192 


Dr. W. G. McIntosh on the 


XXVIII. — On the Invertebrate Marine Fauna and Fishes of 

St. Andrews. By W. C. MTntosh. 

[Continued from p. 155.] 

Subclass ANNULATA DISCOPHORA. 

Fam. 1. Hirudinea, Savigny. 

Genus Pontobdella, Leach. 

Pontobdella muricata , L. ; Johnst. Cat. p. 39. 

Abundant on skate, and tossed on the West Sands after 
storms. 

Pontobdella littoralis , Johnst. Cat. p. 42. 

Not uncommon on Cottus bubalis thrown on the West Sands 
after storms, and occasionally in the stomach of the haddock. 
It is curious that an example of Piscicola geometra should have 
been found on the former fish on the sands near the mouth of 
the Eden. 

Fam. 5. Malacobdellea, J. V. Cams. 

Genus Malacobdella, Blainville. 

Malacobdella grossa , 0. F. Muller ; Johnst. Cat. p. 35. 

Occasionally in Cyprina islandica. The late Dr. Fraser 
Thomson procured my specimen. 

Subclass ANNULATA OLIGOCHiETA. 

Fam. Lumbricina, D’Ud. 

Genus Clitellio, Sav. 

Clitellio arenariuSj O. F. Muller; Johnst. Cat. p. 66. 

In swarms under stones on sandy and muddy ground between 
tide-marks. 

Subclass ANNULATA POLYCII^TA. 

Fam. 3. Aphroditidae. 

Genus Apiirodita, L. 

Aphrodita aculeata , L. ; Malmgren, Annulat. Polychaet. &c. 
p. 3. 

Abundant in deep water, and thrown on the West Sands 


Annelida of St. Andrews. 193 

in thousands after some winter storms. It is also a common 
diet of the cod and haddock. 

Fam. 4. Polynoidae. 

Genus Lepidonotus, Leach. 

Lepidonotus squamatus , L. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 4. 

Frequent in deep water, under stones in pools between tide- 
marks, on the West Sands after storms, and in the stomachs 
of cod and haddock. 

Genus Nychia, Mgrn. 

Nychia cirrosa , Pallas ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 5. 

Occasionally in deep water, and on the West Sands after 
storms. 

Genus Lagisca, Mgrn. 

Lagisca propinqua , Mgrn. op. cit. p. 9. 

Occasionally in ddbris of the fisliing-boats. It is distin- 
guished by its greyish scales mottled with black, by the dark 
spots at the bases of the feet, the mottling of the dorsum 
beneath the scales, and by the position of the eyes (the posterior 
pair only being visible from the dorsum). The dorsal bristles 
have a short clear portion at the tip ; the ventral are long, 
much tapered and minutely bifid superiorly, while the inferior 
have shorter and stouter tips, more evidently bifid. 

Genus Harmothoe, Kinberg. 

Harmothoe imbricata , L. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 9. 

Very abundant under stones between tide-marks, and ranging 
to deep water. 

Harmothoe lunulata y Delle Chiaje, Descriz. e Not. pi. 144. 
f. 5 & 6 ( fide Claparhde). 

Occasionally on the West Sands after storms. 

Harmothoe Macleodi , MTntosh. 

Stomach of the cod. It is allied to II. zetlandica in regard to 
general appearance and processes. Scales fourteen to fifteen 
pairs, pale and semitranslucent ; dorsal cirri scarcely extend 
beyond the bristles ; serrations of the dorsal bristles continued 
to the tip ; ventral bristles boldly bifid, and with rather broad 
tips. 


194 


Dr. W. C. McIntosh on the 


Genus Polynoe, Sav. 

Polynoe JZoccosa, Savigny, Syst. des Annel. p. 23. 

Not uncommon on the West Sands after storms ; and under 
stones between tide-marks. 


Genus Evarne, Mgrn. 

Evarne impar , Jolinst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 10. 
Occasionally under stones iu pools between tide-marks, and 
in littoral sponges. 


Genus L^nilla, Mgrn. 

Lamilla setosissima , Savigny, Syst. des Anndl. p. 25 ; 
Mgrn. op. cit. p. 12. 

Polynoe longisetis , Grube ; Lamilla glabra , Mgrn. ; and Ilarmothoe Malm - 
greni, Lankester. 

Tossed on the West Sands after storms, amongst tangle- 
roots. Not uncommon. 


Genus Hermadion, Ivinberg. 

Ilermadion pellucidum ) Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, i. p. 105, 
pis. 3 & 4. 

Occasionally in deep water amongst corallines and shells. 

Ilermadion assimile } MMntosh. 

Amongst the ddbris in the fishing-boats. This species is 
easily discriminated from the foregoing (in spirit) by the 
presence of a brownish-black band commencing behind the 
head, and continuing along the central line to the tail. Dorsal 
bristles with the rows of spikes much less marked, and with 
a notch at the tip of each bristle ; the ventral bristles have a 
somewhat blunt tip, with processes or beaks which differ 
characteristically from those of the foregoing. 


Genus IIaloSYDNA, Kinberg. 

Ilalosydna gelatinosa , Sars ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 14. 

Not uncommon under stones in rock-pools and in the 
stomach of the cod. 


195 


Annelida of St. Andrews. 

Genus Malmgrenia, MHntosli. 

Malmgrenia andreapolis , McIntosh. 

Amongst the ddbris in the fishing-boats, in the stomachs of 
cod and haddock, and abundantly on the West Sands after 
storms. The scales have a persistent brown belt. Dorsal 
bristles terminated by a peculiar knob ; ventral bifid, but the 
distal process is constituted by a modification of the knob. 

Genus Enipo, Mgrn. 

Enipo Kinhergij Mgrn. op. cit. p. 15. 

Occasionally in the stomachs of cod and haddock. 

Fam. 6. Sigalionidse. 

Genus Stiienelais, Kinberg. 

Slhenelais boa } Johnst. Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 124. 

Not uncommon between tide-marks under stones. 

Stiienelais limicola , Elders, Die Borstenwiirmer, i. p. 120, 
pis. 4 & 5. 

Abundant on the West Sands after storms, and in the 
stomachs of cod, haddock, and flounders. 

Genus Sigalion, M.-Edwards. 

Sigalion Mathilda ?, M.-Ed. Hist, du Litt. de la France, ii. 
p. 105, pi. 2. 

Common on the West Sands after storms, and in the stomachs 
of cod and haddock. 

Genus Piioloe, Johnst. 

Pholoe minuta, Fab. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 17. 

Frequent under stones between tide-marks, and also in 
deep water. 

Fam. 7. Nephthydidse. 

Genus Nepiithys, Cuvier. 

Nephthys ccecaj Fab.; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 18. 

Common on the beach after storms, in sand under stones 
between tide-marks, and in the stomachs of cod, haddock, and 
other fishes. 


196 


Dr. W. C. MTntosh on the 


Nevhth/s llomhen/ii. Aud. & Ed. Hist. Litt. olirn cit. p. 235, 
1 pi. 5 b. f. 1-6. 

Not uncommon between tide-marks, and in the stomachs of 
cod and haddock. 

Nephthys Johnstoni ( longisetosa , Johnst.). 

Occasionally between tide-marks, and in the stomachs of 
cod and haddock. This quite differs from the N. longisetosa 
of CErsted, Malmgren, and others. 

Earn. 8. Phyllodocidse. 

Genus Notopiiyllum, CErst. 

Notophyllum folio sum, Sars; Mgrn. op . cit. p. 19. 

Amongst the ddbris of the fishing-boats. Not common. 

Genus Genetyllis, Mgrn. 

Genetyllis lutea , Mgm. op. cit. p. 20. 

Occasionally in deep water. 

Genus Phyllodoce, Savigny. 

Phyllodoce grcenlandica y CErst.; Mgm. op. cit. p. 21. 

Thrown in numbers on the West Sands after storms ; 
stomachs of cod and haddock. 

Phyllodoce maculata , 0. F. Muller; Johnst. Cat. p. 177. 

Common under stones between tide-marks. 

Phyllodoce laminosa , Savigny ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 24. 

Frequent between tide-marks, in the laminarian region, 
on the West Sands after storms, and in the stomachs of cod, 
haddock, and other fishes. 

Genus Eumida, Mgrn. 

Eumida sanguinea , CErst., and var. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 25. 

Common between tide-marks under stones, and on the West 
Sands after storms. 

Genus Eulalia (Sav.), Mgm. 

Eulalia viridis , O. F. Miiller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 25. 

Abundant between tide-marks, and ranging to deep water. 


197 


Annelida of St. Andrews. 

Eidalia bilineata , Johnst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 25. 

Under stones in rock-pools. Frequent. 

Eidalia tripunctata } n. sp. 

Amongst the debris of the fishing-boats. Colour pale 
yellow, with three rows of black spots on the dorsum. 

Genus Eteone (Sav.), Mgrn. 

Eteone picta , De Quatref. Annelds, ii. p. 147. 

West Sands after storms, in the stomachs of cod and 
haddock, and rarely under stones at the East Rocks. 

Eteone andreapolis , McIntosh. 

Oil the West Sands after storms. The species has large 
eyes, a peculiarly shaped head, and madder-brown or purplish 
bands on the dorsum. 

Eteone arctica , Mgrn. (?) ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 27. 

West Sands after storms. 

Genus Eteonella, MUntosh. 

Eteonella Robertiance , MUntosh. 

Found whilst digging for littoral annelids. It appears to 
be most closely allied to Eteone longa , (Ersted. Head conical, 
with a distinct furrow on each side ; and, like Malmgren’s 
Cluetoparia , the cephalic and buccal segments seem to be 
united ; for two short filiform tentacles proceed from the 
posterior part of the head ; the mouth, moreover, opens in 
the cephalic segment ; no visible eyes in spirit ; there is a 
distinct elevation in the centre of the head posteriorly ; the 
lobes of the feet are lanceolate. 

Fam. 9. Hesionidae. 

Genus Castalia, Savigny. 

Castalia punctata ) O. F. Muller; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 31. 

Not uncommon in deep water, and occasionally under stones 
near low-water mark. 

Genus Psamatiie, Johnst. 

Psamathe fusca, Johnst. Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 182, pi. 14 a. t. 4. 

Frequent under stones in pools and moist places between 
tide-marks. 


198 


Dr. W. C. McIntosh on the 


Fam. 10. SyllidaB. 

Genus Autolytus, Grube. 

Autolytus prolifer , 0. F. Muller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 32. 
Not uncommon near low-water mark under stones, and 
ranging to deep water. 

Autolytus (Procercea) pictus, Elders, Die Borstenwiirmer, 
i. p. 256, pi. 11. f. 8-17. 

Occasionally under stones in tide-pools. This form also 
appears to show alternation of generations. 

Genus Eusyllis, Mgrn. 

Eusyllis tubifex, Gosse(?) ; MTntosh, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 
vol. xxv. 2. p. 414. 

Abundant on laminarian blades east ashore by storms. 

Genus ExOGONE, (Erst. ( Sphcerosyllis ). 

Exogone naidina , CErst. (?), Archiv f. Naturg. xi. 1845, 
p. 20, Taf. 2. 

Occasionally under stones in rock-pools. 


Genus Syllis, Savigny. 

Syllis ar miliar is, O. F. Muller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 42. 
Frequent between tide-marks under stones and in the 
laminarian region. 


Genus “ Ioida,” Johnst. 

u Ioida macrophthalma ,” Johnst. Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 197, 
pi. 14 a. f. 5. 

Occasionally between tide-marks. This is the sexual bud 
of a Syllis. Four or five of the segments anteriorly are devoid 
of the long bristles. 


Fam. 11. Nereidse. 

Genus Nereis, L. 

Nereis pelagica , L. ; Mgrn. op. cit . p. 47. 
Everywhere abundant from high-water mark to the coralline 
ground, and in the stomachs of many fishes. 


199 


Annelida of St. Andrews . 

Nereis cultrifera } Grube ; Ehlers, Die Borstenwurmer, 
ii. p. 461, pis. 18-20. 

Frequent between ticle-marks under stones on muddy 
ground, and in the stomachs of various fishes. 

Nereis Dumerilii, Aud. & Ed. ; Ehlers, op. cit. p. 535. 

It is curious that only the epitocous form (olim Tphinereis 
fucicola) has yet occurred, viz. in the coralline region and on 
the West Sands after storms. 

Genus IIediste, Mgm. 

Ilediste diversicolor , 0. F. Muller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 49. 

Occasionally between tide-marks, and after storms on the 
West Sands. 

Genus Eunereis, Mgrn. 

Eunereis longissima , Johnst. ; Mgrn. op. cit . p. 57. 

Occasionally cast ashore on the West Sands after storms. 
This is an epitocous form, the relations of which arc at present 
in obscurity ; there is no known species with which it may be 
connected except those mentioned here. 

Genus Nereilepas, Blainville. 

Nereilepas fucata , Savigny ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 53. 

Abundant on the coralline ground, chiefly in company with 
Pagurus in Buccinum. It also occurs in the stomachs of 
various fishes. 

Genus Alitta, Ivinberg. 

Alitta virens , Sars ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 56. 

Sometimes thrown in large numbers on the West Sands 
after storms, and not uncommon in the stomachs of cod. 

Fam. 13. Lumbriconereidae. 

Genus Lumbriconereis (Blainv.), M.-Edwards. 
Lumbriconereis fragilis, 0. F. Muller; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 63. 

West Sands after storms, and in the stomachs of haddock 
and flounders. Not rare. 

Lumbriconereis Laurentiana , Grube, Archiv f. Naturg. 

Bd. xxix. 1863, p. 40. 

Stomachs of cod and haddock. 


200 


Dr. W. C. McIntosh on the 


Fam. 15. OnuphididaB. 

Genus Onuphis, Sars. 

Onuphis tubicola , 0. F. Miiller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. G7. 
Fragmentary specimen in the stomach of a haddock. 

Fam. 16. Goniadidas. 

Genus Goniada, Aud. & M.-Ed. 

Goniada maculata , (Erst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 68. 
Common in the stomachs of cod and haddock. 

Fam. 17. Glyceridae. 

Genus Glycera, Savigny. 

Glycera dubia , Blainv. (vel Uouxii ) Aud. & M.-Ed.?). 
West Sands after storms and in fissures of rocks. 

Glycera capitata ) (Erst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 70. 
Occasionally in the stomachs of cod and haddock. 

Glycera Goesi , Mgrn. op. cit. p. 71. 

Stomachs of cod, haddock, and flounders. Not uncommon. 

Fam. 18. Ariciidae. 

Genus Aricia, Savigny. 

Aricia Cuvieri 7 Aud. & M.-Ed. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 71. 
Common between tide-marks in sand, and thrown on the 
West Sands after storms. 

Genus Scoloplos (Blainv.), (Erst. 

Scoloplos armiger , 0. F. Muller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 72. 
Frequent between tide-marks under stones on sandy ground. 

Fam. 19. Opheliid®. 

Genus Ammotrypane, II. Rathke. 
Ammotrypane aulogaster , II. Rathke ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 73. 
Occasionally in the stomachs of haddocks. 


Annelida of St. Andrews. 


201 


Genus Ophelia (Sav.), M. -Edwards. 

Ophelia limacina , H. Ratlike ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 74. 

Very abundant on the West Sands after storms, and often 
in the stomachs of cod and haddock. 

Genus Travisia, Johnst. 

Travisia Forbesii , Johnst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 75. 
Occasionally under stones on gravel at East Rocks, and in 
the stomachs of flounders. 

Fam. 20. Scalibregmidse. 

Genus Eumenia, CErst. 

Eumenia crassa , (Erst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 76. 

In the stomach of the haddock. Not uncommon. 

Genus Scalibregma, H. Rathke. 

Scalibregma inflata , H. Rathke; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 77. 

In the stomach of a flounder. Rare. 

Fam. 21. Telethusidae. 

Genus Arenicola, Lamarck. 

Arenicola marina , L. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 78. 
Everywhere abundant in sandy ground. 

Fam. 22. Sphserodoridse. 

Genus Ephesia, H. Rathke. 

Ephesia gracilis , II. Rathke ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 79. 
Occasionally between tide-marks, and frequently in the 
coralline region. 

Fam. 23. ChloraemidaB. 

Genus Trophonia, M.-Edwards. 

Trophonia plumosa ) 0. F. Muller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 82. 
Common on the beach after storms, in muddy fissures of 
the rocks between tide-marks, and ranging to deep water, as 
well as in the stomachs of various fishes. 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 4. Vol. xiv. 14 


202 


Dr. W. C. McIntosh On the 


Genus Flabelligera, Sars. 

Flabelligera affinis, Sars ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 83. 
Frequent in deepwater, and sometimes between tide-marks. 

Fam. 25. Chaetopteridae. 

Genus Ciijetopterus, Cuvier. 

Chcetopterus norvegicus , Sars ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 88. 
Occasionally in the stomachs of haddock. 


Genus M^ea, Johnst. 

Moca mirabiliSj Johnst. Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 278. 

Not uncommon amongst gravelly sand off the East Rocks. 
The position of this remarkable form may be regarded as 
provisional (between the Chaetopteridae and Spionidae). 


Fam. 26. Spionidae. 

Genus Nerine, Johnst. 

Nerine foliosa, Sars ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 89. 
Common in sandy ground or in muddy sand. 

Genus SCOLECOLEPIS, Blainv. 
Scolecolepis vulgaris , Johnst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 90. 
Not uncommon in muddy sand. 

Genus Spio, GSrst. 

Spio seticornisy Fab. j Mgrn. op. cit. p. 92. 

In fine sand tubes under stones at the East Rocks. 

Genus Polydora, Bose. 

Poly dor a ciliata 1 Johnst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 95. 
Veiy abundant in soft sandstone and shale. 


203 


Annelida of St. Andrews. 

Fam. 27. Cirratulidse. 

Genus CiRRATULUS, Lamarck. 

Cirratulus cirratus ) 0. F. Muller ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 95. 
Common in mud and muddy sand under stones between 
tide-marks, and ranging to deep water. 

Genus Dodecaceria, CErst. 

Dodecaceria concharum^ CErst. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 96. 

Not unfrequent in tangle-roots and old shells from low- 
water mark to the coralline ground. 

Fam. 28. CapitellidsB. 

Genus Capitella, Blainville. 

Capitella capitata , Fab. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 97. 
Common on the West Sands after storms and in fissures 
of rocks in mud. 

Fam. 29. Maldanidae. 

Genus Maldane, Grube. 

Maldane biceps , Sars ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 98. 

A fragmentary specimen in the stomach of a haddock. 

Genus Niciiomache, Mgrn. 

Nichomache lumbricalis , Fabr. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 99. 
Common between tide-marks under stones, and thence to 
deep water ; it is especially abundant in vertical fissures of 
the soft sandstone at the East Rocks. 

Genus Praxilla, Mgrn. 

Praxilla prcetermissa , Mgrn. op. cit. p. 100. 

In the stomach of a haddock. Not common. 

Fam. 30. Ammocharida). 

Genus Owenia, Delle Chiaje. 

Oicenia fliformisj Delle Chiaje; Claparhde, Chaet. Naples, 
p. 446, pi. 26. f. 5. 

Common in the stomachs of haddock. 


14 * 


204 


Dr. W. C. McIntosh on the 


Fam. 31. Hermellidae. 

Genus Sabellaria, Lamarck. 

Sabellaria spinulosa , It. Leuekart ; Mgm. op. cit. p. 102. 
Abundant between tide-marks, and thence to deep water. 

Fam. 32. Amphictenidae. 

Genus Pectinaria, Lamarck. 

Pectinaria belgica , Pallas ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 103. 

Very abundant off the West Sands, and tossed ashore in 
vast numbers after storms. Common in the stomachs of cod 
and haddock. 

Genus Amphictene, Sav. 

Amphictene auricoma , O. F. Muller ; Mgm. op. cit. p. 103. 
Occasionally off the East Hocks in sandy ground, and in 
the stomachs of cod, haddock, and flounders. 

Fam. 33. Ampharetidae. 

Genus Ampharete, Mgm. 

Ampharete arctica , Mgm. op. cit. p. 104. 
Occasionally in deep water and in the stomachs of haddock. 

Genus Amphicteis (Gr.), Mgm. 

Amphicteis Gunneri , Sars; Mgm. op. cit. p. 105. 

Not uncommon in the stomachs of haddock. 

Genus Melinna, Mgrn. 

Melinna cristata } Sars; Mgm. op. cit. p. 106. 

F requent in the stomachs of cod. 

Fam. 34. Terebellidae. 

Subfam. 1 . Amthitritea , Mgrn. 

Genus Amphitrite, O. F. Muller. 

Amphitrite figulus y Dalyell; Mgm. op. cit. p. 107 (as A. 
Johnstoni). 

Not uncommon between tide-marks, and ranging to deep 
water. 


Annelida of St. Andrews. 


205 


Genus Lanice, Mgm. 

Lanice conchilega y Pallas ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 108. 

Abundant between tide-marks and off the West Sands, and 
multitudes are thrown on the beach after storms. A common 
food of many fishes. 

Genus Nicolea, Mgrn. 

Nicolea zoster icola^ CErst. & Gr. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 109. 

Common between tide-marks amongst tangle-roots, and 
ranging to deep water. 

Genus Thelepus, Leuckart. 

Thelepus circinatus , Fab. ; Mgm. 'op. cit. p. 110. 

Frequent in the laminarian and coralline regions, in the 
stomachs of various fishes, and on the West Sands after 
storms. 

Subfam. 2. PoltciebideAj Mgrn. 

Genus Polycirrus, Grube. 

Polycirrus ( Ereutho ) Smitti , Mgm. op. cit. p. 111. 

Not uncommon between tide-marks. 

Subfam. 5. Caxephoridea, Mgrn. 

Genus Terebellides, Sars. 

Terebellides Stroemiij Sars; Mgm. op. cit. p. 112. 

Large specimens occur in the stomachs of cod and haddock. 


Fam. 35. Sabellidae. 

Genus Sabella, L. 

Sabella pavonia, Sav. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 112. 
Abundant in the coralline ground, on the West Sands after 
storms, and in the stomach of the cod. 

Sabella i Branchiomma, Ivolliker) vesiculosa , Mont.; Jolinst. 
Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 259. 

Frequently thro\vn on the West Sands after storms. 


206 


On the Annelida of St. Andrews . 


Sabella viridis , M.-Edwards, Rbg. An. Illust. pi. 1 c 
{fide De Quatref.). 

Amongst mud in the insterstices of Filigrana implexa from 
the coralline region. 

Genus Dasyciione, Sars. 

Dasychone Dalyellij Kolliker; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 115. 
Occasionally from the coralline ground in the ddbris of 
fishing-boats. 

Genus Ampiiicora, Ehrenberg. 

Ampliicora Fabricia , O. F. Muller; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 117. 
Abundant under stones on muddy ground between tide- 
marks and amongst tangle-roots. 

Fam. 36. Serpulidse. 

Genus Protula, Risso. 

Protula tubularia , Mont. (= protensa , Johnst.) ; Johnst. Cat. 
Brit. Mus. p. 264. 

Occasionally in deep water. 

Genus Filigrana, Oken. 

Filigrana implexa , Berkeley; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 119. 

Fine masses are common in the coralline region. 

Genus IIydroides, Gunner. 

Hydroides norvegica , Gunner ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 120. 
Abundant in deep water, attached to shells, stones, &c. 

Genus Serpula, L. 

Serpula vermicularis , L.; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 120. 
Common in deep water. 

Genus Pomatocerus, Phil. 

Pomatocerus triqueter , L. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 121. 

Very common from the littoral to the coralline region. 


On Deep-sea Sponges from the Atlantic Ocean. 207 

Genus Spirorbis, Daud. 

Spirorbis borealis , Daud. ; Mgrn. op. cit. p. 122. 
Abundant on seaweeds and stones between tide-marks. 

Spirorbis lucidus, Mont. ; Mgrn. op. cit . p. 123. 
Common on zoophytes from deep water. 

[To be continued.] 


XXIX. — Descriptions and Figures of Deep-sea Sponges and 
their Spicules from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on 
board U.M.S. * 1 Porcupine ,’ chiefly in 1869 ; with Figures 
and Descriptions of some remarkable Spicules from the 
Agulhas Shoal and Colon, Panama. By H. J. Carter. 
F.R.S. &c. 

[Plates XIII., XIV., & XV.] 

I NOW propose to describe and illustrate for publication a few 
more of the deep-sea sponges dredged up on board H.M.S. 

1 Porcupine,’ from the bed of the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast 
of Ireland, or between the north of Scotland and the Faroe 
Islands — every fragment of which that came into my hands was 
immediately sketched and preliminarily recorded in my MS. 
journal, with all the information as regards u soundings &c.” 
that accompanied them, in order that I might possess the 
means of referring to any particular specimen directly, and, 
in case of accident, thus endeavour to provide against total 
loss. 

The greater part of these specimens represent sponges which 
have already been described ; and the rest will be considerably 
reduced by those which I am now about to add. Among 
the latter, however, will be found such extraordinary forms of 
the flesh-spicule that, unless I first describe a well-known one 
for reference, they will probably not be understood. 

As regards nomenclature, it is not desirable to give new 
names if we wish to speed knowledge ; and hence it is better, 
if possible, to retain an old one, although inappropriate, rather 
than oppress the mind at the outset by introducing that to 
which it is unaccustomed. Much that is valuable is never read 
because it is accompanied by new names. 

Again, if we can find familiar types in our British sponges 
for reference, when engaged in the study of foreign species, it 
is better to adopt these than to refer to specimens which are less 
accessible. 


