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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


□    Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I     I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


Couverture  endommagte 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  peliiculie 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 


D 
D 
D 
D 


D 


Ef 


The  G 
tothi 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meiileur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  miiihode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 


Coloured  ink  (I.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lore  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais.  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6tA  filmtes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


This  copy  Is  a  photoreproductlon. 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


□ 

r7[   Quality  of  print  varies/ 

uiJ    Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 


Thei 
possi 
of  thi 
filmii 


Origi 
bagir 
theii 
sion, 
othei 
first  I 
sion, 
or  ilfi 


D 
D 
D 


Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


The  I 
shall 
TINl 
whic 

Map) 
diffe 
entir 
begii 
right 
requ 
met^ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obsrurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  6t^  fiim^es  d  c^ouveau  de  faqon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  fiimA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous 

10X                            14X                            18X                           22X 

26X 

30X 

\/ 

12X 

16X 

, 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  hae  been  reproduced  thanke 
to  the  generoaity  of: 

Metropolitan  Toronto  Library 
Canadian  Hittory  Department 

The  imagea  appearing  here  are  the  beat  quality 
poaaibie  conaidering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  apecif icationa. 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gin^roait*  da: 

Metropolitan  Toronto  Library 
Canadian  History  Department 

Lea  imagea  auivantea  ont  AtA  reproduitea  avec  ie 
plua  grand  aoin.  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nettetA  de  rexemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  lea  conditiona  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copiea  in  printed  paper  covera  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  laat  page  with  a  printed  or  iiiuatrated  imprea- 
aion,  or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copiea  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
firat  page  with  a  printed  or  iiiuatrated  imprea- 
aion,  and  ending  on  the  laat  page  with  a  printed 
or  iiiuatrated  impreaaion. 


Lea  axemplairea  originiux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  eat  imprimAe  aont  filmte  en  commenfant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  aoit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'iiluatratlon,  aoit  par  ie  aecond 
plat,  aeion  Ie  caa.  Toua  lea  autrea  axemplairea 
originaux  aont  filmfo  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'iiluatratlon  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  laat  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
ahail  contain  the  aymboi  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  aymboi  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  appliea. 


Un  dea  aymboiea  auivanta  apparaftra  aur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  aeion  ie 
caa:  la  aymbole  — ►  aignifie  "A  SUIVRE",  Ie 
aymboie  Y  aignifie  "FIN". 


Mapa,  piatea,  charta,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratioa.  Thoae  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  expoaure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framea  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illuatrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cartea,  pianchea,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
film6a  A  dea  taux  de  reduction  diff Arenta. 
Loraque  ie  document  eat  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
reproduit  en  un  aeul  ciichA,  il  eat  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  aupAriaur  gauche,  de  gauche  h  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'imagea  nAceaaaire.  Lea  diagrammea  auivanta 
iiluatrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

..  ^ '  '  -^.f  /'£ 


A   GUIDE 


lOR 


EMIGRANTS 


FROM   Tilt 


BRITISH  SHORES 


T(»  THK 


WOODS   OF    CANADA. 


BY 


GKORGE    ARUNDEL    HILL 


DUBLIN : 

UICHARD  MOORE  TIMS,  85,  ORATON  STR£BT, 


MDCCCZXJav. 


'in. 


--ii. 


INTHODUCTION. 


TiiK  I'ollowiiig  pa{j:('H  were  wriftm  with  a  view  to 
<I<>  service  Ut  those  who  may  (Ictcrmiiie  t«»  h-ave 
their  native  (;ountry,  ami  week  n  more  secure,  or 
more  comfortable  liome,  in  the  Woods  of  (,'aiiathi. 

If  tfic  informatiou  tliey  contain  be  cousidereil 
deficient  or  ill-ehosen,  it  iw  at  least  correct,  aH  far 
as  it  goc« ;  and  I  too  w(?ll  remember  the  plea8urc 
with  which  I  should  myself  have  [Mirused  any 
work  relating  to  Canada,  not  to  hope  that  tlie  pur- 
chascr  of  my  litthj  l)ook  will  read  it  with  some 
interest,  and,  I  sincerely  trust,  with  some  advan- 
tat^e. 


Newcastle  Distrtctt  Upper  CtuMffa. 


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tlll> 

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hw 


■u 


tii'iiti: 
KOII    EMKiilANTS, 


t».t'.   «\r. 


niAFTKIl  I. 


TIIK   VUVAUK. 

Os  SiiiHliiy,  Nt  of  May,  IH;M,  \sv  \vfi  Liiiicritrk  in 
llif  hriji:  AifiM'tH,  ('M|itaiii  D.  Guniiaii.  Tlien*  were 
ruthor  iiiort'  than  J*K)  koiiU  oil  IxnirJ,  all  of  wliom  urrivctl 
ill  <^hirlii'r,  (•xif|it  nil  '*  ulil  woman  of  oiglity"  ami  mi 
iiiiuiit.  I'rcviuiiH  to  lainling,  tint  |iai«M'nf(«>r«  drew  ij|i 
;in  H<i<ln'Mi,  IiikIiIv  <'oiii|tliuiuiitHry  to  tlifir  (laptain  ;  nml 
thongii,  tor  Hiif^fit  I  know,  itnili  h  prrn'oiMliiig^  may  be 
imuul  on  otTJuionn  of  tin'  kind,  it  was,  in  tlii«  instance, 
well  anil  trnly  merited.  I  lielicvu  Taptain  G.  tu  1m>  a 
^ood  •eanian,  and  uin  t'onfidcnt  of  lii»  lieing  a  good  and 
kind-lii*art4>d  man :  one  who  will  not  only  feel  a  warm 
interest  in  the  nafety  and  comfort  of  every  peraon  on 
board  bin  »hip,  but  wbo  will  take  tlie  be»t  and  tnrett 
moan*  to  secure  both.  I  tliall  only  add,  that  if  1  knew 
of  any  of  my  friends  in  Ireland  wlio  were  coming  orrr 
to  Canada,  1  would  say  to  them,  "  Eudoavour  ta  aaosre 
a  paaMgc  with  Dan  Gorman.'* 

It  would  an«w«r  little  |iurpoa«,  bMide  that  of  awalUng 
this  volume,  to  detail  tho  incidents  of  our  roj9m9.  Wo 
bad,  I  believe,  the  usual  quantam  of  soa-siMMMir— 
rooffh  and  fair  weather, — with  a  conpio  of  iso  ood 
hooir(*d  on  **  the  bankd.** 

There  is,  bowerer,  on*  drcunstaaeo  wUeh  I  anMl 
pass  orer;  it  will  afford  tkt  intomporato  a  Mtlbl,  IIumIi 
aa  awful  warning,  and  to  arary  om  aa  laalnMliv*  in- 
sUnoo  of  tha  weaknaai  of  human  natart.    A  VMif  our 


|.a«H«Mi','rrH  wa*  n  Mr.  C— -.  lie  wan  a  native  of  In- 
l.ini.  liil  hail  ^|>oiit  iiiuity  yoiirn  in  Aim-iira,  fVoiii  wliidi 
III'  I'Utl  ijiiiii'  rrtfiitly  univtMl,  hikI  «va<«  mom*  returning 
wiili  t!tf  inttiitiiMi  ol'  iH\cr  asfaiii  vi^itiii^  !>>•>  fiativv 
IiimI.  I  lifrantr  a*  «|iiaiiitiMl  wiili  liini  in  Liniorirk  a 
hliiM'l  tiiiM'  ImIdic  Mi'ojiUii.  uiitl  having;  <lin«*(l  onc«' or 
twit-t'  iti  li!«  4tin>{*iiiy.  I  ronccivi'il  liini  lo  lit*  a  |N*H<M'tly 
l4*iii|M>r.tU*  man.  I>iiriri^  i\n*  cnliro  voy.i:;^  ndtliin^ 
|>u«s<mI  io  n-tiiov«>  ilii^  iiiiiifc^siun,  ait«l  It  \va«  ^lill  fur- 
iJh  r  (MtifiniK  li  Ky  li:>  >tritin^  an  a<l«lr'»«,  which  lu* 
ilclivirt'l  lo  tlif  |ii«o<iM;;frN  on  our  roniin^  to  anrhor  in 
tin*  St.  Lau ii'iu T  :  of  wJtrt  h  th»'  iiln"it  ua^.  to  fortify 
tf.«  !ii  n^^:lln«!  yieMIn^  to  the  niiiity  t(tnpt.ition<<  uhirii 
4'an.(«]a  alioriK-d,  <i(  >ii«liil::iii);  in  the  iim'  ot'  ••piritnous 
li<|iior<i.  'I'lii^  Oil  liin*!  in  tho  nioriiinfr  :  inn  I  soon  after 
hv.  wllh  olliri*,,  took  .i<!vanla;r«*  ol'  flti'  o|ii|i'%  hoat  ti»  f(o 
on  ohin't'.  TouaKlx  i>\«>niii^  I  did  the  t>ani(*  nu>eif,  and 
had  «.<arn»ly  fiot  well  into  Qneltei-  uhen  \ttH»r  ('•  ■ 
eattie  towariU  me.  and  areo<>ted  iiie,  in  that  thiek,  nn- 
<*tea<'y  toiu',  wliith  toM  t(M»  plainly  that  hit  praetiee  hud 
l»e«:t  tadly  at  variance  with  hio  priMrliin<r !  ln<on<«e- 
(jn«  nie  of  «>xiNTtini''  that  iIm>  |{ir!u>lieu  Steanwr  wunid 
take  on  h'lani  in  the  nHiriunt;  xneli  of  th"  paN>eii^er> 
n*  proposed  i^tiintr  op  to  Montreal,  we  relurned  to  the 
A^nets  hefore  daik.   and    there    I   di^rox'teil   that  the 

itdatniited  (' had  hrontthl  with  him  into  the  vi's^d 

a  riopply  of  hran<lv.  The  « onseijuence  w.t^  that  up  to 
the  l.'i»l  un>ni  Mit  ot'  our  eontinnin;^  feiio\t-iiav«'llei><,  he 
wu!k  n«)t  one  moment  |H*rtet-tly  Mdicr.  Wv  !ieparate<i 
<Hi  arriving'  at  Montn'al.  and,  a  very  few  day<«  ufcur* 
wardo,  the  firi^t  paragraph  whirh  eau^^lit  my  eye  in  3 
(JnlMMir^'  Star,  was  an  aeeount  of  the  ill-tated  O— — 
having  heen  found  dead  in  u  fiehl,  with  a  buttle  cf 
\vlii<«key  in  his  |nm  ket,  and  ]u*  vyvs  pirk<'d  out  l>v  hirdo ! 

Perhaps  the  reader  will  think  that  I  liavc  aetain(*(l 
liiin  t(M>  lon^  with  an  ane«-dote  forei<(n  to  the  huhjoet  on 
will*  li  he  wimhe.4  for  information  ;  hut  let  him  hear  with 
me  m  nionient  l(Mij;;er.  while  I  a«!>nr;>  him,  that  in^tanreK 
ol  perMonx,  who  had  heen  highly  re  !»pi ctahle  in  Cb«>ir 
native  4'onntry,  hut  who,  on  eoming  to  Canad.%  have 
«unk  down  in  the  pool  of  intemperance  to  mingle  with 
the  very  dregu  of  mankind,  are  sadly  numerous. 

I  have  now  brought  my  reader  to  the  end  of  our 


rt«  of  li<- 

■ftiirning 
!•«  iiativv 
in('ri<  k  u 
i|  (iiic«'  or 

Hi  ill  fur- 
%liich  lu- 
lilt  lior  in 
II  fortify 
IX  uhirii 
|»iritiiou<< 
I  HIM  sifter 

IKit  tit  {XM 

>i*lf,  and 
r  ( 

lick,  nn- 
«-tiit>  lu<l 
In  ton?**'- 
i*r  wuiji<i 
sscii^er^ 
'«!  t«»  ihf 
that  Ou' 

I. 'it   Up  t<> 

li('n<,  hi* 
«>{Kiret<'<l 
y««  ufusr- 
I'V  in  « 

iiuttlc  uf 
»v  l»inl«* ! 
(irtaiiUMl 
ilyott  «ni 
><>ar  witli 
inotaDCOK 
in  tb«>ir 
ii.%  hnv** 
f!^lc  witli 

of  our 


vo]ri|i^e,  «nd  in  place  of  endi'avotiring  to  cntf rtnin  hiiu 
with  m  d««cri|ilion  of  Quv^Nfc,  or  its  vnind  and  l»e«utiful 
acen«ry«  of  which  he  hm  prvbahl y  alrvady  read  a  bftt«r 
than  mine  would  be,  I  »hall  conclude  thi«  chapter  with 
•uch  practical  oth-ice  and  observation*  ur*  I  conotrivu 
may  po«»ibly  be  of  Mervice  to  him. 

The  qmmtiuu  which  seems  most  important  to  tlir 
preuarini^  Kmigrant  is,  "  What  articles  oof^ht  I  lake 
witn  me  to  America  ?**  I  would  recommend  a  stock  of 
n'ady«niad«  clothes,  sufficient  for  two  or  three  years. 
Round  jackets  of  strong  thick  cloth  s4M>ni  best  adaotod 
for  general  wear  during  the  winter  m'uhou,  by  those 
wh(»  exp<*ct  to  In)  themselves  actively  employed.  Cloth 
breeches  I  prefer  to  trowsers ;  and  in  place  of  putting 
on  luallier  boot  a,  or  strong  hhoes,  I  advi»e  a  |»Mir  of  tlu* 
latter  made  very  slight,  and  to  draw  over  llieni  strong 
wiNilltMi  ittorliiiiffs,  either  Am//  expressly  for  tlu*  purpose, 
or  nia«le  uf  very  <loHe,  »tout  cloth.  Tlin4  dre»M>«l,  your 
ft'<?t  may  bill  defiance  to  the  snow,  and  will  continue 
dry  and  warm.  A  few  pair  of  strong  Wellington  \nH>t» 
will,  however,  l»e  advi)»able,  u.«  the  cloth  hose  are  not  tlie 
iM>i  to  lie  n»ed  during  a  thaw.  I'leuty  of  warm  woollen 
•it(N  kin^s  wiil  be  an  ac<|ui»ition.  If  von  are  so  fortunate 
•AS  to  po!<>M'!>s  a  feather  bed  or  two,  oring  them  enclosed 
ouch  ill  a  htroiig  canvass  case,  juet  large  enough  to  bold 
one  ti(k  with  it^  iNnlding.  Articl(>s  of  earthen  ware 
are  dear  enough  in  this  country,  lint,  from  the  risk  uf 
breakage  and  other  coii«ideration»,  1  would  suggest  that 
you  make  h  present  uf  your  crockery  to  your  friende, 
tliat  tlii'y  may  think  of  you  now  and  then,  unless  the 
quantity  be  very  small  iiide«'d.  (ilass  is  much  cheaper 
than  in  Ireland.  For  the  rest  I  have  only  to  say,  that 
I  ciuisiiler  the  l>er>t  rule  you  can  be  guided  by  is,  to  bring 
an  ample  $iiipply  of  every  thing  really  portable,  such  as 
threads,  ta|*e^,  \t'ui*,  and  neetllcn,  M(c.,  fur  I  take  it  for 
granted  you  are  a  family  man ;  hinges  for  doors  ami 
windows,  wood  ni-rewh,  rarpentcn*'  t<»ols  (for  you  must 
lie  a  handy  man  also),  sihIi  as plaue-irons,  saws, chisels, 
and  gimblets.  You  will  aUo  niid  an  adze  and  draw- 
knife  very  useful  tools.  AlMive  all  things  bring  with 
you  a  small  medicine  <-h(>»t,  and  a  gmid  family  medical 
«vork. 

There  iire  two  tliingt  which  a  person  shonld  keep  in 


viow  when  teirrtinfr  «*»«««  nrtitle*  whitli  lio  withe*  to 
bring  with  him  to  <!anailM.  Ono  i«,  thnt  the  unialUr 
wid  lif^iitrr  hi*  hufrirngi*.  iind  th«»  fowir  thv  numhw  of 
trunk* or  «■«»«•,  the lN>tt(>r ;  ami  thitt  not  %o nni»h fniin  the 
i'xpen«e  of  hrinf^infr  thont  alonf^,  whi>n  h»»  ««»mnien«c« 
iiilHnd  trllV(•ilill^,  as  from  lh«>  Utunv*  he  i*  iiuhh*  to,  from 
havinf?.  when  h«>  rcniuvt^H  tVoni  one  iHNit  or  wagf^on  to 
iuiother,  too  many  iNixe*,  Htc.  to  look  aft«*r.  and  from 
the  inrreiUMMl  troiihle  and  anxiety  t«»  whith  he  would  bl- 
ot her  wi*e  *ubj«i<rted.  The  other  |Miint  i*.  that  though 
any  caving  a*  to  priee  on  the  artichnt  he  do<*«  hriiig  may 
not  \n'  of  much  moment,  yet  he  will  venire  thin  advan- 
tage, that  when  he  arriv4>«  nt  hi»  final  de»limition,  h«' 
haM  got  with  him  many  thing*  Mliiilt  are  immediately 
ufteful  and  nere««sary,  and  wliirh  the  hurry  of  tmvelling, 
and  perhaps  the  short  ittuy  wliiili  he  made  in  tlie  fron- 
tier towii>,  would  have  prevent«>d  cither  lii<  thinking 
of,  or  iJlowed  no  time  for  their  punhane. 

Kmigrants  determineil  to  settle  in  Moutreal,  «>r  its 
viriuity,  may  hriug  with  them  a*  murh  l»Mggage:iiithey 
plua»e,  hut  «urh  |H>rKons  will  alway*  l>e  few,  eompare*! 
to  the  vast  nia^s  who  will  pre»«  on  to  the  interior  of 
the  country.  1  rei-ommend  the  latter  to  hear  in  mind, 
that  though  they  can  ^eareely  estuldiAh  themselves  in 
a  »pot  »o  distant  from  souie  *hoi)  or  store,  as  to  pn'ilude 
the  opportunity  of  iK'ing  supplied  with  whatever  they 
may  want,  otill  they  will  find  the  price  of  every  thing 
increaMC  in  a  wonderful  proportion,  a*  they  get  further 
froio  the  frontier  town*. 

On  the  •uhj«^ct  of  «e«-store  I  i-an  have  little  to  nay. 
Why  should  I  interfere  with  iN'oplc'ii  pretii lection*  for 
QfttahlfNi  and  drinkable*  ?  So  bring  with  you  whatever 
yoD  judge  you  will  like  beat ;  but  reinemhitr  one  thing, 
that  if  your  passage  be  itot  uninually  quii-k,  the  ship's 
water  will  begin  to  changv  materially  fur  the  worse, 
before  it  is  over,  and  that  a  glass  of  liottlvd  ale,  or 
|»orter,  or  cider,  I  care  not  which,  will  then  prove  an 
agreeable  siibstitute. 

Should  you  have  young  children,  they  will  be  apt  to 
fnt>w  tired  of  hard  biscuit,  and  if  you  procure  some 
loures  of  bread  that  have  lieen  carefully  domhie-bahti,  1 
will  answer  fur  its  remaining  perfectly  fit  for  use  for  at 
1«mC  three  weeks.    You  might  also  wish  to  have  some 


withm  to 
lio  ffiiMUUr 

number  of 
rh  fniin  the 
riimnicttreii 
il«*  to,  frum 

M^M^f(<in    to 

mikI  t'ruin 

0  would  bt- 
mt  thuu^li 

l»riii|r  limy 
liiix  aiivaii- 
natifui,  he 
iiin«'Hi:it«>ly 

trnvelliiif^, 
n  till'  troll- 
i«  tliinkinfi 

fttl,  or  itH 
B^cait  thvy 
«'uiii|>are4l 
iiitiTuir  of 
ir  ill  mind, 
mtwlvcA  ill 
:o  |inH'liidf 
t«'V«»r  tlioy 
rvry  tiling 
;<*t  t'urthi'f 

ttle  to  Miy. 
MTtionti  for 

1  wliateror 
one  thin^, 

the  nliip'M 
the  worse, 
h1  ale,  or 
A  prove  an 

I  be  apt  to 
L'ure  Mitne 

UM»  for  at 
baTo  loine 


milk  for  the  young  om*4,  ereii  thouirh  you  cared  littlt*  tor 
it  yoiirwlf.  \V»'II  then,  procure  as  many  perfectly  clwui 
Mild  nwfft  hottlen  an  you  pleatte;  HII  them  willi  milk 
warm  from  the  cow,  and  alter  bcin^  Htop|)ed  with  iIm* 
hcKt  de«rri|»tioii  of  cork*,  MTiirv  the  latter  with  iitronf( 
twine.  Next  place  m  little  Ntruw  in  the  IniIIoiu  of  a 
laryre  Imiler,  and  put  in  a  layer  of  liotth'M,  then  iiion* 
•traw,  and  then  more  bottlen  a^^ain,  until  yon  have  at 
many  in  aM  will  remain  covered  when  the  veiiMel  i^  filKnl 
with  water.  An  i»oon  a«  the  latter  lioiitt,  remove  tin* 
fire,  lr:uiii((  the  liottles  in  until  the  water  hat  liecome 
c<H»l.  Voor  milk  iit  now  ready  t<i  Im*  packed  in  a  ham- 
|M>r,  ;.ii(l  will  roiilMiiio  owcct  until  you  call  ^cl  a  Irenh 
•^iiiiitly  at  llii^  »idc'  of  the*  Atlaiitit. 

niAPTIlR   II. 

lu  our  la«t  chapter  we  had  arrivi'd  ai  Qui'ltor,  ami 
a)»  I  ]>u  *uiiM>  you  feel  U!>  littii*  di«|»)i%«M|  a^  III}  M>lf  t4» 
wa^ii  «  id.iT  yoiirtiiiit'oriiioiifyiiitliat  (ivcrM-rowdcd  and 
uhiu .  it.'i:.-liMil\iiif^  town,  wc  •liall  eiuh'ivoiir  to  ^W  on 
l«t  Moiitrtal,  |H0  mile^  up  tlie  St.  Lawruiice.  Yoti  w;il 
ot  « <iiir!t«*  i^ct  iiilou  !>tcani*hoat,  of  which  there  are  to- 
\rnil.  Ml  that  it  yuu  iiiiitft  one  to-day  ytiii  may  be  almost 
!«uii!  Ill'  ou«>  to-inurruw,  and  will  probahly  find  it  tin; 
Im««i  plan  to  remain  until  then  on  hoard  your  Vtf«McL 
Tlic  /u,/iitn»,  Captain  .Moren,  was  the  one  we  jwddled 
in,  iwmI  «//  jMhsmnU  I  iuumI  not  omit  that  Montieur  le 
C'a|»ii.iiiic'  made  me  pay  <ii>.  3d.  passage  money  for  an 
inliutt  not  three  months  old,  tliou|;ii  I  had  conceived  <»ur 
ugitM'iiiriit  wa"  quite  to  the  contrary.  We  had  left 
Qitclicc  oil  \\'(>diie!iday.  8th  of  June,  at  Vl  o'clwk  ut 
noun,  aud  arrivetl  ut  Montreal  at  '2  o'clo4'k  on  Friday 
moriiiut;.  1  a«ked  Miueii,  the  eveiiin)^  lM>fure,  what 
Wtt«  tiie  latext  hour  that  he  wiNild  name  fur  my  leaviii{( 
the  iiirhJicu,  ati  I  understood  he  was  to  start  back  for 
t^ut-i'don  Friday,  lie  Mid  I  could  remaii*  on  board 
willi  my  thiiiKH  at  all  events  till  eleven  o'clock,  which 
would  give  me  ample  time  for  pro<*uring  private  lod^- 
iiigM.  1  went  into  Montreal  fur  tliatpui|NHe  aw  soon  as 
I  exp('«te«l  to  find  the  giMid  citixens  stirring:  hut  having 
met  4-uii»ideruhle  diflicuily  in  making  out  hidgiiigs  from 
the  then  crowded  state  ut'  the  town,  it  was  about  liim- 


10 

iK'turc  I  rrtiiriKMl  to  tlic  M«»aiii(>r.  Yati  inny  jiitl^t* 
what  Willi  liii'ii  my  aNtoiii«tliiii<*iil  to  riiiil  tlial  my  "  4i«*«r 
t«>il«iw"  limi  l»f«Mi  till'  tilt)  lu«t  liuiir  i*<irr)in^  ami  iilai'iii- 
iiiif  Mr<«.  II.  I>y  |ir(  «<«in^  lt«T  to  l<'av<*  tlit*  v«'«m(>|,  ti'llin^ 
Iter  that  otli«iui««>  olit*  woulil  Im*  tarriiMl  !i;u-l\  to  (^ii(*Imm-, 
.10  h«'  i-oiilil  not  |Mi^iiiily  wHit  tor  my  H'tiirii.  I  toiiiid 
alto  lliiit.  Iiy  lii<«  onloiH,  the  ^rL*at<*r  part  of  my  tliin|^» 
ikail  Ix'i'ii  |Mit  aoliorc,  ami  it  wa<«  t'ortimalt'  lliiit  I  wan 
altlf  lo  n'tiini  »o  «ooii,  a»  our  Kmh  rroiii  liavitif^  our 
tliiui^x  Iviii^foii  a  (roW(ltf<l  wrliart,  iiiti>rini\i)|  uitli  tlioiM? 
t»r  tniiiiiriMN  ol  oili«>r«>,  ami  almost  milooktMl  iiftcr,  in 
\tUuv  ot  hnii:.',  an  it  was  trifling:,  hoiiIiI  lia\o  Ik'oii 
|ii-u)»al»lv  VI IV  MTtoiu.  TliO  talMii  tiin*  wa»  i'l.  .'>s.  tor 
tmi'li  iiifiili. — 7*.  <m1.  Nti'craf^t'.  i'aliiii  |MM»fiif^i*rt  got 
brvakta«t,  iliniicr,  ami  M»mi>timc«»  lumli  into  tlit*  bargain, 
lH>f»iilti  tlie  ailvaiita^c  of  a  pretty  coiiifurtaliU'  t-uliliy- 
liuuHt>  to  ^l«'l•|>  iii;  ami  y«»u  ari-  tu  umlvnitaml  thai  thi» 
i<«  the  routine  of  all  tliv  Mtoam^lMiaU  along  tliv  lino. 


CIIAPTKIl  III. 

Well,  now  that  wv  art*  at  Muntroal,  tli«  important 
i|m*«itiun  i!«>^Wh«M'e  next?  Fur  »nrvly  you  will  not 
stop  lu're  or  in  itt*  iieighlMiurhood.  In  thu  tiiMt  place, 
they  say  it  i«  ntiurli  coldiT  here  in  winter  than  in  the 
ITpiior  Firovim'e;  and  in  the  MHtind  plat'i',  ;t>u  4*an  have 
little  huiiineii!*  hero,  or  at  lea»t,  littlo  MitiHfartion  unlcM 
you  ran  tpi'ak  had  Kremtli.  Bvaiden,  it  you  happon 
jw:t  to  be  a  Koi'naii  Catholic,  there  arittv^  another  ininit 
•eriou*  objection.  l*op«*ry  i»  the  dominunt  cre<'d,  aad 
Spain  herself  doen  not,  I  believe,  contain  a  more  nu- 
merous or  bigoted  prieslhotr'l-— a  more  forniidabie  ni»> 
chinery  of  monk*  and  friara,  or  a  more  ignorant  and 
prieMt>rid<len  population.  FrocensioiiH  of  the  Host  are 
freauentf  and  the  person  who,  from  a  just  C4intempt  for 
•iH-h  juggleries,  will  refuse  to  make  obeisance  aa  they 
fNiAi,  stamU  a  gmHl  chance  of  hei  oiiiiiig  entitled  to  a 
page  in  *'  the  llook  of  Murtvr!*."  Still  I  would  recooi- 
mend  you  to  halt  for  a  few  days,  ami  consider  wbetlMr 
thii  wonld  not  lie  a  good  opportunity  to  procure  any 
little  article  you  may  have  neglect^  ,1  to  nring  with 
yott. 

I  prttuine  you  are  a«  utterly  uiiaci|uaiiite«l  with  this 


n 


lay  Jtnl^c 
iiy  "  <i«*ttr 
ii«l  iilat'io- 
«>l,  ti'tling 

I  toiitid 
iiy  tliinf^v 
iiut  i  wa* 
living  our 

itti  tllOHV 

#t'ti'r,  ill 
n\ii  lit>uii 
I.  .'»s.  fur 
iif^vrt  f(ft 
f  bargiiiii, 
«•   i'ul)hy> 

tliat  thii. 

line. 


mportAiit 

%%ill  nut 

Mt  plai-c, 

III!  ill  thr 

call  hiive 

III  iinlcM 

lia|>p«ii 

ler  iniNit 

vd,  aiid 

lore  liii- 

l»i«  mm- 

ant  and 

lout  are 

mpl  fur 

aa  they 

ed  tu  a 

recon- 

rlietker 

lire  any 

with 

iththis 


tine  nly  lu  I  wax  iiiy«>i'U';  and  a«  ti  lt:i|i{M  ncd  •••  rnu,  imi 
it  nniy  to  yon,  that  ooiiu*  oii(>  ot'  y*iir  laiiiily.  tioin  the 
t'ati^iii'  ot  Iravrliiiii;--  Iroiii  ttu'  «ii«l<l«'ii  <  li.iit;;«*  ot  cli* 
uial<*.  or  t'i'oiii  any  M|li«*r  «aii^c,  liii«  Ihmomm*  •rriouitly 
unwcil,  and  tliai  y«Mi  \%-i<*|i  iii  prtM  in'«'  iiii'dii  :il  :tttvic«'. 
Now,  I  havt*  rnlirt'ly  torgottrn  tlii>  nani«*)>»  ot  flu*  M.  IK'r 
lit'  Montreal,  willi  iIm*  rxrcplion  ot  one,  and  I  lirlii^ve 
as  I  can  M«*nd  yon  to  Hr.  Martin,  yon  will  havf  imm.uim' 
tu  ret^ret  ny  i«liort  memory.  It  in  |di*a<«ant  to  iu«*«.'t 
kindneft^  from  a  total  !>tran^er,  liui  it  i*  Htill  nnin*  p'rutt** 
t'nl  to  havt)  an  o|»|»orrnnity  ot  ohrwin;^  that  «ni;li  kind- 
n*'*s  \*  not  lor^oiicn;  aii<l  my  n'^^ret  i*,  that  the  tahlet 
on  whii  h  I  innst  iii»t  rihi'  Dr.  Martin'^  MhonM  Ih*  u(  im> 
hundde  a  ih;:raii<'r. 

All  tliii*  tinn'  the  <|ne>  tion  wt*  t'ommenrtMl  uiir  «'ha|i- 
ier  with  reniainM  nnaii*«\ven'<l — Where  nevl?  Jf  yuii 
have  iii»t  already  nnidi*  np  your  mind  on  that  |>uint,  yuu 
will  take  every  iNT«Mion  of  aMkiiip  thihx*  yon  cuiUe  in 
Mintaet  with,  what  direeliini  ot  tin*  ronntry  Mry  jndgv 
it  iM'iit  ft»r  a  settler  to  go  to.  Now  |»erlia|H  not  twj  ul 
tliuiii  will  tif^ree  aw  to  thi>  favunred  <«|Hit;  llutiigh  emh 
«rill  Ih>  Miire  to  have  Mouiid  reaxoiiN  fur  hiw  |»artieular 
NeltM'tioii.  And  what  d4M*«  thin  prove?  Only  that  it  ia 
aluuMt  iniiNMwihle  tu  lake  any  din'etiun  in  the*  buuiidleaa 
and  iiii|)rovitif(  4oiintrv»  wlivre  yun  will  nut  huvo  eppur- 
tiinitiea  of  attaining  the  uhjnct  yuu  have  in  view.  Voa 
have  read  ur  heanl  uf  the  hungry  aaa  plaeed  exactly  be- 
tween two  ecjual  huiidleM  uf  hay.  While  he  waa  gloat- 
iag  un  one  with  hi«  right  eye,  the  left  wa»  Hxed  on  the 
other;  and  the  C4in»ef|nen4*e  wa«,  that  the  |H»ur  felluw 
not  only  |»a*tHe«l  the  night  Hupjierleiia  in  the  very  luidat 
of  plenty,  but  got  an  incurable  nquiiit  into  the  bargain. 
Vor  the  world  1  would  not  inainuate  tliat  there  ia  any 
danger  of  your  making  an  aa«  of  youraelf,  but  if  you 
are  looking  fur  informatiun  to  enable  you  tu  decide  the 
<jue«tiun  off  locality,  I  do  not  tee  why  i  mav  not  plaoe 
my  wi»p  before  yuu  aa  well  aa  anutner.  My  aavio*. 
tht^n,  lij  to  go  Ktraight  on  to  C'obourg,  and  tlMoee  to 
I  Peterborough,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  which  jom  will 
mtHjt  fine  land,  and  hare  the  dmible  adviBtage  of  btiof 
in  a  rapidly  inproring  aettlefuent,  and  among  o  greol 
number  of  higlily  reapootable  aettlera. 

Thia  city  (it  ia  ooly  •  TiUofe  yet,  bat  1  htfo  jiMlgoi 


•      18 

:i  fit  of  the  IlighliindeA  tecoiid  tif ktW-wu  luuned  after 
the  Hon.  IVter  llobiiiMHi.  It  i«  pleavantly  an«l  mott 
H<lvaiit:i^M-<iM«ily  situated  on  the  tItoiiaiKH*,  which  rui»> 
iiiii^tMiiot  <'h>ar,  or  Sahnon>tr4Mit  Lake,  alMtut  fifteen 
inileii  iiorth-ea*>t  of*  Feterliorou|rh  enters  Rice  Lake 
after  a  further  rourae  ol  twenty  milea.  As  we  hare  at 
|»retient  a  pretty  lonf(  way  to  trave',  I  shall  iHiMtimne 
any  further  notice  of  Peterhorou^h  until  we  shall  hnTe 
arrived  there,  and  have  only  said  this  mui'h  about  it  to 
iNit  you  in  ffouil  humour  with  tho  resting-place  which  1 
have  selected  fur  you. 


CIIAPTKR  IV. 

We  have  now  to  set  oui  ^'*r  Presrott;  but  it  may  ht' 
pt'udent,  liefore  starting,  «o  enquire  what  modes  of 
|>eHbriniiig  the  journey  can  be  found. 

There  is  a  regular  stage  which  for  £i  will  set  you 
down  there  with  a  small  allowance  of  luggage,  the  day 
after  you  leavi*  Montreal.  If  expedition  is  an  object, 
you  can  c<»a«-h  it;  and  should  vour  luggage,  as  will  pn^ 
oably  hap|»cn,  lie  more  than  tho  stage  allowann*,  get  it 
taken  to  one  of  the  forwarding  ofices,  of  which  there 
are  sevenil :  you  will  there  get  a  receipt  for  the  articles 
delivered,  and  they  will  be  sent  on  by  a  bateau,  or 
Durham  boat  at  a  chaq^e  of  2s.  6d.  imt  cwt.  In  these 
said  stages  I  have  never  travelled  ;  but  even  on  a  i^ood 
road  I  tiliould  not  iudge  them  to  be  the  pleasantest  ve- 
hicles in  the  world,  and  believe  me  the  roads  they  do 
jog  over  are  very  far  from  good. 

Water  travt'lling  is  the  next  resource:  and  here  you 
have  a  choice  lietween  a  bateau,  an  entirely  o|»en  boat, 
or  a  Durham  boat,  which  has  a  kind  of  half-deck,  un- 
der which  luggage  and  mercluindiie  are  otowed,  and 
where  you  may  yourself  find  a  welcAime  slu'lter  in  ha«l 
weather.  Thu  fare  in  these  to  Prescott  is  tirom  four  to 
five  shillings,  and  you  must  reckon  on  being  about  a 
week  on  board. 

Should  the  weather  prove  fine,  you  will  by  this  rmite 
see  a  profusion  of  delightful  scenery,  and  perhaps  fona 
the  most  correct  idea  «)f  what  Canada  is,  and  what 
man's  industry  can  mak^  her — you  will  be  borne  along 
a  magnificent  ri?er— yoa  will  tee  for  nilet  together  **  a 


ned  after 
uul  moft 
licit  run* 
ut  fift««n 
it'e  Lttk« 
e  liitve  al 

IMiHtiMine 
tail  nave 
liout  it  to 
)  which  I 


t  may  be 
mode*  of 

I  set  you 

,  thouuy 

III  ohjtfct, 

\rill  |tn^ 

ii-h  thero 
4;  artideii 
ateau,  or 
In  these 
»n  a  fvood 
mtett  ▼»• 
•  they  do 

here  you 
fien  boat, 
eck,  oil' 
waif  and 
er  in  hail 
u  four  Co 
(  about  a 

ilia  r<mte 
«pa  foraa 
\nd  what 
nie  akNig 
^ther  •«• 


13 

boundlect  contifniity  of  thadc" — tree*  of  vHrioUH  kinds 
f^rowjnif  thirk  and  luxuriant  «lo%vn  to  the  water's  iiiffe, 
and  »lr«*trhinf(  back  nntil  they  mingle  with  the  clouds; 
then  at  you  |Ni«it  Mime  promontory,  a  whitewanhed 
wooden  cotta|fp,  with  iti*  ori'hard  and  it«  garden,  and 
ita  many  itmiling  a«-«'oni|iMniinent«i,  call*  you  buck  from 
your  musings  to  the  enioynu'iitit  and  activity  of  real 
life  ;  and  while  an  involuntary  wich  e«ca|N'H  you  thai 
y<m  hail  nuch  a  fiwu<*t  reMtiiig-|ilac«*,  you  feel  a  chill  on 
thiiikiiig^  how  mnch  wa»  to  be  «*iMlurt>4l,  how  mm-h  wna 
to  Ih*  done,  wli«>n  the  owner  laid  hi<i  axe  ti>  the  first 
troi*.  Well,  what  then? — he  did  endure,  he  did  do,  and 
liehohl  the  happy  fruits  of  his  induntry  and  |ieniever- 
ance.  lie  was  in  straitened,  or  at  bef»t,  unpromising 
circumstances  in  his  native  land,  which  probably  did 
not  aft'ord  one  acre  which  he  muld  pro|ierly  call  his 
own,  and  now,  with  every  ap|N'arance  of  comfurt 
and  inde|N>ndenre,  he  has  at  lon^t  an  hundriMl.  What 
he  has  achieved,  has  been  achieved  by  tens  of  thottsanda, 
and  shall  you  des|iair?  4)b,  no;  your  industry  aad 
your  persevemiioe  will  soon  place  you  on  a  lerul,  and 
the  same  God  whose  blessing  gave  his  land  its  ii 
will  not  forget  yours,  unless  it  Ini  your  own  fault. 

At  differeut  intervals,  you  pass  pretty  viUague*  m 
vou  are  oocaaionally  able  to  get  on  shore,  while  the 
boat  is  being  drawn  by  oxen  or  horses  up  soma  ci  the 
many  rapids  that  obstruct  the  navigation  of  the  8^ 
Lawrence.  (Afitt  a,  J  Your  linrhan  boat  has  got  nili 
and  a  maat,  which,  when  not  in  use,  lies  flat  along  the 
deck,  but  it  sometimes  happens  that  the  wind  will 
not  allow  these  to  be  of  any  further  usa  duriuf  tka 
passage  than  to  serve  as  aa  awning  to  keep  off  rain,  or 
screen  you  fnim  the  sun.  Should  the  mast*  bowavar, 
happen  to  be  rais6d»  and  should  you  oeoupy  tkat  part  af 
the  vessel  under  the  half-deck,  where  the  lowar  aad  af 
it  sboidd  be  secured  below,  I  ail  vise  you  to  look  skarpb 
last  the  fellow  who  went  down  to  naka  it  faaikMl  Ml 
dona  so  in  a  proper  manner. 

Daring  mir  coasting  Toyage  in  the  Oiian,  vaiy  avijr 
in  the  aMming  of  the  day  we  expected  ta  rMoli  ftaa 
eott,  a  pretty  saMrt  braeae  tpniiig  ua,  the  aalf  aaa 
wbiek  had  blown  from  a  lavaanbla  pwit  from 
we  left  Montreal.   The  Oaptab  (Isr  tito  bmmi  m 


II 

rity  with  a  nvw  ot'  four  men  niiiJ  a  Iniv  'i»  tliut  digni- 
H*'i|, )  •r.'ivc  iiriln-^  to  niiof  tliu  maHf,  and  one  of  our 
tar<i  ranie  tUtwu  wlirre  I  aitd  my  lamily  were  lying«  to 
make  the  lowrr  riul  of  it  fa!>t.  It  ko  ha|>|MMieil  that  be 
utuld  not  in  a  moment  lay  his  haniU  on  the  |iro|ier  |»i«Me 
of  timher  whi«  h  wa«  |ire|Mi'ed  for  the  |mr|>ose,  and  hv 
Mihhtitnted  the  Hri>t  hit  «»t  wood  that  ciime  in  hi«  way.  * 
For  a  liiiort  time  all  went  on  chei^rily:  our  tlnm«y  and 
heuvy-ladeu  hark  stemming  the  enrrent  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence  at  the  rate  of  Hve  kimtH  an  lumr;  when  a»  we  ran 
t4Mt  (:lo<»e  into  nhore,  the  too  of  onr  mast  caught  in  tlw 
hraiu'heb  of  a  lofty  tree,  which  hent  far  over  the  river. 
The  hit  of  wiHid  whirli  had  heen  ^o  rareles^ly  made  um' 
itf,  gave  way,  and  in  the  twinklin«f  of  an  eycS  down 
(Vime  ma»t  and  MiiU  with  a  mottt  alarming  erakh. 
Through  the  mercy  of  Provideme  im  person  was  in* 
jured,  thon^:h  .Mr<>.  II.  e<i.ca|>eil  l>eing  killed  or  uii<*erahly 
maiigleil,  only  hy  having  a  moment  iM'fore  chan^ed  her 
seat,  and  a  >toiii.in  and  child  were  lying  on  deck  imnu»- 
diately  un<ler  where  the  ma«l  fell. 

During  the  greater  part  of  the  paH^age  onr  htMit  wa^ 
drawn  hy  oxen  or  hor^eii,  of  whi«'h  we  sometimeii  had 
a»  many  an  eight;  and  when  theoe,  from  the  nature  of 
the  lihore,  t  oulil  not  he  i  luployed,  the  crew  hh(»vcd  Uii 
un  with  h»ng  p«»le»  tipped  with  inin.  Th«-ir  manner  of 
iuini(  lhe>e  \va<k  to  un  hnth  new  and  amusing.  They 
!»tiM»d,  one  hehihd  the  other,  at  the  fore  part  of  the 
ImmU,  with  their  fac«'M  to  the  Merii,  then  plnii^;ing  the 
{Hiles  into  the  hottom  of  the  river,  each  man  hent  for- 
ward till  hi)»  face  nearly  touched  the  ilet  k,  anti  then 
wliile  the  other  end  of  the  pole  w,\*  Axed  fiiinly  against 
hih  ^ht)uldcr,  he  moved  forwards  as  if  tin  all  toum, 
Mioietimes  Using  one  hand  as  an  iiddilioiial  leg,  and 
Mimeliou's  supporting  himself  altogether  merely  hy  the 
:i»si?itj(ii« e  of  the  |M»le.  U'hen  the  tirst  nuin  reachetl  the 
limits  of  his  march,  they  all  stood  erei't,  and  after 
\rith«lruMing  tlH>  poles,  wheeled  shout  to  post  them- 
st'lves  atfain  at  the  stern,  and  go  through  the  Mime  fa- 
tiguing niano'uvre. 

Onte  m-  twice  our  hoat,  with  several  others,  was 
taken  in  tow  hy  a  steanuT,  and  drawn  along  for  short 
distancck.  When  you  come  to  the  rendezvous,  and  are 
lying  to  for  the  arrival  of  the  bteumer,  you  will  W  glad 


hut  (lignU 
Mie  o(  our 
•  lyiMf(,  to 
cil  tluit  b<* 
o|»i>r  |H«Me 
V,  ami  he 
II  lii«  way. 
Iiiiiiiiy  and 
'  St.  Law- 

UN  WU  I'Hfl 

i^lit  ill  tiM' 
till'  rivor. 

»   lll.uk'  UM' 

i'V<S  down 
iif(  (-rakh. 
»ii  was  in- 
uiiM'nilily 
laii^i'il  licr 
cck  iiiiiiu»- 

r  boiit  wiM> 
tiiiivs  liiitl 
'  iialuiv  ot 

hll«>V«'ll    U|i 

niaiiiirr  ut 
1^'.  Tlu'v 
lit  of  till* 
iii^in^  llif 
I  l»i>iii  for- 

ami  tlii*n 
ily  a^aiiiiit 
all  toiini, 
I  U'ln,  and 
ifly  l»y  tlu' 
'aclic'il  till* 
and  after 
1 1^1  tiieni- 

lUiuie  fa- 

hvrn,  wtth 

for  ohort 

i,  and  an* 

ill  fx*  i^lad 


15 

to  take  tli«  opportunity  of  stepping  on  shore ;  but  pray 
reiu<'nib«r  that  I  now  forewtni  you  not  to  ramble  too 
far,  M  the  gentry  who  rule  and  goTern  on  these 
voyage*,  will  care  very  little*  when  once  ready  for 
starting,  whether  you  are  on  board  or  not,  unl«>»«,  in- 
deed, you  have  endeared  yourself  to  them  by  the  siae 
and  flavour  of  your  brandy  bottle 

There  was  apoor  emigrant  named  Walnh,  who,  with 
a  largt*  family,  was  going  up  in  ont'  of  the  Durham 
b«iats  that  was  lasheil  with  ours  to  a  steamer.  We  lay 
to  at  a  kind  of  nuay,  and  while  exiiectiiig  every  moment 
to  »ee  the  paddies  go  round,  a  boy  from  a  neifflihoiir- 
iiig  liouHc  brought  down  M»me  milk  to  di^tpo^e  of  to  the 
people  oil  iNiard  the  biiats.  WaUh,  ainoir^r  otlier*, 
«te|)ped  out  to  buy  some;  and  paying  for  it  in  >iilver, 
the  milk  merchant  want<*d  one  copper  of  the  eliaiige. 
Wljile  they  were  debating  the  point  liow  iIiIh  niitrlity 
diH'rrcme  was  to  Ito arranged,  round  went  the  puddles, 
and  a  cry  of  "  step  tm  board"  settled  the  ijiieition. 
Kvvry  one  had  got  in  except  poor  WuUli.  Me,  too, 
iiii^tit  eaiiily  have  done  no,  biit  the  fear  of  bciii;,'  h  ft 
Irt'liiml  t>o  lM>wildered  him  that  he  lont  ilie  nionxMitary 
•ip|Mirtunity,  and  it  was  not  until  his  Intat  had  receded 
loo  far  from  the  quay  to  leave  him  any  cliai  ce  of  nsicli- 
iu^  lier,  that  he  s(*eme4l  disponed  to  make  a  de^iNTite 
<i|M-iiifr,  when  he  must  inevitable  have  been  plunged 
into  the  water.  We  could  s«>e  him  in  Konie  tiuie  after, 
niiiniiig  like  one  distracted  along  the  water'n  edge,  pro. 
bahly  ill  the  vain  hope  that  the  steamer  uouM  h«' 
^topped  ill  order  to  take  him  in.  Fortnnakt  ly  he  had 
only  alMMit  thirty  miles  to  travel  to  reach  Prr*>iolt,  ami 
be  re-united  to  (lis  anxious  and  territie«l  family. 

Kueli  of  the  Durham  boats  is  fnrniKlied  with  a  metal 
4tove,  ill  which  you  cau  boil  a  kettle,  ^c.  but  you  will 
have  to  forage  for  firew(HNl  a«  you  go  aloiiur,  which  you 
can  easily  i\o,  as  there  will  occur  many  o|i|Nirlunitie<»of 
«>teppiiig  on  shore;  but  it  will  be  the  Ik  iter  plan  to 
bring  provisions  ready  dressed,  so  that  you  may  have 
:.s  little  iK'casion  fur  their  stove  as  po<>!>ible. 


ir» 


ClIAPTr.ll  V. 

We  lmv«'  iiiiw,  K'llou-.tnivcik'r,  nrriviMl  at  l*ref<"Otl, 
wliiTf  tiicrt*  I  ail  be  iitlU*  to  (ictuiii  im.  If  yuii  nro  dc- 
U'rniiiu'd  to  |Mi!tli  on  until  you  roacli  York  ur  Niii^arn, 
yuu  will  liiTo  Hmi  !>t<'ani-lioat<»  to  take  you  <iire<-t  to  nfi«> 
or  till'  otlitT.  Tlii'V  ^viil  :iUo  land  you  at  intemifdiatt' 
plai-t's  ^u«-ll  att  KiiitrMou,  rulNiiirf^,  Port  IIoim*,  At. 
Tlu'rt*  ii  aUo  a  »iiiall  ct«'auu'r,  thi'  halhoui«i>,  C'a|>tam 
MilU,  wliitli  IcavfH  Prt>H«-ott  I'vory  day  for  Kiugnton ; 
utid  if  you  |»ro|»oM>  to  Mop  a  wliilt*  at  tlt<'  lattor  tovrii,  1 
rtH:oniiiit'iid  you  to  trawl  with  faptain  M.     Cabin  fnrv, 

Should  you  lia|i|H>u  to  U>  a  haif-|»My  oAiror,  or  other- 
wit»c(Mititl«'d  to  a^^raiit  of  land  from  yrovoriuiinit,  it  will 
beiudiHiieniialtlctliat  \ouiroto  York.  whi>r«'  you  willies* 
the  Lieutenant  (lovei  iior's  Secretary,  and,  if  you  i'h<NMe, 
uaii  wait  on  bin  oxeellency.  The  former,  after  you  have 
|>refiented  your  |»M|»ei-!4  in  rcferencf*  to  your  elaiiiit  will 
f^ive  you  full  intonnafion  about  the  routine  that  you 
muMt  ffo  tliruu^ii.  before  you  fret  an  oAirial  onler  to  the 
goverument  aj^ent  of  the  tou-nMliip  in  whieh  yon  pro- 
|N»iie  taking  Vioir  prant.  Thi^  latter  funetinnury  will 
•upply  yon  with  the  numbern  of  iievenil  vacant  lot*, 
iVMdi  eontaiiiiii^  2(MI  arreM,  in  order  that,  alter  |H*r«Minal 
inii>|HHiion,  you  may  Meleet  n*  many  friiii  thc!*e  whieh 
you  prefer,  n%  will  make  up  the  qnantity  of  land  to 
which  you  are  entitled.  He  will  then  f^ive  yon  a  locu- 
tion tirket,  wliirh  bcionien  the  timt  title  to  yonr  e»tat«. 
Thi«  title,  however,  u  not  nuch  a»  W4Mild  h'gaHy  entitle 
you  to  di»|N»«e  of  your  land,  or  attnifcn  it  over  to  another, 
though  nueli  barfpiin«  are  made  every  day,  and,  1  be- 
lieve, art!  never  interfered  with  by  y^overnment. 

Before  you  eaii  demand  the  patent,  or  title  deeds  of 
yoar  land,  there  are  certain  thing*  tA  lie  performed, 
««lled  settlement  duties  (h),  and  a  few  wordt  will 
give  joQ  a  clear  idea  of  their  nature  and  extent. 

If  you,  or  any  oi^e,  hat  reiiided  for  two  years  on  the 
land,  you  are  only  reijuired  further  to  have  made  a  ruAd 
thirty  feet  wide,  along  the  front  of  your  lot  or  lotH, 
and  have  wwn  it  with  graM  aeed ;  but  if  yoo,  or  tome 


;  Prefl«*ott, 
Ml  nro  dv- 
Nia^ani, 
re<'t  to  nno 
ermediiiU: 

llotM*,    A'<'. 

S  flHptain 
Kiii)(i«ton ; 
Rr  timii,  I 
'ttbin  fare, 

or  other- 
•lit,  it  will 
nil  will  MM* 
ou  chfKMe, 
r  yuu  liRve 
:lHiin,  will 

that  yoii 
«lvr  to  the 

yoQ  pro- 
tiiury  will 
leant  lot*, 
r  |H*r«4iiuil 
e!«e  whii'h 
r  lantl  to 
'on  a  locn- 
i»nr  «»tat«. 
illy  entitle 
4)  another, 
nd,  I  be- 
lt. 

9  deeds  of 
terformed, 
ordc  will 
nt. 

art  on  the 
itdoaruad 
I  or  lotM, 
.  or  lome 


17 

one,  have  not  ao  retided,  then  your  rtNid  inu»t  have  been 
made  of  double  that  breadth :  that  i«,  thirty  feet  oa 
>*ath  Hide  of  the  line  which  hat  become  your  froat 
boundary. 

I  now  proceed  to  togii^t  how  you  ought  to  act  in 
caite  you  have  come  over  to  purchase  land.  To  effect 
thitt  piirp«>«e  there  are  three  modes  open  to  you : — To 
buy  t'ruiii  a  private  proprietor,  from  the  Canaila  (Com- 
pany, or  from  (tovemnient.  On  each  of  thetie  we  vhall 
Miy  a  few  Mords.  If  you  knew  any  friend  who  had 
iieeii  M'tlled  in  a  favourable  |Nirt  of  tlie  country  for 
Mime  time  Itefore  y<iu  came  over,  and  was  aware  of'^yuur 
intention  to  emigrate  and  pun-hatte  a  farm,  which  would 
have  a  liou<«e  and  cleared  land  on  it,  he  would  moat 
probably  \h>  able  to  make  one  out  that  would  exactly 
«>uit  ^oii.  Ill  tbi:*  ca^e,  »uch  a  purchase  would  be  in  my 
opinion  the  liest,  but  if  you  are  come  over  to  Canada, 
iiii  isolated  stranger,  or  at  least  that  you  do  not  know 
any  one  on  wbo<«e  seal  and  jiidf(ment  you  could  sulB- 
cienlly  rely  to  st  led  your  farm,  then  I  would  say,  have 
iiotiiing  to  do  with  cleareil  land  or  private  proprietors. 
'I'liere  are,  to  Im^  »ure,  plenty  of  persons  to  be  found 
who  would  wi<ili  to  giwe  you  m  t/rtfii  butyaimt  butde|iend 
upon  it,  their  first  wi»h  is  to  get  some  of  the  sovereigns 
tluit  you  have  brought  out  from  the  old  countrv  ;  and 
though  particular  farms  may  be  really  desirable,  the 
greater  part  of  those  which  your  attention  will  be  called 
to,  have  been  found  by  theirowners  to  labour  undersome 
disadvantage  of  soil  or  nituation,  or  else  the  clearv«l 
land,  wliicli  to  a  new  comer  sounds  so  temptingly,  has 
been  cropped  and  cropped  until  it  has  become  of  small 
value. 

I  can  see  little  difference  between  purchasing  lands 
from  the  Canada  C<»mpany  or  from  Government,  as  I 
believe  thoste  of  the  latter  are  etjually  good.  Thu  for- 
mer advertise  over  two  niillioiiH  of  acres  for  sale,  and 
have  land  to  di»|Nise  of  in  almost  everv  part  of  IJp|ier 
Canada.  The  purchaser  is  allowed  nve  years  to  pay 
for  bilk  liind,  and  when  he  pays  the  fint  instalment, 
one-fifUi,  he  has  power  to  liegin  making  a  clearan4*e, 
he,  J.  G.  Uetbone,  Ksq.  of  Cobourg,  is  an  agent  for 
this  company,  as  well  at  a  government  agent,  and  will 
affbrd  e?ery  inforaiation  In  the  noat  gentlwMnly  and 


/** — 


5 


Mitiklnrtory  iiiaiiiitr.  'riu'ro  aro  loiiMtuiit  iiflvortiM' 
iiMMiU  ill  tiir  |»:i|M<i-A,  till  tli«'  |»iirt  of  ptv<>rnin«iit,  re> 
<*|H.MtinK  tli«'  ili«[M».al  (if  rrowii  laiiilH,  Itotli  in  tlio  way 
iif  |iri\nl«*  sair,  iIhimiuIi  iIh-  iiirdiiiiii  iif  its  M'veral 
Hf^diln  <li<k|it*r«>«'<l  tlirtMi^li  llic  |»ruviiu-«*,  and  ul94»  by 
|>ukrM'  uiK'tion.  The  ii«iiiii  roiMlitinn  i^  tu  pay  witn 
int«.'r<'«tt  l>v  f«Mii-  VI  arlv  iiioialiiirnt!*.  Mr.  M'litnincl  iit 
ilic  icovcrniiHiit  a^^nit  at  l'<<tfrl*Mrougli. 

If  y<Mi  f^«>t  laiiil  llirnii^li  «>iilicr  uf  tlivite  cliannfls, 
yon  will  n'lnriiiltcr,  llial  il  \*  \tlml  we  cull  lm!>h  land; 
tliat  io,  in  a  pfii'iri  •>tat(?  of  natiirt*.  and  tuvrrcd  alto* 
)frllii>r  willi  fnll-;^niuii  uw*  ;  mi  that  livforv  an  turv  of 
it  iM'ntux'H  |ii-o(lii4-tiv«\  tlici'i'  imiihI  Ih>  NvrioiM  laltonr 
and  i*x|M'nM'  iiit-itrri'd.  W'hrn  wt;  roninivnt'o  any  new 
iindt'rtakinif,  of  wIiohi>  nafiiic  and  tliliicnItii'M  we  have 
had  no  |)r('vi<Mi!i  expi'iirnrc,  and  thi'i«'foro  nm  form 
«'on«-i'rniiif<  il  only  va^ne  and  ini|M>rf<'it  ideait,  we  natu* 
rally  ank  the  opinion  of  |MrMin«  who  have  themselves 
trtMi  the  name  road.  We  derive,  however,  if  we  »to|» 
there,  little  Kenefit  from  onr  iiM|niries,  for  the  more  we 
multiply  tlicni,  the  more  various  and  contradictory  will 
l>e  the  opinions  w«>  receive.  What  seemed  a  triflo  to 
one  was  a  load  to  another ;  what  one  considered  Mi 
■mnsenient  another  hated.  We  should  not,  therefore, 
be  satisfied  with  a  han>  opinion  :  we  should  ask  a  detail 
uf  the  laliourH,  and  the  diflicnltiei*,  and  the  advantages, 
and  then  there  will  l>e  Kome  probability  of  our  deciding 
whether  we  are  fitted  to  enter  on  the  proposed  under- 
taking. 

A  person  who  removes  into  the  bush  has  certainly  a 
great  deal  to  do,  or  get  done ;  and  the  feoMdes  aoJ 
younger  hranches  of  his  family  are  likely  to  endure 
many  privations,  and  |M>rhaps  suffer  what,  when  oom- 
pared  with  their  previous  experience,  may  be  justly 
considered  hardships.  8till  there  is  a  limit  to  afi  this. 
The  suu  which  had  before  cheered  them  with  tb«  flom- 
forts  and  conveniencies  of  life  may  remain  for  •  tin* 
beneath  the  horiaon,  but  it  wili  rise ;  and  iadwiry  mmI 
perseverance,  if  united  to  prodenee  and  oorrwt  eos- 
duct,  wiU  not,  cannot  fail  in  Canada,  of  tlniiff  Jfntpm 
reward. 

If  yon  can  get  land  in  •  ooncMiioa  tfcwwtgfc  wkWh 
a  road  hm  ahmdj  \t—m  oftMd  (e),  jmd  tkn  jwi  ••• 


exi 


19 

within*  rcnaoiialili*  «liMtaiin>  of  n  vill)ip:(>  or  •ttorr,  *ny 
Ally  thing  uiMl«'r  leu  iiiilt"*,  )«Mir  |Mi\aliuii<>  ncttl  m  itrrvly 
be  nioro  thitii  what  your  tiimU  uouM  liavi*  rrmh  r««d 
I'XlNHliiMit,  had  y<Mi  hci'ii  li\iiig  in  tli«-  ttiilrc  «*!  a  towiL 

Ilaviiig  loft  )<Mir  iamily  ai  llir  niMrr-t  town  or  vil- 
laffe,  you  roiiiiiicnir  oprralioiiH,  liilirr  Ity  liiring  lucii  or 
«tit«>ring  into  a  wrillrn  agrr*  lornt  uilh  an  «>x|M'i-i«'nic«l 
■etth'r,  who  will  cngago  to  « lio|»,  hni  n,  and  tmrc,  in  a 
rort^iin  nnmh«>r  of  >i(-ri'*i,  and  pnt  np  your  ^llanty  or 
lug-hoiiitv. 

This  mode  uf  priNrrdinp:.  wlirn  |»iaiii«ahl(',  I  4'unti- 
d«r  the  heMt  for  nniny  r<>a<»oii<i  ;  it  uill  alino«>t  tu  a  cer- 
tainty In)  th«>  rlica|M>t,  and  lln>  work,  t onnidering  your 
own  ini*x|»eh<'n('e,  and  |M>rlia|i«>  lliat  of  llnme  whuni  yuu 
nro  ohlitfod  to  fuiploy,  will  hr  hettfr  done.  ShouKI  you 
he  aide  uogin  clvaring  the  land  in  .lune,  or  even  in  July, 
there  will  he  quite  wutfii  ient  time  to  have  a  few  acrei 
pre|wrpd  for  Mowing  a  erop  of  wheat  in  Octob«'r  ;  and 
you  niny,  tliat  very  year,  raine  a  little  turniptf  late  cab- 
Mfffl,  and  other  vegetahlew. 

It  may  happen  to  you,  hfiwcver,  at  it  did  to  mytelf, 
that  you  arrive  loo  late  on  your  land  to  attain  tbete 
advantageN  ;  and  you  may  aNo  he  nnahle  to  meet  any 
competent  periton,  w  ho  ih  willing  to  enter  into  such  a 
contract  with  yiui  aM  deikrrilN>d.  Your  only  alternative 
then  i«  to  hire  men  by  the  day  or  month.  Men  who 
have  Iwen  for  some  time  in  the  country  are  certainly  iu 
be  preferred  ;  an  it  niunt  In*  plain  at  once,  that  he  who 
never  handled  an  axe  before  inuHt  he  inferior,  both  in 
execution  and  d<>«natch,  to  a  nraeti^ed  chopper,  and 
betidea  will  know  little  or  nothing  of  what  may  ba 
called  the  detail  of  your  opemtiomi.  If  therefore  you 
are  obliged  to  employ  cuch  per«onr^  it  will  be  abto- 
lutely  necotsary  to  prtN-ure  one  or  two  ot  the  former 
description  of  men,  and  then  you  may  get  on  pretty 
wall. 


wkidi 


CHAPTKR  VI. 


Before  w«  eater  on  the  novel  employment  of  clatr- 
ing  land,  and  putting  up  akantiea,  let  us  perch  awblla, 
Hke  tka  wild  pigeont  hara,  in  one  of  the  tallatt  traaa, 
amd  taka  a  rapid  tanray  of  tke  fiwa  of  tka  coonti7.    Tk« 


*?o 


t  (»:i»<  'I  "jMii*  ;in   I  otii|»,ir.it  i\  <  i  v  -<»  ^ini'l,  -t>  \,  w ,  ,iimI  ut 
t^i'iii-r.tt  «<•  l.ir  .i>Mii<lt  I.  lli.it  ti  iii.iv  litdk  likt  \t\iv  iHniiit) 
li'««  an  I  itiJiM<k«  II  liiri'»r,  irlirVc   iii;iii  an  I   lll,ln'^  I.iIhh.i 
:in'  MMiitiiij.'- :   aiitl^tlif    ili-rr    .iii<l    ii«  <!i^liu\rr    uif   ii> 

iMllllf^l    ilt1i:i^ltitMl->.         All     tlli>     (ii|t-(.     llO\\<\rl,      ^tili^|l 
Mill  llrlinW).    Iiii>    Ik  III 'iiir,i>lir«'il  ;uhI  •li\iiltil   UiUt  Imuii- 

*lii|»-,  l»y  '"•iirx  t-yor-  <'iii|iluv«  li  mi  ihr  |>,iri  o|'  ^ovi  in 
iiicni.  I  lirof  iiiw  ii-.|ii|i.  iirc  :if;.iiii  (ii\iili'il  iniu  wlim 
arc  iMJli'il  t  Mill  r'<«i<iji'>,  uinl  tlif-c  lattn-  into  lots,  t>at  It 
I'tl  I  iMit:tii)iii  ■  t  vt  o  Iiiiii<Im(|  ,11  I  to  ;  linlli  aii-  iiMliiliri  ril, 
tir»l,  •><  I  t)'i<l,  <Sl«  .  aM<l  tin-  |i<iiiii)|ai  v  or  «li\  i^ntii.il  liii«>o  i>t 
till'  ritji.  fs-ii.ii,,  wliiili  air  rnii  |M'i(«'»tlv  >liai;ilil.  witli- 
ont  «liv»if:*Mi;:  I'U- riilirr  o\\ani|>».  lull-,  or  vall«'\«,  art' 
f°ornii-il  l>\  l.tlxiirir  oH  \.  iili  an  iivi- .1  |Mr««' «>t  l>.iiK  oii 
••aril  ^il|•>  ui'  till'  111!  «.  tliat  slainl  u  ln'ir  tin-  liin-  -liouM 
Im',  ami  liy  niti'mg'  ilou  n  an  «M(a<«ioiial  ^nall  one.  'I'Iiim. 
iiiiiik  i«  «ailrit  ■'  till'  lil,i/t',"  himI  wlit't'i'  i«'rrntlv  (lime  i<< 
^Piirtally  miHm  li'iilly  plain,  hut  in  |iiwii»>lii|i<*  that  wt'rt' 
Hiirvrycd  <toiiH'  yrart  a*;**,  tli<'r«'  i«  liotli  ri^k  and  ilitfi- 
riiity  ill  riiiiravourinu:  to  follow  it. 

\Vli(ii  a  |»«*r>oii  lia<t  li.  «l  llic  nii^forliine  to  ^rt  ufl' the 
liiH>  or  AA/:r,  and  taiU,  after  a  fi>w  triuU,  to  rcrovtM-  it,  liit» 
lir«>t  ami  nnly  rational  r«'<»oiiirc*  Im  to  I'lulcavour,  hy  tiu' 
aid  4»f  n  coniiia^^,  tlif  «iiti,  or  any  other  nio<h,>,  tu  Lei'|> 
one  titniight  t-oiir<««'  citlur  to  tin*  «'a»t  or  \vt>t.  An  the 
fM)n(r«»<>ion  lincii  run  north  or  '^oiitli,  or  nearly  no,  k« 
will  tliu«  h(>  prt'tty  rcrlain  of  loininK  un  !>onu>  onu  or 
another  of  them,  and  so  may  cxtricatu  hiintelf  out  of  a 
▼ery  alaruiing  dilenuiia.  I  liuvo  Wen  obliged  iiiyivH 
to  haw  had  teeoitrse  tu  thi«i  |»lnn  imi  nioru  than  one 
occasion ;  and  here  I  would  Mtronf^ly  rccinniutiiid  tb« 
praeticu  of  earryinfi^  about  with  you  a  pocket  conipau, 
ut  it  will  tliew  you  the  way  when  perhaps  the  itun  may 
bo  taking  a  nap  behind  a  thick  curtain  of  cloudt. 

The  prevail iug  treen  here  are  maples,  beech,  beni« 
locks,  ce<lars,  basiiwood,  and  elms ;  pines  and  oakt  are 
numerous  in  particular  districts,  but  in  reneral  are  only 
found  scattered  an*ong  tbe  others.  The  maple,  or 
Canadian  sugar  cane,  is  a  ta!l  and  handsome  tree :  ex- 
eeUcnt  firewood  :  but  except  when  found  bird-eyedi  or 
with  »  curled  grain,  not  in  request  for  other  purpoeea. 
TKb  beedi  reeembles  that  of  the  <dd  ooontry,  uid  innii 
of  m  good  qwdity ;  it  tko  b  ine  ftrvwood.    UemlMkt 


i 


\ ,  ami  HI 
«■  ImmiihI 

^   I.iImXiI 

r  III*'  ii> 
r,  n  it •  I'll 
t?»  tnwii- 

^OV«   !  II- 

il(»  >\liai 
tit*,    «•.»»  Ii 

IIIIiIm'I  «■(!, 
I    lilH"»  ot 

lit.  \%ltll- 

W\^,   an- 
il,ilK  on 

If   -ili)ul«l 

lie.     'I'IiIm.. 
y  tliiiic  it 
itiat  wrrr 
and  tlitfi- 

rrt  tiff  tlio 
^voi-  it,  lii« 
hy  tlH> 
tu  kei'p 
Aii  thu 
y  HO,  hu 
onu  or 
'  uut  of  a 
il  iuy»cif 
than  uiie 
iimiiil  tbtf 
cuiiipais, 
Muii  may 
iJt. 

)ch,  hero* 
oak>  are 
I  are  only 
naple,  or 
tree:  ex- 
eyed*  or 
purpoeea. 
HKJ  mmi 
lemloeks 


aro  vi'ry  likr  |iii)i<4  ;  iIm  ir  ii.iik  i«  u^vA  Ky  taiincm,  unci 
thit  omii*  iIm*  Diily  ii««>  (Ih'V  ati«v%'<-r.  Tlic  (t'llurii  aru 
of  fill'  >«lii|t'  kill)!,  aiiij  i.iiik  iiiiion^  tlit<  inott  iiiiurinn- 
tililf  in'«*s  ill  l>iiili|iiiu'  lou  lutuot'o.  'I'tio  lta«»  i;*  imually 
Mficrtt'd  tor  rooliii^r  s|iaiiii«'«<,  a<4  it  »>|ilit<<  (>a»ilv,  and 
roiiiinoniy  vi-ry  fair,  lif'^idr*  lli«>  wond  is  ikofi,  and- takvM 
Icsf*  labour  to  hollow  iiiit  llir  Iroiif^lm.  There  i<4  ii  va* 
rii'ty  of  tlio  iliii.  •  alh'd  uliiti*  or  totk  <)in,  wliirli  •^ci'iiN 
Hiipcrior  to  all  oilor  trrto  lor  ^«>iirral  fiirnitiiru  and 
fraint'-work  ;  it  \s  •  lo>ii>-^'i,4iiu'd,  hard,  heavy,  and  vx* 
trenicly  toiK^li ;  it  niakes  lapilal  axc-haiidlt'M.  A«h  ii 
aUo  t'oiiiid  here  ;  one  variety,  tailed  the  hhuk  ush,  it 
approved  ot'  (or  l«t^hoii«e>  ;  hut  tor  other  piirpoM'K  the 
xvood  ill,  I  heljfve.  worth  little,  |{e^idutf  the«(f  He  have 
the  iron-wood,  hirkory,  haUaiii,  and  perliaps  a  few 
otherw.  l*luiul>  and  <  herry-tree^  are  M-atloreu  through 
our  rore«t><,  a^  are  aUo  pHinelierry  and  currant  buskcSi 
and  even  tlio  vine  ami  hop  plant  aire  not  wanting. 

The  nuniher  of  f'uil-growu  treex  on  an  acpi  variea 
mu<;h  in  difl'ereut  townAhiu^.  The  hest  dc»criptiun  vlf 
landd  npiioar  to  havo  the  fpwuftt,  and  thom*,  ««  might  be 
uxpectcif,  an*  of  a  larger  irize  than  when  found  more 
numerous.  In  tlie  Newca»tlc  district,  the  average 
nunilivr  on  an  arro  may  be  stated  at  seventy ;  andipacee 
of  twenty  or  thirty  yards  square,  free  from  large  treet, 
are  to  be  mot  with  frequently.  The  surface  of  the 
ground  is  constantly  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of  leftveiy 
thrtmgh  which,  very  thinly  scattered,  a  graw  of  a  eoane 
kind  will  make  its  way;  and  in  the  months  of  May  ud 
June  is  seen  a  tolerable  variety  of  wild  and  Ttry 
pretty  flowers. 

Besides  those  rivers,  whieh  are  considered  of  oooie 
quence  enough  to  be  marked  on  the  maps,  W9  baft 
nnmeroas streams,  generally ealled  creeks:  sone  i^  theai 
do  not  become  entirely  froten  during  the  winter,  hiA 
there  are  many  that  only  run  in  the  spring  and  fliU  ^ 
the  yaar. 

I  shall  eonclode  this  diapter  with  a  few  iihiiirnlkaai 
on  the  subject  of  elKMilng  land.  It  aDpeara  arlda^rli 
mt  that  the  season  of  the  year,  when  tUi  b  WiBf  l«|i^ 
ii  of  Miadi  impoKaaaa.  »  waer  yoa  art  fn^fiilii 
by  tht  Wlafa  of  the  trMa»  hvm  wmn^  auny  jfMl||| 
«iydir«etl<Ni»  and  yoa  thta  M  tb#  Wmfmm  mk 


i2 

oilier  HicH  »o  \cry  trMiil)l)'<tiiin<>,  lli;it  )itii  Mill  Im>  iinxiitut> 
to  iiiukr  yoor  <»iii>  ithKOi^  tlo'iii  a%  nlMirt  u«  |Hi»<>iMt>. 
TIhtc  i«  \rt  iiiotllicr  «li«a<K.iMl;i^«> ;  «|h)|o,  «oiiifiiiii«'H  of 
no  IriHirii:  rxiriit,  wliii  li.  it  <>*'rii  in  '>|Min^  or  .lutiiiiiit, 
WoiiM  Itf  <«o  uri  iiiol  iin|M«oaM«',  ii«  to  ih'trr  you  tVoiii 
M-ttliii^'  ill  llifir  nci^lilMiiii ImmhI,  uilt  iIh*ii  Ih-  an  tjry  a^ 
if  a  ilrop  of  ual«-r  roiiM  iicvci'  lie  ioiinil  thrr<>. 

^\'illt^^,   |M*rlia|iit,    io  a  «liil  inort'  ol»|i'iiioiiaMr  time, 
to  hv   kuri>,    \oii  can   tlini   racily   «li«lin|fnio|i   kwanipy 
i»|>ot!t    liy    tlu'    loMiilorks    aihl    (rilar<%    wliirli    invarialily 
oniipy  llu'ni.  and  \vlio»r  «laik  p'rcrn  roiitrai*tit  «itron);ly 
with  lli<>  IcaHt'ftn  liruiit  lir-  of  liu'  li<t><.  (/rowing   on  dry 
lan<l  ;  Inil  yon   urr  totally  |»r<'v«>iil<'«|  from   «li«io\t'rin^ 
wIm'IIm*!  till'  ^roniiil  i<«  not   <><•   iiill    of  ••Ioim'm   an   to  Ih* 
wurtli  liltU*.      IVrliapo   you   will    think   it   Mraiif^c  tinit 
tlicrc  hlioiilil  Im'  '»|om«>s  on   tin*   mirfai  ••   of   tin*  ^romiil 
Im'H'  at    all;    Mi|t|Mi»injf   lliat    tin-    l«'a\»"*    wliiili    wi-rt; 
annually     !«ln>«l    lor    four   tlion<«an(i    yisir*,    niu>«t    liuvc 
furnii'tl  in  tlirii  4lc«-.nii|iosiii(tii  a  ma^H  of  inonM    wliirli 
must  havi-  Ioiil'^  •'in*  «•  plai  i>«|  tlir  i>I«mii>h  far  bcncatli  the 
surfaie.     Tlir  fail,    liourv.r,  i**,  that  tln-rt' i?*  idfuty  of 
Htony  ianil  to  li(>  nirt   nith  in  Canada;  and  where  Mur- 
fa«e».toiie«  are  ino<»t  numerous,  ihey  are penerally  found 
in  ne«ti»  or  lo-ap!*.    Thi*  i«  plainly  eaused  hy  thot.e  tree* 
whirh  have  Im'I'ii  overfnrni'd  hy   the   wimi ;  their    rooU 
hrin^;inK   np  on   <>iirli   or«  a«iony  u  nian^^  of  the  ttub-noil, 
with  all  iIm' »tones  that  wrre  amonp  it. 

In  the  oprinp,  »ay  from  the  l»t  of  April  to  the  4th 
or  ;»ih  of  May,  or  in  tin*  months  of  <  Ktoher  and  No- 
vemher,  are  found,  nti  I  ronreive,  the  heht  op|N>rtutii- 
tio«  for  jud^:ill^  of,  and  *>rlertin^  land.  You  will  then 
nee  at  onetime  a  innrh  larger  extent  (»f  the  face  of  the 
country,  you  will  not  he  in  danger  of  your  loniiig  your 
temper  and  your  Melf-poxM'UHifiu  together  hy  the  nui* 
rally  inoMpritoe<«:  you  will  have  douhlo  evidence  of 
every  kwampy  <«pot  in  the  contract  of  which  I  have  ul- 
ready  »>pok(>ii.  and  in  the  water,  throiif^h  which  you  are 
uhlif^ed  to  >pla!«li;  and  you  will  he  ahle  to  determine 
about  the  ^tom>,  hoth  hy  ohserving  the  turface,  and 
better  Ktill,  hy  examining  the  mMMM  of  earth  which  ad> 
heres  to  the  root«  of  any  tree  that  may  hap{>en  to  have 
been  iq^et  hy  wind.  After  all,  I  would  not  b«  under- 
Htooil  to  join  in  the  outcry  raiited  by  new  aettlert  againit 


•  unxiouK 

L'lmu'i*  of 

.iiiliniiM, 

V'oii  Iruiii 

>n  dry  a> 

l>l(<  time  , 
tiwuiit|)y 
iiviiriaMy 
iiti-i»ii|;ly 
^r  on  ill) 
ito^eriii^ 
an  to  !><• 
[IllffC   tluit 

•'  ^ruMiul 
lit-li  wrn; 
iii»t  liuve 
iM  wliirii 
iiratli  tliu 

Iilfiity  ut 
u»r»'  Mur- 
itlly  fuiiiid 
lio!«u  trei'h 
ii'ir  rouU 
u  Hiib-tiuil, 

tu  the  4tli 
r  uiitl  No- 
»|t|N>rtuni- 

will  then 
iicf  of  till* 
>itiiiK  your 
y  tlie  rai- 

ideiicv  of 

I  havo  al- 
Ji  you  are 
dtfierminv 
rface,  and 

which  ad- 
«n  to  have 

b«  under- 
vra  againtt 


V 


23 

tlu'iM'  Mii«l  nwimipi..  WImtc  iIm'v  i»ro  not  of  too  irrwil 
t'xU'nt.aiid  wlic'rc  tlic  tiniWr  in  llicni  i*  iurgv  aodtwal- 
tliv,  I  iM'lii'vu  tlifv  will  hi'  found  JHfrc'aflt'r  of  Kntnt 
ndvttnlHKc  to  n  farm,  a«  iirodncing,  wlien  cleared,  the 
b4'!>t  iMiMtnru  iiiid  lucudow  iund. 

niAPTF.Il   VII. 

Let  UM  now  turn  for  a  nionient,  fnim  the  wood*  to 
noiutf  of  thvir  inliMhiUiulM.     You  Mftt  already  aware  thai 
bearit  an«l   woIvom  prowl  ainonf(  them.     I  liave  beard 
the  howl  of  a  wolf  now  and  tln-n,  but  have  not  yet  got 
a  light  of  ritliiT.     TIum,  liowevfr,  i%  not  to  be  won- 
dered at;  ait  you  will  niri't  liundn'dii  who  have  been  ••- 
veral  yean*  in  tin*  roonlry,    mIioii«>  « uri«Niity  remaiua 
e<|ually  ungratitiud.    I)<mt  are  very  nunierout,  and  per- 
•ont  living  in  a  town  or  villug<>  find  little  more  difficulty 
in   |>ru(unng   plenty  of  fine   veiii»on,  tlian  iu»t  to  pay 
for  it;  hut  a  huftli  raii^«'r  niuct  catch  it  for  hiraeelf,  and 
new  Ncillern  u*tually  liave  for  a  few  years  other  matters 
to  attend  to.     The  red   |mrtridge,  a  large  and  much 
finer  hird  than  that  of  the  old  country,  i«  here  in  great 
numbent,  and  no  tame,  iliat  you  might  f'requently  ehooC  at 
them  with  a  |)ockct-|»i»tol.    Wild  |iigeoini  •warm  in  the 
woods  during  the  sunnner;  they  too,  areoanily  ahott  and 
are  generally  found   very  fat.     Wild   ducks  are  alto  in 
ahuudance  on  niont  of  the  inland  lakes;  and  I  am  told 
woodcocks  arc  lo  he  found  in  plenty  in  some  places; 
but  snipes  appear  to  hu  very  scarce,  at  least  in  this  part 
of  Canada.     Woodpeckeis  of  several  kinds  and  suhm, 
are  tapping  the  decayed  trees  in  every  direction,  aad 
until  you   become   very  well  UMcd  to  them,  the  soand 
they  produce  will  sometimes  startle  you;  it  comes  as 
suddenly  on  the  ear,  and  almost  as  loud  as  the  rap  of  a 
fashionable  fi  otnian. 

I  ha<l  nearly  forgot  that  active  and  amnsinv  little 
animal,  the  squirrel.  They  abound  in  the  woods,  and 
if  you  stretch  on  the  ground,  or  sit  down  on  a  fallen 
tree,  they  will  frequently  pass  nearly  over  yoa.  1  bavo 
seen  a  few  black  ones,  but  those  of  a  raddisli  brown 
oro  every  where.  We  have  foxes  among  us  too;  but  I 
niiuttld  tbink  they  are  neither  very  nomerom  mot  very 
daring ;  they  are  probabljr  just  enough  to  kotp  ap  the 


84 

mvnluahU'  lireed.  until  Kiirh  timr  at  the  country  ibal 
havf  b«'«-<im«  Kuttii  i«Miily  «:l«>urri|  to  oiiaMo  NiiurtMi«,  yet 
uiilMtrii,  to  linsik  tlii*ir  iii't  k>»  ii>  |»iii-9uit  of  th«Mii. 

NotM'iliiittiUxtitiif  tlio  iiuiiiIht  of  aniniaU  and  bix^t 
whi<*li  liav«'  Im'«'ii  iiotiicil, — ai^l  tlicrc  arc  many  otor« 
<inittt«d — it  i<i  viitKriiMiity  \\oii«l**rfiil  ^liat  a  lunji^  walk 
yuii  Hiii  MMnt*liinf<«  taki*  tiiitMi^li  the  wuimIm  livrr,  and 
•«>«rct>iy  niiiH  with  a  lii'iii^  ohjtt't  iM-'vith'  the  muM|uitoet. 
Th<*iM*,  dnrinf(  tht*  Minint«*r  months  will  he  sure  to  at- 
ti>nd  you.  and  lM'li<>ve  me.  «>\t(Mit  ytm  are  one  of  ihoMt 
oallouh  t'flloWM  who  art'  *o  deToid  ot  all  feeliuK  as  to  dn*^y 
niaiM(uit(Nhi,  mid|^e«,  and  hlat^k  ilii>«,  you  will  often  be 
forrtnl  to  wiidi  tlu*  thriM'  triln's  at  the  liott4»!n  of  the  lea  — 
at  li'attt  y(»u  would  hv^s;  they  would  ^u  somewhere  elie, 
and  It't  t/oH  idone. 

When  yuii  wrre  %|M>akinf;  of  coming  over  to  Canada, 
ovory  tmt'  had  |>ity  tor  you  ahtHit  the  piercing  cold  of 
tbe  winter,  the  iutul«>i*a)ik*  heat  ot  the  summer,  or  the 
bear«,  or  the  woIvch,  itr  sonu*  other  eoually  faiM'iful 
hullahuii;  but  my  life  on  it,  not  one  told  you  th«  r«al 
truth,  that  the  only  tlii*igH  to  lie  dreaded  in  Upper  Ca- 
nada are  the  ague  and  the  tfiiMi.  For  the  former,  if  yoa 
•hould  K''l  >^  the  ttulpltale  of  <|uiniue  ii*  almost  a  speci' 
fie;  and  for  the  latter,  it  \<*  {tleaitaut  to  know  that  tneae 
li»niieutor>  diuiiiii'>li  a*  your « lenraiiee  iNM-tmiesextemled. 
Indeed,  in  a  i  learam-e  ot  alMi«H>t  the  MUialleikt  itiie,  you 
will  Im*  little  trouhied  with  iiio^r|tiitu4*#v  a«i  they  seldoiD 
leave  the  iuMiie«liate  •.liade  ot  the  tree)*.  It  is  otherwise 
with  the  hiaek  tlie*  ami  hiid^i>i*.  These  eongrcgate 
•bout  you  in  the  iiioruiii|jii  and  evenings  and  are  so 
nnmlM'rie<.!i,  •>«>  |)ri>i<'vei-tiitr,  and  nu  Mood-thir<tty,  that 
you  will  he  ti*-ijtii<iitly  «-oni|>elled  to  retr(>at  to  your 
house  at  the  very  It  die  when  it  would  Ih'  nn>st  pleasant, 
and  when  |M'rha|it  yon  would  he  nio<«t  anxious  to  conti- 
nue nt  work.  In  oeiiled  weather  tliet  ^rv  not  so  troll- 
bleitonM*,  and  when  a  hrei'Zf  i«>  ntininir,  w}iieh  frequently 
m*rnrtt,  you  an'  Huie  ot  hein</ i|niu>  tree  from  them;  ao 
tliat    when  oni-e  a  <>«'ttl(  r  lia»   hi-tonie   sutfieiently  inde- 

iienilent  to  have  part  ot  lii^  time  at  his  own  dis|N>tal, 
le  uin  avoid  the  annoyamt*  of  tlieni  almost  altogether, 
by  remainuig  within  at  «neh  times  as  he  finds  them 
tnuddeMum*.  Until  that  happy  peritNl  Mliall  have  arrired, 
he  must  bear  |K'r»i'cution  ^^  well  as  be  can  ■  though  I 


itry  ibal 
ro4l«,  yet 
III. 

ii<l  blrdt 
my  niora 
\>nf(  w«Ik 
ivre,  aiid 

1M|uiUj«1l. 

re  to  Rt- 
of  ihoto 

IS  to  <ip*y 

often  be 
tbeteft— 
lere  cite, 

» Cantda, 
i|i|^  cold  of 
*r,  or  the 
f  fMiirifiil 
«  tli«  real 
jpptST  Ca- 
er,  if  yoo 
>t  ft  fpedi- 
that  these 
pxtentled. 
•tisc,  you 
•y  (wluoiD 
iitherwiae 
iiigrpgiite 
fid  nre  so 
r<»ty,  that 
I  to  your 

l»l«>asaiit, 
I  to  ronti- 

«o  trou- 
rt'quently 
them;  to 
ntly  ind«- 
I  di»|N>sal, 
ltt»gether, 
nda  them 
e  arriT«d» 
-thau|^  1 


25 

doubt  if  it  n-ill  *et\e  to  teatli  him  iiiiit:h  mercy  tor  hia 
toniit'iitor^;  and  in  the  iiiuuu  time  let  hini  tiOM^er 
tht'iu  u^  iiiicmdrd  to  be  ao  many  »pur«  to  hit  ex«rtioiM» 
wih\  iN'ikoveiuuce  in  cU'urhi^  away  the  forest. 

ClfAPTKIl   Vlll. 

In  <M>l<H>tiii|r  a  ftite  for  y«Mir  hoii««,  do  not  ftNipH  tiMt 
a  pHul  fuir  triMii  th<>  front  will  nerve  to  varry  off  the 
meititig  Hiiow  in  thi>  »|>riug ;  as  well  as  the  water  frow 
the  heavy  tliuitder  showers  whitJi  you  may  expect  M 
susuiiier.  Jli^fore  yoii  lay  one  log  over  aBother»  1  ra- 
mind  you  to  have  fvory  tree  felltMl,  which,  if  left  WKVC 
«MHiJd  afterwards  reach  tlie  inteudtHl  dwelling.  It  WOidd 
L«^  Ktiil  better,  if  time  allow«Hl  you,  to  get  »«paee  e€ 
the  foreiit  of  forty  or  fifty  yards  square  burnt  off  befiire 
the  tihaiity  was  e«>mMienred ;  and  then,  and  tbeM  ei^t 
can  it  be  |>erte«tly  Kafe.  This  |in>caution,  how«v«r, 
seems  seldom  att«>ii(hMl  to  by  new  u*ttlers;  toBMlinii* 
perhaps  from  impatience  to  see  their  woodhiad  filMwine 
in  progress,  but  stiil  ofteiier  from  ignunMiee  ef  tiM  ee» 
rious  risk  incurred  by  neglecting  it.  After  a  little  dlry 
weather  the  brandies  of  the  traes»  if  ther  Imre  bees 
cut  for  a  few  we<*ks,  will  with  a  very  sngiU  hreeee, 
burn  iiiostt  furioiikly,  assisted  by  the  thick  coat  of  leevee 
on  the  ftiirl'ace  of  the  gnmnd;  ami  should  the  numiag 
fire  take  its  i-oiirse  towards  the  newly-crected  ediffeei 
you  will  have  si>mething  to  do  to  save  it  from  the  de* 
voiiring  element.  I  am  not  myself  a  "  bnmt  diiki,** 
but  was  to«»  near  lM>ii^(  so,  not  to  *'  dread  the  fire." 
My  f^hanty  had  been  up  some  months,  when  the  hom- 
ing of  the  brush  and  timber  of  my  clearance  waa  coob- 
nieiiced,  and  it  n><|uired  the  utmost  exertions  of  fonr 
persons  to  prevent  its  being  d«*stroyed.  The  anoke 
and  heat  were  so  suffm«ting  and  inliderable,  that  my 
family  was  obliged  to  tjkke  ri^fuge  for  two  howra  in  ibe 
cellar;  and  from  the  cirt-umstanre  of  the  fif«  having 
completely  ^urroulld(>d  the  |>remises  it  would  hare  been 
very  difficult  to  have  removed  our  things  to  a  place  ni 
safety,  had  it  been  m^iHMisary  to  make  the  attempt.  1 
would  therefore  re|M>at  ihe  advice  to  new  aettlere,  to 
chop  down  and  burn  off  at  onct'>  at  least  ono  acre  of  tbe 
forest  immediately  about  the  spot  where  he  intends  to 


m 


1 


jiu'  ii|i  litx  liuii".!';  hill  oliMiil'l  ln'  li.iv«>  nMirl(.rf«Ml  dMiri;; 
"I'.  .iihI  til  ii  Im-  <  »i-mt'H  !ift«Tvvi)r*U  (<»  rutfr  int«i  ii  « "tn- 
tia<t  uitli  «itii)i  |M>r«<>ii  tor  ilfiiriiii;  a  ri>rt;iiii  (|u;iutilv 
nt  lit*  i.iii  I.  I)'l  liitii  t.ikf  fh*>  i-iiii«<>(|ii«'iin>,  it  li«>  i|iM><« 
tiot  lM.tk<-  It  a  I  imhIiIioii  iii  tliril'  Wi'illi'll  .'lifiVtiilctlt ,  tii.'lt 
li»'  i*  to  l>.  nii|'Miiintii'.|  tiM  Hir  ltm«t  lu«  iiiiy  «ti<itaill, 
•tliMiiitl  lij.  Imii-  ■  (or  '•Iciiitv)  Im!  «t»n»iimtMl,  wliiMi  thf 
»'l»';ii  ,«it<c  I*  Imuil'  liiiriit  ••().  .,     . 

I'l'i'-oiiul  <>li«<  r\  .It  i)Mi  N\iil  i;ivi'  yoil  a  rl«'!iri»r  i«l«'u  of 
flif  iiiaiihcr  III  wliiiii  oliaiilit'H  itit*  |miI  totfdiM'r.  tli:tri 
i-oiiM  Im*  uiitaiiK'tl  tVoiM  itii)  tii-lail  oC  iiiiiu-:  <«tiil,  I  ron- 
ri<iv»*,  \oii  may  jlrriM'  aiKatita;:**  fVom  :i  hk*'l<'(i  of  <.n.ih 
nn  o|»('iatii>ii.  Voiir  iii»  \|M'ri<>iiri>  will  vrry  iiiitiirally 
l«'a<l  \i>*i  to  If.ivf  u  LMcat  «l«'al  lo  llir  iikmi  V'MI  liavt* 
«Mn{>|ii\  «-ii,  ntitl  tiiorc  i.ti;r«'lv  so  if  yni  liiiv<>  ^ot  iiM'Tl 
wlio  an-  ii-<  «i  to  <k>ui  Ii  kiiui  of  work:  hut  if  you  nliiit 
yom  own  <•>«•*  altoi;rtln'r,  ami  ti>t»lly  «I»m  liiu*  llu*  mijf- 
jj»'»tio?i^  oi    v«»iirov\ii    luil^iiuMit.     1    will    proplii'xy  you 

will   K'^trl    li.tvili;;  «l<>nc  HO. 

Having  <l»'«i«Ji'(|  oil  tin*  «>xtfUt'Hiiil  jii  ui  of  tll««  «Mli- 
fut',  your  iiM'ii  |iro««)il  to  Im-u  ilown  •«urli  trti"*,  lonve- 
iii«'iit  to  till'  iiihiiilnl  »it<>,  n<«  an*  of  a  proper  tliirkn(*M. 
Till'  Htrainl'iir  llM".»'ari',  tlu'  lu'tti'r;  aud  if  <«'«lar«  tan 
hi'  pro*  iin  (I  without  hum  li  ditfit  ulty,  llu'y  nhouhl  ht» 
rlioKuti.  M  iplo  ar«'  ^aitj  to  di-ray  vi-ry  noon — iti  Homo 
rft*.'»«  afU'r  Hvr  or  six  yt'ar-*;  but  though  it  niififlit  h<»  im- 
pOMsililf  to  Ml  ikc  tluMii  last  for  a  groat  loii^tli  of  timtf, 
I  !«iU»|M'i  t  the  tnn*  iauH««  of  tlu»  m»  rapid  «l»'ray  of  tho 
HhaMtii"«  allitdid  lo,  wa<4  tli(*ir  hnviu((  been  ronstantlr 
noakiii;^  wat«T,  wlniu'v«'r  rain  f«'ll,  from  tln»  j^r<»i»s  lazi- 
iM»ii»  or  iicKliut  ot'  tin"  pt*r«ouH  whti  ofoiT|»ied  thcin. 

Tlie  fr«'('H  an*  now  rut  into  the  proper  length*,  and 
iMdK'rtfd  to^i'tiu'r.  hinging  for  u  foundation  it  of 
r,our»«>  never  tlioii^lit  of.  Having  pliu'<*4l  two  end  log* 
in  tliu  plaee^  wtiere  they  are  to  remain,  a  man  with  Ml 
axe,  within  a  few  in«  lieM  of  tiie  extreme  eiidt  of  eseh, 
putM  a  kind  of  nit,  wlio«e  breadth  iii  tho  diameter  of 
tiie  i(»g  which  \»  to  be  next  put  up,  and  it«  nhape,  like 
the  letter  V,  turned  upiiide  down  ;  the  under  aide*  of  A^ 
trout  and  rere  log  are  then  rut,  like  the  aiiid  letter  V» 
■o  M  to  lie  clo^e  <lh  the  end  lugt,  and  thuf  they  beeomv, 
M  it  vrere,  locked  together.  A  similar  operation  It  rw- 
peaUd, — two  eud  tnd  two  aUla  logt,— votil  the  w^tdtn 


m\  tloinir 
tit  ii  « «)ii- 
<|ii:iutii  y 
In*  iliM"* 
li'rit,  lliiil 
;  vtfitaill, 
«ll«M»   tl»« 

•I"  i«{«'a  "f 
Iht.  ttriii 
II,  I  roM- 
I  uf  Hinh 
iiiifiirally 
V'oit    liavo 

you  nllllt 
•  llu"  mijr- 
|)lu'<»y  you 

f  tin*  *Mli- 
»»s,  I'onve- 
t)ii(-kii(*ii«. 
i'dam  ran 
(huiiltt  Ik* 
—ill  Honu* 
flit  !•<•  im- 
ki  of  time, 

ay  of  th« 

ontiitiMitly 
^r<M««(  lazi* 

licMn. 
if^tliR,  and 

ion  it  uf 
o  end  lof^ 
in  with  Ml 
of  «M3h, 

iimet«r  of 
linpe,  like 
'  iiidf^  of  •, 
il  l«tt^  V, 
By  beeooi^t 
ition  tt  t«- 


! 


ST   ':.•/  ■■      , 

>\alU   li.»\i'  .iII.uihmI  iIk*  ;ui|iiind  JuMf-lit.  \\\ivu  tin.'  d«M»r 
aii«l  »\  iii<lo\v  "jiiu* '.  Jiro   i'Ul   away.      It    tlo'   Irrr:*    hav«* 
Imi  u  «a;«  tiill)   HI  1«'»  U'd,  !%o    a*    to  hr    i.*    marly    of  oiii» 
SI/I-,   aiiij  Hs    -tiii'iilit  an    |»os»il»|»',   tiun'   will    lur   Jitllt*  . 
Ironlilf   Ml    <litlii  iillv  in    ia^inv'   liri?  loj^'.*  ^<»  av  alli»o<»t  li» 
tt)Ut  il   •aril   oilier    Ml    rviMV  part ,  ami   tlioimli  moiu?  nf 
your  luiii  will  •luU'avour  to  'xr^iiadi-  yon  that  tlTn*  i*  a 
in.itti'i    ot'  iii»   « oii*r<|iii'iM  c,   aiwl   lliat    it    id   tile   t-atiitnit 
tiling  III  lilt'  \«oil(l  to  ram  in  a    |)i('t«>  ot   lia*fiHood  into 
till'  I  liiiik<>,   miiitl  thrill  not.      Von   havr   now  to  ^<>t  up 
the  loot,   \\hi«h  for   a   chanty  in  ina«h>   hy  Kpiittin^  th«» 
••tiaif:ht«-«i  h)i>o\voo«l  trt'f*  in  two,  siikI  itftor  tlH»v  Inive 
hern  hollow  III  out  with  ax("«,   |ilai  iii^  then),  the  hollow 
part    ii|i,   iHiilo    hy  >«i<h',   and  an   rio<>rly  tofli^etloT  n*    you 
laii.   <'>o  that    the*   fiuU  will    rvsl  un  the  n|iprr   HhiU  and 
front    lo^H.      To   |ir«'Vi'nt   rain    ^^('ttin|r  through,    oilier 
troii);h«,  Kimilaily  |irc|»urfd,  arc   phiied  oni*  over  i'%'i>ry 
joint,    with   the  (oiieavu   oidti   uiidtT,   and    the   roof    it 
tinishrd. 

I  otron^ly  recoiniiiend  yon  t<»  have  the  itidet  of  ihcto 
iiiidcr  tronf<li«»  nmde  <juite  Mtrai^ht,  which  ran  eauily  be 
done  hy  tlo'  axKintame  of  a  hhu k-line.  Tliit  will  upare 
yuii  mm  h  trouhle  afterwards,  and  render  it  an  eaay 
matter  to  make  the  joint*  imnerviouN  to  the  cool  air  of 
winter.  Here  again  the  worknuui  will  exclaim  af^ainat 
your  uiiUHUul  nicety;  hul  rc*meinl>er  that  it  it  yourovrn 
wife  and  your  own  children  who  are  to  upend  the  i^jh 
l>ru;iching  winter  under  that  nM»f,  mid  he  retired  to 
make  them  at  etmifortahle  a.-*  you  can. 

If  you  aru  anxiuut  to  have  your  family  in  their  new 
habitation  at  tiNin  at  poatihie,  they  mav  now  ooflM  iaio 
it.  The  weather,  until  probably  tne  middle  of  Novmi- 
ber,  will  render  a  tlight  curtain  tacked  up  at  night,  • 
tufficient  tubttitute  for  f^laaed  taabet;  and  the  good  b** 
hariour  of  your  neigbbourt,  thould  you  happen  to  liaTn 
any,  will  uaute  any  atronger  door  to  be  quiln  laaat* 
ceaaary. 

Yon  will  then  have  lelaiire  to  make,  or  gtt  ONMle,  by 
degreet,  any  artidea  of  honaebdd  ftimiturt  yon  re> 
duTre,  and  wnatever  you  judge  proper  ftw  finiirfiiiig  jomr 
atuuily. 

Under  Ibia  latt  kend,  your  ire.pkwtt  mm!  Almm&f 
cUUb  the  imt  nMe^tioa.    Fer  a  akert  lint  jm  aaf 


T 


^r| 


% 


-•it 


29 

porhiips  find  it  ox|)0(liont  to  irnitato  a  very  fi^enernl  plan 
ainoii;^  ii»»w  s<'ttl<'rs — ^just  to  plaru  u  few  lurgo  stones 
loosely  a^aiui^t  that  |)art  \vlit>re  a  Hro  is  to  he  made,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  I<»^h  of  the  shanty  from  if;^iiiting ; 
and  let  a  s(piare  liole  in  the  roof  serve  as  a  chimney. 
If,  however,  time  and  circumstances  allow  it,  it  will 
be  better  to  d(»  at  once  what  must  otherwise  be  shortly 
done,  and  get  a  stone  chimney  nut  up. 

It  may  happen  that  you  will  be  advised,  as  1  was,  to 
put  up  a  wooden  chimney,  well  plastered  within  and 
without.  Such  are  in  pretty  general  use,  and  may  an- 
swer very  well  where  a  constant  or  strong  fire  is  not 
required.  Still  1  cannot  recommend  them,  as,  let  their 
construction  be  ever  so  perfect,  they  are  certainly  ex- 
posed to  the  danger  of  catching  fire  sooner  (»r  later;  and 
the  consciousness  of  this  dainger  will  often  c(»me  upon 
you,  while  enji»ying  a  roaring  fire  of  a  cold  night,  like 
a  bitter  breeze  from  the  north. 

If  you  can  at  once  burn  some  limestone,  well  and 
good ;  but  you  are  not  without  an  excellent  substitute 
for  lime  mortar,  by  mixing  together  two  parts  of  wood- 
ashes  with  one  of  red  earth,  which  is  found  by  remor- 
ing  the  surface  stratum  of  black  vegetable  mould. 
Lime  is  burned  here  in  kilns,  pretty  similar  to  those  of 
the  old  country;  but  it  is  also  made  in  a  still  simpler 
manner.  The  stones,  well  broken,  are  placed  on  the 
top  of  a  large  log  heap,  which  is  then  set  on  fire,  and 
if  the  logs  are  gross  enough,  and  piled  very  dote  to- 
gether, you  will  have  plenty  of  excellent  lime  in  a  few 
liours. 

Should  there  be  no  saw-mill  within  n  reMonaUe  dk- 
tance,  you  will  find  that  boards  gmi  be  procured  by 
splitting  basswood,  cedar,  or  pinei  they  will  at  leMt 
make  a  tolerable  floor,  doors,  Ac  An  adw  her*  wlU 
be  A  very  usefnl  tool,  bm  bf  meaiM  «f  it  yon  cm  hmIm 
•tttih  boards  nearly  as  fair  aa  if  tbev  bad  hmm  wwii,  mmI*- 
smooth  enough  to  repuire  no  plaumf . 

"'  *  CHAPT£B  IX 

In  our  last  chapter,  fellow-trrnvtiler,  I  M  ywi'li'li 

yOS  MW  Md  to  Mjr  mIw§*      0MIIW  M^#  "llMMlDr 


leml  pl.m 
j^e  stones 
made,  in 
igniting ; 
cliiinney. 
it,  it  will 
>e  shurtly 

1  was,  to 
itliin  and 

I  inny  an- 
ire  is  not 
I,  let  their 
tainly  ex- 
later;  and 
[»me  upon 
ight,  like 

well  and 
substitute 

of  wood- 
»y  remoT- 
e  mould, 
o  those  of 

II  simpler 
)d  on  the 

fire,  and 
'  dote  lo- 
>  in  a  f«w 

naUedW- 
cared  by 
at  leart 

Via 


Ban  Mkk» 


29 

tiioiif2fh  it  may  bo,  iIhto  is  a  plonsnnt  oxritemont  felt 
(Ml  tlic  first  nif^lit  whon  yoii  ornipy  your  own  shanty, 
and  sit  you  <lown,  •'  tho  nioiiarcli  of  a  slird."  If  it 
want  several  convcnitMicj's,  and  sijmc  <'(»inforts,  loi»k 
forward  to  the  time  when  you  sluill  he  able  to  erert  a 
better;  and  in  tht;  mean  tinie,  a  little  liandy-work, 
now  and  tlien,  will  supply  many  of  its  (lefloiencies.  A 
rellar  under  s<»nje  part  of  it  will  prove  v«'ry  useful — in- 
<le(ij.  it  iM  abnosl  iridii^pensable ;  and  a  couple  of  handy 
men,  in  two  or  three  days,  will  mahc  a  hutficiently 
^ood  one. 

IJ«'f(»re  we  turn  our  attention  to  the  process  of 
rlearin^-  the  land,  we  m«i»»t  endeavour  to  supply  you 
with  a  cow.  Yon  are  startled,  peihapn,  at  the  idea 
of  buying  hay  suffirient  to  keep  up  a  cow  during 
the  long  approaching  winter ;  but,  though  I  spoke 
of  a  cow,  I  have  not  hinted  at  the  necessity  of 
feeding  Iter  with  hay.  The  cows  in  (^anada  are 
satiitfied  to  live  tm  cheaper  terms.  Let  them  only 
have  plenty  of  hrowie,  and  a  little  salt  twice  a 
week,  and  they  will  not  only  live,  but  give  you  milk 
be«i<leH. 

Hy  browie  is  meant  the  young  ahotits ;  and  a  good 
topped  basM  or  maple  will  supply  enough  of  these  dur- 
ing (me  <lay.  You  must  enaeavour  to  procure  a  cow 
that  has  got  a  calf  at  her  side ;  and  by  confining  the 
latter,  there  will  be  a  better  prospect  of  the  mother 
returning  regularly  to  be  milked,  at  which  timet  the 
calf  may  be  allowed  to  draw  part  of  the  milk. 

As  a  further  precaution,  yon  will  attach  a  bell  to  the 
cow's  neck,  so  that  a  person  may  discover  by  ite  soand 
in  whAt  direction  she  is,  shoold  it  be  necessary  to  go 
into  the  bnsh  in  search  of  her.  Amidst  the  stillnasi 
and  loneliness  of  the  forest,  **  those  evening  bells'*  havo 
^  the  stranger  a  pleasing  effect ;  bat  when  thef  haro 
%d  yon  aloii^  once  or  twice,  until  you  h«f«  hesBft 
loal  in  the  i^oods,  awl  hare  to  spend  a  loiif  ,  ^nwry 
night,  in  the  centre  vH  some  dismal  swamp,  ymi  wul 
not  in  fntare  find  so  mnch  musie  in  their  tiUktiRga. 

I  had  boon  hot  ii  few  weeks  settled  in  the  f4Mh, 
I  Iho  iddst  of  OelohiM'i 


iHig, 


^i 


dowK  o«r  wnmm  tUti$  Willi  mf  IHM*  i^^t  M^  «• 


:)o 


f 

»* 


Mioti  ImmiiI  (Hir  ('u\v'.«i  Im'11  aiiioDir  tli(>  ti'«'i>s,  :m  if  nul 
ir.aiiv  liiiiMlrt'd  \,ir»l>  Jiom  ulii'io  w<'  stuud.  Kiinvvini' 
ny  t  N|M'ru'iu('  tlKit  it  was  not  vory  «t'itaiii  s\\v  uouUl 
coiiK-  liutiK'  ot  linx'lt,  1  tli'tsircd  the  tliild  tt*  ichirii, 
and  >iid  I  \v«Mild  Im'  l»a(  U  uilli  tlu»  row  in  a  IfW  niiiiulrs. 
1  tiriii'vc  tli.tt.  a>  tilt!  cow  lii-ard  nic  a|i|>roM('li,  she 
moved  tail  her  into  tlu>  hush,  tor  1  was  ninth  h)n^t.>r  in 
timiiiifr  np  with  her  than  1  fxprtttMl.  It  wa«*  in>w  hi - 
t'onic  a  ('()tn)d('!i>  ^^ii<>s>-wt)rk  afl'air  to  niakf  ttnr  way 
hat  !<  t<i  ti>«'  chanty;  antl  I  did  nt>t  t'htiox*  ttt  taUf  the 
ims  a•^  a  ^niih-.  hcianx'  I  km-w  she  wonhl  pii'ft'r  re- 
niainiifr  ont  all  niiflit.  Slu'  wishetl  to  tit*  <»nt'  way,  and 
I  ttdd  her  silt'  >Iiunld  i^it  ani»tht'r;  and  wo  >|u'nt  s«> 
iiiuih  tinif  in  tht<  altt'it  atitm,  thai  at  icn^Mli  thi*  int  rt'.'iij- 
iiiLT  indistUK  tni>>^  with  whith  1  saw,  n'niiinh'tl  nti>  that 
I  hatl  lit'tK'i'  laK«>  (hanct*  tor  her  t-oniin|i:  honu>,  and  t  n- 
tleavtoir  tt»  find  niv  own  way  hut  k  vvitht)nt  InitiuT 
dflav. 

This  wtMild  ti'itainiy  have  ht'i'n  a  wist'  rcstdiititin,  it 
madt'  in  linn';  as  it  \v;is,  it  was  like  that  of  st»nu>  «dd 
I  ai  ht'IiU'.  when  ht>  tiett'rniiiws,  hut  too  late,  to  marry 
and  |:(i  htir>.  Tht*  cuw  antl  I  hatl  takfn  so  many  don 
hk's  ..lit!  short  tiiininjj^s,  that  I  ttmid  nt>t  pos^ihiy  th'tfr- 
inini>.  with  any  t<i-tainiy,  what  direititni  I  on<^lit  to 
i-ltoo.se  :  hnt  it  \\a>  now  no  linn*  tor  pan^in^,  and  |)ans- 
in<:  tnnhl  Im-  <•♦  little  n»e  ;  st)  tdl  I  walked,  with  a  feel- 
ing rather  <  I'  lHi])t>  than  heliet'  that  J  was  atlvaiif/m^^ 
t  twartis  htui.i .  Ni^lit  and  starry  tiarkness  tjrt.'w  o!i 
apaee.  It  w.is  sinli  a  ni^ht  as  1  etnild  have  atjmired, 
had  1  iieen  in«t  stantlin^  at  the  thrt'shttld  oi  niy  own 
diKM',  and  kiiew  tii.tl  w  hen  1  hatl  looked  \oii'fi:  einin{.;h  at 
the  stars,  and  hnininetl  tivor  "  The  Vtumi,'^  May  Motni,' 
I  Inui  oidy  tt>  tnni  al'tnil  antl  enter  a  eotnt'tirtahle  room. 
where  there  was  a  hlaxin^'  tire  and  a  ^iiotl  leather  hetl 
l.»  reeeive  nte.  As  it  was,  ht»wever,  1  tell  little  extite- 
inent  trf>in  a  elear  Mne  sky  antl  a  wlioie  tirmameiit  oi 
ulitlerin^  stars,  and  wt>uld  gladly  have  e\i;han|;ed 
'•  heaven's  thnn-atul  eyes"  t<»r  tnie  glimpse  td"  u  camile 
thrtm^h  my  tiwn  ta^elnent. 

f  soon  kiM'w  that  i  hatl  walked  far  intire  than  wtndd 
have  heen  sntlitient,  it  1  was  in  the  rij^ht  directitui ; 
and    the   hope   ot    n'athin/i:    liome   that    ni^ht   became 


th 


he 


IS  it'  iiol 

V  would 
>  nturii, 
iniiiules. 
K  li,  she 
Oliver  ill 
now  l>t'- 
oiir  way 
taUf  ill*' 
n'U't  ri'- 
vay,  and 

iiii  rras- 
iiu'  that 
and  rit- 

llUtiuT 

(itiori,  it 
soin(>  old 
o  marry 
any  <loii 
i!y  dt'trr- 
ou<^lit  to 
tnd  |)au>- 
lli  a  ii'e.l- 
dvanc/m^ 

dn,'\v  on 
adniirc'ii, 

iny  (»NN  It 
iM>n{.;li  at 
y  Moon," 
!>1»'  room, 
itlitT  bed 
1»»  i'X<  ite- 
lanuMit  ui' 
xclianjjod 

u  candlo 

an  woidd 
direction  ; 
t   becami* 


31 

fuintor  and  fuintor.  At  l«'np;tli,  wIhmi  I  \va«i  on  \\w. 
point  of  sitting  down  ou  a  fallen  tr«>(>,  and  r("si<^nin^' 
myself  to  my  fate  witli  all  <]n(>  iddlosopliy,  the  sont^d 
of  runnin|r  water  «an^lit  my  ear  ;  and  a-*  I  knew  ot 
no  (-(Mitiirnons  stream,  hut  one  which  at  that  lime  |>a>-s<Ml 
tlosi'  under  my  shanty,  I  started  up  with  rekindle.! 
hope,  and  endeavoured  to  make  my  way  tlu(»u^h  a 
thick  swamp,  into  which  i  now  fonn<l  I  had  entered, 
that  I  mi4(ht,  if  possible,  follow  th(>  roiu-s(>  of  the 
water,   and  thus  reach  the  wi««hed-for  haven. 

Most  of  what  are  called  swamps  in  this  jiart  (d  ("a- 
jjada  are  low  tracts  of  the  forest,  which  are,  in  j;;eiieral, 
perfectly  dry  land  in  sununer,  hut  in  the  sprin;^  and 
autumn  c(nitain  more  or  less  water.  Cedars  and  hem- 
locks, h(»th  evergreens,  and  with  a  close*  and  heiivy 
mass  of  loliajj^e,  are  their  prevailing  trees  ;  and  in  such 
situations  these,  yuun^  and  ohi,  usually  f^row  so  close 
fo'^etlu-r,  that,  even  with  all  the  advantaire  of  dayli^'-ht, 
it  is  <d"len  no  easy  matter  to  pem-trate  them.  The  dif- 
ficulty too  is  iui-reasi'd  hy  tin'  numerous  falh'u  trees, 
which  oppose  a  harrier  to  you  in  every  <lire<iion,  and 
are  foinni  in  tar  greater  numhers  in  the  swamps  than  in 
the  upland  parts  of  the  forest. 

After  much  ui'  scranthlin^  and  exertion,  I  reiwdied 
the  stream;  hut  there  was  no  possihility  of  followiuif 
its  course  for  any  distanie,  chiefly  in  c(uise<piei!ce  of 
•  lie  many  plashes  of  water,  am(»nij  wITm  h  it  wa^  c«»uti- 
•lually  lo.-.t.  In  the  attempt  to  ^et  ovt-r  a  derayitiir 
tree.  Tuv  foot  slipped,  and  1  came  souse  up  to  the  mid- 
dle in  watc  .  j  now  determined  to  r<Hitinu(>  moving; 
as  iouif  as  1  cindd,  as  I  dreaded  the  consi-tpicnccs  <d 
^ittinjf  down  in  w<'t  <  hithes  ;  hur  after  having  repeat- 
edly chanifed  ujy  «lirection.  and  liii<liiit;"  myself  still  as 
much  in  th(>  swamp  as  ever,  I  to<dx  post  on  a  hu^''e 
cedar,  whit  li  lay  at  full  lenfjth  across  n»y  line  <d'  nnirch. 
witlnmt  a  single  weap(ui  to  defend  myself  with,  should 
a  hinifi^ry  hear,  or  a  pa«;k  of  savage  wolves,  make  their 
aj)pearanirv, 

i  <lo  not  wisli  to  live  lout;  entuiuh  to  for;j;'et  thit 
ni^ht.  My  hodily  uui-asinesses  were  had  enough,  for 
it  froze  rather  liard,  ami  1  founil  it  necessary  to  keep 
my  hamis  and  feet  in  constant  motion,  to  |U'«'vent  their 
h(>comin{j'  (hilled;    hut  what  1  suffered  in  my  runiirn- 


32 

liont  wju  lar  %torM'.  I  km^w  lliore  w«r«  Lnth  bfar» 
aiid  wolvfH  ill  tli«>  (oiiiitry,  hiuI  that  I  wiu  tht'ii  in  wlmt 
ifii^iit  In*  I  all»'»l  tlit'ir  vrry  vnn\\t ;  hii«1  I  <li<l  not  kiioH, 
nliat  I  t'oiiixl  HtttrwiiiiU  to  hv  Imt,  lliat  my  «lanft«'r,  ttu 
fur  at  llu»y  w»>ro  ionr(>iii('«i,  wh-*  im'xI  to  ii»hh»;  nn  I 
l»eli<*V(>  llun»  \*  not  oiu>  aiilli<'ii(i<al<*(l  iiitttHm't*  wlitTf  a 
Kiii^iv  iiidiviiliitil  liHii  l>e«»n  iiijureil  by  tlit*ni,  ait  hough 
nut  u  <»4'HMtii  puh^'n,  that  H«ni4»  perMoitu  <l«  iiul  h»«onie 
lohl  ill  tht*  wimhU.  |ii(Ic(m|,  iiistaiM-i**  of  lliia  kin«i  arc 
not  Willi* iii^,  wInTC!  ovrii  ihihlriMi  liatl  Iummi  out  lor 
iiioro  th:iu  a  \v«M»k,  ami  y»*t  \vt*rt«  aftvrwMr<l»  rfstoivd 
iiitiiiinivil  to  th«>ir  (iettptiiriii^  |>ai'riitN. 

Well,  I  iImI  not  know  this  aiMl  pcrhap*  it  wua  ht'tt4*r 
I  (lid  not.  i  lOll^i(h•^><l  iiiy<«<>lf  in  niUMt  vxtri'int*  |M>ril. 
I  pi('tiiri'«l  uh.it  woiiM  hi>«oiii«>  of  niy  wifi*  an«l  little 
om>!i,  li  I  slioiiM  iii>%«*r  rt  turn  to  thi'm.  I  thought  ul 
oth«>i>.  who  uouhl  laio«>iit  no*  a«  «l4*4|>Iy — my  inolh<*r, 
uinl  my  i>rotht'rM  aM<I  ht«t4'r» — ami  I  looki'ii  ii|»  to  tlu' 
«>ky.  <'h  !  I  th«-ii  ti'lt  that  it  i»  goo4l  to  know  th4>r«>  in 
M  tftnl !  1  uitt'riil  up  u  |ii-ayi*r  tu  Him  fur  uiy  mifety; 
and  it'  lU)  t'aiih  aitil  4'<irili<l4'n<'0  in  lii«  niorcy  will  ho  m 
Htruug  at  tho  aufnl  lioui'  of  ilftAth,  M  ftt  that  niomunt, 
I  think  I  hhnli  die  huj»;>y. 

I)y  attt-ndiii^'  to  tho  motion  of  thi>  »tani.  I  tnado  out 
prt'tty  4xn<(iv  thf  4Miniinal  |N»tnts ;  and  thon  kept  my 
eyt'*  tixciK  uith  the  nioht  interna*  and  auxioun  imp»> 
liiMicis  on  thi!  <|niii-t*tr  of  tiio  nky  where  I  ex{M'tti>«l  tu 
life  th<>  tir^t  lamt  tin^'i*  of  itayli^ht.  When  I  <'ouid 
cicariy  (iifttinuoi'h  Mirr4»umling  obyuitit,  it  •eotntHl  like 
a  iniraiU*  how  I  ha«l  U>en  nhle,  with  whole  honcti,  tu 
inaku  my  way  in  ilu*  dark  to  the  iipot  I  orenpitHl.  It 
wan  u  v«iry  iitH>p  hollow,  crowded  with  falii*n  tre«*a, 
whi«:h  were  pih'il  oii(>  ovim'  the  other,  and  iinrr(»nnd«4 
uiih  a  4lt>nM>.  ami  a»  if  ini|N*netnibl«},  iiuum  of  ^tandiM 
heniloi'ks  suid  <-i><lMi ii.  With  all  the  advantuf^e*  of  i  *  ~^ 
daylif(lit,  it  i>ro%'i>(|  uo  ea«y  matter  tu  |(et  out  of  it: 
fimt  ranio  ihi"  « 
My  opinion,  niol  it  foitnnately  turned  out  avurrect 


■  un«>!<iton, 

Mtl  it  foiti 
wait,  that  1  Wiio  at  the  \v4n1t  Mide  of  the  ctMicenoion  liiM* 
which  riiiis  nearly  north  and  south:  to  that,  if  I  louM 
(Hilv  ket>p  a  <iue  eH»t  cour!*e,  I  ma«t  e«ime  tm  it  •uouer 
or  later,  'liii*  1  u4xor4iiuf(ly  eudeavoured  to  do,  and 
leM  than  twenty  miuutea  bruuglit  om  oa  tli«  wkwnc 


nil  bi>ai> 

I  ir>  wliHt 
lit  knuH, 
iii^cr.  tiu 

»IM>  ;    MM   I 

ulii'r**  a 

iiltliMijgh 

\  \u*un\« 

kiiui  nrc 

out   tiir 

i-«'»loiv<l 

UN  lM>tU*r 
lilt*  |M'ril. 
aimI  little 

KMIgtit  Ut 

iiiolh«*r, 

lt|»   to   till' 

tlu»r«»  in 
y  »aft'ty; 

Alll  ho  M 

iiiomuiif, 

riiado  out 

kept  my 

iu«  iin|Ni- 

[H*tti'<l  to 

II  I  I'ould 
'intnl  like 
boni'tt,  tu 
\nei\»  It 
1*11  tr««^, 
rniii  tided 

ktaiuli^ip 
f«ot«i«lt 
)tit:  Mil 

totalMf 
rrt'ct  uMh 
ii*iuii  liiMt 
I'  I  loukl 

it  MMMMW 

»  do.  Mid 
wwkunm 


Um,— wIms  I  katw  al 


gi^— ^^^  ^—^  ^^^^^  ■Mkft  wiildB 


thiKllMd 

ludf  •  niit  «f  mj  tkamtf, 

VflArlAH  Jiu 

Havirg  p«i  ap  •  tkaaty  fer  y0«»  cr 


Oft 


TiM  Mst  paial  k,  to  •••  iImiI  llwy  Imv« 
g«l  good  u«  ta  ftod  oidor.  TIm  aodor  brutli,  kf 
wkkA  k  gmwnilf  ■mwt  all  yomf  iiom  tint  do  Mt 
tasMd  Cmht  iadbat  bi  tfiamir,  is  int  to  W  Mt  do«m 
•ad  aa  daw  aa  saailla  la  iha  gvaoad.  la  iMs  aaaw 
tiaa.  a MII4aaClbr*a iMil tfoat.  wiU ba feMd as. 


into  iMafM  at 
orar  tiM  atkar,  wNk^ft 
Moara  tMr  Ijriaf 
laifa 


•■  llMy  ara  aa^  ato  i 

RM  Off  OS0HHNM9  MMBOMNiS  v0 

Ijriaf  alaaalMHlMr.    Ha  ataaai  af  Ika 

ap  pflgaiioaaiiy,  wUaMlriWtafaryaMeliloaAiltMa. 
If  yoar  hmtk  llaapa  w  aat  Jaiiriawly  pUad,  WtJiMl 
throim  looealy  lajaifcar,  faa  caaaol  Uaa  wfcal  la  saWad 
**  m  ptoA  y^rm,"  AaartafaadiaalywillkaaaaiWMd* 
partioHlarlj  if  tka  Mbar  la  fraili  aalt  aid  mMh  liaa 
and  traable  will  ba  laal  ia  baraiaf  tlM  MMtedar  i  b«l 
th«  irraatiMt  avil  vIMi  will  attend  ll  ki  Iba  taribia  «f 


dt  axoaat  wbafo  tba  braib  ar  laf  baaaa  ilaad, 
ba  wall banad i  aad ya« aaqr 4mmmwfm li» 


your  laadt  ox 

wiU 

that,  if  tba 

MMO  pfotty  awl 


Vy  HiV  Hl^    wWUm  VW^W  OTv 

IbrMit.     Oa  tba  aiMT  baad,  if  ymrl 


well  BMda^  aad  tbat  yaa  taba  advaatmt  a#  •  faad 
braeae  to  aaC  tbaa  aa  ii%  tbay  will  iapii  tmi  mMt 
awayat  MMb  a  Mia,  Ibal  dl  aW  ba  1%^  vMMI  i»^ 
tbartrooblab 
Wbaa  tbair  hirf  aktdm,  yw  wtt  lid  ibil  Iba  ii» 


wapt  Kba  a  lava 
it  aaifanaly  al  a  " 


m$ 


I 


Si 

MedlinfM — Ikifi  i«  ••  n  ffooA  bum."  Tlu*  fimf^n***  of 
tUtmr  kurninff*,  and  ihrir  appparaiKH*,  |iarti<uLii|y  m 
niglit,  are  «oni«tiiiMP«  very  int«m>liiiff.  Ittlu^  ufHther 
hati  hven  dry  and  warm  tVir  koiiii*  time  |ircvioii«,  the 
fire,  when  HmiittMl  i»y  a  little  wind,  will  run  lor  Miine 
iniln  into  the  tumiunding  fore«t ;  and  ninny  Mtaitdinfr 
traos  which  had  t»minie  more  nr  leM  de«ay«Ml,  will  he 
wrap|N«4l  in  a  i>he«'t  vf  fiaoii*  to  tli<>ir  very  wniiimit. 
T1trunf(h  the  utiil  boiim  of  nif^ht*  the»M  will  !>(>  Ii«artl 
thiindrrinir  nt  tntervaU,  acrordin|[;  ai  they  hii onie  »uf- 
ficwntly  ninwnineil  at  the  bife  to  I'unu*  down  ;  and  it 
will  l'r*>i]uently  be  nwny  day*  before  the  h*t  of  tbeni 
ban  fidlen. 

One  who  baa  not  biniaelf  witiie«ted  tbe  fact  will  iM»t 
etsilv  conceive  tbe  attoaiabin|r  differtnce  which  ii  ffe- 
nerally  ii««*n  in  tbe  Mime  deeeripCion  of  eroii,  growini^ 
on  the  very  name  land,  aad  ciiiM  eolely  by.ibe  irre- 
gular manner  in  wbivb  tbe  avrfaee  of  ibo  jp-ound  waa 
•fferted  by  the  0re.  In  ooo  e|Ml  yoa  willMo  billi  of 
Indian  eom  of  tbe  moet  ionriebinf  tmd  Inxnriiinl  ap- 
peoranco,  and  cloee  on  every  M<io  will  be  otb<>r  billt, 
•ttuited  \n  tboir  growtb,  nnd  of  •  fUkHf  yeilew  bne. 


fjlttle  oxamiMition  will  bo  raqnitodl  to  convinoo  you 
of  tbe  ennae,  portieohurly  wbon  yoa  bove  obtorred 
aoreml  timibMr  litnncet.  Yon  will  bmuiably  poioeivo 
tbnt  tbe  bfoNhy  eoni  ia  on  n  apot  wbieb  wno  well 
nwMOO,  wMlo  Mw  piaeoi  vvoro  tBo  oCnorv  grow  wore 
nnnlnwd  by*lilo  flro.  Hmo  i  wonM  raoMurk,  tbnt  n 
vort  mmII  ^MUljr  af  tbo  witi  mbw  is  better  lor 


any  littBriptien  of  «op  o»  mw  tend,  tbnn  n 


it 


tWlMMIOMO 

if  lk«Mltt 


rnllf  ooMMorod  no  lllo  bort  pkn  to 
■liiiioHlni  t  bat,  if  Itft  on  tbo  tend, 

aiflft  iMiM^  la  ^^MlM^i^Mr  ia  aa^die 


^'s^fcwHW^ 


'-m^i^m 


•^-'^Airmj 


^rt*n»  of 
ilaily  Nt 
%vi*i4tker 
oiiM,  the 
f«»r  MiiiH* 
Ntiuiiliiifr 
,  will  hit 
Hiitnmit. 
Kt>  liMrd 
iinin  kiif- 
I :  mid  it 
of  them 

will  IMit 

di  it  n' 
fCrowiiifc 
iIm  im- 
ynd  WM 
•  bills  of 
riant  ap- 
hcr  bilft, 
r  bM. 
iam  you 
abtarrwl 
paiati?o 
woll 


k  thata 

MImr  for 
I,  tbaa  a 

fkm  la 
MVMlii 


•5> 

iato  bcapd  for  barninir.  aad  yo«  will 
HKNt  tree*  mn  b«  thniwn  in  alaMMt  aav  4trm 
pltttMi'.  Ai'ti*r  lb«  br»iirb<ii  ani  cal  oOt  aad  coi 
«ni  tli«  bruith>li«ia|Mt  tho  trunb  i«  to  ba  parlad  ilia 
longtii*, — getwnWy  frvui  twdva  to  ifUaa  fint"  wbhil 
it  «luntf  H-itk  tho  nxo,  by  ttaaUiag  on  tiMi  trea^  tmi 
niabing  a  dvop  cut  wii  pa«:b  Bi«lo.  flavlaf  tbaa  fal 
<lowH  the  timlN'r  »f  a»  muck  laiiil  at  yoa  pi'a|ia»tJ  claair> 
%n(g,  yuii  tfi  6rts  i?)  your  brasb-baapa ;  aM,  aftar  tbaaa 
ara  ruiii>uiu«Hl,  tbo  n«xt  atep  it  to  aoUaet  Iba  Jarga  laga 
into  h4M|»«,  fur  wkit^h  purpow  a  pair  af  mum  ara  gaaa* 
tally  eiNpluyetl.  Ouv  vnd  of  a  ttraaff  iraa  abaia  bi 
attadi4Ml  to  tbtf  yoke,  aad,  tha  atbar  feaiaff  Iw 
rwutd  a  lug  (ia  tlia  taaia  way  as  iba  abMa  b 
•ackf  of  corn  ara  being  baiitad  ap  iaia  a 
upptsr  ioft»>,  tko  ballocka  pall  away  aalil  il  ia 
to  ibij  pn»p«!r  pkica. 

Fvw  n«w  tattlart  tbiak  of  bayiaa  aiaa  for  ik9  §t0 
yaar  or  twu{  and  ift  aaiy  bappia  tbal aa  pilaam  ifoi^ 
ciaatly  eaaraniaat  la  yaa  la  bka  4baM  km  §kmf> 
Tbiaa  or  foar  aMa,  bairayar,  will  4a  lirii.|iit  if  | 
work  aaarly  at  aaiabi  and  aartfoahlfo  99^ 

ba  aa  tbaakUaf  a  A^liAKla fornix 

bamt  ta...adbi>i«.i«jiilip  iiiiijwHiir.j«i#' 


n  I 
itwUfba 

Tba  kf^haapa  aaa  giillala 
praaaad  to  foaaa  la  ItprMi* 
aaaatry  vaa  w^U  bait  abMfvai; 
aaariy  tba  aatlia  «l  ifoMM  fi 
at  tbaai»  or  tat aai 

la 
llM 


aat^i^Ai 


b 


'X£.. 


S 


80 

|>l««ty  uf  ftt<Mto»  oil  tho  turtkitf  of  your  l«iriu,  it  wovki 
MN*in  N  fr«<Hl  pittii  t4i  rallt^:t  tli«ui  l»y  degrom  round  Um 
bwundfi  ul'  tilt*  i-l«Miruric«) ;  and,  at  toniv  futare  pnriud, 
yuu  iiiiyht  |i«rhap«  «*Mdutt4>  it  with  an  lri«h  atone  wall, 
which  will  bid  a«fiauvo  alike  to  your  own  fires  nad 
thoMi  of  yoor  iitrighboura. 

CHAPTER  XI. 

Id  oar  ImI  chytor  I  Uii  yom  Um  roaal«r  of  a  plow 
uf  doared  lacMl.  Yo«  will  point  it  out  boreaftor  to  your 
chaldron,  ai  tho  Artt  oehiovoiMat  of  yoor  oxottiom— > 
at  having  baan  tho  int  cirelo  of  tho  gtoBO  whi«h  hopo 
nod  ontorpriae  l«d  yoo  to  caat  into  this  omob  of  tfoot. 

It  will  now  dopond  opon  tho  MOtoo  of  tho  yoor  whot 
dnwriptioo  of  cropa  700  am  to  wopott  fw. 
will  aoiootintii  mn  ini  i«io  lo 


BIOpMO  MV« 

if  uliind  thi 
of  Joljrt  Mid  ovon  down  to  tho  MMAtof  It.  \ 
try  o  hmi  if  not  killod  by  •■  tvly  Aoit,  U  , 
laiit  topi^y  yoo  with  jplooty  of  Mtd  fw  tho  ^mmimg 
MrlH*  rraio  tho  Middloof  JolylolhoiffBtwoolib 
Amwt  it  osMldtiod  tho  vary  hMl  tlao  Ibr  towioc  Iww 
idpti  Md  M  thaao  grow  to  graotj 


hollt  to  two  laggid  «id 

Ofoo  though  Iho 


00  %0W  MlMHPfl 

of  iiHiiBw 

Tho 

MtotMMlpfWjrtWil 

iVMan  wooM.  wi^  ^  nnw  la  oi  •■o 

Thmiili 

«ifl#  to  iiiMp»  ^mm  tmnii 


«sc«,%  -■'.^yt  *«. 


'»«W|>'-    «3«|BS*> 


wottM 
iihIUm 
period, 
M  wall, 

rMMMl 


•  picM 
to  your 
rtiowt  ■ 
iklwpo 


rwUlM 


rirLrf. 


Nb 


it 

ilii4Mi^li  r«M>tM  Mfitl  vtitneM,  until  you  dhifr  to^reClMr  • 
^utti'if  III  t|iiaiitity  i»t'  tiirtli  to  form  »  •■uUl  luU;  tiMii 
i»ruri>iNl  to  iiiM)ih«*r  spot,  and  rr|MnU  lb«  mmmo  OfOTilMMt 
riit*  |irMvailiiiK  prnrlii-o  i%  to  make  thoM  lulU  llMlilUi 
oix««  Mt  onc4>:  hill  |ii-uktlily  old  MNinlrv  noUon*  will  loo4 
you  to  iliiiik  with  mo,  thnt  it  niigfct  M  boMor  to  Moko 
iJK'm  only  halt  I  In*  %ue  at  iin»t,«ud  add  f rtoli  oortli  alW 
iho  »L*tK  hnd  «-oum;  ii^i. 

You  will  hav«*  luu-dly  any  thing  to  do  witli  Iwdim 
corn  this  year;  a»  it  ahunid  ho  plantod,  •!  tW  latotl,  hj 
i\w  first  w«ivk  in  June,  i  H  any  aood  put  into  MW  Imm» 
this  roquiri**  l«>a»t  tinii>  and  trooblo.  Foar  %muH  MV 
uttlldent  for  an  aero,  and  tho  prodaoo  Miy  bo  tldNfiflll 
ur  forty  buahela. 

The  mndo  of  plaatinif  it  it  to  ttrilM  iM  OMMV  if 
your  ho«  about  two  iocbot  into  tbo  gmmA  4t9p  !• 
frum  thfH)  to  five  fraiiia,  mmi  dowa  dM 
your  foot,  and  ao  imi  at  «(|«al  diilMnaw  tf 
fMrt.     In  BOW  land  notbimr  more  ii 


a  richor  or  MMro  loxiiriaBl 

not  tbriro  wboro  tbo  log  botaa'aiiadi 

•ityoT  tbo  baatioaaM  to  iSimp  im 

•oU,  aiid  raadtn  it.  Ibr  Atlpili 

it  for  ladiui  ooni,  _ 

of  tbo  gro—d  boinf  wall  IvaadL  I' 

tbaifasbdl  bavota 


f»i^^:f4: 


^m-. 


..-.ji..,. 


'i%. 


■'3?.^^«-  fc»#:\-:^: 


1 


3M 

yt'iiri'  utaiiiiinfir:  unnw  appciir  to  have  got  on  well.  In 
the  tuwii«hi|»  of  Doiiro,  whirh  honiHlH  thiit  of  Dum- 
nier  on  th«>  w*-*?,  an-  a  niniih<'r  of  Irinh,  who  ramo  out 
ui  |M'_»5  iiiiilfi-  ihp  «>|M'<  iai  protiilioii  »if  iioverninent, 
tnnn  whirh  thoy  re««Mv«'«l  viry  >frc'at  a!»*i««tarir«»  aiul  ••n- 
roiira^eniont.  riifortiiiiafrly  thi«i  woiiM  »»mmii  Io  ha>«' 
Jmmmi  thrown  away  on  many  '»f  iIumh.  Tln-y  \viy*'  b'na- 
ciou^Iy  preiM'n'tMl  thi*  ohj<>ttionahle  tniiN  of  our  nali- 
onal  iharacter — t»ur  hive  of  idh'neti*.  wh«'n  n»ti'*«.ity 
(1«H*«  not  «'on)[>el  n^  to  hihuur — our  iniprovi)h'ii««'  and 
<iiiirecani  of  the  future — «iur  iiulifterenr*'  t<»  neatne^-i. 
t'leanlin«'M,  an«l  ihiiiM'ttic  <oniforl*i;  an<l  w«ir«t  of  all. 
our  foniineftfl  for  whi<*kev.  Mafiy  of  the  •ihant'o"*,  wliirh 
tlu'v  liav«'  now  h«»en  ronl<  nt  to  »'xi*t  iti  for  «'if;lit  years*, 
are  to  xWm  ilay  without  any  l>«*tter  tirt>>|>lHr*'  than  a  few 
hM»M>  titoneH  |>Ia(-f(|  a^ninxt  the  ha«  k  l(»^<i;  and  th«*  •>niok«'. 
uneonfined  hy  any  kind  of  rhininey,  tindi  a  difficult  es- 
cap<»  through  a  »(|uart'  o|i«tiin(;  in  th««  r<H»f. 

The   oidy  |irai«4'   tht>   hahitation^  I  !>|>eak  of  stem  to 
admit  of,  U,  that  \on  p«>r(-t>ivf  a  painful  r(»rrefipond«>nrr 
Ml  every  thing   within   and    without.      I^ittle  furnilunv 
and   that   of  the  rudest    ron<*trurtion;    few   kitchen   or 
ctNtkinfr  nten^iU   hc<iide  a   pot  and  frying-piin;  !t»d  no- 
thing in  itH  right  place,  except    M<ini<'   •  rockery,   which 
HtAndn  for    show  on  a  shtdf,   h«>cauM«>  too  much    hrok«>n 
to  he  made  u«4>  of.     C^jt<»ide,    you   look   in   v.iin   for  a 
young  orchard,  or  ev«>n  a  vegrtahle  enclosure;  and   it 
you  ask  thcni  why  they  nu  not   get   t'le^*   things,  th«* 
answer  in  ready — "  tln-y  have   no  tinn*" — '*  tln-y  would 
n«tt  he  hothered  losing  their  time  ulKint  Hurh  things." 

I  am,  perhap<«,   not   long  enough   in   the  coinitry  to 
K|>eak  (He>itively  on  the  Huhjeet,  hut  it   does   appear  to 
ine,  that  the  rutttom  of  h:iving  "  hee«,'    which  Nr«>ins  to 
prevail  v<>ry  much  in  thitt  quarter  of  Canada,  i<i  a  Nourn* 
of  great  injury  to  nund»erH  of  my  countrymen.     If  oni- 
«tf  tlu'U)  li  iH  a  few  acres  of  hush  lan<l  to  he  chopped,  oi 
.    some  felled  tindier  tu  he  made  into  log  heaps,  or  in  fact 
haH  any  other  pretty  weighty  juh  uf  work  on  hand«i,  he 
give«i  notice  to  those  living  near  him   that  he  will  have 
a  b4>e  on  !>uch  a  day.     He  then  priH-ureo   a  Hupply  of 
bread  and   pork,  and  aw  much  whiskey  a<  will  aUow  a 
quart  or  two  to  each  man,  and  thi^  in  cjilleil  *'  having 
a  bwi." 


39 

Tliu  Rtiviicatfii  for  tui-h  n  MynUitn  offer  many  roasona 
tu  |trov«;  it  iH>(;«*»Miry  in  •  nuw  cuuiitry.  I  will  not  »top 
to  dih|»ut«  tli«)  point  with  thvin — though  I  coiikidor  th«iir 
Mffruinonto,  HM  t'lkr  an  1  untlf  rstand  thcni,  un«ound — but 
1  will  iiaiy,  that  it'  it  hna,  ar  !  am  sure  it  hax,  a  direct 
ti'udi  nry  tu  fnt-uuraf^t*  Inith  idlenesit  and  drunkcnnesK 
among  un,  the  sooner  our  bees  were  smothered  the 
U'tter. 

Upper  Tanuda  presents,  however,  many  n  happier 
pit^turi'  than  what  we  have  b«>en  looking  at;  an«f  it  ir^ 
with  mii«  li  pii'Hsure  I  cull  your  attention  to  the  town- 
!«hip  ot'  Duninier,  us  hhowing  in  a  striking  manner,  what 
tan  he  a4-ittniplishe<l  hy  ptTitevering  induritry.  lu  the 
spring  of  \Kiil  it  did  not  contain  one  !«olitniy  shanty, 
and  l.iHt  year,  \t<i2,  it  was  thirkly  m-uUmI.  A  rot>\d 
whit  h  htrikes  «>ut  of  Douro  and  rnn»  up  U'tween  tUc 
fiixt  and  »et-ond  concession*!  of  liummiT,  nearly  to 
<  li'ar  Lake,  passes  through  the  tli'urant  e^  of  a  number 
of  Kngliiihnien.  These,  with  ont*  or  two  exreptionx, 
had,  luf»t  year,  a  supply  of  wheat,  po;aUN'!«,  Indian  lorn, 
and  turnips,  raised  by  them<selvt'!t,  which,  in  mo^t  eaaesi, 
will  he  surtit-ient  fur  the  support  of  their  families  till 
the  LTop  of  this  vear  tome^  rtinnd;  beside labbuges  and 
«)ther  garden  vegt'tMbles. 

St'vt'ral,  indeed  most,  have  already  pr<>«-nred  cows, 
and  many  matle,  la««t  spring,  a  large  quantity  of  excel- 
lent mapje  sugar;  one  man  had  nearly  2(H>lbs.  to  dit- 
pose  of,  Utr  whit  h  he  got  (id.  per  lb. 

Th«>re  is  one  of  tlieni  1  must  particularly  mention, 
.1^  ho  pos«ief»>t4>ii  a  kind  of  heredit^iry  claim  to  be  so  dis- 
tinguished, Im  ing  no  le*>s  than  a  grandson  of  the  cele- 
brated "  Shepherd  of  Salisbury  plain."  This  little  man 
— he  uuNuuies  M^arcely  more  than  four  f(>et— buried  a 
wife  on  the  passage  from  Kngland;  but  having  lost  n«» 
time  in  procuring  auother  helpmate,  he  «iet  to  work 
chop|nng  and  burning  away  until  he  made  a  clearmoce 
of  more  than  two  atires.  lie  rea|M'd,  hist  year,  tht; 
finest  crop  of  wheat  in  the  township,  and  aold  a  large 
quantity  t»f  early  potatoes  and  turnips.. 

During  a  great  part  of  the  time,  when  he  wm  em- 
ployed in  the  laborious  work  of  clearing  his  land,  his 
supf'v  of  pro  visions  waa  to  acwity,  that  he  used  fre- 
quently to  be  ooDpelled,  from  complete  e]di»uitioii»  to 


f  SI 

I 

i  I 


ly 


*  •  I 


40 

dMitt  for  M  hour  or  two;  «tiU  when  tlio  weakm^M  w»f 
over,  Jemmy  Saundeni  wa*  out  afraiti ;  and  if  yoii 
paiwd  by,  you  wvre  accontcd  by  ns  liglit-bi'artod  and 
aangvimi  a  wttler  aa  ever  rUopptnl  a  trvu  in  Cpp^r 


Before  wc  take  leave  of  Dummvr,  f  would  b«*|^  loavt* 

to  •ofryi^eM,  that  a  trifle  of  the  money,  nppr4»|>riuU>(l  an- 

nuully   bv  Government  for  ruad«,    tiuiMlti,  &c.^    couid 

M*arceiy  be  diviioxHl  of  lM'tti>r  tlmii  in  iinpniving  tf»«' 

road  of  wliieb  I  ha%'«>  jii<.t  been  t-peuking,  and  ruiitinu- 

iiig  it  to  Clear,  or  Sulnion-tront  f^ake.    Prom  the  rocky 

nature  of  the  line  tlirviigli  wliicli  it  run*,  and  the  nu- 

mcroo«  •wam|M  that  route  ^ii  tin*   way,  it  niii»t,  for 

many  year*,  remain  u  had  ruaJ,  if  left  entiiciy  to  the 

Improvement  of  iiidividiuiU  and  to  statnt4f  labour,  fdj. 

Were  tbe  navigation  of  tbu  Otonaboe  lM*tween   Feter- 

HonNigh  and  the  b«'autiful  and  extenhivo  rbain  of  lake* 

to  the  north  of  liummer  onre  op'tied — und  1  um  in* 

fonmnl  that  engintiTt    have  nlr«*ndy    rep(»rt(*d    movt 

Aivourably  on  the  prmttuability  uud  vonipumlively  Mnall 

expenae  of  thitf  unpruveuient — the  roiid  of   whieh   I 

wpeak  would  be  invuiuiible  to  tiie  English  iM>ttl<*ro,  a» 

aiifording  them  the  nie;init  of  cf^nvcyiiig  tlK^ir  priNhKv 

to  market  by  water.     It  hoiiM  iven  at  the  present  do 

iImmu  infinite  mtvicu;  ftir  those  luki*  altouml  mi  in  fiiu* 

fi«h,  partiuulariy  in  AIai>kanongr  and  »aluiun-t rout,  that 

by  a  very  himII  aarrifice  of  time,  lh«*y  would  proi-un' 

for  their  familie*  a  hin(^  supply  of  ext-t'Uent  tooil. 


CHAPTEK   XI 11. 

l^pnwrcd  to  fnlfll  my  pronii«e  of  talking  a  little  mor** 
ab««t  Peterborough,  aa  you  may  rt:meuilier  f  invitetl 
yo«  to  MttJe  in  ila  neighbourhiMMl. 

Ho  hitoly  M  eight  or  niuo  year*  ago,  I  am  fold  tliere 
van  but  (ino  houM  in  it :  there  are  now.  |N>rhap»,  two 
hundred,  and  every  week  Mtnmi  to  be  iuhling  to  the 
number.  A  fianam,  m  few  yearn  ngti,  purt-haMMl  n 
quantity  of  Mieh  hmd  in  it*  immediate  vicinity,  for 
whieh  ha  paid  mm  ilollar  an  acre:  Im*  i*  at  pre*ent  Mdl> 
inr  thai  tmmm  kwd,  in  building  Iota  of  haif  an  aere,  for 


l/doUan! 

Umi  oTcht  «mm  iamn^Un,  tlmt  it  toUUy  uncleared. 


wax 
you 


41 

wui  wMihi  a  mile  •r  two  V  iW  taiwm,  km  Uta  kUtkf 
•old  \m  qvMtitiof  of  iwo  or  tMrto  lioodiod  mtms  oltki 
wiofOMt  plw  of  iftoio  MImo  ••  Mfot  md  Ltoow- 
Colowcl  Browne,  wlio  km  blolv  pot  op  ao  ostromolT 
protty  fnuno  eoCtngo^  dtliofclfolly  tit— tad  on  tiw  briok 
of  tlio  CHinofcw.  poM  tho  fermor  profritor  of  iIm  lood 
it  occopioo,  auo  dollars  lor  lea  aerof.  TM«  prfoi^  at  tW 
time,  was  eoDntdered  very  higk,  bot  baa  bcoo  Air  oa* 
ooeded  by  bier  porebataa.  la  oao  JaataaBt  a  por- 
ebase  of  Ibor  a^aa  £100  waa  ghoo  hr  oao 
froatiiifr  tbo  rirer  Otoaabaa^  tmd 
roRMiindorf  Laifo  qaaatiliaa  of  I 
oat  any  poealiar  local  advaatagaa,  bavo  baaa  raadily 
•old  fur  two  dollara  mr  aer%  eigbtaaa  arilaa  liroai  ^^ 
terboroogb.  Indeed  it  woaM  W 
di^Unoe,  to  boy  fftMtd  km4  oa  ebf 

Wilbio  a  lew  miles  of  Feterboraagk  are  aaaiy  of 
tbe  most  rr^pectaMo  ebMs  of  isttkri;  aad  in  the  towa 
ilMlf  may  be  found  very  faateel  aad  if^raeaUa  ao- 
<;ioty. 

I>urin|r  tbe  last  wiater  aa  aaiataat  tempaay  paiw 
fwnned  plays  occasionally ;  aa  oxampio  of  dviliaatioa 
wiiidi  was  toon  imitated  by  tbe  ymmg  folk  of  Cabaarp^. 
Pei^rboroagb  baa  seroral  resident  aMJieal  mea,  a  tana- 
H^  concern,  mills  di«tillery»  peat  aOiuet  hci  aad  tbem 
it(  every  prospeL*t  of  its  sooa  iairiag  eOMeat  aad  Ooa* 
rishing  •cbools,  mala  aad  female,  aader  tbe  aaamao- 
meul  of  tbe  Ker.  Mr.  Taykw,  A.  Hh  late  of  Triaity 
College,  Dablin,  and  Mrs.  T. 

Stores  are  already  anmrroaa,  aad  tbanyb  tboir  (raae- 
ral  prices  amy  still  boeonsiderad  t<io  bigb,  theea  ii  If  ttle 
deabt  but  tbat  rapidly-iarreasing  rompetitiaB  will  briny 
tbem  down  by  and  by. 

Our  sbop^  bore  are  called  •tare*,  aad" tbo  laaaaa 
seems  to  bo  tbia— A  great  part  of  tbeir  baslaaie  sasma 
to  be  doao  ia  tbo  wae  of  barter.  Tbey  racelfa  feaia 
tbo  aetller  wbeat,  poili,  or  any  roaatry  ptoilaaa,  aad 
•apply  bim  la  aaebaaga  witb  groeeriea,  elotbs»  bard* 
warai  Ac;  ao  tbat  tbo  araprietor  la  at  oaea  a  aMrabaat 
aad  reuiler.  Ho  will  bay  a  baadred  baabola  of  wbaat 
from  you,  aad  s^il  yoa  a  penny wortb  of  aggB» 

As  I  bare  alraady  amatioaed,  tbo  rirar  Otaaabao 


V2 

riiii!*  out  of  the  laken  to  tlie  north  of  Duminer  miil 
Siiiiili  luwn;  and  luiving  foriiitHl  th«  boundary  lM>t«rt«n 
the  l<iHiiiilii|i»  ul'  Doiiru  Mid  hniith,  it  f!ow«  on  through 
l'el«*H»orou^li,  mid  ttrt4*r  «  further  uourMt  of  iiliout  twonty 
iniien,  eutvi'a  llice  Luke,  which  it  di»Uiiit  about  turelve 
inilMfmin  tho  ttm-niiof  ColMuir^  mid  Fort-Jlo|H),  each 
of  them  deliyhtf'iilly  nitimttMl  on  the  northern  shore  of 
l^ke  Ontario. 

I^aiit  M'Mitoii  a  kiiMil  »leaiii>U>at,  of  niruJiMr.  Il4>thune, 
of  (Jobourg,  in  proprietor,  roninieiiced  ruiiniiif^  on  Hiie 
Lake  and  up  the  (Itoiiiiht'e.  It  nceiii!*  to  have  been  in- 
teiiilwl  that  tho  nhould  land  her  ko«m1i>  and  |NMiM;ii|feiH 
at  Fatorboruiigh;  but  o^viiig  to  an  tdthtruction  of  one 
kind  or  anoiher,  ftke  ha*  not  i^uirceuded  in  coming  quite 
up  t4i  Um  town.  1  undemtaiKl  no  doubt  iv  entertained 
of  the  obatruciion  iMing  mob  rainorcd,  and  it  it  alM» 
txMitideutly  axpocted  that  thero  will  b«  very  thortly 
either  a  rail  road  or  caiuU  bctwaeu  Itic«  Lak«  and  Port 
Ho|>«  or  Coboiirf . 

In  fact  Ml  much  hu«  already  iH'en  done  in  facilitating 
the  iutercounm  between  I'cteriNirough  and  the  front, 
that  her  inbabitaiila  may  anticipate  an  early  |>eriu<b  when 
i*he  will  po»M»«  all  the  advantaget  of  a  frontier  town ; 
and  t4te  towiit  and  villtiget  apriiiging  up  far  behind  her. 
From  her  tittiation,  the  it  at  if  turrounded  by  a  vatt 
nunil>«r  of  townthipt,  which  are,  or  promite  to  be, 
auioiig  the  moat  fluurithing  and  bent  nettled  of  any  in 
the  Upper  Frovinoe;  and  when  the  Otonabee  it  ren* 
dercd  navigable  froiu  the  laket  to  Fetei  borough— an 
iuiprovement  which  mutt  take  place — there  will  be  a 
direct  water  ooinmunicatioo  (interrupted  only  by  the 
dittanoe  betw—  Race  Lake  and  Cobeurg)  open  to  1^ 


fMirta  of  Bogbnid  and  Ireland,  from  a  ratt  tract,  ioolod- 
ing  iCNue  of  the  ftaeet  land  is  Upper  Canada.     1 


uottdiide  tbia  brief  tketch,  by  obterviug,  that  aa  my 
owa  land  and  hooMtalead  are  nearly  twenty  miUa  horn 
Feterbofiugb,  ibei*  caa  be  littbof  aelf-interaat  to  iu- 
duee  me  to  preaayos  to  tettlo  in  bar  neighbovrkoodt  I 
aludl  therefore  bo  aatiafied  to  atop  abruptly,  when  other- 
wi4o  it  Might  bo  »y  banoeaa  to  add  a  few  butiaeaflike 
pufft. 


43 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

It  ornirt  to  mo,  that  it  may  <]<»  •«)rvic«  to  u  few,  it', 
before  I  drop  my  pen,  I  offer  a  few  lm«ty  iiimI  general 
observation)*  on  the  ■ubjeci  of  emigration  to  ('Nnada. 
Certuiniy  I  liuve  coniu  over  tiH>  re«'ently  niyM*lf,  to 
•peak  with  much  confitlencu  im  Ut  who  i»,  or  iit  not 
united  for  tuch  a  »«riout  enterprine;  bnt  a«  I  l)eli(>vf 
that  far  the  greater  number  of  thoM  who  leave  thf 
nhoret  of  4>reRt  llritain  and  Ireland,  every  year  for 
thiit  country,  are  im|M.'lled  by  motives  which  ari>  too 
fetrong  to  be  much  affected  ont>  way  or  auother  by  tJiu 
opinion  of  an  unknown  individual,  I  will  urooeed  with 
my  lecture,  and  will  be  content  to  lie  considered  rather 
at  a  prophet  on  the  siibjt'ct  than  a  guide. 

For  the  reader's  sake,  as  well  as  ray  own,  I  sImII 
distribute  the  great  mass  of  emigrants,  or  those  who 
intend  to  becimie  such,  into  three  rlasaen:  and  the  huiii- 
blett,  if  not  the  most  numerous,  shall  take  preoe<lenc('. 
It  comprehends  all  who  poMiesM  little  more  of  thin 
world's  wealth  than  is  MiitlicitMit  to  pay  their  |Muaage 
over,  and  provide  a  little  seH-M«irf.  1  consider  that  m 
auM  of  this  t-iaiis,  who  in  under  forty  years  of  age,  and 
has  been  heretoibra  cousideretl  as  a  good  tradesman  •r 
day-labourer,  will  find  a  far  better  prospect  open  to 
him  in  Canada,  to  tiiu  attainment  of  comfort  and  ind«> 
pendcnce  than  could  possibly  pn^sent  itself  in  the  old 
country,  even  if  lotteries  had  not  been  done  away  with. 
The  price  of  country  labour  varies  a  good  doal;  but  m 
fSar  as  my  knowledge  extendii,  it  has  not  bttn  1«m  at 
any  season  of  tb«  year,  in  this  part  of  the  cfNWtry, 
than  half  a  dollar  and  hi;*  board,  when  a  man  is  birM 
bv  the  day,  or  three  shillings  a  day  and  lei  htm  inJ 
himself. 

I  know  no  reason  for  supposinr  that  the  prmi  de- 
mand for  labonr  will  not  continue  for  nuuiy  jrenwifgir; 
•o  tkat  the  claat  I  am  tfieaking  of  may  eaaily  umm,  ia 
the  course  of  thren  or  four  yeara,  aa  maak  mmnwf  m 
would  bo  MiflciMit  to  pureha*«  flfly  or  A  hMdrnd  aoiM 
at  land,  and  thiu  become  in  a  bop,  atop,  and  jWBpi 
**  Mtatad  gentlemen."  I  do  not  see  tbat  toali  ■  ■•• 
having  a  wifa  nawi  laave  her  aftar  hiat,  indaod  if  1m 


4 


44 

^l»olll.^  |tiir»  lia-r  flu-  t'»ial«'  I  •tnoko  of,  hlu  will  Ih>  hh 
iuH«'»^;ii^  tn  liiiii  no  hi^  axt»;  ntul  *)w  iiiii^it  Im-  jfood  for 
I.IlU',  if  «.lu'  taiiiiiit  inakr  out  lirr  owei  Hiili<.i>itriu;4>, 
»kti«»nl(i  it  JMiftinc  cxni'ilicHt  for  lln'tii  to  hopiirHlr  for  a 
«hort  tinii' ufi«>r  rnnimi^  over,  f^it  if  Ik-  iiii<^  i  liii<lr«*ii 
into  thr  litir^niti — !».»  Inn)  pnukt'.  'I'ln-r*  li;iv»«  l»»'«n.  1 
Jm'Iiuvp,  K'vemI  |HMir  in^n  •«>  riit  uiii«tiitii«-fl.  who, 
tliiuii}{h  !li»»  Mn-n  y  of  |*n»vi«l«'nre,  {.'ot  ovit  I  In-  apimll- 
•  riif  liiffifMiltirM  wliii  h  wiirroiitiiiotl  tlo'in,  w  lu-n  tlu»y  firnt 
Nt4*pp4>d  oil!  i»f  lh«»  |m«i<<ii)re  v«*>**«»l  on  lh»«  wmmhUmi  wliaii 
nl  (^Mm'Imt;  And  whiU«  ihev  »«hw  timt  exfiy  |>ii»M*r-hy 
w««  n  •>ininf*er,  und  tliat  tni*  H-idt*  tx'fnn  yunn  non-  roll- 
ing lM-tw«*4*n  tlH*iii  nnd  **  tht*  ru'i^idHMirN  nt  homo," — 
Uiww  nut  whut  dirrrfioH  to  tdvunre  in,  n<»r  how  nnd 
HhFr<>  to  di«|M»(ii*  of  tlicir  rlamon>ti«  littlo  one«,  and 
find  »oin<'thinf(  fur  thfin  to  mt.  If  tnrh  perton*  will 
«^iinc*  oT«*r,  l«4  th<>m  rtniK^tnlM^r  th^y  rtmi«»  without  tiny 
iftritntHHi  fn»m  in**;  nnd  t(i^  only  Ncrvia'  I  ntn  n>nd«*r 
lh«Mn  IK,  tu  ad  VIM  that  thcf  iiK)nir«>  at  unri*  for  Hom<* 
nirndM^r  «f  ihe  •♦  KiiiifrratKoi  Society,"  from  whom 
ihrv  will  In*  kuro  of  getting  the  b«'«t  informntiHii  ii«  to 
thrir  fiiftlier  profiHMlinjri.  nnd  iH'rh«|>ii  oniphtynu'tit  for 
th«>m»idvM  or  i»oni« of  their  thiidrfn. 

The  tMwnd  cUat  coiHiista  of  prrcon*  of  the  nnme 
f^^nuio  M  th«  funntf ;  hut  with  thi»  very  nntuml  differ- 
ofiof*,  tliftt  wmA  uf  them  mHMMf»«e«  a  little  f*R|Mtal — hO, 
(Ml,  or  100  ■fttiipia.  Theae  I  wonhl  rvet»inm«iid  not 
to  Ume  onti  nnneerMiary  moment  in  pu»hin)(  on  to  the 
U|>fer  Froviveii.  M'hether  it  be  their  ohjinrt  to  gvt 
•iBuloviiwfit  In  Uie  fint  inttuioe,  in  ord«r  to  har^  time 
to  loo(i  aboyi,  mhI  learn  the  modes  of  fkrming  opera- 
tloni  practiaed  in  Oanadia,  or  to  embark  in  tome  line  of 
buaineaa,  or  to  pvrobaae  land  at  once;  whatever  il  be,  m 
tbny  hm  got  i  llttia  money,  let  them  conie  np  among 
iM  here,  aiwi  not  atop  abort  until  they  get  at  least  as  ht 
m  Cubnntg.    Hltn  tKey  nnrhre  there,  though  H  h,  fur 


«^ 


thn 


im  shnll  hurt  f  !sf«i  addinf  In  tkn 
r,  Mi  thn  vniMft  <i#  tlw  iHt  tti 


J  ioiiio  now  lu  lilt'  r«'iii. lining  riii<(ii.  fl  (-4Mi){)ri«eii 
liiu<'t  of  tlio<.«'  H'liu  Mill  Imiii^  iiioiicy  <Mio«i^li,  not.  only 
to  pun  lia* '•  iaiitl,  liut  to  yay  tor  llu'  IuImkii'  m  IimIi  it 
will  i«M|iiuf.  lo  t'li  •*«'  1  liuve  ulruatly  a'!ili«*'<»«''l  iiiy- 
teW,  ulicii  I  h|iul\(' uliout  rliuoitinj^  iiii<l  cIiMiiii^  iaiiil, 
^'c,  HO  tli.ii  niy  ob<>(*rv,ition<(  now  mIihII  Im*  liriel.  it'  you 
CUM  liv«'  ill  tilt'  lio<toiii  of  your  t'.iinily  Mitlioiit  t'ou'ttant 
f^nii'i'.ii  MM  iftv — it  you  run  t'lijoy  llu*  <>itii|»]f  coiiirurt* 
ut  litt'.  and  It'.ivc  tilt.'  hope  of  ilx  I'N'U^aiit  ic<4  t.»  your 
cinldrcn — if  yon  aro  rather  of  an  urtive,  than  u  litHrary 
di»po*itiuii;  rathiT  iin'rli.iniral  than  p«H'li«-al — if  you  can 
delight  in  hcimh/^  tlu!  hountiful  produttioii!*  of  tliuiMrth 
growiiif(  up  ahout  you  in  ail  the  hi'au'y  and  luxnriafice 
vt'  u  n«'\v  world,  and  will  Uiki*  iiU*a!«ut'v  in  assiMtin^  with 
your  own  liandit  to  sow,  and  |>Iunt,  and  gatli«>r  tliiMii  in 
—if  you  arc  doterniiin'd  in  pur|MiM**,  and  will  adopt  tli« 
iiiulto  "  HO  ti'iittf*  ant  pt^rficc, " — and  abovu  ail,  if  yuii 
can  bavu  paticncu  with  the  midge*  and  blai-k  flie«,  tbert* 
will  \ni  hundredit  to  biil  yuu  wulconie.  If  you  putteta 
uiily  Home  o(  tbe«o  qualitit>4«tiont,  Ut»cid«  fur  yountelf : 
but  if  not  une  uf  them  belungt  to  you— -aUy  at  home. 

CHAPTKR  XV, 

There  ar«  few  aubjecU  ooan«cted  with  ITppar  CaMda, 
on  which  mure  incorrect  td«M  Mvm  geaarmliy  to  preftU^ 
than  iu  diinata.  The  •x|Niri«n«o  which  I  hart  Im4 
with  regarti  to  it  it,  to  b«  sure,  triAiof — rnly  of  ttr* 
tummerft  and  two  wintera.  8tiU,  judgii^f  from  tbtat, 
in  connexion  with  tho  atatooianta  of  aovaral  vIm»  Im?* 
upent  many  years  in  tho  ooiintry,  1  4o  mK  iMaltata  to 
•ay,  that  tha  waathar—- oaa  ■tatan  vidb 
preferable  to  that  of  eithar  GughMwl  or  irahuML 

1  ain  writiaf  thic  chaptar  tha  dd  of  May,  tud 
tliU  day— 4ia  clorioua  a  ona  aa  aver  tha  atrth  flalighlt< 
U^-haak  to  Ooat  tha  17tli  uf  Mareh,  Hm  llaa  iHmb 


tha  aMw  WgaM  f  laara  va,  wa  hara  M  ■iiJlWiffl 
fdMy  gWriotti  arwrinr,  I  lUra  hmm  all  Ikat  tea  ii»* 
iaad  to  my  lM<iaa»  Mid  (k«  fNMtr  ptri  if  il  10  «t  M^ 
friMi  •  aav«M  «■!  wWalt  I  faff  isjNV  Itt  Ito  i^l  lllii 

mmmSmSi 


yifW  Ml  ytttf^  It  vfilt  tali 


nn  hour«  thut  would  utliorw'iM  have  b«en  n  lionTy  one, 
hut  glidt'ft  by  while  I  Wtt«  tliut  firciipi(*d. 

Thut  the  thvrmumetor  will  orruHioimlly  iii(ili'Kto^  a 
finr«ater  det^rtM*  of  heat  in  ■unniirr,  anil  uf  cold  in  win- 
tor,  than  in  tho  rlimuteii  of  tht*  old  ronntry,  I  |>«)rf<e4tly 
bvli«vv;  hnt  while  yon  dfiive  |)e«nltar  advuntng«'M  from 
thia,  thvrear<>  otiivr  «littmMu<>M  which  niitipitis  if  they 
do  not  entirely  prevent,  the  inconveni«*ni'('4  it  would 
produce. 

In  KUinmer,  tliv  trnnsitioiiH  from  .Inly  wrullier  to 
that  of  March,  are  inn«-h  \f**  frequent  tluin  in  the  old 
4*ountry;  and  though  there  in  ricldom  adetirieni'v  of  ruin 
at  thi«  aeaaon,  it  iit  rarely  lurtmipunied  with  wind. 
Thuntler  utnuilly  preredett  it,  and  it  then  full^,  warm 
and  reviving,  a«  if  it  came  to  nofiriah,  not  lo  injure 
vegetal  itni. 

In  winter,  high  wind  in  equally  nire,  and  rain  never 
I'alU  exeept  during  a  very  onaHional  and  teninorary 
lliaw.  ^Snow  fadU  frequently,  and  you  nniy  i  alnihite  on 
'  it»  approach,  when  the  air  ^^conien  milder  than  hefore 
— the  reverm)  of  the  rule  by  which  w©  uned  to  I'XjHTt 
it  in  Ireland. 

..  ln!»e«iM  were  made  for  summer,  hut  I  think  it  in  only 
on  a  fiiie  wii*ter'«i  day,  that  man  treatU  in  the  full  \igunr 
of  existeni'v;  and  of  HUch  weather  a«  I  now  atlndc  to. 
tliere  ^eenis  to  be  a  large  proportiim  in  the  lon^  wintera 
of  Canada.  Nothing  could  po^riihly  in*  more  di*light- 
ful  than  the  fall  ot  IM\  and  the  spring  nionthn  of  lH:3*i. 
(Iv/ing  perhapa  in  Monie  measure  to  a  higher  def;:ree 
of  heat,  hut  I  ahould  think  «till  more  to  a  greater  ''qua* 
biltty  of  temperature,  you  can  grow  many  thin*;*  hero  to 
a  high  perfection,  which  will  not  succeed  in  the  o|H'n 
air  in  either  of  the  old  count ri<*M. 

In  winter,  aa  aoon  aa  the  tniow  i«  aufficiently  deep, 
wheeled  carria||W  of  ail  kindH  mrv  laid  aside,  and  re- 
plaee<l  by  sleiglM.  80  that  during  that  verv  aeason 
M  hen  the  beat  M'Adamiaed  road*  in  Knglan<l  beiHime 
floppy  and  cuft  ap,  we  liave  here  the  comfort  of  a 
smooth  and  dry  highway,  over  which  you  may  travel 
with  a  giNid  lioHM  and  a  light  itleigh,  calhnl  a  rutt«'r, 
with  a  velocity  and  caae  only  inferior  to  the  flying  along 
a  rail- road;  or  if  u  hambler  traveller,  you  may  walk 
in  alipp«r<,  witboot  dinger  of  getting  your  Htockings 


•  , 


L. 


: 


:    ( 


Till*  U  not  tlie  only  »dvantiige  derivi'd  frfun  ii  C«im- 
ditm  winter.  Y«ni  (tun  utiially  preMTYe  nieat  frmh  Mid 
ffood  M  when  lirat  killed,  fur  miy  length  uf  time  frum 
November  tu  March,  without  the  MHiiatiince  uf  ittlt,  hy 
letting;  it  hung  where  it  will  become  frusen ;  nnd  to 
•petdc  the  truth,  there  will  be  little  dilUrultv  in  finding 
a  suitable  nituation.  When  yoo  have  a  piece  of  betft' 
thus  |»elrified,  and  take  a  fant:y  to  a  steak  at  breakfnst, 
you  niAy,  if  you  choose,  set  about  cutting  one  with  a 
Knife,  but  depend  upon  it,  **  cut  ever  so  boUlly,"  you 
will  soon  exchange  it  for  •  saw. 

To  com-ludu  the  subject  t  there  It  not,  after  all,  a 
greut  di>ul  uf  differemw  between  the  climates  of  Upper 
Canada  and  (irent  Uritain:  and  that  differenctf  seems  to 
c4Hi«iiit  t'liiffly  in  these  three  points. — There  Is  less 
wind  here  \\X  all  seasons  of  the  year:  the  weather,  botft 
in  winter  niid  Mtimrier,  iw  mure  settled ;  und  fine  wea- 
ther ill  the  Hpriiig  and  fidl  nny  tie  experted  with  mure 
tuiiHdent'e.  IVilui|>s  I  should  also  iiutice  the  pleasant 
manner  in  which  the  winlcrs  lenvn  us;  at  least  the 
way  in  which  they  left  us  »in«e  I  rani«*  to  the  c(»untry. 
There  was  little  rain,  and  none  of  that  mid,  raw  wea- 
tiiir,  which  generally  nsbers  in  the  spring  in  Kugland 
niid  Ireland. 

On  the  frost  ceasing,  (alNNit  the  middle  of  March) 
the  snow  yielded  gradually  to  the  warm  b«>aros  of  the 
Mun,  and  the  softness  of  a  S4iuth  wind. 

Hpring  with  uh  is  the  returning  playfulness  of  a  child, 
that  ask)*  few  momenta  lo  got  rid  of  its  tears  and  anger; 
while  in  the  former  countries  it  comes  on  «lowly  and 
tulicnly,  like  iin  old  body's  good-humour,  and  must  often 
retire  before  the  scowl  of  winter. 


CIIAPTRR  XVI. 

To  such  ns  |Misse«s  limited  means,  it  may  bo  intereat- 
iug  to  get  some  idea  f»f  the  expenses  which  will  pro- 
hMly  be  incurred  before  tbey  cnn  begin  to  enjoy  the 
produiw  of  their  own  land.  All  this,  however,  ilependa 
s(»  much  upon  duitiiigent  oircwaataneea,  that  noUdag 
more  than  a  pjroliable  estimate  can  be  offcrad.  1  hnve 
already  mentioned  that  you  «an  hire  men  firon  8i.  In 
:)s.  Gd.  a  day.    Eight  or  ten  men,  in  mm  day,  e«i  wi- 


i 


Af 
0 


4U 

tK'r-brui«li  uiiU  tut  (luwii  tiu*  trei'ii  ut'  hii  m-ri*  of  land; 
Hnil  mImhiI  tti«'  oaiiit*  iiiiiiiImt  will  iiiuke  tlifiii  iiitu  l«ig> 
li('ii|»t.  JMirii,  and  t'fiK'«*  in  llic*  ian<l,  in  two  dayx  niur«. 
T\u*  i»  lo  Ih;  i-un«ti(lt'ri-«l  an  the  gri'uteit!  niunb«*r  that 
tan  l)f  ittM f»Kary ;    »uni«'  land  will  not  r«M|uirc  »o  many. 

Whfn  the  land  iit  oii«-t'  hnriKMl  and  i'lMicfd  In,  the 
laltour  ur  vxponiM!  ut'  |>uliliiK  in  Hfvd  i«  v«'ry  trifling, — 
«*xc«*i»tin^  putat<H*a  ahnu*,  whicli,  in  |M>rt'f<  tly  nvw  land, 
ai'**  «littiinlt  enough  tu  W  |dantfd,  nnli>»rt  it  m  very  tret; 
indtMMl  tnnn  iitune*>.  There  is  lillK*  truuhle,  however, 
in  hoein)(  tlieni  out  atierwariU ;  tuid  when  a  Kecuiid 
«'ro|i  is  |Mit  into  the  MinK'  f^r«Min«i,  nothinu:  ran  bequicker 
or  easier  than  tlia  o|>erution  of  tillin|<  them.  Indian 
corn  \n  |»ci-lia|>4  of  all  tleKi-ri|ttion  of  i'ro|»  idanted  muttt 
expeditionJv,  and  »»ilh  leaHt  trouhle;  and  even  wheat 
or  oat<i  neeni  lo  rei|nire  nothing  nntre,  than  to  ^ive  the 
groniitl  a  slight  m  raft  hing  with  a  hnsli  or  harrow. 

When  the  land  i(i  hitttiially  gtMNl — for,  an  in  the  old 
country,   you  will  find  had  and  giNnl  in  the  kann'  town- 

»lii|>s--aiid    liak   I ii   well    hurnetl  and  cleaned  oft',  it 

>eeni!t  to  |»o'<M><t  a  fertility  whirh  laughs  at  the  i>Lill  of 
M  hcicntific  farmer;  at  least,  for  the  li;st  eoiiple  of 
year». 

After  that  peritnl,  however,  there  \»  no  d<»uht  hut 
that  a  man  wh(»  |>o.sset«>es  u  |»reviou»  ex|MTien(-e  in  f.trm- 
ing  will  have  a  eoii<«iderahlL  advantage  over  ollierii,— 
uideMM  the  iharni  of  exa.nple  will  lead  him,  too,  to  lake 
down  Ids  harn  or  eow-houfte,  and  |Mit  them  U|i  some- 
where else,  rather  than  go  to  the  tronlde  of  rnnovitig 
and  m.tkiitg  use  td  the  heu|»  of  dung  and  lolten  straw, 
whidi  had  giown  up  uhtoit  them. 

Should  your  land  he  near  a  man  who  ha<i  a  yoke  of 
o\en,  and  wIm»  iii  Hilling  l<i  undertake  a  joh  of  tlii>  kind, 
)ou  may  g«  t  it  choppt'd,  burned,  iind  femed  in,  tor 
about  twelve  dollai>  an  n»r«' — the  prite  varit-.  from 
thatt  up  t<»  »event«H>n.  The  price  at  w'lieli  you  ran  pur- 
« ha^f  prov.>i.Mis  will  depend  much  on  your  di»lance 
from  old  Keillen,  and  al»4i  on  the  roud  you  may  have 
lo  your  laud.  Should  thiii  he  in  your  favour,  potatoea, 
tlonr,  |M»rk,  ^c^  will  ru»t  you  about  the  same  a»  in  the 
old  country,  or  pi>rhapM  rather  more ;  but  otherwise 
you  iiuty  Veikon  on  tlieir  »tanding  you  in  double  tliat 
money. 


i|tlu   ttt 


iku  III' 


40 

It  tKouM  b^  fur  ft^wal  oljecl  to  lay  h*  Mfl>  * 
of  provtuioiM  durinff  •Irifhini^  tioM,  m  y«Mi  jndp 
Uwt  until  yoar  otm  empt  coom  roMid :  for  tlwrt  art 
niMny  nmd*  wbicli  ftrt  capital  for  trafoHiMf  <>*  ^nnf 
tbat  |»eri<Mi,  but  aluMMt  impaMablo  tW  ramMMlM' of  tiM 
year. 

SliM^in^  iDnmlly  eummeneM  abo«t  Cbriatmat,  and 
may  g(»  into  April. 

AIhiui  thtf  Mi'oiid  yMir,  you  will  probably  tbink  of 
inakinfT  viiur  own  Miap  anu  auaar.  Of  tbo  hmhW  9t 
makinfr  t)ii>  foniN*r  artiflo  I  ahall  jn«t  friva  yov  a  Kkaleb, 
to  MMtivfy  your  rurionity  :  but  yoa  RiiMt  •••  It  aiada  bir 
itoniv  of  the  old  acHtlen,  before  thore  will  bo  mum 
t'hanrc  of  HU(*ctf«dinf^  in  tbo  operation  yourM*lf.  Ya« 
aiv  tint  to  set  a  caalc  etaiNliiiy  on  one  end,  and  •• 
|>liu«<l,  that  tbere  will  Im»  ro(»in  for  a  pail  nndemaatb 
tit  draw  oft'  ita  contents,  by  niennii  of  a  bole  and  plug  al 
I  Ik*  bfittoni.  On  the  liuiioin  of  llie  ca»ic,  which  ia  to 
lif  o|M'n  at  top,  you  platv  ii  few  •mail  pirrea  of  tetiekt, 
anil  on  thiitt'  u  li^ht  hiyer  of  ftlraw ;  and  tbea,  liUia^ 
ii|i  the  caok  with  a»lM*«,  y«Hi  |Nnir  in  aa  mnch  water  aa 
it  will  rontain.  The  fullowinpr  day,  the  water,  atruofrly 
iiiipr«'frnMi<  d  with  the  Milta  of  the  aahea,  ia  drawn  mt, 
ami  iMiiicd  along  with  a  little  prreaae  of  any  deacriptiaa, 
until  it  ]i<i|iiirt*«  a  certain  mnniNtem'e,  wbon  tiMrt  it 
itonii*  pi  •ill  w-<it«*r  added,  and  it  becumoa  wlint  ia  eallad 
MiH  MMp.  l'lii»  Miap  ia  in  very  gtenerai  nae  in  Canndii 
tor  all  the  piir|MNi«ii  in  which  aoap  ia  naefiil. 

We  will  now  talk  of  the  Hiigar.  About  tbo  middin 
of  Manh,  the  iiiuple  Mp  may  In*  expected  to  be{pn  to 
run.  The  firht  Kti'p  i»  to  procure  a  number  of  wuodon 
tronf^hff,  each  <»f  which  f>hoiild  contain  aix  or  eight 
«|uarta.  Pine  ia  the  timber  preferred ;  and  a  bamly 
peraon,  with  no  other  t«Md  but  nia  axe,  will  nuiko  frnai 
fifteen  to  twenty  in  the  day.  With  an  axo,  or  broad 
chisel,  a  cut  aereral  inchea  lonf ,  and  balf-an-incb  deop, 
ia  made  in  the  maple  tree,  ami  with  aonb  a  alope,  tbat 
the  sap  which  iaaues  from  any  part  will  flow  out  al  tbo 
lowest  extremity.  A  amall  pieee  of  wood,  aligbtly 
lp-ouve<K  ia  fastened  ia  at  thia  part,  and  coaiducU  tba 
SHU  into  the  trough.  As  these  fill,  tboir  eonlonta  ava 
4-ulh*cted,  and  boiled  with  aa  Uttio  delay  aa  puaaiblo  ia 
Ihh^o  iroa  aogar-kattlea.     Wbon  tbaaa  batro  boilad  awM 


w 


liuiir-,  ||ii>  »ap  in'«|Uin«<  llif  •  imiii^U'nrr  of  liotwy.  iiinl 
iHH-iinir*  iiiii|.i<*»t'«.  A  liltli*  inuri*  «il<iw  ImiIIuii;  nviII  Itriii^ 
It  to  <»ii;fur  :  iillil  iIm^  UXiui  tiiiiu  wlirti  tlili  littt  rli.illK«' 
i<  iHM'li-i  Ir*!  iiuiv  !>••  known  Ity  (n-<  a^iiiiially  (ll'o|i|iiti|r  M 
lilllr  on  It  |iliil«'.  llir  li|.i*i«'  <*|  ti  kiiilf.  ^|^.  ;  jiihI  nh«>ri 
ill  II  iv\y  iiKihM-iilo,  il  ImmI'-I  Hiiliii  ifiilly,  it  \\\\l  ^iv«' 
Hiiy  (•»  yoiii*  iImiiiiI»  nail,  uiul  Hy  <  Iimiii  oM.  'I  hU  <-  a 
|Miiiit  llial  n>i|Mir«>o  .illcnliun  ;  lor,  it'  lioilrtl  rvco  tor  a 
oinirt  tiliio  too  mill  II,  it  ^tilliT'*  ImiIIi  ill  taoti'  aii'l  tuloiii. 
'I'llO    ^('IMTmI     |H'ailh'«'     |o,    to    |MMII'    till*    roiiliMtU  mI     till- 

ki'llli'  into  II  vr«^i'l  wtiitli  will  iiliuw  ot  ilir  Hii^  tr  licin^ 
luniiMl  out  litter  il  Itrionic*  <  oM.  If  Iiow«>v«m'  you  |M-t'- 
fcr  Boti  NUffiir,  it  ix  only  iiii i.>«<t)try  to  krcp  tin*  tliiid 
maitM  in  nioiion,  wlnlc  Immiii^  iooUmI,  liy  ot-« 'a>ionally 
Mtirring,  rmiI  yon  wilt  ilicn  lia\«>  iiii;;ur  re»t>iiiMinff  timt 
tiiiultf  Croiu  till)  i-ani'.  Hrxiiii-H  «tr:iiiiiii^  tin*  *a\i  wIkmi 
Mr«t  put  into  tlio  kcttU*.  il  is  wril  to  hi  rain  il  tllroll^ll  h 
|MOCi*  ul'  HannrI,  att»<r  it  lia^  (mmmi  l>oiliM|  to  near  tlu* 
■tJito  ol*  iiuiJHMfK'H  ;  athl  it,  It  lilllt>  attfr.  yon  a«l<i  a  <iinall 
tfUMUtity  of  new  milk,  hikI  )*kiui  il  well,  you  \mI1  ninrh 
iiuprovtf  it«  colour  un<l  luiglitni*».<«.  lu  tln^  »fa<ion, 
wliich  coniuHMily  i'ihIh  uliont  \Uv  mitldU;  of  A|»rii,  you 
may  obtJiin  t'ruiu  tiim*  to  four  iMiuiitU  of  HUffar  fnou 
Mkcn  trt'e;  but,  m  Imtii  tliv  (|uuiitity  uml  riulini'»!i  of  the 
■ui  dvprtid  entirely  on  tlit*  nature  of  thu  Hcatlinr,  ir 
WiU  b«  better  to  tap  t4M*  many  trt*f«  than  too  few. 
fikifpu*  il  miide  from  lh«)  itauie  tre(>ii  for  three  or  four 
yotun  in  suuceMUoii,  hut  after  that  time  it  i«  u«aal  to 
t»|ft  frMh  IrtM. 

CHAPTKR  XVII. 

FtHow-traveller !  we  ar«  on  the  point  of  parting ; 
mhI,  at  ir«  hart  joamoyed  lo  lung  tof^etber,  I  trust 
w«  ahtUI  part  good  friand*.  If  you  are  «o  unreaaonable 
aa  to  b«  ditiatiafted  with  tb«  information  1  have  aup- 
pUad  fmk  with,  do  not,  I  pray  yon,  get  angry;  but 
raatlvo  dMt,  alUr  yoa  shall  bara  spent  a  saiBcMnt 
liMa  la  Canada,  ]r<Ni  will  yonrsolf  write  a  book  for  tin* 
^Mil  ot  Awgnata,  lk»t  will  make  mine  a«d  Mor- 

iM|t  kt  IbfffOttM. 

m  mmimu  taatt  miko  yoa  admit,  tk»t  I  k»ve 
Unit  Ami  «h«  db|Ml  1  pnffcaatd  to  h&f  in 


r>l 


till  l>rln^ 
it  ill  tii)(<' 

\u<\  nlii-n 
uill  fti\*' 
'lliis  H  i% 
veil  tiT  u 
III  roltnii . 
(>  nt'  thi- 
;  tr  ln'iiig 
you  (»r«»- 
thf  t)iii«l 
ik^ion.illy 
tliiiff  tliiil 
•>.ip  H'luM> 
lll'oiljjll  H 

m«ai  llu* 

<l  H  •tllilll 
rili   lUIK'll 

*  MfaMiri, 
|>ril,  you 
ffHr  t'nMit 
!««  of  I  lie* 
'iillinr,  if 

too  few. 
u  or  four 

luoai  to 


{NirtiDgi 
■,  I  trust 
rMonabl« 
lave  Mip* 
fry;  but 
raflcMnt 
forUH> 
■d  Mor- 

ih&f  in 


vi>-u-,  — ilial  ot  iiHoniiii^'  ii^cliil  iiitMniiutioii  to  lito**' 
ul.u  intrinl  iiiiifrnttinu  to  tlii«  roiiiitry.  How  fm  i 
hjiv«'  .itlttiiioil  ilial  oli>ii*«  t  i«  aiioiliiT  qiii-'itiuii  fiitircly. 
^^Iio  li  iIm>  |iiilili(  aiom-  iiiii->t  ilci  iii<'. 

ill  our  toiiior  iliapln-,  I  «-imI«  ,i\  ourt'«l  to  |ii-«-»«>r%f 
«olii«>  iiitily  ot  kiiliin  t  ;  Iml  tiim  «li.ill  Im*  out*  ill  \vliirli 
wt'  will  talk  ot  tiiiiU  aiitl  t'ii«l«.  aii<l  iio|i  lioiii  ou<'  tiling 
to  ttitoilifi-  in  ;i  familiar,  ^'onoipiiig  dUli'. 

ft  -^iiiki-^  iiu>  tlial  )oii  iiiiulil  uiuli  l4>  ffvt  noni**  !«l«'a 
of  our  iiiii!.  lifif,  an  yoii  may  [lo^tihly  iiuvi*  »ome  roHii 
travi'jiiiig.  'J'lir  grcatrr  iiiimlicr  arc  kopt  hy  |M-rM>ii» 
(loiti  ttif  .SlatfK,  aii'i  i  ////«>.v  iliat  you  will  not  iiiiith 
likf  IJM'ir  V.iiikri'  iiitkii.  'I'lif«i*  inn«  ntigiit  hiiIi  niore 
projiiifly  Im*  rall<M|  lMi;ir<lifit!  Ikmihck  .  most  «»f  tlifiii  uri* 
tr(<|iifitUMl  liy  ..•»  f^it.il  a  nuiiilirr  of  tiitiiuiiut^ii,  clcrlkt, 
wa|^^oii.(lriv«rM.  Jki.,  wim  •.it  *Iohu  nt  the  rin^niif^  o(  u 
lii^ll,  to  brrakfiMt,  (linni'r,  aii<l  <>ii|i|H'r,  lliat  the  ownvra 
ritic  iittii*  to  4'ht«'ri.iiu  a  |:i««iii|^  travelliT,  uiileMi  Itu 
rluHMkctt  to  iiiakf  iiDH  uiiiotiu  till*  ul'OVtt  motif y  group; 
and  if  tli<*y  <lo  tukr  tlif  trouUc  to  niT4>iiinM»iiiit«  iiim 
willi  a  M>|tarnt4'  riHiiii  hikI  Uilili-,  iu'  will  Im;  iiUMftf  to  pay 
•li'ar  for  llu*  (li^tinrtioii. 

I'lii'  folk  wliii  « uiigregatt*  on  tliOKr  Oi;ra*ioiit  baT«,  in 
Ki'U«*iai,  no  time  for  ^Malilv  talk;"  ami  tliii  circiini- 
Mlaine  in  taken  ail  vantage  uf,  botii  i>v  M^ttioff  Ixrfure 
tlieiii  a  ((uaiitity  of  eataiile*  jiiHt  MuAci«nt  fur  n«if  ll»«i 
penMiht  iirvMnt  to  devour, — willi  a  prumie  of  morr, 
Tor  wliitli  iliv  iiu«t  kiiuwM  tfiey  rnnout  wait,— and  alau 
i»y  taking  rare  to  give  tlieiii  kniveii  tiiat  would  n^uira 
forty  mitiiiltm  tu  distinguiuli  the  udge  from  the  btdt. 

V  ou  huvu  probably  iieard  a  great  deal  of  tbo  kindly 
diii|K>«itiun  ot  the  old  i»ettler«  toward*  the  MW  wiaa, 
ana  particularly,  how  they  will  lio  ddigbted  al  your 
euming  among  them — that  they  wilt  aMonUo  m  matttf 
uut  up  a  house  for  you*  and  clear  a  few  acrot  af  yoor 
Iiuid  in  a  twinkling.      I  belioTO  tboy  will  do  all  diia — 

tnivided  they  expeet  you  are  well  tapplied  witli  iHita* 
ey,  and  bread,  and  pork,  and  will  ae  rtadv  ta  fa  to 
tbem  in  rttura,  wbeaover  they  ekooaa  to  eaUoa  yon. 

Indeed,  in  ny  opinion,  ike  penoa  wka  woidd  aapaci 
Mora  tkaa  Ikia,  aiaal  ka  a  poor  jadf*  ^ ' 
Tka  aldoat  lalllan  whni  voit  mm  waU  jmI 
oaly  kigi— iaf  ta  atarfa 


to  •trugfla  with,  and  moU  ot'  tliefii  ara  ttUl  balow  that 
happy  point.  Now,  who  wouJd  aspect  tuch  peraona  to 
ba  rvry  g^nr roos  ?  Thejr  m»y  b«*  cbaritabla  anoogh, 
that  it,  if  a  person  reully  daatitate  tolioita  their  aid,  thay 
aHll  n4»t  perhaps  rafiiaa  it ;  lint  th*>y  will  not  ietaen 
their  chiloran't  roroforts  to  Nfrve  a  ktraiti^Hr,  who,  for 
asffht  they  know,  niiiy  be  more  ind«*pend('nt  than  thenno 
••Ire*.  Let  that  hunibuf(f^iu|r  fellow,  Hterna,  aay  what 
ha  pleniat,  bardahipa  and  privations  will  chill  tha  foun- 
tain of  Uheraiity  in  the  human  breast — it  is  religion  or 
proaparity  that  niisst  thaw  it. 

D*  yon  ask  why  I  hnve  not  said  any  thing  of  tha 
■MyuMffa  of  tW  people  here  ?  Bot,  pray,  who  are  thaaa 
MOpla  ?  Ara  they  not  English  and  Irish,  with  a  faw 
Sfl•te%^  and  atiU  fewer  Yankees?  Well,  than,  yon 
know  tka  waaaara  d  tho«e  already ;  and  a  few  years, 
MOM  or  lois,  fon  hare  altared  thtm  littlo.  StilU  thara 
ia  oao  partiaolor,  lo  whiah  it  is  intaroiting  awawgh  to 
okaorvo  tho  atfket  generally  prodooed  on  the  lowar 
daaa  of  aiy  eooatrymen,  even  by  a  rary  short  roaidooao 
io  Cmmim ;  aad  than  to  contrast  thaai  with  tko  fiogliak 
aettlers. 

Wkao  Pladdy  bns  cot  a  boa  in  Ma  ktoio  ffo«  o  hw 
ckaaaa  of  wkiakey,  he  looks  dowo  oo  ovofy  oao  who 
IMB  0  aiy«i  to  ho  called  a  gaotlanMO,  witk  the  utmoat 
ooacaoipt    8kooM  he  hare  a  qaarral  with  aaak  a  Mr> 

b  Aii  wnhm»B9  to  tko— «-!   wko  iko  — i«- awM 
kksl     Huroo't  1  huid,  os  weU  oa  ko?    Pot- 
I  I  ita't  oMo^kol  it  kkm"    loopohMi  kk 


of 

G< 

wi 
wi 
tk 
bli 

N. 


»'"  '      "-f 


53 

of  the  prm,  with  more  teal  or  hlUtntm.  Oat  Mtty 
called  theoMrives  Rdbrmen,  and  tfM  oAt,  Tra* 
QoTvraiiMiit  Mm ;  but  the  nanMt  th«y  gavt  weh  otiMr 
wert  far  from  being  §o  compUmMtary.  TIm  NMdt 
waa,  that,  haTing  bat  one  Dewepaper  la  Gobovtf  ,  sad 
that  one  plnjring  *U  on  one  iide^  the  other  fUHj  eeia* 
bliehed  a  ioeoad ;  and  thaee  tw«  enllfhtiwi  ol  Ike 
Newcaetle  Dittriet  eontinne  abneinf  eiidi  other  to  the 
preaent  day,  in  tnae  Btllingtgate  at;^ 


<?^^;L' 


'"** 

■.n' 


'1  *'-'-*. 


.pf> 


nU  IMD. 


') 


<   xt,- 


^l 


■^^^ 


»•' 


*%*   ■' 


^w%*•  ¥.^ 


■  * 

1* 

...*  •  ■*•  -tivHm    < 


^f^.. 


MKCKM'T    roK    MAKINCi    HAH.M. 


Till.  M-ttitTti  li«*rt>  make  barm  from  almoKt  evi>ry 
tliiiip-,  hut  gen«*rully  it  i^  of  nn  inferior  kind.  The 
hrea'l  will  he  light  enou|,;ii,  lint  acquire  some  }MH:uiiar 
>.<Mto,  or  »ouii  turn  >onr. 

The  following  ntethud  of  procuring  yeait  will  be 
f'Mind  tiiperiur  to  any  other;  and  I  know  many  in  the 
ohl  country  who  would  he  glad  to  avail  tbenitelvec  of 
it.  In  no  property,  that  1  am  aware  of,  doe*  it  yield 
to  the  best  brewery  harm. 

Ik>il  one  handful  of  good  hop*  in  four  quaita  of 
water,  till  the  former  »ink  to  the  bottom.  Strain  the 
liquor,  and,  when  blood- warm,  add  four  tablt^spoon- 
fui«  of  lirown  sugar,  and  eight  of  fine  flour, — ttirring 
the  irtgredie!it)(  well  together.  Let  the  veMel  contain* 
iiig  them  stand  covered,  lufliciently  near  the  lire  to  be 
preserved  inilk-«r«nn.  The  following  day,  ihe  barm 
can  be  used  ;  and,  at  every  time  of  using,  let  it  be  first 
well  stirred. 


fv*»ry 

Tin- 


' 


NOTKS, 


(rtj  I  p<>rr(Mr(>  by  n  lute  pnpfr,  u  uuifel  1«  K*>i"K 

to  im  inado  between  Pro«4<ttt  and  Mimtrfftl,  which  ic 
iiit4MidtHi  to  remedy  the  ritk  tiiid  delwy  occaiioned  at 
nreHont  by  the  niimeron*  rnpidii  <»f  the  St.  Lawrence. 
The  paragraph  stated,  that  connniMionera  bad  already 
proceeded  to  the  Stateti  to  engage  a  civil  engiiieer  of 
the  highest  character  for  talents  and  eaperianoe,  and 
that  the  work  was  to  proceed  without  delay. 

(bj  Such  were  tbe  n^Iations  in  Ibroe,  on  dM  aab- 
je<^  of  lettlement  dntiea,  when  I  drewniy  l«»d  in  1881. 
Perlu4W,  bowerer,  before  this  reacbet  tile  reader'a  ev^ 
•OHIO  ebange  will  have  occurred,  a«  tbeae  aaid  dayaa 
appear  to  m  generally  <ynisiden'd  vexationa  m4  •ifMi- 
sire  to  tbe  bond  fiA  aettler,  without  prodtilg  »  etr- 
reaponding  benefit  to  tbe  country. 


m 


(t)  Making  a  road  in  Canada  lignifltt  Htlb 
than  just  to  cuf,  down  a  few  trees,  so  aa  to  ofta  %  |ta> 
•age  tbroogb  tb*  forest  for  a  cart  or  waggos,  dmw  by 
a  pair  of  oxen,  to  move  along.  Wbert 
oomo  in  tba  wav»  tbe  operatioii  if  mmf  < 
otbarwiie  quite  the  reverae.  In  tbia  Itllar  «Mb 
larff  trees  omat  be  laid  aide  hj  aidab  Mid  fin 
tbar,  alMf  the  intandMl  bigbwayt  Mi  fkm 
iwwi^  eoMMMi  ■MWi  waMfi  I*  wiu  wm 


;!• 


■M: 


fv:*\ 


56 

iM  the  old  country.  There  are  eoae  of  thete  bri^ne 
Ml  verv  long  mid  uueTen,  f^  «  barrel  of  new  oillli 
would  he  completely  churned,  if  dmwn  over  them  from 
one  end  to  tho  other. 

(d)  On  the  ir«t  Moadny  in  Jmnary,  the  inh»bitantt 
<»t'  a  tonrmhip  niHMMe  together.  This  it  called  the 
Town  Meetinf  •  when  they  eleet  from  among  them- 
nelvee  a  town-clerfc»  two  ameiMra,  a  collector,  twu 
tuwn*warde,  or  chnrch-wardene,  a  pound-keeper,  and 
MS  many  path-mattert  at  they  jadge  naeeiaanr.  Theae 
Utter  call  odi  the  settlen,  and  tmerintend  tnem  while 
engaged  in  repairing  the  roads  ana  hridgne.  The^pMM- 
tity  of  «« ttatttU  lahour,**  at  it  it  eaDed,  which  eaeli  ael- 
tler  haa  to  perform,  it  ragukted  hy  the  ammwl  for 
which  lie  it  aaaetaed.  The  meeting  mm  aleo  the  power 
uf  panting  tnch  lawa  and  regnkmna  aa  it  Jadgaa  ad- 
rantageooa  for  the  general  intereat,  and  whiah  do  not 
cUth  with  any  I^tUtire  enactmeala. 


} 


n--.  '     ' 


.jiU    i.  t  - : 


IK 


tMitt 
ltll« 


,  and 

Hmm) 

irlOk 

I*  for 

Mwtr 
Mad. 
Ivmit 


