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"SPAR Ts AN LESS s 0 NS 


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PE Ga. 


HE PRAISE OF VALOUR; 


IN THE VERSES OF 


'T Y R T A E U 8: 


\N ANCIENT ATHENIAN FURT, 


ADOPTED BY THE 


EPUBLIC OF. LACEDAEMON, 


AND EMPLOYED. 


TO INSPIRE THEIR YOUTH 


WITH WARLIKE SEN TIMENTS. 


—— Infignis HonzUs, 


Trarazu sque Mares animos in Martia Bella 
Verſibus exacuit, | He nAr. 


Ady apirevew % dreier tuutcy ds, Hom, 


GL As © 


PRINTED BY ROBERT AND ANDREW FOULIS. 
MDCC LIX. 


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THESE REMAINS 7" 
OF ANCIENT PANEGYRIC {| - 
” 5 a 
| MARTIAL SPIRIT AND PERSONAL VALOUR; 
9 15 ron | 
| THE DAILY LESSONS OF THE - 
SPARTAN YOUTH; 


| | A 
=_ WITH PROPRIETY,. 
= Va INSCRIBED, 
| " 4 1 ® rh at 
THE YOUNG GEN TLEMEN; 
LATELY, 


BRED AT THE UNIVERSITY OP 
: GLASGOW; 
i AT PRESENT, 


SERVING THEIR COUNTRY, 
AS 1 
OF FIC ENR 8 8 
or THE | | . 
HIGHLAND BATTALIONS | 
NOW IN | N 
AMERICA, . 


SOME ACCOUNT/OF. vt 


T Y. N T A Da U gel 


ADDRESSED. 
„„ 


rar er ee 


TYRTAEUS, . m and He- 
siod, is che most ancient Greek Poet of 
whom we have any remains. according to 
the chronology of — 
was born, a few years before the founda - 
tion of Rome; about two hundred years, 
before the Peloponnesian War, or Age of 
Socrates; and, about one hundred years, 
after Lycurgus had establiſhed in __ 
those laws and institutions, for ec 
government, and war; by a religious as 
Servance of which, the Lacedaemonians 


became, 1 . men ma 
nations. 


vi or TYRTAEUS, | 
Sparta, from the first infancy of the 
republic thus modelled by Lycurgus, had 
a powerful rival in the neighbouring state 
of Messene. the quarrel soon grew to a 
deadly enmity®;. like that of Rome and 
Carthage; and, like that too, was carried 
on, for several generations, through three 
long bloody wars. the genius of Sparta 
prevailed at last; but not till she had, like 
Rome, been reduced to the greatest ex- 
tremities. for, as Carthage had her Han- 


nibal, Messene had her Aristomenes, the 
Scourge of Sparta; who, in the 8£coNnD 
Messenian war, gained 80 many and so 
great, advantages, over the Lacedaemoni- 
ans, as brought them almoſt to despair?, 

At the beginning of this second war, 
the Lacedaemonians had consulted the 


186 2 
- ©» 


OF TYRTAEUS. vi 
Oracle at Delphi, for advice what conduct 
to pursue. they were ordered to ask a ge- 
neral from the Athenians, to follow his 
advice in the conduct of the war, and chen 
to hope for success. 

The response was a severe nailing 
tion to the high Spartan spirit. their kings, 
immediate descendents of Hercules, were, 
by their constitution, the generals of their 
armies. but they would not disobey the 
God; and Athens, tho at no time a friend 
to the growing power of Sparta, had also 
too much reverence for the Oracle to ven- 
ture a refusal. they sent Tyrtaeus, one of 
their citizens; a man, who had indeed, 
very probably, carried arms; as did every 
Athenian citizen, without exception; but, 
who had never been distinguished, by any 


viii 'OF TYRTAEUS; 
rank in their armies. he was only known 
to his countrymen as a poet. it was, how- 
erer, no strange thing, at Athens, for a 
poet, or even a philosopher, to be also a 
warriour. the valour of Aeschylus, in the 
battle of Marathon, gained him great mi- 
litary glory. in the Peloponnesian war, 
Sophocles was joined with the renowned 
Pericles, in the supreme command of the 
armies of Athens. Xenophon was the 
greatest general, as well as the most ami · 
able writer, of his age. and, Tyrtaeus, if 
he had not the practice of war, and expe- 
rience of command, he had, at least, un- 
doubtedly, the true military spirit, and 
| was born with the very soul of a soldier. 
On his arrival at Sparta, he was, im- 
mediately, naturalized, and taken into 


#4 ' 


OF TYRTAEUS. Ix 
of the Oracle was not, immediately, fulfil- 
led. the conduct and stratagems of Aris- 
tomenes, invigorated by his own heroic 
bravery, continued, for some time, to pre- 
vail over the sedate valour, and religious at 
tachment of the Lacedaemonians to their 
own establiſhed rules of war. he defeated 
them in three successive barrles,' © _ 
 Hitherto the advice and influence of 
Tyrtaeus had produced no remarkable ad- 
vantage in the field. but it had, however, 
in the mean while, been of the moſt sig 
nal service to Sparta, in the very heart of 
the city itself; where he appeased a dange- 
rous sedition, arisen among the citizens, 
and like to have proved fatal to the very 


C 


= or T'YRTAEUS 
by a famine; which the necessities of the 
war had brought on, and which bore hard- 
er on one Pore: of 1 aithe chan on the 
h %% 1 * 
At hes hs two 2 af 3 dis- 
e by repeated ill success, looking 
on Aristomenes as a favourite of Fortune, 
and desparing to prevail, took the resolu- 
lution, to retire home with the Lacedae- 
monian army, abandon tlie war, and leave 
their enemies to enjoy the honour and ad- 
vantages they had so bravely gained. a 
This resolution was vigorously opposed 
by Tyrtaeus; who, on the contrary, ex- 
horted earnestly to try another battle. o. as 
his advice had the sanction of the same 
Oracle which had, formerly, sanctified the 
lavs of Lycurgus, and had add che awe 


"RY © 


OF TYRTAEUS. xi 
of religion to the authority. of the mag | 
strate; the rwo kings revered the Od and : 
dropt their opposition. a battle wWas resol- ; 
ved on; and Tyrtaeus e called the army to- 
Becher to hear what, in obedience to the 
Onan he had to deliver. 
In those days, all e precepts, all 

oat and maxims, for, the! conduct of pri- 
vate life, of government, or war; every 
thing; in short, designed to be left on re- 
cord for the benefit of mankind, was, in 
imitation of the advices of the Gods de- 
lvered by their oracles, composed i in verse; 
and, most. commonly, in Elegiac. writin g 
in prose was not yet in use. 
.  'Tyrtacus had prepared some pieces. of 
cha kind, for the use of the Lacedaemo- 
army. In these, he displayed thedu- 


eas oy * 
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"I W > _ — x. —— — — 
« * * —_ ” — — —P ö. ——ñ — 


——— — — 


xii OF TYRTAEUS. 

cies of a soldier; the magnanimity of "oo 
Spising the caprice of fartune; the love of 
our country; the glory of dying in its de- 
fence; the praise and honours of valour; 
the joys and rewards of victory. Y these he 
had composed in the very spirit of hero- 
ism; and, in the same spirit, did he, now, 
deliver them. he spoke to Spartans. they 


had their full effect. the kings, the ſoldiers, 


breathed again che genius of war. his 


words, like inspiration, had fired anew 


cheir souls; and left no comer: of their 


breasts cool with the love of life. ?deach 


they despised ; bur, want of funeral-rites, 
even Spartans could not chink of, wich- 


out religious horror. such was the su- 
perstition of thoſe ancient times. Tyr- 
taeus, Missionary of Apollo, was favoured 


8 


| OF TYRTAEVUS. > «1 
by the God, and found a remedy. v each 
soldier tied a token round his arm; on 
scribed. by these their friends wou d know 
their bodys. ? and, now, the chill vapour 
of that only damp dispelled; the qualm 
was over; and the fire, already kindled in 
their bosoms, flamed forth, without ob- 
Struction, in it's full native blaze. the 

charge was sounded?, the Spartans won 
the day. 


the bloodiesr, and most obstinate battles 

which history has left on record?. 
The Spartan kings had added artifice 
to inspiration. by captives, permitted to 
desert, they had »let the enemy know the 
present temper of the Lacedaemonian ar- 
d | 


But, a hard-fought day it was?. one of 


XIV: OF/TYRTAEUS., 
my. but the men of Messene fought for 
liberty and independence. far from being 
daunted at the news, tho unexpected, 
they were only the 4 more animated, to 
maintain the advantages they had already 
gained; and, by one decisive victory, se- 
cure the blessings they had struggled for 
so long. Messene had the spirit, but not 
at all the discipline, of Sparta. 

For, the youth of Sparta, wich unabat- 
ing perseverance, and ardour inexstin- 
guishible, continued, all day-long, exert- 
ing and redoubling those prodigious ef- 
forts of heroic valour, which must ever, 
kke a miracle; astonish all mankind; when, 
thoroughout the whole of an army, the 


highest enthusiasm, for military honour 


and the glory of their native country, is 


; 
— 


1 
dr 


* TYRTAEUS 


— | 


* os business of a. ik vil 
In such a cause, such men, so trained, 
will —_ _— m _ 
-Pyreadis, aftcrmanda, \inhingod nl * 
gested, those pieces, into RUDIMENTS OF: 
Wax, 4 for the education of the Spartan 
youth. in that light they were a adopted by 
the state, as a supplement to the military 
even one of the standing laws of war, that, 
in every campaign, upon taking the field, 


inconitan 


moned to attend at. the King's: tent, to 


xvi OF TYRTAEUS; 
hear the warlike lessons of Tyrtacusd. $0. 
sensible was Sparta, that the Poet, by his 
first rehearsal, had recovered the glory, 
perhaps even saved tho 1 of 
the republic. et 

Nothing, indeed, of che kind, wk be 
more admirably suited, to promote the 
views of a lawgiver who had united his 
countrymen into a republic, all of war- 
riors; and to support the spirit of a system 
of laws all written with the point of the 
sword. : 
Ls i hus, en verses dio he dalyle les- 
sons of their youth, and che study of Tyr- 
taeus, the only literature in esteem, at La- 
cedaemon. their kings, their generals and 
their statesmen, continued, to their latest 
old age, to hold him in the highest ad- 


OF TYRTAEUS vid 
with a kind of rapture; because, said they, 
when we call the generous youth forth to 
the field, Tyrtaeus sounds the charge, 
and makes their young hearts beat and 
pant for glory. they spring with tran- 


sport to the path of Honour; while, 
Diſcipline, their TIR TH- RIGHT, guides 


their way. aw oben n 


Naa oh, mo — le 
HN tuTowla, nerd rõr 9 #1A — 


7 dig ply ug, AGEIAOYZAN EAYTAON. 
He was _ a 


n eee hed hn * | 


all nations, modern, or den theirs, » 


xvii or TYRTAEUS. 


Athens, on account of the warlike spirit 
of his poetry. thus, the Athenian stran- 
ger, in the first book of | Plato's Laws; 


| n Toa Deb rale · Goxeis yu % copbs iuſy 
eivai oj ayabog* Sri, Tv & r f * : 
. n 


And, just before, ang * a 


Age dg, Tel TATTA. * 
aperas) rf 


And, Lycurgus, the ih: FO ; 
nian orator, and friend:of Demosthenes, 
pays the greatest honour tothe poetry 


and genius of Tyrtaeus, in that oration, 


the only one of his now remaining, in 


which, with. the most. manly eloquence, 


he shows how much it would redound to 


the honour of Athens and to the good of 


the people, to condemn, for cowardice, 


| OF TYRTAEUS. ix 
and put to death, Leocrates; who, aſter 
the disaster atChacroneahadinfamonely 
deserted his country, in her greatest di- 
stress. among other. motives of just re- 
sentment against so base a man, he puts 
the 2 in mind of the e cha- 
sentiments id Fen dad 2 aw 
rence of cowards, and their love and esteem 
of those poets whose muse inspires the 
mind with courage and intrepid resolu- 
tion, and makes men prodigal of life to 
save their country. he tells them, that, i in 
this respect, Homer was the favourite of 
ancient Athens, and Tyrtaeus of Lace- 
daemon; classing the two together, as, with 
the e eee is ** n 
the motto. eee on 4 


* OF TYRTAEUS 

Blau, says he, un 7% OMHPON' Tar 
dau- today, traavay, Aru ydg d iu of 
url ges cht Civ Tomrip, dg voor ier rh, 
uf sc verrate rug Thy Tiaralhmaiur, wore 
roy «Xu ronrridi gale Ta en" eriderur 
Tod uerer rg 785 EM, Sr. Te . Toy 
40% u irongBulo, eixb ros. of ub yay vouor, d THY 
ourToulay, V dd, GAN'E 7 Envrdleow, a dei ro- 


&1v* of d o, d e Tov dcr vor Bioy, 70 
4 Tay tgyar ixnciduive, herd NE Ar- 
delbeus T3; dg ovureiduow, ENT, Vg, Tol 
Tyr! pu a Tis rag, Tag ei- 
once · 
AN H ef N — 3 duns dnia, 
Bxuifieos 116 rumeis, dcn Y rrbrhoN SIe” 
Tehrd ro. & of dens, apvvopero tepi æν]ο, 
Tieboau - d GAGy os 7c on, x) ri Texvas | 
Kal x, x) olxos, axnealog* eixev Aol 


OB TFRTARYS A 
Mares vd mooi cd ie raTgidn; pains"), 
Tora tur 6x01 du — re- 
aue u gere Gre Heidi re air | 
„ edle due. 


cu. r Blog e enen, mi 
En — i be} ej ii whym Opie 
d, #3} 79 rar d eu, Tor wr RR 


en ee Tay d Hνννον&v der ci rut, faults 
urres. Ne * 


—— abe d babe, nag rugs 
nyeudya N, j meien vis hurriis. ala, ei 
F 


i OF TYRTAEUS 


TOY af '*Hiparieatus yeyerns r, ol E Baoikeduom 


| & Endpry, T8; Tag uu nytudyas Xueive; 0 eos 
Expire, Tas tn dromtgOorrer N 7 hv bueivoy d geri : 


ropltew; 715 vag, U ode, 707 E Muh, 6T1, TYP. 
TAION g EN ra is ard eg, fuel © 
xa! Toy ToXtuloy agel rn 9 ru ref Th; ves 


Emmons ouverdiarro; & ub eis rd Tagore 


duo y; GN eig dir,? #0 ald, NOD 
* s. XATEAITE yap a AN νẽỹ moons, fv 
extorres Tu, Thos arpelar* , reg vd d- 
Ne romrds u ene Myon E orres, ref) Thre Bro 

o cru, de Hoy e0evlo, Sr EV rod 


> . 1 
Rag EXSOULTEUOLLEVOL d, xινν, Er H 


gig , A οννπ Ov Tugralu TMOMpLATY, 
SY PP ow... 
anavra; vou! Coles d rog dy QUT86 MANI red ng 


. ebe Ne doe N oromer & E x Toe 


r dx30% Tay teyeloy, ineomlonle o errors 


ed do / vy Tap ned. 


or TT RTA ZUG. i 
Here Lycurgus pronounces che fourch 
of the nn e _ * en 


thus. | 
| KA u ve, 8 5 da, xa} 2 — ros GEN 
 pufyois mort ew. ü ro Toivuy & ov dg dollar o ot 
ur Gedi, © dee, gs Thy rh iu reg This 
yeuo las a u pve riñ, 7. eixò ros. Ta yay * 
| rar your ajuPoTEQA; ij x Te õ PENG. ol u yay 
* Too yorot T8; BagCdpus vir, of rg roi TT 
| *Amlodis' z xalagary. e rolnay, ThV G- 
Helar TS Y, x} T dyeriy T3 bus, reg 
V ryvoutłvnv. A axedanubyrr 855 K Ev O equoruau 7a a 
rabdue, Tar; ptr THY au dualcs iyghoalo, Th 
N ddęeſæ roh molar Sthyeſras. Toryagiy, #7] Toi; 
blos TH 3 * glu, pagrupd i ei s agen; auTEY 
enryehnpine, anni, 7g0s Grasſas Em 
2 33 AFTELAON AAKEAATMONIONS or rn 
on Kxntan niet NOMIMORS. 


xxiv ar TYATAEUS — + 


: | BAAHNAQN IPOMAXOTNT ES et arten 
XPYZOGOPAQN MHAQN ESTOPEZAN AYNAMIN, 


Tab ra, © Abra, I u adeclai xa 5 
rait A £7g1m0, 2h TY re. Ata a deſurm vs. 


A & d AzaxpdTys erte · G, Kd, Tir 


& dalle vd ald ounteurputry Th bet Wikav 
Ueber . d, Ae , 0 eiriſe auT0y, de dele 
ad us EN x Uucis TH TOUT TOY egy 
lunes. ei, i, uit vis æpuxias Ths manains dN 
aeg fidt u The dos - peydda. Mu- 
Je. ol, vag, eveives wh Oaupatalcs, - dr r, 


voa waperofasr vouul(arTts, £ EXEIVA j Trag rols 
mra\gjuors cube i, a E opiy aer x Te 


Yoolus xexglatiu a. 1 | 
It may ot be improper co 8ubjoin here, 


likewise, thepassageof*Justin;fromwhich, 


is partly drawn, and partly connected, this 


er TYRTAEYS — — MV 
tle etch of ancient story, and of 4 
poet ho makes a principal figure in the 
ortant period of it. a sketch, in 
e as not at all intended, uniformly 
co Preserve mmm 
NISLOTY. no. it is written 
with the freedom PR — 
duce both him and them to the acquaint- 
ance of the young gentlemen, to whom, 
they are anscribed, and this addressed. 
The passage in Justin is chis. 
| Reges Lacedaemoniorum; ae contra 
Fortunam pugnando, majora detrimen 
civitati i infligerent, reducere exercitum vo- 
luerunt; ni interveniſſet Tn raus; qui 
composita carmina exercitui pro concione 
8 


xxvi OF TYRTAEUS. 
recitavit; in quibus, hortamenta virtutis, 
damnorum solatia, belli consilia; conſcri- 
pserat. itaque, tantum ardorem militibus 
injecit, ut, non de salute, sed de sepultura, 
soliciti, tesseras, insculptis suis et patrum 
nominibus, dextro brachio deligarent; ut, 
si omnes adversum proelium consumsis- 
set, et temporis spatio confusa corporum 
lineamenta essent, ex indicio titulorum 
tradi sepulturae possent. cum sic anima- 
dum reges exercitum viderent, curant rem 
hostibus nuntiari. Messeniis, autem, non 
timorem. res, sed aemulationem mutuam, 
dedit. itaque; tantis animis concursumeſt, 
ut raro unquam cruentius proelium fuerit. 
ad postremum, tamen, victoria a Lacedac 
moniorum fut. l | 1 


oe 


oF TYRTAEUS. XXII 


To the authority of Lycurgus, that the 
conduct of Tyrtaeus was the cause of the 
conquest of Messene, and che study of his 
poems established by law, as part of the 
military education at Lacedaemon, may 
be added the testimony of a celebrated 

historian of antiquity; Philochorus the 
"Fi Athenian, who flourished about the time 
of Prolemy Epiphanes. the following pas- 

. from him 1s | ROS | in Fg 

aeus. | 
O Adxares, & iy Toi dle, 1 TYPTAIOY 
roriuala d rouerols, erpob pio xhryow rod. 
.. #IAOXOPOY, de, end xpaTHCArTaAS ANU 
lo / ſus Meoowlor, d Thy Toprals lar, is 
Fai ſeſaiz bos rowonobar dv dermronongur- 
Ta N Teaviowew, dew, nal tra, Toglaiv, xglvew, 
N, T6 NH, x) abNov Mora T@ h vg 


AT Ho RIT 1 E s. 


4 From at, in the first, book 


of laws. from the oration of Ly- 


-eurgus against Leocrates, from 


Philochorus, in Athenaeus. from 


tin, book third, chapter fifth. 
b Stan, Rania, and Jus- 


tin, 


preserved the _ of the Mes- 
-Senian heroe, | 
d justin. | 5 
e Lycurgus; Strabo, from Phi- 
lochorus, Callesthenes, and many 
other historians, B. VIII. Pau- 
sanias; justin. 
f Plato; Lycurgus; Plutarch's 


Laconic apophthegms, in the ar- 
ticle of Pausanias son of Cleom- 


brotus. 


+ Ag... | 
h Are platarch, ibid | 


Jostin. 


Strabo, and Plutarch. from Sau- ö 
sanias in his Messenica; and Jus- 


; 9 Lyeurgus. 


r Plutarch, in the EE 
of his dialague on the compa- 
rative 8agacity of land and water 

5 The preceeding three poems 
are preserved in Stobaeus. and 
some few more lines and couplets 


are found in Strabo and Pausa- 


t Book III. Chap. 5. 
v Book XIV. Chap. me 


N. B. Omitted, in the” title of the W the ſirst letter of refe - 
rence (a), aſter the word TTA Tus. 


X K TAN. ro 


T T fr T A 4.0; 
n OA EN z NH i % 


A E Q ME N A 


A. * 
O01 T ier, Or ev Nye e reel, 
| Ovre code d . ure TAALTLOGUWNG* 
Ob ei KuxAwTay py To ee 74 Nun ce, 
Nan N. Gian Gui uon Bafim - 5 
Odd ei Tihayoo puny vais epos ein, 
Iiroin d Mildew % Kavpao T A609” 
Ob e: Tavranitew Tliaowe; Paouhevrepes du, 
Pagooay 3 Adpyry fe E νοο = 
Ob & αν Nu, r Depidoc anus . 
| 06 h anf crear pine e, 
xi 1} eben ee 
Kal duiay dfUνο ye ISH õç%. 
1 


2 r Tf ATO T. 4. 5. 

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OBSERVATIONS 


ON THE GREEK. TEXT, 


Fi 


WHICH OCCURRED WHILE THE PREFACE nan 
| "AT THE PRESS.” | 5 | 


IN PLUTARCH,' © 
Page xvii. line 13. KU. Hon 
has repeated this opinion of Leonidas, concern- 
ing the poetry of Tyrtaeus, in three different 


places of his writings. he has it again in the life | 
I | words, for the orator is here making the tran- 


sition, from the praite of Euripides, to the 


of Cleomenes, near the beginning, thus. 

Atri dar- b raxcaur, xiyuciy, £reporh 
birla, orb TH rs pairray romric yeye- 
rira Tvplaog, eie ayalic rio xc of - 
TTY EUTITNA neren, Yap, vd ru renn 
Tor, ENOOTZIA ZM Or, Taga rag Hexe 

HSEIAOTN EAYTNN. 046.4 

And, a third time, but more briefly, in his 
Laconic PC VEN 
thor, thus. 

Egoſubelc Adu oroTog 654 Tee à 0 
ric Ayabbc. &. e176, X&xarer rifr re. 

| Aixaaaen is a word of much the aame mean - 
* as xa e¹, tho more uncommon. it is 
found, however, once or twice, in Aristophanes. 
x«xavar, if a word - at all, and not a blunder, 
must, I fancy, be an · old laconic A at pre- 
sent out of our knowledge. | 
1N 'THE PASSAGE or LYeunGve,. 
from Doctor Taylor's: edition. 

xx. 2, i7arvwr,] On this, Doctor Tay- 

lor's note is; Loxiczxus haec vertere non 


" dobitariey quazi biden.” ego- * 
© me intelligere parum. vertit Mevas1vs in 


| % Pr8$18TRATO..C. xii. cupio equidem vobis 
© ef Homnrun /andans exhibere.” Meursius 


appears to me to have hit the real sense of the 


praite of Homer, his quotation from Euripides, 
which immediately preceeds, he had introdu- 
ced by these words ---Tmajuc ar ric Euer 


Tye EITATNEZEIEN. page 218.4. 5. 


XR. 2. UTinaCer Huan ol walips;.] Thus 
it is in-the'first edition, printed by Aldus 1.51 3. 
from a MS. brought from Mount Athos in 
Thrace, by John Lascaris, who travelled in 
of Tuscany. from this edition alone H. Ste- 


phens printed his own edition, and complains, 


in his preface, of the many gross errors, even 
typographical, he found in Aldus. it is, in- 
deed, one of the most incorrect :boaks Al- 
dus ever printed. in this quotation several occur 
merely typographical. as xxi. 10. i ro for i. 
755 xxi. 12. ir ideuor for imdlidwor; xxii. 2. 
auures for auenrsc, these are corrected by 
Stephens ho like wise. has, here, changed H- 


ub into T the change is of little conse 


D \ 


14 OBSERVATIONS ON THE OREEK TEXT; 
xxiii. 9. of u yap ® mpoyora,] The word | 


quence; Lycurgus varies the word himself. thus, 
a few lines before; having quoted Euripides, 
rab ra, says he, & arSpec, rc maTipac Hi 
kraj debt, and, by and by, after quoting Ho- 
mer, Tv/wv rb &wy axvorIic of Talipec T or. 
Gruter, in his edition, Hanov. 1619. and Dr. 
Taylor, have Tide, after Stephens. 

xxi. 7, T01-+--Fbx01 i.] I ima- 
gine it should be Tov 5oxov, the first edition 


by Aldus is extremely incorre&; the change is 


small from y to v, and gives the common ſyn- 
tax of the verb. so, by and by, xxii. 6. Tov 
Toxtjuluy ixparnoar, instances where an accu- 
Sative comes after xpa7io are but very few, 
and moſt of them 8uspiciqus. the run of the 
language is for the genitive; as universally, as, 
perhaps, almoſt any one age, on which a rule 
of language can be founded, 


xxi. 8. Tore Nes umu. “ Ita dis- 


tinxi, contra atque fecerat Stephanus, ut has 
* yoces ad participium x rh non ad ver- 


bum ixparyoay applicares, idque- merito 


©«. meo} ecce enim, Tore 1 A101 2 a 
_ © KOINHN aderay AH, eM role Exxyorxlops 
' vor, TAyLon.” perfectly right; and a proof 
of the importance of proper punctuation. 

xxii. 11. 2%“ TouTou,]- Doctor Taylor, 
after Scaliger, observes very justly that it 
should be rurdr. for it comes immediately af - 
ter el rb GAAYE : and seems, in . an er- 
ror of the preſs. 

xii, 13. Fray — O(0] 923 False Greek. 


read de-. 


1,407 seems to have dropt out out of the MS. 
tion. 


inserted, as a note concerning this word, an in- 
genious conjecture of Paulus, a learned 


gentleman, a soldier and a scholar; who, about 


volume of his observations on most of the best 
Greek writers; with whom, in the former part 
of his life, he had been accustomed to entertain 
himself, while in winter quarters, and, some · 
times, even in eamp. writing down, at the same 
time, on the margin, such remarks as oceasion 
ally occurred to him. his ere . on is 


| | word is this, 


4 Vox Tv Plv ee mendo- 
< ia credo est. in proclivi. foret- reponere Tv 
Piu minim differentia ductus literae p et g;; 
© ged non memini me legisze circa Thermopy- 
las fuisse P/or. nihil certe melius succur - 
*rit, et ler est etiam vox significativa; emi- 


0 non solum appellativa. sed hoc loco videtur 
** xvupioc et appellative sumi. $i quis quid me- 
46. lins cogitaverit, plausum dabo,” 

happy. Palmerius, writing, probably, from his 


neee 


erves. 


here; or been forgot by Aldus, in the first edi - 


xxiii. 15. 7s g.] Doctor Taylor has 


gentleman of Normandy; one equally, indeed, a 


ninety years ago, published, in his old age, a 


«© nentiam et pracripitem locum significat, et 


The conjecture is extremely ingenious and 


memory, at a distance from books, has not had 


bs DANS. ne. EC Re. AS. oi... ad. Mt oor NS. 


fler, properly and originally, signivies 8 
rummit, or cape, rising remarkably,. by itself, 
above the ground about it. this we are sure 
of from Homer; who uses it seven or eight 
times, and always in this sense. 30 does Theo- 
critus, after him; in the only two places where 
it occurs. hence, sometimes, a town upon an 
eminence was, from its situation, called Por, 
mch a town, in Messenia, is mentioned by Stra- 
bo; who, in the same place, mentions another 
town, called, in the same manner, Ard, from 
its high eituation. iSpuro N int aig uns, 
ap v 4 70 beα. Book viii. page 1 
Casaubon's edition. $0, also, the two remark- 
able promontories, which form the strait at the 
entrance of the bay of Corinth, were called, 
4 o xu, the Per and the Arriß gor; as 
we find like wise in Strabo, p. 334. d. 335. a. 
but, Thucydides, however, when relating the 
passage of the Athenian fleet thorough that 
Strait, chuses to keep to the proper significati- 
on of þ/ov, as found in Homer, and distinguishes 
ihe two promontories by epithets. or circum- 
stances. Book ii, p. 159. A. of H. Stephen's 
zecond edition; Tepiragves 6 ET def lor 67] 
Td ploy Th pronunpmiar , N Twro fer 7d 
ploy Pier Tor abyraio, 7d N ire Vier 1 
Fly arT1TEpac, Tod ir T60To i b. Ta 
flo 16 axain@----uh ira ito Tor plor is 
THY epuxoplar-—K- T. N. 50 also, a little be- 
fore, p. 1 57. D. Abmalor—ic ponUxperon ari- 
eon, ꝙ oraler chou ſec i 70 pie u- 


Pray, and, a —_ after, p. 165. A. t5noar d 


OBSERVATIONS on THE REER TEXT; | 15 


3% meren Tpomaler,-—, irre tnaCer 
ravy, aribercar ini ro por rh eee | 
T0 “t. 

— br extivence, ao in Her 
mer is called r, there was at Thermopylae ; 
within the wall, and in the pasaage to it; and, to 
that eminence Leonidas, when urrounded on all 
those reallest of heroes. there they made their 
arma, or splinters of their broken arms, remai- 
ned; nay, while they had a limb yet capable to 
do, or seem to do, an office of offence or de · 
fence. there they died; and, on the spot where 
their triumphant countrymen,. to whom their 
glorious death had proved the source of victory 
and pledge of independence. there, in fine, the 
council of the Amphictyones erected a pillar; 
with these inscriptions, to their memory. thus 
did the hill at Thermopylae become the moſt 
illustrious apot upon the globe. therefore it is 
called, both by Herodotus and by Lycurgus,. 
THE HILL. by Lycurgus, TO PION ; a word, 
as from the above quotation it would seem, of 
Doric origin; and therefore not to be expected. 
in Herodotus. he uses an Ionic word n 


| AQNOE, Book vii. 


01 — To e | 
txborlec, itorlo, tri TON KOAnNON, Tar 
ric axit; of ANN, mar Oubalor. © N A 
rde roc ici is Ty ice i e Oro i 


| tome ir At dapleini. di ogy au r. ras 


— — 


TY rt k -i yr r yedupele 
Atyorla: x. 7, A. in the same manner Lycurgus 
says their monuments were iv Toi; doi TY 
flu, upon the skirts of the hill. 


But, it may occur as an objection; how 
came an Athenian orator to use a Doric word, 


that, perhaps, may. readily be accounted. for 
thus. the glorious victories and gallant actions 


of the Greeks, in these two wars maintain'd for 


liberty against the Persian empire, were chiefly 
celebrated by the two great poets of the time, 
Simonides and Pindar. they. could not fail to 
consecrate to fame this hill, the scene of glory 


to the Greeks, both wrote in the Doric dialect; 


and, from their verses, so universally admired 
by their countrymen, this word might easily 
grow familiar, and in fashion, even at Athens; 
especially to Lycurgus, whose turn of expres- 
sion, where it departs from that character of 
stile preferred by Demosthenes, Aeschines, and 
Hyperides, leans. to the more ancient manner 
of Thucydides and Isaeus, and loves even to re- 
vive, at times, an antique word. 


Exxiv. 5. Tal mpatiow.] Here ** 


Taylor has this note. 
*Reſcribo TOI npAEAZIN, non re- 
4 bus gestis,' verum 4s qui getserunt. Quie- 
“ quamne est qui aliter sentiat ? 
his appears to meuather an improvement 
of the stile of Lycurgus than a necessary emen- 
dation of the text. it gives the expression a 
more simple and easy turn; which, however, 


as it stood, cannot, I think, be called impraper, 


16 5 OBSERVATIONS ON THE GREEK TEXT. 


| or obscure. for, to me, the sense of the paszage 
appears to be plainly this, ** theſe epitaphs are 
* /ikewice well deserving to be kept in memo- 
© ry; as both a worthy panegyric of those gal- 
“ lant adorns, and an immortal glory to our 
* ſtate.” is not i ai roc raĩc pd CL ae 
7] as proper an expreazion as Jia rj mine 
[nor] 

xxiv. 6. v=--T670/nxt, that is . 4 
Auer. 

xxiv. 6. ] Dr. Taylor praposes an altera- 
tion, his words are; Frigide. Vegetabis op- 
« positionem, 81 legeres modo, «nx EIZ AN 
ir is drarrec Ty aibroc curnb pon eu 
a Th Tone Sotay xa]noyurer, uns ille ex omni 
“gero collectam laudem dedecorayit.” “ 

I cannot read this note with the same plea · 
Sure which I commonly find in the learned and 
ingenious criticigms of this excellent scholar 
and worthy gentleman. but, «bi plura nitent, 
one small slip, if this be indeed a slip, is no- 
thing. is not, however, the very essence of this 
treason of Leocrates expreſs d in ix@r, besides, 
why ſuppose that Lycurgus meant to say, that, 
even one single man was able to disgrace the 
glory which the whole state of Athens had for 
ages been accumulating to itself? for chat wou d. 
1 imagine, be really the sense of ei wr. as to the 
turn given, in this note, to the sense, I am not sure 
if I understand ĩt; farther than that, by printing 
% unus---ex omni acvo” in a different charac- 
ter from the rest of the translation, the mean- 


ing seems, that, he alone, within the memory of 


" 7 7 8 @ 


Lo. 


4 
8 
1 
1 


7 2 > s v @® 5 vo 4 fo. + 


4 
ce 


= 7 +» & 


OBSERVATIONS ON THE CREEK TEXT. 
eren, had disgraced · &c. but, in the introdue- 


tion to these notes on this oration, we are in- 


formed, that, two other men were arraigned for 
this very treason; Lycurgus himself, as Plu- 


tarch relates in his life, being accuser of all the 
three; and one, at least, of the other two, had 
been, already, before the tryal of Leocrates 
came on, both tryed and condemned; as Ly- 
curgus himself, in the preceeding part of this 
very oration, expressly mentions. 

Lastly,by the very arrangement of the words 
here, i it is impossible, I think, to refer t aTay- 


roc Tv ai, to the d they must, from the | 


position of the article rm, be necessarily refer- 


red to rn Soar, 
xxiv. 14. re õẽs. ] © Quid mihi negocit | 
ett cum hostibus. contentio est inter auditores | 


% eorumque majores, Exera , Tape Tos 
* TTAAAIOIE ev$or par, Tape Tuulrx, 7.x. 
„TAYLOR.“ the objection is plausible, and the 


conjecture very ingenious. but, perhaps, Lycur- 
gus means, that, such a coward as Leocrates 


would not have escaped condign punishment 
among the MAcEDoNIAans. them, we know, 


he always thought enemies; tho he might not 


chuse to speak out his mind publickly, at the 


time of this tryal; when Alexander had now 


completed the conquest of Asia, and raised 
the Macedonian power to such a hight, as left 
but little, or no, hope to the Greek patriots, 
of recoyering again the independence of their 
country, ad : 


4 
p z 4 

Z : $ 

— 


in ATHENABUS / 


mn corrupted from ru. 
| IN TYRTAEUS. 
A 


N. ! It is ee in Stobaeus, 
and the editions of Tyrtaeus; which, here, is 


but bad Greek. 7T:6«uyr is reſtored from Plato, 
B. I. of the Laws, where he quotes this verse. 
V. 11, and 12, unn Was 
| quoted by Plato, in the same place. 
V. 15. Between this and the foregoing 


fourteen verses, there are inserted, in dada, 
| two short quotations from Euripides. | 


V. 16. Lab ag----ploy] on the note on 
F. 21. 


V. laſt, o e 


of Tyrtaeus; and on the margin of Stobaeus, as 

a reading of one MS, but, in his text, it is - 

At oy. N DE 
B. 


V. 16. %] leis Jeng in the two ed · 


tions of H. Stephens; one in folio, among the 
Poetae principes ; the other in duodecimo, along 
with Theocritus. but, in the text of Stobacus, 
it is Nu, without any other reading on the 
margin. . 15 
"OE" T. 


eee as f various reading 
from a MS, but, in the text, d] rathes 


preferable, considering what follow. 
* 5 


* i. 
Wy : 


. xxvü. 1 6. ©bvc vo α ber . 
co] So it is printed in Athenzeus, being 


r p5! N So; in the editions; and on 


+ 

z 

2 

' 

[4 

N 
194 
' 


nd GPSERVATIONS ON 
v. 6. avyagow u, On the margin of 
| Stabaeve, from one MS. there is x - 
en. of no moment. but the sense of this cou- 
plet is not eaſy to hit. perhaps it may be thus. 
* Look on life as odious in the sight of the 
* gun [unless you conquer; ] but think that 
© he will shine with. pleasure on your fallen 
bodies; however dark and gloomy death may 
*© be to others.” ee the preface, and the pas- 
Sage of Justin there. | 
V. 7. wordangsre} Amended in the edi- 
tions, from a reading of one MS. on the mar- 
gin of Stobaeus; in his text, TeauSaxpuy, 
v. 7. «p/Sraa}. On the margin of Stobee- 
us , according to som Mee, 
v. 9. pare] Tape in some MSs, on the | 
margin of Stobaeus, 
v. 19. «jo xpic} ayo xpir. as in the last 


note. 
v. 21, 23. 40 1 


that is, sTRIDE WELL AND STAND ran. 


SCC this again, A. 97. 32. 83 


V. 36. Shirt] This is in both editions 
of H. Stephens, akho' the text of Stobaeua, 
without any marginal mark of other reading, 
exhibits. «@axas[t, atrike em dem. it is, in- 
deed, frequently to be met with in ancient au- 
thors, that, a less know word has been changed 
into one more common. but, how came such a 
slip to escape 20 tharough-bred a scholar as | 
HENRY STRPHENS? let it be remembered, | 
that, in several of his editions, he gave himself 


-in See, eannot be lengthened in 


THE enn EA TIN. 


| necessarily obliged to end in correcting the 
presa; which, as he tells ug himself, he often 
did ad clepyydram, ot prole reverd currents, 
the proper meaning of Nia to throw ta the 
ground. it was, originally, a term used in went · 
ling, or struggling. the ancient form of it was 
from. ic - CY SAN came , as from 
- [Pair] vil came 674; and, from ig 
Kopaxa; came Guaganitc, dc. 
Rr 


pronouncing the verse. in the text of Stobaeus 
it in Foie: TazoTale ; and. an che margin. from 
ſome MSs. is Tarorairas ;. undoubtedly the 
tus reading ; the' a word, which, iu that com- 
| pound farm, is not found in the lexicong. thus, 
v. 7. there was, in the text of Stobacus, Texu- 
daxguy, for cena marked on the mar 
gn from a dds. 


&4 


| three times by . Stephens. firſt, in his edition 


v. 7,9. Exlpic pls ef -Aie xa di 
v, This laat poem of Tyrtaeus was printed 


ef the Poetae Principes Graaci, folio, 1 566. 
with the other pieces of Tyrtaeus, next, by it» 
elf, in the oration of Lycurgus, among the 
| Oratores veteres, folio, 1575. lastly, with the 
rest of Tyrtaeus, in his edition of Theocritus 
and some other poets, in duodecimo, 1579. he 
has inserted dr, which is his own emendation, 
in the first and last, tho' not in the second. the 


no more time to adjust the text, than he was 


verse plainly wanted a syllable, and the particle 


% = 
tf wry yen, tas RRR een , , EI INT 


7 * + - „„  . 


F 
- 
þ 
g 
2 
g 
ö 
ö 
. 
| 


. mere N, it must aleo be Aleve N. for this 


next hexameter, a mall zaleciam, in the Greak 
28 it stood, has excaped the notice of Stephensz 
or rather, the removal of it dependa upon a 
nicety of the language not attended to in his 
tine. Alo xn, TE bee, is a olecians here 3 
the true Grech is Aieyvre AR v. for, in 
Greek, when ſeveral things arc ta he exume- 
rated, as distinct from each other; either au 
of them, after tha firzt, is connected with the 
reit by the particle N; or, zene of them at all. 
Tyrtaeus here enumerates the several circum- 


' $tances of distrets which befalt the man who 


abandaps the defence of his country. the cir- 
cumstances he mentions are plainly there four, 
1. Being sunk in indigence and poverty, he finds 
no friend wherever he goes. 2. He diegraces 
his ancestors, 3. He affronts the manly figure of 
his own person. 4. Despair and misery are his 
companions. therefore, vince it is ixiyye dd, 


is an invariable rule, as any one will plainly zee, 
upon perusing, with a very little attention, apy 
Greek Classic. and, for the same reason that 


d ought to be restored here, it ought to be 


taken away in the second verse of the second 
ode of Anacreon; where, instead of Orad 
3 tSwxer Irroic, the true reading is Orad 
Sox Trroic. there is indeed an additionab | 
reason for this emendation in Anacreon, ariſing 
from the ratio temporum ; another, and, per- 
haps, the chief nicety of this fine language; 

which Dr. n | 


OBSERVATIONS ON THE QREER TEXT. 


gely anpplies it with great propriety. but, in the | made uma advencee for bb 2 bue 


0, in the middle voice. in K. v. 1. reh 


in all the former editions; becaure the true read» 

ing is found in Plato. the netio liagure Gram 
is the zame here; but, where there is na vouch» 
| er, it ia, in most cages, the better way, ta make 
vo change in the text itvelf, whatever be pro» 
posed in the notes. 


* 


= 


v. 26. alijuia} Ancumdetion ef N Shes 
phens; incerned in his fra and third editions, 
hut net in the end where he bea aryl, 
as has De. Taylor. Aldue has nciher the cas 
nor the other 3 hut, plainly, druule j which is 
equally near tQ exther, hut, of the two, the en. 
demands dm. deepair being, naturally, the 
lazt and inizbing diatrcae, which rendars mizery 
complete. enyle was abeady included in the 
former part of the deceripyan. | | 
v. 15. . Wanne be e 


v. 2. The cence ef thivand the thee fob 


lowing verses has been atrangely nuztaken. they 
are, along with some of the preceeding verses, 
an imitation of Priam's speech to. Hector, Book. 
XX, of the Iliad. 


I-11 x. 71. 
| — N 7s warl imionctr. 
"Apri xraypire, yu 6%er Xaaxe, 


Keobar ra N xaxd dar rey, l ane 


"Ax ore 8 roduir T6 Kapn, moor T6 yirews, 


Al r ax xurte * yiporloc, 
Toro d oN ribtre 


eee. 


20 OBSERVATIONS ON THE T3311 TEXT. 


This has misled the translators and editors; 
who have endeavoured, here, to construe the 
words of Tyrtaeus so as to make him agree 
with Homer exactly; not being aware, that, he 

varies a little from his original. in Homer, Pri- 
am only says that all the chances of war, death 

and mangled limbs, are becoming and honour- 
able to a young man. Tyrtaeus, extending the 


thought, takes in both war and peace. all 
ce conditions, of life, or death, become, alike, 
& the young man. as long as he is in the bloom 
& of youth, he has, while living and at home, 


© an amiable appearance, both in the sight of 
et men and women; and, falling in the field, he 


ce makes a comely figure in the bed of honour.” 
thus, these four verses, to be easily understood, 
need only to be right pointed, and the meaning 


of the particle «pa properly attended to. Dr. 


Taylor, in his note on these verses, very justly 


blames Lonicer the Latin translator; but he, 


almost, blames Tyrtaeus too. Ex Graecis, 
« gays he, non gane ardentissimis, Latina fri- 
* oida fecit: being led, I imagine, into this 


E R R 


eriticism, by the vitious punctuation by the 
wrong turn given to the sense in both of the 
two Latin translations, in prose, and verse; 
and, perhaps, out of deference to Scaliger's opi- 
nion; who thought the Greek vitiated, and for 
FT, . MEN O1Toto:, proposed to read dy- 
dp, EN bn; an alteration which dis- 
covers no great skill, either in Greek, or in good 
writing; and is only excusable when consider- 
ed as an extemporary thought, hastily jotted 
down on a margin. to me, these verses, in Tyr- 
taeus, seem to have lost nothing of the origi · 
nal glow, given them, at first, by Homer. 

V. 31. 4v dab, &c.] Doctor Taylor, 
in a note here, gives, from the Miscellaneae 
Observationes Criticae, T. 1. p. 1 26. the true 
meaning of this expression. see, above, the 
vote at T. 21, 22. 2 


| N. B. The following Latin translation of 
Tyrtaeus is printed, without any alteration, 


from the edition of Rn in nn 
179 ; 


A T 4. 


Page 9. verse 9. for de, read dd. 
Page 14. column 2. line 2. dele od. 


_ FT * $$ we. 0 USO. 


Neque si Tantalidem Pelopem regno vincat, 


Neque si gloriam omnem praeter bellicam Linking habeat, 


TAP Ky; T Mui Wd 
DE VIRTUTE BELLICA 


CARMINUM RELIQUIAE. 


Ks 
N ON memoraverim virum, nec in pretio habuerim, | 
Seu virtutis pedum [gratia] seu luctae; ' 
Neque si Cyclopum habeat magnitudinem et robur, 
Et currendo vincat'Thracium Aquilonem; 
Et forma sit vel ipso Tithono praestantior, 
Et locupletior quam aut Midas aut Cinyras reges; 


Linguamque Adrasti guavissimam habeat; 


Non enim vir bonus est in bello, 
Si non sustineat· caedem videre cruentam, 
Et propiùòs hostem stare cupiat. 


22 nan Li 
Haec virtus est, hoc optimum inter homines praemium, 
Et maximè decorat virum juvenem, à quo geritur. 
Commune hoc bonum ene civitati, et universo populo, 
Si quis vir progressus inter pugnantes-in- prima - acie maneat 
Constanter, turpisque fugae prorsus. obliviscatur, 
Vitam et animum patientem objiciens periculo; 
Animetque ad mortem obeundam proximum virum adstans: 
Hic vir bonus est in bello. 
Statim verò hostium in fugam vertit phalanges 
Asperas, suaque industrià praelii fluctus rn 
Ipse autem in prima acie prostratus charam amittit 
Civitatem, et populos, et patrem honestans; 
Multis per pectus et scutum rotundum vulneribus, 
Et per thoracem ab anteriore Parte zauciatus. 
Hunc vero lugent pariter juvenes senéèsque, 
Et gravi desiderio tota civitas funus ipsius progequitur. . 
Hujus sepulcrum, et liberi inter homines praeclari sunt, 
Itemque nepotes, et omne posterorum genus. 


it vitam, 


T R NAT 
Nunquam ejus bona gloria interit, neque nomen ipsius, ; 
Sed, quamvis sub terra sit, manet immortalis, | 
Quem se fortiter gerentem, manent&mque, et pugnantem 
Pro patria et liberis vehemens Mars peremerie. - 
| Quid «i effugerit sortem mortis longum-inducentis-goporem, 
1 M orig potitus splendidam gloriam pugnae auferat: 
Ipsum ex aequo omnes juvenẽsque Senẽsque colunt, 
Multisque jucundis afſectus ad Orcum abit. 
Senescens autem inter cives praecellit, neque quis illum 
Laedere nec irreverenter nec injustè cupit; 
Omnesque in sedibus juvenes simul ct acquales 
Loco cedunt ei, quique majores natu sunt. FI 
Hujus igitur virtutis ad summum pervcire mae d- 
Nitatur animo, non remittens bellum. 


24 *I r 


1 


QUAMDIU torpetis? quando strenuum n animum, 


0 juvenes? neque veremini vicinos 
Ob tantam ignaviam? In pace autem vobis videmini | 
Sedere: sed bellum totam regionem infestat. 
* * HOT 
Et aliquis moriens ultimò jaculum emittat. 
Honori enim est et ornamento viro, pugnare : 


Pro patria et liberis et tenera uxore, 3 9 


Adversus hostes. Mors autem aderit, quandocunque 


Parcae destinaverin t. Sed age quispiam rectà pergat 
Extenso in altum gladio, et ub scuto forte pectus 
Foveat, quùm primùm incipiet committi ms. 


Non enim mortem effugere fatale est 


Virum, neque si a majoribus immortlibus genus duct, 
Saepe quis elapsus e e pugna sonitique telorum 
Evadit, sed ipsum] domi fatalis mors apprehendit. 


T.YRTAE'L IL 7 
Atque hic sanè nec amicus est populo, nec gratus: 


Illum verò magnus et parvus deflent, siquid passus fuerit. 


Universus enim populus virum fortem desiderat 
Defunctum, viventem verò instar semidei colit. 
Nam coram intuentur illum velut turrim: 
Quippe solus multorum aequat facinora. 


26 T VRTAE TL 
Ul. 
VERUMT AME N Herculis genus imvi dunn extis | 
Confidite, nondum Jovis facies aversa est a nobis. 
Nec hominum turbam formidetis aut metuatis; 
Quin rect quisque hostibus scutum obvertat, 
Invisam amissurus animam, mortisque nigrum, 
Sed solis splendori gratum, subiturus fatum. 
Nostis enim quam gravia sint Martis luctuosi opera, 
Nostis etiam impetum permolesti belli: 
Et quandoque fugistis ipsi, quandoque alios fugastis, 
Juvenes, utrumque satis experti estis. 


Nam ex illis qui audent, unà persistentes, 
Cominus in hostes adversos impetum facere, 
Perpauci occidunt, retroque servant populum: 
Timidorum autem virorum omnis perit virtus. 
Vix autem aliquis verbis explicare possit 
Quanta incurrat mala vir qui se turpiter dederit. 


TT NTAE IL III. 15 
Ignominiosum namque est tergum sauciare 
Viri fugientis in adverso pracho j; 

Turpe quoque est cadaver in pulvere prostratum 
Atque in tergo hastae cuspide vulneratum. oo 
Sed progressus quispiam maneat firmus utroque pede 
Terrae infixo, labia dentibus praemordens: 
Femora et tibias infernẽ, necnon pectus humerosque 
| Lati dlypei umbone contegens: 
Dextra vero manu validam hastam torqueat, 
| Terribilemque in capite cristam motet. 
Fortia autem patrans facta discat bellare, 
Nec a telis procul absit clypeum gerens. 
Sed congrediens quispiam, cominus longa hasta 
Vel gladio percussurus, hostem capiat: | 
Et pedem pedi jungens, clypeumque clypeo admovens, 
Necnon cristam cristae, galeamque aptans galeae, 
Pectorique obverso pectore contra hostem pugnet, 
Vel gladii capulo, vel hasta praclonga arrepta. | 


28 TVYVRTAE I. I. 35. 


Vos autem, levis-armaturae-milites, dub scutis aliunde ali 
Trepidantes, grandibus pugnate lapidibus, 
Hastasque leves contorquete in hostes, 
[Vestram] prope armaturam permanentes. 


TM RAT: 1 
5 1 i * + * 2 
N 


At nos animo ſorti pro terra hac 


Moriamur, nequaquam vitae ie Ierrnes 


timoris initium facite. | 


<> 2 CC, —¶ů p ů p —„—-— — —— 2 — 
. 


5 a * Fe ® 
30 T VRT AE I. IV. 17. 


Sed magnum fortemque concipite animo impetunmm 0 


Neque pugnantes adversus hostes vitae rationem habete. 
Veteranis autem, quorum genua non — sunt a. 
| Grandaevis relidts ne fie. e 272 Eto O77 OT 18 0 
Turpe enim est si in prima acie prostratunn 127 alp 
Faceat ante juvenes vir senior, 
Candidum jam habens caput, barbamque canam, 6 
Animam efflans fortem in pulvere: f 
Cruenta charis manibus pudenda tegenns 
( Quae oculis intueri et turpe'et indignum est 
Et denudatus 1 2 1g 2p 
Dum pulchrum pubertatis florem habent. | 4 
Viris quidem mortalibus et mukeribus visu amabilis . E 1 
Virus adhuc, pulcher autem, quum in prima acie coder, | 
Sed progressus ad pugnam quispiam maneat utroque pede 
Terrae infixo, labia dentibus anne, ll | 


P 's N x. - Þ 


AY 


