens Diſeaſes : 


Orato. 


Some- 


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Proweſs Part 4 
imes Learning is re- 
ſubliſt without the ©- 
flary, that Juſtice be 
d it is certain, that 
uſtice, and that” the 
ions are governed by 
pray for-Concord, 
lutual Love, 


Ow at the cloſe, Ingenuous Youth 
| ſhould be admoniſhed , that as the Ci- 
on of Man conſiſts in Military and . 
ral Dignitics; and as in this Politique 
ivers Offices are required, they 
thoſe two Noble Arts without 
al contempt. And let thoſe 
be Souldicrs conſider, that the De- 
Country ſhall have Glory on 
ty in Heaven, But where 
of War, let it be underta- 
ng ſcem to be required but 
' Peace; whereby ( according to 
os + Velleins ) the Laws and 7uſtice 
: :For a certain Honourable 
Peace is far better than an uncer- 
ar : All the events of War are un- 
Morcover , although what 
s than what we are ignorant 
to the Apoſtle Jen thi; life we 
know 


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'Part3! and ILtarnin, 


know but in part : Young men ovght to 1 

what is neceſſary to the juſt Government of the 
_ Commonwealth , whereunto Earthly Riches 

and. Honours ſhould not invite them ſo much, 
as that Celeſtial Remuneration , of which the 

Followers of true Vertue are certain, Finally, 

let them contain themſelves within the limits 

of their Vocation, neither let them (allured 
 Vith thedcſire of Superiority, which is always 
joyn'd with preſent danget) attempt any thing 
beyond their ability. 

O happy England ! if young Men of noble 
Birth and opulent fortunes, would not loſe 
their youthful years in riot, voluptuous plea- 
ſures, and all ſorts of ſenſuality ; but would 
inftruct and'adorn their minds with verttogs 
Sciences. By fodoing they ſhould nor only” 
learn to live well themſelves, but alſo to rule 0- 
thers aright ; they ſhould the better acquire 
political knowledge, and inftructed with verty- 


ous Precepts of Phitofophy, fhoutd conrain 


themſelves within the limits of their duty, be 
more fit for the Government of the Common! 
wealth either in Peace or War, and extend 
and augment the ſplendour of their Birth by 
their laudable actions. Thoſe are the Pillars 
and Supporters of ſolid Honour and Glory, 
by thoſe Wings we mount to Heaven, and by 
thoſe watchings and pains we acquire cterval 
Fame and Glory. 


F IN 41 * 


carn 


= 


R R A T 4. 


2-6 line 30, for _ Conmncellors, read Councehloy. 


4. after be, r, ſo, p.16.1.18, for Treaſures 
oe Ireaſwry. 1, 27. r. that, after Liberality, p, 77, ]. 
80 be, p. 92, 1.21, for Mercuris r. Mercurio. | 


REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL 
FE * IN THE HENRY E. HUNTINGTON 


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