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I 


Ptlttfc  HtttU 


SIXTH  ANNUAL  REPORT 

SECRETARY  OF  STATE 

STATE  OF  MICHIGAN, 5Wyu«i 

BbUtinq  to  the  Rr.msTJtr  and  Return  of 

BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS, 


FOB   THE   'SrHlA.R   1S73. 


BY    AUTHORITY. 


LAlfSINO: 

W.  S.  GEORGE  &  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS  AND  BINDERS. 

1877. 


J 
fc 


PUBUC  HEALTH 

MAR  •  '^ 


ftamfor  14,  1877-        ) 

Hoy.  OHAELES  M.  CROSWELL, 

Governor  of  Michigan: 

Sir: — I  herewith  submit  the  Sixth  Annual  Report  of  thia 

Department,  concerning  Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths. 

Very  Respectfully, 

E.  G.  D.  Holdex, 

Secretary  of  State. 


■.  ..     ,  i   *   .'  1   /  '. 


.*.  /   ..  •       i 


••"•.  ii 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introductory  Letter  of  transmittal  by  Secretary  of  State,       .                     .       .      iU 
General  Remarks  and  Statements, ix-xti 

BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS: 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths  in  Michigan  daring  the  Year  1S72,    *  .      xiv-xv 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  and  Excess  of  Births  oyer  Deaths  for  each  of  the 

Years  1868-1872, ..  .,  <  .  ;•.  .       xv 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  and  Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths  per  Quarter, 

Month,  Week,  and  Day, xvii 

Statements  Concerning  Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872,    .     xvi 
Relation  of  Inhabitants  to  persons  Married,  Children  Born  and  to  Decedents,    .    xVii 
Comparative  Natural  Increase  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants  of  Mich- 
igan,           .        xx 

Population,  June  1,  1870,  and  Marriages  Births,  Death?,  and  Excess  of  Births 

over  Deaths  in  1872  by  Counties  and  Sex, xx-xx 

Births,  and  Deaths,  in  1871,  and  1872,  Occurring  Ont  of  Michigan,  and    those 

Returned  in  Two  Counties xxvi-xxviii 

BIRTHS; 

In  Michigan  during  the  Year  1872, 1 

By  Quarters  of  the  Year  as  Returned  and  as  Corrected  for  Omissions    ...        1 

By  Quarters  for  each  of  the  Years  1868-1872,    ; 2 

By  Months  for  each  of  the  Years  1868-1872, 8 

Remarks,  Exhibits,  and  Diagram  on  tho  Birth-rate,  by  Months  in  different 

years, 4-9 

Diagram  of  Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths, 7 

Corrections  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration,  Reasons  for,  and  Manner  of,  ;       .       0-45 

Relation  between  Births  and  Marriages, .16-17 

By  Counties,  by  Sex,  by  Months .     1&-S1 

By  Color,  by  Sex,  as  related  to  Population  and  to  Women  aged  IS  and  under 

45  years 82-88 


VI  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Pagi. 

By  Counties,  the  Relation  of  the  Sexes,  the  Birth-rate  by  Sex,  and  the  Number 

by  Color,  by  Sex, 84-48 

By  Parent-Nativity 44-44 

Number  of  Children  to  each  Woman,  to  each  Marriage,  to  each  Family,  and  to 

each  Mother, 54-68 

By  Counties,  Parent-Nativity,  and  Sex, 09-78 

Twins, 78-** 

Twins  by  Parent-Nativity,  Color,  and  Sex, 81-88 

Twins  by  Counties,  Parent-Nativity,  and  Sex, 84-91 

Occupations  of  Fathers  of  Twins, 96 

Still-births  by  Months,  Parent-Nativity,  Color,  Sex,  etc 98-98 

Illegitimate  Children,  by  Months,  Parent-Nativity,  Color,  Sex,  etc.,     .  97-101 

Triplets, 101 

By  Counties  the  Female  Population  aged  18  to  45,  and  the  Relation  to  such 
population  of  Total  Births,  Illegitimate  and   Still-born  Children,  and 

Twins, 108-104 

Counties  and  Townships  in  which  No  Births  Occurred  in  1872,   ....        105 
Counties  and  Townships  from  which  No  Returns  of  Births  were  received  for 

1872, 100-107 

Sex  of  Children,  by  Months  of  Birth,  Months  of  Conception,  as  Related  to  deaths, 
and  to  Illegitimate  and  Still-born  Children,  and  Twins,  by  Parent-Na- 
tivity  108-11* 

XEARRlAGBSi 

In  Michigan  during  the  Tear  1872 11T 

By  Quarters  of  the  years  1868-1872  as  Originally  Returned,  and  as  Corrected,      1 18-119 

By  Months  for  each  of  the  years  1888-1872, 120-121 

By  Months  Equalized  to  Uniform  Length  for  each  of  the  years  1868-1872,     .     122-125 
Diagram  of  Marriages  during  each  of  the  years  1868-1872,         ....     -       125 

By  Counties,  by  Months,  for  the  year  1872, 127-120 

By  Color,  by  Sex,  as  Related  to  Population, 129-180 

By  Color,  by  Counties, 181-188 

By  Nativity,  by  Sex,  as  Related  to  Population, 184-185 

By  Age,  by  Sex,  as  Related  to  Population, 186 

By  Counties,  Nativity,  Sex,  and  Age, 187-148 

By  Counties,  by  Ages  under  21  years, 144-148 

By  Ages  in  Periods,  by  Sex, 148-149 

Disparity  of  Aged,         .       » 150-161 

By  Counties  for  each  of  the  years  186S-1872,  as  first  Returned  and  as  Correct- 
ed, and  Relation  of  Marriages  in  1S72  to  Population, 152-156 

By  Nativity  for  Different  Foreign  Countries,  and  the  United  States,  etc.,       .        157 

DEATHS: 

In  Michigan  during  the  year  1872, 158 

By  Quarters  for  each  of  the  years  1868-1872, 158 

By  Months,  for  each  of  the  years  1868-1372, 159-160 


CONTENTS.  Vtl 

Paox 

By  Months  and  Sex  for  1879, 161-115 

Corrections  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration, 161-171 

Diagram  of  Deaths  by  Months,  as  Returned  and  as  Corrected,     ....        169 

By  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex, 172-178 

By  Months,  by  Periods  of  Age, 174-17T 

By  Age,  by  Sex,  and  by  Months, 178-195 

Life  Table  for  Males  and  for  Females,  "Expectation  of  Life,"  etc.,     .  196-808 

Diagramatic  Table  of  Deaths  of  Children  under  one  Year  of  Age,  .  204-205 

Infant  Mortality  and  Deaths  of  Children  under  Five  Tears  of  Age,     .  204-215 

Decedents  Aged  One  Hundred  years  and  over, 216 

Counties  and  Townships  which  made  No  Returns  of  Deaths  for  1872,  217-2t8 

Counties  and  Townships  in  which  it  is  Reported  that  No  Deaths  occurred  in 

1872, 219 

By  Counties,  Sex,  Months,  and  Age, 220-289 

By  Color  and  Proportion  of  the  Sexes, 240-241 

By  Color,  by  Counties,  and  by  Sex, 242-245 

By  Nativity  and  Parent-Nativity  of  Decedents, 246-249 

Life  Table  for  Males  born  of  Native  Mothers, 250-252 

By  Counties,  Nativity,  and  Sex, 258-255 

* 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH  t 

Classification  adopted  in  this  Report, 255-256 

Number  by  Classes  in  each  of  the  years  1S69-1872, 256 

Diagram  of  Deaths  from  All  Causes  and  from  each  Class  of  Causes,  by  Months, 

1872, 258 

By  Classes  by  Months, 258-260 

Order  of  Succession  of  Five  Groups  of  Causes  of  Deaths,  grouped  by  Part  of 

Body  diseased, 260 

Geographical  Divisions  of  the  State, 261-268 

By  Counties,  by  Causes  of  Death  Classified, 264-802 

Specified  Causes,  by  Sex,  Months,  and  Periods  of  Age, 808-349 

Casualty, 850-851,863 

Cancer,  by  Sex  of  decedents,  by  Part  affected,  etc 851 ,  856-357 

Principal  and  'Specified  Causes  of  Deaths, 852-415 

Fifteen  Principal  Canses  of  Death,  Order  of  Succession  of,       ...       .      852-854 
Ten  Specified  Causes  of  Death,  by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Periods  of  Age,        856-357 

Croup,      .       .       .      ^ 856-861 

Diphtheria 856-357,860-362 

Cerebrospinal  Meningitis, 868-86T 

Congestive  Chills, 868-869 

Intermittent  Fever, 870-871 

Typhoid  Fever, *        856-857,  872-374,  888-892 

Diarrhea  and  Dysentery,  •     .  856-857,875-376 

Measles, 856-357,876-877 

Scarlet  Fever, 856-357, 877-878 

Whooping-cough, 856-857,879 

Consumption, 879-415 

Pneumonia  (Inflammation  of  Lungs), 582-492 


▼ill  SIXTH    REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Paoi. 

Old  Age,  Aged  70  and  Over,  and  Aged  under  Five  Tears, 893-897 

Average  Age  of  Inhabitants  by  Counties, 895-897 

Consumption,  by  Months,  by  Sex,  Conjugal  Condition,  Occupation,  and  Periods 

of  Age, 898-415 

Average  Age  of  Decedents,  and  of  Inhabitants 416-418 

Occupations  by  Classes  of  Decedents  Aged  20  and  Over  whose  Occupations  were 

Returned,  .  419-427 

Meteorological  Tables, 428-481 

Laws  concerning  Births,  Mabriagbs,  and  Deaths,  ....  488-444 
Suggestions  to  Persons  who  Solemnize  Marriages,     .       .       .  .       .     444-445 

Alphabetical  Index,         ........  ...  447-... 


!         >     •  ■•  ♦ 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORTS 

CONCERNING 

YITAL  STATISTICS  OF  MICHIGAN,  1872. 


GENERAL  REMARKS  AND  STATEMENTS. 


In  the  general  remarks  in  the  last  Report,  over  the  signature 
of  the  compiler,  certain  suggestions  relative  to  amending  the 
law  were  repeated,  which  had  been  mentioned  in  the  introduc- 
tory letter  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  in  a  previous  Report 
The  compiler  has  continued  to  labor  for  some  improvements 
in  the  laws  providing  for  these  statistics,  as  well  as  for  the  im- 
provement of  methods  of  compilation  ;  and  though  no  amend- 
ment has  been  made  in  the  law  since  the  last  Report,  it  is 
believed  that  some  progress  has  been  made  in  methods  of 
compiling  vital  statistics.  As  the  need  of  amending  the  law 
is  as  great  now  as  formerly,  it  seems  best  briefly  to  mention 
again  some  of  the  points  wherein  it  is  thought  the  law  may 
be  so  improved  as  better  to  promote  the  progress  of  social  sci- 
ence in  general,  and  particularly  to  advance  the  interests  of 
life  and  health  in  Michigan. 

1.  One  of  the  ways  in  which  the  statistics  of  births  may  be 
improved  is  by  making  it  the  duty  of  the  parents  of  every 
child  born  to  give  a  statement  of  all  facts  connected  with  its 
birth  which  are  needed  for  legal  and  statistical  purposes,  and 


X  SIXTH  BEGISTKATION  BEPOBT. 

to  place  these  statements  on  record, — in  a  township,  with  the 
supervisor,  clerk,  or  health  officer;  in  an  incorporated  village, 
with  the  assessor,  clerk,  or  health  officer;  in  a  city,  with 
some  officer  connected  with  the  board  of  health.  Some  such 
provision  should  be  made  for  securing  a  record  of  those  births 
which  now  escape  enumeration  because  of  the  time  which 
elapses,  and  the  movements  of  the  people  which  occur  before 
the  assessor  goes  about  to  enumerate  the  births. 

2.  The  material  for  the  statistics  of  deaths  should  be  im- 
proved in  a  similar  manner,  by  making  it  the  duty  of  the  parents 
of  the  deceased  person,  or  if  there  is  no  resident  parent,  the 
eldest  resident  person  next  of  kin,  and  otherwise  of  every 
householder  in  whose  household  a  death  shall  occur,  to  place  on 
record  immediately  with  some  of  the  above  mentioned  officers, 
a  full  statement,  concerning  every  person  who  dies,  of  all  the 
facts  requisite  for  legal,  statistical,  aud  public  health  purposes. 
The  benefits  which  will  result  to  the  individual  born,  and  to 
his  family,  or  to  the  family  of  the  deceased  person,  will  be 
such  as  to  warrant  such  a  demand  by  society.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  benefit  to  society  will  be  sufficient  recompense  for 
all  expenses  of  keeping  and  returning  copies  of  such  record. 

3.  No  fee  for  recording  births,  marriages,  or  deaths  should  be 
demanded  of  the  person  who  supplies  the  facts  for  record.  It 
may  be  a  question  worthy  of  consideration  whether  some 
slight  compensation  should  not  be  given  to  such  person; 
though  it  is  believed  that  the  interest  of  the  family  is  such 
that  the  statements  of  facts  may  properly  be  required  of  them, 
and  the  facts  are  of  sufficient  value  to  societv  to  make  it  the 
duty  of  the  State  to  keep  the  record,  and  to  place  the  com- 
bined facts  before  the  people. 

4.  The  foregoing  refers  to  the  essential  facts  of  the  occurrence 
of  births,  marriages,  or  deaths.  There  are  certain  other  facts 
concerning  each  of  these  occurrences,  which  should  be  ascer- 
tained, in  addition  to  those  which  the  law  now  requires  to 
be  recorded.     Some  reasons  therefor  were  given  in  the  last 


GENERAL  REMARKS  AND  STATEMENTS.         XI 

Report.    The  additional  facts  which  should  be  recorded  are  as 
follows : 

a.  The  age,  at  last  birthday,  of  parents  of  children  born. 

b.  The  age  of  persons  married  should  be  stated  as  at  last 
birthday.    As  the  law  now  is,  the  statement  is  indefinite. 

c.  The  nativity  of  parents  of  all  who  die. 

d.  The  occupations  of  fathers  of  children  that  die  under  a 
certain  age — say  fifteen  years. 

e.  The  time  of  residence  in  this  State,  of  all  who  die  therein. 

5.  The  law  should  provide  that  the  christian  names  of  chil- 
dren, born  and  returned  before  such  names  have  been  given 
them,  should  be  returned  to  the  State  Department  by  the 
county  clerks. 

6.  At  present  there  is  no  special  provision  for  enumerating 
the  births  and  deaths  in  incorporated  villages.  There  may  be  a 
question,  whether  in  all  cases  in  the  villages  they  are  collected 
and  returned  by  the  township  supervisors  who  make  assess- 
ments therein.  Under  the  present  law,  it  seems  to  be  the 
duty  of  the  supervisor  of  the  township;  but  the  law  should 
be  more  explicit,  and  it  might  be  better  to  have  the  vital  sta- 
tistics in  villages  collected  by  a  village  officer. 

There  are  other  questions,  relating  to  these  statistics,  which 
cannot  well  be  discussed  here,  but  which  should  be  considered 
by  legislators  before  taking  action  on  this  important  subject. 
In  the  Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  Michigan  State  Board  of 
Health,  for  the  year  1876,  the  president  and  the  secretary  of 
the  Board  each  discuss  the  subject, — the  president  in  his  an- 
nual address  on  "  The  Achievements  of  Hygienic  Science  and 
Art," — and  the  Secretary  in  a  "Report  on  Methods  of  Col- 
lecting Vital  Statistics." 

The  value  and  the  importance  of  vital  statistics  are  now  well 
established.  It  is  conceded  by  all  prominent  sanitarians  that 
vital  statistics  supply  the  most  substantial  basis  for  sanitary 
work;  and  that  without  such  statistics  efforts  for  the  pro- 
motion of  the  public  health  are  made  at  random.    People  are 


Xll  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

beginning  to  realize  the  truth  of  Franklin's  saying  that  "  Pub- 
lic Health  is  Public  Wealth ."  The  New  York  Times,  Nov.  12, 
1874,  says:  "If  we  cannot  go  the  length  of  Mr.  Disraeli  in 
stating  that  sanitary  reform  is  the  great  question  for  the 
statesmanship  of  our  day,  we  may  at  least  safely  insist  that  it  is 
time  the  public  were  more  fully  educated  in  its  requirements." 
For  this  education  we  need  to  know  the  sources  of  greatest  dan- 
ger to  life  and  health ;  and  these  are  only  learned  through  a  study 
of  the  facts  relating  to  diseases  and  deaths ;  and  only  accurately 
learned  by  means  of  accurate  statistics,  carefully  studied. 

It  seems  probable  that  one  reason  why  statistical  works  are 
not  more  freely  used  in  cases  where  statements  of  facts  are 
needed,  is  the  fear  of  wrong  interpretation  of  the  tables  or 
figures,  and  particularly  the  difficulty  of  marking  out  and  fol- 
lowing new  lines  of  thought  which  may  be  made  to  result 
from  the  grouping  of  facts  in  the  statistical  manner.  As  re- 
gards national  compilations  of  statistics,  as,  for  instance,  the 
TJ.  S.  Census,  it  is  usual  for  some  person  to  work  out  from 
them  a  few  popular  statements,  and  for  these  statements  to  be 
used  by  nearly  all  who  use  the  material  of  the  census;  each 
writer  preferring  to  accept  work  already  done  rather  than  to 
make  new  combinations  for  himself.  This  fact,  and  an- 
other, which  this  one  may  imply,  namely,  that  expert  ability 
and  some  degree  of  familiarity  with  the  methods  of  compila- 
tion, sources  of  the  statistics,  etc.,  are  needed  to  enable  one  to 
work  out  from  them  accurate  and  reliable  statements  applica- 
ble to  problems  in  social  science,  are  among  the  reasons  why  it 
is  important  that  a  certain  amount  of  editorial  work  shall  be 
done  by  the  compiler,  in  addition  to  his  work  in  planning  such 
tables,  exhibits,  and  diagrams,  as  shall  best  reveal  the  truths 
which  may  be  learned  from  the  collation  of  the  returns. 

It  has  seemed  to  the  compiler  that  at  least  so  much  should 
be  done  as  to  start  the  discussion  of  some  line  of  thought  in 
connection  with  each  important  table  or  group  of  data,  and 
briefly  to  indicate  any  danger  of  misinterpretation    which 


GElfERAL  REMARKS  AND  STATEMENTS.  xiii 

might  otherwise  lead  to  a  wrong  use  of  the  material.  This 
has  required  much  thought,  and  time;  and,  as  mentioned 
in  the  last  Report,  through  circumstances  apparently  una- 
voidable, the  work  on  statistics  previous  to  this  Report  was 
much  delayed.  The  compiler  deeply  regrets  the  delay  In  the 
publication  of  this  Report,  and  hopes  and  expects  that  here- 
after the  publication  will  be  brought  nearer  to  the  time  of  the 
collection  of  the  data ;  but  it  is  a  satisfaction  to  know  that  the 
facts  once  on  record  do  not  rapidly  lose  their  value ;  so  that  it 
is  of  very  much  more  consequence  that  the  collection  and  first 
record  of  these  statistics  be  sooner  made,  than  that  the  returns 
be  rapidly  compiled  and  printed.  The  main  defect  is  that  so 
many  facts  concerning  births  and  deaths  are  entirely  lost,  be- 
cause of  the  delay  in  the  first  collection  of  the  statistics.  It  is 
exceedingly  desirable  that  legal  provision  be  made  for  placing 
them  upon  record  before  they  are  forgotten. 

The  compiler  sincerely  trusts  that,  as  time  goes  on,  this  vol- 
ume may  prove  of  use  to  humanity,  as  containing  valuable 
evidence  on  many  questions  connected  with  human  life  and 
health. 

HENRY  B.  BAKER,  M.  D., 
Supt.  of  Vital  Statistics. 


BIRTHS,    MARRIAGES,    AND   DEATHS 


IN   MICHIGAN, 


DURING    THE    YEAR   187S 


This  Sixth  Annual  Report,  like  its  predecessors,  is  based 
upon  the  returns  received  from  the  county  clerks.  The  enu- 
meration of  births  and  deaths  is  made  and  reported  to  the 
county  clerks  by  the  supervisors  and  assessors  of  townships 
and  cities,  except  in  Detroit,  where  the  enumeration  and  report 
is  by  persons  appointed  by  the  common  council.  The  statis- 
tics  of  marriages  are  reported  to  the  county  clerks  by  the  jus- 
tices of  the  peace,  and  the  ministers  of  the  gospel,  who  have 
legal  authority  to  solemnize  marriages  in  this  State. 

Not  all  births,  marriages,  or  deaths  are  yet  returned,  and  in 
studying  the  tables  throughout  this  report,  it  is  essential  to 
bear  this  fact  in  mind.  In  some  of  the  tables  of  births  and 
deaths  it  has  been  found  practicable  to  make  certain  correc- 
tions for  omissions  because  of  time  elapsing  before  the  enu- 
meration. The  reasons  for  these  corrections,  and  the  methods 
adopted,  are  stated  on  pages  9-15  for  births,  and  pages  166-171 
for  deaths.  The  results  of  such  corrections  are  shown  in  Ta- 
ble I.,  following  these  remarks — on  page  xvii.  It  is  believed 
that  the  actual  numbers  are  thus  approximated.  For  many 
purposes,  however,  it  is  not  essential  to  know  the  exact  num- 
bers, but  it  is  important  to  know  the  relations  existing  between 
certain  factors,  as,  for  instance,  the  ratio  of  births  or  deaths  of 


BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS. 


XV 


persons  of  each  sex,  of  each  color,  nativity,  etc.,  or  the  ratio  of 
deaths  at  each  age  to  the  deaths  at  all  ages.  These  ratios  may 
be  correct,  and  for  snch  purposes  the  statistics  be  of  nearly  full 
value,  even  though  not  all  births  or  deaths  are  reported.  Bat 
because  of  the  vital  importance  of  such  statistics,  which  relate 
to  the  lives,  and  to  the  sources  of  danger  to  the  lives  of  all  our 
citizens,  it  is  very  desirable  that  more  attention  be  given  to 
the  subject  by  the  people  themselves  and  by  those  charged 
with  the  first  enumeration,  to  the  end  that  the  accuracy  and 
consequent  value  of  these  statistics  may  be  greatly  increased. 

The  relations  which  the  births,  marriages,  and  deaths  sustain 
to  each  other,  in  each  of  the  years  for  which  a  record  has  been 
made  in  this  State  may  be  seen  in  Exhibit  A,  as  may  also  the 
relation  which  either  the  births,  marriages,  or  deaths  in  one 
year  bears  to  the  same  in  any  other  year. 

EXHIBIT  A. — Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths  returned  as 
having  occurred  in  Michigan  during  the  Years  1868,  1869, 
1870,  1871,  and  1872. 


Marriages. _■ 

Births. 

Deaths 

Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths... 

•  Corrected  tip  to  May  1, 1874. 


1868. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

8,645 

10,296 

9,707 

10,458 

25,080 

27,098 

26,668 

25,992 

8,285 

9,145 

10,766 

9,728 

16,785 

17,948 

15,897 

16,264 

1872. 


9,882 
27,998 
18,871 
14,622 


Exhibit  B  has  also  been  improved  by  the  statements  for  an 
additional  year,  and  by  the  other  additions  thereto. 


XVI 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  B. — Statements  concerning  Births,  Marriages,  and' 
Deaths  in  Michigan,  during  the  Years  1870, 1871,  and  1872. 


Inhabitants  represented  by  returns  of  marriages  to  one 
marriage. * 

In  population  represented  by  marriages,  males  to  one  mar- 
riage.  


lage. 

opi 
*ge 


In  population  represented  by  marriages,  females  to  one  mar- 
riage  


Male  inhabitants  at  ages  at  which  marriages  occurred  to 
one  marriage 

Female  inhabitants  at  ages  at  whteh  marriages  occurred  to 
one  marriage 

Inhabitants  represented  by  births  to  each  child  born 

Inhabitants,  males  to  each  male  child  born 

Inhabitants,  females  to  each  female  child  born 

Inhabitants,  females  aged  16  to  45  to  each  child  born 

Children  born  to  100  females  aged  16  to  45 

Inhabitants  represented  by  deaths  to  one  death 

Inhabitants,  males  to  one  death  of  male 

Inhabitants,  females  to  one  death  of  female 

Deaths,  males  to  100  females 

Births,  males  to  100  females. 

Total  population  of  State,  males  to  100  females 

Births  to  one  death 

Births,  males  to  one  death  of  male 

Births,  females  to  one  death  of  female, .... 

Children  born  of  which  the  sex  was  unknown  or  not  stated 

Deaths  of  which  the  sex  was  unknown  or  not  stated. 

Natural  daily  decrease  of  population  as  per  births  and 
deaths  returned 

Natural  daily  increase  of  population  when  returns  are  cor- 
rected as  in  4th  line  of  Exhibit  A,  page  12,  and  of  Ex- 
hibit Q,  page  168 


1870.  b 

1871.  b 

121.80 

112.51 

68.29 

58.71 

58.01 

53.61 

87.88 

86.95 

87.98 

86.68 

48.48 

44.18 

» 

48.59 

48.97 

48.57 

44.57 

9.85 

9.51 

10.68 

10.52 

107.18 

117.54 

107.48 

114.75 

107.50 

121.67 

108.78 

115.17 

108.80 

110.21 

109.22 

109.22 

2.47 

2.67 

2.47 

2.62 

2.47 

2.74 

91.00 

69.00 

87.00 

85.00 

48.55 

44.56 

58.58 

1872.  b 

120.00 

62.42 

57.1* 

88.09 

87.24 

41.77 

42.19 

41.58 

8.98^ 

11.18 

86.61 

84.09' 

89.98 

116.55 

107.46 

109.22 

2.09 

2.01 

2.18 

88.00 

27.00* 

89.95 
60.06- 


»  Marriages  corrected  up  to  May  1 ,  1874.    See  page  157. 

b  In  computing  statements  for  this  column,  the  inhabitants  June  1, 1870,  were  used. 


For  some  purposes,  Table  I.  has  been  made  more  valuable  in 
this  than  in  former  Keports,  by  adding  statements  for  births 
and  deaths  in  1872,  after  the  numbers  haye  been  corrected  for 
omissions  because  of  time  before  enumeration. 


BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DfeATHS. 


XY11 


TABLE  I. — The  Number  of  Marriages,  Births,  and  Deaths, 
and  Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths  in  the  State  of  Michigan 
during  the  Year,  and  the  Average  Number  and  Excess  du- 
ring Specified  Periods  of  Time  within  the  Year  1872, — 
Births  and  Deaths  as  Returned  and  as  Corrected. 


PERIODS  OP  TIME. 


fig 

•H 

PQ 


fYear  1872 . » 

Quarter - 

Month- 

Week 

.Day v. 


5-° 

SO 


fYear  1872 • 

Quarter 

Month 

Week „ 

I  Day 


Marriages. 


9,882.00 

2,470.50 

823.50 

190.04 

27.00 

9.882.00 

2,470.50 

828.50 

190.04 

27.00 


Births. 


27,998.00 

6,998.25 

2,882.75 

588.88 

76.48 

48,081.00 

10,770.25 

8,590.08 

828.48 

117.71 


Deaths. 


18,871.00 

8,842.75 

1,114.25 

257.18 

86.58 

21,101.00 

5,275.25 

1,758.42 

405.79 

57.65 


Excess  of 

Births  oyer 

Deaths. 


14,622.00 

8,655.50 

1,218.50 

826.20 

89.95 

21,980.00 

5,495.00 

1,S81.66 

422.69 

60.06 


»  Unknown  month  included. 

b  Corrected  as  if  enumerated  in  months  of  occurrence.    For  reasons  for,  and  meth- 
ods of  corrections,  Bee  pages  9-15  for  births,  and  pages  166-171  for  deaths. 


EXHIBIT  C. — By  Nativity  and  Sex,  the  Relation  of  Inhab- 
itants to  Persons  Married,  Children  Born,  and  to  Decedents, 
in  Michigan  during  the  Year  1872,  according  to  the  returns. 


NATIVITY       OF 
INHABITANTS,    OF 

To  100  Inhabitants,  June  1,  1870 : 

PERSONS    MAR- 
RIED,   OF    DECE- 

Persons Married, 
1872. 

Children  Born, 

1872. 

Deaths,  1872. 

DENTS,  AND    OF 
PARENTS  OF  CHIL- 
DREN BORN.* 

3 

o 

• 
OB 

"3 

• 
OB 

i 

© 

■ 

3 

O 

• 

i 

i 
1 

• 

o 

• 
IB 

*3 

• 

a 

Foreign................. 

1.29 
1.84 

1.26 
1.21 

1.88 
1.51 

1.41 
8.66 

1.41 
8.89 

1.89 
8.96 

1.18 
.81 

1.20 

.88 

1.15 
.71 

*  In  persons  married,  and  in  parents,  the  nativity  includes  only  cases  where  both 
parties  are  "  Native  "  or  "  Foreign." 


XV111  SIXTH  BEGISTBATION  BEPOBT. 

It.  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  Native  Inhabitants 
include  nearly  all  the  children,  whether  born  of  native  or  of 
foreign  parents. 

Exhibits  G  and  D  are  new  ones,  compiled  in  attempting  to 
answer  questions  asked  of  the  Superintendent  of  Vital  Statis- 
tics by  those  engaged  in  studying  the  comparative  conditions 
and  relations  of  the  native  and  of  the  foreign  born  inhabit- 
ants of  this  country.  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the  facts 
cannot  well  be  learned  from  the  meagre  statements  relating  to 
this  subject  provided  for  in  our  present  law  for  the  collection 
of  vital  statistics.  Much  money  has  been  appropriated  and 
used  by  this  State  in  encouraging  immigration,  and  still  the 
numerous  questions  as  to  comparative  sickness  and  death-rates, 
insanity,  defectives,  pauperism  and  crime  among  native  and 
foreign-born  inhabitants  remain  in  great  part  to  be  answered. 
It  will  be  a  long  time  before  any  real  knowledge  will  be  se- 
cured, unless  better  provision  is  made  for  perfecting  the  laws 
for  the  collection  of  Vital  Statistics. 

If  we  can  believe  the  statistics,  the  birth-rate  is  much 
greater  and  the  death-rate  much  less  among  the  foreign  than 
among  the  native-born  inhabitants  of  this  State;  but  this  is 
probably  because  the  foreign-born  are  nearly  all  at  the  repro- 
ductive middle  ages,  and  at  such  ages  the  death-rate  is  always 
small,  compared  with  that  at  other  ages.  There  are  as  yet  no 
data  which  will  permit  of  comparisons  of  death-rates  of  chil- 
dren born  of  native  and  of  foreign-born  parents  in  Michigan. 
Exhibits  0  and  D  should  be  studied  with  caution.  They 
are  not  offered  as  conclusive  on  any  point,  but  only  as  contri- 
butions to  the  study,  in  the  hope  of  stimulating  research,  and 
that  by  indicating  some  of  the  uses  therefor,  they  may  tend 
toward  securing  more  complete  statistics. 


BIBTHS,  DBATHS,  AND  EX0B88  OB  BIBXHB.  XIX 


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XXIV 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 


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XXVI 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  E.— Births  and  Deaths  for  the  Years  1871  and 
1872  Not  elsewhere  Included  in  the  compilation  ;  because  of 
having  occurred  Out  of  this  State,  or  having  been  returned 
in  Two  Counties,  and  only  compiled  for  One  county. 


Births  im  1S71 
mot  Compiled. 

Deaths  im  1871 
mot  Compiled. 

Births  im  1872 
mot  Compiled. 

Deaths  im  1872 
not  Compiled. 

STATE 

AMD 

COL'NTIBS. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

o 

00 

S3 
1" 

O 

Retnrned  in  two 
Coanties. 

State 

278 

9 

76 

13 

288 

2 

98 

15 

Alcona 

1 
2 

Allegan 

is 

2 

2 

Antrim 

1 

Barry 

7 
17 

2 
1 

8 

50 
2 
9 
5 
8 
4 
1 

8 
5 
2 

8 
2 
5 
6 

Benzie  .... 

Berrien 

Branch _„„ 

8 
7 
1 
8 

1 

9 
2 
1 

1 
1 

1 

Calhoan 

Cass 

1 

Charlevoix 

Cheboygan 

Chippewa 

1 

Clare „ 

1 
4 

Clinton .... 

Delta 

7 
5 
4 



1 
1 
1 

1 

Eaton 

2 

Genesee 

8 

7 
7 
4 

4 

8 

Grand  Traverse 

1 

1 
I 
2 
1 
1 

1 

GratloL 

Hillsdale 

Huron.. 

1 
8 
1 
4 

8 

5 

10 

11 

I 

BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS. 


XXVII 


EXHIBIT   E.— Continued.— Births  and  Deaths, 

Not  elsetvhere  Compiled. 


Bibthb   in   187 1 
mot  Compiled. 

Deaths  in  1871 
mot  Compiled. 

Bibthb  in  1S72 
mot  Compiled. 

Deaths  im  1872 
mot  Compiled. 

COUNTIES. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  ootof 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

1 
1 

1 

2 

1 
1 

2 

2 

Isabella 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

8 

10 

9 

1 

8 

4 

1 
1 

1 
11 

8 

1 

1 
8 
2 

1 
1 

Kent 

28 

4 

4 

86 

9 

1 

Lapeer.... 

T 
1 

IT 
8 

1 
1 

18 
5 

- 

2 
1 
6 
2 

Leelanaw. ..... 

Livingston 

Mackinac. 

1 

1 

9 
2 

1 
1 

Macomb  

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

2 

Manistee 

Manitou 

Marquette 

Mason ..... 

5 
9 

Mecosta ... 

1 

Menominee.... 

1 

Midland 

Missaukee ..... 

Monroe 

Montcalm 

4 
6 
16 
5 
8 

1 

4 
1 
8 

5 

5 

10 

1 

Muskegon 

Oakland 

4 

8 

1 

XXVU1 


SIXTH  BEGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  E.— Continued.— Births  and  Deaths, 

Not  elsewhere  Compiled. 


BlBTHS    IN  1871 
NOT  COMPILED. 

Deaths  in  1871 
not  Compiled. 

Births  in  1872 
NOT  Compiled. 

Deaths  in  1872 
not  Compiled. 

COUNTIES. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Betnrned  in  two 
Counties. 

Occurred  out  of 
Michigan. 

Returned  in  two 
Counties. 

Oceana . .. 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

■ 

2 
4 

1 
1 

Ottawa . . 

2 

1 

Sanilac. 

2 
2 

1 

6 
1 

l 

Shiawassee 

St.  Clair 

St.  Joseph..... 

2 

10 
8 
6 
8 
7 

28 

•■•    •• 

1 
2 
1 

1 
1 

4 
10 
5 
8 
2 
2 
1 

2 

4 

1 

Tuscola........ 

1 

8 
8 
8 
8 

Van  Buren 

Washtenaw 

Wayne 

5 
2 

1 

Wexford 

BIRTHS. 


The  total  number  of  births  returned  as  having  occurred  in 
Michigan  dnring  the  year  1872  was  27,993.  It  is  well  known, 
however,  that  by  the  present  system  of  enumerating  not  all 
births  are  recorded.  The  method  of  correction  used  and  ex- 
plained in  the  previous  Report  has  again  been  applied,  and  by 
that  means  it  is  found  that  the  number  of  births  which  prob- 
ably occurred  in  this  State  dnring  the  year  under  considera- 
tion, was  43,053,  as  shown  in  the  fourth  line  of  Exhibit  A  on 
a  following  page.  If  the  28  returned  with  month  of  occur- 
rence not  stated  be  included,  the  whole  number  is  43,081. 
The  number  actually  returned  is  64.98  per  cent,  of  this 
number. 

Stated  in  the  ordinary  popular  manner  the  average  number 
of  births  may  be  specified  as  follows : 

Average  No.  of  Children.  As  Returned.  As  Corrected. 

Per  quarter 6,998.25 10,770.25 

Per  month 2,332.75 3,590.08 

Per  week 538.33 828.48 

Per  day 76.48 117.71 

Table  I.  exhibits  the  actual  number  and  proportion  of  births 
returned  as  having  occurred  during  each  quarter  of  the  year 
1872,  and  also  of  each  of  the  four  years  preceding. 

Prom  this  table  it  will  be  seen  that  for  the  year  1872  a 
greater  number  of  births  were  returned  than  for  any  previous 
year.  At  first  thought,  one  might  think  that  this  would  nec- 
essarily be  true, — that  as  the  population  of  the  State  increases 
and  the  system  of  registration  becomes  better  understood,  the 


%  8IXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 

number  of  births  would  constantly  increase  each  year ;  but 
the  table  shows  that  the  next  greatest  number  of  births  was 
returned  for  the  year  1869,  and  that  the  number  for  1871  was 
even  less  than  for  3870.  So  far  as  the  registration  returns 
indicate,  it  seems,  then,  that  there  are  wide-spread  and  impor- 
tant causes  which  very  materially  influence  the  birth-rate.  It 
has  been  noticed  in  previous  Reports  that  there  are  causes 
tending  to  render  the  births  uniform  by  seasons  of  the  year, 
that  the  birth-rate  is  probably  controlled  largely  by  climatic 
conditions.  Comparing  the  years  with  each  other,  it  will  be 
seen  that  since  registration  has  been  in  operation  in  this  State 
there  is  a  marked  difference  in  the  number  of  births  in  the 
different  years.  When  these  statistics  have  been  collected  for  a 
sufficient  number  of  years  it  will  be  interesting  to  study  whether 
the  increased  or  decreased  birth-rate  sustains  any  constant 
relation  to  climatic  differences  in  the  several  years,  as  it  has 
been  found  to  do  to  seasons  of  the  year. 

TABLE  I. — Births  by  Quarters  of  the  Year,  exhibiting  the 
Number  and  Per  Gent  of  Totals  for  the  years  1868, 1869, 
1870, 1871,  and  1872,  according  to  the  Returns. 


TOTAL8  AND 
MONTHS  WITH 
WHICH  QUAR- 
TERS END. 


Totals. 


March. 

Jane 

September. 
December.. 
Unknown.. 


Average* 


1868. 


25,020 


8,501 

•5,909 

6,924 

6,628 

»     68 


6,255 


S3 


100.00 


21.98 
28.61 
27.67 
26.49 
.28 


1869. 


S 

ua 


27,098 


5,415 
6,848 
7,888 
7,881 
66 


25.00    6,774 


S3 


100.00 


19.98 
28.48 
29.09 
27.24 
.24 


25.00 


1870. 


1 


26,668 


5,440 
6,491 
7,500 
7,100 
182 


6,665 


8* 


100.00 


20.49 
24.84 
28.12 
26.62 
.49 


25.00 


1871. 


.0 


25,992 


5,412 
5,848 
7,225 
7,446 
66 


6,493 


§ 


m 

3 

3 


fee 


100.00 


20.82 
22.48 
27.79 
28.64 
.25 


25.00 


1872. 


I 


27,998 


5,868 
6,784 
7,948 
7,870 
28 


6,998 


100.00 


20.96 
24.28 
28.87 
26.88 
.10 


25.00 


•  See  notea  to  month  of  April  and  Unknown,  in  Table  II. 

*  The  number  in  nnknown  quarter  of  year  Included. 


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4  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

The  exceptionally  email  birth-rate  in  Michigan,  daring 
the  year  1871,  was  probably  connected  with  the  exception- 
ally large  death-rate  daring  the  last  six  months  of  the 
year  1870.  The  decreased  number  of  births  in  1871  was 
particularly  noticeable  for  the  months  of  April,  May,  Jane* 
and  Jaly.  The  conceptions  for  births  in  these  months 
occurred  mainly  in  the  months  of  July,  August,  September, 
and  October,  1870.  By  referring  to  the  table  of  Deaths  by 
Months,  it  will  be  seen  that  an  unusual  number  and  propor- 
tion of  deaths  were  returned  as  having  occurred  in  those 
months.  As  we  do  not  know  the  exact  number  of  inhabitants 
in  each  year,  we  cannot  compare  the  birth  or  death  rates  accu- 
rately by  years.  If  we  add  together  the  deaths  for  the  years 
1869  and  1871  and  divide  the  sum  by  two,  we  find  an  average 
of  9,436  as  a  probable  number  to  have  occurred  in  1870.  The 
number  returned  for  that  year  was  10,766,  or  1,330  more  than 
the  average  of  the  preceding  and  succeeding  years.  Treating 
the  births  in  the  same  manner,  we  find  that  the  births  returned 
for  1871  were  1,336  less  than  the  average  of  the  preceding  and 
succeeding  years.  The  very  close  correspondence  between  the 
numbers  by  which  the  deaths  in  1 870  were  increased,  and  the 
births  in  1871  diminished,  is  probably  only  a  singular  coinci- 
dence, for  there  is  no  necessarv  connection  of  such  close  char- 
acter  between  an  increased  death-rate  at  all  ages  and  a  de- 
creased birth-rate.  In  fact,  in  last  Report,  on  page  98,  mention 
was  made  of  what  seemed  to  be  evidence  that  the  birth-rate 
was  increased  by  epidemics  of  cholera.  It  may  be  true  that 
while  the  prevalence  of  certain  diseases  tends  to  increase,  cer- 
tain others  tend  to  materially  decrease  the  birth-rate.  The 
question  is  worthy  of  study,  not  only  for  the  advancement  of 
our  knowledge  relative  to  conditions  unfavorable  to  reproduc- 
tion, but  because  it  may  add  to  our  knowledge  of  the  essential 
nature  of  certain  diseases,  and  thus  aid  efforts  for  their  pre- 
vention. 

In  Exhibit  1  may  be  seen  the  diseases  to  which  the  in- 
creased death-rate  in  1870  was  mainly  due,  and  whether  the 
death-rate  was  greater  therefrom  in  the  months  of  July, 
August,  September,  and  October,  1870,  than  in  the  same 


BIRTHS. 


5 


months  of  1869  and  1871.  The  greater  part  of  the  increased 
mortality  seems  to  have  been  in  those  months,  and  the  most 
prominent  diseases  from  which  it  resulted  were  scarlet  fever, 
consumption,  typhoid  fever,  dysentery,  diarrhea,  and  diseases 
of  the  bowels  and  brain. 

EXHIBIT  L  —  Relative  to  certain  Deaths  in  1869,  1870, 
and  1871;  Exhibited  because  of  decreased  Conceptions  in 
Months  of  July,  August,  September,  and  October  of  the 
Year  1870. 


CAUSES  07 

Death. 

9  *-> 
3  • 
S  > 

M  ° 

Excess  in  187 
over  1871. 

Brain  disease 

10 

41 

7 

IS 

12 

11 

Fits 

18 
78 

88 

Cholera  Infantum 

62 

Cholera  Morbus.. 

9 

14 

Enteritis. 

69 

3 

Diarrhea......... 

88 
18 

85 

Diarrhea,  Chronic 

6 

Dysentery 

87 

201 

Fever,  Bilious... 

24 

10 

Fever,  Intermit.. 

21 

23 

Fever,  Typhoid.. 

187 

217 

Scarlet  Fever 

600 

166 

Puerperal  Fever. 

14 

9 

Inflam.  of  (Tterns 

8 

6 

Consumption 

218 

148 

Scrofula ......... 

5 

18 

22 

Dyspepsia _ 

17 

Liver  Disease 

26 

6 

Total 

1,890 

1,076 

All  Causes... 

1,621 

1,088 

Certain  Months  or  1869  and  1871  nr  which  thibb 

WEKE  A  LESS  NUMBKK  OP  DEATHS  THAN  1ST 
SAME  MONTHS  07  1870. 


July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  and  Oct,  1869;  Aug.  and  Sept,  1871. 

July  and  Sept,  1869;  July,  Aug.,  and  Sept,  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oot,  1869  and  1871. 

July  and  Aug.,  1869 ;  July,  Aug.,  and  Sept,  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1671. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1871. 

Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  and  Sept,  1869,  and  Oct.,  1871. 

July,  Sept.,  and  Oct,  1869 ;  8ept  and  Oct.,  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept.,  and  Oct.,  1869  and  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  187J . 

July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1871. 

Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869 ;  July  and  Aug.,  1871 .' 

Aug.  and  Oct,  1869 ;  July  and  Oct,  1871. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1871. 

July  and  Oct.,  1869;  July,  Sept,  and  Oct,  1S71. 

Aug.,  Sept,  and  Oct.,  1869;  July,  Aug.,  Sept,  and 

Oct.,  1871. 
July,  Aug.,  and  Oct.,  1869 ;  July  and  Oct,  1871. 


July,  Aug.,  Sept.,  and  Oct,  1869  and  1871. 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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fquatixid to  uniform  length  of 30.44  days  1 


__  I        Monthl  of  Births  at  tofi,  and  j&Ktkl  -/  C, 


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Designed  by  Henry  B.  Baker. 


BIRTHS.  9 

In  the  Fourth.  Registration  Report  a  diagram  (No.  1)  was 
published,  exhibiting  the  births  by  months  for  the  years  1868, 

1869,  and  1870.  In  the  Report  for  1871  no  such  diagram  ap- 
peared, and  it  was  not  until  Diagram  No.  1  in  this  Report  was 
constructed  that  the  peculiar  falling  off  of  births  in  April,  May, 
June,  and  July,  1871,  was  made  particularly  noticeable.  This 
is  why  it  is  studied  in  this  Report,  and  it  is  a  slight  example 
of  one  of  the  aids  received  from  graphic  illustrations. 

By  Diagram  No.  1  in  this  Report,  it  will  be  seen  that 
although  there  seems  to  have  been  some  relation  between  the 
deaths  in  the  months  of  July,  August,  September  and  October, 

1870,  and  the  births  in  1871,  there  is  not,  as  a  rule,  any  very 
close  relation  between  the  births  and  the  deaths  by  months. 
It  is  very  probable,  however,  that  a  closer  relation  would 
appear  if  the  same  proportion  of  the  births  and  deaths  were 
returned  for  all  of  the  months.  This  is  evident  from  a  table 
and  diagram,  constructed  for  study  in  this  office  but  not  yet 
published,  similar  to  Exhibit  2  and  Diagram  No.  1,  except 
that  the  births  and  deaths  were  corrected  for  omissions  in 
enumeration.  It  will  be  seen  from  Diagram  No.  1,  that  the 
marriages  also  were  decreased  in  the  months  of  August,  Sep- 
tember, October,  November,  and  December,  1870;  but  the 
decrease  is  not  sufficient  to  account  for  the  entire  decrease  of 
the  births.  The  increased  death-rate  may,  in  this  instance, 
account  for  the  decrease  of  both  marriages  and  births.  The 
marriages  in  each  year,  from  July  to  the  following  March, 
seem  to  bear  a  general  relation  to  the  fruitful  conceptions; 
otherwise  they  appear  to  be  differently  influenced  by  the  con- 
ditions connected  with  season  of  year. 

The  same  principle  of  correction  employed  in  the  previous 
Report  is  applied  to  the  births  returned  for  the  year  1872,  and 
the  results  may  be  seen  in  Exhibits  A,  B,  and  0.  The  correc- 
tion is  based  upon  the  evidence  that  omissions  occur  in  pro- 
portion to  the  time  which  elapses  before  the  enumeration  is 
made  by  the  Supervisors.    It  is  assumed  that  the  relation 

2 


10  SIXTH   REGIST RATION   REPORT. 

between  the  numbers  of  births  for  December,  1871,  and  Janu- 
ary, 1872,  would  be  the  same  as  was  found  for  December,  1869, 
and  January,  1870,  by  the  census  of  June  1, 1870,  if  the  enu- 
meration was  made  in  the  same  manner  as  it  was  by  the 
•ensus.  Inasmuch  as  the  births  in  December  are  enumerated 
after  the  lapse  of  about  the  same  time  as  passed  before  the 
enumeration  for  that  month  by  the  census,  and  as  just  one 
year  is  allowed  to  pass  after  the  enumeration  of  the  births  in 
December  before  the  births  for  the  following  month  of  Janu- 
ary are  enumerated,  the  per  centum  by  which  the  births 
returned  should  be  increased  for  omissions  due  to  one  years' 
time  is  found  as  follows: 

TOTAL   BIRTHS. 

Census.  Registration. 


t ■ K ^ 


Dec,  1869    :    Jan.,  1870    :    :    Dec,  1871    :    Jan.,  1872 
3,003        :        3,305        :     :        2,639         :      x=2,904. 

The  number  returned  for  January,  1872,  was  1,774,  which 
subtracted  from  2,904  leaves  1,130,  which  is  63.69  per  cent,  of 
the  number  returned.  This  is  the  per  cent,  by  which  the 
total  births  returned  are  to  be  increased  for  omissions  because 
of  one  years'  time  between  occurrence  and  enumeration.  The 
births  are  believed  to  be  mainly  enumerated  by  the  Supervis- 
ors in  May,  so  that  the  births  in  May,  1872,  were  enumerated 
just  one  year  after  that  time.  The  total  births  returned  for 
that  month  are  therefore  increased  by  63.69  per  cent.,  and  the 
births  for  the  other  months  are  increased  in  proportion  to  the 
time  between  the  months  of  occurrence  and  enumeration. 
The  application  and  results  of  this  correction  may  be  studied 
in  Exhibit  A. 

The  average  per  cent,  to  be  added  to  the  total  births,  by  the 
correction  in  Exhibit  A,  is,  theoretically,  55.74.  Practically, 
the  births  are  increased  thereby  53.95  per  cent.  This  slight 
discrepancy  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  numbers  of  births 
returned  for  those  months  where  the  per  cent,  is  greatest  are 
less  than  for  the  months  where  the  per  cent,  is  least.  The 
smallest  numbers  being,  as  a  rule,  multiplied  by  the  largest 
per  cent.,  the  correction  is  slightly  lessened  thereby. 


BIRTHS.  11 

Inasmuch  as  the  omissions  in  enumeration  may  be  greater 
for  one  sex  than  for  the  other,  the  correction  for  the  total 
births  has  not  been  assumed  to  be  that  for  each  sex.  The 
correction  to  be  applied  to  the  births  of  males  was  obtained  as 
follows : 

BIRTHS    OF    MALES. 

Census.  Registration. 


Dec,  1869    :    Jan.,  1870.    :  :    Dec,  1871    :    Jan.,  1872. 
1,518         :        1,734         :  :        1,414         :     x=l,615. 

The  number  of  births  of  males  returned  for  January,  1872, 
was  910,  which  subtracted  from  1,615  leaves  705,  which  is 
77.47  per  cent,  of  the  number  returned ;  and  that  per  cent,  is 
to  be  added  to  the  births  for  May  as  previously  explained, 
because  their  enumeration  is  one  year  after  the  month  of 
their  occurrence.  The  continuation  of  this  correction  will  be 
found  in  Exhibit  B. 

The  correction  for  the  births  of  females  was  found  as  fol- 
lows : 

BIRTHS    OF    FEMALES. 

Census.  Registration. 


Dec,  1869    :    Jan.,  1870.   :  :   Dec,  1871.    :    Jan.,  1872. 
1,485         :         1,571        :  :        1,220         :      x=1.291. 

The  number  of  births  of  females  returned  for  January,  1872, 
was  863,  which  subtracted  from  1,291  leaves  428,  which  is 
49.59  per  cent,  of  the  number  returned.  The  births  of  females 
returned  for  May  are  therefore  to  be  increased  by  49.59  per 
cent.  The  application  and  results  of  this  correction  are  to  be 
found  in  Exhibit  C. 

The  population  of  this  State  is  constantly  increasing.  The 
births  have  therefore  to  be  "equalized  for  increase  of  popula- 
tion" in  order  to  judge  of  the  real  birth-rate  by  months.  The 
calendar  months  being  of  unequal  length,  in  order  that  a  just 
comparison  may  be  made  of  the  births  by  months,  they  must 
be  "equalized  to  months  of  uniform  length ;"  and,  that  the 
births  for  the  year  may  not  thereby  be  made  to  appear  mate- 
rially different,  the  months  are  made  to  include  30.44  days, — 
one-twelfth  of  a  year. 


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16 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  III. — Exhibiting  the  Relation  between  the  Births 
Returned  as  having  occurred  in  Michigan  during  the  Year 
1872,  and  the  Marriages  solemnized  in  the  Months  of  the 
Years  1871  and  1872  in  which  the  conceptions  probably 
occurred.  (Births  in  unknown  Month,  of  Children  of 
unknown  Sex,  and  Marriages  in  unknown  Month  excluded.) 


Births  fob  1872  Equalized  to  Months  of  80.44  Dats  Each,  isr 
Obdsb  by  Number,— «beat»t  fibst. 


• 

Bibthb.  * 

Concbftxohs. 

Year  and  Months. 

Number. 

Months. 

Year. 

Tear.... 

27,826 

August.... ............. 

2.760 
2.745 

3,528 
2,876 
2,875 
2.866 

March b 

1871 

September............. 

1871 

December.............. 

1872 

November. 

1879 

October 

July 

1872 
1871 

Average ............. 

2.819 

• 

April 

*  2,280 
2.275 
2,285 
2,151 
1,994 
1.741 

July b 

May 

April b 

1871 

June 

1871 

May 

1871 

March 

1871 

February .............. 

1871 

January 

1671 

No.  of  Mar- 

riasres  from 
April.  1871, 
to  March, 
1872,  equal- 
ised  to 
months  of 
80.44  days 
each. 


9,98$ 


96S 

1.06T 

814 

726 

790 
959 


882 


868 
845 
698 
640 
785 
888 


•  Excluding  births  in  unknown  months  and  of  unknown  sex,— 106,  and  61  lost  in 
equalizing.    (See  fodt-note  "  •  "  to  Exhibit  O.) 

b  Exceptions  to  statement  that  mors  than  an  average  number  of  conceptions  appear 
for  months  in  which  mors  than  an  average  number  of  marriages  were  solemnized,  and 
less  than  an  average  number  of  conceptions  in  months  in  which  less  than  an  average 
number  of  marriages  were  solemnized. 


Table  III.  and  Exhibit  E  are  similar  to  those  in  last  Report. 
They  bear  upon  the  question  as  to  the  extent  of  physiological 
influences  in  modifying  the  marriage  rate,  by  seasons,  as  well 
as  the  influence  of  increased  marriage  rate  upon  the  birth-rate. 
Im  this  instance  the  relation  seems  to  be  closer  after  the  cor- 


BIRTHS. 


17 


rection,  which  is  taken  account  of  in  the  Exhibit,  but  not  in 
Table  III.  Diagram  No.  1  exhibits  the  relation  as  it  is  before 
the  correction  is  made.  A  diagram  exhibiting  the  relation  as 
it  appears  after  corrections  have  been  made,  has  been  con- 
structed and  studied,  but  is  not  published. 

EXHIBIT  E. — The  Relation  between  the  Births  in  Michigan 
during  the  Year  1872,  Corrected  for  Omissions  in  Enumer- 
ating^ and  the  Marriages  solemnized  in  the  Months  of  the 
Years  1871  and  1872,  in  which  the  conceptions  probably 
occurred.  (Births  in  unknown  Month,  of  Children  of 
unknown  Sex,  and  Marriages  in  unknown  Month  excluded.) 


Bibthsfob  1872,  Corrected  as  if  Enumerated  in  Months  of  Occur- 
ben  ce,  Equalized  to  Months  of  uniform  lenqth,  in  obdbb  bt 
Number,— greatest  first. 

No.  of  Mar- 
riages from 
April.  1871, 
to  March, 
1872,  equal- 
ized to 
Months   of 

Births.  » 

Conceptions. 

Year  and  Months. 

Number. 

Months. 

Year. 

30.44  days 
each. 

Year 

42,958 

9,9S8 

4,081 
8,908 
8,869 
8,763 
3,678 
3,686 
S,609 
3,&98 

November. 

December 

October 

September _.. 

1S71 
1S71 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 

906 

September 

1,067 

April 

863 

March 

640 

May 

696 

July 

959 

.Tnne . . _  ,  XTr 

845 

Webmary 

735 

Average 

8,580 

832 

October 

8,267 
3,225 
8,201 
8,138 

April * 

1872 
1871 
1872 
1872 

790 

January . . 

888 

December. ..... 

614 

November. 

726 

*  Births  in  unknown  months  and  of  children  of  unknown  sex  excluded. 

*  Exceptions  to  statement  that  more  than  an  average  number  of  conceptions  appear 
for  months  in  which  more  than  an  average  number  of  marriages  were  solemnized,  and 
less  than  an  average  number  of  cod cep lions  in  months  in  which  less  than  an  average 
number  of  marriages  were  solemnized. 


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BIRTHS  BY  COUNTIES. 


31 


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32 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  V. — Exhibiting,  by  Color  and  by  Sex,  the  Population 
of  Michigan  June  1,  1870,  the  Number  of  Children  born 
in  the  State  during  the  Tear  1872,  the  Per  Cent  of  Chil- 
dren bom  in  1872  to  Population  in  1870,  the  Number  of 
Women  aged  18  to  Jfi,  the  Per  Cent,  of  Births  to  Women  at 
such  child-bearing  ages,  the  Per  Cent,  of  Children  of  each 
Sex  to  the  total  Number  born  of  both  Sexes,  and  the  Number 
of  Inhabitants  to  each  Child  born  of  the  same  Color.  (Still- 
births included.) 


COLOR 

OR 

RACE. 

Sex. 

Popalation  Jnne 
1,  1870,  repre- 
sented by  births 

1S72. 

Children  born  in 
1872. 

Per  Cent,  of  Chil- 
dren to  inhabit- 
ants, by  sex. 

Women,  Jnne  1. 
1870,  aged  18  and 
nnder  45  years.  » 

Per  cent,  of  chil- 
dren to  women 
aged  18  to  45. 

Per  cent,  of  each 
sex  to  children 
of  both  sexes. 

No.  of  inhabitants 
to  one  child  born 
of  the  same  color. 

All  Colors 

'  Total.... 

Males 

Females . 

.  Unknown 

1,169,858 

609,994 

.  559,859 

27,993 

14,457 

18,453 

S3 

2.898 
2.870 
2.405 

230,590 

12.140 

51.80 
48.20 

41.77 

'  Total.... 
Males 

Females  .. 
.  Unknown 
'  Total.... 

Males 

Females . 

Unknown 

'  Total.... 

Males 

Females . 
.  Unknown 
r  Total.... 

Males 

Females . 
.  Unknown 

1,158,177 
601,578 
551,599 

27,535 

14,225 

13,241 

69 

124 

67 

56 

1 

59 
32 
2T 

2.896 
2.864 
2.400 

12.112 

51.79 
48.21 

41.  S8 

White m 

227,331 

5,515 
8,043 
2,472 

2.248 
2.201 
2.265 

44.4$ 

54.47 
45.53 

Black -| 

6,197 
8,128 
8,069 

.095 

1.023 

.0S7 

105.03 

54.24 

45.76 

Mulatto -| 

4,464 
2,245 
2,219 

170 

82 

87 

1 

8.808 
8.652 
8.920 

18.221 

48.52 
51.48 

26.26 

983 

•  Number  ascertained  from  U.  8.  Census  of  1870,  Vital  Statistics  Vol.,  pp.  560  U 
669. 


BIRTHS  BT  COLOR. 


33 


TABLE  V.— Continued. 

COLOB 

OB 

BACB. 

Sex. 

Population  Jane 
1,  1870,  repre- 
sented by  births 

1872. 

Children  born  in 

1872. 

Per  Cent,  of  Chil- 
dren to  Inhabit- 
ants, by  sex. 

Women,  Jane  1. 
1870,  aged  18  and 
under  45  years.* 

Per  Cent,  of  Chil- 
dren  to  women 
aged  18  to  45. 

Per  Cent,  of  each 
sex  to  children 
of  both  sexes. 

No.  of  inhabitants 
to  one  child  born 
ofthe  same  color. 

(*  Total.... 

Females . 
Unknown 

105 
51 
42 
12 

64.81 
46.16 

Unkno'n  colore - 

Black  and  Mu- 
latto. *» H 

Total.... 

Males 

Females . 
Unknown 

11.712 

6,171 
5,641 

188 

99 

83 

1 

1.562 
1.604 
1.498 

2,826 

7.86S 

64.40 
45.60 

64.00 

•  Number  ascertained  from  U.  8.  Census  of  1870,  Vital  Statistics  Volume,  pp.  660 
to  669. 
» Includes  all  of  African  descent. 


Table  V.  is  similar,  and  its  evidence  is  also  similar,  to  one 
in  last  Eeport.  Among  other  thirigs,  it  shows  that  the  birth- 
rate is  apparently  smaller  among  persons  of  African  descent, 
and  larger  among  Indians,  than  among  the  white  inhabitants 
of  this  State.  It  also  shows  what  has  been  noticed  in  the  two 
preceding  Eeports,  that  in  the  case  where  the  birth-rate  is 
largest  there  is  the  largest  proportion  of  female  children,  and 
where  the  birth-rate  is  smallest  there  is  the  smallest  proportion 
of  female  children. 
5 


34 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VI. — Exhibiting,  for  the  State  and  Counties  of  Mich- 
igan, by  Sex,  the  Population  June  1,  1870,  the  Per  cent  of 
Births  in  1872  to  Population  in  1870,  the  Number  of  Males 
to  100  Females  born  during  the  Year  1872,  and  by  Sex  and 
Color  the  Number  of  Children  born  during  the  Year  ending 
December  81, 1872.     (Stillbirths  included!) 


Number  of  males  to 
100  females,  t 

Sex. 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  total  of 
both  sexes. 

Population  June  1, 
1870,  represented  by 
births  in  1872.* 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  popula- 
tion of  same  sex. 

Color. 

STATE 

AND 

COUNTIES. 

Total  of  all 
colors. 

• 

i 

124 

• 

s 

3 

a 

59 
d 

i 

170 

• 

g 

e 

1 

f  Total 

1,169,288 

8.89 

27,998 

27,585 

10$ 

107 

Males 

Females... 

51.60 
43.20 

609,946 
659,887 

2.87 
2.41 

14,467 
18,458 

14,225 
18,241 

•67 

b56 

82 

27 

•  82 

'87 

61 
42 

88 

69 

«  1 

— 

t 

It 

f  Total 

100.00 
60.00 
00.00 

696 
898 
808 

4.60 
4.07 
6.28 

82 
16 
16 

82 
16 
16 

Alcona  $§ 

100- 

.Females... 

• 

•  m  m  m 

•  • 

...  . 

r  Total 

81,105 

2.14 

666 

662 

1 

8 

.... 

.*  .. 

Allegan  J... 

100- 
92- 

Females... 
Unknown.. 

60.28 
49.77 

16,488 
14,667 

2.08 
2.26 

883 

880 

8 

64 

26 

880 

829 

8 

54 

26 

1 

•  •  *  m 

82 

1 

.... 

rTotal.   ,    . 
Mai  es 

100.00 
48.16 

2,612 
1,628 

2.07 
1.69 

Alpena  1 

Females... 
Total 

61.86 
100.00 

984 
1,985 

2.86 
8.02 

28 
60 

28 

68 

«  .  ■    • 

•  m 

2 

m  mm  — 

140- 

68.88 

1,118 

8.18 

86 

88 

•  •  •  m 

.. 

2 

...- 

.Females... 
'Total 

41.67 
100.00 

867 
22,200 

2.8S 
2.09 

25 
468 

25 
461 

•  *  *  w 

2 

h 

.... 

*  ..« 

Barry 

112- 

62.92 

11,646 

2.10 

245 

248 

•  •  •  • 

2 

— - 

.»•• 

Females 

47.08 

10,664 

2.07 

218 

218 

*  Except  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  births  were  received, 
for  which  see  Table  XXI.  +The  fraction  is  omitted  in  each  case  in  this  column.  The 
plus  sign  may  be  understood  to  follow  each  statement.  %  No  returns  from  unorgam- 
tzed  county  of  Oscoda.  S  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births  i* 
1872.  See  Table  XXI.  »  4  "African,"  17  ''Colored,*'  8  "  Negro."  b  8  "African,"  11 
"  Colored."  °  "African."  <»  8  "  Octoroon."  «  8  White  and  Indian.  2  "  Creole,"  6 
"Copper-Colored,"  8  "Half-breeds,"  4  "Red."  '1  White  and  Indian,  1  "Creole," 
1  Half  White,  Half  Indian,  8 " Half-breeds,"  4 "Red."  «" Octoroon."  M  "Octo- 
roon." 


BIBTHS  BY  GOLOB. 


35 


TABLE  VL— Continued.— Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and 

by  Color. 


Number  of  males  to 
100  females,  t 

Sex. 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  total  of 
both  sexes. 

Population  June  1, 
1870.  represented  by 
births  in  1872.* 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  popula- 
tion of  same  sex. 

Color. 

COUNTIES. 

Total  of  all 
colors. 

• 

8 

• 

o 

O 
8 

• 

m 
d 

M 

2 

• 

% 

o 
a 

13 

[Total 

15,900 

5.27 

888 

888 

mmmm 

Bay 

96 

- 

Females... 

49.16 
60.84 

8,914 
6,986 

4.59 
6.05 

409 
428 

407 
421 

1 
2 

-- 

1 

m  m«« 

6 

T5 

5 
72 

2 

mm 

1 

1 

[Total 

100.00 

2,184 

8.48 

^mmm 

114 

68.88 

1,16S 

8.42 

40 

88 

1 

1 

.... 

---• 

.Females... 

46.67 

1,016 

8.44 

85 

84 

I 

[Total 

85,104 

1.91 

670 

668 

6 

1 

104- 

Males 

Females... 
Unknown.. 

51.12 

48.88 

18,063 
17,041 

1.S9 
1.92 

842 

827 

1 

511 

888 

824 

1 

510 

8 
8 

1 

.... 

•  *■•« 

[Total 

26,227 

1.95 

1 

120< 

Males 

Females... 
Unknown.. 

64.71 
45.29 

18,248 
12,979 

2.11 
1.73 

279 

281 

1 

641 

278 

281 

1 

628 

*  1 

Total 

100.00 

86,571 

1.75 

12 

4 

2 

«■  m  «« 

Calhoun . . 

115- 

Males 

68.51 

18,550 

1.85 

848 

887 

b6 

.Females... 

46.49 

18,021 

1.65 

298 

286 

6 

4 

2 

«»•« 

Total 

20,2S7 

1.67 

889 

828 

8 

7 

«M«m 

1 

Cassf 

107- 

Females ... 
Unknown. . 

51.79 

48.21 

10,519 

9,768 

1,65 
1.66 

174 

162 

8 

60 

168 

158 

2 

54 

o5 
b8 

6 
1 

h  *  m  « 

Total 

100.00 

1,542 

8.89 

1 

.. 

5 

_. 

Charlevoix  §.. 

114- 

1 
Males 

58.88 

850 

8.76 

82 

80 

.... 

*  m 

d2 

.... 

.Females... 

46.67 

692 

4.05 

28 

24 

1 

-- 

8 

*««  m 

*  Bxcept  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  births  were  received, 
for  which  see  Table  XXI.  t  The  fraction  is  omitted  in  each  case  in  this  column.  The 
plus  sign  may  be  understood  to  follow  each  statement.  $  Except  of  townships  not 
represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872.  See  Table  XXI.  »  "Colored."  *  2  "  Col- 
ored."   e  2  " Colored  "  and  2  "  Negro."    *  1  White  and  Indian. 


36 


8IXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VI. — Continued.— Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and 

by  Color. 


Nnmber  of  males  to 
100  females,  t 

Sex. 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  total  of 
both  sexes. 

Population  Jnne  1, 
1870,  represented  by 
Births  in  1872.  * 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  popula- 
tion of  same  sex. 

COLOB. 

COUNTIES. 

Total   of  all 
Colors. 

"3 

l 

• 

o 

,3 

0 

■  m 

• 

P 

.3 
8 

• 

(4 

O 
0 

M 

a 

ft 

[Total 

2,197 

8.87 

74 

70 

.... 

Cheboygan... 

97 

Males 

Females... 
Unknown 

49.82 
50.68 

1,285 
962 

2.91 
8.85 

86 

87 

1 

76 

88 

86 

1 

88 

•  l 

M  *  *  <■ 

-- 

b  2 
b  1 

.... 

1 

[Total 

100.00 

1,690 

4.50 

«  m  m  m 

.. 

48 

.... 

Chippewa 

123 -J  Males 

55.2  f> 

980 

4.52 

42 

16 

.... 

— 

c26 

.... 

[Females... 

44.74 

760 

4.47 

84 

17 

.... 

-- 

17 

-..- 

r  Total 

90 -J  Males 

[Females... 
(Total    

100.00 
47.87 
52.68 

100.00 
54.95 
45.05 

279 

285 

44 

22,851 
11,818 
11,038 

6.81 
8.80 
22.78 
2.25 
2.40 
2.10 

19 
9 

10 
515 
2S3 
282 

19 
9 

10 
515 
283 
282 

Claret 

Clinton. 

121- 

Males 

Females   __ 

Deltas 

25,163 

2.07 

522 

522 

112- 

Males 

Females... 
Unknown.. 

58.00 
47.00 

12,949 
12,214 

2.12 
1.99 

274 

248 

5 

51 

274 

248 

5 

18 

Baton  _ 

| 

Total 

100.00 

1,211 

4.21 

.... 

—  — 

88 

.... 

70- 

41.18 

629 

8.84 

21 

8 

.... 

-- 

18 

.... 

.Females... 

5S.82 

582 

5.15 

80 

5 

w  ««•  • 

.- 

d25 

.... 

Total 

88,895 

1.77 

599 

595 

8 

-. 

.... 

1 

Genesee 

107- 

Females... 

51.76 
48.24 

17,449 
16,446 

1.77 
1.75 

809 

288 

808 
.  287 

•  1 
•1 

Unknown.. 

2 
88 

82 

•  1 

-- 

1 

1 

• 

f 
1 

Total 

100.00 

4,448 

1.87 

•  ••  M 

Or.  Traverse. 

07 -j  Males 

49.40 

2,889 

1.72 

41 

40 

•  ••  • 

•  m 

»1 

.... 

1  Females . . 

50.60 

2,054 

2.04 

42 

42 

V 

•  Except  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  births  were  received, 
for  which  see  Table  XXI.  %  No  returns,  f  The  fraction  is  omitted  in  each  case 
in  this  colnmn.  The  plus  sign  may  be  understood  to  follow  each  statement.  J  Except 
of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872.  See  Table  XXI.  '"Col- 
ored." b  rt  Creole."  c  6  "  Copper  colored."  d  1  Half  white,  half  Indian.  •  "African." 
'  While  and  Indian. 


BIRTHS  BY   COLOR. 


3? 


TABLE  VL — Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and 

by  Color. 


COUNTIES. 


Gratiot 


Hillsdale. 


Houghton*. 


Huron... 


Ingham 


Ionta 


Iosco  t  S- 


Isabella , 


2 
3 

si 
is 


Sex. 


o  o 

•  M  H 
~  2  ® 

P  00  OB 

fcSo 


a  «• 
_  «ooo 

a)  lu  w 

P  C    4-> 


104 


101 


974 


122 


m- 


fTotal 

Hales 

.Females  ... 
r  Total 

Males 

Females ... 

Total 

Males 

Females... 
.Unknown.. 

Total 

Males 

Females... 

Total 

Males 

Females... 

.Unknown.. 
fTotal 


100.00 
51.00 
49.00 

100.00 
60.28 
49.72 


°.2I 

owS 
g«o 

£3s 


49.24 
50.76 


Males. 


107-1 

Females. 

.  Unknown 

I  Total 
Males 
Females ... 
["Total 

I  Males 

1084 

Females ... 

[  Unknown.. 


100.00 
55.11 
44.89 


11,808 

6,189 

5,619 

81,683 

16,104 

15,584 

11,718 

6,640 

5,078 


58.98 
46.07 


51.77 
48.23 


9,048 

5,086 

4,012 

25,268 

18,096 

12,172 


27,675 
14,452 
18,228 


100.00 
68.24 
86.76 


51.97 
48.08 


2,699 
1,576 
1,128 
4,118 
2,211 
1,902 


8 

a-3 


2.97 
2.89 
8.06 
1.71 
1.70 
1.73 
8.95 
8.42 
4.61 


8.57 
8.53 
8.61 
2.17 
2.25 
2.07 


2.25 
2.22 
2.26 


2.52 
2.78 
2.28 
8.11 
2.99 
8.21 


851 
179 
172 
548 
273 
270 
468 
227 
284 
2 
828 
178 
145 
519 
295 
252 
2 
622 
821 
299 
2 
68 
48 
25 
128 
66 
61 
1 


Color. 


850 
178 
172 
548 
278 
270 
451 
224 
225 

2 
823 
178 
145 
546 
293 
251 

2 
620 
821 
299 


s 

a 


o 

s 

0 


8 
c2 
o  1 


11 
•  8 
b  8 


67 
42 
25 
108 
55 
52 
1 


16 

7 


•  m  «  « 


*  Except  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  births  were  received, 
for  which  see  Table  XXI.  t  The  fraction  is  omitted  in  each  case  in  this  column.  The 
plus  sign  may  be  understood  to  follow  each  statement.  X  Except  of  townships  not 
represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872.  %  Includes  population  or  unorganized  county 
of  Ogemaw.   *  " Half-breeds.11  b  7  "Half-breeds."  «  "Colored."  d  l  White  and  Indian. 


SIXTU   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


TAPS  .K  V  \-  -Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,t 
by  Color. 


100-i  Mslcs 

f  Total 


L  Unknown. 

I  Total 
Make 
Females  .. 

Total.. 

Hales.. 
104- 
V- 

[Total 

8*  j  Males 


I  Total 
Moles.... 

f  Total 


L  Unknown. 


•Except  of  conntien  ana 
for  whkfi  Ke  Tabic  XXI. 
pine  slen  may  be  underlie 


nsalpa  from  wblch  n- 


BIRTHS  BY  COLOB. 


30 


TABLE  VI. — Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and 

by  Color. 


Number  of  males  to 
100  females,  t 

Skx. 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  total  of 
both  sexes. 

Population  June  1, 
1870.  represented  by 
births  in  1872.  * 

Percent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  popula- 
tion of  same  sex. 

Color. 

COUNTIES. 

Total   of  all 
Colors. 

• 
-** 

A 

• 

* 

s 

4 

• 

3 

0 

2 

* 

d 

Hi 

1 

P 

45,601 

1.76 

801 

792 

9 

114- 

Females ... 

58.82 
46.68 

22,916 
22,685 

1.86 
1.64 

426 

878 

2 

421 

870 

1 

8 
1 

1 
1 

WM 

1 
1 

t 

("Total 

100.00 

19,335 

1.97 

880 

880 

Livingston 

112-1  Males 

i 

l  Females... 

52.89 
47.11 

10,072 
9,268 

9.00 
1.98 

201 
179 

201 
179 

1 

Total 

100.00 

27,619 

2.00 

558 

652 

1 

Macomb .. 

Ill 

l  Females... 

58.58 
46.47 

14,096 
18,528 

2.10 

1.90 

296 
257 

296 
256 

1 

[Total 

100.00 

5,417 

4.48 

240 

240 

Manistee  $... 

122 

Males  ,   ... 
.Females... 

55.00 
45.00 

8,075 
2,842 

4.28 
4.61 

182 
108 

182 

ioa 

mmmm 

«  A 

mmmm 

[Total 

100.00 

891 

1.68 

15 

14 

•  w«« 

•  a 

1 

•  •-« 

Man!  ton...... 

.14- 

.Females... 

58.83 
46.67 

488 
408 

1.64 
1.74 

8 
7 

8 
6 

wa* 

m  «■ 

•1 

mmmm 

r  Total 

14,278 

8.98 

569 

566 

*  ^mm 

m  m 

1 

1 

121- 

Females... 

54.85 
45.15 

8,485 
5,798 

8.67 
4.42 

811 
256 

811 
255 

Marquette... 

*  •*  w 

«. 

b    1 

M  *  *«. 

• 

Unknown.. 

1 

148 

1 

("Total 

100.00 

8,266 

4.53 

146 

<■    ««  m 

mm 

2 

a*  mm 

M&snn  ,     T  _x 

94 

.Females... 

48.65 
51.85 

1,814 
1,452 

8.97 
5.28 

72 
76 

72 
74 

m  •  m  * 

m  — 

2 

.... 

f  Total 

100.00 

5,645 

8.08 

171 

169 

2 

Mecosta 

116- 

68.80 

8,061 

8.01 

92 

91 

c  1 

.Females... 

46.20 

2,584 

8.06 

79 

78 

«  1 

*  Except  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  births  were  received, 
for  which  see  Table  XXI.  t  The  fraction  is  omitted  in  each  case  in  this  column.  The 
plus  sign  may  be  understood  to  follow  each  statement.  $  No  returns.  §  Except  of 
townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872.  See  Table  kXXI.  •  ••  Red." 
*  White  and  Indian.      "African." 


ii 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


TABLE  VI— ( 


Continued.— Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and 

by  Color. 


•Bxetpt  0r  co  Li  nil 

pins  sign  msjbe  u 
ropreBaaied  by  re  to 


.  — nihlpifrom  whli 

;XI.  t  Tbo  fraction  i9  omlttad  !n  eact 
derstood  to  follow  each  guuemcnt.  : 
KerblrtbjinlBTl.    SoaTibloXXL.    • 


BIRTHS  BY  COLOR. 


41 


TABLE  VI. — Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and 

by  Color. 


Number  of  males  to 
100  females,  t 

Sex. 

Percent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  total  of 
both  sexes. 

Population  June  1, 
1870,  represented  by 
births  in  1872.  * 

Per  cent,  of  births  of 
each  sex  to  popula- 
tion of  same  sex. 

COLOB. 

COUNTIE8. 

f-4 

OS 
v  OB 

•5.2 

S 

•H 

o 

03 

s 

m 

O 

13 

• 

OS 

a 

1 

• 

t 

o 

a 

M 

a 

fTotal 

100.00 

2,846 

2.04 

5S 

57 

Ontonagon... 

152 

60.84 

1,430 

2.45 

85 

85 

.... 

.. 

j.--. 

.... 

Females... 

89.66 

1,416 

1.62 

23 

22 

w  ••• 

.. 

»   1 

•  ••  m 

fTotal 

100.00 

2,104 

5.04 

106 

106 

Osceola  % 

82- 

Females... 
fTotal 

45.28 
54.72 

1,167 

937 

26,650 

4.11 
6.19 
2.98 

4S 

5S 

T80 

48 

58 

776 

8 

1 

•  «  w 

m  m  b  m 

119 

85- 

Males 

Females ... 

54.44 
45.56 

14,050 
12,600 

8.01 
2.$1 

428 

854 

8 

26 

12 

419 

854 

8 

26 

12 

b8 

1 

«  ■  •  V 

*  ■■  *  w 

fTotal 

Males 

100.00 
46.15 

855 
229 

7.82 
5.24 

Presque  Islet 

Females... 

58.85 

126 
89,098 

11.11 
8.18 

14 
1,224 

14 
1,218 

1 

1 

4 

Saginaw  .  .. 

100- 
93- 

Females ... 
Unknown.. 

50.04 
49.96 

21,064 
18,084 

2.90 
8.88 

610 
609 
5 
485 
212 
228 
13 

608 
608 

2 
435 
212 
223 

9 

1 

1 

1 

1 

fTotal       ... 
Females... 

100.00 
48.74 
51.26 

100.00 

14,565 

7,722 

6,848 

799 

2.99 
2.75 
8.26 
1.68 

Sanilac 

• 

r  Total 

lie]  Males 
(Females... 

.... 

•  * 

4 

Schoolcraft.. 

58.85 

519 

1.85 

7 

5 

.... 

•  • 

2 

•  «»  w 

46.15 

280 

2.14 

6 

4 

mmmm 

•  • 

2 

w  m  m  m 

fTotal 

105  {Males 
[Females... 

100.00 
51.86 
48.64 

20,822 
10,815 
10,007 

2.11 
2.09 
2.14 

440 
226 
214 

440 
226 
214 

Shiawassee  .. 

*  Except  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  births  were  received, 
for  which  see  Table  XXI.  t  The  fraction  is  omitted  in  each  case  in  this  column.  The 
plus  sign  may  be  understood  to  follow  each  statement.  $  Except  of  townships  not 
represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872.  See  Table  XXI.  »  "Half-breed."  b  2  "Col- 
ored." 


42 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VL— 'Continued.— Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and 

by  Color. 


counties. 


St.  Clair. 


St.  Joseph. 


Tuscola. 


Van  Buren... 


Washtenaw.. 


Wayne. 


en 

Q> 

a 


»  9 


Sex. 


Wexford  J. 


106 


99 


fTotal 

Hales 

Females... 
Unknown.. 

(Total 
Males 
Females... 

fTotal 

Males 

.Females... 

Total 

-  Males 

.Females... 

Total 

Males 

.Females... 

Total 

Males 

Females... 
.  Unknown.. 

fTotal 

90  {Males 

[Females... 


117 


100 


108< 


o  o 


51.48 
48.52 


100.00 
52.15 
47.85 

100.00 
49.87 
50.18 

100.00 
54.01 
45.99 

100.00 
50.00 
50.00 


51.96 
48.04 


a%co 


•3&S 

"S  £*■• 

fl  OB  O 

^  *  o 


86,759 
19,011 
17,748 


100.00 
47.62 
52.88 


26,272 
18,480 
12,792 
18,715 
7,268 
6,452 
28,885 
14,907 
18,928 
41,440 
21,478 
19,962 
119,068 
59,964 
59,104 


478 
250 
228 


2.67 
2.66 
2.68 


1.50 

1.58 

1.48 

2.85 

2.6&J 

8.04 

1.90 

1.99 

1.81 

1.64 

1.58 

1.70 

8.40 

8.4S 

8.26 


o  . 

at 

S8 


4.89 
4.00 
4.82 


982 

505 

476 

1 

895 

206 

189 

891 

195 

196 

548 

296 

252 

678 

889 

889 

4,045 

2,086 

1,929 

80 

21 

10 

11 


Color. 


5 


981 
505 
476 


892 

205 

187 

891 

195 

196 

587 

290 

247 

672 

386 

886 

8,982 

2,053 

1,899 

80 

21 

10 

11 


5 

»  2 

8 

2 

b  2 

■  m  m  * 

48 
25 

•  18 


B 

+-» 

a 


4 
8 
1 
4 
1 
8 

16 
6 

10 


d 

es 

a 


I 

0 


1 
1 


2 
1 
1 


*  Except  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  births  were  received, 
for  which  see  Table  XXI.  f  The  fraction  is  omitted  in  each  case  in  tnis  column.  The 
plus  sign  may  be  understood  to  follow  each  statement,  t  Except  of  townships  not 
represented  by  returns  of  births  In  1872.    See  Table  XXI.    a  l  "Colored."    1 1  "AfrL- 


can. 


BIRTHS  BY  COLOR.  43 

In  every  Eeport  and  in  every  circular  of  instructions  relating* 
to  this  subject,  issued  by  the  State  Department,  the  attention 
of  supervisors  is  called  to  the  importance  of  stating  the  color 
of  persons  who  have  died,  and  of  children  born.  It  would 
seem  that  this  item  can  be  stated  accurately  if  supervisors  try 
to  do  so.  It  really  seems  too  bad  to  be  obliged  to  wait  year 
after  year  for  information  on  the  various  questions  which 
accurate  statistics  of  this  kind  would  so  soon  give  us.  So  far 
as  any  generalizations  can  be  conveniently  made  from  the  sta- 
tistics of  color  contained  in  Table  VI.,  they  are  contained  in 
the  remarks  relating  to  table  V.,  which  is  derived  therefrom. 

Table  VI.  also  contains  columns  exhibiting  for  each  county 
the  proportion  of  each  sex  born,  and  the  proportion  of  chil- 
dren born  in  1872  to  inhabitants  in  1870.  If  there  was  no 
necessary  relation  between  the  birth-rate  and  the  proportion 
of  each  sex  born,  other  things  being  equal,  the  sixty-eight 
counties  might  be  supposed  to  be  divided  equally  between 
four  propositions,  as  follows :  1.  More  than  average  propor- 
tion of  births,  more  than  average  proportion  of  males ;  2.  more 
than  average  proportion  of  births,  less  than  average  proportion 
of  males ;  3.  less  than  average  proportion  of  births,  less  than 
average  proportion  of  males;  4.  less  than  average  proportion 
of  births,  more  than  average  proportion  of  males.  The  chances 
would  be  in  favor  of  each  proposition  being  true  for  seventeen 
counties.  A  careful  examination  of  the  table  shows  that  the 
first  proposition  is  true  of  seventeen,  the  second  proposition,  of 
twenty,  the  third  proposition,  of  fourteen,  and  the  fourth 
proposition  of  seventeen  counties.  The  rule  that  a  greater 
than  average  birth-rate  is  attended  with  a  less  than  average 
proportion  of  male  children,  and  vice  versa,  holds,  therefore, 
in  37  cases  out  of  68.  An  examination  of  the  similar  table  in 
the  last  Eeport,  for  1871,  shows  that  this  rule  held  in  34  out 
of  67  counties. 


44 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VII. — Exhibiting,  by  Sex,  by  Number,  and  by  Per 
Cent  of  Total,  the  Parent-Nativity  of  Children  born  in 
Michigan  during  the  Year  1872. 


NATIVITY  OF  PARENTS  OP 
CHILDREN  BORN. 


All  Nativities 

Both  parents  native 

Both  parents  foreign 

Foreign  father  and  native  mother 
Foreign  mother  and  native  father 
Unknown  mother,  father  native. 
Unknown  mother,  father  foreign 
Unknown  father,  mother  native. 
Unknown  father,  mother  foreign 
Both  unknown 

One  or  both  native 

One  or  both  foreign 


BlBTHS 

IK  1872. 

Number. 

Per  Cbnt. 

of  Total. 

3 

O 

• 
OB 
O 

• 
« 

ft 

• 

% 

o 

s 

S 

88 
27 

■ 

■+■» 
o 
Eh 

* 

m 

-a 

• 

8 

at 
1 

« 

a 

27,998 

14,457 

18,458 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.0f 

12,907 

6,685 

6,245 

46.11 

45.89 

46.42 

82.51 

9,721 

5,018 

4,674 

29 

84.78 

84.71 

84.74 

84,94 

2,599 

1,858 

1,241 

5 

9.28 

9.86 

9.22 

«.0ft 

1,859 

717 

640 

2 

4.85 

4.96 

4.76 

9.41 

889 

210 

178 

1 

1.89 

1.45 

1.82 

1.21 

410 

227 

180 

8 

1.46 

1.57 

1.84 

8.41 

187 

72 

65 

.... 

.49 

.50 

.48 

89 

88 

55 

1 

.82 

.28 

.41 

1.20 

882 

192 

176 

15 
85 

1.86 

1.88 

1.80 

18.0T 

17,891 

8,987 

8,869 

62.18 

62.16 

62.21 

4S.lt 

14,178 

7,848 

6,790 

40 

50.65 

50.88 

50.47 

4S.1I 

BIRTHS  BY  PARENT-NATIVITY. 


45. 


EXHIBIT  P.— Parent-Nativity  of  Children  lorn  in  Michi- 
gan during  the  Years  1869,  1870, 1871,  and  1872. 


NATIVITY  OF  PARENTS  OP 
CHILDREN  BORN. 

Births,  1869. 

Birth  8,1870. 

Births,  1871. 

Biiths,1872. 

• 

u 

V 

/> 

B 

a 

•      • 
("fee 

i 

•      • 

So 

u 

.0 

a 

0 

■H»r2 
PS 
®  a 

a* 

B 

a 

0  0 

1* 

All  Nativities 

27,093 

100.00 

26,668 

100,00 

25,992 

100,00 

27,993 

100.00 

Both  parents  native... ..... . 

18,060 
8,048 
1,904 
1,219 

2,867 

48.20 

29.68 

7.02 

4.49 

10.53 

12,895 
8,604 
2,246 
1,825 
2,098 

46.48 

82.26 

8.42 

4.96 

7.84 

11,874 
8,784 
2,109 
1,217 
2,558 

48.75 

88.60 

8.11 

4.68 

9.84 

12,907 
9,721 
2,599 
1,859 
1,407 

4611 

Both  "parents  foreign 

84  73 

Fathers  foreign,  mothers  native 
Mothers  foreign,  fathers  native 
One  or  hoth  unknown ......... 

9.28 
4.85 

5.09 

One  or  both  parents  native  *.. 
One  or  hoth  parents  foreign  •. 

16,188 
11,166 

59.78 
41.21 

15,966 
12,175 

59.88 
45.66 

14,700 
12,060 

66.55 
46.89 

16,865 
18,679 

60.2& 

48.87 

•  Excluding  cases  where  nativity  of  either  parent  is  unknown. 

Compare  this  Exhibit  with  Exhibits  J,  K,  and  L. 

Table  VII.  exhibits  at  least  one  gratifying  fact,  which  is,  that 
the  number  and  per  cent,  of  births  returned  without  a  state- 
ment of  the  parent-nativity  is  much  less  than  heretofore.  The 
line  u  One  or  both  unknown"  in  Exhibit  F,  shows  incidentally 
the  great  improvement  in  this  respect  from  1869  to  1872  inclu- 
sive. It  was  remarked  in  last  Eeport  that  the  evidence  in 
Exhibit  F  indicates  that  the  proportion  of  births  of  children 
of  foreign  parents  is  gradually  increasing.  Although  the  per 
cent,  is  still  larger,  by  that  Exhibit  in  this  Eeport,  the  per 
cent,  of  native  parents  is  also  larger  than  in  the  previous  one, 
evidently  increased  at  the  expense  of  the  "unknown,"  by  a 
more  accurate  statement  of  the  facts. 


SIXTH  BE0ISTBATION  BEPOBT. 


1 

8\- 

§ 

is 

■arattiOH 

1 

5 

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s 

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-uaqWi 

§   s   & 

8   g 

S     S     §     5 

851? 

£"1 

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a 

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1 

E 
1 

Hi 

sis 

-nd  qiog 

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8   S 

seas 

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$38311 

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si 

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si  Is 

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I    156 


BIRTHS  BY  PARENT-NATIVITY. 


47 


The  casual  reader  is  cautioned  against  coming  to  wrong  con- 
clusions based  upon  Exhibit  H.  The  statement  of  the  "  Na- 
tive inhabitants"  includes  very  nearly  all  the  children,  and  the 
-"  Per  cent,  of  Parents  to  Population"  is  consequently  small  for 
the  "Natives."  In  order  to  learn  the  relative  fecundity  of 
the  native  and  foreign  born  inhabitants,  we  need  to  examine 
other  evidence.  Exhibits  I  to  M,  inclusive,  bear  upon  the 
subject. 


EXHIBIT  I. — Nativity  of  Inhabitants  of  Michigan  June  1, 
18709  aged  15  to  46  years,  stating,  by  Sex,  the  Number  and 
Per  cent,  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants  at  such 
Ages. 


Inhabitants  or  Michigan  June  1,  1870,  Auu 
15  to  45  Ybabs.  * 

PBB  cmnt.  or  • 

NATIVITY  OF  INHABITANTS 

NTJKBBB. 

rOTAL. 

m 
w 
M 
• 

QQ 

o 

n 

• 

O 

% 

3 

8 

a 

» 

S 
S 

o 

m 

• 
0B 
0> 

I 

• 

8 

a 

ft 

AU  Nativities 

555,852 

1 

289,085 

266,267 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Native-born... 

887,806 
168,046 

195,765 
98,820 

191,541 
74,726 

69.74 
80.25 

67.71 
82.28 

71.98 

Foreign-born 

28.06 

•  From  Tables  XHH.,  XXTV.,  and  XXV.,  Volume  n.,  Ninth  U.  S.  Census,  1870. 


48 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  J. — By  Sex,  the  Relation  of  Native  and  Foreign- 
1869, 1870, 1871,  and  1872,  to  the  Native  and  Foreign-born 
15  to  1§5  Years. 


NATIVITY  OP   PARENTS    OP 
CHILDREN  BORN. 

Per  Cent,  of  Parents  of 
Children  Born   in  1869, 
to  Inhabitants  Jane  1, 
1870,   of  same  Nativity 
and  Sex,  aged  15  to  45. 

PerCent.  of  Parents 
of  Children  Born 
in  1870  to  Inhabit- 
ants Jane  1,  1870, 
of  same  Nativity 
and  Sex,  aged  15 
to  45. 

Both  par- 
ents. 

• 
00 

0) 

a 

0* 

£ 

o 

* 

Both  Par- 
ents. 

• 

a 
& 

• 

m 

o 

a 

All  Nativities 

9.65 

9.27 

10.06 

9.48 

9.10 

10.01 

Both  parents  native. . 

b    6.65 
•    9.47 
t     4.08 
e    8.28 

o     6.58 
f     8.53 
'     2.01 
t    1.62 

a    6.78 
s  10.65 
*      .98 
«      .62 

b  6.81 
« 10.12 
'  4.76 
*  8.50 

o   6.24 
f  9.11 
f  2.87 
*  1.75 

*  6.88 

Both  parents  foreign...... -- 

» 11.87 

Fathers  foreign,  mothers  r 
Mothers  foreign,  fathers  n 
One  or  both  parents  unkn 

Dwn 

*  1.15 
e     .66 

One  or  both  parents  nativ< 
One  or  both  parents  foreijj 

e»> 

b     8.25 
•  18.15 

o    8.16 
f  11.84 

d     8.88 
s  14.78 

b  8.18 
•  14.82 

o  8.04 
f  12.80 

*  8.22 

mn_. __ 

« 16.09 

[Native 

<  7.54 

Mothers 

Foreign.... 

*  18.18 

i  Unknown.. 

[Native. 

o  6.91 
'  11.49 

Fathers < 

Foreign 
Unknown.. 

•  As  shown  by  children  born,  after  subtracting  the  proper  nnmber  for  twins  and 
triplets. 

b  Per  cent,  to  native-born  Inhabitants  aged  15  to  45. 
«  Per  cent,  to  Lative-born  males  aged  15  to  45. 

*  Per  cent,  to  native-born  females  aged  15  to  45. 


BIRTHS  BY  PAKENT-NAT1VITT. 


49 


bom  Parents  of  Children  born  in  Michigan  during  the  Years 
Inhabitants  of  Michigan  June  1, 1870,  at  Child-bearing  ages, — 


• 

Number  or  Parents 
of  Children  Born 
IN  1871.* 

Per  Cent  of  Parents 
of  Children  Born 
in  1871  to  Inhabit- 
ants  Jane  1,  1870, 
of  same  Nativity 
and  Sex,  aged  15 
to  45. 

Number    of  Par- 
ents or  Chil- 
dren Born 
in  1872.* 

Per  Cen  t.  of  Parents 
of  Children  Born 
in  1872  to  Inhabit- 
ants Jane  1,  1870, 
of  same  Nativity 
and  Sex,  aged  16 
to  46. 

Both  Par- 
ents. 

& 

o 

• 

a 
& 

a 

o 
* 

Oh    . 

• 

m 
& 

• 

a 
& 

a 

o 

* 

3. 

■2-3 

1 
a 

• 

S 

a 

o 

3 

a. 

• 

a 
& 

& 

g 

a 

o 

61,376 

25,688 

26,688 

9.25 

8.88 

9.64 

56,282 

27,641 

27,641 

9.95 

9.66 

10.88 

22,476 

17,262 

4,184 

2,418 

5,044 

11,288 
8,626 
2,098 
1,209 
2,522 

11,238 
8,626 
2,093 
1,209 
2,522 

b  5.80 
•10.26 
f  4.48 
x  8.28 

«  5.74 
f  9.24 
'  2.24 
e  1.61 

*  5.86 
sll.54 
d  1.09 
o     .61 

d  7.59 
s  15.96 

25,506 

19,168 

5,140 

2,688 

2,780 

12,758 
9,584 
2,570 
1,844 
1,890 

12,768 
9,684 
2,570 
1,844 
1,890 

b  6.59 
•11.41 
t  5.51 
e  8.60 

o  6.61 
'10.27 
f  2.75 
s  1.80 

A  6.66 
H2.88 
d  1.84 
o     .69 

29,080 
28,S66 

14,540 
11,928 

14,540 
11,928 

b  7.50 
•14.19 

o  7.42 
f  12.78 

88,884 
26,996 

16,667 
18,498 

16,667 
18,498 

b  8.61 
•16.06 

•  8.51 
f  14.46 

d  8.75 
ff  18.06 

18,496 

10,141 

2,051 

d  7.05 
« 18.57 



a .aaaa 

15,459 

11,016 

1,167 

«  7.40 
f  18.46 

d  8.0T 

(14.74 

18,328 

11,488 

927 

a  a  a  a  *a 

a a • •• a 
• 

e  6.81 
f  12.26 

14,482 

12,560 

599 

•  Per  cent,  to  foreign-born  inhabitants  aged  15  to  45. 

*  Per  cent,  to  foreign-born  males  aged  15  to  45. 

«  Per  cent,  to  foreign-born  females  aged  15  to  45. 

■  Excluding  cases  where  nativity  of  either  parent  is  unknown. 


50 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  K. — Nativity  of  Inhabitants  of  Michigan  June 
1, 1870,  aged  20  to  J/5  Years, — Stating,  by  Sex,  the  Number 

4  and  Per  Cent  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants  at 
such  ages. 


Inhabitants  or  Michigan  Juki  1»1870,  Aged 
20  to  46  Tbabs.  * 

Ndkbsb. 

Peb  Cent,  or  Total. 

NATIVITY  OF  INHABITANTS. 

• 
OB 

8 

a 

• 

* 

• 

1 

i 

8 
1 

• 

I 

All  N*t*Tlta« 

486,048 

228,874 

207,169 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Native-born....... 

289,004 
147,089 

146,278 
'    82,696 

142,726 
64,448 

66.28 
88.72 

68.91 
86.09 

68.89 

Foreign-born........... .... 

8L11 

»  From  Tables  XXIII.,  XXIV.,  and  XXV.,  Volume  H.,  Ninth  U.  S.  Census,  1870. 

Compare  this  exhibit  with  Exhibit  F. 


EXHIBIT  L. — Nativity  of  Inhabitants  of  Michigan  June  1, 
1870,  aged  25  to  45  Years, — Stating,  by  Sex,  the  Number 
and  Per  Cent,  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants  at 
such  ages. 


NATIVITY  OF  INHABITANTS. 


All  Nativities. 


Native-born.. 
Foreign-born 


Inhabitants  or  Michigan  June  1, 1870, 
26  to  46  Ybabs.  * 

Aged 

Number. 

s 

Per  Cent,  or  Total. 

oS 

i 

o 

1— < 

# 
1 

ft 

co 

a 

• 
CD 

"3 

a* 

820,646 

168,766 

151,790 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

206,874 
116,172 

108,900 
64,866 

101,474 
60,816 

64.07 
86.93 

61.66 
88.48 

66.85 
88.16 

»  From  Tables  XXIII.,  XXIV.,  and  XXV.,  Volume  H.,  Ninth  U.  S.  Census,  1870. 


BIBTH-BATE  BY  PA  BENT-NATIVITY.  51 

BIBTH-BATE     OP    NATIVE,    AND     OP    FOBEIGN-BOBN    INHAB- 
ITANTS. 

Much  has  been  written  in  this  country  on  the  decrease  of 
the  birth-rate  among  the  native-born  inhabitants,  and  the 
larger  birth-rate  of  the  foreign-born  inhabitants.  Inasmuch 
as  the  views  of  the  compiler  of  this  volume  may  be  exceptional, 
it  is  proper  to  state  that  the  greater  number  of  writers  seem 
to  consider  this  as  evidence  of  degeneration  of  the  race  in  this 
country,  and  some  even  go  so  far  as  to  state  their  belief  that 
"Our  native  American  stock  is  not  self-sustaining."  These 
statements  are  quite  frequently  seen  copied  into  foreign  jour- 
nals. In  the  opinion  of  the  compiler  the  low  birth-rate  of  the 
native-born  inhabitants  is  something  to  be  proud  of.  He 
regards  it  as  good  evidence  of  progress  in  civilization.  As 
pointed  out  in  the  Beport  for  1869,  it  is  entirely  in  harmony 
with  the  general  law,  which  was  perhaps  first  published  by 
Herbert  Spencer,  chat  individuation  is  opposed  to  excessive 
reproduction.  Our  native-born  inhabitants  are  building  up 
good  reliable  individuals,  as  evidenced  by  their  low  death-rate. 
One  of  the  methods  of  breaking  down  individuals  is  to  drain 
them  by  excessive  reproduction  and  then  overwork  them  to 
sustain  the  offspring.  This  works  mischief  for  the  present 
and  future,  for  "  like  begets  like,"  and  the  children  are  conse- 
quently feeble.  Our  native  inhabitants  are  rapidly  learning 
how  to  avoid  these  evils,  and  a  stronger,  healthier,  nobler,  and 
longer-lived  generation  is  the  very  gratifying  result. 

It  is  quite  common  to  find  writers  instancing  a  large  birth- 
rate as  evidence  of  physical  stamina.  The  reverse  of  this 
proposition  is  believed  to  be  the  truth.  This  has  seemed  to 
the  compiler  so  evidently  probable  that  he  has  heretofore 
refrained  from  grouping  the  evidences  of  it  in  these  Eeports ; 
but  since  so  many  prominent  writers  have  taken  the  opposite 
view,  it  seems  advisable  to  begin  a  study  of  the  evidence  found 
in  these  statistics  bearing  upon  the  subject.  As  regards  the 
offspring,  males  are  born  in  greater  numbers  than  females.    In 


52  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

this  State  the  average  is  about  109  males  to  100  females. 
During  the  first  mouth  of  life  the  deaths  in  1872,  including 
stillbirths,  were,  as  shown  by  a  new  exhibit  in  Deaths,  141 
males  to  100  females.  The  stillbirths  themselves  average 
in  this  State  about  150  males  to  100  females.  During  the 
first  year  of  life  the  deaths  in  1872  tyere,  as  shown  by  Table 
of  Deaths,  127.87  males  to  100  females.  This  proportion  of 
the  sexes  dying  under  one  year  of  age  does  not  appear  to  be 
exceptional. 

So  far  as  relates  to  human  offspring,  then,  it  appears  that  an 
increased  birth-rate  is  in  this  instance  connected  with  evidence 
of  low  vitality.  In  the  human  species,  the  natural  or  at  least 
the  present  tendency  toward  reproduction,  is  probably  strong- 
est in  the  males.  On  the  contrary,  the  females  tend  toward 
"  individuation "  or  the  most  perfect  development  of  the 
individual. 

On  page  33,  in  remarking  upon  the  birth-rates  of  the  differ- 
ent races,  it  was  shown  that  in  this  State  the  birth-rate  of 
Indians  is  apparently  much  greater  than  the  birth-rate  of 
the  white  inhabitants.  By  the  Table  of  Deaths  by  Color, 
it  will  be  seen  that  their  death-rate  is  considerably  greater. 
It  is  so  much  greater  that  it  cannot  well  be  entirely  accounted 
for  by  a  greater  mortality  among  infants.  It  is,  therefore, 
probable  that,  in  this  instance,  the  greater  birth-rate  is  at 
least  coincident  with  a  great  mortality  of  adults. 

From  the  tables  in  this  Beport,  it  seems  probable  that  the 
general  belief  among  those  who  have  studied  the  subject,  that 
the  birth-rate  is  greater  among  the  foreign-born  than  among 
the  native  inhabitants,  is  true  for  this  State.  It  cannot  con- 
veniently be  shown  in  this  Eeport,  but  it  is  believed  to  be  true, 
that  the  death-rate  is  also  greater,  as  regards  adults  of  foreign 
birth,  and  also  as  regards  the  children  of  the  foreign  born. 
The  truth  can  eventually  be  learned  from  these  statistics,  so 
far  as  relates  to  adults ;  but  the  nativity  of  parents  of  those 
who  die  is  not  stated  in  our  returns.    It  should  be,  for  the 


BIRTH-BATE  BY  PABENT-KATIVITY.  53 

question  is  considered  of  importance  and  is  quite  frequently 
enquired  about  by  those  who  wish  to  discuss  questions  in  social 
science  upon  which  this  bears. 

From  these  statistics  alone  for  a  single  year,  it  is  not  easy  to 
prove  or  disprove  the  proposition  that  the  decreased  birth-rate 
of  our  native-born  inhabitants  is  evidence  of  increased  indi- 
vidual development  and  vigor ;  but  a  beginning  has  been  made, 
which  if  continued  can  be  made  to  yield  definite  information 
on  this  subject,  which  is  one  that  seems  to  be  of  very  great 
importance,  bearing  as  it  does  upon  the  continuance  of  the 
race  in  this  country.    The  prevailing  opinion  seems  to  be  that 
the  white  race  has,  in  America,  commenced  to  decline.    It 
will  be  seen  that  the  compiler  does  not  share  in  that  belief, 
interpreting,  as  he  does,  the  lessened  birth-rate  as  evidence  of 
progress  in  a  higher  and  better  development  in  accordance 
with  a  general  law  of  individual  development  as  opposed  to 
rapid  multiplication.    Although  it  does  not  prove  anything 
concerning  the  human  species,  it  may  be  remarked,  in  passing, 
that  a  survey  of  the  animal  kingdom  seems  to  confirm  this 
view.    Those  animals  which  mature  slowly  and  live  long  do 
not  usually  have  numerous  offspring,  nor  do  they  reproduce 
with  great  rapidity.    On  the  other  hand,  the  short-lived  ani- 
mals, or  those  where  the  destruction  of  life  is  great  from  the 
beginning,  as  in  many  of  the  fishes,  have  millions  of  offspring. 
That  physicians  who  are  called  to  treat  women  for  barrenness 
should  come  to  believe  that  fertility  is  connected  with  th* 
most  perfect  health,  is  perfectly  natural ;  but  it  does  not  nec- 
essarily follow  that  the  greatest  possible  tax  upon  that  fecun- 
dity is  either  a  mark  of  the  most  perfect  development,  or  bene- 
ficial to  the  parent  or  offspring.    It  is  a  common  belief,  and 
one  which  is  frequently  acted  upon,  that  excessive  flowering 
and  especially  fruiting  is  particularly  exhausting  to  plants.   It 
is  a  common  practice  among  fruit-raisers  to  thin  out  the  fruit 
at  an  early  period;  and  they  do  this  in  the  interest  of  the 
remaining  fruit  as  well  as  the  parent  tree. 


54  SIXTH  BEGISTBATION  BEPORT. 

The  foregoing  should  not  be  tortured  into  even  the  slightest 
excuse  for  the  practice  of  criminal  abortion.  The  writer,  how- 
ever, doubts  the  alleged  increase  of  this  practice,  which  has 
been  mentioned  as  one  of  the  causes  of  decreased  birth-rate. 
It  is  a  much  more  probable,  as  well  as  a  more  humane  and 
encouraging  view,  to  believe  that  the  decrease  of  the  birth-rate 
is,  in  a  great  degree,  due  to  intelligent  self-control  through  a 
better  and  increasing  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  physiology  and 
reproduction.  The  writer  believes  that  the  more  thorough 
dissemination  of  such  knowledge  is  one  of  the  best  measures 
for  lessening  criminal  abortion, — that  it  will  tend  to  render  it 
uncalled  for  and  undesirable.  He  is  also  happy  in  the  belief 
that  the  apparently  decreased  birth-rate  of  our  native-born 
inhabitants,  taken  in  connection  with  the  comparatively  low 
death-rate,  is  evidence  of  the  higher  development  which  is 
here  being  reached  through  increased  spread  of  all  kinds  of 
knowledge  bearing  upon  the  question  of  right  living. 

AVERAGE  ULTIMATE  NUMBER  OF  CHILDBED  TO  EACH  WOMAN, 
TO  EACH  FAMILY,  AND  TO  EACH  MOTHEB. 

Although  the  birth-rate  of  foreign-born  inhabitants  seems 
greater  than  among  our  native  women,  the  difference  is  not 
as  great  in  Michigan  as  has  been  asserted  for  other  States  and 
localities. 

In  the  writings  of  those  who  believe  in  the  degeneration  of 
the  human  races  in  this  country,  we  find  such  statements  as 
the  following,  which  are  quoted  from  "  Population, — Its  Law 
of  Increase,"  by  Nathan  Allen,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  of  Lowell, 
Mass.,  one  of  the  prominent  writers  of  this  class.  On  page  7 
of  that  pamphlet  he  makes  statements  as  follows :  "  If  we 
compare  the  number  of  children  born  by  the  strictly  Ameri- 
can, with  that  of  the  Irish,  the  Scotch,  the  English,  and  the 
German,  the  difference  is  surprising.  "We  find  the  latter,  both 
in  Europe  and  in  this  country,  have  on  an  average  two,  if  not 
three  times  as  many  as  the  former,  even  though  both  classes 
may  live  in  the  same  locality  and  under  the  same  general  in  flu- 


CHILDREN  TO  EACH  WOMAN.  55 

ences.  Again,  if  we  make  the  comparison,  between  the  pres- 
ent generation  in  New  England  and  their  ancesters  living  one 
hundred  years  ago,  we  find  the  number  of  children  at  that 
period  averaged  two  or  three  times  as  many  as  in  the  same 
number  of  families  at  the  present  day/9  Upon  what  evidence 
these  statements  rest  the  compiler  does  not  know.  He  does 
not  even  know  of  any  statistics  of  this  country  which  exhibit 
with  any  certainty  the  number  of  children  to  each  family  or 
to  each  mother,  at  this  time  or  one  hundred  years  ago,  for  the 
native  or  for  the  foreign-born  inhabitants.  The  question 
seems  to  be  of  .sufficient  importance  to  warrant  an  effort  to 
learn  what  we  can  from  our  own  State  statistics. 

An  approximate  estimate  of  the  average  ultimate  number  of 
children  to  each  woman  can  now  be  made  from  the  data  in 
Exhibit  J.  According  to  Exhibit  J,  the  per  cent,  of  mothers 
to  female  inhabitants  of  Michigan  aged  15  to  45  was,  for  1869, 
10.06 ;  for  1870,  10.01 ;  for  1871,  9.64;  for  1872, 10.38.  The 
average  per  cent,  was  10.02.  The  enumeration  of  inhabitants 
was  about  the  middle  of  the  year  1870.  If  we  call  the  period 
from  15  to  45  years  of  age  the  child-bearing  age,  it  is  a  period 
of  thirty  years;  and  if  in  each  year  10.02  per  cent,  of  the 
women  at  such  ages  give  birth  to  a  child,  in  thirty  years  the 
per  cent,  will  be  thirty  times  10.02,  which  equals  300.6  per  one 
hundred  women,  or  three  children  for  each  woman.  In  the 
exhibit  the  actual  number  of  parents  are  stated,  as  well  as  the 
statistics  show  this, — consequently  the  number  of  children  to 
each  woman  should  be  slightly  increased  for  twins  and  triplets. 
A  small  number  of  illegitimate  children  are  included. 

Comparing  the  native  and  foreign-born,  it  is  found  that  for 
the  years  1871  and  1872,  the  average  relation  of  native-born 
mothers  to  native-born  females  aged  15  to  45  was  7.56  per  cent., 
while  of  foreign-born  mothers  to  foreign-born  females  at  such 
ages  it  was  14.15  per  cent.  By  the  method  employed  above, 
this  would  indicate  that  the  number  of  children  to  each  woman 
should  be,  for  the  native-born,  2.27,  for  the  foreign-born,  4.25, 


56  SIXTH  REGISTBATIOlT  BSPOttT* 

It  is  probable,  however,  that  the  inhabitants  are  more  thor- 
oughly enumerated  than  the  births,  and  that  the  number  of 
children  stated  above  is  therefore  too  small.  On  page  5  of  the 
Beport  for  1871  it  may  be  seen  that  the  omissions  were  be- 
lieved to  be  such  that  for  that  year  44.83  per  cent,  should  be 
added  to  the  number  of  births  returned  to  make  them  equal 
the  number  which  probably  occurred.  As  stated  on  a  pre- 
vious page,  we  have  found  that  the  births  for  1872  should, 
probably,  be  increased  by  55.74  per  cent.  From  this  stand- 
point the  computation  may  be  again  made,  distinguishing 
between  native  and  foreign-born  women,  as  follows :  For  the 
years  1871  and  1872  the  average  relation  of  native-born  moth- 
ers thus  increased,  to  the  native-born  female  inhabitants  aged 
15  to  45,  was  11.39  per  cent.,  while  of  the  foreign-born  moth- 
ers to  foreign-born  females  at  such  ages  it  was  21.31  per  cent. 
This  would  increase  the  statement  of  the  number  of  children 
to  each  woman  at  the  above-mentioned  ages  so  that  it  would 
be  about  as  follows :  For  each  native-born  woman  aged  15  to 
45  years,  3.42  children;  for  each  foreign-born  woman  aged  15 
to  45  years,  6.39  children.  For  the  same  years,  the  average 
relation  of  all  mothers  to  women  of  all  nativities  aged  15  to 
45  years,  was  15.07  per  cent.  So  far  as  this  method  of  esti- 
mating will  do  so,  this  indicates  that,  at  this  rate,  the  number 
of  children  to  each  woman  in  the  State  aged  15  to  45  years 
would  be  about  4.52. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  in  the  foregoing  computation 
all  women  aged  15  to  45  years  are  included.  By  the  census  of 
1874,  it  appears  that  16.73  per  cent,  of  the  females  in  Michigan 
aged  18  years  and  over  have  never  been  married.  Of  those 
aged  15  years  and  over  the  proportion  is  probably  a  little 
larger.  If  we  say  that  of  those  aged  15  to  45  years  there  are 
17  per  cent,  single,  subtract  this  per  cent,  from  the  female 
inhabitants  at  those  ages,  increase  the  births  for  omissions  in 
enumerating,  and  go  over  the  computation  again,  we  find  that 
for  the  years  1871-2  the  average  relation  of  all  mothers  of*  all 


CHILDREN  TO  EACH  FAMILY.  57 

nativities,  to  the  married,  widowed,  and  divorced  female  inhab- 
itants aged  15  to  45,  is  18.16  per  cent.  Multiplied  by  30  and 
divided  by  100,  this  indicates  that,  at  the  rate  for  those  years, 
and  excepting  the  unmarried  women,  the  nnmber  of  children 
would  be  about  5.45  to  each  woman.  By  this  same  method 
for  the  same  time,  the  average  relation  of  the  native  mothers 
to  the  native  female  inhabitants  at  such  ages,  once  married,  is 
found  to  be  13.72  per  cent.,  and  the  number  of  children  is  4.12 
to  each  such  native  woman.  The  per  cent,  of  foreign-born 
mothers  to  foreign  females  at  such  ages,  once  married,  is  25.67, 
and  the  number  of  children  is  7.70  to  each  such  foreign-born 
woman,  once  married.  Throughout  this  computation  so  far 
as  relates  to  the  State  statistics,  stillbirths  are  included.  The 
number  of  children  to  each  married  woman  would  be  slightly 
increased  if  twins  were  counted,  but  the  illegitimate  are  not 
subtracted  and  will  in  part  make  up  for  not  counting  twins  but 
as  one  child. 

It  may  occur  to  some  to  suggest  that  a  correction  needs  to 
be  made  to  this  method,  for  the  reason  that  not  all  females 
eventually  married  are  married  during  all  the  years  between 
the  ages  15  and  45 ;  but  if  the  years  under  consideration  were 
average  years  in  this  respect,  this  correction  is  not  called  for. 

So  far  as  known  to  the  writer,  this  is  the  first  attempt  to 
gain  this  information  relative  to  this  State,  or  to  any  portion 
of  the  State ;  and  the  only  material  which  seems  to  be  availa- 
ble for  the  purpose  of  testing  the  probable  accuracy  of  the 
results  reached  by  this  method  of  study,  is  contained  in  an 
article  published  in  1871  by  Dr.  H.  0.  Hitchcock,  of  Kala- 
mazoo, entitled  "Fertility  of  the  Native  Americans  of  the 
Present  Generation."  Dr.  Hitchcock's  paper  was  based  upon 
statistics  of  1,629  families,  in  Kalamazoo,  to  which  had  been 
born  6,189  children,  being  an  average  of  3.8  children  to  each 
family.  The  average  number  of  children  to  each  "  American  * 
family  was  3.34,  and  to  each  foreign-born  family  it  was  4.51 
children.  It  will  not  do  to  compare  these  numbers  directly 
8 


58  SIXTH  KEGISTRATTOtf  EEPORT. 

with  those  which  we  have  previously  obtained.  Various 
methods  have  been  suggested  whereby  it  has  been  thought 
that  the  average  ultimate  number  of  children  to  each  family 
or  to  each  mother  might  be  learned  from  the  average  number 
of  children  which  have  been  born  to  each  family  or  mother 
in  a  State  or  community ;  but  so  far  as  known  to  the  writer 
none  of  these  plans  have  been  accepted  as  reliable.  The  com- 
piler suggests  a  method  as  follows :  The  families  just  men- 
tioned were  the  "families  in  Kalamazoo/'  and  undoubtedly 
embraced  those  in  which  the  mothers  had,  and  those  in  which 
they  had  not  passed  the  child-bearing  age.  If  we  suppose  that 
the  families  embraced  the  natural  average  of  families,  in  this 
respect,  then  the  number  of  children  stated  above  should  be 
multiplied  by  two  in  order  to  include  the  children  which 
would  be  born  to  the  same  families  afterwards.  This  would 
make  the  statement  of  the  ultimate  number  of  children  read 
as  follows:  All  nativities,  7.60;  Americans,  6.68;  Foreign- 
born,  9.02  children  to  each  family.  It  will  be  observed  that 
these  numbers  are  considerably  larger  than  those  reached 
through  our  State  statistics,  and  particularly  large  concerning 
the  "Americans."  Two  sources  of  discrepancy  may  be  sug- 
gested. First,  the  number  of  children  in  the  last  statement 
worked  out  from  the  State  statistics,  was  to  each  woman  who 
was  married,  widowed,  and  divorced,  and  it  seems  quite  rea- 
sonable to  conclude  that  at  least  some  proportion  of  those  cases 
where  the  family  was  broken  up  were  probably  omitted  in  Dr. 
Hitchcock's  statistics.  This  would  be  particularly  likely  to 
be  true  of  all  cases  where  there  were  no  children  left.  Second, 
in  order  that  the  ultimate  number  of  children  to  each  woman 
shall  be  found  by  multiplying  by  two  the  number  found  at  any 
given  time,  it  is  essential  that  the  families  be  an  average  sam- 
ple, including  those  but  just  married.  It  seems  hardly  proba- 
ble that  the  statistics  collected  by  Dr.  Hitchcock  contained 
all  such  cases,  for  many  of  them  would  be  boarding,  some  of 
them  temporarily  absent,  and  probably  none  of  them  particu- 


CHILDREN  TO    EACH  FAMILY.  59 

larly  called  for  in  his  collection,  which  was  made  for  the  pur- 
pose of  showing  the  present  fertility  or  infertility  of  native 
Americans  compared  with  former  times  and  with  foreign-born 
inhabitants.  In  reply  to  the  question,  Dr.  Hitchcock  writes  r 
"I  instructed  the  person  who  took  the  census,  to  include  all 
married  persons  in  the  town,  even  thpugh  one  of  the  two  sup- 
posed to  constitute  a  family  were  dead  or  divorced.  It  proba- 
bly only  approximated  to  accuracy ."  The  primary  object  of 
his  statistics  not  being  to  ascertain  the  statements  which  the 
writer  has  now  worked  out  from  them,  it  may  be,  and  probably 
is  true,  that  the  statements  thus  arrived  at  are  too  large,  and 
for  the  reasons  given.  It  seems  probable,  however,  that  the 
difference  is  not  all  accounted  for  in  this  manner,  for  if  the 
number  of  female  inhabitants  of  Michigan  aged  15  to  45  be 
reduced  by  27  per  cent,  it  will  probably  represent  approxi- 
mately, the  women  at  those  ages  actually  living  in  wedlock. 
Computing  the  per  cent,  of  births  in  Michigan  as  increased,  to 
the  number  of  women  thus  obtained,  it  is  found  to  be  20.64. 
By  the  same  methods  employed  throughout,  this  would  make 
6.19  children  to  each  woman  in  Michigan  actually  living  in 
wedlock.  Now,  to  bring  the  number  of  children  to  each 
woman,  as  shown  by  using  Dr.  Hitchcock's  statistics,  down  to 
this  number,  would  require  that  the  number  of  families  having 
no  children  should  be  increased  by  about  23  per  cent,  of  all 
families  reported.  The  whole  number  of  widowed  and  divorced 
women  in  the  population  is  only  counted,  in  the  previous 
computation,  as  10  per  cent,  of  all  women  aged  over  15  years.* 
But  if  all  of  these  two  classes  of  persons  were  omitted  in  Dr. 
Hitchcock's  collection  it  would  still  require  that  23  per  cent, 
of  all  the  families,  and  these  newly  married  or  not  yet  having 
a  child  born  to  them4  should  also  have  been  omitted  in  order 
to  bring  the  statement  of  the  number  of  children  down  to  the 
statement  worked  out  from  the  State  statistics.    According 

*  The  census  of  Michigan,  1874,  shows  that  of  females  aged  16  years  and  oyer  the 
per  cent,  of  widowed  and  divorced  is  9.41  +. 


60  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

to  the  census  of  Michigan,  1874,  the  per  cent,  of  males  aged 
21  years  and  over  that  were  widowed  or  divorced,  was  4.32+ . 
In  the  statements  worked  out  from  the  State  statistics,  all  the 
births  are  supposed  to  be  included.  It  seems  probable  that 
this  is  true  of  the  statistics  collected  by  Dr.  Hitchcock.  But 
it  is  quite  possible  that,  by  his  method,  in  some  of  those  cases 
where  no  children  were  left,  and  the  wife  was  dead  or  divorced, 
the  remaining  husband  was  not  counted  as  a  "family,"  while 
if  there  was  a  child  or  children  he  was  so  counted.  Possibly 
the  23  per  cent,  may  be  in  part  accounted  for  in  this  manner. 
Bearing  upon  the  question  of  the  possibility  of  the  remainder 
being  among  the  newly  married,  it  may  be  desirable  to  esti- 
mate the  proportion  which  these  marriages  are  to  all  families. 
By  a  computation  previously  referred  to,  the  approximate 
number  of  women  in  Michigan  June  1, 1870,  aged  15  to  45 
years,  actually  living  in  wedlock,  was  estimated  to  be  194,370. 
About  this  time  the  average  number  of  marriages  annually,  so 
far  as  returned,  was  about  10,500.  This  would  be  5.40  per 
cent,  of  the  estimated  total  number  of  woman  living  in  wed- 
lock. (This  number  of  marriages  in  each  year  would  be  the 
number  that,  at  any  given  time,  would  have  been  married,  on 
an  average,  six  months.)  It  does  not,  however,  include  any 
married  outside  the  State ;   and  probably  falls  short  of  the 

* 

number  actually  married  in  Michigan;  but  as  to  the  proportion 
not  returned  we  have  as  yet  no  means  of  judging  accurately. 
In  Walford's  Insurance  Cyclopedia,  article  "Fecundity/' 
pp.  197-199,  are  some  facts  bearing  upon  this  subject,  taken 
from  "  Statistics  of  Families  in  the  Upper  and  Professional 
Classes,"  published  in  England,  by  Mr.  C.  Ansell.  In  obtain- 
ing the  "Number  of  Children  to  a  Marriage/'  he  counted 
twins  as  two  children.  The  table  includes  "2,141  cases  in 
which  both  parents  survived  the  child-bearing  age  of  the 
mother,  and  447  cases  in  which  the  mother  died  before  passing 
such  age,  leaving  the  father  surviving  her;  the  cases  being  re- 
stricted to  those  only  in  which  the  return  was  made  by  the 


CHILDREN  TO  EACH  FAMILY. 


61 


father  of  the  children,  and  in  which  the  date  of  the  birth  of 
the  mother,  and  whether  the  parents  were  bachelor  and  spin- 
ster or  otherwise  at  time  of  marriage  were  stated.  *  * 
Classifying  the  data  according  to  the  professions  of  the  fath- 
ers, the  results  are  shown  in  the  annexed  table :     - 

Table  Exhibiting  the  Number  of  Children  to  a  Marriage  in 
the  Upper  and  Professional  Classes  in  England. 


PROFESSION. 


General , 

Clergymen 

Legal  profession... 
Medical  profession. 


Total  births 
including 
Still-born. 


6.50 
5.86 
5.82 
4.96 


Born 
Alive. 


5.89 
5.25 
5.18 
4.82 


[Class  'General*  included  members  of  the  aristocracy, 
merchants,  bankers,  manufacturers  and  all  others  not  included 
in  the  other  three  classes.]" 

It  may  be  observed,  in  passing,  that  the  number  of  births  to 
a  marriage,  as  shown  by  this  table,  decreases  in  the  order  in 
which  I  have  re-arranged  the  classes,  being  largest  for  the  gen- 
eral class,  and  smallest  for  the  medical  profession.  This  seems 
to  corroborate  the  view  suggested  on  a  previous  page,  that  the 
reduction  of  the  birth-rate  is  in  part  due  to  intelligent  control 
through  a  knowledge  of  the  conditions  of  reproduction.  The 
general  public  know  the  .least  of  these  natural  laws.  The 
clergymen  know  them  much  better,  and  perhaps  as  well  as  the 
lawyers;  but  to  a  slight  extent  the  prejudice  against  any  con- 
trol by  man's  will  may  make  the  number  of  their  children 
slightly  larger  than  in  the  lawyer's  class.  The  medical  pro- 
fession know,  better  than  any  other  class,  the  physiological 
conditions  of  reproduction,  and  it  appears  that  the  number  of 
children  to  a  marriage  reaches  its  lowest  limit  in  the  medical 
profession. 

For  greater  convenience  in  studying  the  several  statements 


«a 


8IXTH  EEQISTRATION  BEPOBT. 


included  therein,  and  comparing  them  with  those  in  the  other 
table  for  England,  Exhibit  3  is  constructed  and  published. 
The  methods  by  which  most  of  the  statements  in  it  have  been 
reached,  haye  been  explained.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the 
"  Children  born  alive  "  to  each  family  of  all  nativities  in  the 
State,  as  calculated  from  these  statistics,  is  precisely  the  same, 
even  to  the  second  decimal  place,  as  is  stated  of  the  "General" 
olass  in  the  table  concerning  the  "  Number  of  Children  to  a 
Marriage  in  the  Upper  and  Professional  Glasses  of  England." 
If  the  view  of  the  compiler  is  correct,  that  a  low  birth-rate  is 
evidence  of  a  high  type  of  individual  development,  we  ought 
to  be  satisfied  with  the  evidence  of  these  statistics  as  they 
stand*  As  truth  is  what  is  most  desired,  however,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  we  may  soon  have  better  data  for  the  determina- 
tion of  these  questions.  For  this  purpose  we  need  to  know  the 
age  of  the  mother  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  the  child  whose 
birth  is  reported,  and  the  number  of  the  child,  as  to  whether 
first,  second,  third,  etc. 


EXHIBIT  3. — Estimated  Ultimate  Number  of  Children  to 
each  Family  in  the  State,  and  in  Kalamazoo,  Michigan, 
iy  Nativity  of  Mothers. 


NATIVITY  OP  MOTHERS. 


Calculated  from  Vital 
Statistics  of  Mich- 
igan. 


-Calculated  from  Dr. 
Hitchcock's  Statis- 
tics of  Kala- 
mazoo. 


All  nativities  t 

Native  mothers 

(.Foreign-born  mothers. 

All  nativities , 

Native  mothers 

Foreign-born  mothers. 


Children  to 
each  Fam- 
ily, includ- 
ing Still- 
births. 


Children 
born  alive 
to  each 
Family.* 


5.8a 

4.08 
T.61 
7.52 
6.62 
8.92 


*  For  per  cent,  of  stillbirths,  see  Exhibit ,    Number  and  Proportion  of  Still- 
births, 
t  Compare  with  Class  "General"  in  the  table  for  "Upper  Classes  in  England.1* 

Statistics  relative  to  some  other  of  the  United  States  are 
desirable  for  comparison.    In  Bhode  Island  the  "  number  of 


CHILDREN  TO  EACH  MOTHER.  63 

the  child/9  whether  first,  second,  third,  etc.,  of  the  same  mother, 
is  repotted,  and  on  page  61  of  the  Registration  Beport  for  that 
State  for  the  year  1872,  is  a  table  exhibiting  the  number  of  all 
the  children  reported  as  haying  been  born  in  Bhode  Island 
for  the  sixteen  years  from  1857-1872.  From  this  table,  it  has 
been  computed  in  this  office  that  the  number  of  children  which 
had  been  borne  by  the  72,517  mothers  was  250,000, — an  average 
of  3.45  children  to  each  mother. 

On  page  10  of  the  Beport  of  the  Begistrarof  the  city  of  Prov- 
idence for  the  year  1871,  is  a  table  exhibiting  similar  statistics 
for  that  city  for  the  17  years,  1855-1871,  from  which  it  appears 
that  27,921  mothers  had  borne  95,322  children, — an  average  of 
3.46  children  to  each  mother.  Dr.  Snow,  the  Registrar,  re- 
marks that  "  This  table  only  indicates  how  many  children  the 
mothers  bearing  children  *  *  had  already  borne."  He 
expresses  the  opinion  that  the  average  number  of  children  to 
a  mother  may  be  accurately  ascertained  by  dividing  the  whole 
number  of  children  born  during  "along  series  of  years"  by  the 
number  of  mothers  who  bore  their  first  children  in  that  time. 
By  this  method,  for  the  same  years,  he  finds  the  number  to  be 
4.00  children  to  each  mother.  The  writer  does  not  share  this 
opinion  with  Dr.  Snow,  but  believes  that  however  long  a  series 
of  years  be  studied  in  this  manner,  the  result  will  not  approx- 
imate the  true  number  of  children  to  each  mother,  except  the 
population  be  stationary, — that  is,  a  "fixed  population,"  just 
maintained  by  the  birth-rate  and  controlled  by  the  death-rate, 
and  the  birth-rate  uniform  throughout  the  period.  If  the 
birth-rate  was  constantly  decreasing,  the  number  of  mothers 
bearing  first  children  would  be  disproportionately  small,  and 
the  number  of  children  to  each  mother  would  be  stated  too 
large;  while  if  the  birth-rate  was  constantly  increasing  the 
reverse  of  the  above  proposition  would  be  true.  The  table  on 
page  11  of  the  Reg.  Beport  of  Providence  for  1871,  shows  that 
the  number  of  births  in  each  year  was  increasing  through  a 
great  part  of  the  time  from  1855  to  1871,    It  therefore  seems 


64:  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

certain  that  the  number  of  children  to  each  iftother  in  Provi- 
dence is  not  accurately  stated  as  4.00,  and  also  that  this  num- 
ber is  too  small. 

Is  it  not  possible,  however,  from  the  data  supplied  in  the  Beg. 
Reports  of  Providence  and  of  Eh  ode  Island,  to  approximate 

the  true  number  ?    On  a  previous  page,  in  commenting  upon 

* 

the  statistics  collected  in  this  State  by  Dr.  Hitchcock,  the 
writer  suggested  that/if  the  families  were  a  fair  sample  of 
those  in  the  population,  the  average  number  of  children  they 
have  borne,  multiplied  by  two,  will  equal  the  average  ultimate 
number  to  each  family.  May  not  the  same  principle  be 
applied  to  these  statistics,  dealing  with  mothers  instead  of 
families  ? 

On  page  9  of  the  Eeg.  Eeport  <)f  the  city  of  Providence,  for 
the  year  1872,  is  a  table  showing  that  during  the  18  years, 
1855  to  1872  inclusive,  29,738  mothers  had  borne  children,  and 
the  aggregate  number  of  children  which  these  women  had 
borne  was  102,668, — an  average  of  3.45  children  to  each 
mother.  This  is  precisely  the  number  and  fraction  which  we 
have  previously  found  for  the  whole  State  of  Ehode  Island  for 
the  years  1857  to  1872,  inclusive.  If  the  mothers  which  bore 
children  during  those  years  were  an  average  of  child-bearing 
women  in  that  locality,  the  average  number  of  children  mul- 
tiplied by  two  would  give  us  the  average  ultimate  number  of 
children  to  each  mother,  (not  to  each"  family,  as  not  all  wives 
are  mothers).  The  average  ultimate  number  of  children  to 
each  mother  in  Providence  and  in  Rhode  Island  would  thus 
appear  to  be  6.90.  But,  although  this  is  a  much  larger  num- 
ber than  that  reached  by  Dr.  Snow  (4.00),  it  seems  possible 
that  it  is  still  too  small,  and  for  the  same  reaso.n  as  that  previ- 
ously referred  to,  namely,  the  too  large  proportion  of  mothers 
bearing  first  children,  on  account  of  the  increasing  birth-rate. 
By  computing  the  average  in  the  way  I  propose,  however,  the 
error  on  this  account  is,  as  I  believe,  greatly  reduced,  because 
the  period  covered  is  so  long  that  many  of  the  mothers  counted 


CHILDREN  TO   EACH  MOTHER.  65 

in  the  first  year,  by  the  "first  child "  plan,  only  as  having 
borne  one  child,  are  by  this  plan  followed  through  the  remain- 
ing years,  and  the  children  afterwards  born  to  them  are  there- 
fore included.  The  error  is  thus  reduced  so  far  as  relates  to 
the  first  years  of  the  period,  but,  if  we  can  judge  from  the  sta- 
tistics alone,  the  average  ultimate  number  of  children  to  each 
mother  in  Bhode  Island  is  probably  more  than  6.90. 

In  Walford's  Insurance  Cyclopedia,  pp.  190-191,  are  tables 
taken  from  the  first  Eeport  of  the  Registrar-General  for  Scot- 
land, from  which  it  appears  that  "  in  1855  the  number  of  mar- 
ried women  who  registered  the  births  of  children  in  Edinburgh 
during  that  year  was  4,208;  and  these  had  borne  15,709  chil- 
dren— giving  an  average  of  3.7  children  to  every  mother.  In 
Glasgow,  during  the  same  year,  12,365  married  women  regis- 
tered a  birth, — these  had  borne  47,180  children — giving  the 
proportion  of  3.8  children  to  every  fruitful  mother."  "Dr. 
Stark,  the  medical  officer  of  the  Department,  says:  'the  large- 
ness of  the  numbers  from  these  two  towns  gives  these  tables  a 
value  much  beyond  that  of  any  similar  statistics  which  have 
yet  been  published,  and  the  general  accordance  of  the  two  tables 
shows  that  faith  may  be  put  in  their  results,  as  affording  a 
general  and  very  close  approximation  to  the  comparative  fruit- 
fulness  of  each  fruitful  marriage  in  Scotland/" 

If  we  apply  to  these  statistics  our  method  of  estimating  the 
average  ultimate  number  of  children  to  each  mother,  multi- 
plying the  averages  stated  above  by  two,  we  find  that  the 
statements  are  as  follows:  For  Edinburgh  7.4,  for  Glasgow 
7.6  children  to  each  fruitful  mother  in  1855.  The  compiler 
has  no  means  of  ascertaining  at  this  time  whether  the  birth- 
rate was  increasing,  decreasing,  or  stationary.  It  is  possible 
that  it  was  decreasing,  and,  if  so,  our  statement  of  the  average 
ultimate  number  of  children  is  too  large,  for  the  reason  pre- 
viously explained.  It  will  be  noticed  that  it  is  a  little  larger 
than  the  average  for  Rhode  Island,  the  estimate  for  which, 
however,  we  have  some  reason  to  believe  is  too  small. 
9 


•6  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPOBT. 

In  order  to  compare  these  statements  with  those  of  the 
average  ultimate  number  of  children  to  each  family,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  reduce  them  for  the  proportion  of  wives  that  bear 
no  children.  So  far  as  relates  to  this  country  the  most  availa- 
ble data  for  this  purpose  known  to  the  compiler,  may  be  cal- 
culated from  the  statistical  table  published  by  Dr.  Hifechcook, 
from  whiah  it  appears,  by  our  calculation,  that  in  Kalamazoo 
at  that  time  the  statement  of  the  average  number  of  children 
borne  by  each  mother  should  be  reduced  by  13.63  per  cent  in 
order  to  make  it  a  correct  statement  of  the  average  number  to 
each  family.  If  we  thus  reduce  the  statement  for  Rhode 
Island, — 6.90  children  to  each  mother, — by  13.63  per  cent,  we 
find  the  estimated  number  of  children  to  each  family  to  be 
5.96.  This  is  only  .46  more  than  Mr.  Ansell  found  true  for 
Class  "General"  in  the  "  Upper  Classes  in  England,"  and  only 
.51  more  than  we  found  from  our  Vital  Statistics  to  be  the 
average  in  Michigan.  It  is  1.64  less  than  we  have  calculated 
for  Kalamazoo,  by  Dr.  Hitchcock's  statistics,  whioh,  however, 
it  is  possible,  may  make  the  average  too  high.  The  proportion 
of  barren  wives  in  Kalamazoo  may  be  no  certain  indication  of 
the  proportion  in  Scotland,  but  in  order  to  compare  with  the 
estimates  already  made,  it  may  be  well  to  use  it,  provisionally. 
(By  Mr.  Ansell's  table  it  appears  that  in  the  "  Upper  Classes  in 
England  "  the  proportion  of  childless  wives  was  8.19  per  cent 
This  was  among  those  who  had  all  passed  the  child-bearing  age.) 
Beducing  the  7.4  children  to  each  mother  in  Edinburgh,  and 
the  7.6  children  to  each  mother  in  Glasgow,  by  13.63  per  cent, 
we  ind  the  average  number  of  children  to  each  family  to  be 
♦6.40  in  Edinburgh,  and  6.56  in  Glasgow.  This  is  respectively 
.95  and  l.ll  children  to  each  family  more  than  computed  from 
the  Vital  Statistics  for  this  States  and  .44  and  .60  children  to 
each  family  more  than  is  computed  above  for  Rhode  Island. 

On  the  whole  it  seems  reasonable  to  conclude  that  the  meth- 
ods herein  proposed  will,  with  proper  modifications,  enable  us  to 
form  estimates  on  this  subject  which  will  approximate  the  truth. 


CHILDREN  TO  EACH  MARRIAGE.  67 

If  this  is  so,  the  resulting  statements  are  so  different  from 
those  heretofore  worked  out  by  the  other  methods  mentioned 
that  it  would  seem  that  the  previous  results  must  be  wrong, 
excepting  those  reached  by  such  methods  as  that  adopted 
by  Mr.  Ansell,  who  obtained,  for  the  comparatively  small 
numbers  dealt  with,  the  exact  facts  required,  on  schedules 
prepared  by  himself.  It  certainly  seems  strange  that  in 
this  enlightened  age  the  statistics  are  nowhere  collected 
by  the  proper  authorities  which  will  positively  decide  the 
question  of  the  average  ultimate  number  of  children  to 
each  wife  or  to  each  mother.  It  has  been  proposed  to 
estimate  the  number  by  dividing  the  annual  births  by  the 
annual  marriages;  but  this  will  not  approach  the  truth  except 
in  a  fixed  population  with  a  fixed  marriage  rate  and  a  fixed 
birth-rate,  which  conditions  nowhere  exist.  In  the  27th 
Eeport  of  the  Eegistrar-General  for  England,  published  in 
1866,  it  was  attempted  to  conquer  this  difficulty,  so  far  as 
relates  to  the  marriage  rate,  by  dividing  the  annual  births  by 
the  marriages  for  a  year  preceding  the  births  by  the  same  num- 
ber of  years  as  the  average  age  of  child-bearing  mothers 
exceeded  the  average  age  of  women  at  marriage.  But  even 
this  was  not  known  for  England.  In  Sweden  the  interval  was 
six  years,  and  a  computation  for  England  and  Scotland  by  the 
above  method,  using  the  six  year  interval  found  for  Sweden, 
gave  results  as  follows:  "  In  England  the  births  thus  deter- 
mined to  a  marriage  were  4.255,  4.301,  4.304,  in  the  years  1862, 
1863,  and  1864.  In  Scotland,  the  births  in  1862  to  the  average 
marriages  of  six  years  earlier  date  (1855, 1856,  and  1857),  were 
4.694."  *  This  is  so  much  below  the  number  found  by  Mr. 
Ansell  for  the  upper  classes  in  England  that  it  does  not  seem 
very  probable  that  it  is  as  near  the  truth  as  the  statements 
reached  by  the  methods  hereinbefore  proposed. 

*  Walfbrd's  Ins.  Cyclopedia,  Vol.  III.,  Part  III.,  p.  192. 


68 


SIXTH  BEGISTRATION  BEPOBT. 


EXHIBIT  4. — Average  Number  of  Children  Borne  by  Fruit- 
ful  Mothers  Living,  and  the  Estimated  Average  intimate 
Number  of  Children  to  each  Mother  and  to  each  Family 
(Stillbirths  included). 


LOCALITY. 


Average  Ulti- 
mate Number 
of  Children, 
including 
Stillbirths. 


08=3 


Michigan  (births  1S71-2) *>  5.45 

o  7.60 

o  5.96 

d  5.50 

o  6.40 

o  6.56 

•  4.69 

»  4.80 


Kalamazoo,  Michigan  (1867  and  previously) 

Rhode  Island  (fraitful  mother?,  1857-1872) 

Class  "General"  in  Upper  Classes  in  England 

Edinburgh  (fruitful  mothers,  1855) 

Glasgow  (fruitful  mothers,  1855) 

Scotland  (births  1862,  marriages  1855, 1856, 1857) 

England  (births  18C2-3-4,  marriages  six  years  before). 


o 


CJT3  **  ^* 
jT  3  9>  ♦* 

•3*85 
a 

g  S  d  fi 


§rg 


»  *  5  > 


8.8 

4.4 

6.90 

8.45 

7.4 

8.7 

7.6 

8.8 

# 

ft  For  Scotland  and  England  the  statement  is  to  each  marriage;  and  although  in- 
tended to  do  so,  in  the  opinion  of  the  compiler  it  does  not  show  the  true  number  to 
each  family. 

b  Computed  by  compiler's  methods  from  per  cent,  of  births  to  women  aged  15  to  45. 

e  Computed  by  compiler's  method,  by  doubling  the  average  number  already  borne 
by  each  mother,  and  decreasing  by  18.68  per  cent.,  as  an  allowance  for  barren  wives. 

d  Ascertained  by  schedules  prepared  by  Mr.  Ansell. 

The  results  of  the  preceding  examination  of  the  evidence  at 
hand,  bearing  upon  this  subject,  may  now  be  most  convenient- 
ly studied  in  tabular  form,  and  for  this  the  reader  is  respect- 
fully referred  to  Exhibit  3,  page  62,  for  the  comparisons  of 
births  in  this  State,  of  native  and  of  foreign-born  mothers,  and 
to  Exhibit  4,  for  comparisons  of  births  in  this  State  with  the 
births  of  some  foreign  women  in  their  own  native  homes.  To 
the  compiler,  the  summing  up  of  the  evidence  seems  entirely 
in  harmony  with  the  views  which  he  has  already  expressed, 
that  the  birth-rate  is  larger  among  the  lower  classes,  and 
that  its  decrease  is  mainly  a  result  of  a  tendency  toward 
increased  mental  and  physical  development  of  individuals* 


BIETHS  BY  COUNTIES,   PAREffT-tf  ATIVITY,  AND  SEX.      69 


TABLE  VIII. — Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  Counties  of 
Michigan,  by  Sex,  the  Total  Number  of  Children  born 
during  the  year  1872,  and  the  Parent-Nativity  of  such  Chil- 
dren, so  far  as  staled  in  the  Returns.    (Stillbirths  included.) 


• 

a 

o 

£> 

0 
V 

%4 

Nativity  of  Parents.* 

R 

eS 

a 

NOTHZB 

ubk'n. 

FATHER 

uhx'n. 

STATE 

Sex. 

r- • 

o 

kther 
ther. 

Mother 
Father. 

AND 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

a 

COUNTIES. 

o 

H 

o 

a 

M 

• 

a 

e? 

&* 

• 

& 

• 
•H 

& 

R 
P 

g 

w* 

9> 

©** 

»«2 

•H 

4» 

4) 

.d 

•*» 

u 

»-  «t 

u  cS 

■9* 

U 

♦* 

u 

■—> 

& 

«• 

o 

°S5 

•? 

o 

•8 

O 

o 

1 

fc 

fc 

fe 

889 

410 

ft 

187 

89 

tt 

'  Total.... 

27,098 

12,907 

9,721 

2,599 

1,859 

882 

Males 

14,467 

6,685 

5,018 

1,858 

717 

210 

«227 

72 

«88 

•  192 

State  k « 

Females . 

18,458 

6,245 

4,674 

1,241 

640 

178 

nso 

t  65 

*  55 

t«lT5 

,  Unknown 

88 

27 

29 

5 

2 

1 

•  ••  m 

8 

»  *  •  • 

1 

1 

15 

'  Total.... 

82 

11 

14 

8 

8 

•  •  mm 

Males 

16 

6 

8 

1 

mm  m^ 

*  m  .9  m 

1 

.... 

•  ••* 

.  Females. 
"  Total 

16 
666 

5 
848 

6 
200 

8 
68 

2 
16 

20 

12 

5 

•  •  *  m 

7 

Males 

888 

175 

101 

84 

7 

5 

6 

8 

2 

Allegan  i • 

Females . 

880 

168 

98 

28 

9 

14 

6 

2 



s    5 

Unknown 

8 

1 

1 

1 

r  Total. 

%   Males 

54 

14 

80 

6 

2 

2 

26 

7 

17 

1 

1 

I  Females. 

28 

7 

18 

5 

2 

1 

. 

r  Total 

60 

22 

25 

10 

8 

Males 

85 

14 

12 

8 

1 

Females 

25 

8 

18 

2 

2 

r  Total.... 

468 

880 

58 

46 

24 

5 

1 

8 

•  -*• 

1 

■1  Males 

245 

177 

81 

20 

12 

4 

1 

[  Females. 

218 

158 

22 

26 

12 

1 

*  m  m  m 

8 



1 

»  "Native"  includes  only  those  born  in  the  United  States.  Those  cases  in  which 
the    birthplace  was  returned  as  "America"  were  compiled  with  the  "Unknown" 

b  For  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  were  received,  see  Table  XXI. 

c  Five  mothers  "America.". «  4  fathers  "America."  •  1  father  "America,"  15 mothers 
"America."  f  2  mothers  "America."  *  2  fathers  "America."  »» 2  fathers  "America." 
15  mothers  "America."  *  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births 
in  1872,  for  which  see  Table  XXI. 


70 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VIII. — Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 
Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


• 

E 

Nativity  of  Parents.* 

MOTHER 

FATHER 

V 

« 

« 

unk'n. 

UNK'N. 

Sbx. 

2 

O 

o 

u 

o 

1 

a 

> 

OS 

• 

p 
b* 

u 
O 

Foreign   Father 
Native  Mother. 

Foreign  Mother 

Native  Father. 

counties. 

Father. 

Mother. 

a 

* 

o 
a 

► 

03 

82 

p 

bO 

u 

o 

ft 

94 

■ 

« 
2 

• 

O 

2 

M 

a 

a 

xi 

o 

« 

f  Total.... 

888 

13S 

816 

80 

46 

78 

Bay h 

Males 

Females . 

409 
428 

72 
65 

154 
162 

84 
46 

21 
25 

44 
88 

45 
46 

*  a  a  • 

2 

1 
1 

88 

88 

Unknown 

6 

1 

8 

2 

'  Total  — 

75 

40 

19 

8 

7 

1 

Benzie - 

Males 

Females. 
*  Total.... 

40 

85 

670 

17 

28 

885 

12 

7 
174 

4 
4 

46 

7 

1 

19 

16 

18 

4 

8 

Berrien < 

Males 

Females . 

.  Unknown 

:  Total.... 

'  Males.... 

Females . 

842 
827 
1 
511 
279 
281 

191 
198 
1 
487 
284 
202 

96 

78 

22 
24 

10 
9 

7 
9 

10 

8 

8 

1 

m  «««■• 

8 

b    5 

Branch -i 

28 
21 

7 

24 
18 
11 

19 

10 

9 

■  «■■ 

MM*  W 

•>  «** 

8 
1 
2 

««•>• 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  •> 

.  Unknown 
'  Total.... 

1 
Ml 

1 

448 

• 

101 

51 

29 

2 

8 

8 

8 

1 

Males 

848 

282 

62 

29 

14 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

.  Females. 

298 

216 

89 

22 

15 

1 

1 

2 

2 

•  <■•«> 

'  Total.... 

889 

277 

20 

22 

11 

8 

.... 

8 

.... 

8 

Males 

Females . 

Unknown 

'  Total  — 

Males 

Females . 

174 

162 

8 

60 

82 

23 

142 

188 

2 

2S 

14 

14 

9 
11 

18 

7 
6 

12 
9 
1 

11 

7 
4 

7 

4 

1 
2 

"•"* 

8 

.... 

8 

7 
4 
8 

1 

Charlevoix  •..-' 

1 

•  "Native"  includes  only  those  born  in  the  United  States.    Those  cases  in  which 
the  birthplace  was  returned  as  '•  America"  were  compiled  with  the  **  Unknown." 

*  One  "America." 

a  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872,  for  which  see 
Table  XXI. 


BIRTHS  BY  COUNTIES,   PABENT-NATIVITY,  AND  SEX.     71 


TABLE  VIII.— Continued.— Births  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 

Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


• 

a 

O 
.Q 

a 

o 

M 

Nativity  of  Pabbnts.  • 

a 

as 

a 

OS 

MOTHEB 

FATHEB 
UNK'N. 

COUNTIES. 

Sex. 

■ 

O 

<~ 

o 

B 

a 

& 

• 
OS 

o 
fa 

Foreign  Father 
Native  Mother 

Foreign  Mothe] 
Native  Father. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

a 

o 

0 

• 
> 

■*-> 

«s 

l 

a 

"53 

ft 

o 

• 

a> 

-t-> 

OS 

«•€»€•* 

& 

o 

1* 

9 
fa 

1 

M 

§ 

o 

0Q 

Total 

74 

22 

85 

11 

2 

* 

Males 

Females . 

86 
37 

8 
34 

20 
14 

5 
6 

1 
1 

St 

Cheboygan - 

l 

m  *  —  * 

•  -«•• 

1 

.  Unknown 
'  Total.... 

1 
76 

81 

1 
18 

15 

4 

m  m  c»  m 

1 

4 

.... 

t 

Chippewa - 

Males 

42 

16 

6 

9 

8 

«ft  *  0»  * 

1        2 

.... 

5 

.  Females. 

84 

15 

7 

6 

1 

.... 

•  *•• 

2 

.... 

8 

f  Total.... 

19 

9 

10 

14 

8 

,6 

2 
2 

2 
2 

1 
1 

1  Females. 

f  Total.... 

515 

845 

81 

61 

27 

*)••«■ 

•  *  *  * 

1 

.... 

.... 

Clinton ........ 

Males 

„  Females . 

288 
288 

192 
158 

52 
29 

25 
86 

14 
18 

1 

.... 

.... 

Total 

522 

414 

28 

84 

18 

17 

2 

6 

.... 

18 

Males.... 
Females.. 

274 
248 

206 
208 

16 

7 

22 
12 

7 
6 

9 

8 

2 

4 

2 



8 

5* 

Unknown 

5 
61 

5 
45 

f  Total 

2 

2 

1 

**«■• 

*••• 

1 

«•*** 

•  «■••>- 

[  Females. 

21 

19 

1 

1 

80 

26 

1 

1 

1 

*  *  m  m 

1 

«•«■** 

.... 

f  Total.— 

599 

888 

95 

60 

46 

5 

.... 

1 

.... 

* 

Genesee 

* 

Males 

Females . 

809 

288 

208 

1       185 

48 
46 

80 

80 

22 
28 

4 
1 

a  *  m  * 

1 



1 
* 

Unknown 

S 

!l 

1 

t 

1 

»  "Native"  includes  only  those  horn  in  the  United  States.  Those  cases  in  which 
the  birthplace  was  returned  as  "America  "  were  compiled  with  the  *•  Unknown." 

b  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872,  for  which  see- 
Table  XXI. 

«  No  returns. 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION   BEPOET, 


TABLE  VIII. — Coktindbd.— Births  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 
Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


MstcB._._ 

Malea.... 

Females . 


Hales.... 
Fumal  cs. 
Uiiknowi 
Toial.... 
Males.... 
Females. 


Total .... 

Malta.... 


NlTlTITI  OF  i'lEEXTS.  ■ 


■wnshlps  not  reprice  Died  by  n 


BIRTHS  BY  COUNTIES,  PARENT-NATIVITY,  AND  SEX.       73 


TABLE  VTIL— Continued.— Bi rth s  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 

Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


E 

o 
a 

■ 

Nativity  of  Parents.  » 

•a 

a 

P 

m 

MOTHER 

unk'n. 

FATHER 
UHK'N. 

Sex. 

O 

a* 

o  ■♦-• 

COUNTIES. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

a 

Ui 

o 

1 

p 

• 

>• 

♦J 

OS 

• 

a 
•*« 

V 

u, 

O 

a  o 

m  as 

e 
a 

• 

► 

M 

525 

1 

• 

S3 
2 

1 

J4 

a 
p 

.4 

'  Total.... 

12S 

93 

19 

9 

4 

.... 

Isabella < 

Males 

Females . 
b  Unknown 
r  Total.... 

66 

61 

1 

6S7 

46 
47 

458 

9 

10 

115 

7 
2 

60 

1 

2 

1 

89 



1 

2 

*  *  •« 



6 

8 

1 

2 

8 

Jackson -\ 

Males 

845 

220 

60 

81 

20 

5 

2 

1 

1 

5 

L  Females . 

342 

288 

55 

29 

19 

1 

1 

w  •  w  * 

1 

8 

f  Total.... 

624 

858 

164 

54 

26 

8 

3 

4 

•  *  •  • 

12 

Kalamazoo  ...< 

Males 

Females . 
.  Unknown 
r  Total.... 

V  Males 

1  Females.. 
*  Total .... 

811 

810 

8 

27 

16 

11 

1,290 

180 

171 

2 

10 

6 

4 

552 

78 
91 

28 
26 

17 
9 

8 

5 

2 
1 

2 
2 

•  <•  •  » 

«  *  m  m 

6 

5 
1 

13 

7 

6 

457 

8 

2 

1 

142 

1 

Kalkaska 

1 

70 

22 

82 

7 

4 

4 

Kent •< 

Males 

Females.. 
.  Unknown 
'  Total.... 

657 

629 

4 

90 

298 

258 

1 

225 

280 

2 

65 

70 

71 

1 

5 

82 
88 

15 

7 

16 
16 

8 
4 

1 
8 

2 
2 

2 

m  mm  m 

12 

.... 

1 

4 

Keweenaw  *>..  - 

Males 

44 

80 

8 

1 

.... 

9 

.... 

.... 

1 

w  Females. 

46 

1 

85 

2 

1 

•  •  •  • 

8 

.... 

1 

8 

'  Total.... 
Males 

24 

18 

12 
6 

6 
4 

8 
8 

8 

Lake - 

.  Females. 
"  Total.... 

11 
414 

6 
169 

2 
127 

63 

8 
47 

1 

1 

2 

1 

8 

Males 

Females . 
.  Unknown 

218 

198 

8 

90 

78 

1 

70 

55 

2 

80 
88 

22 
25 

1 

«  w  «  * 

1 

1 
1 

1 

2 
1 

»  •'Native"  includes  only  those  born  in  the  United  States.  Those  cases  in  which 
the  birthplace  was  returned  as  "  America"  were  compiled  with  the  "  Unknown." 

b  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1S72,  for  which  see 
Table  XXI. 


74 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VIII. — Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 

Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


• 

a 

O 

0 
V 

Nativity  of  Parents.  » 

a 

a 

c3 

MOTHER 
UNK'N. 

PATHKB 
UNK*N. 

Six. 

2 

O 
o 

Foreign  Father 
Native  Mother. 

Foreign  Mother 
Native  Father. 

COUNTIES. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

1 

0. 
0 

a 

o 

hi 

«) 

B 

0 

• 

► 

• 

a 
to 
"5 

o 

• 
4) 

>■ 

•H 

* 

u 

• 

► 

•H 

• 

a 
"3 

'  Total.... 
Males 

.  Females. 
'  Total.... 

158 
80 
78 

801 

52 
80 
22 

528 

74 

87 

87 

149 

16 
8 
8 

66 

11 
5 
6 

86 

Leelanaw ....  - 

1 

8 

7 

s 

8 

Males 

426 

275 

88 

84 

20 

1 

7 

4 

1 

1 

Lenawee -\ 

Females . 
.  Unknown 
'  Total.... 

878 

2 

880 

252 

1 

279 

65 
1 

48 

82 

16 

»»«  m 

1 

8 

2 

2 

85 

10 

mm  »m 

1 

*««« 

mm  m 

T 

Livingston  ...- 

Males 

201 

154 

24 

15 

5 

8 

.  Females. 

179 

125 

24 

20 

5 

•  »WM 

1 

•  *•• 

mmmm 

4 

..;  .. 

'  Total.... 

568 

222 

155 

68 

87 

22 

50 

1 

1 

2 

Males 

296 

108 

85 

41 

21 

18 

82 

•  »«  m 

.... 

1 

.  Females. 

257 

119 

70 

22 

16 

9 

18 

1 

1 

1 

'  Total.... 

240 

42 

108 

14 

10 

18 

87 

1 

8 

7 

Manistee  • - 

Males 

182 

24 

58 

7 

6 

12 

28 

1 

1 

45 

„  Females. 

108 

18 

55 

7 

4 

C 

14 

.... 

2 

2 

'  Total.— 
Males 

.  Females. 
'  Total.... 

15 

8 

7 

568 

2 

1 

1 

52 

12 

7 

5 

461 

1 

Maniton  ....... 

1 
81 

11 

M  MM  * 

4 

.... 

2 

T 

Males.... 

811 

27 

247 

20 

8 

•  8 

.... 

1 

5 

Marquette 

Females . 
Unknown 

256 
1 

25 

214 

11 

8 

*••• 

1 



1 

1 
1 

»  "Native"  includes  only  those  born  in  the  United  States.  Those  cases  in  which 
the  birthplace  was  returned  as  "America"  were  compiled  with  the  "Unknown.** 
bNo  returns.  «  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  births  in  1872,  for  which 
see  Table  XXI.    *  1  Father  "  America."    •  2  Mothers  "  America.1* 


BIETHS  BY  COUNTIES,   PARENT-HATIVITY,  AND  SEX.       75 


TABLE  VIIL— Continued.— Births  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 

Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


e 

] 

Nativity  of 

Parents.  » 

P 

14 

a 

«3 

IS 

§ 

MOTHER 

unk'x. 

FATHER 
UNK'N. 

8ex. 

2 

s 

*-• 
o 

*<• 
Q> 

£> 

B 

0 

• 

OS 

• 

p 

•t— > 
V 

hi 

O 

Foreign  Father 
Native  Mother. 

Foreign  Mother 
Native  Father. 

COUNTIES. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

a 

* 

o 

1 

A 

■4* 

o 

n 

• 

1 

• 

o 

Hi 

S 
i 

• 

it 

> 

•a 

at 
1 

2         Foreign. 

'  Total  — 

148 

62 

58 

21 

8 

1 

Mason. 

Males 

.  Females. 

T2 
76 

80 
82 

27 
26 

12 
9 

2 
6 

% 

1 

i 

1 

•••• 

•  •  •• 

r  Total  — 

;  Males 

L  Females . 

171 

78 

44 

22 

25 

•  ••  • 

.... 

1 

•  •  •  • 

1 

Mecosta .- 

92 
79 

47 

81 

20 
24 

11 
11 

18 
12 

r 

•  ••_ 

•  m  ar  • 

1 

«  m  *  m 

r  Total  — 

[  Males 

L  Females. 
'  Total  — 

29 
16 
18 
96 

2 

2 
54 

17 

10 

7 

20 

6 
4 

2 
12 

8 
2 
1 

8 

i 

Menominee.  ._ 

t 

1 

l 

Midland  * 

Males 

.  Females. 

'  Total  — 

Males 

65 
41 
10 

4 

29 

25 

8 

2 

15 
5 
8 

4 
8 
4 
2 

6 
2 

1 

i 

Missaukee  ...  h 

.  Females. 
'  Total  — 

6 
688 

1 
880 

8 
160 

2 
54 

85 

5 

2 

1 

•  ••• 

l 

Monroe  * 

Males— 

818 

198 

76 

25 

18 

4 

1 

— 

•  ••• 

l 

.  Females. 

820 

187 

84 

29 

17 

1 

1 

1 

•  •  •• 

•  ••  • 

'  Total  — 

825 

196 

89 

29 

18 

81 

7 

1 

.... 

4 

i 

Males 

152 

88 

17 

14 

11 

18 

2 

•  •  w  * 

2 

Montcalm*.—- 

Females . 
,  Unknown 
'  Total  — 

172 

1 

271 

107 

1 

97 

22 

15 

7 

18 

5 

1 



fr 

105 

80 

14 

8 

14 

2 

«•-   • 

1 

Males 

186 

54 

48 

14 

8 

8 

8 

1 

•  •  •  • 

Mnskegon*... 

Females . 
,  Unknown 

184 
1 

42 
1 

57 

16 

6 

5 

6 

1 

www* 

1 

a  "Native"  includes  only  those  born  in  the  United  States.    Those  cases  in  which 

the  birthplace  was  returned  as  "America"  were  compiled  with  the  "Unknown." 

*  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  births  in  1872,  for  which  see  Table  XXI, 


76 


SIXTH  BEGISTRATIOtf  BEPORT. 


TABLE  VIII. — Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 

Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


• 

a 
u 

o 
.0 

a 

V 
hi 

Nativity  of 

Parents 

. » 

0 

% 

at 

mother 
unk'n. 

FATHER 

unk\n. 

Sex. 

3 

O 

• 

*  0 

1- 

COUNTIES. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

a 

0 
a 

•W 

t-4 
O 

B 

a 

• 

0 

> 

a 

e 

a? 

as 

• 

7 

& 

O 

4 

• 

► 
8 

O 
ft 

1 

a 
a 

.a 
*■» 
0 
oq 

'  Total.... 

189 

74 

28 

12 

18 

2 

Newaygo  b - 

Males 

71 

84 

14 

4 

11 

8 

«••>«•> 

8 

•    «•>•> 

2 

,  Females. 

68 

40 

9 

8 

2 

4 

4 

•1  ■)•)  •> 

1 

.... 

'  Total 

645 

296 

67 

57 

81 

42 

19 

8 

1 

9 

Males 

2S7 

164 

48 

29 

18 

28 

9 

2 

.... 

4 

,  Females. 

25S 

182 

44 

28 

18 

19 

10 

1 

1 

5 

f  Total.... 

218 

128 

51 

11 

12 

.... 

.... 

4 

•  •>.- 

12 

!   Males 

[  Females. 

115 

68 

80 

9 

6 

•>-»  •• 

.... 

1 

«•>••> 

6 

108 

65 

21 

2 

6 

.... 

.... 

8 

•  ••»  ai 

6 

'  Total.... 
Males 

53 
85 

2 
1 

51 
80 

5 

4 

Ontonagon - 

Females. 
'  Total.... 

23 
106 

1 

60 

21 
29 

1 

7 

• 

9 

1 

•>•>  «  •* 

Osceola  *>_... .- 

Males 

Females. 

4S 
58 

21 
89 

17 
12 

5 
2 

5 
4 

1 

•  V*  • 

'  Total.... 

730 

802 

847 

64 

80 

1 

8 

4 

6 

28 

Males 

428 

162 

198 

81 

16 

1 

2 

c» 

*13 

Females . 

Unknown 

f  Total.... 

854 

8 

26 

140 
1 

151 

8 

19 

88 

14 



8 

•  2 

•  1 

flO 

2 

2 

«■*• 

2 

Presquelsleb-- 

Males 

12 

1 

10 

1 

.  Females. 

14 

9 

2 

1 

-•.•>•> 

2 

'  Total—. 

1,224 

848 

6S4 

118 

43 

7 

16 

4 

1 

8 

Males 

610 

15S 

858 

54 

27 

8 

10 

2 

•  a>  m  m 

8 

■ 

Females  - 
t  Unknown 

609 
5 

188 
2 

880 
1 

64 

16 

4 

6 

2 

1 

8 
2 

•  "  Native"  includes  only  those  born  in  the  United  States.  Those  cases  in  which 
the  birthplace  was  returned  as  "America"  were  compiled  with  the  "Unknown.1* 
b  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  births  in  1872,  for  which  see 
Table  XXI.  •  4  Fathers  "America."  *  12  "America."  •  Fathers  "America." 
t  "  America." 


BIRTHS  BY  COUNTIES,  PARENT-NATIVITY,  AND  SEX.       77 


TABLE  VIII. — Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Parent- 

Nativity ,  and  by  Sex. 


Number  of  Children  born. 

Nativ 

ITT  or  Pabihtb.  » 

Sex. 

• 

«s 

• 

p 

Foreign  Father  and 
Native  Mother. 

^Foreign  Mother  and 
Native  Father. 

XOTHZB 

umx'n. 

FATHSB 

uwk'n. 

COUNTIES. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

g 

o 
d 

!        Native. 
• 

u 

o 

4 

!      1  Native. 
• 

o 
1 

M 

a 

© 

'  Total.... 

485 

83 

299 

57 

85 

i 

Males 

212 

21 

148 

26 

20 

.... 

1 

.... 

1 

•  •  •  • 

.  Females. 

228 

17 

156 

81 

15 

.... 

8 

m  m  *  • 

.... 

i 

'  Total.... 

18 

8 

6 

2 

2 

Schoolcraft...  h 

Males 

Females. 
'  Total.... 

7 

6 

440 

1 

2 

291 

8 
8 

78 

1 

1 

46 

2 

m 

22 

«•  •  ^m 

1 

•  ••. 

1 

i 

Shiawassee  —  - 

Males 

226 

144 

40 

28 

13 

•  m  »» 

*    1 

.  Females. 

214 

Ul 

88 

18 

9 

o     1 

i 

'  Total.... 

982 

164 

592 

121 

90 

4 

8 

2 

1 

5 

St.  Clair ■ 

Males 

Females . 
„  Unknown 
'  Total.... 

605 

476 

1 

895 

77 
87 

806 

811 

280 

1 

51 

62 
59 

49 

41 

1 
8 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

18 

12 

-••• 

»  •  *  m 

5 

-•«- 

8 

St.  Joseph - 

Males 

206 

161 

22 

11 

7 

«M»  • 

8 

■  ••• 

2 

„  Females. 

189 

145 

29 

7 

5 

.... 

.... 

2 

«  WM  « 

1 

f  Total.... 

891 

190 

111 

50 

88 

1 

.... 

8 

1 

2 

Males 

195 

97 

59 

25 

18 

»  a*  • 

•  •mm 

1 

.... 

•  *  m  m 

Females. 

196 

98 

52 

25 

20 

1 

.... 

2 

1 

2 

1 

VanBuren.-.-l 
i 

'  Total.... 

548 

426 

89 

48 

21 

8 

1 

8 

2 

5 

Males.... 

296 

282 

21 

26 

10 

1 

1 

2 

.... 

8 

1 

,  Females. 

252 

194 

18 

22 

11 

2 

.... 

1 

2 

9 

'  Total.... 

678 

810 

226 

86 

40 

5 

.... 

2 

1 

8 

Washtenaw...  - 

Males.... 

889 

168 

95 

50 

24 

2 

a  m  «  v 

1 

1 

8 

Females. 

889 

147 

181 

86 

16 

8 

»  »«•• 

1 

.... 

5 

»  "Native"  inclndes  only  those  born  in  the  United  States.    Those  cases  in  which 
the  birthplace  was  returned  as  "America"  were  compiled  with  the  "Unknown." 
Mother  "  America."    «  Father  "  America," 


SIXTH   BEQISTRATION  EEPORT. 


TABLE  Vm.- Continued. — Births  by  Counties,  by  Parant- 
Nativity,  and  by  Sex. 


Unknoi 
Total.. 


N»ti»itt  o»  PiBiHTS.  ■ 


1 

"SS5" 

VSZ 

Hi 

rather. 

Mather. 

► 

i 

I 

1 

f 

: 
a 

865 

i« 

l« 

B4 

n 

« 

a 

188 

M 

I   g 

o  21 

• 

IT 

<u 

1T6 

1 
1 

n 

1 

•IS 

s 

IT 

•  s* 

1 

'  1  mother  ' 
I  Bicopt  of  V 
Table  XXI. 


o  moiled  wi 
i  3  "Ameri 


is  In  1ST!,  Tor  which  i 


TWINS. 

By  comparing  Table  IX.  with  Table  II.,  on  page  3,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  order  of  greatest  number  of  twins  by  months 
was  not  the  same  as  of  all  births,  although  there  was  a  gen- 
eral correspondence.  As  a  general  rule  in  both  eases,  the 
least  numbers  were  reported  in  the  first  months  of  the  year. 
This  is  believed  to  be  due,  in  great  part,  to  omissions  in  enu- 
merating, because  of  the  length  of  time  which  elapses  before 
the  supervisors  and  assessors  go  around  to  collect  and  record 
the  births, — the  longer  the  time  the  greater  the  proportion  of 
births  omitted.  The  only  remedy  which  seems  practicable,  is 
to  provide  for  having  the  births  placed  npon  a  public  record 
by  the  parents,  or  by  the  physician  in  attendance. 


BIRTHS  OF  TWIKS. 


79 


TABLE  IX. — Exhibiting,  by .  Sex,  the  Number  of  Pairs  of 
Twins,  and  the  Number  of  Twin  Children  returned  as 
having  been  bom  in  Michigan  during  the  Year  1872,  by 
Months  arranged  in  order  by  Number;  also,  by  Pairs  and 
by  Individuals  the  Number  of  Males  to  100  Females. 


TEAK 
MONTHS. 


Tear  1872 


V 

So 


September. 
December.. 
August 


April 
Jane. 


.November.. 


Average  per  month 

fJaly 

March 

May 

October 

February... 
January  


s  « 


Number  of  Twin 
Children. 


2 

o 


684 


T6 

74 

64 

62 

68 

68 

57.0 

56 

54 

54 

54 

44 

80 


00 

3 


826 


81 

41 

26 

84 

81 

84 

27.2 

28 

25 

26 

28 

17 

15 


00 
V 

•3 

I 


858 


45 

88 

88 

28 

27 

24 

29.8 

88 

29 

28 

81 

27 

J5 


o  o 


91 


69 
124 

68 
121 
115 
142 


70 
86 
98 
74 
68 
100 


NUMBIB  OF  PAIBfl  OF  TWIHB. 


5 

o 


842 


88 

87 

82 

81 

29 

29 

2S.5 

28 

27 

27 

27 

22 

15 


3* 

1 


103 


10 
15 

9 
12 
10 
11 

8.5 

6 

8 

9 

6 

2 

5 


.d 

o 

• 
CD 
V 

4> 

f-+ 

%* 

oS 

o 

a 

Q> 

0) 

a 

fe 

O 

119 


17 
11 
15 

9 

8 

6 

9.9 
11 
10 
10 
10 

7 


120 


11 
11 

8 
10 
11 
12 
10.0 
11 

9 

8 
11 
13 


SX3 

o  8 

•o  o 


H 
0Q 


86 


91 

186 

118 

120 

91 

92 


65 

89 

113 

65 

15 

100 


o  • 

si 


8T 

H 

186 
M 

18S 
126 
188 


65 
89 

99 
60 
29 

100 


In  Table  IX.  it  may  be  noticed  that  the  order  of  greatest 
number  of  pairs  of  twins  in  1872  was:  One  of  each  sex,  120; 
both  females,  119;  both  males,  103  pairs.  In  1871,  the  order 
was,  one  of  each  sex,  males,  females;  while  in  1870  it  Was 
males,  one  of  each  sex,  females.  In  1871,  the  whole  number 
of  twins  was  less  than  in  1870,  and  the  proportion  of  males 
was  increased.  In  1872,  we  find  the  whole  number  of  twins 
greater  than  in  either  of  the  other  years  mentioned,  and  the 
proportion  of  males  is  decreased.  This  adds  one  more  instance 
of  agreement  with  a  proposition  published  on  page  78  of  the 
Eeport  for  1870,  to  the  effect  that  "  causes  tending  to  increase 


80 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


the  birth-rate  tend  also  to  increase  the  proportion  of  female 
offspring,  this  being  equivalent  to  decreasing  the  proportion 
of  males."  The  number  of  males  to  100  females  was,  in  1872, 
91;  in  1871,113;  in  1870,107. 

TABLE  X. — Parent-Nativity  of  Twins  Born  in  Michigan 

during  the  year  1872. 


NATIVITY  OF  PARENTS. 


All  nativities 

Both  native 

Both  foreign 

Foreign  father  and  native  mother. 
Foreign  mother  and  native  father 
Unknown  mother,  father  native. . 
Unknown  mother,  father  foreign. 
Unknown  father,  mother-  native. . 
Unknown  father,  mother  foreign  . 
Both  unknown 

One  or  both  native 

One  or  both  foreign 


Twins. 


No.  op  Pairs. 

Per  Ct.  of  xach  Parekt- 

Natiyitt  to  Total  o» 

all  Nativities. 

5 
o 
Eh 

• 
00 

a 

108 
41 

• 

a 

118 
60 

o  $ 

a  £ 

OS 

121 
51 

i— « 
Eh 

• 

08 

8 

• 

ou 
o 

B 
o 

One  of 
each  sex. 

842 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

152 

44.44 

89.80 

50.85 

42.15 

188 

44 

48 

46 

88.89 

42.72 

86.44 

88.62 

27 

9 

6 

12 

7.89 

8.74 

5.08 

9.92 

15 

7 

2 

6 

4.89 

6.80 

1.69 

4.96 

4 

2 

2 

1.17 

1.69 

1.65 

4 

.... 

2 

2 

1.17 

1.69 

1.65 

1 

1 

.... 

.29 

.97 

2 

.... 

1 

1 

.58 

.85 

.88 

4 

1 

58 

2 

TO 

1 

71 

1.17 

.97 

1.69 

.88 

199 

58.19 

56.81 

59.82 

58.68 

181 

60 

54 

67 

52*92 

58.25 

45.76 

55.87 

Table  X.  should  be  compared  with  Table  VIL,  on  page  44. 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  per  cent,  born  of  foreign  parents  is 
greater  among  twins  than  it  is  in  all  births. 


BIRTHS  OF  TWINS  BY  PARENT-NATIVITY  AND  COLOR.         81 

EXHIBIT  5.— By  Nativity  and  by  Color  of  Mothers,  the 
Number  and  Proportion  of  Twins,  in  Michigan,  during  the 
Tears  1871  and  1872. 


1871. 

1872. 

NATIVITY  AND    COLOR   OP 
MOTHERS. 

Number  of  Pairs 
of  Twins. 

Whole  Number 
of  Mothers  in- 
cluding  those 
of  Twins. 

Per   Cent,  of 
Births  of  Twiud 
to  all  Mothers. 

Nnmber  of  Pairs 
of  Twins. 

Whole  Number 
of  Mothers  in- 
cluding   those 
of  Twins. 

Per  Cent,  of 
Births  of  Twins 
to  all  Mothers. 

Mothers  of  all  colors  and  all  na- 
tivities   ._ 

298 

14S 

114 

86 

25,688 

18,496 

10,141 

2,051 

1.16 
1.10 
1.12 
1.76 

842 

180 

150 

12 

27,641 

15,459 

11,015 

1,167 

1  24 

All  native  mothers......... 

1.16 

All  for* igm  jnnthers^  r  r ,  r  T  -  -  - 

1.86 

Mothers  of  unknown  nativities.. 

1.08 

White. 

290 
1 
2 
8 
2 

25,268 

185 

81 

182 

77 

1.15 
.54 
6.45 
2.27 
2.60 

887 
»       8 

1 
1 

27,188 

121 

59 

169 

104 

1.24 

Black 

2.48 

Mulatto 

Indian — 

.59 

Unknown 

.96 

Black  and  Mulatto 

8 

216 

1.89 

»       8 

180 

1.67 

•  1  "colored"  andl  "negro." 

Exhibit  5  renders  it  easy  to  compare  the  native  and  foreign, 
and  the  white  and  colored,  mothers,  as  regards  the  relative 
proportion  of  such  mothers  that  bear  twins.  It  will  be  seen 
that  the  native  mothers  have  the  smallest  proportion  of  twins, 
and  that  the  white  mothers  have  a  smaller  proportion  than 
do  the  mothers  of  African  descent.  This  being  a  new  Ex- 
hibit and  only  covering  two  years,  the  evidence  is  not  yet  very 
conclusive.  It  seems  to  be  in  harmony  with  the  proposition 
that  the  physical  tendency  toward  reproduction  is  lessened 
among  the  most  highly  cultivated  classes,  which  tend  rather 
toward  individual  maintenance  and  development 
11 


82 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  M. — Parent-Nativity  of  Twins  born  in  Michigan 
during  the  Years  1870, 1871,  and  1872, — Relation  of  Native 
and  Foreign-born  Parents  to  Native  and  Foreign-born  Pop- 
ulation. 


NATIVITY  OP  PAR- 
ENTS OP  TWINS, 
AND  NATIVITY 

OP  INHABITANTS. 


All  nativities » 

Native b 

Foreign b 

Ail  nativities «■ 

Native t 

Poreign b 

All  nativities * 

Native b 

Poreign b 


Native  and  Foreign-born 
Population,  June  1, 1870. 


o 


c  1,158,156 
o  904,740 
o  253,426 

d  1,147,284 
d  894,202 
d  253,082 

e  1,169,288 
e  908,625 
•  260,658 


09 
O 


603,655 
468,422 
140,288 

597,768 
457,914 
189,854 

609,946 
465,886 
144,560 


09 


0 


554,511 
441,818 
118,193 

549,466 
486,2SS 
118,178 

559,887 
448,289 
116,098 


Parents  of  Twins  born  in  1870, 
1871,  and  1872. 


■4 
M 


1870 


1871- 


1872 


Number. 


•m  a 


620 
877 
248 


524 

288 
286 

654 
846 

808 


09 
ft 


810 
183 
127 


262 
140 
122 

827 
167 
160 


a 

o 


810 
194 
116 


262 
148 
114 

827 
179 

148 


Per  ct.  of  Par- 
ents to  pop- 
ulate on  of 
same  sex  and 
nativity. 


00 

si  *■» 


.05 
.04 
.10 


.05 
.03 
.09 

.06 
.04 
.12 


*4 

V 

& 


.05 
.04 
.09 


.04 
.08 
.09 

.05 
.08 
.11 


o 


.06 
.04 
.10 


.05 
.08 
.10 

.06 
.04 
.18 


•  Excludes  parents  of  unknown  nativities. 

b  Excluding  cases  where  nativity  of  either  parent  is  unknown. 

o  Except  of  counties  and  townships  not  represented  by  births  in  1870. 

*  Except  of  counties  and  townships  not  represented  by  births  in  1871. 
«  Except  of  counties  and  townships  not  represented  by  births  in  1872. 

Compare  Exhibit  M  with  Exhibit  H.  « 

By  Exhibit  M,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  relation  of  native  to 
foreign  parents  of  twins  differs  from  that  shown  for  all  births 
in  Exhibit  J,  p.  49,  the  proportion  of  twins  born  of  foreign- 
born  parents  being  greater  than  was  the  proportion  of  single 
births.  To  the  compiler  the  most  reasonable  inference  is  that 
this  is  one  of  the  illustrations  of  the  law  of  greater  tendency 
to  reproduction  because  of  lower  type  of  individuation  among 
the  foreign-born.  On  a  previous  page  it  has  been  suggested 
that  the  smaller  birth-rate  among  the  native-born  inhabitants 
may  be  in  great  part  due  to  intelligent  self-control  through  a 
better  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  reproduction.    This  explana- 


BIBTHS  OF  TWINS  BT   PARENT-NATIVITY,  ETC.  83 

tion  will  not  apply  to  the  still  smaller  proportion  of  twins 
among  the  native-born  inhabitants.  Sat  if  it  cannot  be  attrib- 
uted to  mental,  it  may  yet  be  due  to  physical  individuation. 
This  principle  is  well  understood  by  stock-breeders ;  at  least 
in  so  far  as  that  when  reproduction  does  not  occur  they  can 
sometimes  secure  offspring  from  their  high-bred  and  high-fed 
animals  by  such  means  as  tend  to  reduce  their  tendency  to 
store  up  fat. 

TABLE  XI. — parent-Nativity  of  Twins  born  in  Michigan 
during  the  year  187%, — distinguishing  between  Parents 
Natives  of  the  same  State,  and  those  born  in  different 
States  or  Countries. 


NATrvrrr  op  parents. 


All  nativities 

Same  American  or  Foreign  State 

Different  American  or  foreign  State... 

Foreign  father  and  native  mother 

Foreign  mother  and  native  father 

Unknown  mother,  father  native.. 

Unknown  mother,  father  foreign 

Unknown  father,  mother  native 

Unknown  father,  mother  foreign 

Bath  unknown 

Different  State  or  conn  try  •- 


3 

1 

i 

I 

i 

,0.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

R.11 

80.19 

68.10 

67.  OS 

12.22 

22,38 

21.18 

28.11 

T.S9 

8.T1 

G.08 

9.81 

4.89 

fl.ac 

1.68 

*.M 

1.17 

1.68 

1.8S 

1.17 

1.68 

1.65 

.29 

.« 

JS 

.86 

.SO 

Lit 

.« 

1.89 

M 

81.60 

BT.56 

1T.8J 

88.01 

»  Different  Ai_ 

I  "Foreign  mother  and  native  fa 


Table  XI.  may  be  compared  with  Table  XV.,  for  stillbirths. 


84 


SIXTH  KEGISTRATION  KEPOHT. 


TABLE  XIL— Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  Counties,  by  Sex, 
the  Number  of  Pairs  of  Twins,  the  Number  of  Twin  Chil- 
dren, and  the  Nativity  of  Parents  of  Twins  born  in  Mich- 
igan during  the  year  1872.    Nativity  stated  by  Pairs  of 
Twins. 


Sex. 

• 
00 

cs 
P 
T3 

> 

c 
1— 1 

o 

© 

e 

a 

681 
827 
857 

2 

• 

P 

Eh 
o 

00 

u, 

».* 

at 

Ph 

** 
O 
u 

© 

a 

a 

842 
108 
118 
121 

1 

Nativity  of  Parents.* 

STATE 

Native. 

Foreign. 

i 

at 

•a 

03 

© 

£5 
o 

& 

■fl)  © 

27 
9 
6 

t  12 

• 

03 

P 
03 
ki 
© 

• 

P  03 

'0  © 

15 
7 
2 
6 

Mother 
Unk'n. 

Father 
Unk'n. 

a 

o 

a 

00      . 

—  © 

a  *- 

Gy  03 

*~  *i 
aa  GO 

"*"© 

58 

O  03 

86 
b  20 
b  89 
h  27 

1 

4J 

a 

V 

t-, 

1 

fl  « 

P  © 

oS 

*-■  "^ 

*,* 

66 
e  21 
d  21 

24 

© 

a 

S 

a 

2>, 

*-> 

"2  a 

O  ° 

m° 

128 
d  42 

•  89 

d  42 

P 
V 
J-l 

•.*      . 
<T3    00 

i» 

•rH 

a*- 

o  s 

*■«  o 

10 
2 
4 

4 

AND 

Counties. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

> 

03 

4 

2 
2 

• 

p 
t* 
"© 

Ih 
O 
ft 

4 

2 
2 

• 

© 

► 

03 

1 

t  1 

• 

a 

bi 

"3 

0 

2 

r    1 
i    1 

• 

0 
a 

fc> 

State 

Total... 

Males... 

Females 

.  One  each 

4 
1 

8    S 
1 

Total... 
Males... 

• 

Alcona, - 

Females. 
„  One  each 

Total... 

Males... 

Females 
.One  each 

Total... 

Males... 

2 

1 

1 

. 

80 
16 
14 

2 

15 
4 
8 
8 
1 

8 
8 

5 

1 
4 

4 

1 
8 
1 



2 
1 

1 

Allegan ■ 

d    1 



1 

Alpena • 

Females 
.One  each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
One  each 

2 

1 





1 

6 
2 
4 

8 
1 
2 

2 

1 
1 

Barry -j 

b    2 



1 

*""l       " 

1 

*  See  foot-note  »  to  Table  VIII.  b  %  pair  still-born,  c  1  pair  "colored,"  1  pair  "ne- 
gro." 'I  pair  still-born.  «1#  pair  still-born.  U  pair  illegitimate,  si  pair  ille- 
gitimate, 1  pair  still-born.  h  1  pair  color  unknown,  8  pairs  still -born.  1 1  pair  father 
*•  America." 


BIRTHS  OF  TWINS  BY  COUNTIES,  PARENT-NATIVITY,  ETC.     85 


TABLE  XII. — Continued. — Parent-Nativity  of  Twins. 


Sex. 

• 

• 

«o 

i»a 

eg 

s 

i»n 
13 

a 
o 

hi 

« 

B 

24 

8 

16 

2 
2 
18 
9 
9 



14 

10 

4 

10 
5 
5 

a  a  «■€■ 

12 
7 
5 

a  a  m>  a 

4 
2 

2 
2 
2 

• 
CO 

a 
*~t 

St 

H 

o 

Id 

hi 

as 

«M 

o 
hi 

CO 

.o 

B 

a 

fc 

12 
2 
6 
4 
1 
1 
i   9 
8 
8 
8 
7 
4 
1 
2 
5 
2 
2 
1 
6 
8 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Nativity  or  Parents.* 

Native. 

Foreign. 

;         Foreign  Father  and  Na- 
J           tive  Mother. 

,      ;         Foreign  Mother  and  Na- 
!           tive  Father. 

Mother 
Uxk'n. 

Father 
U>k*n. 

a 
£ 

a  «-> 

CO  c« 

u  *- 

«8«> 

fit  a> 
PQ 

a  a  a  a 
a  a  a  a 
a  a  a  a 

a  aa  a 

8 

1 
2 
8 
1 
1 
1 
2 

o 

hi 

to 

0  00* 

o£ 

a  a  a  a 
a  a  a  a 
a  mmt  * 

5 
8 
2 

CO 

a 

at 

a  . 
p  >» 

V*    4-* 

6  ° 

|s 

8 
2 
5 
1 
1 
1 

;               From    difi'erent 
^         countries. 

Counties. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 
CO 

> 

ft 

& 
1 

•  FN 

V 

hi 

o 
2 

• 
® 

•A 

CO 

hi 

o 

• 

a 

o 
a 

■a 

Total  — 

Males... 

Females 

.One  each 

[  Tnfrnl 

Bay -1 

1 
1 

1 



mmmM  m 

1 

f  Females 

f  Total 

1 

1  MaIm 

Berrien - 

Females 
.  One  each 
Total- 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total- 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total  — 
Males... 
Females 

OnnMr.h 

1 

4 

8 

Branch • 

1 

8 

b    2 

1 

Calhoun... 

8 

o    2 

1 

mmmmmM 

«  a  aa 
•  a>a 
aa  aa 

1 
1 

1 

• 

1 
2 
1 
1 

(Total  — 

Cheboygan.-/  Males... 
1  Females 

* 

(Total.  . 

I  Mules 

•  See  foot-note  »  to  Table  VIII.    *  1  pair  "colored."    «  1  pair  "negro." 


86 


SIXTH  BEGISTBATION"  BEPOBT. 


TABLE  XII.— Continued.— Parent- Nativity  of  Twins. 


Ski. 

• 

m 

"3 

a 
>o 

«M 

o 

hi 

a 

a 

80 

8 

22 

8 
4 
4 
6 
4 
2 

•»  •  *  * 

4 
2 
2 

•  V  »  w 

10 
2 

8 

16 

10 

6 

6 
2 

4 
4 

4 

• 
00 

a 
? 

o 

o 
u 

V 

a 

a 

JZ3 

15 
2 
9 

4 
4 
2 
2 
8 
1 

Nativity  of  Parents.  • 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Foreign  Father  and  Na- 
te       tive  Mother. 

;         Foreign  Mother  and  Na- 
!          tive  Father. 

Mother 
Unk'n. 

Father 
Unk'n. 

B 
o 

00     * 

©  03 
rtOQ 

5 
1 
4 

1 

1 
1 
1 

8 

hi 

a  «i 

4 

8 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 

a 

oj 

00 

|      . 
it 

^   g 

PQ 

4 

1 
1 
2 

a 
« 
hi 

■H        • 

O  3 
hi  o 

Counties. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 
08 

o 

• 

© 

MX 

03 

• 

a 

"S 

hi 

o 

• 

a 

o 

a 

a 

f  Total 

Males 

Clinton - 

1  TlVmalpfl 

— 

1 
1 

|  On  a  Aftr.h 

f  Total 

1 

TCatnn            - 

Males... 

17  Am  a!  pa 

1 

f  Total... 

1  Males... 
Genesee...-f 

i  Females 





1 

[  One  each 
f  Total... 

2 

2 

1 
1 





1 

1 

Gr.  Trav'se- 

Females 
One  each 

• 

2 
6 

1 

1 
2 

1 

f  Total ... 

1 

1 

Males 

Fe^e. 
i  One  each 

Gratiot— .- 

8 
2 

8 
4 
2 
2 
8 
1 
2 
2 
2 

1 

4 
1 
2 
1 

•  •  m  m 

o>  •  •  ■» 
«•  •  ■»  * 

1 
1 
8 
2 

1 

1 

f  Total.. 

1 

■»■■  «0B 

Males... 
Females 

On  a  Aiich 

Hillsdale... 

1 

«•  ™  «  m 
o»  «•«•• 

• 

f  Total 

8 

1 

o  2 

1 

1 

Honghton .-!  Males... 
1  Females 

( Total 

•  WOB 

1 
1 

(Males... 

*  See  foot-note  *  to  Table  VIII.       *►  Illegitimate.       «  X  pair  still-born. 


BIHTHS  OP  TWINS  BT  COUNTIES,  PARENT-NATIVITY,  ETC.     87 
TABLE  XII.— Continued.—  Parent-Nativity  of  Twins. 


Sex. 

| 

m 

I 
j 

B 
8 

D 
I 

4 

NiTlTlTI  or  PAEENTB.  » 

Native. 

Foreign. 

i  ■ 

1 

Mother 

Father 

Unk'n. 

1   . 
k 

P 

I 

2 

>1 

1 

3 

s 

i| 

Fat 

1 

Mot 

i 
1 

i 

s 

Total  ... 
Malea... 
Females 

One  each 

Total... 

Malea... 

Female! 

16 
7 

1* 

6 
6 

a 

i 

is 

8 

* 
* 

SO 
19 

\» 

iutam.-. 

t 

i 

j 

■ 

1°=** 

1 

Total 

jn  PMrt 

1 

1 
1 
B 
a 

S 
1 
1 

1 
D 

4 

i 
t 
t 

8 
S 

Total... 
Malea... 
Femalea 
One  each 
Total  ... 
Malea... 

.... 

• 

i 

s 

■ 

Jackwn... 

i 

■ 

* 
s 

Tfliwinin 

l  Total 

i 

Kalkstka..-^ 

Total... 

Malei... 
Femalei 

■ 

> 

Kent 

l 

•  i 

'Still-born.      a  1  pair  still- 


38  SIXTH  BEGISTBATIOH  BEPOET. 

TABLE  XII.— CoNlisuED.— Parent-Nativity  of  Twim. 


BrX. 

1(1 
1 

7 

1 

6 

£ 

1 
1 

i 

8 
S 

7 

S 
S 

2 
8 

NiTiyin-  or  Pakehtb.  ■ 

COCSTIBB. 

3 
1 

! 
8 

ivo. 

a  J 
a 

For 
1 

Si 
|e 

B 

H 

£  . 

Mo 

Cn 

Fa 

hat 
k'n. 

Fa 
Un 

Mo 

li 

Total.... 
Males... 
Females 
Ooeeacb 
Total ... 
Hales... 
Females 
Total.... 
Males... 
Females 

Total... 
Females 

Males... 

On  a  each 
Total... 
Males... 

Total,.. 
Males... 

One  each 

' 

Lenawee... 

■ 

Livingston. 

3 
S 

.... 

1 
8 

1 

ItsrqneUe- 

I  Males... 
"MeeoBUl -1 

0,.«h 

•  See  foot-note  >  to  Table  VIII.        t>  Indian.       •  1  pair  stlll-bc 


BIBTHS  OF  TWINS  BY  COUNTIES,  PABENT-NATIVITY,  ETC.      89 


I 


TABLE  XIL— Continued.— Parent-Nativity  of  Twins. 


Sex. 

■ 

J2 
"3 

a 
•o 

> 

ti 

a 

o 

1* 
<l> 
£1 

a 

a 
ft 

2- 
2 

10 
6 
4 

12 
5 
7 

4 
1 
8 

4 
8 
1 

12 

1 

11 

8 
8 
5 

2 
2 

• 

at 

a 

o 

00 

•  r-< 

at 
Ph 

o 

It 

JO 

a 

p 

1 
1 
5 
8 
2 
6 
1 
2 
8 
2 

Nativity  of  Parents.  » 

Native. 

Foreign. 

!         Foreign  Father  and  Na- 
1           tive  Mother. 

!         Foreign  Mother  and  Na- 
!           tive  Father. 

Mother 
Unk'n. 

Father 
Unk'n. 

a 

o 
£, 

OD      . 

O  08 
08  CO 

aa 

8 
2 
1 
2 

■  mm  • 

2 

■  •  m  m 

a 
o 

« 

•a 

a  a 

fa* 
1 

*  •  ■  • 

1 

1 

0> 

a 

08 
ou 

1  • 

1 
1 
1 

1 

2 
1 

!         From    different 
!           countries. 

Counties. 

Father. 

Mother. 

* 

• 

a> 

•r-t 

eS 

6 

0J 

o 

fa 

• 

> 

wl 

1 

o 
fa 

• 

a 

o 
a 

5 

(Total... 

Menominee  < 

( Males... 

("Total... 

— 

1 
1 

1  Females 

Total... 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
.One each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
One  each 
Totol.... 
Males... 
Females 
One  each 

l 

Montcalm ..  • 

l 

1 

www* 

1 

• 

Muskegon .  a 

1 
1 
2 
1 

1 

I 

1 

1 



.... 

1 

Newaygo ..  • 

1 
6 

1 

1 

1 

•  •»  •  m 

1 

2 

l 

Oakland...- 

5 
1 
4 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 

•  «  w  * 

3 
2 

2 

b  1 



1 

2 



l 

1 

1 
1 

1 

m  m  *  m 

( Total... . 

1 

1 

Ontonagon.  < 

v  MaIar 

\ 

»  See  foot-Dote  •  to  Table  VIII.       •>  Still-born. 


12 


90 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XIL- 

-Continued.- 

—Parent-Nativity  of  Twins. 

Six. 

• 

d 

•d 

d 

o 

hi 

« 

.a 

I 

28 
1« 
12 

•  www 

24 
18 
11 

w  w  w  w 

24 

15 

9 

18 
9 
9 

28 
18 
10 

•  ••• 

4 
2 
2 

m  •  •• 

4 

1 
8 

•  ••• 

• 

m 

o 

m 

t 

o 

• 

.o 

B 

d 

14 
6 
4 
4 

12 
5 
4 
8 

12 
5 
2 
5 
9 
8 
8 
8 

14 
6 
2 

e 

2 

Nativity  of  Pabksts.  » 

Native. 

Foreign. 

i         Foreign  Father  and  Na- 
!          tive  Mother. 

i         Foreign  Mother  and  Na- 
!           tive  Father. 

Mother 
Unk'n. 

Father 
Unk'n, 

B 
& 

«s 

goo 

-S 
O  *3 

5 
b2 
2 
1 
2 
1 

w  w  w  w 

1 
1 
1 

■  ■■■ 

8 
•  1 
1 
1 
8 
1 
1 
1 

•  ••• 

s . 

i 

B  « 

2 
1 
1 

w  w  w  w 

w  •  w  w 
www  * 

•  W  W  w 

w  w  w  • 

W  W«*W 

WWW* 

2 
1 
1 

www* 
www 
w  m  w  w 

1 

I 
It 

6 
8 
1 
2 
9 
4 
8 
2 
7 
2 
2 
*8 
1 

1 

8 
4 

4 

!         From    different 
!         conn  tries. 

Counths. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

> 

53 

a 

o 

£ 

53 
• 

& 
1 

o 

ft 
1 

• 

1 

o 

1 

Total- 
Males... 
Females 
b  One  each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
.  One  each 
Total- 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total ... 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total- 
Males... 
Females 
One  each 

Ottawa • 

c  1 

1 

Saginaw ■ 

1 

WW  WW 

8 

1 

1 
1 

Sanilac - 

1 

1 

•  WW  W 

www  w 
w  w  w  w 

•  »  ww 

d2 
1 

1 

Shiawassee  « 

1 
1 

•  www 

1 

WW  WW 

1 

2 
1 

St.  Clair....  « 

1 
1 

St.  Josephs 

2 
2 

w  w  w  w 
www  w 

1 
1 

•  www 

w  w  w  w 

1 

1 

Tascola - 

1 
1 

1 

1 

•  See  foot-note  »  to  Table  VIII.      *  1  "Colored." 
gitlmate.       •  #  pair  still-born. 


o  Father  "America.1*    *  1  Ille- 


/ 


BIBTHS  OF  TWINS  BY  COUNTIES,  PABENT-NAT1TITY,  ETC,     91 

TABLE  XIL— Continued.— Parent-Nativity  of  Twins. 


Sez. 

• 

m 

p 
-p 

V 

p 

o 
x> 

a 

p 

24 

9 
15 

12 
8 
9 

•  •«•• 

78 
41 
87 

« 

a 

O 
• 

1-4 

£ 

o 

M 
O 

.O 

a 

p 

55 

12 
1 
4 

7 
8 
1 
4 
1 

89 

18 

14 

9 

Nativity  of  Parents.  • 

Native. 

Foreign. 

!              Foreign  Father  and  Na- 
!      ^        tive  Mother. 

Foreign  Mother  and  Na- 
tive Father. 

Mother 
Unk'n. 

Father 
Unk'n. 

a 

o 

a 

&• 

p<© 

*1 

8 
1 
8 
2 
1 

•  •••» 

1 
2 
2 

From    different 
e*        States. 

;        Both  from  same 
!      :          country. 

;      ;        From   different 
;     :         countries.            ' 

COTTHTTBS. 

Father. 

Mother. 

• 

► 

■+J 

• 

s 

o 

• 

► 

OS 

1 

o 
ft 

a 

1 

Total... 
Males... 
Females 
k  One  each 
Total- 
Males... 
Females 
.One  each 
Total... 
Males... 
Females 
One  each 

VanBuren.- 

1 

4 
2 

1 
1 
8 
2 

1 

8 
1 
2 

«  «■  a  m 

1 

Washtenaw- 

27 

bll 
9 

7 

2 
1 

1 

8 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

o  1 

»  See  foot-note  •  to  Table  VIII.    *  1  pair  still-born,   o  illegitimate. 


92 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XIII.— Occupations  of  Fathers  of  Ttoins  lorn  in 
Michigan  during  the  year  1872,  according  to  the  Returns. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


All  occupations. 


Agents 

Baggageman... 

Baker 

Banker 

Barber 

Blacksmith 

Brass  Founder 

Brewer 

Batcher 

Cabinet-maker 

Captain  on  Lakes 

Car  Bnilder 

Car  Driver 

Carpenters 

Carpenter  and  Joiner 

Chair  Manufacturer 

Clerks , 

Coopers 

Engineer,  R.  R 

Engineers 

Farmers 

Farmer  and  Vine-grower. 

Fisherman 

"Freight  Business" 

Gardener 

Glue-maker. 

Grocers 

Harness-makers 

Hoop-maker. 

Hotel-keeper... 


No.  of 
Each 


842 


2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 

19 
1 
1 
8 
5 
1 
2 
179 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
ft 
2 
1 
1 


OCCUPATIONS. 


Joiner 

Laborers 

Lawyer. 

Liquor  Dealer.. 

Locksmith 

Lumberman 

Machinists 

Manufacturer... 

Masons 

Mechanics 

Merchants 

Miners 

Miscellaneous.. 

Painters 

Photographer.. 

Physician 

Produce  Dealer. 

Puddler 

Sailors 

Saloon-keepers. 

Shoemakers 

Stone-mason ... 

Stone-cutter 

Teacher 

Tinsmith 

Tobacconist 

Trader. 

Unemployed 

Weaver 

Unknown 


No.  of 
Each. 


RELATION  OF  STILLBIRTHS  TO  ALL  BIRTHS. 


93 


STILLBIRTHS. 

The  accurate  return  of  stillbirths  is  so  difficult  to  accom- 
plish, that  very  little  reliance  can  as  yet  be  placed  upon  com- 
parative statements  for  the  different  years. 

Exhibit  6  enables  us  to  see  the  proportion  of  stillbirths  ac- 
cording to  the  returns  of  births.  By  turning  to  a  similar  new 
exhibit  among  the  tables  of  deaths,  it  will  be  seen  that  no 
certain  results  can  be  attained  from  either  set  of  tables,  as  now 
returned  and  compiled. 

It  is  hoped  that  supervisors  will  soon  make  these  statements 
more  valuable,  by  being  more  careful  to  report  them  both 
among  the  births  and  the  deaths.  For  statistical  purposes, 
stillbirths  should  be  considered  under  both  these  heads. 

Now  the  necessity  for  it  is  known,  it  is  probable  that  such 
a  comparison  of  the  stillbirths  returned  on  both  sets  of  blanks 
will  hereafter  be  made  in  this  office,  that  much  more  accurate 
statements  can  be  reached. 


EXHIBIT  6.— The  Relation  of  Still-lorn  to  all  Children  re- 
turned  as  having  teen  Born  in  Michigan  during  the  several 
years,  1868  to  1872,  inclusive,  and  of  the  Mothers  of  Still- 
born to  all  Mothers  returned  as  having  lorne  Children  during 
each  of  the  years  1871  and  1872. 


Children  and  Mothers. 

Total  Births  and  Stillbirths. 

1868. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

All  Children  bom 

19,171 
46 
.28 

27,093 
141 
.52 

26,663 
74 

.28 

25,992 

88 

.84 

27,998 

Still-born  Children.— ".» 

Per  Cent,  of  Still-born' to  Total 

801 
1.08 

All  Mothers 

25,683 
86 

.88 

27,641 

Per  Cent  of  Mothers  of  Still-born  Chil- 

298 
1.06 

•  As  per  returns  of  births. 


84  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  EEPOET. 

EXHIBIT  7.— By  Nativity  and  Color,  the  Number  and  Pro- 
portion of  Mothers  having  Stillbirths  in  Michigan  during 
each  of  the  years  1871  and  1873. 


| 

NATIVITY  AND  COLOE  OF 
MOTHERS. 

h 
II 

83 

=  |J? 

ill 

k 
si 

a* 

01a 

Hi 

"II 

11! 

Mothers  of  all  colors  and  natlr- 

26,638 
18,485 
10,111 
£,051 

.38 
.80 
.84 

.59 

.88 
.54 
8.28 

119 
ISO 

■       3 

2T.641 
15,159 
11,015 
1,181 

M,1S8 
121 
59 

168 
104 

All  native  mothers 

All  rorel      mothers 

Mothers  of  unknown  nativities.. 

1.81 

«"■ - 

25,563 
185 

1.05 

Mulatto _ _. 

■ 

.... 

E 

1 

Slfl 

M 

2 

180 

111 

Exhibit  7  is  another  new  combination  which  will  eventnal- 
ly  yield  valuable  information.  Its  evidence  is  probably  more 
reliable  than  that  in  Exhibit  6,  though  it  may  be  improved 
and  modified  hereafter.  So  far,  it  appears  that  the  native 
mothers  have  the  smallest  proportion  of  stillbirths,  and  that 
the  white  mothers  have  a  smaller  proportion  than  do  the 
mothers  of  African  descent. 


STILLBIRTHS   BY   PA  HE  NT- NATIVITY. 


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96 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XV.— Parent-Nativity  of  Still-born  Children,— 
Exhibiting,  by  Sex,  the  Number  and  Per  Cent  of  Total 
Number  Born  in  Michigan  during  the  Year  1872,  of 
Parents  tvho  were  Natives  of  the  same,  and  of  Different 
States  or  Countries. 


Still-born  Children. 

Nnmber. 

Per  Cent,  of  each  Parent- 
Nativity  to  Total  of  all 

NATIVITY  OF  PARENTS. 

Nativities. 

• 

o 

801 
»167 

• 
00 
V 

i— ^ 

01 

143 
»  79 

• 
03 

V 

r— < 

sS 

S 

a> 

117 
65 

• 

o 
a 

M 

a 

41 
28 

• 

0) 

o 

■ 
0B 
O 

* 

• 
OB 

H 

Q 

a 

o 

s 

a 

All  Nativities 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Same  American  or  Foreign  State 

55.48 

55.24 

65.56 

56.10 

Different  American  or  Foreign  State... 

72 

84 

81 

7 

28.92 

28.78 

26.50 

17.07 

Foreign  Father  and  Native  Mother 

17 

4 

8 

5 

5.65 

2.80 

6.84 

12.20 

Foreign  Mother  and  Native  Father 

15 

8 

5 

2 

4.98 

5.69 

4.27 

4.88 

Unknown  Mother,  Father  Native 

6 

4 

2 

■■**•» 

1.99 

2.80 

1.71 

Unknown  Mother,  Father  Foreign 

10 

6 

2 

2 

8.82 

4.20 

1.71 

4.88 

Unknown  Father,  Mother  Native , 

2 

1 

1 

«■•■»■• 

.66 

.70 

.85 

Both  unknown. 

12 

104 

181 
108 

7 
46 

61 

62 

8 

44 

59 
87 

2 

14 

11 
19 

8.99 

4.90 

2.56 

4.88 

Different  State  or  Country 

b  84.65 

82.17 

87.61 

84.15 

Native 

48.52 
85.88 

42.66 
86.86 

60.48 
81.62 

26.88 

46.84 

•  One  unknown  State,  returned  "  United  States." 

*  Compare  with  same  statement  for  twins  in  Table  XI.,  page  88. 


BELATIOK  OF  ILLEGITIMATE  TO  ALL  BIRTHS. 


97 


ILLEGITIMATE    CHILDREN. 

Now  that  a  comparison  as  to  proportion  of  illegitimate  to 
all  children  may  be  begun  by  years,  Exhibit  8  has  been  planned 
for  this  purpose.  It  will  be  seen  that,  according  to  the  re- 
turns, the  proportion  is  between  50  and  75  illegitimate  in 
10,000  births. 

In  order  to  avoid  slight  errors  in  thought  which  might  oth- 
erwise occur,  and  also  for  comparison  with  twins  and  other 
births,  the  proportions  are  worked  out  for  mothers  as  well  as 
for  children  ;  the  difference  between  the  two  arising  from  the 
fact  of  multiple  births. 

EXHIBIT  8.— The  Relation  of  the  Illegitimate  Children  to 
All  Children  returned  as  having  been  born  during  the  several 
years  1868  to  1872  inclusive,  and  of  Mothers  of  Illegitimates 
to  All  Mothers  returned  as  having  borne  Children  in  Michi- 
gan, during  each  of  the  years  1871  and  1872. 


CHILDREN  AND  MOTHERS. 

Total  Births  and  Illegitimates. 

186S. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

All  children  born.. 

19,171 
104 
.54 

27,098 
1S7 
.51 

26,668 
155 
.58 

25,992 
188 
.70 

27,993 

Illegitimate  children 

199 

Per  cent,  of  illegitimate  to  total 

.71 

All  mothers 

25,688 
181 

.70 

27,641 

Mothers  of  illegitimate  children 

195 

Per  cent,  of  mothers  of  illegitimates  to  all 

.71 

Exhibit  9  has  been  prepared  to  show  the  relative  proportion 
of  illegitimate  children  among  the  children  of  native  and  for- 
eign-born mothers,  and  of  mothers  in  the  different  races.  As 
regards  the  nativity  of  the  mothers,  little  can  be  ascertained, 
for  the  reason  that  the  returns  are  so  incomplete.  It  will  be 
seen  that,  compared  with  the  white  mothers,  about  four  or  five 
times  as'many  illegitimate  are  reported  for  the  colored  races. 
13 


98 


3IXTH   REGISTRATION    BBPORT. 


EXHIBIT  9.— By  Nativity  and  Color,  the  Number  and  Pro- 
portion of  Mothers  of  Illegitimate  Children  Returned  as 
having  been  lorn  in  Michigan  during  each  of  the  years 
1871  and  1872. 


1ST1, 

I 

s 

195 
» 

61 
81 

wis. 

87,611 
15,459 
11,010 

NATIVITY    AND   COLOH   OP 

MOTHERS. 

Ij 

3S 

lis 

So2 

Mothers  of  All  Colon  and  Nativities.... 

181 
IB 

n 

SB 

18,480 

.70 

.u 

.71 

1.61 

2 

2  7* 

White 

152 

i 

ts,in 

186 
II 

.60 
4.80 
5.45 
6.08 
12.90 

a  e 

121 
n 

100 

65 

Black 

105 

Mulatto 

10.17 

Indian 

Unkno 

» 

110 

M» 

8 

130 

111 

M  «X  White,"  i  "tf  White.' 

°1  "Colored.'4 

a  a  " Copper-colored,"  1  "Hall 


BIBTHS— ILLEGITIMATE  CHILDBED. 


99 


/ 


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90 


s  s. 

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100 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XVII. — Exhibiting,  by  Color  and  by  Sex,  the  Popu- 
lation June  1,  1870,  the  Number  of  Illegitimate  Children 
Born  in  Michigan  during  the  Year  1872,  the  Per  Cent,  of 
such  Children  to  Inhabitants,  the  Per  Cent,  of  each  Sex  to 
the  total  of  both  Sexes,  and  the  Number  of  Inhabitants  to 
each  Illegitimate  Child  Born. 


COLOR  OR 
RACE. 

SEX. 

Population 
June  1,  1870, 
Represented 
by  Births  in 

1872. 

Total  Illegiti- 
mate Births. 

Per    Cent,    of 
Births  to  Pop- 
ulation. 

Per   Cent,    of 
each   Sex   to 
Total  of  both 
Sexes. 

No.  of  Inhabit- 
ants   to    one 
Illegitimate 
Child   of  the 
same  Color. 

All  Colors - 

fTotal 

Females... 

Unknown 

1,169,853 
609,994 
559,859 

199 

96 

101 

2 

.02 
.02 
.02 

48.78 
51.27 

5,876 
6,854 
5,588 

v   —       «—  w  ...... 

White. - 

Total 

Males 

Females... 
.Unknown.. 

Total 

Males 

.Females ... 

Total 

Males 

.Females... 

Total 

Males 

„  Females... 

Tntnl 

1,153,177 
601,578 
551,599 

m «  - •  • mm  mm* 

5,515 
8,048 
2,472 
6,197 
8,128 
3,069 
4,464 
2,245 
2,219 

180 

89 

89 

2 

2 

»  1 
1 
6 
8 
8 
9 
2 

b  7 
2 
1 
1 

.02 
.01 
.02 

.04 
.03 
.04 
.10 
.10 
.10 
.20 
.09 
.82 

50.00 
50.00 

50.00 
50.00 

50.00 
50.00 

22.22 

77.78 

50.00 
50.00 

6,407 

6,759 

6,198 

1 
Black -j 

Indian -| 

1 

1 

j 

2,758 
3,048 
2,472 
1,083 
1,043 
1,023 

496 
1,128 

817 

Unknown  Color -1  Males 

1  TPpmftlpn 



r  Total 

L  Females. .. 

11,712 
6,171 
5,541 

8 
4 
4 

.07 
.06 
.07 

50.00 
50.00 

1,464 
1,543 
1,885 

a  "  Colored  "  1 

*  " Copper-colored,"  2 ;   "Half-breed,"  1. 


BIRTHS  OF  ILLEGITIMATE  CHILDREN  AND  TRIPLETS.      101 

• 

TABLE  XVIII.— Exhibiting  the  Number  of  Males  to  100 
Females,  and  by  Sex  the  Number  and  Per  Cent,  of  Total 
Number  of  Illegitimate  Children  Born  of  Native  and  of 
Foreign  Parents  in  Michigan  during  the  Year  1812. 


Illegitimate  Children. 

NATIVITY    OF 

Number  of  Males 
to  100  Females. 

Number. 

Per  Cent,  of  Total. 

PARENTS. 

• 

3 

o 
Eh 

• 
0Q 
V 

«i 

• 

09 

a 
© 

• 

o 

P 

o 
Eh 

• 
09 
4) 
?-* 

a 
3 

• 

0} 

13 

a 

• 

p 

o 

S 

a 
P 

All  Nativities 

95 

»  199 

96 

101 

2 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

f  Native 

[Unknown... 

fNative 

1 

I  Unknown... 

98 
71 
158 
190 
67 
87 

101 
65 
88 
29 
20 

150 

50 
27 
19 
19 
8 
69 

51 
88 
12 
10 
12 
79 

2 
2 

50.75 
82.66 
16.58 
14.57 
10.05 
75.88 

52.08 
28.18 
19.69 
19.69 
8.88 
71.88 

50.50 
87.62 
11.88 
9.90 
11.88 
78.22 

100.00 
100.00 

•  There  are  four  pairs  of  illegitimate  twins.    The  number  of  fathers,  and  of  moth- 
ers, is  195. 


TABLE  XIX. — Exhibiting   the   Details  concerning   Triplet 
Children  Born  in  Michigan  during  the  year  1812. 


Children. 

Parents. 

COUNTIES. 

• 

... 

n 

o 
on 
ja 
■*■» 

a 
© 

• 

a* 

O 

*•« 

O 

o 

Sex. 

Birthplace  of 
Father. 

Birthplace  of 
Mother. 

• 

m 

^* 

1 

2 

e 

• 

03 
W 

*3 

a 

•2 
b8 
b  8 

1 

e 

Occupation 
of  Father. 

Houghton... 

Ionia 

Ionia 

December.. 
February . . 

November . 

White. 
White. 
White. 
White. 
White. 

England 

Michigan 

Unknown.... 

England 

Ohio 

Miner. 

Farmer. 

Minister. 

Michigan .... 
Unknown 

Farmer. 
Laborer. 

»  1  still-born,    b  Still-born,    c  Unknown. 


102 


SIXTH  REGISTBATION  BEPOBT. 


TABLE  XX. — Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  bounties,  the 
Number  of  Females  aged  16  to  45  in  Michigan,  June  1, 1870, 
the  same  represented  by  Returns  of  Births  in  1872,  the 
Number  of  such  Females  to  one  Child,  to  one  Illegitimate 
Child,  and  to  one  pair  of  Twins,  born  in  Michigan,  during 
the  Year  1872;  the  Number  of  Males  to  100  Females  among 
Twins  ;  and  the  Number  of  Illegitimate  and  of  Still-born 
Children  Born  during  the  Year  1872. 


•S-. 

2"3 

•  o  a 

o    • 

■ 

a 

nag 

,  if' 
Birt 

■h  no 

«  £S5 

ged 
870, 
Chi 

ged 
870, 
s  Bo 

n,— No. 
Femalei 

o 

'o 
•    • 

STATE 

atio 
el, 

11" 

es  a 
rail 

No.  of  Females  a 
to  45,  Jnne  1,  1 
one  Illegitimate 
born  in  1872.  b 

ai**  IP 

+■»►- 

OS  GO 

B- 

QQr-l 

AND 

COUNTIES. 

Female  Popnl 
16  to  45,  cfnn 

Female  Popnl 
16  to  45,  Jm 
Represented 
in  1872. 

Percent,  of  T 
in  1872  to  Fei 
16  to  45,  Jnne 

No.  of  Femal 
to  45,  Jnne 
one  Child  Bo 

No.  of  Femal 
to  45,  Jnne 
one  pair  of  T 
in  1872.  b 

Twin  Childre 
Males  to  100 

No.oflllegiti 
dren  Born  in 

Number   of 
Children  in 

State 

254,264 

251,448 

11.18 

8.98 

1,268 

785 

92 

199 

801 

•  167 

144 

22.22 

4.50 

144 

144 

1 

1 

6,681 

6,471 

10.29 

9.72 

2,157 

481 

114 

8 

8 

548 

524 

10.81 

9.70 

524 

d 

887 

887 

15.50 

6.45 

• 

• 

Barry-.-——-. 

4,722 

4,722 

9.81 

10.20 

4,722 

1,574 

50 

1 

4 

Bay 

8,806 

8,806 
452 

25.85 

8.95 

8,806 
452 

276 

50 

1 

15 

452 

16.59 

6.08 

452 

d 

1 

Berrien. 

7,591 

7,591 

8.88 

11.88 

8,796 

848 

100 

2 

7 

5,941 

5,941 

8.60 

11.68 

2,971 

849 

250 

2 

8 

8,877 

8,877 

7.65 

18.07 

1,675 

1,675 

100 

5 

7 

4,415 

4,252 

7.97 

12.54 

2,126 

709 

140 

2 

2 

Charlevoix 

818 

277 

21.66 

4.62 

• 

• 

8 

Cheboygan 

402 

402 

18.41 

5.48 

201 

100 

1 

880 

880 

28.08 

4.84 

110 

e 

e 

8 

.... 

Clare 

87 
4,860 

20 
4,360 

95.00 
10.60 

1.05 
9.44 

4,860 

20 
824 

f 
86 

1 

Clinton.. 

5 

Delta * 

428 
5,524 

5,524 

9.45 

10.58 

1,831 

1,881 

100 

4 

9 

» Law  of  Michigan  limits  age  of  marriagegof  females  to  not  less  than  that  of  six- 
teen years. 

b  Only  population  of  counties  and  townships  represented  by  births  in  1872  is  used 
in  computing  statements  in  this  column. 

« Includes  population  of  unorganized  county  of  Oscoda. 

*  No  males. 

*  No  twin  births  returned, 
f  No  females. 

*  No  returns. 


COUNTIES. 


Or.  TriTeriB.. 
Gratiot. 


B,«W 

Io*o 

MO 

laaballa 

m 

Jackson 

8,023 

Kalamaxoo'. .. 

7,SM 

BIRTH-BATE  BY 

TABLE  XX.- 


Ill 

lis 


counties,  etc. 
-Continued. 


Macomb.. . 
Mania  tee  .. 


•  Law  of  Michigan  llmita  age  o 

b  Only  popnlsllon  or  conntle*  a 
in  computing  atatementa  In  Ibis 
«  No  twin  births  relnnied. 


7,018 


age  of  females  to  sot  leas  than 
he hlpa  repreaented  by  btrtha  In 

cDniity  ot  Ogemaw. 


1ST!  la  naed 


104 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XX.— Continued. 


COUKTIES. 


Mason 

Mecosta 

Menominee... 

Midland 

Missaukee 

Monroe 

Montcalm 

Muskegon 

Newaygo 

Oakland 

Oceana 

Ontonagon 

Osceola 

Ottawa 

Presque  Isle.. 

Saginaw 

Sanilac 

Schoolcraft 

Shiawassee . . . 

St.  Clair 

St.  Joseph 

Tuscola 

VanBuren 

Washtenaw. .- 

Wayne 

Wexford 


■8 


bed 

cts  r- 

P°° 

OS    QJ 

cu   » 

ci  O 


btSo-jj 

~  og 

o»  P~^ 

p>5 
o  »p 

Is  &£ 

em  v  _. 
6s, -W- 


653 
1,428 

319 

6SI 
20 
5,594 
2,890 
8,176 
1,463 
9,158 
1,516 

491 

408 

5,12S 

56 

S,208 

2,690 

129 
4,545 
7,407 
5,797 
2,734  I 
6,306 
9,221 
27,202 

144 


653 
1,223 

319 

628 
20 
5,830 
2,675 
8,047 
1,367 
9,1 5S 
1,516 

491 

40S 

5,128 

56 

8,208 

2,690 

129 
4,545 
7,407 
5,797 
2,734 
6,306 
9,221 
27,202 

103 


JS  ej© 
Sao 

©o£ 
p*»£ 


22.66 
13.98 

9.09 
15.29 
50.06 
11.97 
12.15 

S.89 
10.17 

5.95 
14.88 
11.81 
25.98 
15.21 
46.43 
14.91 
16.17 
10.08 

9.6S 
11.91 

6.81 
14.30 

8.69 

7.85 
14.87 
20.89 


m    •>« 

«*£ 
a  c« 

dog 


S  £2 

CD     "flU-0 

do  °*S 
|2o« 


1,228 


4.41 

7.15 
11.00 

G.54 

2.00 

8.83 

8.23 
11.24 

9.83  I     1,367 


1,777 

1,888 


16.80 
6.95 
8.47 
8.85 
6.57 
2.15 
6.71 
6.13 
9.92 

10.83 
7.54 

14.68 
6.99 

11.51 

13.60 
6.72 
4.90 


4,579 
379 


408 
1,709 

2,052 

44S 


2,469 
644 
1,867 
1,577 
2,305 
418 


*£* 

tile  « 

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408 
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446 

1,524 
683 

1,526 
379 
491 

c 

366 

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6S4 
224 
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505 

529 
2,399 
1,867 

526 
1,537 

697 


00 

p* 

On 


200 
20 


150 
71 
33 

800 

9 

60 


133 

c 

118 
167 

c 

100 

ISO 

100 

33 

60 

83 

111 

c 


O   . 

CUCM 
03OO 

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7  o 

t-HQQ 

o  a 


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1 

3 


4 
6 


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9 
2 

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4 

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o 

A 
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CQrH 

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11 


1 

3 
8 

4 

■  • 

9 
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1 
12 


10 
1 


4 
2 

4 
9 
2 

47 


•  Law  of  Michigan  limits  age  of  marriage  of  females  to  not  less  than  that  of  six- 
teen years. 

b  Only  population  of  conntios  and  townships  represented  by  births  in  1872  is  used 
in  computing  statements  in  this  column, 
c  No  twin  births  returned. 

*  No  females. 


BIRTHS—TOWNSHIPS  HAVING  NONE. 


105 


EXHIBIT  10. — Counties  and  Townships  in  which  it  is  Re- 
ported that  there  were  no  Births  in  1872. 


Townships. 

Population  June  1, 
1870. 

COUNTIES. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total 

1,251 

774 

477 

Bay  

Au  Gres.. 

255 

107 

12 

192 

68 

9 

65 

( Grant .... 

44 

IO8C0 

j  Ogemaw  County 

( Cedarville 

Mason....... ...    . 

3 

196 
102 
130 
54 
25 
870 

14S 
56 
76 
30 
18 

187 

43 

Menominee . „_ 

Recdcr. 

Missaukee 

46 
54 

(  Alfironauin 

24 

Ontonagon 

(Carp  Lake ....... 

12 

Sanilac 

Washington ... . 

188 

•  Organized  since  census  was  taken. 

*  Population  of  St.  Martin's  Island  in  1870. 

12 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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108 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION    REPORT. 


SEX   OF  CHILDREN. 

A  more  complete  discussion  of  this  subject  may  be  found  in 
the  Report  for  1871.  The  Tables  and  Exhibits  are  continned 
as  follows : 

EXHIBIT  N.— Births  in  Michigan  during  the  year  1872,  by 
Sex  and  Months  equalized  to  30.44  days  each. 


Year 
1SB.» 

Mo  Miis  or  Births, 

SEX. 

b 

1006 

1 

< 
MS6 

laos 

10T.1 

3 

ins 
s 

MSB 

126S 

ii  ns 

KM 

1 40ft 
ISM 

1 

1SS1 
ISP) 

i 
i 

nu 

tua 

1116 
9 

1 

on 

LIT* 
IE 

1 

O 

la 

| 

Total 

K,S82 

14.454 

** 

Males 

„ 

FeD,alCB 

U 

•  Tic  number  of  births  of  each  eei,  and  the  total  number,  as  equalised,  do  not 
equal  tba  number  of  births  as  returned,  became  of  the  loss  of  fractions,  and  the 
unequal  number*,  In  the  several  months,  modified  by  addition  and  subtraction.    The 

EXHIBIT  0.— Births  in  Michigan  during  the  year  1873,  by 
Sex  and  by  Months,  equalized  to  30.44  days  each,  and  by 
Months  the  excess  of  Males  over  Females.  Unknown  sex  and 
unknown  months  excluded. 


r. 

"»—•»  — ~ 

SEX. 

1 

| 

M 

5 

s 

i 

i 

I      1 

T; 
1 
n 

Both  sexes 

»  «,8M 

i:n 

1694 

2151 

mo 

i285 

an 

23615 

«                  !3ie 

>J>*S 

14,(18 
13,418 

m 

1088 

us: 

102* 

1205 
1015 

1JT6 

1174 
1101 

1283 

u              »> 

ra» 

Excess  of  Males 

1,000 

« 

S3 

108 

13U 

117 

78 

160 

K 

HI 

Males  to  100  P«. 

107 

1M 

109 

„. 

112 

», 

107 

US 

1                        702 

er  of  births  of  each  sex,  nnd  the  total  number  of  both  sexee,  as  egonl- 

qnal  the  number  ol  births  as  returned,  becansc  of  the  loss  of  fractions, 

and  the  unequal  numbers,  in  the  several  months,  modified  by  addition  »nd  snbtrae- 

m,      .....  ___,_.,._  t,...!.    , , .    udorunknovinHi,— lfl«.    These 

shown  la  this  table,  make  the 


BIRTHS — SEX  OP  CHILDREN. 


109 


EXHIBIT  P. — Births  in  Michigan  during  the  year  1872  by 
Sex  and  by  Months,  corrected  for  Omissions  in  Enumerating, 
equalized  for  Increase  of  Population  during  the  year  covered 
by  the  returns,  and  as  thus  corrected  and  equalized  for  the 
several  months,  equalized  for  months  of  8044  days  each. 


Year 

1872. 

Year  1872. 

SEX. 

• 

b 

OS 

0 

0. 
OS 

•-» 

8860 

1893 
1467 

• 

08 

0 
ft* 

« 

8782 
2122 
1610 

• 

■s 

ft* 
OS 

8S95 
2222 
1678 

• 

M-« 

ft* 

0, 
< 

8991 
2287 
1704 

• 
09 

* 

8775 
2147 
1628 

• 

0 

a 

8699 
2058 
1641 

• 

Us 

8718 
2122 
1591 

• 
00 

& 

0 
< 

4152 
2261 
1S91 

• 

a> 

1 

■** 

0. 
V 
Cfi 

8964 
2124 
1840 

ft* 

e 

JO 

o 

*>* 
o 

O 

8802 

1847 
1455 

• 

ft* 

a 

> 
o 

8155 
1680 
1475 

• 

»* 

a 

V 
C/ 

V 

ft 

Males.. 

48,950 
24,475 
19,475 

8212 
1712 

Females  _ 

1509 

Exhibit  P  is  a  somewhat  theoretical  combination  of  data 
obtained  from  these  statistics,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  us 
to  make  more  perfect  comparisons  by  months.  The  facts  upon 
which  these  computations  are  based  have  been  previously 
stated.  As  will  be  seen  in  the  heading,  the  births  here  tabu- 
lated are  those  that  would  have  occurred  if  the  population  had 
been  the  same  throughout  the  year  as  at  its  close,  and  would 
have  been  enumerated  except  for  omissions  because  of  lapse 
of  time  between  the  births,  and  their  enumeration.  The 
months  are  made  of  uniform  length.  This  exhibit  probably 
furnishes  the  best  opportunity  for  comparing  the  several 
months  with  reference  to  the  total  number  of  births,  or  the 
number  and  relative  proportion  of  each  sex. 

Tables  XXII.  to  XX VII.,  inclusive,  are  continued,  because  it 
is  believed  the  plans  upon  which  they  are  constructed  are  val- 
uable. Their  evidence  is  as  yet  unsatisfactory,  however,  for 
the  reason  that  not  the  same  proportion  of  births  or  deaths 
are  returned  in  all  the  months.  This  is  a  fault  in  collection 
of  the  data ;  and  it  is  hoped  that  it  will  some  time  be  possible 
to  have  it  remedied. 


110 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXII. — Exhibiting  by  Months  the  Relation  between 
the  Total  Number  of  Conceptions  during  certain  months  of 
the  years  1871-2,  and  the  proportion  of  each  Sex  Conceived 
during  the  same  time  and  Born  during  the  year  ending 
December  81, 1872. 

CoifOEPTIOffS  JOB  BlBTHS  IX  1872.  * 


Months  of  1 871  and  1 872  of  Concep- 
tions for  Births  in  1872,  in  order 
by  Number,  the  least  Number 
first. 


So 
gg 

go 

2* 


f  April 

May 

Jane 

August 

September. 
Uoly- 


<  a 

o 
0:3 

as  O 
©° 

So 


Average. 

["October 

January,  1872.. 

February,  1872. 

March,  1872.... 

December 

JsS^    [November 


O  OB 

hOS 
as  hi  p. 


a 

0 


1,741 
1,994 
2,151 
2,285 
2,275 
2,280 
2,819 
2,866 
2,875 
2,876 
2,528 
2,745 
2,760 


Months  of  1871  and  1872,  in  order 
by  Number  of  Males  to  100  Fe- 
males, the  greatest  Number 
first. 


a  a 

£§. 
Sg 


f  October * 

January,  1872 c 

July 

August 

June 

LMay 

Average 

September. « 

April c 

March,  1872 

November 

February,  1872 

December 


a  d 

OS  o 

00  o 


3& 

Oh  o> 


114.51 
112.81 
112.09 
111.07 
110.06 
10S.5S 
107.69 
106.63 
105.55 
104.04 
108.69 
102.8S 
101.24 


•  Equalized  to  months  of  80.44  days  each,  and  excluding  unknown  sex  and  unknown 
months. 

i>  For  the  purposes  of  this  study  the  time  of  conception  is  presumed  to  be  nine  cal- 
endar months  previous  to  the  month  of  birth. 

c  Exceptions  to  rule  that  more  than  the  average  proportion  of  males  were  conceived 
in  months  in  which  less  than  the  average  total  number  of  conceptions  occurred,  and 
vice  versa. 


BIRTHS — BEX   OF  CHILDREN. 


Ill 


TABLE  XXIII.— Exhibiting  by  Months  the  Relation  between 
the  Number  of  Conceptions  and  the  Number  of  Males  to  100 
Females.  Conceptions  estimated  from  Births  Corrected  as 
if  enumerated  in  Months  of  Occurrence,  and  equalized  to 
Months  of  uniform  length. 


COHOtrrtoaa  ron  Bibthb  is  IS!!.  • 

Hontbi  of 1BT1  and  1BTS  of  Concep- 
tlunBoffilrthsiDlSTS,  estimated 
from  Births  corrected  anlfenn- 
merated  la  Month*  of  Occur- 
rence, and  eqnulized  to  Months 
of  uniform  length.    Months  ar- 
ranged In  order  b  j  nnmber,  the 
leant  namber  11  rat. 

III 

Iff 

Months  of  1 ST1  and  18TS  of  Concep- 
tion! ofBlrths  in  1ST*  estimated 
from  Blrtba  corrected  SB  If  enu- 
merated In   Honthi  of  Occur- 
rence and  equalized  to  Mouths 
of  nnlform  length.    Montha  ar- 
ranged In  older  by  number  ol 
malee  to  1 00  fcmalea,— greatest 
nnmber  first. 

SB'S 

fa 
■I 

II 

Jul 

181 

June 

133 

Mar 

* 

April b 

January,  1ST2 b 

m 

125 

ember                       > 

11B 

in 

1U 

■  Bee  Note  > 
XX.) 

*  Exceptions  to  role  t 
In  rnoiitlm  In  which  mot 
than  the  average  propoi 
ber  of  conceplione  occn 


lo  Table  XXII.,  p.  110.  (In  last  Report  erroneonaly  refe 
nnmber  of  conceptions  oc< 


ed  to  as  Table 
•ere  conceived 


>f  males  in  months  in  which  ttii  than  the  a' 


112 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Exhibiting  by  Months  the  Relation  between 
the  total  number  of  Conceptions,  and  the  total  number  of 
Deaths  which  occurred  in  the  Months  of  the  Years  1871  and 
1872  in  which  were  Conceived  the  Children  bom  during  the 
year  ending  December  31,  1872. 


Deaths. 


Months  *  of  1S71  and  1872  of  Con- 
ceptions of  Births  in  1872,  ar- 
ranged In  order  by  total  number 
of  Deaths,  the  least  n amber 
first. 


o 
to 

g   • 

St  * 

-<g 
•*-  O 

si 

a 
o 


f  January,  1872.. 

June 

April 

-I   May 

July 

February,  1872. 

November 


Average 


o 

flS 


October .... 
March,  1872. 
December.. 

August 

September.. 


591 

685 

782 

786 

774 

794 

810 

838 

916 

924 

1,010 

1,068 

1,070 


Conceptions.  * 


Months  a  of  1S7L  and  1872  of  Con- 
ceptions of  Births  in  1872,  in  or- 
der by  Number,  the  least  Num- 
ber first. 


£  a 


Q> 


O 


<Z 


0 
eel 

^3 


CD 

Cy 

h4 


.a 

6 

a 

&■ 
be 


at 

a 
o 

Ok 
a> 
w 


April 
May.. 


June c 

August 

September 

July c 


Average. 


O  M« 


October c 

January,  1872 

February,  1872 

March,  1872 c 

December c 

November 


•    CO      . 

<2  a  o> 
OqJ3 


1,741 
1,994 
2,151 
2,235 
2,275 
2,280 
2,319 
2,866 
2,375 
2,876 
2,523 
2,746 
2,760 


*  Equalized  to  months  of  80.44  days  each,  excluding  unknown  months. 

b  gee  note »» to  Table  XXII.,  p.  1 10.    (In  last  Report  erroneously  referred  to  as  Table 

« Exceptions  to  proposition  that  there  were  mors  than  an  average  number  of 
conceptions  in  months  in  which  less  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  occurred,  and 
le98  than  an  average  number  in  months  in  which  more  than  an  average  number  oi 
deaths  occurred. 


BIKTHS — SEX  OF  CHILDREN. 


113 


TABLE  XXV. — Exhibiting  the  Relation,  by  Months,  between 
the  Number  of  Conceptions  and  the  Number  of  Deaths  j 
Deaths  and  Births  from  which  Conceptions  are  estimated 
being  corrected  as  if  enumerated  in  Months  of  Occurrence, 
and  equalized  to  Months  of  uniform  length. 


Deaths. 


Months  of  1871  and  1878  of  Concep- 
tions of  Births  in  1872,  arranged 
in  order  by  number  of  Death*, 
the  least  number  first.  Deaths 
corrected  as  if  enumerated  in 
Months  of  Occurrence,  and 
equalized  to  months  of  uniform 
length. 


r  June. 

November 

January,  1872... 

July 

May.. 

October. 

April . 

.  December. 

Average 

'  February,  1872. 

September 

August- 

March,  1872 


*<« 

m 

8 
•J 


a 

as 

as 

•a 
s 


o 


a 

a3 


11 

O  q* 


1,078 
1,118 
1,149 
1,258 
1,289 
1,817 
1,826 
1,827 
1,809 
1,498 
1,606 
1,661 
1,687 


Conceptions.  • 


Months  of  1871  and  1872  of  Concep- 
tions of  Births  in  1 872,  estimated 
from  Births  corrected  as  if  enu- 
merated In  Months  of  Occur- 
rence, and  equalized  to  Months 
of  uniform  length.  Months  ar- 
arranged  in  order  by  number, 
the  least  number  first. 


CO 


<D 

eg  Z,  c 
«  >  O 

Average 


S 

d 

»  p. 
^  a 

<D  O 

o 

* 


February,  1872 

March,  1872 

April b 

January,  1872 b 

May 

September. * 

October. 

August b 

June 

July — 

December. 

November 


A. 

o 
o 

0 
O 


O  M 


o 


So 
«  <v 

P  * 

■2*2 


8,188 
8,201 
8,225 
8,267 
8,680 
8,598 
8,609 
8,686 
8,67$ 
8,768 
8,869 
8,908 
4,081 


»  See  note  b  to  Table  XXII.,  p.  110.   (In  last  Report  erroneously  referred  to  as  Table 

LJUW.j 

b  Exceptions  to  proposition  that  there  were  more  than  an  average  number  of  con- 
ceptions in  months  in  which  leas  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  occurred,  and  Use 
than  an  average  number  of  conceptions  in  months  in  which  more  than  an  average 
number  of  deaths  occurred. 

13 


114 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXVI. — Exhibiting  by  Months  the  Relation  between 
the  number  of  Deaths  and  the  proportion  of  each  Sex  Con- 
ceived during  the  same  Months  of  the  years  1871  and  1872  ; 
Births  and  Deaths  from  which  Conceptions  are  estimated 
being  corrected  as  if  Enumerated  in  Months  of  Occurrence, 
and  Equalized  to  Months  of  uniform  length. 


Deaths. 


Months  of  1871  and  1872  of  Con- 
ceptions of  Births  in  1872,  ar- 
ranged in  order  by  Number  of 
Deaths',  the  least  Number  first. 
Deaths  corrected  as  if  enumer- 
ated in  Months  of  Occurrence, 
and  equalized  to  Months  of  uni- 
form length. 


B 

a 

&  © 


el 


June 

November 

January,  1873. 

July 

May 

October 

April... 

December 


Average 


Si.- 
§5*1 


February,  1872. 

September 

August 

March,  1872.... 


Months  of  1871  and  1872  of  Con- 
ceptions of  Births  in  1872,  esti- 
mated from  Births  corrected  as 
if  enumerated  In  Months  of  Oc- 
currence, and  Equalized  to 
Months  of  uniform  length. 
Months  arranged  in  order  by 
Number  of  Males  to  100  Fe- 
males, greatest  Number  first. 


Cokckptioks.  • 


£  * 
<X 

«%* 

J3  O 

a 

Co 
©  p 

O  P, 


July 

June. .... 

October. 

May 

August * 

April 

.  January,  1872 


Average 


© 

■*■»  p,« 
S  °  « 


September 

November * 

December b 

February,  1872. 

March,  1872 


o  ••« 

» "C  3 
.23 

SSoh 


184 
18S 
188 
181 
132 
129 
12T 
121 
125 
12(r 
115 
114 
114 


•  See  note  b  to  Table  XXII.,  p.  110.    (In  last  Report  erroneously  referred  to  as  Table 


*  Exceptions  to  proposition  that  more  than  an  average  proportion  of  males  were 
conceived  in  months  in  which  less  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  occurred,  and 
lets  than  an  average  proportion  of  males  in  months  in  which  more  than  an  average 
number  of  deaths  occurred. 

Tables  XXII.  to  XXVIL,  inclusive,  will  be  best  understood 
and  studied  by  carefully  noticing  the  foot-note  at  the  bottom 
of  each,  stating  a  proposition,  and  indicating  the  exceptions 
thereto. 


BIKTHS — BEX  OP  CniLDHES. 


115 


TABLE  XXVII.— Exhibiting,  by  Months,  the  Relation  between 
the  Total  Number  of  Deaths,  and  the  proportion  of  each  Sex 
Conceived  during  the  same  Months  of  the  Years  1871  and 
1872,  and  Born  during  the  Year  ending  December  31, 1872. 


Months-oriSTI  and  INS  of.— 
cepllons  or  Blrlbs  to  1P1S.  »r- 
nnged  in  order  by  Totil  Num- 
ber ot  Deatbi,  ibe  Jeut  Number 


u 

«4 

A  rll 

Hi 

If 

r 

Jul 

5I 

**• 

An  nat 

So 
5| 

5 

*"«"« • 

E» 

s| 

Sa 


iii.il 

119.81 

111.09 


101.01 
103. 6) 
10S.83 


"J 

i  Biceptionj  to  propoiltion  that  o 
conceived  In  month  fa  wblch  It       ' 
lai  than  an  average  proportion  i 
nnmbsr  of  desihs  occurred. 


Table  XXVIII.  is  a  comparatively  new  table,  and  is  sub- 
mitted without  mnch  comment.  The  material  has  not  been 
grouped  in  this  way  for  a  sufficiently  long  period  to  warrant 
very  strong  conclusions  therefrom.  It  is  believed  that  it  will 
eventually  yield  useful  evidence.  It  may  be  compared  with 
Table  XXVIII.  and  with  Exhibit  Q  in  last  Report,  which 
exhibit  the  same  grouping  for  1871  and  1870. 


116 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


TABLE  XXVIIL— Exhibiting  for  the  Total  Births,  for  the 
Twins,  Illegitimate,  and  Still-born  Children  Born  in  Michi- 
gan during  the  year  1872,  the  Number  of  Boys  to  100  Girls 
among  such  Children,  distinguishing  by  Parent-Nativities, 
and  thus  exhibiting  the  influence  of  Parent-Nativity  upon 
Sex  of  Children. 


NATIVITY  OP  PARENTS. 


All  Nativities. 


Both  Parents  Native 

Both  Parents  Foreign 

Foreign  Father,  Mother  Native. 
Foreign  Mother,  Father  Native. 
One  or  Both  Unknown. 


Mothers . 


Native.... 

Foreign... 

.Unknown. 


Fathers. 


Native.... 

Foreign... 

.  Unknown. 


One  or  Both  Native.. 
One  or  Both  Foreign. 
Both  Unknown 


Same  Country. 

Different  Country . 


Same  American  or  Foreign  State 
Different  American  or  For'n  State 


Bibths,  1872.* 


Males. 


14,457 


6,685 

5,018 

1,858 

TIT 

T84 


8,060 

5,768 

689 


T,562 

6,598 

29T 


8,987 

7,848 

192 


b 11, 653 
c  2,070 


Fem'es. 


18,458 


6,245 

4,674 

1,241 

640 

658 


T,55i 

5,869 

588 


T,068 

6,095 

295 


8,869 

6,790 

175 


M0,919 
•  1,881 


Bots  to  100  Girls. 


Total » 
Births. 


10T.46 


106.24 
107.86 
109.02 
112.08 
112.40 


106.T4 
10T.48 
118.01 


10T.06 
108.25 
100.63 


10T.88 
108.22 
109.T1 


106.  T2 
110.05 


Twin 
Child'n. 


91.60 


TT.T8 
101.52 
125.00 
200.00 

50.00 


84.62 

106.90 

41.18 


82.89 

102.4T 

T5.00 


88.68 

106.86 

60.00 


89.00 
126.09 


85.78 
04.87 


Illegit- 
imate. 


95.05 


98.04 

T1.05 

158.88 


190.00 
66.6T 
8T.84 


Still- 
born. 


122.2* 


108.89 
140.54 
60.00- 
160.00 
225.00 


97.0* 
142.89 
242.86. 


110.61 
181.91 
200.00 


104.00 
184.64 
288.8a 


120.65- 
82.85 


120.00 
109.68- 


»  Excluding  unknown  sex. 
b Includes  "Native"  and  "Foreign." 

c  Includes  "  Foreign  Father  and  Native  Mother  "  and  "Foreign  Mother  and  Native 
Father." 


MARRIAGES. 


The  number  of  marriages  returned  as  having  been  solem- 
nized in  Michigan  during  the  year  1872  was  9,882.  It  should 
be  borne  in  mind  that  marriages  are  sometimes  returned  dur- 
ing quite  a  length  of  time  after  the  expiration  of  the 
time  allowed  by  law.  Some  details  of  this  may  be  seen  in 
Table  XII.  The  above  statement  includes  the  number 
returned  previous  to  May  1,  1874.  The  number  may  be 
slightly  increased  by  subsequent  returns,  but  probably  not 
enough  to  make  it  equal  the  number  returned  for  1871.  By 
Table  I.  it  will  be  seen  that  there  appears  to  have  been  a  cer- 
tain periodicity  in  the  marriage  rate,  exhibiting  a  greater 
number  every  alternate  year  since  these  Eeports  have  been 
made. 

An  idea  of  the  frequency  of  the  ceremony  may  be  gained 
from  the  usual  statement  of  averages,  which,  for  the  year 
1872,  are  as  follows : 

Average  number  per  quarter 2,470.50 

Average  number  per  month 823.50 

Average  number  per  week - 190.04 

Average  number  per  day 27.00 

On  an  average,  there  is  rather  more  than  one  marriage  in 
this  State  to  every  hour  of  the  day. 

In  Table  I.  may  be  seen  the  actual  number  returned  as  hav- 
ing been  solemnized  in  each  quarter  of  the  year  for  each  year 
since  1867.  Corrections  have  been  made  up  to  May  1, 1874. 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  greatest  numbers  occur  in  the  last 


118 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


quarter  in  every  year.  The  next  greatest;  numbers  are  usually 
found  in  the  third  quarter,  although  in  1870  and  1871  the 
numbers  in  the  first  quarter  slightly  exceeded  those  in  the 
third. 

By  comparing  Table  I.  with  Exhibit  A,  it  may  be  seen  that 
for  each  of  the  years  quite  a  large  number  of  marriages  have 
been  recorded  and  returned  since  the  first  return  and  publica- 
tion of  the  numbers  in  the  several  years.  Comparing  Table 
I.  in  this  Eeport  with  Table  I.  in  the  preceding  Eeport,  it 
appears  that  even  some  marriages  solemnized  in  1868  have 
been  recorded  and  returned  since  the  last  Eeport. 

TABLE  I. — Marriages  by  Quarters  of  the  Year,  showing 
Number  and  Per  Cent,  of  Total  for  the  Tears  1868, 1869, 
1870, 1871,  and  1872,  Corrected  up  to  May  1, 1874. 


1663. 

1869. 

1S70. 

1871. 

1S72. 

Totals,    and 

Mokths    WI1H 

WHICH  QUARTBBg 

E*D. 

• 

B 

Per  Cent,  of 
Total. 

• 

S 

a 

Percent,  of 
Total. 

• 

u 

o 

a 

s 
■fc 

Per  Cent,  of 
Total. 

u 

B 

p 

Percent,  of 
Total. 

• 

o 
.0 

a 

Per  Cent,  of 
Total. 

Totals 

8,615 

100.00 

10,r:96 

100.00 

9,707 

100.00 

10,458 

100.00 

9,SS2 

100.00 

March 

1.52S 
1,818 
2,1 5S 
8,188 
S 

17.67 
2  .03 
24.96 
86.24 
.09 

2,298 
2,256 
2,448 
8,2S1 
IS 

22.82 
21.91 
28.78 
81.87 
.17 

2,498 
2,147 
2,171 
2,878 
18 

25.68 
22.12 
22.86 
29.65 
.19 

2,504 
2,278 
2,4S5 
8,181 
15 

28.94 
21.78 
28.76 
30.84 
.14 

2,826 
2,281 
2,471 
2,797 

7 

28.54 

Jane 

28.08 

September ... 

December 

25.01 

28.80 

.07 

Average a 

2,161 

25.00 

2,574 

25.00 

2,427 

25.00 

2,615 

25.00 

2,471 

25.00 

•  The  anmber  in  unknown  quarter  of  year  included. 


MARKIAGES  BY  QUARTERS  OF  THE  YEAR. 


119 


EXHIBIT  A. — Marriages  by  Quarters  of  (he  Year,  showing 
Number  and  Per  Cent,  of  Total,  for  the  Years  1868,  1869, 
1870,  1871,  and  1872,  as  originally  returned  and  published 
in  Reports. 


Totals,  and 

ItONTHS    WITH 

which  Quarters 
End. 


Totals 


March. 

Jane 

September. 
December.. 
Unknown.. 


Average. 


18G3. 

1S69. 

1870. 

1871. 

o 

*-< 
o 

O 

*4 

o 

• 

.c 

8 

a 

5 

PerCent. 
Toul. 

u 

B 

Per  Cent. 
•  Total. 

• 

»- 
c 

£> 

B 

o 

PerCent. 
Total. 

B 

0 

PerCent. 
Tolal. 

6,866 

100.00 

8,459 

1 00.00 

9,160 

100.00 

10,181 

100.00 

1,877 

20.05 

2,167 

25.61 

2,429 

26.51 

2,475 

24.80 

1,667 

24.18 

2,097 

24.79 

2,031 

22.71 

2,250 

22.09 

1,8S6 

27.46 

2,154 

25.46 

2,078 

22.68 

2,428 

28.79 

1,924 

28.16 

2,024 

28.92 

2,560 

27.94 

8,01S 

29.64 

12 

.17 

17 

.20 

17 

.IS 

15 

.14 

1,716 

25.00 

2,114 

25.00 

2,290 

25.00 

2,545 

25.00 

1872. 


u 

B 

a 

55 


9,S82 


2,826 
2,281 
2,471 
2,797 

7 


»-  o 


1C0.00 


2,471 


28.54 
28.08 
25.01 
28.80 
.07 


25.00 


» Includes  those  in  unknown  quarter  of  year. 

By  comparing  the  columns  headed  "Per  Cent,  of  Total"  in 
Table  I.  and  Exhibit  A,  it  will  be  seen  that  by  the  subsequent 
return  of  marriages  the  last  quarter  in  each  year  has  been 
increased  in  a  greater  proportion  than  the  others,  and  that, 
eyen  as  first  returned,  the  greatest  numbers  are  reported  for 
the  last  quarter  of  the  year. 


120 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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MABRIAGES — BY  MONTHS.  121 

By  Table  II.  it  will  be  seen  that  a  greater  number  of  mar- 
riages occur  in  December  than  in  any  other  month  of  the  year. 
This  is  true  for  every  year  since  reports  have  been  compiled. 
Although  in  correcting  this  table  up  to  May  1, 1874,  the  num- 
bers slightly  exceed  those  in  the  same  table  in  last  report,  the 
order  of  the  months  remains  unchanged,  so  far  as  relates  to 
the  years  previous  to  1872.  In  1872  the  number  of  marriages 
solemnized  in  June,  July,  and  August  was  greater  than  here- 
tofore returned,  while  the  numbers  in  January  and  February 
appear  to  have  been  somewhat  less  than  usual.  As  mentioned 
in  previous  Eeports,  the  marriage-rate  seems  to  be  influenced 
by  physiological  causes  connected  with  the  seasons  of  the  year, 
by  social  customs  and  events,  by  business  prosperity  or  depres- 
sion, and  by  sickness  and  deaths,  or  general  health  among  the 
people.  Some  of  these  influences  may  be  studied  in  Diagram 
No.  1,  page  7,  in  connection  with  the  comments  following  it  on 
page  9  of  this  Report;  also  in  the  table  of  deaths  by  months 
and  Diagram  No.  3  (for  pages  see  index),  by  comparison  with 
Table  II.,  marriages,  and  Diagram  No.  2,  in  this  Report. 
Perhaps  the  variations  in  the  marriage-rate  in  1872  can  be 
explained  by  the  influence  of  the  death-rate,  which  may  have 
postponed  marriages  which  otherwise  would  have  occurred 
earlier  in  the  year.  But  the  death-rate  was  noticeably  large 
in  April,  1872,  and  the  marriages  do  not  seem  to  have  been 
decreased,  but  rather  more  than  usual.  It  may  be  well  to 
notice  this,  for  the  reason  that  it  appeared  by  evidence  in  the 
Report  for  1871  that  the  birth-rate  is  increased  by  the  preva- 
lence of  cholera,  and  the  larger  death-rate  in  Apijil,  1872,  was 
due  in  part  to  cerebro-spinal  meinngitis.  It  is  an  interesting 
question  whether  certain  diseases  do  not  tend  to  increase 
rather  than  decrease  the  marriage-rate.  It  is  easy  to  imagine 
how  it  is  possible,  for  this  to  occur  through  unusual  excitation 
of  the  nervous  system;  but  the  question  as  to  the  truth  of 
the  proposition  can  only  be  answered  by  faithful  and  contin- 
ued study  of  vital  statistics. 
1G 


122 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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MABBIAGES— BY  MONTHS — EQO-JLIZED. 


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124  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Table  IL  exhibits  the  marriages  by  months  as  returned.  In 
order  to  appreciate  the  real  tendency  to  marriage  in  each 
month,  it  is  necessary  to  make  the  months  of  a  uniform 
length,  or  in  some  way  make  them  more  exactly  comparable. 
This  has  been  done  in  Exhibit  B;  and  the  results  of  this 
equalization  are  graphically  represented  in  Diagram  No.  2. 
Besides  the  uniformity  by  seasons  in  different  years,  and  the 
slight  variations  therefrom  in  particular  years,  there  is  one 
tolerably  uniform  characteristic  of  every  year  that  seems 
easily  accounted  for.  It  is  the  increased  number  of  marriages 
in  July,  which  it  seems  reasonable  to  believfe  are  determined 
by  the  fact  that  the  "Fourth  of  July"  is  quite  generally 
observed  as  a  holiday  in  this  State.  It  will  be  seen  by  the 
Diagram  that  there  is  always  a  decreased  number  in  June  and 
in  August ;  and  this  is  probably  explained  by  the  same  event, 
and  is  because  those  who  might  otherwise  marry  in  June  or  in 
August,  prefer  to  fix  upon  the  time  of  the  generally  observed, 
though  not  legally  established,  national  holiday. 


DIAGRAM   NO.  2. 

Marriages  in  Michigan  daring  ikt  years  1868,  J869, 1870, 1871 1 
months  equalized  to  uniform  length  of  jo.44  days  each.     Fromre/ur: 

nd  1S72  by  I 
1  corrected  \ 

JV».=/| 

i«p.|Ji    M    M     A    A    {    M 

%    41 

Designed  by  Henry  B.  Baker. 


MABRIAQES  BT   COUNTIES,    BT    MONTHS. 


TABLE  III. — Distinguishing,  by  Counties  and  by  Months,  the 
Number  of  Marriages  Returned  as  having  been  Solemnized 
during  the  Year  ending  December  31, 1873. 


STATE 
CO0MTIK9. 


Allege. . 


BBjrlen.. 

Cslhona 

ChirIeToIi__. 


Clinton 

DdU 

Eaton 

Emmet 

Or.  TnTerai 
Gratiot 

HlUadalc-. .. 
Houghton... 


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168 

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4 
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11 

11 

11 

11 

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21 

41 

ai 

87 

83 

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20 

26 

IS 

IS 

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It 

15 

10 

28 

29 

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11 

22 

11 

19 

Sfi 

40 

St 

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1 

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7 
10 

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10 

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16 

19 

25 

99 

128 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  III.— Continued. 


Year 

1872. 

Months. 

COUNTIES. 

• 

« 
0 

0 

•3 

19 
2 

• 

>» 

M 

08 
D 
hi 
X> 
«i 

17 
1 
8 

• 

u 

08 

3 

19 
8 
5 

• 

"E 

a, 

< 

80 
8 
4 

• 

08 

14 
2 
8 

• 

a 
a 

15 
4 
5 

• 

17 
6 
7 

00 

B, 

S3 
< 

17 

4 
1 

• 

1 

-*> 
P. 

9) 
GO 

18 
6 

4 

• 
hj 

V 
JO 

© 
o 
O 

80 
5 
1 

• 

o 

a 

> 

o 

26 
4 
1 

• 

.o 

s 

w 

Q 

87 
6 
2 

• 

0 

o 

0 
M 

a 

0 

Ionia........... 

• 
259 

44 

88 

Iobco  ..... 

.... 

804 

24 

26 

88 

26 

17 

29 

82 

22 

12 

21 

86 

26 

.... 

Kalamazoo 

841 

86 

14 

26 

81 

20 

24 

87 

18 

82 

26 

42 

85 

.... 

Kalkaeka 

5 

1 

1 

2 

1 

Kent.... 

544 
1 

49 

58 

86 

43 

56 

28 

51 

86 

47 

48 

44 

58 
1 

Lake 

8 
158 

1 
9 

6 

1 
16 

1 
21 

17 

2 
11 

2 

17 

5 

1 
14 

11 

15 

16 

29 

6 

•  •  •  •» 

2 

8 

5 

2 

.... 

2 

6 

•  •••» 

8 

wop  VOl 

488 

45 

25 

47 

88 

51 

26 

48 

26 

85 

50 

88 

58 

1 

Livingston 

160 

14 

14 

18 

9 

11 

8 

15 

9 

7 

19 

21 

15 

OB  OB  OB  «■ 

152 

14 

11 

10 

11 

15 

4 

16 

8 

9 

18 

21 

20 

•  OBOTOB) 

51 

8 

1 

8 

6 

9 

8 

2 

9 

10 

.... 

190 

17 

8 

5 

16 

11 

14 

81 

17 

18 

22 

18 

18 

•  ..a 

29 

8 

2 

1 

8 

8 

8 

8 

5 

8 

2 

1 

.... 

.... 

76 

8 

5 

6 

8 

11 

5 

12 

6 

8 

6 

1 

5 

.... 

Menominee 

16 

o*  mmm 

1 

2 

.... 

8 

6 

1 

ob  •  ••«• 

1 

m  mm  m 

2 

*  •»«• 

OfcOPOB  «• 

Midland 

80 

1 

8 

6 

5 

1 

•  ■■* 

8 

1 

8 

1 

8 

8 

.... 

Mi  ssaukee— .... 

4 

204 

19 

28 

12 

2 

17 

1 
24 

28 

16 

1 
15 

14 

8 

15 

17 

1 

Montcalm 

187 

12 

9 

14 

18 

10 

11 

16 

12 

8 

12 

8 

12 

•■Ok  Ok  OB 

157 

7 

14 

15 

16 

18 

11 

28 

9 

10 

11 

16 

12 

.... 

69 

4 

9 

8 

4 

4 

2 

7 

9 

5 

6 

8 

8 



266 

19 

25 

29 

24 

16 

14 

80 

15 

21 

80 

28 

18 

2 

Oceana 

48 

4 

8 

4 

4 

8 

5 

1 

8 

8 

4 

8 

6 

»  No  returns  to  this  Department. 

b  No  marriages  on  record  in  County  Clerk's  office. 


MARRIAGES — BY  COUNTIES  BY  MONTHS. 


129 


TABLE  III. 

-c 

ONTINUED, 

-  -- 

-  — 

Year 

Months. 

■ 

• 

COUNTIES. 

1872. 

o 

• 

v. 

» 

ej 

c 
»- 

• 

• 

• 

• 

© 

• 

• 

£3 

8 

• 

o 

fit 

o 

ft. 

a> 

a 

t 

s 

a 
* 

o 
p 
M 

«« 

z> 

49 

c. 

cs 

D 

a 

a 

V 

o 

o 

V 

a 

12 

►* 

1 

a 

< 

S 

2 

h» 

< 
2 

O 

O 

•  •  •  • 

1 

4 

fc> 

Ontonagon..,  .. 

•  •  »• 

Osceola 

46 

4 

1 

1 

8 

4 

6 

6 

2 

6 

1 

4 

8 

*  *  •  » 

1ST 

18 

15 

20 

16 

22 

20 

19 

28 

17 

8 

11 

8 

••*•«• 

Presque  Isle  .. 

4 

1 

? 

] 

Saginaw 

449 

28 

28 

27 

55 

48 

84 

85 

87 

42 

45 

46 

84 

»»  •  w 

Sanilac 

102 
5 

9 

4 

14 

18 

11 

7 

12 

8 
8 

6 

8 

•  ••• 

4 
1 

6 
1 

Schoolcraft 

•  ••  • 

Shiawassee 

106 

7 

18 

15 

4 

7 

6 

12 

7 

18 

11 

4 

2 

.... 

St.  Clair 

825 

25 

18 

48 

42 

IS 

19 

28 

24 

24 

88 

19 

82 

.... 

St.  Joseph 

26S 

27 

24 

28 

18 

16 

20 

19 

15 

20 

24 

20 

42 

»  W  W  M 

Tuscola 

129 

9 

9 

15 

12 

4 

9 

11 

6 

15 

14 

8 

17 

««•« 

VanBarcn 

282 

84 

25 

28 

18 

11 

16 

24 

11 

16 

18 

15 

26 

.... 

Washtenaw 

270 

81 

18 

26 

84 

18 

22 

21 

26 

19 

26 

19 

10 

.... 

Wayne 

462 

8 

4 

11 

97 

27 

85 

65 

61 

76 

78 

61 

19 

Wexford 

9 

1 

•  •  •  » 

1 

W    •    B  • 

1 

1 

«  •  «  « 

**••• 

1 

2 

1 

1 



MARRIAGES,  BY    BACE  AND   COLOR. 

Table  IV.  exhibits  the  relation  of  the  marriages  to  the  total 
inhabitants,  distinguishing  between  the  white  inhabitants, 
Indians,  and  persons  of  African  descent.  Stated  in  this  way, 
there  does  not  seem  to  be  mnch  difference.  A  closer  study 
may  be  entered  on  hereafter,  examining  the  relation  to  inhab- 
itants at  ages  between  fifteen  and  forty-five  years.  For  the 
year  1872  quite  a  large  number,  312  marriages,  were  returned 
without  a  proper  statement  of  the  color. 
17 


130 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


TABLE  IV. — Exhibiting  by  Color  and  by  Sex,  the  Population 
June  1,  1870,  the  Number  of  Marriages,  the  Number  and  Per 
Cent,  of  Total  Number  of  Persons  Married  in  Michigan 
during  the  Year  1872,  and  the  Per  Cent,  of  Persons  Married 
in  1872  to  Population  June  1, 1870. 


Sex. 

Popalation  Jane  1, 
1870,  Represented 
by  Marriages    in 

1872. 

Nnmber    of    Mar- 
riages. 

Persons  Mar- 
ried. 

Per  Cent,  of  Persons 
Married  in  1872  to 
Pop.  Jane  1,1870. 

5o 

IB  «0  *J 

COLOR. 

i 

S 

Per  Cent,  of 
Total  No. 

No.  of  Person 
Married    tho 
Another  Colo 

r  Total 

1,181,676 

9,882 

19,764 

100.00 

1.673 

13 

Males 

616,858 

9,882 

50.00 

1.602 

9 

Females 

564,818 

9,882 

50.00 

1.750 

9 

Total 

1,165,484 

9,416 

18,898 

95.62 

1.622 

6 

White - 

Males 

608,413 

9,452 

47.82 

1.554 

4 

Females ... 

557,021 

9,446 

47.79 

1.696 

2 

rTotal 

5,521 

74 

145 

.78 

2.626 

4 

Black - 

Males 

8,047 

78 

.87 

2.896 

2 

,  Females... 

2,474 

72 

.86 

2.910 

2 

Total 

6,200 

12 

26 

.18 

.419 

8 

Mulatto 

Males 

8,129 

18 

.07 

.415 

2 

.Females... 

8,071 

13 

.07 

.428 

1 

[Total 

4,521 

8S 

75 

.88 

1.659 

5 

Males 

2,269 

86 

.18 

1.587 

1 

Females ... 

2,252 

89 

.20 

1.782 

4 

[Total 

312 

620 
808 
812 

8.14 
1.56 
1.58 

Unknown  Colors  - 

Males 

Females .'. 

Black  and  Mulat- 
to   i 

[Total 
Males 

11,721 
6,176 

86 

171 
86 

.87 
.44 

1.459 
1.892 

7 

4 

.Females... 

5,515 

85 

.48 

1.583 

3 

MARRIAGES — BY  COLOR. 


131 


TABLE  V. — Exhibiting,  for  the  State  and  Counties,  the  Num- 
ber of  Marriages  Returned  as  having  been  Solemnized  in 
Michigan  during  the  Year  1872,  the  Number  of  White  Per- 
sons, and,  by  Color,  the  Number  of  Marriages  where  one  or 
both  Parties  were  other  than  White. 


• 

fr- 
ee 

ff 

3 
3 

Color. 

STATE  AND  COUNTIES. 

• 

• 

• 

M 

■ 

• 

« 
a 

HI 

<88 

i 

© 

a 
M 

a 

0 

State 

9,882 

•9,446 

*  74 

•812 

Alcona 

8 

251 

54 

20 

156 

175 

14 

881 

241 

817 

204 

17 

7 

7 

8 

151 

21 

289 

9 

286 

82 

8 

241 

54 

20 

155 

169 

14 

860 

285 

848 

189 

15 

6 

7 

S 

151 

21 

288 

Allegan 

8 

'7 

Alpena 

Antrim 

Barry........ 

1 
*2 

W  W  W  W 

4 

Bay 

Benzie ..... 

Berrien 

M 
ff8 
M 

ff8 

1 

w  WW  w 

12 

m5 

w  w  w  w 
w  *  w  w 

1 

WWW* 

2 

1 

116 

Branch 

J8 

Calhoun 

Charlevoix ........ ......... .. ... 

2 

Cheboygan 

Chippewa... ... 

Clare ......' 

Clinton 

Delta » 

Emmet.... 

el 

8 

1 

Genesee 

278 
82 

2 

w  w  w  w 

6 

Grand  Traverse. 

•  Includes  1  female  "I.  &  W." ;  1  female  "R."  b  Includes  46  couples  "A" ;  7 
couples  "African";  1  female  "A.  &  I.11;  1  male  Mulatto;  1  female  Mulatto:  and 4 
couples  "Colored."  «1  couple— male  "Dark,"  female  "Light";  2  couples  "Dark"; 
4  couples  "A  W  A  W";  1  couple  "Light";  1  male  "W  A" ;  1  female  irW."  *  In- 
cludes 8  couples  "Red" ;  2  males  White ;  1  female  White.  •  Includes  4  males  White. 
1 8  couples  "Red."  *  "A."  *  1  couple  "A."  1 1  male  White.  J  2  males  White, 
k  "African."  i  "Dark."  »  4  couples  "A  W  A  W"  ;  1  male  "W  A" ;  female  "W." 
n  The  marriages  in  Delta  County  for  the  first  part  of  1S72  were  returned  with  those 
for  1871.    No  returns  to  this  Department  for  1872. 


132 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  V.— Continued. 


• 

»- 

CO 

m 

ttt 

m 

•** 
m 
k. 

4 

3 

COLOB. 

COUNTIES. 

• 

<** 

• 
OS 

m 

• 

o 
m 

• 

P 

m 

•a 
a 

b2 

• 

i 

o 
p 

a 

0 

Gratiot 

80 
855 
1Q6 

87 
217 
259 

44 

83 

804 

841 

5 

544 

1 

8 

158 

29  ' 
488 
160 

79 
854 
104 

87 
216 
257 

44 

81 

299 

888 

5 

544 

1 

S 

157 

26 
465 
160 

al 
•  1 

Hillsdale 

Huron . ........... .............. . 

.... 

Ingham . 

•  1 
1 

1 

*«•  w 

Ionia 

Iosco ................ 

Isabella 

^5 

•7 

•  •  m  m 

«7 

Jackson ...... 

Kalkaska 

1 

Kent 

Keweenaw.. •.  •--......... ............. 

Lake..... ............. 

Lapeer ........... . 

1  1 
'8 

—  •  •* 

8 

Leelanaw _ 

Lenawee 

cl5. 

Livingston _ 

Mackinac .... e 

Macomb 

152 
51 

152 
51 

Manistee .  .. 

Maniton h 

Marquette. 

190 

29 

76 

16 

80 

4 

204 

187 

190 
29 
75 

114 

80 

4 

204 

187 

Mason 

Mecosta 

*  1 

1 

Menominee 

1 

Midland « 

« 

Missaukee 

Monroe..... 

Montcalm.. 

•  "Colored."  b  l  female  White.  c  i  male  White.  *  "A."  •  4  couples  "A"  ; 
1  male,  Mulatto.  '2  couples  "A" ;  1  couple  "African."  *  No  returns  to  this  De- 
partment,      t>  No  marriages  on  record  in  county  clerk's  office.    » 1  female  "I  &  W." 


MARRIAGES— BY  COLOR. 


133 


TABLU  V.— Continued. 


• 

»- 
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»-» 

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o 

M 

at 

COLOB. 

COUNTIES. 

• 

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s 

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o 

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0 

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1 

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a 

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a 

0 

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167 

69 
266 

48 

13 

46 

187 

4 

449 

103 

6 

106 

826 

268 

129 

282 

270 

462 

9 

164 
68 

•  1 

mmmmm 

1 

Newaygo......... . .- ............ 

Oakland 

266 

c47 

12 

46 

186 

4 

447 

103 

4 

106 

834 

268 

129 

227 

265 

448 

9 

«  1 

* 

Ottawa 

1 

1 

•  1 

*  m  •  ■» 

Sanilac 

i 

u 

St.  Clair 

I 

St.  Joseph... ...... .......................... 

Tuscola .................. 

Van  Buren. .............. 

*  4 

*  5 
M4 

1 

.... 

Washtenaw. ................ . 

Wayne 

Wexford 

•  "African."  *  "Light."  c  i  female  "R."  d  "A."  •  Male  "Dark" ;  female 
"Light."  1 1  male  White.  « I  couple  "A";  1  couple,  Male  "A,"  female  "A  &  I"  ; 
1  couple  "Colored" ;  1  female  Mulatto.       M0  couples  "A";  4  couples  "African." 


The  numerous  foot-notes  to  Table  V.  show  the  imperfections 
in  the  work  of  those  who  solemnize  and  record  marriages,  as 
to  statements  concerning  the  color  of  persons  married.  The 
color  should  be  stated  as  white,  black,  mulatto,  Indian,  white 
and  Indian,  etc.  The  use  of  such  terms  as  "colored/'  "light," 
"dark/9  etc.,  indicates  inexcusable  carelessness  on  the  part  of 
those  who  make  the  record. 


134 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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MARBIAGES— BY  NATIVITY. 


135 


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SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VII. — By  Sex  and  Periods  of  Age,  the  Population 
June  1, 1870,  represented  by  Marriages  in  1872,  and  by  Sex 
the  Number  and  Per  Cent,  of  Persons  Married  at  each  Age 
und  Period  of  Age,  and  the  Per  Cent  of  Persons  Married 
to  Population  of  same  Age  and  Period  of  Age. 


AGES, 

I»  Years  and 

Periods  or  Years. 


All  Ages * 

18 

U 

15 

16 

IT 

18 

19 ... 

20 1- 

21  to  23 

25  to  80 

SO  to  85 

85  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

TO  to  75 

75  to  SO 

80  and  over 

Unknown  Ages 

Under  15. 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 


Marriages. 


ID 

a 
o 

m 
.  hi 


o 


19,764 


8 

26 

119 

52S 

829 

1,155 

1,251 

1,872 

6,447 

4,108 

1,483 

788 

582 

845 

275 

142 

102 

59 

35 

13 

4 

140 


29 

8,885 
7,819 


Males. 


h4 

AS 

*  . 
a 

a 


9,382 


1 

4 

60 

187 

408 

8,770 

2,868 

999 

505 

851 

217 

198 

99 

74 

43 

82 

12 

4 

56 


252 
4,178 


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.04 

.61 

1.88 

4.18 

88.15 

29.02 

10.11 

5.11 

8.55 

2.20 

1.95 

1.00 

.75 

.48 

.82 

.12 

.04 

.57 


2.55 
42.28 


Females. 


• 

h> 

« 


9,382 


8 

26 

119 

527 

S25 

1,095 

1,067 

964 

2,677 

1,240 

489 

2S8 

181 

128 

82 

43 

28 

17 

3 

1 


84 


29 
8,683 
8,641 


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.26 

1.20 

5.88 

8.85 

11.08 

10.80 

9.76 

27.09 

12.55 

4.95 

2.86 

1.88 

1.80 

.88 

.44 

.28 

.17 

.08 

.01 


.85 


.29 
86.76 
86.84 


Population  at 
each  Age  and 
Period,  Jnne 
1,1870,  Repre- 
sented by  Mar- 
riages in  1872.* 


a 


876,488 


12,557 

11,729 

12,469 

11,478 

12,817 

47,526 

52,760 

43,184 

89,897 

82,660 

28,145 

24,077 

16,408 

18,017 

8,298 

5,412 

2,676 

1,716 

212 


48,288 
59,848 


o 

OS 

a 


868,042 


18,282 
12,907 
11,680 
12,471 
11,800 
12,689 
10,698 
12,875 
42,766 
48,872 
89,903 
84,9S7 
28,289 
22,134 
18,106 
12,548 
10,576 
6,567 
4,206 
2,140 

151 


Per  Cent,  of 
Marriages 
to  Popula- 
tion of  Cor- 
responding 
Age. 


26,189 
58,883 
55,141 


"3 


2.68 


.08 

.48 

1.63 

8.81 

7.93 

5.44 

2.81 

1.27 

1.07 

.77 

.80 

.61) 

.57 

.51 

.59 

.46 

.23 

26.42 


.52 
6.98 


a 


2.69 


.02 
.20 

1.02 

4.28 

7.80 

8.68 

9.98 

7.79 

6.26 

2.56 

1.28 

.81 

.64 

.56 

.45 

.34 

.26 

.26 

.07 

.05 

55.68 


.11 
6.18 
6.60 


•  Population  at  ages  at  which  marriages  occurred. 

*  At  which  marriages  occurred. 


MABBIAGE8— BY  COUNTIES,  NATIVITY,  SEX,  AND  AGE.       137 


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SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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147 


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148 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


Among  other  instructive  material  in  Table  IX.,  it  appears 
therefrom  that  the  forms  of  marriage  were  "  solemnized  "  by 
ministers  or  justices  of  the  peace  in  the  case  of  148  girls  and 
5  boys  who  had  not  yet  reached  the  age  specified  in  the  law  of 
this  State  ns  the  least  at  which  they  shall  be  capable  of  con- 
tracting marriage.  Sections  (4719)  1,  and  (4720)  2,  Chapter 
clxis,  Compiled  Laws  of  1871,  relating  to  this  subject,  may  be 
found  in  the  back  part  of  this  Report.  The  attention  of  min- 
isters and  justices  of  the  peace  Bbould  be  called  to  it,  and  the 
penalty  for  such  action,  which  seems  to  be  specified  in  Section 
(4720)  15,  and  is  not  a  slight  one. 

TABLE  X. — Exhibiting  the  Number  of  each  Sex  at  each 
Period  of  Age,  who  were  Married  in  Michigan  during  the 
year  1872 ;  and  the  Number  of  each  Sex,  at  each  Period  of 
Age,  who  were  United  to  the  Opposite  Sex,  at  each  Period 
of  Age. 


A. 

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9.SS2 

MARRIAGES — BY  AGES  IN   PERIODS.  149 

To  those  not  familiar  with  the  plan  of  Table  X.,  it  may  be 
stated  in  explanation  that,  among  other  items,  it  exhibits  in 
the  first  line  the  fact  that  252  males  aged  under  20  years  mar- 
ried females  aged  as  follows :  195,  under  20  years ;  49,  20  to 
25  years ;  5,  25  to  30  years ;  1,  30  to  35  years ;  1,  35  to  40 
years;  and  1  whose  age  was  not  stated.  Beginning  now  with 
the  females,  at  the  lower  left-hand  corner,  it  shows  that  3,662 
females  aged  under  20  years  married  males  aged  as  follows : 
195,  under  20  years;  2,242,  20  to  25  years;  935,  25  to  30 
years;  193,  30  to  35  years;  60,  35  to  40  years;  22,  40  to  45 
years;  7,  45  to  50  years;  4,  50  to  55  years;  1,  60  to  65  years  ; 
1,  70  to  75  years ;  1,  75  to  80  years ;  and  1  whose  age  was  not 
stated. 

The  period  in  which  the  greatest  number  of  marriages  of 
males  occurred  was  that  of  20  to  25,  the  number  of  marriages 
being  4,178.  The  greatest  number  of  marriages  of  females 
was  in  the  period  under  20  years  of  age:  but  deducting  the 
sham  marriages  of  148  girls  not  legally  of  a  marriageable  age, 
would  leave  the  greatest  number  in  the  period  of  20  to  25 
years  of  age. 

Table  XI.  exhibits  some  of  the  most  remarkable  marriages 
so  far  as  relates  to  disparity  of  age.  Many  of  these  were  not 
legal  marriages,  but  they  are  included  as  returned  because  of 
their  statistical  value,  and  that  the  truth  mav  be  known. 


150 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XI. — Marriages  with  great  Disparity  of  Age,  in 
Michigan  during  the   Year  ending  December  31,  1872. 


COUNTIES. 


Allegan 
Barry .. 
Bay 

Benzie.. 


Berrien 

Branch 

Calhoun 

Cass 

Charlevoix 

Eaton 

Genesee 

Grand  Traverse. 

Gratiot 

Hillsdale 

Honghton 

Huron 

Ingham  

Ionia 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Kent 


Leclanaw . 

Lenawee.. 

Macomb... 
Marquette 

Mason 

Montcalm. 
Muskegon. 
Newaygo . 


Bridegroom  Oldest. 


Occupation  or 
Bbideoboom. 


Farmer 


Cooper  .... 

J  Fisherman. 
|  Farmer.... 

( Unknown .. 
J  Farmer 


(Farmer 

)  Prison  Guard 

Farmer 

(Farmer 

1  Night  Watchman. 

Farmer 


Farmer 

Farmer 

Hotel-keeper. 

Laborer 

Farmer 

Farmer 


Laborer. 
Farmer. 


Farmer 

j  Teacher 

(Farmer 

Attorney  at  law... 

j  Wagon-maker 

(Farmer 

J  Carpenter 

I  Farmer 

J  Farmer 

"j  Farmer. 

t  Farmer 

1  Farmer. 

Laborer 

Physician 


j  Farmer. 
1  Laborer. 

Laborer. 


n 
•**  . 

o  c 
bo 


45 

70 

80 

70 

50 

72 

72 
48 

75 

48 
64 

46 
85 
75 
45 
85 
85 
88 


20 
45 

57 

52 
67 

44 

61 
86 

85 
80 

74 

48 

50 
68 

85 
51 


47 

53 

47 


tm 

A 


o 
bo 


19 

47 

15 
82 

18 
17 

27 
14 

16 

20 
84 

22 
15 
48 
19 
19 
16 
17 


14 
14 

21 

20 
29 

19 

19 
14 

17 
15 

22 
19 

22 
25 

17 
17 


18 
28 

17 


Bride  Oldest. 


Occupation  op 
Bridegroom. 


Lumberman. 


Carpenter. 


Tinner. 


Miner... 
Laborer. 


Farmer 


Laborer. 


Farmer 


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19 


18 


21 


46 


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42 


22 


40 
82 


85 


86 


66 


MARRIAGES— DISPARITY  OF  AGES. 


151 


TABLE  XL— Continued. 


Bridegroom  Oldest. 

Bride  Oldest. 

COUNTIES. 

Occupation  op 
Bridegroom. 

Age  of  Bride- 
groom. 

• 

o 

o 
too 

< 

Occupation  or 
Bridegroom. 

Age  of  Bride- 
groom. 

• 

■H 

hi 

o 

( Parmer............ 

60 
71 

26 
45 

Oakland 

Oceana........... 

R.  R.  Builder  . . . 

85 

55 

Osceola.......... 

Farmer 

40 

44 

52 

44 

75 

60 
54 

84 
42 

42 

57 

70 

17 

19 

18 

17 

45 

28 
18 

89 
17 

18 

21 
45 

j  Farmer  &  Trader. 
1  Baker 

Saginaw 

Sanilac .......... 

Farmer 

St.  Clair 

J  Farmer...... 

( Farmer 

24 
20 

88 

86 

1  Blacksmith. 

Farmer 

Tuscola 

VanBuren 

Carpenter 

Washtenaw 

Lawyer........... 

* 

j  Grocer............ 

)  Tailor 

_ 

152 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 


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SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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MARRIAGES — BY  NATIVITY. 


157 


EXHIBIT  D. — Number  of  Inhabitants  to  one  Marriage,  as 
Stated  for  Different  Foreign  Countries,  the  United  States, 
and  some  of  the  States  of  the  Union.  The  Statements  for 
Michigan  include  only  the  Inhabitants  of  Counties  repre- 
sented by  Returns  of  Marriages. 


COUNTRY,  STATE,  OR  CITY. 

Year  for  which 
the  Statement 
is  Made. 

Inhabitants    to 
one  Marriage 
annually. 

Anstria - .... ....................... 

117 
160 
122 
129 
122 
141 
122 
174 
129 
124 
106 
111 
107 
141 
185 
122 
185 
97 
105 
110 
107 

Bavaria .... ......... ........... ...... 

Belgium  .......... ............... ......... ......... . 

«• 

• 

England . _. .. .. ........ 

Finland 

oS 

Greece ....... .. ...  ... 

o 

00 
Of 

Holland 

a 

Norway  ............ .  ...I... .' .. ..... 

» 

Prussia .. . . . .. 

Rassia 

» 

Saxony. _ 

CD 

Spain 

a* 

•*> 

Sweden 

*0 

United  States 

1S60 
1S60 
1865 

S 

New  York 

o 

Massachusetts 

Ohio 

M 

A3 

Minnesota 

1S60 
1868 
18T0 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 

H 

Minnesota 

Minnesota* 

116 

Massachusetts  t> 

98.9 

Massachusetts  b 

94.9 

Massachusetts  i> 

94.9 

New  Jersey  <*..... .^ 

185. 

New  York  City* 

108. 

New  York  City« 

118. 

Michigan's 

108.9- 

Michigan  f...... 

119.9 

Michigan's 

117.8 

Michigan  *h 

181.0 

»  Taken  from  "Statistics  of  Minnesota  for  1870." 

b  Computed  from  data  in  Re?.  Reports  of  Massachusetts  for  the  respective  years,, 
the  estimated  population  on  page  6  of  Report  for  1874  being  used  in  the  statements  for 
1871  and  1872. 

c  There  were  sixteen  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  marriages  were  received. 
Computed  from  data  in  Reg.  Report  of  New  Jersey  for  1870. 

d  Computed  from  data  in  Report  of  Met.  Board  of  Health  for  1869. 

*  Computed  from  data  in  Report  of  Board  of  Health,  of  Health  Department,  for  1870. 

f  Marriages  corrected  up  to  May  1, 1874. 

e  Population  estimated  from  census  of  1860  and  1870. 

h  Marriages  in  some  counties  probably  not  yet  all  returned. 


DEATHS. 


The  whole  number  of  deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  in 
Michigan  during  the  year  ending  December  31,  1872,  is 
13,371.*  This  is  3,643  more  than  the  number  returned  for 
1871,  2,605  more  than  the  number  returned  for  1870,  and  4,226 
more  than  the  number  returned  for  1869.  Judging  from  the 
returns,  therefore,  more  deaths  occurred  in  Michigan  during 
the  year  1872  than  in  either  of  the  preceding  years. 

TABLE  I. — Deaths  in  Michigan  by  Quarters  of  the  Year ; 
Exhibiting  the  Per  Cent  of  Total  Deaths  Returned  for  each 
Quarter  of  the  Years  1868, 1869, 1870, 1871,  and  1872. 


1868. 

18C9. 

1S70. 

1871. 

1872. 

Totals,  and  Months 

with  which  Quarters 

End. 

Per  Cent,  of 
Total. 

PerCent  of 
Total. 

• 

o 

B 

PerCent.  of 
Total. 

• 

a> 

1 

PerCent.  of 
Total. 

6 

s 

PerCent.  of 
Total. 

Totals 

100.00 

100.00 

10,766 

100.00 

9,728 

100.00 

18,871 

100.00 

March 

21.70 

al9.04 

88.64 

24.84 

.76 

19.22 
21.60 
82.24 
26  20 
.52 

1,698 
2,121 
8,920 
2,992 
85 

15.77 
19.70 
86.41 
27.79 
.82 

1,S8S 
2,097 
2,926 
2,760 
57 

19.41 
2-1.55 
80.08 
23.87 

.5S 

2,299 
2,984 
4,441 
3,667 
80 

17.19 

June 

September 

21.94 
83.21 

December 

27.43 

Unknown 

.22 

Average  t> 

25.00 

25.00 

1 

2,691.50 

25.00 

2,482.00 

25.00 

8,842.75 

25.00 

*  Wo  have  reason  to  believe  that  only  about  68.81  per  cent,  of  the  deaths  for  1872 
were  returned.  In  order  to  make  them  equal  the  number  of  deaths  which  Drobably 
occurred,  the  18.371  deaths  returned  should  be  multiplied  by  1.56.  .Disregarding  the 
few  cases  in  which  the  month  of  death  was  not  stated,  the  number  is  found  to  be 
21,071.    See  Exhibit  G  on  a  following  page. 

a  The  number  of  deaths  for  the  month  of  April,  1S6S,  was  increased  by  one-fifth  of 
the  number  published  in  the  Second  Registration  Report,  because  of  first  five  days 
not  accounted  for. 

b  Including  deaths  in  unknown  quarter. 


DEATHS. 


159 


TABLE  II. — Deaths  in  Michigan  by  Months,  Exhibiting  the 
Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths  Returned  for  each  Month  of  the 
Years  1868, 1869,  1870, 1871,  and  1872,  the  Months  arranged 
in  Order  by  Number  of  Deaths,  the  greatest  Number  first. 


186S. 

1S69. 

1870. 

i 
1871. 

1872. 

1 

S3 
M 
P 

O 

Year 
aud 

Mo's. 

•4-9       • 

Ph  o 

Year 

aud 

Mo's. 

PL,  O 

Year 

and 

Mo's. 

S3 

O  o 

Hi  O 

Year 

and 

Mo's. 

• 

o 

c 
a 

*->  • 

O  o 

««« 

C*  o   ■ 

1  Year 
!  and 
Mo's. 

• 

u 

S 

a 

CM  0 

Year. 

• 

100.00 

Year. 

100.00 

■ 

Year . 

100.00 

Year. 

9,72S 

i 
100.00 

,  Year . 

1 

13,871 

100.00 

1 

Sept.. 

12.51 

Sept.. 

13.0* 

Aug.. 

18.59 

Aug.. 

1,0S3 

11.18! 

1 

'Aug. . 

1,738 

13.00 

2 

Aug.. 

11.98 

Aug.. 

11.60 

Sept.. 

12.66 

Sept.. 

1,055 

10.841  |Sept.. 

1,653 

12.36 

3 

Oct... 

9.42 

Oct... 

9.55 

Oct. .. 

10.51 

Dec. . 

1,029 

10.58  Oct.. 

1,821 

0.88 

4 

July.. 

9.07 

Dec. . 

9.14 

July. 

10.06 

Oct. .. 

933 

9.59  Dec.  . 

1,283 

9.63 

5 

Mar... 

S.12 

Mar... 

8.82 

Nov.. 

S.G'6 

Nov.. 

79S 

8.20i!April. 

1 1 

1,140 

8.53 

.« 

Dec: . 

8.11 

April. 

7.7S 

Dec. . 

8.61 

July . 

788 

8.101  [Nov.. 

J,05S 

7.91 

7 

Nov.. 

7.81 

July. 

7.51 

June. 

7.00 

Mar... 

7S1 

S.03I  iJuly.. 

1,050 

7.85 

8 

Feb... 

7.C7 

Nov.. 

7.50 

Mar... 

6.78 

iMay.. 

750 

7.71 

May.. 

979 

7.32 

9 

April. 

*7.07 

May.. 

7.18 

May . 

6.89 

April 

721 

7.41 

Mar... 

941 

7.04 

10 

Jan. . 

6.49 

Jane. 

6.S9 

April. 

6.29 

June. 

626 

6.48 

June. 

815 

6.10 

11 

May.. 

6.10 

Feb... 

6.18 

Feb.. 

5.13 

Feb... 

57S 

5.94 

Feb... 

756 

5.65 

12 

Jane. 

5.85 

Jan. . 

4.77 

Jan. . 

8.91 

Jan.. 

529 

5.44 

Jan. . 

602 

4.50 

Unk.. 

.76 

Unk.. 

.52 

Unk.. 

.82 

Unk.. 

57 

.59 

Unk.. 

80 

.02 

Av... 

8.33 

Ay... 

8.33 

Av. .. 

8.33 

Av._. 

810.66 

8.33: 

1 

Av... 

1,114.25 

8.83 

»  The  number  of  deaths  for  April,  1868,  is  increased  by  one-fifth  of  the  number  Dub- 
lished  in  the  Second  Registration  Report,  for  the  reason  that  the  first  five  days  of  that 
month  were  not  included  in  that  Report.  The  number  for  the  last  twenty-five  days 
was  486;  486-e-5«=97;  486+ 97=5S3"=estimated  number  of  deaths  for  April,  186S. 


It  is  gratifying  to  note  that  the  proportion  returned  in 
unknown  quarter  of  the  year  is  smaller  than  in  any  previous 
year. 

In  comparing  the  corresponding  quarters  of  the  two  years 
1871  and  1872,  it  may  be  seen  that  in  1872  the  proportion  of 
deaths  in  the  first  quarter  is  considerably  smaller  than  in 
1871;  in  the  second  quarter  the  proportion  is  nearly  the 
same;  in  the  third  quarter  it  is  much  larger;  and  in  the 
fourth  quarter  the  proportion  is  nearly  the  same  as  in  1871. 


160  SIXTH   REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 

Although  the  proportion  of  deaths  by  quarters  of  the  year 
is  different  in  the  two  years  1871  and  1872,  as  shown  by  Table 
L,  it  is  not  very  different  from  the  average  of  the  several  years 
since  registration  began.  The  most  marked  difference  consists 
in  a  slightly  greater  than  average  proportion  for  the  quarter 
ending  with  June,  1872. 

Table  II.  exhibits  the  proportion  of  deaths  returned  for  each 
month  since  1867,  and  also  by  months  the  number  for  the 
years  1871  and  1872.  There  is  a  general  similarity  through- 
out all  the  years.  In  1872,  as  in  1870  and  1871,  the  greatest 
number  were  returned  for  August  and  the  least  number  for 
January.  The  excessive  number  of  deaths  in  August  con- 
sisted largely,  as  usual,  of  deaths  of  children  under  five  years 
of  age,  and  from  diseases  affecting  the  bowels  and  nervous 
system.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  proportion  in  April  is  greater 
in  1872  than  in  any  previous  year.  This  fixes  the  month  in 
which  a  large  proportion  of  the  unusual  mortality  in  the 
second  quarter  previously  referred  to  occurred.  The  specific 
diseases  or  causes  of  death  to  which  this  unusual  mortality  wa& 
due,  may  be  learned  further  on  in  connection  with  deaths  by 
specified  causes  by  months,  by  sex,  etc.  Some  of  this  unusual 
mortality  was  due  to  cerebro-spinal  meningitis;  and  it  will 
probably  be  found  that  the  mortality  from  allied  diseases  was 
increased  because  of  influences  connected  therewith. 

By  comparing  the  months  of  the  census  year  ending  June 
1, 1870,  with  the  corresponding  months  of  other  years,  it  has 
been  found  that  the  proportion  of  deaths  returned  for  the 
several  months  was  not  generally  increased  in  the  census  year; 
that  is,  the  returns  of  the  U.  S.  Marshals  were  probably  not 
used  to  increase  the  registration  returns  of  the  supervisors  or 
of  the  county  clerks.  The  fact,  however,  still  remains  that 
during  the  quarter  ending  September,  1870,  after  the  close  of 
the  census  year,  but  including  a  large  part  of  the  time  during 
which  the  census  was  being  taken,  the  death-rate  appears  very 
much  greater  than  during  the  corresponding  quarter  in  other 


DEATHS  BY  MONTHS. 


161 


years.  As  suggested  on  page  152,  of  last  Eeport,  "  It  may  be 
true  that  at  least  sorae  proportion  of  this  increased  mortality 
was  only  apparent,  and  that  this  appearance  was  the  result 
of  an  increased  thoroughness  of  the  enumeration,  due  to 
increased  attention  attracted  to  the  subject  by  the  labors  of 
census  enumerators  and  other  officials." 

TABLE  III. — Number  and  Percentage  of  Deaths  of  Males 
and  Females  from  all  Causes,  as  Returned,  by  Months. 
( Unknoion  Sex  Excluded.) 


TEAR  AND  MONTHS. 


Year  1872. 


January 

February ._ 

March.. 

April 

May 

Jane 

July 

Auguet 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Unknown  Months 


Number. 


Make. 


T,182 


816 
89S 
510 
635 
505 
488 
533 
948 
898 
724 
567 
701 
9 


Fem'Js. 


6,162 


Percentage. 


Males. 


58.82 


284 
858 
429 
504 
472 
876 
509 
7S7 
758 
595 
487 
5S4 
19 


52.67 
52.65 
54.81 
55.75 
51.69 
53.81 
51. 38 
54.64 
54.08 
54.89 
58.80 
54.55 
82.14 


Fem'ls. 


46.1  S 


Excess. 


Males.    Fem'ls. 


47.88 
47.85 
45.69 
44.25 
4S.81 
46.19 
48.61 
45.36 
45.91 
45.11 
46.20 
45.45 
67.86 


7.64 


5.84 
5.80 
8.62 
11.50 
3.33 
7.62 
2.77 
9.2S 
8.17 
9.78 
7.60 
9.10 


Males 

to  100 

Fem'ls. 


116.6 


85.72 


111.3 
111.2 
118.9 
126.0 
107.0 
116.5 
105.7 
120.5 
117.8 
121.7 
116.4 
120.0 
47.4 


Certain  corrections  were  exhibited  in  last  Eeport,  and  in 
"  Statistics  of  Michigan,  1870,"  which  lead  to  a  belief  that  the 
number  of  deaths  which  probably  occurred,  and  which  would 
have  been  returned  if  the  enumeration  had  been  made  in  the 
months  of  occurrence  of  the  deaths,  is  21,101,  instead  of  13,371 
as  returned.  The  averages  of  deaths  as  returned,  and  as  cor- 
rected to  include  those  which  probably  occurred  during  the 
year  1872,  including  those  in  unknown  month,  are  as  follows: 
21 


162  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Averago  No.  of  Deaths.  As  Returned.  As  Corrected. 

Per  quarter 3,342.75 5,275.25 

Per  month 1,114.25 1,758.42 

Per  week 257.13 405.79 

Per  day 36.53 57.65 

Table  III.  shows  that  the  deaths  of  males  were  in  excess  in 
every  month  of  the  year,  the  greatest,  excess  being  in  April 
and  the  least  in  July.  The  large  excess  of  males  in  April 
appears  to  be  due  to  causes  specified  as:  Inflammation  of 
Brain,  having  an  excess  of  7;  Casualty,  of  21;  Consumption, 
of  23;  Diabetes,  of  4;  Pneumonia,  of  11;  Typhoid  Pneumo- 
nia, of  8;  Lung  Disease,  of  4;  Spinal  Fever,  of  6;  Spotted 
Fever,  of  11 :  and  Suicide,  an  excess  of  6  males.  The  excess 
of  males  is  not  made  to  appear  large  through  any  deficiency 
in  deaths  of  women  in  childbirth,  as  rather  more  than  the 
average  of  such  deaths  were  returned  for  April.  The  month 
of  April  seems  to  have  been  rather  exceptional  in  the  slightly 
greater  number  of  deaths  for  which  the  cause  was  not  stated ; 
indicating,  perhaps,  that  some  influence  was  acting  which  was 
not  as  well  understood  as  are  the  ordinary  diseases.  Among 
these  deaths  from  unknown  causes  the  excess  of  males  in 
April  was  2G.  From  suicide  there  is  usually  an  excess  of 
males,  but  for  April,  1872,  a  rather  unusual  number  were 
returned.  Possibly  some  connection  may  have  existed  between 
the  prevalence  of  "Spotted  Fever" — Cerebro-spinal  Menin- 
gitis— and  the  increased  number  of  suicides. 

Eecords  of  the  meteorological  conditions  for  the  entire 
State  for  that  time  are  not  accessible,  but  taking  those  at  Lan- 
sing, which  is  near  the  center  of  the  State,  they  show  that 
for  April,  1872,  the  temperature  was  not  far  either  from  the 
average  for  the  year  or  from  the  average  of  past  years  for  the 
same  month.  The  relative  humidity  or  per  cent,  of  saturation 
of  the  <air  was  considerably  greater  than  usual  for  that  month, 
being  74,  whereas  the  average  is  only  about  64  per  cent.  It 
wa3  less,  however,  than  the  average  for  the  year,  and  the  abso- 
lute humidity  was  also  less  than  the  average  for  the  year, 
although  not  unusual  for  April. 


DEATHS  BY  MONTHS — EQUALIZED. 


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SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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DEATHS  BY  MONTHS.  165 

Exhibit  A  contains  data  bearing  upon  the  number  and  pro- 
portion of  deaths  by  months,  and  the  number  and  proportion 
of  each  sex  among  decedents  by  months  in  1872.  This 
Exhibit  differs  from  Table  III.  in  that  in  the  Exhibit  the 
months  are  made  more  nearly  comparable  by  being  equalized 
to  uniform  length.  This  does  not  particularly  affect  the  rela- 
tions of  the  sexes,  and  they  have  already  been  commented  on. 
The  relations  of  the  several  months  are  somewhat  modified, 
compared  with  Table  II.  The  modifications,  however,  are 
essential  to  the  proper  comparison  of  the  deaths  by  months, 
as  returned ;  and  still  further  modification  is  believed  to  be 
necessary  in  order  to  compare  by  months  the  actual  deaths 
which  occurred.  The  results  of  both  of  these  modifications 
are  graphically  exhibited  in  Diagram  No.  3,  page  169,  as  regards 
the  deaths  for  the  year  1872,  and  also  for  the  years  1870  and 
1871. 

An  examination  of  Exhibit  B  shows  a  general  though  not 
entire  uniformity  in  the  order  of  the  months  for  the  different 
years  in  the  same  State,  and  for  the  same  years  in  the  different 
States  included  in  the  Exhibit.  August  generally  heads  the 
list,  and  September  closely  follows.  In  Michigan  the  least 
number  of  deaths  are  generally  returned  for  January,  while  in 
Massachusetts  the  least  number  seem  to  be  returned  for  June. 
This  transposition  of  January  and  June  is  shown  also  in  Mich- 
igan for  the  year  1871,  when  corrected  for  omissions,  and  the 
least  number  is  also  returned  for  June  of  the  census  year, 
as  shown  by  returns  of  census  marshals.  The  census  year 
began  with  June,  consequently  a  longer  time  had  elapsed 
between  the  occurrence  and  the  enumeration  of  the  deaths  in 
June  than  of  the  deaths  in  any  other  month  of  the  census 
year.  The  registration  year  begins  with  January,  and  undoubt- 
edly this  has  the  effect  of  reducing  the  number  of  deaths 
returned  for  that  month,  because  the  deaths  are  not  placed 
upon  record  as  soon  as  they  occur,  but  are  enumerated  by  the 


166  SIXTH  BEGISTBATfON  REPORT. 

supervisors  in  the  spring  following  the  year  in  which  they 
occur. 

In  the  last  Report  evidence  was  given  upon  which  is  based 
the  belief  that  the  omissions  in  enumerating  the  deaths  as  is 
now  done  are  in  direct  proportion  to  the  time  elapsing  between 
the  deaths  and  their  enumeration.  The  proportion  of  the 
deaths  omitted  in  a  given  year  because  of  the  lapse  of  one 
year's  time  is  found  by  comparing  the  deaths  for  December  in 
one  year,  and  the  deaths  for  the  next  succeeding  month,  Jan- 
nary  of  the  following  year,  as  returned  by  the  registration 
officers,  with  the  deaths  for  December  and  January  of  the 
census  year  ending  June  1, 1870,  as  returned  by  the  census 
marshals.  For  December  and  January  the  enumeration  was 
made  by  the  census  marshals  at  the  same  time,  consequently 
there  was  only  the  difference  between  these  months  due  to  the 
lapse  of  a  single  month,  whereas  in  the  enumeration  of  the 
deaths  for  these  months  by  the  supervisors  an  entire  year 
elapses  between  the  enumeration  of  the  deaths  in  December, 
and  of  those  in  the  succeeding  month.  We  have  no  sure 
means  of  ascertaining  whether  the  relation  found  between 
these  months  in  the  census  year  is  absolutely  the  same  in  1872 
if  enumerated  in  the  same  way,  but  in  order  to  make  the  pro- 
posed correction  we  act  upon  such  an  assumption. 

In  making  the  correction  for  1872  we  make  the  following 
proportion : 

Census.  Registration. 


"-** ^       r * ■ N 


Dec.  1869.    Jan.  1870.    Dec.  1871.    Jan.  1872. 

801  :  800  :  :  1,029  :  x,  whence  x  =  1,028, 
which  is  the  estimated  number  for  January,  1872,  if  the  enu- 
meration for  January  had  been  made  at  the  same  time  as  for 
December.  The  number  actually  returned  for  January,  1872, 
i3  602.  1,028  —  602  =  426  =  70.76  per  cent,  of  602,  the  num- 
ber returned.  This  70.76  is  the  per  cent,  of  loss  occasioned 
by  the  delay  of  one  year  in  enumerating,  and  the  per  cent,  by 


DEATHS—CORRECTIONS  FOR  OMISSIONS.  167 

which  the  deaths  must  be  increase^  to  compensate  for  a  delay 
of  one  year  in  enumerating.  The  enumeration  of  the  deaths  in 
each  year  being  made  in  May  of  the  succeeding  year,  it  fol- 
lows that  the  correction  for  one  year's  delay  in  enumeration 
should  be  applied  to  May,  while  for  all  previous  months  of  the 
same  year  the  corrections  should  be  increased  in  proportion  to 
the  increase  of  time,  and  for  all  succeeding  months  of  that 
year  the  corrections  should  be  decreased  in  proportion  to  the 
decrease  of  time  between  the  date  of  occurrence  and  the  date 
of  enumeration.  We  therefore  use  70.76  as  the  per  cent,  of 
increase  for  May,  as  sho^wn  in  Exhibit  G,  and  for  April  the 
per  cent,  of  increase  is  obtained  by  adding  one-twelfth  of  70.76 
per  cent,  to  the  per  cent,  for  May,  and  so  on  for  the  months 
previous  to  May;  for  June  the  per  cent,  of  increase  is  found 
by  subtracting  one-twelfth  of  70.76  per  cent,  from  the  per 
cent,  for  May,  and  so  on  for  each  month  of  1872  following 
May.  By  this  method  we  are  enabled  to  obtain  the  line  in 
Exhibit  G  entitled  "Deaths  if  enumerated  in  months  of  occur- 
rence/' which  shows  the  probable  number  of  deaths  in  each 
month  of  the  year  1872. 


SIXTH  EEOISTBATION  BEPORT. 


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EXHIBIT  G—  Deaths  in  Michigan  during 
merating ;  the  same  Equalized  for  lucre 
the  Deaths  as  thus  Corrected  and  Equal 
length  of  3044  days  ;  also  indicating  som 

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DIAGRAM 

NO. 

3. 

Deaths  in  Michigan  during  each  of  the  years  iSjo,  1871  and  if/9,  at 
returned,  and  at  corrected  for  omissions  and  equalized  for  increase  of  popula- 
tion; in  each  case  by  months  equalized  to  uniform  length. 

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Designed  by  Henry  B.  Baker, 


DEATHS.  171 

Diagram  No.  3  exhibits  graphically  the  relations  of  the  sev- 
eral years  1870, 1871,  and  1872  to  each  other,  the  relations  of 
the  several  months  in  each  year  to  each  other  and  to  the 
months  in  the  other  years,  etc.,  etc.,  concerning  the  deaths  in 
Michigan  by  months  equalized  to  uniform  length;  and  also 
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rected for  omissions  in  enumeration.  The  line  representing 
the  deaths  "As  returned  equalized,  1872,"  is  the  same  as 
the  first  column  in  exhibit  A;  and  the  similar  lines  for  the 
other  years  are  from  similar  Exhibits  in  past  Reports.  The 
line  "Corrected,  etc.,  and  equalized,"  represents  the  tenth  line 
in  Exhibit  G.  One  of  the  most  noticeable  peculiarities  in  the 
diagram  is  the  unusually  large  number  of  deaths  in  April, 
1872,  and  the  gradual  approach  thereto  in  March,  and  decline 
therefrom  in  May.  For  some  remarks  concerning  the  excess 
of  male  decedents,  and  the  causes  specified  for  the  unusual 
deaths  of  males  in  April,  see  page  162  of  this  Report. 


172 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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173 


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176  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

By  Table  IV.  it  may  be  seen  that  the  deaths  of  children 
under  five  years  of  age  hear  the  large  proportion  of  41.52  per 
cent,  of  the  total  deaths  returned  for  1872.  This,  however,  is 
not  an  unusual  proportion,  and  is  even  smaller  than  in  some 
cities  in  this  country,  but  it  indicates  that  in  any  attempt  of 
sanitarians  to  reduce  the  death-rate  there  is  a  wide  field  for 
labor  in  connection  with  those  diseases  which  prove  so  fatal  to 
the  children.  Among  such  diseases,  as  may  appear  further 
on,  Scarlet  Fever  is  one  in  which  grand  results  in  the  saving  of 
human  lives  seem  to  be  promised  as  the  probable  reward  of 
thorough  action  for  its  prevention  and  restriction. 

As  usual  in  this  State,  the  deaths  of  males  exceed  those  of 
females;  and  also  as  usual,  the  deaths  of  females  exceed  those 
of  males  at  the  ages  between  five  and  forty  years. 

Exhibit  1  is  a  new  one,  planned  to  show  the  time  of  year 
of  greatest  danger  to  life  at  the  different  periods  of  age.  It 
needs  to  be  stated  at  the  outset  that  the  relations  of  the  sev- 
eral months  would  be  slightly  different  if  the  deaths  were 
corrected  for  omissions  in  enumeration.  About  how  they 
would  be  modified  can  be  best  estimated  by  studying  Diagram 
No.  3.  Notwithstanding  the  modification  which  it  needs,  and 
the  omissions  which  seem  to  render  it  necessary,  it  is  believed 
that  the  most  important  general  truths  which  the  Exhibit 
makes  apparent  are  so  strongly  founded  in  reality  that  they 
would  still  remain,  though  perhaps  slightly  modified,  if  the 
statistics  were  perfect. 

By  Table  IV.  it  appears  that  about  one-fourth  of  all  the 
deaths  in  1872  were  of  children  under  one  year  of  age.  By 
Exhibit  1  it  appears  that  the  month  of  greatest  danger  to  such 
children  was  August,  in  which  month  nearly  one-fifth  of  all 
the  deaths  of  these  children  occurred.  September  and  July 
were  also  fatal  months,  although  to  a  less  number  of  children. 
Nearly  one-half  of  all  the  deaths  during  1872  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age  were  returned  as  having  occurred  in  the 
three  months  of  July,  August,  and  September.    The  number 


DEATHS — BY  MONTHS,  BY  AGE.  177 

of  such  deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  in  August  were 
more  than  five  times  the  number  returned  for  January.  For 
purposes  of  prevention,  a  great  point  is  gained  when  a  danger 
is  once  fully  known  and  appreciated.  One  object  in  present- 
ing this  evidence  is  to  enable  those  who  are  sufficiently  intel- 
ligent on  such  subjects  to  take  advantage  of  the  knowledge, 
and  act  more  intelligently  for  the  preservation  of  their  offspring. 
By  Exhibit  1  it  appears  that  the  greatest  danger  to  children 
under  five  years  of  age  in  1872  was  also  in  August.  It  is 
worthy  of  remark  that  the  danger  in  July  appears  to  have 
been  less,  and  in  September  greater,  than  to  children  aged 
under  one  year.  It  is  possible  that  the  real  time  of  exposure 
to  danger  was  the  same  for  both  periods  of  age,  but  that  the 
older  children  did  not  succumb  to  the  influences  until  after  a 
longer  time.  Whether  this  is  or  is  not  the  correct  explanation, 
the  fact  may  also  be  noted  that  the  greatest  number  of  deaths 
of  those  aged  five  to  ten  years  was  postponed  to,  or  at  least 
occurred,  a  month  later  than  of  those  aged  under  five  years, 
September  being  the  month  of  greatest  fatality,  and  October 
being  next  for  that  time  of  year;  but  at  this  period  of  age 
(five  to  ten),  the  deaths  in  April  came  next  in  number  below 
the  deaths  for  September.  Among  children  under  five  years 
of  age  we  find  an  exception  to  the  unusual  mortality  in  April, 
1872,  which  is  apparent  at  all  other  periods  of  life  that  are  tab- 
ulated in  Exhibit  1.  Many  other  interesting  facts  appear  in 
the  Exhibit,  but  more  precise  knowledge  of  the  relations  of 
age  to  months  in  connection  with  deaths  may  be  gained  from 
a  study  of  the  tables  V.  and  VI,  which  follow  it.  Further  on, 
the  diseases  are  also  studied  by  months ;  and  as  regards  some 
of  the  prominent  causes  of  death  they  are  studied  in  connec- 
tion with  the  relations  of  age  of  decedents  and  months  of 
occurrence. 

23 


178 


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DEATHS— BY  AGE,  BY  SEX,  BY  MONTHS. 


183 


TABLE  VI. — Exhibiting,  by  Sex  and  by  Months,  the  Number 
Returned  as  having  Died  in  Michigan  during  the  Year  1872 
at  each  and  every  Age;  the  Age  stated  in  Twelfths  of  a  Year 
for  those  under  One,  and  in  Years  for  those  over  One  Year 
of  Age. 


m  bo 

a  n 

Mouths,  1872. 

£5  • 

3*8 

SEX. 

• 
CO 

u 
OS 

• 

£ 

oS 
D 
0 
OS 

56 

• 

cS 

0 
%* 

<o 

to 
64 

• 

f 

at 
* 

98 

< 

78 

• 
08 

77 

• 

0 

0 

68 

• 

a 
102 

. 

*•> 
so 
0 
b£ 
P 

< 

182 

■ 

V 

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a 

a* 

QQ 

110 

• 

a 

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o 

■4-* 

o 
O 

87 

a 

> 
o 

72 

§ 

Q 
140 

• 

a 

* 

o 

0 

1A 

a 

r  Total.... 
Under!  Males.... 

1,074 

9 

615 

27 

86 

54 

45 

44 

86 

65 

77 

65 

54 

85 

77 

•  <M 

1-1 2.  *^ 

Females.. 

489 

27 

28 

87 

80 

82 

26 

86 

58 

48 

82 

88 

60 

2 

.Unknown 

20 

2 

•  •■«••. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

4 

8 

•  • 

Total.... 

824 

4 

10 

17 

16 

21 

15 

26 

68 

52 

86 

28 

84 

2 

1-12.  • 

Males 

178 

2 

6 

S 

8 

10 

10 

15 

86 

29 

18 

12 

19 

•  w 

.  Females^. 

151 

2 

4 

9 

8 

11 

5 

11 

82 

28 

18 

11 

15 

2 

Total.... 

251 

10 

7 

17 

11 

10 

15 

85 

56 

81 

25 

12 

20 

2 

212.  < 

Males.... 

125 

2 

2 

11 

7 

8 

6 

20 

27 

18 

18 

7 

18 

1 

.  Females . 

126 

8 

5 

6 

4 

7 

9 

15 

29 

18 

12 

5 

7 

1 

Total-— 

265 

9 

8 

11 

8 

15 

15 

42 

57 

40 

88 

18 

14 

m  • 

8-12.  « 

Males 

18S 

6 

2 

6 

4 

5 

9 

27 

88 

17 

14 

8 

7 

*« 

.  Females.. 

127 

8 

6 

5 

4 

10 

6 

15 

24 

28 

19 

5 

7 

m  •» 

Total.... 

200 

5 

4 

7 

4 

12 

9 

81 

47 

84 

25 

11 

11 

■ft  •■ 

4-12.  - 

Males 

Females.. 
Unknown 

118 

81 

1 

20S 

5 

8 
1 

5 
2 

8 
1 

8 
4 

5 
4 

18 

18 

22 

24 
1 

58 

26 

8 

15 
10 

7 
4 

6 
5 

■J  OB 

[Total.... 

5-12.  \  Males.... 

[Females.. 

5 

11 

18 

10 

9 

5 

80 

32 

20 

8 

12 

111 

2 

8 

6 

4 

4 

4 

15 

25 

18 

12 

5 

8 

»• 

97 

8 

8 

7 

6 

5 

1 

15 

29 

14 

8 

8 

4 

«•  m 

Total.... 

201 

6 

10 

7 

17 

4 

12 

28 

44 

87 

18 

8 

19 

1 

6-12. 

-  Males 

107 

8 

6 

4 

18 

4 

7 

12 

25 

18 

6 

4 

4 

1 

.Females.. 

91 

8 

4 

8 

4 

.... 

6 

11 

19 

19 

7 

4 

15 

m  m 

»  Stillbirths  included.    See  table  of  specified  causes  of  deatb. 


184 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VI.— Continued.— Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


«   OD 

5S 

W  *  .j 

>* 
««* 

o  •*  c 


s£ 


SEX. 


T-12.  -I 


f  Total...  _ 
Males... 
Females 


Total 

8-12.  •{  Males.... 
Females . 


f  Total.... 

9-12.  \  Males... 

[Females 


10-12. 


11-12. 


1. 


2. 


8. 


4. 


f  Total 

Males 

.  Females . 

f  Total 

Males 

Females. 

f  Total 

Males 

.Females. 

Total 

Males 

.  Females . 

Total 

Males 

Females. 

Total 

Males.... 
.Females. 


• 

So 

U 

* 

o 

Months,  : 

1872. 

• 

a 
a 
a 

2 

• 
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et 

E 
■8 

6 

• 

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f* 

3 

6 

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8 

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9 

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< 

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a 

si 

9 

182 

79 

1 

8 

4 

4 

5 

6 

9 

19 

11 

7 

5 

58 

1 

8 

2 

4 

4 

8 

6 

15 

6 

4 

4 

158 

8 

5 

9 

14 

10 

11 

16 

88 

26 

12 

8 

85 

1 

8 

6 

5 

5 

8 

12 

22 

11 

S 

2 

6S 

2 

2 

8 

9 

5 

8 

4 

16 

16 

4 

1 

151 

4 

4 

11 

10 

10 

5 

14 

89 

24 

14 

10 

91 

2 

8 

6 

6 

8 

1 

6 

21 

16 

9 

7 

63 

2 

1 

5 

4 

2 

4 

8 

18 

8 

5 

8 

152 

8 

7 

6 

8 

7 

7 

21 

86 

IS 

13 

18 

91 

4 

5 

5 

5 

4 

5 

12 

20 

12 

8 

6 

61 

4 

2 

1 

8 

8 

2 

9 

16 

6 

5 

7 

161 

4 

6 

6 

6 

10 

11 

29 

29 

29 

15 

9 

98 

4 

8 

5 

4 

7 

7 

18 

17 

17 

11 

3 

68 

•  •  •  * 

8 

1 

2 

8 

4 

16 

12 

12 

4 

6 

1,050 

40 

43 

61 

57 

62 

42 

82 

220 

217 

86 

65 

579 

21 

19 

84 

88 

40 

22 

42 

121 

120 

89 

84 

471 

16 

24 

27 

19 

22 

20 

40 

99 

97 

47 

81 

582 

22 

80 

49 

44 

83 

48 

40 

99 

S6 

58 

86 

810 

9 

15 

25 

28 

18 

19 

19 

60 

46 

29 

22 

272 

13 

15 

24 

21 

20 

24 

21 

89 

40 

24 

14 

869 

28 

29 

26 

40 

25 

15 

22 

40 

43 

84 

26 

180 

15 

18 

12 

20 

10 

11 

11 

22 

21 

18 

8 

189 

18 

16 

14 

20 

15 

4 

11 

18 

22 

16 

18 

276 

16 

21 

19 

21 

23 

21 

21 

85 

84 

25 

21 

153 

8 

18 

7 

11 

12 

15 

12 

22 

16 

11 

15 

128 

8 

8 

IS 

10 

11 

6 

9 

18 

18 

14 

6 

u 

i 


0. 
O 

a 
a 


1 
1 


1  .. 

6 
2 

4 

9 
6 
8 

7 
5 
2 

7 
2 
5 


73 
46 
27 

47 

80 
17 

41 
19 
22 

19 

11 

8 


2 


2 


DEATH8 — BY  AQE,  BT  SEX,  BY  MONTHS.  185 

TABLE  VI— Continued.— Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


i 

SEX. 

8 

15 
E 

IS 

0 

1 

| 
S 

1 

& 

S 

9 
1 

16 

16 
12 

IT 
U 

c 

18 

7 

10 
1 
3 

9      28 
4        B 
B      14 

10       12 

1     11 

a 

:o 
11 

22 
11 
11 

J 
| 

2S 
10 
IS 

£1 
T 

| 

IE 

12 
6 
E 

1 

Q 

IS 
2 

18 

10 

5. 

e. 

Total 

Males.... 

Total 

females . 

210 
OS 
118 

1SS 

160 

n 

fi- 
lls 

N 

»6 

•! 
GL 

4i 

a 
n 

42 
17 

sb 
42 

4T 

' 

8. 
10. 

11, 

Total 

Maleo.___ 
L  Femalei . 

[Total 

!  Halea.... 
[  Females . 

f  Total 

i  Hales..„ 
(.Femalei . 

fTotal.... 
|  Hales.... 
[.Females . 

( Total 
-!  Males.... 
[Females. 

[Total 

|  Hales.... 
1  Females. 

fTolal 
■1  Halea... 

(  Females 

3 

0 

B 

6 

f 

1 

2 

4 

IS 

B 

9 
S 

i 

* 

B 
1 

8 

0 

6 

B 
8 

C 

4 
1 

8 

8 

e 

8 
6 

12 

8 
I 

18 

B 

8 

S 

a 

8 

I 
I 

i 

1 
i 

6 
E 
8 

8 

8 

.  „ 

8 
B 
4 

e 

s 

8 
9 

1: 

►    . 

\    • 

18 
12 

e 
s 

B 

M 

4 
8 

1 

S 

13 
1 
4 

11 

1 

IT 
T 

10 
B 

B 
8 
i 

fi 
1 
4 

1 
8 

E 

8 

14 
1 
I 

B 
1 

a 

i 

8 
B 

J 
4 

10 
8 

10 

2 
B 

B 
8 

t 

6 

3 
B 

12 

■ 

186 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VI.— Continued. — Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sexy  by  Months. 


a 

Months,  1872. 

-< 

SEX. 

g 

«4 

«S 

K 

M 

a 

< 

• 

« 
a 
a 

5 

• 

08 
g 

■8 

10 

• 

■3 

3 

6 

P. 

< 

9 

• 

as 

18 

• 

a 

a 

7 

• 

"5 
»■» 

7 

00 

1 

< 

14 

a 
8- 

OQ 

12 

• 

V 

£> 

O 

o 
O 

12 

§ 

o 

11 

• 
CJ 

B 

$ 

Q 
12 

• 

i 

0 
a 

M 

a 

Total.... 

118 

-. 

14.   - 

Males 

65 

2 

6 

2 

6 

6 

8 

2 

9 

8 

6 

8 

2 

OB  OB 

.Females. 

68 

8 

4 

4 

8 

7 

4 

5 

5 

4 

6 

8 

10 

-- 

Total 

92 

5 

5 

4 

11 

14 

7 

8 

8 

10 

7 

6 

7 

•  m 

15.   - 

Males 

85 

•  «■  ■»  • 

1 

2 

6 

8 

4 

8 

2 

2 

8 

2 

2 

•bob 

.  Females . 

57 

5 

4 

2 

5 

6 

8 

5 

6 

8 

4 

4 

5 

-- 

Total.... 

91 

6 

5 

9 

8 

5 

6 

9 

8 

7 

12 

9 

7 

.- 

16.    - 

Males 

89 

8 

8 

6 

8 

2 

4 

8 

4 

1 

5 

8 

2 

-- 

.Females.. 

52 

8 

2 

8 

5 

8 

2 

6 

4 

6 

7 

6 

5 

OB  a* 

fTotal.... 

115 

1 

6 

10 

18 

10 

18 

8 

11 

8 

17 

9 

9 

-- 

IT.  -I  Males.... 

58 

1 

2 

4 

4 

5 

4 

1 

5 

6 

11 

5 

7 

-- 

1 

I  Females . 

57 

.... 

4 

6 

6 

5 

9 

7 

6 

2 

6 

4 

2 

-- 

■ 

fTotal.... 

114 

2 

5 

10 

11 

7 

5 

7 

S 

14 

12 

16 

17 

•  ob 

18.   - 

Males 

56 

J 

8 

8 

6 

8 

8 

8 

8 

C 

6 

9 

10 

m  •» 

.  Females . 

58 

1 

2 

7 

5 

4 

2 

4 

5 

8 

6 

7 

7 

— 

Total.... 

121 

8 

S 

9 

10 

1C 

7 

7 

15 

18 

15 

14 

10 

-- 

19.    - 

Males.... 

51 

2 

8 

4 

4 

4 

2 

2 

6 

6 

7 

6 

5 

-- 

Females . 

70 

1 

-      5 

5 

6 

6 

5 

5 

9 

7 

8 

8 

0 

0»  OB 

Total .... 

188 

8 

12 

8 

17 

10 

10 

>2 

11 

11 

17 

7 

19 

1 

20.   - 

Males 

58 

1 

4 

4 

5 

8 

2 

5 

7 

6 

9 

4 

7 

1 

Females. 

80 

2 

8 

4 

12 

7 

8 

7 

4 

5 

8 

8 

12 



fTotal.... 

184 

4 

8 

5 

9 

18 

8 

11 

11 

19 

21 

17 

18 

21.  -j  Males.... 

71 

8 

8 

8 

5 

5 

8 

5 

5 

11 

18 

11 

4 



1  Females _ 

68 

1 



2 

4 

8 

5 

6 

6 

8 

8 

6 

9 

OB  «B 

Total.... 

155 

6 

6 

13 

8 

15 

17 

5 

18 

15 

22 

19 

16 

-- 

22.   - 

Males 

75 

8 

8 

S 

6 

5 

6 

2 

6 

6 

11 

10 

9 

■  B) 

Females. 

80 

8 

8 

5 

2 

10 

11 

8 

7 

9 

11 

9 

7 

-- 

DEATHS— BY  AGE,  BT   SEX,  BY  MONTHS. 


187 


TABLE  VI.— Continued.— Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


• 

m 
« 

CQ 

M 
O 

< 

Mouths,  1S72. 

SEX. 

• 
0<l 

£ 

ft. 

Qt 

• 

a 
« 

10 

• 

« 
a 

6 

• 

« 
8 

< 
12 

• 

M 
8 

• 

0 
0 

9 

• 

4 

. 
•*< 
■> 

B 

P 
5 

c 

s 

00 

8 

o 
o 
O 

15 

12 

« 

ft 

17 

• 

a 
© 

a 

P 

Total.... 

114 

.  m 

28.   < 

Males 

49 

4 

----. 

2 

8 

8 

2 

1 

4 

8 

8 

6 

18 

-- 

Females.. 

65 

6 

6 

6 

9 

5 

7 

8 

1 

5 

7 

6 

4 

-- 

f  Total 

1 

142 

8 

11 

9 

19 

18 

11 

10 

8 

11 

15 

17 

15 

toto 

24.  -{Males.... 

56 

2 

5 

2 

9 

4 

4 

2 

2 

5 

6 

7 

8 

«•• 

[Females- 

86 

1 

6 

7 

10 

9 

7 

8 

6 

6 

9 

10 

7 

•   A 

Total.... 

112 

4 

7 

8 

14 

5 

5 

10 

8 

12 

10 

18 

15 

1 

25.   < 

Males 

52 

•  •  •  • 

1 

4 

8 

8 

2 

1 

4 

7 

5 

9 

8 

to  v 

.  Females . 

60 

4 

6 

4 

6 

2 

8 

9 

4 

5 

5 

4 

7 

f  Total.... 
i 

126 

8 

18 

12 

10 

10 

5 

9 

18 

10 

18 

9 

18 

1 

26.   -(Males 

57 

8 

5 

5 

2 

4 

8 

1 

8 

4 

8 

7 

7 

to    « 

(.Females. 

6s> 

5 

8 

7 

8 

6 

2 

8 

5 

6 

5 

2 

6 

1 

Total.... 

108 

5 

7 

5 

9 

8 

11 

8 

11 

18 

10 

8 

18 

•    « 

27.   - 

Males 

45 

4 

2 

4 

1 

5 

2 

8 

4 

4 

4 

5 

7 

to_ 

Females. 

68 

1 

5 

1 

8 

8 

9 

5 

7 

9 

6 

8 

6 

to  to 

Total.... 

122 

10 

8 

9 

11 

8 

11 

11 

12 

8 

12 

14 

18 

to  to 

28.    - 

Males 

58 

5 

1 

6 

5 

4 

4 

8 

6 

1 

9 

8 

6 

to  to 

„  Females . 

64 

5 

2 

8 

6 

4 

7 

8 

6 

7 

8 

6 

7 

-- 

"Total.... 

80 

8 

8 

8 

11 

5 

8 

8 

6 

7 

7 

8 

11 

—  ^ 

22.    - 

Males 

88 

1 

8 

1 

4 

1 

5 

4 

4 

8 

5 

8 

4 

to.. 

Females . 

42 

2 



2 

7 

4 

8 

4 

2 

4 

2 

5 

7 

to  to 

[  Total .... 

1 

97 

8 

5 

6 

5 

18 

6 

6 

8 

11 

9 

17 

8 

—  — 

80.  i  Males 

t  Females . 

42 

•  *  •  • 

4 

8 

1 

6 

2 

2 

8 

6 

4 

5 

6 

to  to 

55 

8 

1 

8 

4 

7 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

12 

2 

-- 

Total.... 

70 

4 

8 

6 

6 

5 

5 

2 

8 

9 

8 

8 

11 

m  ^ 

81. 

Males.... 

80 

to  —  *  » 

2 

1 

4 

3 

8 

•  *«»• 

2 

6 

8 

8 

8 

to- 

.Females . 

40 

4 

1 

5 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

8 

5 

5 

8 

•  • 

188 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 


TABLE  VI. — Continued.— Deaths  ly  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


• 

« 

SEX. 

• 

CO 

rt 

Months,  1872. 

M 

>* 
55 

M 
ttl 

H 
O 

< 

• 

b 

08 
P 

a 
7 

• 

as 

a 

u 

■8 

8 

• 

•8 

* 

10 

• 

< 
4 

• 

«s 
3 

5 

• 

a 

o 

8 

• 

8 

BO 

& 

P 

9 

• 

hi 

V 

a 

P. 

o 
GQ 

9 

Q) 

o 

■♦J 

o 
O 

12 

• 

o 

.o 

o 

& 
11 

• 
9 

S 
O 

o 

0) 

p 

8 

• 

a 

o 
a 

M 

a 

P 

Total.... 

9S 

.. 

Males 

41 

1 

2 

6 

2 

1 

*  5 

8 

2 

8 

7 

5 

4 

•  • 

82.   - 

Females . 
.  Unknown 

Total.... 

57 
1 

104 

6 

6 

4 

2 

8 
1 

9 

8 

5 

7 

6 

5 

6 

4 

•- 

8 

8 

10 

12 

S 

5 

9 

8 

7 

10 

14 

1 

88.    ■ 

Males 

54 

8 

8 

6 

7 

5 

2 

2 

6 

7 

1 

5 

6 

1 

Females. 

50 

5 

*  •  *  • 

4 

5 

4 

6 

8 

8 

1 

6 

5 

8 

— 

Total.— 

88 

6 

8 

6 

6 

5 

6 

11 

10 

11 

4 

8 

7 

*  • 

84.    - 

Males 

87 

8 

1 

2 

6 

1 

8 

2 

4 

4 

8 

2 

6 

•  • 

.Females.. 

46 

8 

2 

4 

•»*»•«» 

4 

8 

9 

6 

7 

1 

6 

1 

-- 

Total.... 

116 

10 

8 

2 

18 

18 

12 

8 

11 

9 

9 

10 

16 

•• 

85.   -\ 

Males 

64 

8 

8 

2 

8 

8 

7 

2 

5 

6 

5 

6 

9 

■  * 

.Females. 

52 

7 

5 

•  «••• 

5 

5 

5 

1 

6 

8 

4 

4 

7 

-- 

"Total.... 

82 

4 

10 

6 

11 

8 

7 

4 

4 

9 

6 

8 

4 

1 

80.   • 

Males 

88 

8 

4 

2 

7 

8 

8 

1 

2 

1 

2 

8 

2 

*  • 

.Females. 

49 

1 

6 

4 

4 

5 

4 

8 

2 

8 

4 

5 

2 

1 

[Total     , 

84 

8 

4 

8 

10 

7 

8 

6 

6 

11 

8 

8 

10 

•  • 

8T.   - 

Males.-.. 

87 

•  •  •  * 

1 

1 

6 

2 

5 

8 

1 

5 

4 

5 

4 

•  at 

.Females. 

47 

8 

8 

2 

4 

5 

8 

8 

5 

6 

4 

8 

6 

-- 

Total.... 

98 

2 

7 

1 

17 

8 

9 

4 

7 

10 

11 

18 

9 

•  * 

88.   - 

Males 

46 

•  •  •• 

2 

1 

9 

5 

8 

8 

8 

4 

5 

7 

4 

•  * 

.Females.. 

52 

2 

5 

•  •  •  • 

S 

8 

6 

1 

4 

6 

6 

6 

5 

«• 

f Total  .... 

85 

4 

9 

6 

6 

7 

8 

4 

8 

9 

8 

10 

11 

•  m 

80.   • 

Males 

40 

2 

2 

2 

8 

4 

1 

2 

3 

5 

5 

4 

7 

«R«i 

.Females . 

45 

2 

7 

4 

8 

8 

2 

2 

5 

4 

8 

6 

4 

•  • 

Total 

106 

6 

2 

8 

11 

4 

9 

8 

9 

15 

18 

8 

18 

*  m 

40.   - 

i 

Males.... 

54 

8 

2 

4 

5 

2 

5 

8 

5 

9 

6 

6 

5 

m  m 

.Females. 

52 

8 

m  m  m  m 

4 

6 

2 

4 

5 

4 

6 

7 

8 

8 

•  m 

DEATHS— BT   AGE, 

TABLE  VI.— Continued.— 


BY  SEX,  BY  MONTHS. 
Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  < 


189 

y  Months. 


[Total.... 

-j  Mill*.. 

(.Females . 


I  Total.. .. 
Males... 

I  Total-. 
Males... 
Female* . 

fToUL.... 

a.   j  Males.... 
I  Femalei . 

I  Total 
Males 
Femalei. 

1  Total- .. 
Males... 
Femalea . 


(TotaL... 
Hales... 


(Total... 
•1  Hale*.., 


! 

a 

8 
B 

S 

11 

R 
G 

T 

1 
I 

1 

e 
e 
1 

6 
8 
8 

7 
1 

16 
» 
0 

12 
S 

s 

1 

e 

R 

a 

• 
i 

t 

e 

8 
11 

t 

8 

$ 

B 
8 

at 

i 

| 

■3 

| 

1 

| 

1 
1 

a 
| 

« 

B 
7 

7 
S 

1 

a 

8 
8 

6 

B 

1 

a 
s 
s 

1 

1 
S 

s 

8 

6 
1 

? 

g 

10 

t 

B 

6 
B 

■ 
■ 

4 

6 
fl 

5 

15 
11 

4 

T 
B 

11 
6 
B 

IS 
1 

10 

4 
t 

10 

B 

1 

16 

B 

T 
B 
I 

* 

t 

8 

B 
1 

1 

14 

1 

3 

6 
8 

I 

B 

8 

190 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VI. — Continued. — Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


• 

5S 

SEX. 

• 

S 

« 

Months,  1872. 

M 
00 

w 

< 

• 

a 

u 

* 
4 

• 
0* 

o 

£> 

h 

4 

• 
01 

4 

. 

p, 
< 

4 

• 
OS 

a 

9 

• 

a 
a 

5 

• 

"3 
►a 

9 

OB 

a 

9 

• 

V 

a 

eu 

0) 
GQ 

10 

0) 

hi 

0) 

Xi 

o 

O 
18 

» 

0 

o 
7 

• 

.Q 

a 

o 

o 

3 
16 

• 

* 

o 
a 
M 

a 

0 

Total.... 

94 

0101 

50.    ■ 

Males.... 

61 

8 

1 

8 

2 

5 

8 

6 

7 

7 

7 

6 

11 

-- 

.Females . 

88 

1 

8 

1 

2 

4 

2 

8 

2 

8 

6 

1 

5 

-- 

Total.... 

78 

8 

2 

8 

8 

6 

2 

5 

7 

7 

9 

6 

6 

*  • 

61.    - 

Males 

44 

8 

m  oi  ok  * 

8 

4 

8 

2 

8 

2 

5 

7 

6 

-- 

Females . 

29 



2 

5 

4 

8 



2 

5 

2 

2 

■  oaot  • 

•  • 

("Total .... 

63.   -!  Males.... 

[Females. 

98 

8 

6 

10 

10 

5 

6 

8 

9 

9 

12 

6 

m  m 

57 

2 

6 

7 

7 

8 

2 

4 

6 

4 

8 

8 

•  • 

86 

1 

1 

8 

8 

2 

4 

4 

8 

5 

4 

8 

-- 

Total.... 

88 

5 

10 

9 

8 

6 

4 

4 

6 

18 

7 

5 

•  «• 

68.   - 

Males.... 

46 

8 

5 

6 

6 

4 

8 

2 

8 

6 

2 

2 

*01 

.Females. 

87 

2 

5 

8 

2 

2 

1 

2 

8 

7 

5 

8 

•  * 

Total.... 

108 

5 

6 

8 

14 

11 

6 

7 

9 

8 

12 

11 

«« 

54.   - 

Males 

66 

8 

8 

4 

10 

7 

8 

7 

5 

6 

8 

6 

•  • 

.Females. 

87 

2 

8 

4 

4 

4 

2 

*  OB  01  m 

4 

2 

4 

5 

8 

*0» 

(Total.... 

80 

4 

2 

7 

11 

9 

4 

4 

6 

6 

12 

7 

9 

■  ok 

i 
65.   <  Males 

46 

2 

.... 

2 

6 

8 

8 

8 

8 

4 

9 

6 

6 

•  Oft 

[Females . 

84 

2 

2 

5 

5 

6 

1 

1 

2 

2 

8 

1 

4 

Oi  OB 

Total.... 

79 

8 

4 

7 

8 

8 

4 

6 

8 

12 

7 

6 

6 

66.  - 

Males 

45 

5 

1 

5 

6 

.... 

8 

8 

8 

7 

5 

1 

6 

** 

.Females . 

84 

8 

8 

2 

2 

8 

1 

8 

5 

5 

2 

6 

•  O0010* 

«*• 

fTotal.... 

74 

4 

4 

8 

4 

4 

5 

6 

6 

7 

11 

10 

5 

01  0» 

67.  -(Males.... 

49 

2 

1 

4 

8 

1 

8 

5 

6 

6 

8 

7 

8 

•  • 

1  Females . 

25 

2 

8 

4 

1 

8 

2 

1 

oi  m  m  m 

1 

8 

8 

2 

Oi  V 

fTotal.... 

70 

5 

6 

2 

11 

6 

4 

8 

2 

6 

10 

6 

9 

Oi  • 

68.   - 

Males 

51 

5 

1 

1 

8 

8 

2 

2 

2 

4 

10 

6 

'7 

■  O) 

.Females . 

19 

•  ■■• 

6 

1 

8 

8 

2 

1 

oiob  ai  m 

2 

•  0*01  0» 



2 

O10* 

DEATHS — BY  AGE,  BY  SEX,  BY  MONTHS. 


191 


TABLE  VL— Continued.— Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


00 

M 

H 


m 
H 

< 


SEX. 


59. 


60. 


61. 


62. 


f  Total... 
Males... 
Females 

Total... 

Males... 

.Females 

fTotal ... 
Males... 
Females 

fTotal... 
Males... 
Females 


68.   ■ 


fTotal ... 
Males... 
Females 


64. 


fTotal... 

Males... 

.Females 


65.   • 


fTotal.... 
Males.... 
.Females . 


66.   «{ 


fTotal.... 

Males 

Females . 


6T. 


Total .... 

Males.... 

.Females, 


• 

©» 

00 

hi 
rt 

Months,  1872. 

• 

09 
o 
a 

as 

2 

• 

hi 

CO 

a 

hi 

7 

• 

hi 
St 

a 

2 

*C 
p. 

< 
7 

• 

a 

6 

• 

a> 

p 

S3 

10 

• 

13 

1-9 

2 

OB 

d 
bo 

0 

9 

hi 

OV 

a 

V 

<*» 

e> 

GO 

8 

• 

hi 
« 

O 
o 
O 

14 

• 

hi 

£> 

a 

> 
o 
ft 

8 

• 

hi 
« 
.a 

a 

g 
Q 

6 

71 

47 

2 

8 

1 

6 

6 

8 

2 

2 

2 

10 

2 

8 

24 



4 

1 

1 



2 



7 

1 

4 

1 

8 

108 

7 

11 

6 

6 

7 

8 

8 

18 

9 

10 

8 

18 

64 

5 

8 

6 

8 

8 

6 

2 

9 

4 

4 

4 

10 

89 

2 

8 



5 

4 

2 

1 

4 

5 

6 

4 

8 

62 

«  M  W  • 

8 

4 

6 

9 

4 

•  •■  •  * 

8 

8 

5 

7 

8 

86 

•  ••  • 

8 

8 

2 

5 

.... 

•  m  *  * 

2 

S 

4 

5 

4 

26 



5 

1 

4 

4 

4 

•  «ww 

1 

.... 

1 

2 

4 

9S 

•  ••  • 

6 

12 

9 

6 

6 

• 

7 

10 

14 

6 

9 

18 

68 

a  «  s  • 

4 

9 

6 

2 

5 

4 

6 

9 

5 

4 

9 

85 

m  ••  * 

2 

8 

8 

4 

1 

8 

4 

5 

1 

5 

4 

100 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

6 

6 

12 

5 

11 

15 

,9 

58 

2 

4 

6 

6 

7 

2 

8 

6 

2 

6 

11 

8 

42 

4 

2 

1 

2 

2 

4 

8 

6 

8 

5 

4 

6 

71 

8 

8 

9 

4 

8 

4 

5 

5 

8 

8 

10 

4 

51 

8 

8 

6 

2 

5 

8 

5 

2 

7 

5 

7 

8 

20 

•  •  m  m 



8 

2 

8 

1 



8 

1 

8 

8 

1 

109 

2 

6 

9 

19 

12 

5 

2 

7 

7 

16 

16 

8 

61 

1 

4 

4 

10 

8 

4 

2 

5 

8 

9 

7 

4 

46 

1 

2 

5 

9 

4 

1 

*  m  m  m 

2 

4 

7 

9 

4 

82 

8 

4 

4 

6 

8 

4 

7 

10 

10 

11 

10 

10 

51 

8 

8 

2 

4 

8 

2 

5 

■ 

6 

5 

6 

6 

6 

81 



1 

2 

2 



2 

2 

4 

5 

5 

4 

4 

74 

5 

2 

8 

7 

9 

4 

6 

5 

7 

9 

9 

8 

41 

4 

2 

.... 

4 

8 

8 

2 

2 

4 

3 

6 

8 

88 

1 

•  M  •  • 

3 

8 

1 

1 

4 

8 

8 

6 

8 

5 

s 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


TABLE  VI.- 

-CONTINUED.— 

Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 

i 

Mouths,  1S"I. 

SEX. 

< 

i 

t? 

| 

I 

i 

< 

§ 

1 

£ 
i 
1 

1 

* 

i 

(Total.... 

BT 

~ 

~8 

B 

~ 

8 

7 

~, 

~o 

is 

89.   -j  Moles.... 

M 

4 

1 

4 

4 

8 

4 

t 

8 

8 

(Females. 

SO 

6 

* 

> 

] 

• 

8 

" 

S 

f  Total.... 

SI 

S 

e 

T 

4 

s 

12 

0 

10 

8 

48.    \  Males.... 

43 

S 

4 

1 

8 

s 

8 

* 

4 

[  Females. 

El 

8 

2 

B 

1 

* 

8 

1 

8 
1 

10.  \  Males.... 

El 

1 

1 

8 

1 

0 

1 

6 

s 

4 

1  Femal  es  . 

83 

S 

S 

2 

1 

1 

5 

I 

8 

(Total.... 

VI 

s 

6 

8 

3 

6 

11 

I 

8 

8 

n.   J  Males.... 

a 

1 

S 

4 

2 

8 

8 

8 

8 

(Females. 

*s 

' 

I 

* 

1 

» 

8 

» 

8 

S 

r  Total .... 

IIS 

e 

B 

10 

9 

10 

19 

11 

10 

8 

14 

12.  J  Males.... 

» 

8 

S 

8 

B 

ID 

6 

« 

5 

t 

1  Females. 

S3 

• 

1 

1 

• 

8 

8 

* 

4 

T 

(Total.... 

K 

4 

t 

10 

t 

IB 

It 

4 

0 

12 

T8.   J.  Males.... 
\  Femalea . 

6S 

t 

s 

4 

4 

11 

8 

4 

4 

8 

8G 

t 

s 

f 

8 

6 

* 

4 

(Total.... 

ft 

B 

4 

8 

I 

11 

8 

4 

8 

U,  J  Males.... 

85 

1 

1 

6 

B 

t 

B 

1.  Females . 

n 

S 

B 

! 

1 

1 

1 

« 

(Total.... 

65 

B 

4 

4 

B 

8 

11 

4 

8 

8 

IS.   i  Males.... 

SI 

4 

1 

1 

8 

a 

S 

4 

1  Females . 

81 

1 

8 

1 

t 

* 

» 

' 

* 

« 

(Total.... 

« 

8 

e 

5 

4 

T 

4 

4 

S 

0 

It.  ]  Males.... 

10 

i 

4 

4 

8 

t 

8 

1 

1 

3 

''—"■- 

« 

' 

1 

I 

i 

S 

8 

1 

1 

DEATHS— BY  AGE,  BY  SEX,  BY  MONTHS.  193 

TABLE  VI. — Continued. — Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


i 

i 

BEX. 

3 

Months,  1672. 

r? 

| 

1 

X 

t 

1 

| 

£ 

i 

1 

3 

| 
1 

jj 

1 
I 

a 

i 
| 

n. 

Mo  lea.... 

2: 

. 

o 

5 

1 

2 
2 

8 

s 

B 

l 

.  Females . 

18 

1 

£ 

2 

1 

* 

1 

i 

Total.... 

11 

2 

e 

6 

0 

3 

I 

B 

4 

s 

is. 

Males.... 
,  Females  - 

28 

a 

e 

2 
3 

1 

t 

3 

8 

6 

1 

8 
2 

6 

!». 

Males.... 
.Females. 

2a 

23 
60 

2 

8 

3 

2 

.... 

s 

8 

1 

6 

2 
1 

1 
2 

2 

B 

9 

• 
8 

9 
6 

SO. 

Males.... 

29 

2 

% 

1 

£ 

A 

8 

1 

4 

.Females. 

1 

2 

t 

1 

1 

s 

8 

:  Males.... 
[Females . 

11 
11 

1 

2 

8 

2 

8 
B 

i 

8 

.... 

: 

82. 

Miles.— 
[Females. 

f  Total 

« 

s 
1 

8 

1 

1 

s 

1 

8 

1 

9 

S 
1 

a. 

Males.... 
[Females . 

f  Total.... 

" 

l 

1 
1 

1 

B 

8 
2 

8 

8 

• 

' 

Si. 

J  Males.... 

83 

] 

1 

I 

1 

> 

1 

[Female*. 

11 

1 

1 

» 

8 

8 

[  Total.. . . 

19 

l 

S 

1 

1 

8 

3 

8 

I 

1 

S5. 

1  Males.... 

11 

1 

1 
1 

1 

\ 

._. 

1 

' 

8 

8 

8 

1 

194 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VI.— Coottnued. — Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex>  by  Months. 


• 

« 

SEX. 

• 

*-* 
U 
t 

Months,  1872. 

PS 

H 

M 
CO 

W 
O 

• 
at 

a 

at 

2 

• 

E 

.a 
2 

• 

a 

as 

s 

8 

• 

a 
< 

• 

>* 

as 

s 
i 

• 

a 

a 

2 

« 

"5 
2 

. 
cfa 

a 

a 
< 

1 

o 

.o 

S 
o 

© 

1 

c 

o 
o 
O 

2 

■ 

o 
& 
a 
S 

> 
o 

55 
8 

• 
pU 

a> 
0 

8 

Q 

4 

• 

g 

o 
c 
M 

a 

Total.... 

24 

w  w 

86.   - 

Males 

14 

1 

2 

2 

www* 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

w  • 

.Females . 

10 

1 



1 

i 

w  •  •  w 

1 



w  w  v  • 

1 

2 

2 

-- 

Total.... 

29 

1 

.... 

8 

i 

8 

. . . . 

2 

2 

5 

5 

6 

_. 

8T.  - 

Males 

IS 

w  w  w  w 

.... 

i 
2 

m  w  w  w 

•  www 

2 

.... 

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

.  . 

.Females. 

11 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

8 

2 

-- 

Total.... 

18 

wwww 

2 

8 

1 

8 

w  W  W  W 

.... 

I 

8 

WW) 

88.   - 

Males 

.  Females . 

Total.... 

11 
2 

20 

w  •  w  • 

2 
2 

2 

1 

1 
1 

2 
1 

2 

•  WW* 



1 

S 

w  w 

1 

2 

4 

1 

1 

2 

4 

w  W 

89.    - 

Males 

12 

w  w  w  w 

2 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

8 

.... 

1 

2 

1 

•  • 

Females . 

8 

1 

1 

•  www 

1 

1 

1 





8 

w  • 

("Total .... 

9 
5 

2 

W  W  »    w 

1 

2 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

2 
2 

90.   - 

Males.. .. 

mm 

.Females. 
Total.... 

4 

8 

2 

WWW* 

•>   •  •  • 

1 
1 

1 
1 

•  www 

2 

1 

1 

1 

t 

91.   - 

Males 

.Females. 

4 

4 

www  w 
w  w  w  w 

1 
1 

1 

w  w  w  w 

1 

1 

1 

1 

•  •ww 



1 

["Total .... 

8 
4 
4 

1 
1 

1 

1 

I 

1 
1 

■  www 

8 
2 

1 

92.  i  Males 

I  Females. 

1 

1 

1 

r  Total 

4 
2 
2 

5 
8 
2 

w  w  w  w 

w  V  w  w 

1 
1 

• 

1 

2 
1 

1 

1 
1 

w  •  w  w 
W  WW  w 

1 
1 

98.   -|  Males 

(.Females . 

1 
1 

w  *  •  » 
w  w  w  w 

("Total.-.. 

w  w  w  w 

1 
1 

1 

94.   • 

Males 

Females . 

1 

1 

' 

DEATHS— BY  AGE,  BY  SEX,  BY  MONTHS. 


195 


TABLE  VI.— Continued.— Deaths  by  Ages,  by  Sex,  by  Months. 


• 
00 

Months,  1S72. 

(H 

<4 

M 

h 

SEX. 

• 

• 

u 

• 

o 

m 

a. 

m 

CO 

hi 

C3 

D 

a 

a 

3 

« 

"2 

• 

• 

>> 

• 

a 

P 

• 

«— 
v. 

to 

B 

.o 
o 

42 

a 

8 

Of 

o 

o 
p 

44 

© 

S> 

ed 

V 

09 

P. 

Oj 

0 

0 

a 

a> 

o 

O 

V 

a 

< 

|H 

£ 

fe 

35 
1 

•« 

S 

►* 

<1 

CD 

O 

fc 

Q 

P 

95. 

Females . 
Females . 

Males 

Females . 
Females . 

Total .... 
Males 

fc  Females . 

Males 

Total 

] 
1 

2 
8 
1 

8 
1 
2 

1 

815 

96. 

1 
1 
1 

97. 

1 

98. 

1 

1 

.... 

99. 

1 

1 



1 
1 

14 



— 

1 
1 

100.   - 

1 



101. 

12 

24 

1 
86 

22 

17 

22 

28 

82 

81 

29 

46 

7 

Males 

176 

8 

8 

18 

28 

11 

6 

12 

12 

12 

15 

19 

27 

TJnk.  - 

Females . 

135 

6 

4 

6 

8 

11 

11 

8 

11 

20 

15 

10 

19 

« 

.Unknown 

4 

2 





1 

•  «  •  • 

•  •  •■  m 

1 

196 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


TABLE  VII. — A  Life  Table  for  Males  and  for  Females,  Con- 
structed upon  the  basis  of  the  Death-rate  in  Michigan  during 
the  Year  1870,  as  Computed  after  Equalizing  the  Male  and 
Female  Population  Represented  by  Deaths,  and  Correcting 
the  Deaths  for  Omissions  because  of  time  before  Enumera- 
tion; Calculated  upon  the  Assumed  Number  of  141,781 
Males  and  Females  born  ;  Shoioing  for  Males  for  each  Age 
from  birth  to  112,  and  for  Females  for  each  Age  from  birth 
to  110,  the  Average  Years  of  Life  after  each  age, — the 
"  Expectation  of  Life,"  so-called, — and  the  True  Expectation 
of  Life  at  all  ages,  according  to  the  views  of  the  Compiler.  • 


Death-rate. 

Number  of 

Death* to  100 

Living,  b 

Or  141,731  Born: 

Average 

years  of  Life 

after  each 

age.* 

True  ' 

Expeo 

• 

« 

< 

e 

CO 

14 
O 

< 

Number  Living 

at  beginning  of  each 

year  of  age. 

Nnmber  Dying 
at  each  age. 

tation  oi 

Life  at  each 

age  in  years 

and  loOths.* 

8 
"3 
3 

• 

*3 

a 

at 
fa 

• 

*3 

• 

to 
*3 

a 
« 

fa 

• 

• 
"3 

• 

at 

s 

« 

fa 

8 
"3 

• 

* 
o 

"3 

a 

fa 

• 

«o 
-3 

• 
OB 
Q> 

*3 

a 

fa 

-1.... 

16.91 

18.50 

141,731 

141,781 

.28,967 

19,184 

48.79 

44.21 

58.05 

49.53 

1.... 

5.62 

4.78 

117,764 

122,597 

6,618 

5,860 

51.61 

50.07 

60.43 

58.14 

2.... 

2.93 

2.54 

111,146 

116,787 

8,812 

2,965 

53.65 

51.56 

61.23 

59.98 

8.... 

2.27 

1.88 

107,834 

118,772 

2,418 

2,189 

54.2S 

51.89 

61.24 

59.91 

4.... 

1.40 

1.85 

105,836 

111,633 

1,475 

1,507 

5158 

51.87 

60.91 

59.58 

5  ... 

1.17 

1.13 

108,911 

llu,126 

1,216 

1,299 

54.80 

51.53 

60.24 

59.08 

6-.. 

.85 

1.07 

102,695 

108,827 

878 

1,164 

58.91 

51.19 

59.48 

58.80 

7..-- 

.59 

.74 

101,822 

107,668 

601 

797 

58.89 

50.73 

58.66 

57.56 

8.... 

.67 

.66 

101,221 

106,866 

678 

705 

52.71 

50.11 

57.78 

56.78 

9.... 

.51 

.66 

100,518 

106,161 

548 

701 

52  06 

49.44 

56.92 

55  88 

10..- 

.56 

.45 

100,000 

105,460 

560 

475 

51.81 

48.76 

56.04 

65.81 

11.— 

.40 

.48 

99,440 

104,935 

898 

504 

50.68 

47.98 

50.18 

54.17 

12..- 

.52 

.58 

99,042 

104,431 

515 

554 

49.88 

47.21 

51.29 

58.81 

18..- 

.40 

.68 

98,527 

108,927 

894 

655 

49.09 

46.46 

58.42 

52.46 

•  For  methods  employed  in  the  construction  of  this  table,  see  remarks  following. 

b  Population  equalizrd,  because  in  the  census  the  age  is  stated  approximately,  and 
more  than  the  trae  numbers  appear  at  important  ages,  such  as  20,  80,  40,  50,  etc. 
Deaths  increased  because  of  evidence  that  only  about  54  per  cent,  of  the  deaths  were 
returned.  Per  cent,  of  deaths  during  the  year  1870  to  population  June  1, 1870,  or  about 
the  middle  of  the  year  in  which  the  deaths  occurred. 

«  So-called  "Expectation  of  Life.11 

*  For  method  ol  obtaining  thit  column  see  remarks  following.  It  Is  the  Probable 
Duration  ot  Life.  The  term  ••  Equation  of  Life"  has  been  used  by  Nelson,  but  is 
objectionable  here  because  it  needs  to  be  defined  in  order  to  convey  the  complete  idea. 


DEATHS — LIFE  TABLE,  MALES   AND   FEMALES. 


197 


TABLE  VII. — Continued.— Life  Table,  Males  and  Females. 


Death-rate. 

Namber  of 

Deaths  tu  100 

Living.  • 

Of  141,731  Born: 

• 

00 

< 

w 

Nnmber  Living 

at  beginning  of  each 

year  of  age. 

Number  Dying 
at  each  age. 

OD 

H 
O 

• 
"3 

w 
"3 

a 

« 

• 

"3 

00 

73 

a 

• 

•a 
o 

Oi 

•3 
S 

14.... 

.41 

.56 

93,183 

103,272 

402 

578 

15.... 

.89 

.68 

97,781 

102,694 

881 

904 

16  ... 

.42 

.75 

97,850 

101,790 

409 

768 

17.... 

.57 

.94 

96,941 

101,027 

558 

950 

18.... 

.47 

.87 

96,8SS 

100,077 

458 

871 

19.... 

.83 

1.17 

95,985 

99,206 

844 

1,161 

20.... 

.69 

.88 

95,091 

98,045 

656 

863 

21.... 

1.05 

.84 

94,485 

97,182 

992 

816 

22.... 

.78 

1.27 

98,443 

96.866 

632 

1,224 

23.... 

.78 

.81 

92,761 

95,142 

724 

771 

24.... 

.C6 

1.12 

92,087 

94,871 

607 

1,057 

25.... 

.61 

.93 

91,480 

98,814 

558 

86S 

26.... 

.69 

1.08 

90,872 

92,446 

627 

998 

27.... 

.64 

1.11 

90,245 

91,448 

578 

1,015 

28.... 

.61 

1.25 

89,667 

90,488 

601 

1,180 

29.... 

.68 

.59 

89,066 

89,803 

561 

795 

80.... 

.59 

1.14 

83,505 

88,508 

522 

1,009 

81.... 

.68 

.94 

87,988 

S7,499 

554 

822 

82.... 

.89 

1.S8 

87,429 

86,677 

778 

1,586 

88.... 

.71 

.84 

66,651 

85,091 

615 

715 

84.... 

.62 

1.16 

86,086 

84,376 

588 

979 

5.... 

.82 

1.5S 

85,508 

83,897 

701 

1,818 

86.... 

.61 

.91 

84,802 

82,079 

517 

747 

87.... 

.68 

1.14 

84,285 

81,382 

581 

927 

8S.... 

1.00 

1.86 

88,754 

80,405 

888 

1,094 

Average 

yean?  of  Life 

after  each 

age.1' 

True  Expec- 
tation of 
Lite  at  each 
age  in  years 
and  luuihs.c 

• 

"3 

• 
00 
0) 

*3 

a 

■ 
CO 

"3 

• 
Ob 

*3 

a 

fa 

48.23 

45.75 

52  52 

51.65 

47  48 

45.01 

51.63 

50.81 

46.66 

44.40     50.73 

1 

50.06 

45  66 

48  73     49.83 

49.29 

45.12 

48.14 

43.98 

48.58 

44.83 

42.52 

48.10 

47.84 

48.72 

42.02     47.82 

47.16 

48.02 

41.88    46.49 

j 

46.83 

42.47 

40.78     45.75 

45.58 

41.73 

40.25     44.93 

44.89 

41.10 

89.57    44.20 

44.08 

40.37 

89.02     48.46 

48.32 

89  62 

88  88     42.70 

42.C2 

88.89 

87.79    41.97 

41.75 

83.14 

87.21;    41.14 

40.93 

87.89 

86.67     40.80 

1 

40.29 

86  62 

36.00    89.45 

89.51 

85.84 

85  41     8S  59 

33.78 

85.06 

84.74 '   87.78 

88.00 

84.87 

84.88    86.94 

87.84 

88  61 

88  66 

86.07 

86.50 

82  82 

88.05 

85  15 

85.70 

82.09 

82.58 

84  27 

84.99 

81.28 

81.87 

88.86 

84.16 

80.48 

81.28 

82.45 

88.8S 

ft  Population  equalized,  because  in  the  census  the  age  is  stated  approximately,  and 
more  than  the  true  numbers  appear  at  important  Hgep,  men  as  20.  3o,  4",  ftt»,  etc. 
Deaths  increased,  because  of  evidence  that  only  u  bom  54  per  cent  of  The  deuths  were 
returned.  Per  cent,  of  death*  during  the  year  1S7A  to  population  June  1, 1870,  or  about 
the  middle  of  the  year  in  which  the  deaths  occurred. 

b So-called  "Expectation  of  Lire." 

c  For  method  of  obtaining  this  column  see  remarks  following.  It  is  the  Probable 
Duration  of  Life.  The  term  "Equation  of  Lift'11  has  been  u*cd  by  Nelson,  but  is 
objectionable  here  because  it  needs  to  be  defined  in  order  to  convey  the  complete  idea. 


198 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 


TABLE  VII.- 

-Continued.— 

-Life 

Table, 

Males  and  Females. 

Death-rate. 

Nnmber  of 

DfatbxtolOO 

Living.  * 

Of  141,731  Born  : 

Average 

years  of  Life 

after  each 

Age.  b 

True  Ex  pec- 

.A.      X.  9  —                 M 

• 

00 

< 
H 

B 
00 

H 

Nnmber  Living 

at  beginning  of  each 

year  of  age. 

Number  Dying 
at  each  age. 

tmon  of 
Lite  at  each 
age  in  years 
and  lOuths.  e 

• 
OB 
V 

a 

• 
BO 

a 

• 
00 

• 
OD 

a 

a 

• 
OD 
O 

"5 

• 

91 

o 

a 

4) 

• 
00 
V 

OS 

• 
00 
Oy 

"3 

a 

o 

En 

• 
00 
V 

"5 

55 

• 
Ob 
9> 

03 

a 

89.... 

.68 

1.05 

82,916 

79,811 

522 

888 

29.78 

80.66 

81.59 

82.64 

40.... 

.92 

.82 

82,894 

78,478 

758 

644 

28.96 

29.98 

80.67 

81.83 

41.... 

.64 

.81 

81,636 

77,834 

522 

630 

28.23 

29.22 

29.80 

30.99 

42.... 

.98 

1.87 

81,114 

77,204 

754 

1,05S 

27.41 

2S.46 

28  89 

80.12 

48.... 

1.0S 

1.14 

S0,360 

76,146 

868 

86S 

26.66 

27.84 

28.01 

29.85 

44.... 

1.15 

1.04 

79,492 

75,278 

914 

783 

25  95 

27.16 

27.18 

28.58 

45.... 

1.10 

1.12 

78,57S 

74,495 

864 

834 

25.24 

26.44 

26.86 

27.70 

46.... 

1.10 

.68 

77,714 

73,661 

S55 

464 

24.52 

25.78 

25.58 

26.88 

47.... 

.85 

1.15 

76,859 

78,197 

658 

842 

28.78 

24.89 

24.70 

25.98 

48.... 

1.08 

1.47 

76,206 

72,855 

785 

1,064 

22.98 

24.18 

23.82 

25.15 

49.... 

1.26 

1.15 

75,421 

71,291 

950 

820 

22.22 

23  58 

22.98 

24.86 

50.... 

1.75 

1.66 

74,471 

70,471 

1,308 

1,170 

21.50 

22.80 

22.18 

28.58 

51.... 

1.24 

.91 

78,168 

69,301 

907 

681 

20.87 

22.17 

21.88 

22.76 

52.... 

1.85 

1.45 

72,261 

68,670 

1,887 

996 

20.12 

21.87 

20.47 

21.89 

58.... 

158 

1.4S 

70,924 

67,674 

1,055 

1,002 

19.49 

20.68 

19.68 

21.08 

54.... 

1.78 

1.82 

69,889 

66,672 

1,243 

SSO 

18.79 

19.98 

18  65 

20.26 

65.... 

2.21 

1.72 

68,596 

65,792 

1,516 

1,182 

1812 

19.24 

18.06 

19.42 

66.... 

1.95 

2.05 

67,080 

64,660 

1,808 

1,826 

17.52 

18.57 

17.87 

18.62 

67.... 

2.92 

1.80 

65,772 

68,834 

1,921 

1,140 

16.86 

17.95 

16.64 

17.85 

58.... 

2.50 

1.28 

63.S51 

62,194 

1,596 

765 

16.85 

17.27 

16.04 

17.07 

50.... 

1.92 

1.50 

62,255 

61,429 

1,195 

921 

15  76 

16.48 

15.89 

16.22 

60.... 

2.42 

2.01 

61,060 

60,50S 

1,478 

1,216 

15.06 

15.72 

14.65 

15.41 

61.... 

2.48 

1.67 

59,5S2 

59,292 

1,448 

990 

14.42 

15.04 

13.97 

14.67 

62.... 

8.79 

2.66 

5S,184 

58,302 

2,208 

1,551 

18.76 

14.28 

18.28 

18.87 

68.... 

2.88 

2.84 

55,931 

56,751 

1,583 

1,612 

18.29 

13.66 

12.74 

18.15 

•  Population  equalized,  because  in  the  census  the  age  is  stated  approximately,  and 
more  than  the  true  numbers  appear  at  important  ages,  such  as  20,  8ft,  40,  50,  etc. 
Deaths  increased  because  of  evidence  that  only  about  54  per  cent,  of  the  deaths  were 
returned.  Per  cent  of  deaths  during  the  year  1870  to  population  June  1, 1870,  or  about 
the  middle  of  the  year  in  which  the  deaths  occurred. 

b  So-called  "  Expectation  of  Life." 

c  For  method  of  obtaining  this  column  sec  remarks  following.  It  is  the  Probable 
Duration  of  Life.  The  term  "Equation  of  Life"  has  been  used  by  Neison,  but  is 
objectionable  here  because  it  needs  to  be  defined  in  order  to  convey  thecomplete  idea. 


DEATHS— LIFE  TABLE,  MALES  AND  FEMALES. 


199 


TABLE  VII.— Continued. — Life  Table,  Males  and  Females. 


Death-rate. 

Op  141,731 

Born: 

Average 

years  of  Life 

after  each 

age.  b 

Trne  1 

tatio 

Life  ai 

age  in 

and  10 

Expec- 

m 

to 

W 

•4 
H 

ts 

« 

w 

< 

Number  of 

Deaths  to  100 

Living. » 

Number  Living 

at  beginning  of  each 

year  of  age. 

Number  Dying 
at  each  age. 

n  of 
teach 
years 

Othg.o 

• 
HI 

• 
S3 

0 

• 

cv 

3 

• 

S 

• 
00 

o 

03 

3 

• 

Ml 
U 

a 

o 
fc 

• 
OB 
V 

53 

Oti 

V 

S 
« 

fa 

• 

tit 

• 

n 
o 

C3 

a 

» 

64.-. 

8.83 

4  25 

51,84S 

55,139 

1,810 

2,843 

12.66 

13.04 

12.07 

12.42 

65.... 

4.70 

8.40 

52,588 

52,796 

2,4C9 

1,795 

12.08 

12.60 

11.89 

11.80 

66.... 

8  S3 

8.27 

50,«i69 

51,001 

1,918 

1,668 

11.65 

12.C8 

10.84 

11.12 

67.... 

8.96 

4.01 

48,151 

49,388 

1,907 

1,978 

11.09 

11.42 

10.18 

10.46 

68.... 

2.49 

4.59 

46,244 

47,855 

1,151 

2,174 

10.58 

10.87 

9.51 

9.86 

69.... 

4.17 

4.06 

45,093 

45,1S1 

1,S80 

1,834 

9.79 

10.87 

8.71 

9.26 

70.... 

6.98 

5.40 

43,213 

43,847 

2,995 

2,841 

9.19 

9.79 

8.04 

8.59 

71.... 

6.88 

5.17 

40,218 

41,006 

2,566 

2,120 

8.81 

9.82 

7.70 

8.00 

72.... 

8.53 

6.08 

87,652 

83,886 

8,212 

2,345 

8.41 

8.80 

7.25 

7.44 

73.... 

7.01 

6.79 

84,440 

86,541 

2,414 

2,481 

8.15 

8.88 

6.92 

6.92 

74.... 

7.18 

8.28 

82,026 

84,060 

2,299 

2,808 

7.72 

7.90 

6.4S 

6.47 

75.... 

7.97 

7.73 

29,727 

81,257 

2,869 

2,422 

7.28 

7.57 

6.02 

6.11 

76.... 

10.10 

10.51 

27,858 

28,835 

2,768 

8,081 

6.87 

7.16 

5.68 

5.71 

77.... 

11.74 

9.60 

24,595 

25,804 

2,983 

2,477 

6.58 

6  94 

5.86 

5.51 

73.... 

10.58 

12.07 

21,707 

23,327 

2,2S6 

2,816 

6.40 

6.63 

5.16 

5.20 

79.... 

12.26 

11.88 

19,421 

20,511 

2,381 

2,426 

6.09 

6.47 

4.87 

5.06 

80.... 

12.60 

12.81 

17,040 

1S,085 

2,147 

2,228 

5.87 

6.27 

4.66 

4.89 

81.... 

12.94 

12.79 

14,898 

15,859 

1,927 

2.02S 

5.65 

6  0S 

4  44 

4.72 

82.... 

14.23 

18.27 

12,966 

18,831 

1,852 

1,S85 

5.41 

5.S9 

4.23 

4.57 

88.... 

14.52 

18.75 

11,114 

11,996 

1,614 

1,649 

5  28 

5.72 

4.09 

4.42 

84.... 

15.70 

14.23 

9,500 

10,847 

1,492 

1,472 

5.04 

5.55 

8.93 

4.26 

&3.... 

15.91 

14.71 

8,008 

8,875 

1,274 

1,806 

4.S8 

5.89 

3.80 

4.18 

86.... 

16.12 

15.19 

6,734 

7,569 

1,0S6 

1,150 

4.71 

5.24 

8.64 

4.00 

87.— 

17.10 

15.67 

5,648 

6,419 

966 

1,006 

4.52 

5.09 

8.46 

8.S9 

88.... 

18.03 

16.15 

4,6S2 

5,418 

847 

874 

4.85 

4.94 

3.80 

8.77 

*  Population  equalized,  because  in  the  census  the  age  is  stated  approximately,  and 
more  than  the  true  numbers  appear  at  important  ages,  such  as  20,  80,  40,  50,  etc. 
Deaths  increased,  because  of  evidence  that  only  about  54  per  cent,  of  the  deaths  were 
returned.  Per  cent,  of  deaths  during  the  year  1870  to  population  June  1 ,  1870,  or  about 
the  middle  of  the  year  in  which  the  deaths  occurred. 

b  So  called  u  Expectation  of  Life." 

«  For  method  of  obtaining  this  column  see  remarks  following.  It  in  the  Probable 
Duration  of  Life.  The  term  "Equation  of  Life"  has  been  used  by  Nelson,  but  is 
objectionable  here  because  it  neets  to  be  defined  In  order  to  convey  the  complete  idea. 


200 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  VII.— Continued. — Life  Table,  Males  and  Females. 


Death-rate 

Number  of 

Deaths  loluO 

Living.  *■ 

Op  141,731 

.  Born: 

Average 

True  Expec- 
tation of 

• 

CO 

n 

< 

H 

N 

M 

co 

H 
O 

< 

Number  Living 

at  beginning  of  each 

year  of  age. 

Namber  Dying 
at  each  age. 

years  of  Life 

after  each 

age.  b 

Life  at  each 

age  in  years 

and  lOOthe.o 

• 

• 
OB 

S 

CJ 

J2 
"5 

3 

m 

o 

cd 

a 

• 
CO 

o 

• 
CO 

a 

o 

8 

■  a 

• 

1 

Cm 

• 

OB 
Q 

• 

to 

a 

o 

89... 

19.06 

16.63 

8,835 

4,539 

781 

755 

4.21 

4.79> 

8.16 

8.65 

90... 

19.71 

17.16 

8,104 

3,7S4 

612 

649 

4.08 

4.65 

8.05 

8.54 

91... 

20.35 

17.75 

2,492 

3,185 

507 

556 

8.96 

4.51 

2.95 

8.42 

92... 

21.00 

13.84 

1,9S5 

2,579 

417 

473 

8.85 

4.87 

2.86 

8.81 

93... 

21.65 

18  93 

1,56S 

2,106 

889 

899 

8.74 

4.24 

2.78 

8.20 

94... 

22.30 

19  52 

1,229 

1,707 

274 

833 

8.63 

4.12 

2.70 

8.09 

95... 

22.95 

20.11 

955 

1,374 

219 

276 

8.53 

899 

2.68 

2.99 

96... 

23.50 

20.70 

736 

1,098 

174 

227 

4.48 

8.87 

2.55 

2.91 

97... 

21.24 

21.29 

562 

871 

136 

185 

8.34 

8.75 

2.4S 

2.84 

98... 

24.S9 

21.SS 

426 

6S6 

106 

150 

8.25 

8.68 

2.40 

2.76 

99... 

25  54 

22.47 

820 

536 

82 

120 

8.17 

8.50 

2.84 

2.6S 

100... 

26.19 

28.06 

238 

416 

62 

96 

8.09 

8.87 

2.29 

2.61 

101... 

26.88 

28.65 

376 

320 

47 

76 

8.00 

8.23 

2.28 

2.54 

102... 

27.4S 

24.24 

129 

244 

85 

59 

2.91 

8.08 

2.20 

2.49 

108... 

28.18 

24.  S3 

94 

1S5 

26 

46 

2.81 

2.90 

2  07 

2.48 

104... 

28.79 

25.42 

68 

!89 

20 

85 

2.70 

2.69 

2.00 

2.83 

105... 

29  48 

26.01 

43 

104 

14 

27 

2.62 

2.48 

2.00 

2.38 

106... 

80.07 

26.60 

34 

77 

10 

20 

2.50 

2.11 

2.00 

2.16 

107... 

80.72 

27.19 

24 

57 

7 

15 

2.83 

1.67 

2.00 

1.61 

108... 

81.87 

51.46 

17 

42 

5 

22 

2.08 

1.09 

2.00 

.95 

109... 

82.02 

75.78 

12 

20 

4 

15 

1.75 

.75 

1.67 

.67 

110... 

82.67 

100.00 

8 

5 

8 

5 

1.87 

.60 

1.88 

.66 

111... 

66.83 
100.00 

5 
2 

8 
2 

.90 
.60 

••*••* 

1.00 
.60 

112... 

..-••• 

All 
Aces. 

1.78 

1.74 

6,2TS,601 

6,841,548 

141,731 

141,781 

•  Population  equalized,  because  in  the  census  the  age  is  stated  approximately!  a°d 
more  than  the  rrne  numbers  appear  at  important  age*,  such  as  20,  80,  40,  W,  etc. 
Deaths  increased,  because  of  evidence  that  only  about  54  per  cent,  of  the  deaths  were 
returned.  Per  c--nt  of  death?  during  the  year  1870  to  population  June  1, 1870,  or  aDout 
the  middle  of  the  year  in  which  the  deaths  occurred. 

»>  so-called  ••  Expectation  of  Life."  .... 

«For  method  of  obtaining  this  column  see  remarks  following.  It  is  the  Prv*  J«. 
Duration  of  Life.  The  term  "Equation  of  Life"  has  been  used  by  Nelson,  duj» 
objectionable  here  because  it  needs  to  be  defined  In  order  to  convey  the  complete  me** 


DEATHS— LIFE  TABLE,  MALES  AND  FEMALES.  201 

This  Life  Table  for  Males  and  Females  in  Michigan  is 
a  combination  of  the  "Life  Table  for  Males"  published  in 
the  introduction  to  "  Statistics  of  Michigan,  1870/'  and  the 
"Life  Table  for  Females"  published  in  the  Vital  Statistics  of 
Michigan,  1871,  leaving  out  certain  columns  containing  the 
population  and  the  number  of  deaths.  It  is  published  here  in 
order  to  allow  of  direct  comparisons  of  the  two  sexes,  and 
because  the  "Life  Table  for  Males "  based  upon  the  probable 
deaths  has  not  heretofore  been  published  in  any  Eegistration 
Report,  the  table  in  the  Vital  Statistics  of  Michigan,  1870, 
having  been  based  upon  the  returns  without  correction  for 
omissions  in  enumeration.  The  methods  of  computing  these 
two  tables  were  explained  in  the  remarks  following  each,  and 
any  reader  who  desires  further  details  than  are  here  given  may 
find  them  in  the  last  Report,  as  they  were  not  very  different 
for  the  two  sexes.  The  general  principles  of  construction  of 
that  part  of  the  table  which  exhibits  the  "True  Expectation 
of  Life,"  etc.,  may  be  stated  as  follows:  The  "Average  Years 
of  Life  after  each  age "  was  found  by  dividing  the  aggregate 
time  lived  by  all  after  a  given  age  by  the  number  living  at  that 
age.  The  "True  Expectation  of  Life"  was  obtained  by  the 
following  method :  Ascertain  the  age  at  which  one-half  the 
number  living  at  the  given  age  will  have  died,  and  subtract  the 
given  age. 

In  the  second  and  third  columns  of  this  Life  Table  are  exhib- 
ited, for  each  of  the  two  sexes,  the  chances  of  death  in  Mich- 
igan at  each  year  of  age,  from  birth  to  the  most  extreme  limit, 
so  far  as  appears  by  the  evidence  upon  which  the  table  is  based. 
The  figures  in  these  columns  show  for  each  sex  the  number 
that  die  out  of  one  hundred  living  at  each  age,  according  to 
the  combined  evidence  obtained  from  the  census  and  registra- 
tion returns.  Although  the  numbers  are  large  in  infancy  and 
in  old  age,  it  will  be  seen  from  the  last  line  in  the  table  that 
the  total  death-rate  at  all  ages  is  not  large,  compared  with 
localities  for  which  the  deaths  are  all  enumerated.  The  death- 
26 


202  SIXTH    REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

rate  is  usually  stated  by  number  to  each  thousand  living.  By 
moving  the  decimal  point  one  place  to  the  right,  we  find  it 
here  shown  to  be  17.3  for  the  males,  and  17.4  for  the  females 
in  Michigan. 

The  columns  headed  "Average  years  of  life  after  each  age," 
exhibit  for  each  sex  what  the  heading  implies.  Unfortunately 
this  has  been  generally  termed  the  "Expectation  of  Life," 
leading  people  to  understand  that  it  is  the  probable  duration 
of  life,  which  it  is  not.  It  may  be  properly  termed  the  "Av- 
erage After  Lifetime,"  or  the  "Average  Future  Duration  of 
Life,"  but  the  idea  of  probabilities  which  the  term  expectation 
implies  should  be  entirely  divorced  from  it,  for  at  many  ages 
the  probabilities  of  life  are  quite  different  from  the  average 
future  duration. 

In  the  last  two  columns  of  this  Life  Table  there  is  exhibited 
for  each  sex  at  each  age  the  "True  Expectation  of  Life." 
This  is  the  "Probable  Duration  of  Life."  It  appears  by  this 
table  that  at  birth  the  males  in  Michigan  may  reasonably  be 
expected  to  live  53.05  years,  while  the  females  have  a  probabil- 
ity of  living  49.52  years,  or  3.53  years  less  than  the  males.  If 
the  child  lives  through  the  first  year  its  chances  for  life  are 
much  better,  for  it  appears  by  the  second  and  third  columns 
of  the  table  that  the  chances  of  death  during  the  first  year 
are,  for  malc3, 16.91,  and  for  females  13.50  per  cent.  The 
true  expectation  of  life  is  therefore  much  greater  just  after 
this  dangerous  first  year  of  life  has  been  passed.  The  prob- 
able duration  of  life  appears  by  this  table  to  be  greatest,  how- 
ever, at  the  age  of  three  years  for  males,  and  at  the  age  of  two 
years  for  females.  At  the  ages  between  29  and  107  years  the 
true  expectation  of  life  appears  to  be  greater  for  females  than 
for  males,  except  at  the  ages  73  and  74.  This  fact  will  very 
likely  be  overlooked  by  many,  because  at  the  beginning  of  the 
table  the  true  expectation  is  3.53  years  greater  for  males  than 
for  females,  and  because  at  the  close  of  the  table  the  death- 


DEATHS — LIFE  TABLE,  MALES  AND  FEMALES.  203 

rate  at  all  ages  is  a  minute  fraction  greater  for  females  than 
for  males. 

The  question  of  how  much  reliance  can  be  placed  upon  this 
Life  Table  will  probably  arise  in  some  minds,  and  be  answered 
differently  by  different  persons.  While  it  is  certain  that  we 
have  not  positive  data  with  which  to  construct  a  life  table  for 
Michigan,  the  compiler  has  considerable  confidence  in  this 
table;  and  while  knowing  well  the  imperfections  of  the 
returns,  he  also  knows  the  care  that  has  been  taken  to  so  cor- 
rect the  numbers  returned  that  they  shall  conform  to  the 
evidence  as  to  the  probable  numbers  which  occurred,  and  he 
believes  the  evidence  is  valuable  for  the  purposes  of  such  cor- 
rection. At  the  same  time  the  subject  is  of  such  importance 
to  the  interests  of  public  health  that  great  effort  should  be 
made  to  secure  better  data;  and  although  the  table  is  believed 
to  be  very  valuable  because  it  is  the  best  guide  that  can  now 
be  had  respecting  the  comparative  and  actual  danger  in  this 
State  at  the  different  ages,  its  value  is  not  as  great  as  it  would 
be  if  we  knew  positively  that  it  was  absolutely  and  entirely  in 
accordance  with  all  the  facts  bearing  upon  the  subject 

Opportunities  for  constructing  Life  Tables  for  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  entire  State  do  not  often  occur,  and  it  will  prob- 
ably be  several  years  before  any  farther  material  can  be  secured, 
as  the  plan  of  enumerating  the  inhabitants  in  the  State  census 
is  not  such  as  to  render  its  results  available  for  the  purpose. 
When  the  United  States  census  shall  be  taken  in  1880  it  is  to 
be  hoped  that  the  vital  statistics  of  the  State  will  be  in  still 
better  working  order,  and  that  every  effort  will  be  made  and 
care  taken  to  secure  a  Life  Table  for  Michigan  which  shall 
approximate  still  nearer  than  this  to  the  true  statements. 

The  methods  of  construction  and  some  of  the  methods  of 
study  and  interpretation  of  Table  VIII.  have  been  described 
on  pages  201-2  of  last  Report.  From  this  very  comprehensive 
table  Exhibits  3,  4,  and  5,  following,  have  been  worked  out. 
The  table  itself  will  repay  careful  and  thorough  study. 


TABLE  Vlll.— Exhibiting  by  Sex  the  Number  of  Children  under  One  Ym  9f  Ag 

Distinguishing  the  months  in  which  they  Died,  their  age  itnonthia 

and  whether  Born  in  the  Year  ojMk  <n 


Months  In  which 

Births  &  Deaths 

Occurred. 


January... 


February 


March.. 
April... 


May.. 
June. 


July... 
August 


September 

October 


November 
December. 


Number  Born  in  each  Month 
of  Year  of  Death. 


fr- 
OD 


Numbrb  or  Children  that  DieditEaci 
Acta  in  Months. 


3 


228 


286 


276 
260 


25C 


286 


256 


281 


170 


129 


102 
187 


M 
QO 


Males 

Females.. 


Males..., 
Females. 


Males.... 
Females. 


Males... 
Females. 


Males 

Females.. 

Males 

Females.. 


Males..., 
Females. 


Males 

Females.. 


Males 

Females.. 


Males.... 
Females., 


Males... 
Females. 

Males..., 
Females. 


79 
60 


54 

48 

77 
60 


64 
82 


85 
88 

77 
60 


i  is 

18 

14 

15 

i  12 

6  ! 

I  18 

t 

12 

19 

10 

!     8 

7  j 

12 

7 

8 

7 

5 

4 

11 

5 

6  , 

4 

8 

* 

6  i  4   8!  9 


18  j  18  I  11  1  :l|i6U 

14  I  19  j    e|u|lJ  »J 


w  K  *5 
aji-i  O 

O  _  *<& 
O 

• 

a* 
fr- 

00 

• 

M 

9 

2,505 

<5 
S 

Of  those 
Born    in 
Previous 
Year. 

• 

5 

00 

W 

CO  CD 

^2 

Males... 
Females. 

Totals.... 


Males... 
Females. 


Totals. 


Males 

Females.. 


Totals.... 


1,892 
1,118 


2,505 


740 


8,245 


615 
487 


1,052 


615 
487 


1,052 


19 
15 


171 
147 


818 


2 


178 
149 


822 


18 

.7 

120 
112 


282 


4 

18 


17 


124 
125, 


24  9 


7 

7 

124 
118 


287 


14 
14 


28 


188 
127 


265 


6 
5 

102 

77 


199 


8 

4 

87 
78 


179 

160 

16 

4 

24 
24 

20 

48 

US 

81 

HI 
97 

208 


•  Excluding  8  males  and  6  females,  mouth  of  death  unkno*^ . 


<*Hf 


w  of  Age  Returned  at  having  Died  in  Michigan  during  the   Tear  187 1 ; 
I  month*  at  Death,  the  month*  in  which  then  «w  Born, 
'  Death  or  in  the  Fremont  Tear,* 


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r 


206 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  BE  PORT. 


EXHIBIT  2.— The  Relation  of  Stillbirths  to  all  Persons 
returned  as  having  Died  in  Michigan  during  the  several 
Years  1868  to  1872,  inclusive,  according  to  the  Returns  of 
Deaths* 


Total  Deaths  and  Stillbirths.* 

1863. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

6,826 
46 
.78 

9,145 

129 

1.41 

10,766 

226 

2.10 

9,728 

268 

2.75 

18,8U 

Number  of  Stillbirths*.... 

204 

Per  Cent  of  Stillbirths  to  Total  Deaths. 

1.56 

»  As  per  returns  of  deaths. 

Exhibit  2  is  similar  to  Exhibit  6  of  Births,  page  93,  and 
shows  the  Dumber  of  stillbirths  and  the  per  cent,  of  stillbirths 
to  deaths,  as  per  returns  of  deathe.  The  number  of  stillbirths 
should  be  the  same  in  the  returns  of  deaths  as  of  births,  bat 
by  comparing  this  exhibit  with  the  one  on  page  93,  it  will  be 
seen  that  except  for  1868  and  1869  more  are  returned  among 
the  deaths  than  among  the  births.  There  is  room  for  improve- 
ment in  this  particular  in  the  work  of  supervisors  and 
assessors. 

INFANT  MORTALITY  AND  DEATHS  OF  CHILDREN  UNDER  FIVE 

YEARS  OF  AGE. 

This  is  a  subject  frequently  discussed,  because  of  the  large 
share  of  the  total  mortality  which  is  believed  to  be  due  to  pre- 
ventable deaths  of  infants.  It  is  a  subject  in  which  it  seems 
particularly  easy  to  make  mistakes  in  interpreting  vital  sta- 
tistics. 

It  is  proposed  to  devote  a  little  more  time  and  space  than 
heretofore  to  a  presentation  of  the  evidence  of  the  statistics  of 
this  State  bearing  upon  the  subject. 

Some  of  the  questions  upon  which  evidence  is  offered,  so 
far  as  this  State  is  concerned,  are  the  following: 

1.  What  proportion  of  the  total  deaths  are  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age  ? 


DEATHS— INFANT   MORTALITY.  207 

2.  What  proportion  of  the  total  deaths  are  of  children  under 
five  years  of  age? 

3.  What  proportion  of  all  the  children  born  die  under  one 
year  of  age  ? 

4.  What  proportion  of  children  born  die  before  they  are  five 
years  old  ? 

5.  Children  born  in  what  month  are  in  greatest  or  least 
danger  of  death  before  one  year  of  age? 

6.  What  proportion  of  the  children  born  in  each  month  of 
the  year  who  died  under  one  year  of  age  died  in  each  of  the 
months  following?  That  is,  in  what  months  of  the  year  is 
the  greatest  danger  to  children  born  in  each  of  the  different 
months? 

7.  What  proportion  of  the  children  born  in  each  month  die 
under  one  month  of  age? 

8.  As  regards  the  foregoing,  what  are  the  differences  between 
the  sexes  ? 

The  first  two  of  these  questions  are  answered  as  regards  the 
year  1872  in  Table  IV.,  page  172,  and  the  last  one  is  briefly 
referred  to  on  page  176  of  this  Report.  For  the  year  1872, 
24.49  per  cent,  of  the  total  reported  mortality  was  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age;  and  41.52  per  cent,  was  of  children 
under  five  years  of  age.  These  proportions  are  not  very  dif- 
ferent, but  slightly  greater  than  the  computation  for  1871,  as 
may  be  seen  by  referring  to  page  168  of  the  Report  for  that 
year,  where  it  will  be  seen  that  they  were  respectively  22.90 
per  cent,  and  39.43  per  cent.  In  the  Report  for  1870  it  was 
stated  on  pages  129  and  131  as  follows:  24.65  per  cent,  of  the 
total  mortality  was  of  children  aged  under  one  year;  and 
42.58  per  cent,  was  of  children  aged  under  five  years.  We 
may  say  in  general  terms  that  over  one-fifth,  and  very  nearly 
one-fourth  of  all  the  deaths  returned  in  this  State  are  of  chil- 
dren under  one  year  of  age.  About  two-fifths  of  all  deaths 
returned  in  this  State  are  of  children  under  five  years  of  age. 
For  the  statement  occasionally  seen  in  print,  that  "  two-fifths 


208  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

of  the  children  born  in  the  State  die  under  five  years,"  the 
foregoing  furnishes  no  proper  foundation.  The  answer  to  our 
fourth  question  will  bear  upon  that  subject.  The  sexes  do  not 
exhibit  quite  equal  proportions.  For  the  year  1871  the  per 
cent,  of  decedents  under  one  year  of  age  was :  males  23.81, 
females  21.40* ;  for  1872  it  is :  males  25.42,  females  23.17. 
For  the  year  1871  the  per  cent,  of  decedents  under  five  years 
of  age  was:  males  40.35,  females  38.03;  for  1872  it  is:  males 
42.44,  females  40.30.  To  many  persons  it  may  seem  impossible 
from  the  statistics  of  this  State  to  answer  our  third  and  fourth 
questions,  for  the  reason  that  neither  the  births  nor  the  deaths 
are  believed  to  be  all  returned.  Nevertheless  it  seems  plain 
that  if  the  births  and  the  deaths  of  children  are  both  returned 
in  equal  proportions  of  the  whole  number,  we  may  be  able  to 
answer  the  question  accurately.  To  the  inquiry,  Are  they 
returned  with  equal  accuracy?  one  would  be  inclined  to  think 
they  might  not  be,  for  the  reason  that  of  the  children  born 
the  greater  number  would  be  living  and  present  reminders  of 
the  fact  of  their  birth,  while  the  absent  dead  might  be  more 
readily  forgotten.  Fortunately  we  have  some  evidence  bear- 
ing upon  the  question.  By  the  system  of  correction  devised 
and  used  by  the  compiler,  and  which  is  illustrated  and 
described  in  Exhibits  A,  B,  C,  and  D  of  births  in  this  Report, 
and  the  remarks  in  connection  therewith,  it  appears  probable 
from  similar  exhibits  in  last  Report  that  the  births  returned 
for  the  year  1871  were  about  70  (69.99)  per  cent,  of  the  whole 
number  which  occurred.  By  the  same  system  of  correction, 
applied  to  the  deaths,  it  appears  probable  that  the  total  deaths 
returned  for  the  same  year  were  about  62  per  cent.  (61.73)  of 
the  whole  number  which  occurred.  For  the  year  1872  the 
difference  does  not  appear  to  be  quite  as  great.  The  propor- 
ions  returned  were:  of  the  births  64.95  per  cent.,  and  of  the 
deaths  63.31  per  cent. 

*  Because  of  a  misplaced  decimal  point  this  does  not  appear  correctly  in  Table  IV., 
p.  168,  V.  S.  1871. 


DEATHS— INFAKT  MORTALITY. 


209 


Another  question  which  naturally  nrifces,  but  which  is  diffi- 
cult to  answer,  is  whether  the  deaths  of  infants  are  returned 
in  the  same  proportion  as  the  total  deaths.  The  following 
computation  may  bear  indirectly  upon  this  question.  It  is  to 
be  regretted  that  the  comparison  of  deaths  returned  by  the 
two  methods  cannot  be  made  for  the  same  year,  but  for  the 
year  1869  the  deaths  by  registration  returns  were  not  so  com- 
piled as  to  show  those  under  one  year  of  age. 


DEATHS. 

Deaths  in  Michi- 
gan as  per  U. 8 
Censue,  for  the 
year  ending  June 
1, 1870. 

Deaths  in  Michi- 
gan as  per  Regis- 
tration   Report, 
for  the  year  end- 
ing Jane  1,  1871. 

Per  cent,  of  He- 
tarns  by  Regis- 
tration to  those 
by  Census. 

All  Deaths. 

11,181 
2,568 

11,023 
2,785 

98.59 

106.50 

Aged  tinder  one  year 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  above  that  compared  with  the  returns 
by  the  census  marshals,  the  numbers  returned  by  the  super- 
visors and  assessors  bear  a  slightly  greater  proportion  for  the 
deaths  of  those  aged  under  one  year  than  for  the  deaths  at  all 
ages.  This  may  be  due  to  some  cause  affecting  the  deaths  of 
those  aged  under  one  year  differently  in  the  two  years,  or  it 
mav  be  that  the  census  marshals  omitted  to  enumerate  deaths 
of  children  that  were  better  known  and  more  thoroughly 
enumerated  by  supervisors  and  assessors.  If  this  last  is  the  true 
explanation,  it  tends  to  the  belief  that  the  omissions  in  enu- 
merating deaths  are  greater  among  children  than  among 
adults.  It  must  be  admitted  that  the  evidence  on  this  point 
is  very  slight.  The  evidence  as  to  the  omissions  at  all  ages  is 
somewhat  stronger.  In  the  Life  Table  constructed  from  the 
returns  in  this  State  corrected  for  omissions,  it  is  assumed  that 
the  omissions  are  the  same  at  all  ages. 

Question  3  is  answered,  so  far  as  can  well  be  done  at  this 

time,  in  the  Life  Table — VII.,  page  196 — by  computations, 

as  follows:    The   number  of  children  born  is  141,731,  and 

the  number  dying  under  one  year  of  age  is :  of  males  23,967, 

27 


TABLE  Ylll.— Exhibiting  by  Sex  the  Number  of  Children  under  One  Yen  of  A$ 

Distinguishing  the  months  in  which  they  Died,  their  age  inmtka 

and  whether  Born  in  the  Tear  oJMk  <a 


Numb icr  or  Children  that  DibdatBaci 
Aoi  m  Months. 


November 
December 


o     fa  .a 
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n 

Of  those 
Born    in 
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•  Excluding  8  males  and  6  females,  month  of  death  unknown . 


'^ 


or  of  Age  Returned  a*  having  Died  in  Michigan  during  the  Tear  187*  ; 
i  moniht  at  Death,  the  month*  in  which  they  were  Bom, 
'  Death  or  In  the  Preriou*  Tear.* 


'"■*" 

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SIXTH  BEGISTRATION  BEPORT. 


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DELINQUENT  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNSHIPS. 


217 


EXHIBIT  H.  —  Counties  and  Townships  from  which  no 
Returns  of  Deaths  for  1872  were  received  by  this  Depart- 
ment. 


COUNTIES. 


Total 


Alpena 

uass  _.....__ 
Charlevoix. 

Clare 

Delta 

Houghton.. 

Iosco 


Keweenaw. 


Lake 

Mackinac , 

Manistee. 


Maniton 

Marquette. 


Mason. 


Townships. 


1 


Mecosta. 
Midland 


Ossineke 

Mason 

Norwood :. 

Sheridan 

All  Townships a 

Franklin a 

I  Grant a 

( Oscoda a 

(Eagle  Harbor a 

Grant a 

Yates a  b 

All  Townships 

f  Filer a 

Morilla 

Springdale b 

Stronach a 

Galilee 

Ishpemlng    City,  Sd 
WM ca 

f Branch b 

Free  Soil 

Hamlin 

Pere  Marquette 

Grant 

(Homer 

( Lincoln 


Population  June  1,  1870. 


5 

o 
En 


26,227 


144 

8G9 

182 

87 

2,441 

2,164 

107 

476 

778 

152 


1,715 
876 
129 


281 
208 


142 
124 
955 
144 
247 
822 


m 


3 


14,837 


91 

419 

91 

50 

1,486 

1,105 

68 

887 

431 

75 


905 

211 

74 


172 
108 


79 

80 

547 

77 
126 

181 


00 

n 

0 


11,890 


53 
890 

91 

87 

955 

1,059 

44 
189 
847 

77 


(^County  Clerk  says  no  returns  from  Supervisor. 
(.Organized  since  census  was  taken. 
^.Incorporated  since  census  was  taken. 


810 

165 

55 


109 
100 


68 
44 

408 

67 

121 

141 


Natiye. 


9,337 


88 
404 

65 

46 
699 
527 

47 
108 
189 

40 


696 
99 
57 


55 
61 


65 

85 

805 

70 

106 

114 


09 

§ 


8,886 


19 

884 

69 

84 

604 

526 

83 

57 

185 

48 


685 
81 
43 


49 
64 


49 
28 
261 
60 
99 
99 


FOBKIGN. 


* 


5,000 


58 

15 

26 

4 

787 
578 

16 
229 
242 

85 


209 

112 

17 


117 
42 


14 

45 

212 

7 

20 
67 


S 


8,504 


84 
6 

22 

8 

851 

588 

11 

82 
162 

84 


125 
84 

12 


60 
86 


It 

16 

147 

7 

22 
42 


28 


218 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  H.— Continued. 


COUNTIES. 


Missaukee.... 


Monroe. 


Montcalm.... 


Muskegon. 


Newaygo 


Osceola 


Presqne  Isle. 

Saginaw , 

Tuscola , 

Washtenaw. 

Wexford 


Townships. 


Reeder 

fAeh 

Exeter 

Frenchtown 

Milan 

Raisinvillc 

i  Home 

( Montcalm 

( Cedar  Creek a 

(Laketon a 

'Beaver a 

Bridgeton a 

Grant... 

Norwich ft 

Cedar ab 

Richmond a 

Sylvan a 

Prcsque  Isle ab 

Albce a 

Ellington a 

Freedom a 

f Clam  Lake b 

Cleon b 

Colfax 

.Henderson b 


Population  June  1,  1870. 


o 


180 
1,449 
1,059 
2,115 
1,421 
1,795 

118 
1,009 

660 
1,089 

142 

897 
77 


658 
48 


197 
452 

1,261 


172 


76 
755 
567 
1,100 
724 
931 
101 
527 
855 
685 

84 
225 

45 


858 
28 


115 
242 
677 


94 


to 

^* 

at 

a 

to 


54 
694 
492 
1,015 
697 
864 

72 
482 
805 
404 

58 
172 

82 


805 
15 


82 
210 
584 


78 


Native. 


0> 

*3 


22 
668 
444 
887 
6C8 
705 

94 
844 
282 
809 

76 
196 

44 


154 
26 


95 

157 
885 


85 


u 

OS 

a 
to 


11 

561 
8S9 
7S0 
649 
652 

68 
821 
258 
255 

51 
149 

81 


128 
15 


70 
129 
834 


6S 


FOBEISN. 


© 


54 

167 

123 

263 

56 

226 

7 

183 

73 

826 

8 

29 

1 


199 
2 


20 

85 

292 


9 


© 

1 

V 

to 


48 

188 

103 

235 

48 

212 

4 

161 

02 

149 

7 

23 

1 


177 


12 

81 
250 


10 


a  County  Clerk  says  no  returns  from  Supervisor. 
b  Organized  since  census  was  taken. 

Exhibit  H,  compared  with  the  same  for  1871,  shows  a 
decrease  in  the  number  of  counties  and  townships  which  were 
delinquent  in  their  returns  of  deaths,  only  about  two-thirds 
as  many  townships  failing  to  make  returns  in  1872  as  in  1871. 


DEATHS— TOWNSHIPS  HAVING  NONE. 


219 


EXHIBIT  I. — Counties  and  Townships  in  which  it  is  Re- 
ported  that  no  Deaths  Occurred  in  1872. 


COUNTIES. 

Townships. 

Population 
Jane  1,1870. 

Total. - — 

2,629 

Allegan. 


Bay 


Iosco. .. 
Isabella. 


Mecosta. 


Menominee. 

Oceana 

Osceola 

Sanilac 


-I 


Pine  Plains 

An  Gres 

Beaver .* 

Clayton • 

Portsmouth 

Edwards • 

Sherman 

(Clinton » 

( Sheridan 

Ingallston • 

Colfax 

Hart  wick 

Elmer • 


180 
255 
141 


1,660 


184 


185 


7T 
47 


•  Organized  since  census  was  taken. 

Exhibit  I  shows  great  falling  off  in  the  number  of  counties 
and  townships  in  which  it  is  reported  that  no  deaths  occurred 
in  1872.  In  1872  the  number  of  such  townships  is  not  one- 
half  as  large  as  in  1871.  This  is  believed  to  indicate  progress 
in  the  cause  of  truth.  It  does  not  seem  probable,  however, 
that  no  deaths  occurred  in  a  township  like  Portsmouth,  con- 
taining 1,660  inhabitants  in  1870.  Indeed,  one  may  question 
whether  there  were  not  some  deaths  in  some  of  the  less  densely 
populated  townships  in  this  list,  although  the  county  clerks 
certify  that  the  statements  in  this  Exhibit  as  to  absence  of 
deaths  are  in  accordance  with  the  returns  of  supervisors  and 
assessors.  There  may  yet  be  some  misunderstanding  of  this 
subject  on  the  part  of  the  supervisors  and  assessors. 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION   BEPOET. 


TABLE  X. — Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  Counties,  by  Sex, 
gan  during  the  Year  1812,  and  in  each  Month  of  the 


H«™. 

STATE 

COUNTIEB. 

Sex. 

| 

t 

jj 

■< 

a 

1 

1 

| 

": 
I 

1 

1 

1 

I 

a 

* 

I 

To..! 

itm 

S02 

156 

911 

1140 

»T9 

815 

1050 

17BS 

1653 

182 

Males 

Tin 

111 

838 

£10 

635 

605 

186 

633 

SIS 

SOS 

12 

6i«s 

aai 

188 

429 

504 

472 

SIC 

60S 

1ST 

75S 

M 

Unit.. 

21 

1 

* 

1 

t 

1 

S 

8 

t 

Total 

11 

1 

1 

1 

* 

5 

1 

t 

i 

""""■ 

Fo'i.. 

■ 

■ 

' 

• 

• 

' 

1 

Tot»l 

BBS 

2S 

S3 

St 

82 

11 

It 

2! 

ii 

60 

63 

20 

39 

"— 

Ma  lei 
Fe'B.. 
Unit.. 

210 
ltd 

1 

14 

IB 
11 

14 
1 

11 

• 

1 

12 

: 

25 

81 
22 

IB 
11 

28 

1 

To  HI 

18 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

> 

1 

1 

Alpena...  ■ 

Mules 
Pe's.. 

11 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l 

8 

1 

4 

Tom 

83 

1 

3 

2 

1 

t 

1 

4 

t 

6 

8 

Antrim .... 

Males 

16 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

e 

1 

1 

Po'i- 

K 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

4 

8 

t 

TOUI 

203 

S 

14 

IS 

12 

!0 

11 

10 

21 

24 

28 

IS 

2.8 

, 

M.1. 

1* 

' 

! 

.! 

1 

S 
12 

B 

e 

« 

13 
S 

IS 

13 

s 

17 

1 

Toul 

bos 

It 

IB 

ai 

n 

19 

24 

23 

43 

ss 

29 

IT 

61 

BtJ 

Mitel 

F«'».. 

221 
Ml 

9 

■ 

21 

li 

" 

11 

14 

20 

" 

SI 

28 

85 

ceplof  townships  not  represented  bj  returns  of  deaths  in  1572.    Bee  Exhibit  H 


DEATHS — BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,  AND  AGE. 


221 


the  Number  of  Deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  in  Michi- 
Year  ;  also  the  Number  of  Deaths  at  each  Period  of  Age. 


Ages. 


• 

u 

a 
P 

• 

o 
o 

1Q 

• 

r-t 
O 

© 

r-l 

• 

o 

1H 

• 

04 

o 

o 

s' 

3 

o 

8 

i 

3 

3 

• 

o 

^« 

o 

o 

• 

s 

o 

8" 

o 
8 

• 

o 
<© 

o 

8 

3 

o 

•V* 
o 

• 

o 
3 

* 

o 

«■» 

o 

8 

2 
o 

• 

o 
p 

s 

• 

Q 
O 

a 
.u 

a 

5562 

754 

447 

538 

683 

548 

453 

465 

410 

480 

446 

874 

484 

483 

441 

281 

872 

815 

8048 

876 

212 

289 

809 

250 

201 

220 

211 

266 

274 

238 

272 

258 

256 

159 

214 

176 

2488 

877 

235 

294 

874 

29S 

248 

245 

199 

164 

172 

186 

162 

175 

185 

122 

158 

185 

91 

1 

1 

4 

10 

8 
1 
2 

1 

8 

6 

1 

4 

1 

2 

105 

26 

21 

15 

17 

17 

15 

10 

16 

27 

15 

16 

18 

16 

16 

12 

6 

15 

54 

18 

11 

7 

8 

7 

7 

4 

10 

21 

9 

12 

11 

8 

10 

8 

4 

11 

49 

12 

10 

8 

14 

10 

8 

6 

6 

6 

6 

4 

7 

8 

6 

4 

2 

4 

2 

1 

10 

*  MM  • 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

2 
2 

8 
2 
1 

1 

7 

8 

1 

12 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

8 

1 

1 

•  **• 

«... 

2 

1 

_... 

1 

2 

1 

6 

1 

.... 

1 

2 

.... 

1 

..... 

.... 

2 

2 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 



1 

•  A  •  » 

74 

9 

5 

4 

8 

10 

8 

7 

7 

9 

S 

i 

8 

11 

14 

2 

9 

8 

40 

4 

2 

1 

2 

3 

•  «  •  • 

8 

4 

5 

5 

4 

5 

8 

6 

2 

6 

8 

84 

5 

8 

8 

6 

7 

8 

4 

8 

4 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 



8 

i 

•  *  m 

193 

22 

12 

13 

20 

14 

11 

15 

11 

8 

9 

9 

6 

7 

4 

4 

8 

2 

114 

11 

8 

9 

11 

6 

7 

12 

5 

7 

8 

6 

6 

3 

2 

8 

2 

1 

79 

11 

4 

4 

9 

8 

4 

8 

6 

1 

1 

8 



4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 
TABLE  X.— Continued.— Deaths  by  Counties, 


Six. 

1 

Mo 

COUNTIES. 

5 

| 

3 

1 

1 

i 

i 

< 

£ 

1 

i 

| 

1 

1 
i 

£ 

Total 

n 

... 

. 

■ 

1 

S 

B 

22 

IS 

16 

( 

8 

"Ben  7.1  e 

Prf*. 

it 

2 

I 
S 

1 

2 

2 

14 

. 

1 

B 
B 

8 

Total 

442 

23 

28 

S8 

29 

1  25 

29 

so 

SO 

64 

66 

39 

S3 

, 

Berrien 

Hales 

241 

IS 

SI 

15 

14 

10 

IS 

IS 

8! 

as 

21 

23 

IS 

FeV. 

m 

8 

T 

IS 

15 

IS 

IB 

11 

!S 

61 

29 

16 

IT 

1 

Total 

SOI 

It 

•a 

se 

88 

SO 

16 

21 

26 

31 

26 

22 

K 

Males 
Fo's.. 
Unk.. 

1(4 

186 

T 

t 

is 

: 

23 

IS 

* 

10 

11 

2fl 

11 

12 

15 
T 

12 

Total 

85T 

IS 

22 

n 

4! 

20 

26 

25 

54 

40 

BO 

26 

38 

Calhoun... 

Fe'a.. 

2 

s 

11 

10 

i 
is 

26 
IS 

IB 

9 

» 

32 
22 

IT 

23 

It 

11 

IS 

"" 

Total 

156 

8 

B 

10 

IT 

10 

8 

B 

20 

21 

21 

IS 

BO 

Hales 
Unk.. 

86 
69 

i 

* 

s 

16 
I 

s 

4 

6 
1 

S 
2 

S 

IB 

■ 

8 
18 

10 

8 

B 

11 

Total 

S3 

1 

1 

1 

4 

S 

1 

4 

S 

0 

, 

. 

, 

Charlevoix* 

Fe'a.. 

IS 
ID 

1 

\ 

.... 

8 
1 

""', 

1 

""4 

t 

B 

1 

_. 

* 

Total 

1* 

1 

, 

4 

t 

1 

Cheboygan. 

Fe'a.. 

It 

1 

.... 

2 

9 

1 

S 

Total 

m 

4 

1 

• 

4 

B 

t 

6 

s 

Chippewa.. 

MaiN 

Fe'a.. 

19 
13 

S 
1 

1 

1 

1 

S 

1 

S 

8 

1 

1 

8 

8 

•  Kicopt  of  townships  Dot  represented  by  re 


isofdeatlulnl8T2.   SaeEihibllH. 


DEATHS — BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,  AND  AGE.        223 
by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 


1 

1 

i 

z 

s 

n 
a 

S 

* 

* 

2 

S 

s 

S 
3 

i  1  s 

a 

s 

s 

| 
1 

23 

16 

8 

* 

* 

1 

; 

'    8 
S 

1 

id 
lis 

IS 

21 
16 
11 

8 

i 

8 

6 
11 

» 

s 

8 

18 
8 
8 

15 

18 

18 

14 

11 

10 
7 

IS 
9 
( 

15 

12 

10 
8 

16 
10 
< 

6 

in 

53 

22 

: 

I 

11 

e 

8 
8 

a 

s 

t 

8 

IS 

IB 

8 

11 

10 

T 

4 

It 

8 

> 
T 

10 

58 
S3 

It 

1 

4 

11 

* 
8 

53 
8 

IS 

18 
B 
18 

15 

T 

" 

11 

s 

18 

12 
6 

8 

s 

18 

15 
11 

': 

12 
6 

4 
2 

N 
12 

» 
« 

i 

1 

• 

s 

6 
.6 

< 
E 

1 

2 

I 

i 

i 

E 

T 
8 
1 

8 

s 

• 

1 

s 

8 

2 

4 

10 

e 

8 

in 

1 
1 

8 
1 

1 

2 

t 

S 

1 

1 

.... 

' 

S 

1 
1 

' 

S 

14 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

' 

1 

t 

l 

1 

' 

' 

l 

8 

, 

1 

SIXTH   REGISTRATION  BEPORT. 


TABLE  X 

— Continued. — 

Deaths 

by 

Counties, 

ant. 

1 

Months. 

COUNTIES 

[? 

1 

1 

| 

1 

§ 

i 

< 

it 

a.  1  2 

i 

B 
I 

jj 

1 

a 

1 

Total 

a 

1 

.... 

i 

Clare         • 

Males 

Fe't.. 

B 

1 

1 

Total 

253 

12 

e 

23 

so 

Clinton.... 

Mules 
Fe'a.. 

141 

T 

6 

s 

T 

> 

Dell*                       i 

r   .""I "  r"T"  r"""i" 

Total 

tea 

10 

11 

ts 

« 

SI 

16 

18 

ie 

sa 

si 

« 

IB 

1 

Eaton 

Fe'3._ 
link.. 

1SS 
1M 

7 

• 

S3 
18 

,: 

1 

s 

• 

14 

11 

IS 

10 

10 
11 

IT 

11 

1 

Total 

SB 

1 

1 

i 

, 

8 

1 

, 

, 

* 

1 

Males 
Fe'a.. 

29 

1 

1 

1 

3 

8 

8 

8 

8 

* 

6 

1 

Total 

SIT 

8 

u 

24 

11 

.1 

IS 

88 

87 

£t 

IS 

20 

B0 

1 

— - 

Malta 
Fe'a.. 
Unk.. 

119 

181 

• 

t 

» 

1 

18 

a 

10 

1 

U 

11 

;: 

1* 

~> 

Total 

M 

. 

s 

> 

< 

8 

, 

8 

I> 

18 

i 

8 

2 

Gr.  Trav'ee 

Males 

S2 

s 

1 

! 

8 

l 

8 

8 

4 

s 

S 

S 

Ptfi.. 

.,. 

! 

1 

8 

8 

' 

8 

' 

* 

• 

1 

Total 

Ill 

u 

ie 

11 

19 

u 

It 

12 

H 

18 

Gratiot.... 

Males 

88 

s 

10 

S 

8 

18 

8 

t 

8 

8 

Fa's.. 

8! 

' 

6 

* 

* 

' 

10 

e 

8 

10 

•  Fxcept  oftownsblpanot  represented  by  re 


jffleatbsinlSla.    See  Exhibit  H 


DEATHS— BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,  AND  AGE.      225 
>/  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 


I 

• 

= 

■ 

« 

« 

4 

s 

V 

a 

8 
3 

S 
3 

2 
S 

2 

i 

X 

1 

i 

„ 

' 

, 

' 

121) 

is 

ID 

9 

6 
ii 

8 

8 

11 

1 

S 

8 

1 

54 

4.;' 

7 

S 

S 
8 

11 
t 
11 

1 
8 

] 

' 

'• 

j 

12 

10 

* 

t 

! 

U 
9 

■ 

■ 

1 

I 
! 

< 

1 

1 

1 

, 

n 

6 

a 

20 

16 

18 

E 

IP 
t 

8 

10 

3 
8 

1! 

S 

'. 

9 

: 

6 

: 

: 

3S 

S 
8 

E 

i 

E 

t 

.' 

1 

1 

1 

6 

1 

S 

■a 

• 

1 

1 

si 
a 

D 

u 

s 

T 

■ 

C 
1 

1 

8 

« 

« 
8 

g 

6 

6 

8 

S 

J 

' 

226  SIXTH  BEGI6TKATI0N    BEPORT. 

TABLE  X.— Coktihued. — Deaths  ly  Counties, 


B,, 

1 

«™.. 

COCMTIB9 

i 

I 

| 

1 

| 

» 

1 

i 

E 
5 

i 

1 

1 

| 

i 

1 
s 
a 

1 

f  Total 
llMidulc.-j  Males 

891    H 

161      1 

170    18 
1 

22 

IS 

10 

11 
IS 

29 
11 
19 

21 

26 
11 

IS 
7 
1 

88 

22 
16 

47 
23 

2-1 

82 
IB 
It 

11 

21 

1 

Houghton  ■ 

ToUl 
W*le* 

Fe's_. 

isa 

4» 

8 

! 

4 

■ 

ID 

8 
T 

t 

8 

S 

22 

* 

18 

10 

18 

a 

7 

18 
1 

I 

__ 

Total 

Males 
Fo'b._ 

US 

86 
41 

5 
S 

8 
2 

11 

8 
8 

I 
7 

18 

4 

IS 

S 

s 

11 
8 

10 
7 
8 

1 

': 

1 

Ingham 

ToUl 
Males 
Fe'B.. 

806 

t 

ID 
T 

U 

1! 
T 

20 
10 

s 

IS 

12 

26 

16 

22 

10 

16 

40 

IB 
23 

24 
17 

« 

11 

18 

Total 

Males 
Fe'»„ 

804 
150 
118 

16 

« 

10 
17 

18 

26 

19 
8 

16 

11 

10 

80 
11 

47 
28 

23 

40 
20 

23 
8 

!2 
13 
0 

IoMO ■-!  Males 

at 

10 

1 

1 

* 

* 

S 
B 

* 

1 

I 

s 

1 
8 

4 

' 

( ToUl 

Isabella.. ..^  Males 

I,,... 

8 
2 

t 

S 

7 
1 

1 

2 

B 

5 

8 
8 

1 

S 
1 

-  Eicept  of  townships  not  represented  by  re 


m  of  deaths  In  1S'<2. 


DEATHS— BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,  AND  AGE.       227 

by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 


Ages. 


a 
P 

• 

o 

O 
•** 

• 

to 
o 

*-* 

o 

• 

o 
o 

04 

o 
o 

04 

• 

© 

o 

lO 
<M 

3' 

o 

o 

00 

• 

© 
o 

CO 

• 

^« 
o 

© 

• 

s 

o 

3 

i 

8 
o 

2 

3 

o 
8 

• 

o 

3 

• 

t- 

o 
*•» 

o 

s 

o 

Hi 

si 

o 
a 

s 

• 

a 

o 
a 

M 

a 
P 

101 

12 

7 

13 

26 

13 

6 

7 

12 

9 

21 

16 

18 

28 

17 

7 

19 

4 

50 

4 

1 

C 

8 

6 

1 

3 

4 

5 

9 

6 

6 

17 

8 

4 

18 

1 

48 

S 

6 

7 

IS 

7 

5 

4 

8 

4 

12 

10 

12 

6 

9 

3 

6 

3 

ss 

5 

5 

3 

3 

2 

5 

3 

4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

*  *  •  m 

2 

»  •  •  * 

•  ••• 

1 

50 

4 

4 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

8 

2 

.... 

2 

m  w  b  a 

•  *  *  • 

2 

38 

1 

1 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

66 

11 

1 

6 

5 

2 

8 

1 

5 

5 

1 

J 

2 

1 

2 

•  ■  m  m 

•  ••• 

1 

48 

8 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

8 

2 

1 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

28 

8 

•  «•  m  m 

2 

3 

1 

1 



2 

8 



1 

1 

1 

.... 

•  •«• 

1 

127 

10 

5 

15 

21 

16 

10 

7 

14 

7 

4 

10 

16 

10 

18 

7 

12 

2 

CI 

5 

2 

8 

7 

9 

3 

4 

6 

4 

8 

5 

10 

4 

9 

2 

8 

2 

C3 

5 

8 

7 

14 

7 

7 

8 

8 

8 

1 

5 

6 

6 

4 

5 

4 

... 

8 

118 

20 

10 

10 

14 

11 

10 

11 

12 

8 

12 

8 

16 

10 

8 

12 

8 

6 

60 

5 

7 

4 

9 

8 

4 

6 

7 

5 

5 

7 

12 

5 

6 

7 

4 

8 

56 

15 

8 

6 

5 

8 

6 

5 

5 

8 

7 

1 

4 

5 

2 

5 

4 

8 

2 

• 

17 

8 

7 

8 

8 

1 

1 

2 

2 

10 

2 
1 



2 

5 

1 
2 

•  *  *  m 

•  *  •• 

1 
2 

1 

1 
1 

m  m  *• 

•  ••«§ 

1 

7 

1 

1 

12 

4 

5 

2 

3 

2 

8 

2 

2 

6 

8 

1 

1 

1 

•  •«« 

M«  »• 

1 

1 

7 

2 

3 

1 

8 

.... 

2 

•»  •  •  w 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

MM*« 

.... 

1 

... 

5 

2 

2 

1 

•  *•  m 

2 

1 

2 

2 

4 

2 

1 

SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

TABLE  X.— Continued.— Deaths  by  Counties, 


Ses, 

1 

Month 

COUNTIES. 

I 

1 

s 

< 

i 

1 

£ 

1 

| 

1 

1 

i 

Q 

j 

f  Total 

BOG 

18 

25 

22 

36 

ss 

St 

■;9 

51 

80 

3* 

i '   '■ 

Males 

Jackson i 

I  Ftfi_ 

193 
IK 

11 

11 
IB 

t 

to 

18 

IS 

IS 
11 

21 
SO 

It 
IE 

to 

i          : 

Uok 

1 

1 

Total 

81B 

IT 

St 

IB 

30 

K 

21 

19 

97 

SO 

32 

so 

S3 

8 

Kalamazoo. 

Hale* 
Po'a.. 

192 
147 

10 

12 

IS 

I! 

n 

» 

16 

IB 

27 

11 

» 

" 

"' 

Total 

*l 

1 

1 

3 

i 

1 

E 

8 

8 

1 

1 

Kalkaeka .. 

Make 

" 

.... 

1 

1 

s 

1 

> 

. 

2 

.... 

1 

Total 

56T 

!7 

tl 

« 

51 

.i 

St 

81 

-,; 

. 

78 

45 

3- 

Rent. 

Males 

281. 

16 

0 

SI 

31 

n 

IS 

It 

43 

*2 

31 

M 

11 

Fe's- 

m 

11 

It 

IT 

It 

19 

10 

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» 

« 

41 

tl 

M 

' 

1 

1 

Total 

at 

1 

1 

3 

,1 

0 

8 

8 

1 

8 

8 

s 

Keweenaw 

Fe'e. 

a 

'■; 

1 

1 

" 

6 

: 

; 

8 

8 

1 

s 

Total 

9 

1 

1 

t 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Lake         • 

Hales 

8 

1 

1 

I 

' 

1 

' 

.... 

1 

Total 

210 

IB 

10 

It 

18 

U 

IS 

IT 

I, 

18 

24 

18 

1) 

LaP™ 

Kales 

FtV.. 

106 
113 

7 

■ 

< 

11 

0 

0 

» 

: 

:; 

:: 

8 

10 

represented  by  returns  of  di 


InlSTS.    Sec  Exhibit H. 


DEATHS— BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,   MOUTHS,  AND  AGE.       229 
i  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 


1 

i 

* 

o1 

8 

4 

s 

a 

~. 

s 

s 

3 
S 

3 

3 

S 

s 

s 

8 

a 

ISE 
TO 

61 

10 



16 

14 
9 

SB 

1 

18 
ID 
E 

i 

6 

10 

\ 

s 

16 

s 

I 

• 

4 

S 

IS 
S 

1 

104 
CI 

IT 

10 

IS 

T 
8 

11 

82 

le 

". 

1 

8 

8 

T 

S 

> 

I 

11 

13 
8 

ts 

■; 

1! 

16 

S 

1 

S 

' 

' 

: 

so 
s 

SI 

10 
11 

2fi 
IS 

ss 
IT 
18 

11 
T 

18 
D 

25 

10 

IT 

18 

14 

» 

13 

18 
IS 

a 

12 

IB 
1 

8 

12 

'1 

a 

...: 

8 

■ 

S 

1 

6 

1 

S 

1 

.„. 

0 

! 

1 

1 

' 

„ 

, 

, 

1 

' 

S3       IS 

» 

4 

I 

11 

» 

8 

4 

1 

6 

6 

I 

8 

0 

8 

8 

1 
S 

3 

230 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  X. — Continued.— Deaths  by  Counties, 


Sex. 

■ 

»■» 
GO 

fa 
>< 

Months. 

COUNTIES. 

• 
OS 

p 
c 

• 

• 

o 
hi 

as 

* 

• 

Pi 

< 

es 
3 

• 

a 
a 

• 

CD 

a 
to 

p 

«1 

• 

.o 
B 

« 
CO 

<u 

o 
o 
O 

o 

a 
o 

> 
o 

55 

• 

u 

V 

£> 

B 

o 
a 
o 

n 

• 

c 

* 

o 

c 
M 

a 

Total 

72 

1 

2 

6 

8 

3 

4 

7 

20 

i: 

8 

5 

•  - 

Leelanaw..- 

Males 

8S 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

8 

2 

10 

6 

1 

2 

5 

-- 

IFc's.. 

81 

— 



3 

1 

2 

1 

5 

10 

5 

2 

3 

2 

-- 

f  Total 

i 

862 

16 

28 

16 

86 

36 

25 

16 

50 

42 

46 

22 

20 

-- 

Lenawee... -j  Males 

188 

8 

11 

8 

20 

10 

18 

12 

27 

20 

28 

12 

14 

— 

IFe's.. 

179 

8 

17 

8 

16 

26 

12 

4 

28 

22 

18 

10 

15 

-- 

Total 

186 

4 

10 

17 

14 

9 

11 

8 

12 

14 

12 

18 

10 

2 

Livingston.  - 

Males 

78 

1 

4 

9 

6 

5 

4 

5 

8 

12 

6 

7 

6 

-- 

,Fe's.. 

63 

8 

6 

8 

8 

4 

7 

8 

4 

2 

6 

6 

4 

2 

Total 

187 

7 

9 

18 

15 

21 

14 

9 

88 

24 

14 

15 

12 

1 

Macomb....- 

Males 

102 

6 

4 

6 

9 

9 

7 

4 

20 

15 

7 

8 

7 

*- 

.Fe's.. 

85 

1 

5 

7 

6 

12 

7 

5 

18 

9 

7 

7 

& 

1 

'  Total 

107 

4 

5 

8 

6 

8 

5 

13 

21 

16 

14 

8 

6 

8 

Manistee..*- 

Males 

68 

8 

8 

«  •  •  « 

4 

5 

4 

6 

18 

7 

6 

•  ••• 

5 

2 

LFe's.. 

49 

1 

2 

8 

2 

3 

1 

7 

8 

9 

8 

8 

1 

W  »   *  M 

1 

fTntiil 

8 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 
1 

M&niton     *^ 

Males 

* 

1 

1 

V  *  "**   "*•• 

r  Total 

293 

18 

10 

18 

18 

28 

15 

24 

89 

21 

80 

82 

50 

-- 

Marquette  *  \  Males 
IFe's.. 

165 

7 

8 

10 

11 

12 

9 

10 

26 

18 

17 

21 

21 

•  * 

128 

6 

2 

8 

7 

11 

6 

14 

18 

8 

13 

11 

29 

-- 

»  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  deaths  in  1872.    See  Exhibit  H. 
b  No  returns  of  Deaths  to  this  Department. 


DEATHS — BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,  AND  AGE.        23 

by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 

Ages. 


• 

u 
o 

a 

• 

o 

*•+ 

o 
to 

• 

O 
O 

• 

© 
O 

• 

s 

o 
■** 

e 

* 

© 

00 

o 

<♦* 
04 

o 

• 

9 

o 

•** 

• 

o 

-4-» 

o 

i 

o 

■*■» 

• 

o 
S 

• 

o 

8 

o 

© 

• 
© 

o 
8 

• 

o 

o 

• 

o 
•a 

R 

s 

• 

a 

* 

o 
c 
.u 

s 

S3 

41 
20 
21 

6 
2 

4 

1 

1 

6 
8 
8 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

4 
8 
1 

1 
1 

2 
2 

1 
1 

1 
1 

2 
2 

8 
8 

189 
75 
61 

28 

9 

14 

11 

6 
5 

8 
2 
6 

28 

9 

14 

8 
6 
2 

11 
4 

7 

11 

4 

7 

9 
5 
4 

4 
1 
8 

14 
8 
6 

19 

11 

8 

17 

12 

6 

11 
6 
5 

IS 

7 

11 

18 

7 
6 

16 

8 
8 

7 
3 
4 

87 

21 
16 

12 
6 
6 

7 
2 
5 

8 
8 

12 
5 

7 

5 
8 
2 

7 
4 
8 

8 
2 
1 

1 
1 

6 
4 

2 

6 

4 
1 

10 
6 
4 

4 

—  •  •  • 

4 

9 

>» 
i 

2 

8 
4 
4 

1 
1 

8 
3 

8 
2 
1 

77 
48 
84 

'11 

7 
4 

6 
1 
5 

7 
8 
4 

11 
2 
9 

9 
8 
6 

5 
3 
2 

5 
2 
8 

4 

1 
8 

5 
4 

1 

6 
5 
1 

10 
10 

7 
4 
8 

6 
4 
2 

6 
8 
8 

6 
8 
8 

4 

4 

2 
2 

72 
88 
84 

8 
8 

1 
1 

5 
1 
4 

7 
6 
1 

4 

2 
2 

1 
1 

•  •  •  • 

2 

A 

2 

.      1 
1 

1 
1 

2 
1 
1 

m  •  m  * 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

m  m  •  • 

2 

2 

•  •  •  • 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

•  ••  m 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

•  •  •  • 

1 

168 
62 
36 

9 

4 
5 

8 
2 
1 

18 
5 

8 

16 

8 
8 

21 

14 

7 

18 

12 

1 

12 

11 

1 

8 
6 
2 

9 

7 
2 

8 
2 
1 

2 
1 

1 

8 
8 

2 
2 

•  ••• 

1 
1 

•  ••  • 

1 
1 

9 
5 
4 

SIXTH  KEGISTRATION   BEPORT. 

TABLE  X— Continued.— Deal 


is  by  Counties, 


Six. 

Months. 

CDUNTIKS 

IJ 

1 

a 

ft 

I 

| 

& 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

j 

—_. 

Total 
Males 

Fe-a.. 

to 

26 

1 

8 

• 

1 

2 

4 
1 

2 

1 

a 

It 

6 

9 

9 

8 

Mecosta  ..' 

Total 
Mnlca 
F8'l_ 

23 

1 

1 
I 

4 

8 

, 

B 
S 

10 

7 

* 

s 

9 

e 

Menominee 

Total 
Males 

18 

S 

9 

a 
i 

1 

.... 

' 

1 

8 

4 
9 
9 

i 

f  Total 

1  Males 
Midland  ..*■) 

Fa's.. 

OT 
36 

to 

' 

.... 

a 

8 

6 

1 
1 

a 

a 

4 

4 

, 

t 

8 
9 

' 

Total 
Ma  Ira 
Fe'a. 

8 

e 

■ 

■ 

• 

' 

1 

> 

Monroe..." 

Total 
Males 
Fc'e.. 

98 
OS 

12 

e 

8 

21 

b 

la 

7 
7 

10 

1! 

a 

a 

a 

26 
12 

It 

1G 
8 
8 

15 

H 

" 

1 

— .. 

Total 
Males 
Fe's.. 

S1J 

113 

10 

6 

9 

5 

* 

6 

17 

! 

8 

28 

19 

IB 

81 

19 
19 

ie 

18 

a 

Muakegon  • 

Tolal 
Males 
Fe'l.. 

let 
» 

i 
t 

2 

9 

D 

11 

IS 
B 

9 

S 

it 

9 
7 

2B 

It 

21 
17 

15 

1! 

IB 
9 

1 

2 

»  Etcapt  of  townibjpi  not  represented  b j  relnrns  of  destaa  in  18T2.    Beo  Exhibit  H. 


DEATHS—BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,   AND  AGE.       233 

by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 


AOKB. 


• 

a 
P 

© 

a 

o 

• 

o 
O 

to 

«5 

o 

• 

s 

o 
to 

2 

© 

s 

• 

2 
3 

• 

e 
3 

o 

• 

s 

o 

i 

o 
S 

s 

o 

• 

S 
3 

• 

*- 

o 

■** 

o 

o 

• 

► 
o 

•a 
a 

* 

S 

• 

0 

o 

0 
M 

a 
P 

82 

5 
2 
8 

2 

1 
1 

2 
2 

1 
1 

6 
8 
8 

2 
2 

M  «  «  • 

•  •  •  * 

«  «  *  w 

2 
1 
1 

•  ••• 

•  ^  •  • 

•••* 

1 
1 

2 

18 

• 

1 

14 

1 

26 
11 

6 
2 

4 

1 

1 

2 
1 
1 

8 
8 

1 
1 

2 
1 
1 

— - 

•  •  •  m 

2 

i 

8 

2 
1 

1 

1 

5 
5 

2 
2 

•  ••« 

2 
2 

... 

15 

*  ••• 

■   »  *M 

2 

i 

14 

1 
1 

8 

11 

2 

8 

1 

29 
17 
12 

2 
2 

4 
8 
1 

2 
1 
1 

2 

2 

8 
1 
2 

8 
2 
1 

8 
1 
2 

2 
1 

1 

1 
1 

i 
i 

•  ••  « 

2 
2 

1 
1 

a  *  •• 

2 
1 
1 

8 
1 
6 

1 

5 

•  •  •  • 

m  m  w  • 

1 
1 

•  •  •  • 

1 

1 

8 

2 

1 

1 

72 
41 
81 

9 

4 
5 

8 
2 
0 

9 
7 
2 

7 
8 
4 

10 
4 
6 

8 
1 
2 

6 
1 

5 

5 
2 
8 

6 
2 
4 

6 
2 
4 

2 
1 
1 

6 
2 
4 

5 
2 
8 

5 
2 
3 

6 

8 
8 

5 
4 
1 

21 
10 
11 

90 
57 
88 

2 
1 
1 

8 
1 

7 

11 

4 
7 

16 

8 

18 

9 
2 
7 

8 
8 
5 

10 
8 

7 

9 
4 

5 

4 
8 
1 

10 
S 
2 

4 
8 
1 

6 
8 
8 

7 
6 
1 

7 
4 
8 

6 
8 
8 

4 
1 
8 

6 
8 
8 

90 
54 
86 

18 
5 

8 

5 

*   «  *   0 

5 

8 
1 
2 

9 

5 
4 

8 
8 

8 
8 

6 
2 

4 

5 
5 

6 
4 
2 

4 
8 
1 

5 

4 
1 

5 
8 
2 

4 
1 
8 

•  *  •  • 



1 
1 

2 
2 

30 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION    BEPOBT. 

TABLE  X.— Continued. — Deaths  by  Counties, 


Sex. 

Ho 

™ 

CODMTIES 

t 

s 

i 

| 

I 

| 

| 

J 

I 

X 

1 

= 

5 

I 

1 

o 

s. 

B 
S 

a 

5 

Total 

6» 

a 

I 

D 

8 

8 

8 

« 

6 

8 

1 

4 

t 

*"""°" 

Malm 
Fe'l.. 

S3 
IB 

1 

8 

1 

' 

! 

1 

8 

8 

I 

1 

t 

1 

Total 

MO 

it 

IS 

81 

ST 

n 

t» 

18 

M 

88 

>1 

20 

B 

Oakland.... 

Moles 
Fe'i.. 

186 

its 

> 

7 
S 

s 
11 

13 

1.1 

14 

18 

10 

20 

:: 

» 

;: 

:: 

Total 

111 

« 

10 

n 

IS 

n 

12 

H 

u 

o— .... 

Fa'l.. 

6S 
Be- 

4 

a 

• 

e 
i 

10 

i 

8 

« 

! 

:: 

Total 

lli 

1 

1 

l 

4 

1 

4 

i 

Ontonagon. 

Males 
Fe'«- 

e 

10 

1 

1 

. 

. 

1 

1 

1 

(Total 

ts 

, 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

• 

4 

, 

4 

0«ceola...»J  MsIcf 

IB 

1 

1 

1 

• 

i 

■ 

2 

2 

I  Fe'i.. 

M 

1 

1 

8 

1 

* 

( 

Total 

m 

,| 

,7 

20 

85 

27 

28 

80 

ss 

78 

44 

25 

81 

Ottawa 

Malea 

1B0 

I 

It 

B 

26 

IT 

10 

11 
11 

14 
16 

81 
SS 

8S 

23 

II 

1G 

Frwque 
Isle  — • 

Total 
Males 
Fe'e. 

" 

i 

' 

t 

1 

, 

8 

'Total 

553 

28 

H 

81 

5S 

42 

28 

68 

T4 

SI 

41 

48 

M 

Ra^ina*-  ..»j  Hales 

821 

u 

1G 

M 

83 

n 

IS 

80 

B2 

30 

26 

25 

45 

"•••-■ 

IS) 

8 

11 

IT 

11 

IS 

S 

ts 

42 

21 

1> 

28 

21 

•  Except  □ 

to*nS 

lllpsr 

otr 

by 

MO 

doa 

hilo 

1812 

8e 

Kl 

Iblt 

H. 

DEATHS — BT  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,  AND  AGE.      235 

by  Sexj  by  Months,  and  by  Aye. 

Ages. 


ft* 
o 

a 
t> 

• 

o 

• 

O 
O 

• 

e 
c 

«•* 
IO 

o 

© 

0* 

* 

CO 

o 
o 

3 

o 

3 

« 

s 

3 

• 

o 

^« 

o 

i 

s 

c 

3 

3 

o 

2 

• 

o 
to 

c 

3 

o 

• 
o 

3 

• 

o 

O 
«•* 

e 
*- 

3 

• 
4) 

o 

a 
m 

3 

• 

o 
a 

M 

a 
P 

29 
15 
14 

1 

1 

2 
1 
1 

— 

8 
8 

•  ••  • 

6 
2 
8 

1 

•  *  m  m 

1 

4 
1 
8 

2 

1 
1 

1 
1 

2 
2 

1 
1 

1 
1 

•  •  •• 

2 
2 

8 
1 

t 

84 

86 

47 

1 

15 
9 
6 

7 

4 
8 

5 

24 
11 
18 

16 

8 

18 

10 
8 

7 

9 
8 
6 

10 
7 
8 

10 
5 
5 

18 
5 

8 

10 
5 
5 

18 

7 

11 

18 

10 

8 

15 

5 

10 

18 
7 
6 

19 

8 

11 

5 

4 
1 

68 
28 

80 

10 

5 
5 

2 
2 

5 
1 
4 

7 
I 
2 

5 
2 
8 

6 
1 
5 

6 
4 

2 

4 
8 
1 

4 

2 
2 

4 
8 
1 

2 
2 

1 
1 

5 
5 

1 
1 

1 

•  ••  • 

1 

2 

2 

4 
8 

1 

9 

m  ••*>  •» 

2 



1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

• 

1 

ft 

6 



2 

•  •  m  m 

1 

1 

■ 

18 

2 

1 
1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 
1 

•  ••  • 

•  *  m  m 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

*•»•• 

1 

12 

1 

6 

195 

109 

86 

21 

9 

12 

28 
15 

8 

14 

11 

8 

18 
9 
4 

18 
9 
9 

18 
6 

7 

19 

9 

10 

12 

4 
8 

10 

4 
6 

10 
7 
8 

10 
6 

4 

5 
1 

4 

10 
7 
8 

12 
6 
6 

6 

4 
2 

10 
7 
8 

5 

8 
2 

■ 

6 

2 

•>•*»»* 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

■ 

1 

5 

2 

260 
148 
107 

87 
20 

17 

21 

7 

11 

18 
10 

8 

24 
14 
10 

81 

17 
14 

20 
9 

11 

22 

17 
5 

20 
18 

7 

21 
16 

5 

19 

18 

6 

14 
8 
6 

11 
6 
5 

18 
9 
4 

9 

6 
8 

6 
8 
8 

6 
8 

8 

11 
T 

4 

236 


SIXTH  BEGISTBATION  BEPORT. 


TABLE  X, 

—Continued, 

► — Deaths  < 

by 

Counties, 

Sex. 

• 

00 
U 

• 

MOKTHS. 

COUNTIES. 

• 
OS 

p 
a 

• 

5 

E 

• 

as 
* 

U 
Pi 

< 

• 

* 

• 

a 

0 

• 

• 
OB 

s, 

53 

< 

• 

V 

B 
© 

Ok 
V 
QD 

m 

O 
O 

• 

o 
S 

> 
O 

• 

a 

• 

a 

* 

o 

a 

a 
S3 

Total 

144 

12 

12 

10 

12 

11 

6 

18 

18 

18 

9 

13 

15 

M  «• 

Sanilac • 

Males 

69 

4 

5 

5 

7 

8 

1 

9 

5 

7 

5 

7 

11 

Oft  o» 

.Fe's.. 

75 

8 

7 

5 

5 

8 

5 

9 

8 

6 

4 

6 

4 

— 

rTotal 

7 
6 
1 

*•  •• 



mmmm 

1 
1 

m  o*o»m 

1 
1 

8 
2 
1 

2 
2 

Schoolcraft  - 

Males 
Fe'a„ 

7 

Total 

167 

6 

10 

16 

11 

15 

11 

8 

17 

80 

20 

16 

•  0* 

Shiawassee  - 

Males 

89 

1 

6 

7 

4 

9 

7 

5 

7 

18 

18 

12 

5 

M  to 

Fe's.. 

78 

5 

4 

9 

7 

6 

4 

8 

10 

17 

7 

4 

2 

— 

Total 

442 

20 

18 

16 

88 

88 

45 

44 

61 

89 

89 

40 

58 

1 

St.  Clair.. ..- 

| 

Males 

Fe's.. 

284 
207 

U 
9 

5 
8 

8 
8 

17 
16 

17 
16 

24 
21 

25 
19 

84 
27 

28 
16 

22 

17 

20 
20 

27 
80 

1 

01  0» 

LUnk.. 

1 

1 

Total 

211 

16 

12 

18 

21 

15 

8 

16 

28 

80 

26 

20 

11 

«k  w 

St.  Joseph..- 

Males 

112 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

4 

8 

14 

20 

18 

18 

4 

«■«» 

.Fe's.. 

99 

10 

5 

6 

18 

7 

4 

8 

9 

10 

18 

7 

7 

— 

Total 

137 

8 

6 

8 

12 

9 

11 

12 

14 

19 

9 

18 

16 

—  — 

Tuscola.  ..»■ 

Males 

59 

2 

1 

1 

8 

8 

6 

8 

10 

11 

5 

6 

8 

*»■» 

.Fe's.. 

78 

6 

5 

7 

9 

6 

5 

9 

4 

8 

4 

7 

8 

— 

Total 

828 

21 

24 

24 

24 

10 

19 

27 

40 

46 

29 

23 

41 

«b   * 

Van  Baren.  • 

Males 

174 

9 

11 

12. 

12 

6 

11 

14 

22 

28 

15 

19 

15 

OK  M 

LFe's.. 

151 

12 

18 

12 

12 

4 

8 

18 

18 

18 

14 

4 

26 

— 

Washte- 
naw.. .»- 

Total 
Males 

866 
185 

21 
10 

26 
15 

87 

21 

87 

17 

23 

12 

20 
6 

26 
16 

41 
19 

40 
16 

21 
16 

86 
18 

88 
19 

2 

.Fe's.. 

1S1 

11 

11 

16 

20 

11 

14 

10 

22 

24 

8 

18 

14 

2 

a  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  deaths  in  1S72.    See  Exhibit  H. 


DEATHS— BY  COUNTIES,  SEX,  MONTHS,  AND  AGE.       237 

by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 


Ages. 


• 

to 

ft* 
V 

a 

• 

© 

O 

10 

• 

JO 

T-t 
O 

© 

1-H 

• 

© 
o 

US 

20  to  25. 

3 

o 
to 

04 

5 

• 

IO 

co 

o 

o 

00 

• 

© 

o 
<*■> 

w 
eo 

• 

VS 

o 

o 

o 
o 

3' 

o 

8 
4 

8 

3 

o 

3* 

o 

■ 

© 
o 

3 

• 

o 
o 

2 

75  to  80. 

09 

• 
V 

o 
d 

# 

o 
a 

•3 

68 

2 

11 

4 

8 

5 

2 

8 

2 

2 

8 

i 

87 

5 

.... 

8 

4 

8 

mm  mm 

8 

.... 

1 

2 

8 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

i 

81 

5 

2 

8 

5 

2 

4 

5 

5 

1 

2 



1 

1 

•  m  m  m 

2 

1 

... 

8 

•  ««■» 

1 
1 



1 
1 

M  M  «  M 

•  •  •  • 



1 
1 

1 
1 

3 

61 

8 

3 

16 

14 

5 

2 

8 

12 

4 

8 

5 

6 

6 

9 

1 

8 

i 

87 

8 

1 

6 

7 

8 

1 

.... 

6 

4 

5 

8 

4 

8 

5 

-.-_ 

1 

•  •  «B 

24 

5 

2 

14) 

7 

2 

1 

8 

6 

•  m  mm 

8 

2 

2 

8 

4 

1 

2 

1 

205 

40 

20 

16 

25 

14 

14 

17 

7 

6 

7 

12 

7 

15 

12 

7 

11 

7 

115 

19 

7 

7 

12 

7 

5 

6 

5 

4 

5 

16 

5 

7 

7 

4 

5 

4 

89 
1 

21 

18 

9 

18 

7 

9 

11 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

8 

5 

8 

6 

8 

55 

8 

8 

5 

19 

18 

8 

13 

9 

10 

11 

6 

9 

7 

14 

8 

7 

1 

32 

6 

4 

2 

8 

6 

4 

7 

4 

8 

8 

2 

7 

6 

7 

4 

1 

1 

28 

2 

4 

8 

11 

7 

4 

6 

5 

7 

3 

4 

2 

1 

7 

4 

6 

-- 

60 

5 

7 

4 

5 

10 

11 

8 

4 

8 

11 

1 

6 

1 

4 

1 

1 

... 

24 

1 

1 

.... 

2 

5 

5 

•  m  m  m 

4 

1 

8 

1 

5 

m  •  m  m 

2 

86 

4 

6 

4 

8 

5 

6 

3 



2 

8 



1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

— 

115 

22 

19 

16 

18 

11 

16 

18 

8 

9 

14 

8 

12 

10 

17 

6 

10 

4 

61 

14 

S 

9 

5 

7 

1 

10 

5 

4 

11 

4 

8 

6 

10 

4 

5 

2 

54 

8 

11 

7 

8 

4 

15 

8 

8 

5 

8 

4 

4 

4 

7 

2 

5 

2 

116 

22 

6 

15 

IS 

17 

11 

17 

15 

11 

18 

10 

18 

21 

15 

14 

15 

7 

CO 

9 

1 

6 

10 

4 

4 

6 

9 

6 

8 

8 

7 

12 

11 

9 

10 

5  ' 

56 

18 

5 

9 

8 

18 

i 

11 

6 

5 

10 

2 

11 

9 

4 

5 

5 

2 

238 


SIXTH  BEGISTBATIOK  BEPOBT. 


TABLE  X. — Continued. — Deaths  by  Counties, 


COUNTIES. 


Sex. 

• 

So 

^* 

hi 
«S 
9> 

MOHTHI 

i. 

• 
hi 

08 

a 
a 

08 

• 

►» 

hi 
CS 

a 
u 

•5 

• 

o 

t8 

• 

• 
08 

• 

a> 

a 

• 

"3 

• 

«0 

0 

a 

• 
hi 
V 

§ 

a. 

• 
hi 

o 

a 

o 

• 

hi 
« 

B 

lH 

*» 

* 

a 

«« 

s 

►» 

►» 

«« 

CD 

O 

B 

A 

a 

o 
a 

a 
P 


Wayne. 


f  Total 
Males 
Fe's.. 

1,761 

75 

111 

184 

145 

124 

97 

186 

218 

186 

162 

181 

196 

1,010 

42 

68 

75 

81 

68 

54 

107 

128 

118 

104 

74 

111 

746 

82 

48 

09 

64 

61 

42 

79 

90 

78 

58 

55 

84 

Unk.. 

5 

1 

1 

2 

1 

• 

Wexford.. » 


'Total 

21 

1 

8 

1 

2 

1 

.... 

2 

4 

.... 

8 

.... 

4 

Males 

10 

... 

2 

1 

1 

1 

. .  «• « 

.... 

1 

---. 

2 

2 

.Fe's.. 

11 

1 

1 

.... 

1 





2 

8 

m  m  m  • 

1 



2 

•  Except  of  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  deaths  in  1872.    See  Exhibit  H. 


DEATHS — BT    COUNTIES,   BEX,   MONTHS,   AND   AGE.         239 

by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Age. 


240 


8IXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XL — Deaths  in  Michigan  during  the  Year  1872, 
distinguishing  the  Color  by  Number  and  Proportion  of  each 
Sex,  and  by  Sex,  the  Per  Cent  of  Deaths  of  each  Color  to 
Total  of  All  Colors,  and  Per  Cent,  of  Inhabitants  of  each 
Color  to  Total  of  All  Colors,  June  1, 1870. 


COLOR. 

Sex. 

Number  of  Deaths  Re- 
turned. 

Per  Cent,  of  Each  Sex 
to  Total  of  Both  Sexes. 

• 

m 
o 

« 

s 

2 

« 

V 

* 

Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  of 
each  Color  to  Total  of 
all  Colors  by  Sex. 

Per  Ct.  of  Inhabitants 
of  each  Color  to  Total 
of  all  Colors  by  Sex, 
Jane  1, 1870. 

[Total-  .. 

Males 

Females... 
.  Unknown. . 
'Total. 

Males 

Females... 
.Unknown.. 
'Total 

Males 

Females... 
L  Unknown.. 

Total 

Males 

.Females... 

Total 

Males 

.Females... 

Total 

Males 

Females... 
.Unknown.. 

18,871 

T,182 

6,162 

27 

18,000 

6,979 

6,006 

15 

109 

68 

40 

1 

84 

21 

13 

148 

82 

61 

85 

82 

42 

11 

100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

100.09 

All  Colors..... - 

58.82 

46.18 

116.55 

100.00 

100.00 

97.28 
97.17 
97.47 

.82 
.94 
.65 

.25 
.29 
.22 
1.07 
1.14 
.99 
.64 
.45 
.68 

98.60 

White ■ 

58.75 
46.25 

116.20 

98.61 

98.59 
.47 

Black - 

62.96 
87.04 

170.00 

.49 
.44 

.53 

Mulatto - 

61.76 
8S.28 

161.54 

.51 

j 

.54 

.40 

( 

57.84 
42.66 

184.43 

.38 
.42 

0 

48.24 
56.76 

76.19 

Total 

Females ... 
Unknown.. 

143 

89 

53 

1 

1.07 

1.24 

.86 

.99 

Black  and  Mulatto \ 

62.68 
87.82 

167.92 

1.00 
.98 

\ 



DEATHS— BY  COLOR  AND  PROPORTION  OP  THE   SEXES.      241 

The  last  two  columns  of  Table  XL  enable  us  to  study  the 
relation  which  the  per  cent,  of  deaths  of  persons  of  each  color 
to  total  of  all  colors  bears  to  the  per  cent,  of  inhabitants  of 
each  color  to  total  of  all  colors.  The  proportion  of  white  per- 
sons is  less  among  the  decedents  than  among  the  inhabitants. 
It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  it  is  highly  probable  that 
nearly  all  the  decedents  whose  color  was  not  reported  were 
white.  This  will  increase  the  percentage  of  the  white  dece- 
dents somewhat,  still  leaving  it  less  than  that  of  the  white 
inhabitants.  It  is  also  possible  that  since  1870  the  proportion 
of  black  inhabitants  of  Michigan  has  been  increased,  which, 
if  true,  will  diminish  the  excess  of  the  proportion  of  black 
decedents  over  the  black  inhabitants.  After  these  allowances 
have  been  made,  it  is  probable  that  of  the  black  persons  and 
the  Indians  the  proportion  is  greater  among  the  decedents 
than  among  the  inhabitants.  The  death-rate  of  the  native- 
born  colored  inhabitants  in  the  United  States  during  the  year 
ending  June  1, 1870,  as  computed  from  the  Ninth  TL  S.  Cen- 
sus, V.  S.  Volume,  Table  VII.,  page  306,  and  Table  XXIX., 
page  648,  was  1.38  per  cent.;  and  the  death-rate  of  all  inhab- 
itants, as  computed  from  the  same  volume,  Table  IL,  page  6, 
and  Table  XXIIL,  page  560,  was  1.28  per  cent. 

Because  of  the  imperfect  distinction  between  black  and 
mulatto  persons,  it  is  requisite  that  the  two  classes  should  be, 
and  in  Table  XL  they  are,  grouped  together. 

The  compilation  of  deaths  by  races  by  diseases  would  afford 
opportunity  for  valuable  study  in  this  connection.  This  dis- 
tinction of  race  would  be  complicated  somewhat  by  the  differ- 
ent modes  of  life,  occupation,  etc.,  but  these  influences  could 
eventually  be  separately  determined. 
31 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION    REPORT. 


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DEATHS — BY  COLOR,  BY  COUNTIES,  AKD  BY  SEX.       243 


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DEATHS — BY  COLOR,  BY  COUNTIES,  AND  BY  SEX.        245 


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246  SIXTH  REG  1ST  RATI  OK  REPORT. 

DEATHS  BY  NATIVITY  AND  PARENT-NATIVITY  OF  DECEDENTS. 

It  has  been  asserted,  recklessly,  as  the  compiler  thinks,  that 
the  inhabitants  of  these  United  States  are  not  reproductively 
self-sustaining ;  that  the  population  would  decrease  except  for 
the  influx  of  foreigners  by  immigration.-  So  far  as  relates  to 
Michigan,  the  truth  on  this  point  can  probably  be  ascertained 
eventually  by  means  of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  State,  although 
not  without  considerable  labor,  and  as  yet  it  must  be  acknowl- 
edged the  data  therefor  are  not  as  perfect  and  certain  as  we 
could  wish.  Nevertheless  it  seems  important  that  an  attempt 
be  made,  if  only  to  show  how  desirable  it  is  that  the  constantly 
increasing  accuracy  of  our  statistics  be  maintained,  that  we 
may  thus  finally  reach  true  and  reliable  statements.  The  fol- 
lowing, until  Table  XIII.  is  reached,  is  therefore  offered,  not 
as  conclusive,  but  with  the  hope  that  it  may  be  found  suggest- 
ive, and  tending  to  lead  up  toward  the  truth  which  is  the 
object  of  the  search. 

Exhibit  6  is  a  Life  Table  for  males  in  Michigan,  wherein 
the  assumed  number  of  births  annually  is  the  number  of  male 
children  believed  to  have  been  born  of  native-born  mothers  in 
Michigan,  during  the  year  1872.  The  main  purpose  of  its 
construction  is  to  ascertain  the  constant  population  which 
that  number  of  annual  births  of  males  would  maintain  in 
Michigan  according  to  the  death-rate  believed  to  prevail 
among  males  in  this  State.  The  footing  of  the  column  headed 
"  Number  Living  at  beginning  of  each  Year  of  Age,"  shows 
that  the  constant  male  population  which  would  be  maintained 
by  that  number  of  births  of  males  annually  would  be  556,374. 
A  comparison  of  this  number  with  the  number  of  native-born 
male  inhabitants  of  Michigan,  June  1, 1870,  can  be  made,  and 
such  a  comparison  will  aid  in  forming  an  opinion  of  the  truth- 
fulness of  the  proposition  that  the  natural  increase  of  our 
native  inhabitants  by  births  is  sufficient  not  only  to  maintain, 
but  to  add  very  largely  to  our  male  population.  Turning  to 
page  46  of  this  Report,  it  may  be  seen  that  the  number  of 
native-born  male  inhabitants  of  Michigan,  June  1,  1870,  in 


DEATHS— BY  NATIVITY  AND  PARENT-NATIVITY.  247 

counties  and  townships  represented  by  returns  of  births  in 
1872,  was  465,386.  If  this  number  be  subtracted  from  the 
556,374  constant  male  population  that  would  be  maintained 
according  to  Exhibit  6,  it  appears  that,  the  male  population 
that  would  be  maintained  by  the  ma*e  births  of  native-born 
mothers  is  greater  by  90,988  individuals  than  the  male  popu- 
lation actually  found  in  1870,  in  that  part  of  Michigan  repre- 
sented by  births  in  1872,  resulting  from  all  births  in  this 
country,  of  native  and  of  foreign-born  parents.  If  the  foreign- 
born  males  be  added,  the  total  male  population  will  only  ex- 
ceed by  53,572  the  male  population  that,  according  to  Exhibit 
6,  would  be  maintained  by  the  males  born  of  the  native-born 
mothers  alone. 

If  556,374  represents  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  a  fixed 
population  maintained  by  12,560  annual  births,  a  computation 
shows  that,  by  the  same  death-rate,  in  order  to  maintain  the 
465,386  native  born  male  inhabitants  enumerated  in  the 
census  of  1870  in  that  part  of  Michigan  represented  by  births 
in  1872,  the  number  of  annual  births  required  would  be 
10,506.  It  is  perhaps  possible  to  form  some  approximate  idea 
of  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  which  these  supposed  10,506 
births  occurred.  If  so,  the  idea  includes  that  of  the  rate  of  the 
natural  growth  of  our  native  male  population,  and  conse- 
quently is  of  importance.  In  order  to  find  the  birth-rate  of  males 
to  native  male  inhabitants  we  may  first  learn  the  number  of 
native  male  inhabitants  in  1872  to  which  were  born  the  12,560 
males  in  that  year.  Multiplying  the  12,560  births  by  100  and 
dividing  by  the  465,386  native  male  inhabitants  Jane  1, 1870, 
it  is  found  that  the  per  cent,  of  births  is  2.697.  By  the  Life 
Table  VII.,  page  200,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  death-rate  of  males 
in  Michigan  is  there  shown  to  be  1.73  per  cent,  of  the  inhabit- 
ants. If  we  subtract  1.73  from  2.70,  the  difference  is  .97  per 
cent.,  representing  the  annual  increase,  per  centum.  This  is  a 
little  too  large,  because  we  have  used  the  population  June  1, 
1870,  instead  of  June  1, 1872  as  should  have  been  done  if  it 
were  possible.    If  now  we  increase  the  native  male  population 


248  SIXTH  REGISTRATION   REPORT. 

June  1, 1870,  by  .97  per  cent,  for  the  year  1871,  and  again  by 
the  same  per  cent,  to  find  the  probable  native  male  population 
June  1, 1872,  the  number  appears  to  be  474,468;  making  a 
little  allowance  for  too  large  per  cent,  of  increase,  say  474,000. 
The  12,560  estimated  births  of  males  is  found  to  be  2.65  per 
cent,  of  that  population.  Subtracting  the  1.73  per  cent,  death- 
rate  from  this,  it  leaves  .92  per  cent,  as  the  annual  rate  of 
increase,  instead  of  .97  as  found  by  using  the  population  enu- 
merated in  1870.  If  the  10,506  annual  births  which  resulted 
in  the  465,386  native  males  June  1,  1870,  were,  as  just  esti- 
mated, 2.65  per  cent,  of  the  native  male  inhabitants  at  that 
time,  then  such  inhabitants  then  numbered  396,453,  which  is 
68,933  less  than  the  number  in  1870.  It  does  not  necessarily 
follow  that  these  all  resided  in  this  State  at  that  time.  Some 
of  the  465,386  in  1870  moved  into  the  State  after  their  birth. 
Just  how  far  back  in  time  this  previous  generation  existed 
may  be  estimated  by  means  of  the  estimated  rate  of  annual 
increase.  Beginning  with  396,453  aud  increasing  it  annually 
by  .92  per  cent.,  it  appears  that  in  seventeen  years  the  inhabit- 
ants would  equal  463,236,  and  in  eighteen  years  would  equal 
467,499,  indicating  that  the  68,933  increase  in  the  native  male 
inhabitants  has  been  accomplished  in  about  seventeen  and 
one-half  years, — between  the  years  1852  and  June  1, 1870. 
Beginning  with  the  474,000  estimated  native  male  inhabitants 
in  1872,  and  increasing  it  annually  by  .92  per  cent.,  it  is  found 
that  in  seventeen  years  the  inhabitants  would  equal  553,840, 
and  in  eighteen  years,  558,935.  The  constant  number  of 
inhabitants  maintained,  according  to  Exhibit  6,  by  the  12,560 
male  children  believed  to  have  been  born  in  1872  of  the  native- 
born  mothers  in  Michigan,  was  556,374.  This  is  82,374  more 
than  the  474,000  in  1872,  and  by  the  above  computation  it 
appears  that  it  would  be  reached  in  about  seventeen  and  one- 
half  years.  By  turning  to  the  beginning  of  the  Life  Table, 
page  196,  it  may  be  seen  that  the  average  length  of  a  genera- 
tion of  males  in  Michigan,  according  to  the  best  evidence  yet 


DEATHS— BY  NATIVITY  AND  PARENT-NATIVITY.  249 

available,  is  43.79  years,  although  at  birth  a  male  may  in  this 
State  reasonably  be  expected  to  live  53.05  years. 

Without  going  to  the  trouble  and  great  labor  of  computing 
another  Life  Table  to  show  the  constant  female  population 
maintained  by  the  female  children  believed  to  have  been  born 
of  native  mothers  in  Michigan  in  1872,  this  may  be  arrived  at 
with  sufficient  accuracy  by  means  of  proportion.  The  number 
of  such  female  children  born  in  1872  is  believed  to  have  been 
11,760.  According  to  the  Life  Table  VII.,  pages  196-200,  the 
constant  female  population  maintained  by  141,731  annual 
births  in  Michigan  is  6,341,543. 

Then,  141,731:  11,760  ::  6,341,543:  x,  and  x  is  found  to 
equal  526,183.  This  is  the  native  female  population  that 
would  be  maintained  by  11,760  annual  births  continued  year 
after  year,  and  11,760  is  the  number  of  female  children  be- 
lieved to  have  been  born  of  native-born  mothers  in  1872. 

Turning  to  page  46  of  this  Report  we  find  that  the  native 
female  inhabitants  of  counties  and  townships  of  Michigan  rep- 
resented by  returns  of  births  in  1872  appear  to  have  been,  in 
1870,  443,239,  and  this  is  82,944  less  than  it  appears  above 
would  be  maintained  by  such  a  number  of  births  annually  as 
is  believed  to  have  occurred  in  1872  of  native-born  mothers 
alone.  The  subject  might  be  continued,  and  studied  in  the 
manner  suggested  in  connection  with  the  male  children,  but 
it  is  believed  that  enough  has  been  stated  to  enable  those  suffi- 
ciently interested  to  continue  the  study  if  they  choose. 

It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  among  the  native-born  inhabit- 
ants of  counties  and  townships  in  Michigan  represented  by 
returns  of  births  in  1872,  the  relation  of  the  sexes  is  almost 
precisely  the  same  as  it  appears  would  exist  between  them  in 
such  a  population  as  by  the  Life  Tables  of  males  and  females 
in  this  State  would  be  maintained  by  births  the  same  as  the 
births  believed  to  have  occurred  of  native  mothers  in  1872. 
The  inhabitants  were:  males,  465,386;  females,  443,239 ;  the 
females  being  95.24  per  cent,  of  the  males.  The  population 
resulting  from  the  births  of  12,560  males  and  11,760  females 
would,  according  to  the  tables,  be:  males,  556,374;  females, 
526,183  ;  the  females  being  94.57  per  cent,  of  the  males. 

32 


250 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  6. — A  Lift  Table,  for  Males,  Constructed  upon 
the  basis  of  the  Death-rate  in  Michigan  during  the  year 
1870,  as  Computed  after  Equalizing  the  Male  Population 
represented  ly  Deaths,  and  Correcting  the  Deaths  for  omis- 
sions because  of  time  before  enumeration;  calculated  upon 
the  assumed  number  of  12,560  Males  born  of  Native-born 
Mothers.* 


Death-rate.    Number  of 
Deaths  to  100  Living. 

Or  12,560  Bobn: 

C 
S 

a 

O 

it 

Death-rate.    Nomber  of 
Deaths  to  100  Living. 

Or  12,560  Born  : 

• 

go 
* 

a 

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be 
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tag 

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tag 

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ft'" 

0 

— 1 

1 

2 

8 

4 

5 

6  , 

7 

8 

9 

10, 
11 
12 

18 

14 

15 

16  , 
17...    . 
18 
19... 

20 

21 

16.91 

5.62 

2.98 

2.27 

1.40 

1.17 

.85 

.69 

.67 

.54 

.66 

.40 

.52 

.40 

'.41 

.89 

.42 

.57 

.47 

.88 

.69 

1.05 

12,560 
10,486 
9,849 
9,555 
9.838 
9,207 
9,099 
9,022 
8,969 
8,909 
8,861 
8,811 
8,776 
8,780 
8,695 
8,659 
8,625 
8,589 
8,540 
8,500 
8,425 
8,867 

2,124 

687 

294 

217 

181 

108 

77 

63 

60 

48 

60 

85 

46 

85 

86 

84 

86 

49 

40 

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58 

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22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

80 

81 

82 

88 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88. 

89 

40 

41 

42   .. 
48 

.78 
.78 
.66 
.61 
.69 
.64 
.67 
.68 
.69 
.63 
.89 
.71 
.62 
.82 
.61 
.68 

1.00 
.68 
.92 
.64 
.98 

1.08 

8,279 
8,219 
8,155 
8,101 
8,052 
7,996 
7,945 
7,892 
7,842 
7,796 
7,747 
7,678 
7,628 
7,576 
7,514 
7,468 
7,421 
7,847 
7,801 
7,284 
7,t88 
7,121 

60 
64 
54 

49 
66 
51 
68 
60 
46 
49 
69 
55 
47 

«*, 
46 

47 

74 

46 

67 

46 

67 

77 

*  The  number  of  male  childron  returned  as  having  been  born  in  Michigan  in  1872  of 
native-born  mothers  was  8.060.  See  page  44  of  this  Report.  If  this  number  be  in- 
creased by  55.83  per  cent,  it  equals  12,56)— the  number  used  in  this  table,  and  the 
Srobable  number  of  such  birth.-,  although  the  figures  for  per  cent,  of  increase  might 
ave  been  55.74  instead  of  55.83.  For  methods  of  correction  of  births  for  1S72,  see 
pages  9-15  of  this  Report. 


LIFE  TABLE  FOB  MALES  BORN  OF  NATIVE  MOTHERS.         251 

EXHIBIT  6.— Continued. 

0»1J,M*Bobw: 


6,810 
«,13i 

!,»S 
t,49>    " 

e,4oa 

(,2SS 


B.51B 
6,113    * 


8,5W  _ 
3,483  ~ 
B,06S    I 


SB.M 


Or  15,530  Bonn : 

51 

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a.aso 

SOI 

B.SB5 

sto 

2,4!G 

!1S 

1,190 

SW 

252 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  6.— Continued. 


Death-rate.    Nnmber  of 
Deaths  to  100  Living. 

Of  12,560  Bonn: 

• 
«D 

t 

a 

o 

bo 

< 

Death-rate.    Nnmber  of 
Deaths  to  100  Living. 

Or  12,560  Borne  r 

• 

oti 

s 

fefl 

< 

Nnmber  Living  at 
beginning  of  each 
Tear  of  Age. 

Number  Dying  at 
Bach  Age. 

Number  Living  at 
beginning  of  each 
Tear  of  Age. 

Number  Dying  at 
each  Age. 

104 

105 

106 

28.78 
29.48 
80.07 
80.72 
81.87 
82.02 

6 
4 
8 
2 

1 
1 

2 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 

110 

111 

112     . , . 

82.67 

66.88 

100.00 

1 
1 

0 
1 

10T 

108 

109 

All  Ages 

1.78 

556,874 

For  remarks  on  Exhibit  6,  see  pages  246-249  of  this  Report. 


DEATHS— BY  COOHTIEB,  NATIVITY,  AND  BEX.  253 

TABLE  XIH— Exhibiting,  by  Number  and  by  Sex,  for  the 
State  and  Counties,  the  Nativity  of  all  returned  as  having 
died  in  Michigan  durina  the  year  ending  December  SI,  1872. 


AlCOD.    ...  . 

1! 

a 

All£«in 

883 

4111 

Alpeni. 

19 

12 

Antrim 

83 

18 

Bsrrj 

203 

98 

: 

Benzie 

76 

41 

Berrien 

44* 

541 

i 

Branch. 

801 

194 

1 

an 

181 

1 

88 

34 

18 

Charlevoix... 

Cheboifinn... 

It 

IB 

Chlppem 

81 

11 

CltM. 

6 

5 

258 

141 

] 

«.». 

IBS 

185 

, 

sa 

29 

Genesee. 

in 

145 

1 

Or.  Tnverie. 

T4 

31 

Gratiot 

in 

69 

Hillsdale 

381 

181 

l 

Houghton 

199 

T9 

Huron- 

118 

66 

SOS 

15a 

1 

802 
15 
11 

IBi 

58 
891 

sn 

MM 

11 
13 

us 

1 

160 

149 

153 
77 
IT 
6 
18 

5 

15 
184 
111 
151 
64 
18 
S 
5 

104 

1 
1 

- 

1 

5 
8 

!7 
t 

14 

19 
t 
2 
3 

T 

8 

1 
8 

1 

12 
■ 
10 
10 
6 
6 

8 

| 

> 

85 

5 

ID 

T 
I 

I 

1 
161 
8 

i 

3 
3 
8 

8 

181 
68 

ies 

191 
105 

218 

110 
25 

88 
140 

49 
185 

48 
80 

135 

8 

84 
* 

21 

25 

*> 
19 

19 

14 

It 

15 

1 
15 
8 
1 
8 

17 

1 
4 

1 

1 

5 
11 

•  No  returns  or  deaths  to  this  Deportment. 


SIXTH  BEGISTBATION  BEPOBT. 


TABLE  XIII.— Continued. 


All.  JfiHVITIIS. 

KiTITB. 

FosneM. 

UmtrowN. 

COUNTIES. 

s" 

i 

£ 

t 

J 

i 

i 

i 

1 

a 

p 

8 

1 

1 

i 

1 

3 

i 

i 

i 

ion* 

BM 

159 

1    " 

ire 

144 

189 

15 

lOKO 

H 

19 

BO 

18 

IT 

1 

IiabelJi 

49 

S6 

46 

24 

22 

Jackson 

Ht 

199 

1 

824 

ITS 

in 

28 

Kalamiwo  .. 

ess 

192 

1 

266 

152 

124 

28 

Kalkaska.. _. 

si 

10 

n 

1 

10 

8 

Kent 

MT 

tat 

! 

isa 

m 

236 

47 

Keweenaw 

M 

26 

16 

M 

4 

IS 

Like 

• 

219 

* 

105 

, 

Hi 

89 

68 

1 

Leelunaw 

n 

83 

56 

» 

81 

11 

892 

168 

1 

821 

151 

160 

19 

LiTingston... 

IBB 

re 

118 

eo 

5S 

1! 

Macomb 

181 

10! 

IBS 

61 

N 

18 

Manistee 

101 

63 

66 

44 

42 

19 

Manitou 

• 

1 

8 

1 

2 

Marquette-.. 

293 

us 

1 

201 

97 

104 

m 

Mason 

65 

SB 

4T 

24 

S3 

* 

Mecosta. 

51 

ae 

43 

W 

SI 

t 

Menominee.. 

IS 

14 

17 

u 

a 

i 

Midland 

n 

30 

67 

■8 

28 

I 

MUsaotee... 

B 

4 

6 

8 

9 

111 

93 

156 

Tt 

60 

8 

Montcalm..... 

(IT 

112 

1< 

!01 

99 

102 

12 

Mnskegon  ... 

in 

90 

182 

67 

55 

22 

Newaygo 

M 

8B 

60 

27 

S3 

■ 

Oakland 

SOD 

136 

1 

247 

106 

136 

24 
» 

Ontonagon... 

IS 

5 

11 

8 

3 

1 

ss 

16 

2S 

IS 

9 

* 

is  ot  dealbs  to  tb!s  Department. 


DEATHS—BY  COUNTIES,  NATIVITY.  AND  SEX. 


255 


TABLE  XIII.— Continued. 


[All  Natiyitiks. 

Native. 

FoeSign. 

Unknown. 

COUNTIES. 

• 

3 
o 

• 

m 

V 

• 

m 
e 

"3 

§ 

• 

o 

P 
M 

& 

« 

o 

• 

at 

• 
00 
V 

•3 

1 

• 

a 

* 

o 
o 

M 

a 

• 

o 

• 
CO 

*3 
3 

• 

m 

• 

o 

8 
"3 
X 

• 

m 
o 

-3 
1 

Ottawa. 

406 

226 

180 

•  •*• 

805 

168 

187 

•  m  •  • 

90 

52 

88 

11 

6 

5 

Presque  Isle. 

11 

4 

7 

.... 

7 

2 

5 

M  MM  V 

4 

2 

2 

Saginaw 

558 

821 

282 

.... 

408 

229 

1T9 

•  M  MM 

187 

84 

58 

8 

8 

.... 

144 

69 

75 

M  M  M  M 

89 

48 

46 

•  MM  M 

52 

24 

28 

8 

2 

1 

Schoolcraft.. 

7 
167 

6 
69 

1 

78 

mmmm 

5 
148 

4 
72 

1 
71 

2 
4 

2 

2 

Shiawassee .. 

M  M  M  M 

20 

15 

5 

2 

St.  Clair 

442 

284 

207 

1 

819 

168 

.  150 

1 

110 

60 

50 

18 

6 

7 

St  Joseph... 

■   _ 

211 

112 

99 

mmmm 

187 

98 

89 

.... 

20 

18 

7 

• 

4 

1 

8 

m  -CO 

Tuscola 

187 

69 

78 

.... 

111 

46 

65 

.... 

24 

18 

11 

2 

MMMM 

2 

Van  Buren 

828 

174 

154 

.... 

800 

157 

148 

.... 

21 

18 

8 

7 

4 

8 

Washtenaw.. 

866 

185 

181 

.... 

284 

140 

144 

m  ^m  m 

68 

88 

80 

14 

7 

7 

1761 

1010 

746 

5 

1197 

651 

541 

5 

481 

275 

156 

188 

84 

49 

Wexford 

21 

10 

11 



17 

9 

8 

mmmm 

8 

1 

2 

1 



1 

CAUSES   OF    DEATH. 


The  same  classification  of  causes  of  death  is  adopted  in  this 
as  in  former  Reports  in  this  State,  being  the  same  as  that  used 
in  Massachusetts  and  some  other  States,  and  as  employed  by 
the  Registrar-General  of  England.  A  change  would  make  it 
difficult  to  compare  classes  for  the  different  years  and  for 
different  States.  Table  XIV.  exhibits  the  number  of  deaths 
from  all  causes  and  from  each  class  of  causes,  and  the  per 
cent,  of  deaths  from  each  class  of  causes  to  deaths  from  all 
causes,  for  each  of  the  years  1869,  1870,  1871,  and  1872.  It 
will  be  seen  that  Class  I. — Zymotic  Diseases — shows  the  great- 
est proportion  of  deaths  in  each  year,  while  in  1872  its  number 
and  proportion  is  greater  than  in  any  of  the  other  years,  1870 
being  nearest  it,  and  1869  showing  nearly  the  same  proportion 


256 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


as  1871.  Class  III. — Local  Diseases — shows  the  next  highest 
proportion  of  deaths  in  each  year,  1872  being  in  excess  of 
each  of  the  other  years,  1871  next  in  order,  and  1869  being 
nearly  the  same  as  1870.  The  proportion  of  the  unknown 
and  unclassified  has  been  decreasing  in  proportion  every  year, — 
a  hopeful  feature  in  the  work  of  collecting  these  statistics. 

TABLE  XIV. — Number  of  Deaths  in  Michigan  from  all 
Causes,  and  from  each  Class  of  causes,  and  Per  Cent,  of 
Deaths  from  each  Class  of  Causes  to  Deaths  from  all 
Causes,  for  each  of  the  Years  1869, 1870, 1871,  and  1872. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH- 
CLASSES. 


All  causes 

I.— Zymotic  Diseases 

II.— Constitutional  Diseases .. 

in.— Local  Diseases 

IV.— Developmental  Diseases . 

V.— Violent  Deaths 

Unknown  and  Unclassified 


Michigan  for 
the  Year 

1869. 


u 

s 


9,145 
2,518 
1,784 
2,884 

814 

468 

1,282 


c 
t-  o 


the  Year 

1S7U. 


Michigan  for  Michigan  for 


LOO.00 
27.47 
18.96 
25.52 
8.90 
5.11 
14.01 


s 

3 


10,766 
8,429 
2,072 
2,699 
8*0 
495 
1,281 


8_- 

u  O 


100.00 
81.85 
19.24 
25.06 
7.80 
4.59 
11.48 


the  Year 
1S71. 


I* 
o 

a 

a 
tz 


9,728 
2,642 
1,852 
2,619 
1,002 
589 
1,074 


100.00 
27.16 
19.04 
26.92 
10.80 
5.54 
11.04 


Michigan  for 

the  Year 

1S72. 


»4 

.a 

S 

a 

{25 


18,871 
4,899 
2,146 
8,762 
1,068 
541 
1,460 


o 


8_- 

U  O 


100.00 
82.90 
16.05 
28.14 
7.94 
4.04 
10.93 


DIAGRAM   NO.  4. 

Deaths  in  Michigan  in  1871: — Exhibiting  the  number  in  each  Month,  I 
from  each  Class  of  Causes,  and  from  all  Cat —  ' 


"lis     4 


1700 
1600 

IJOO 

1400 

IJOO 

i»oo 


Designed  by  Henry  B.  Baker, 


DEATHS— BY  CLxYSSES,  BY  MOKTHS. 


259 


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260 


SIXTH   BEGISTRATION  BEPORT. 


Exhibit  7  is  a  new  one,  and  shows  the  relation  of  the  several 
classes  of  causes  of  death  to  the  season  of  year  by  months. 
Classes  IL,  IV.,  and  V.  do  not  differ  greatly  in  this  relation, 
and  Class  III.  does  not  differ  very  greatly  from  these;  but 
Class  I.  sustains  quite  different  relations.  The  study  is  ren- 
dered much  easier  by  an  examination  of  Diagram  No.  4,  which 
has  been  suggested  by  Mr.  Louis  DeLamarter,  of  the  State 
Department,  and  which  graphically  represents  the  data  con- 
tained in  Exhibit  7.  Class  I.  represents  the  largest  number  of 
deaths  of  any  dass,  and  to  some  extent  decides  the  relation  of 
total  deaths  to  the  months,  although  the  rise  in  April  seems 
to  be  largely  due  to  the  local  diseases — Class  III. — and  in 
December  to  the  constitutional  and  local  diseases — Classes  IL 
and  III.  By  examining  the  Diagram  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
variation  by  months  is  mostly  confined  to  the  diseases  classed 
as  Zymotic  and  Local.  Just  what  diseases  are  so  classed  can  be 
seen  by  referring  to  Table  XVI. 

EXHIBIT  8. — Order  of  Succession,  and  Number  of  Deaths 
from  each,  of  Five    Groups  of  Causes  of  Death  for  the 
Tears  1869, 1870, 1871,  and  1872,  in  Michigan. 


H 
Q 
K 

O 
1 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

Lung  dis's.. 

1,861 

Lung  dis's.. 

2,094 

Lung  dis's.. 

2,018 

Lang  dis's.. 

2,441 

2 

Bowel  die's. 

1,821 

Bowel  dis's. 

1,858 

Bowel  dis's. 

1,158 

Bowel  dis's. 

2,278 

8 

Brain  die's.. 

995 

Brain  dis's.. 

1,188 

Brain  dis's.. 

1,094 

Brain  die's.. 

1,779 

4 

Heart  die's.. 

276 

Heart  dis's.. 

816 

Throat  dis's. 

298 

Throat  dis*s. 

891 

5 

Throat  dis's. 

220 

Throat  dis's. 

272 

Heart  dis's.. 

294 

Heart  dis's.. 

878 

Exhibit  8  is  a  new  one,  designed  to  show  by  years  the  rela- 
tion which  each  of  five  groups  of  causes  of  death  bear  to  each 
other.  The  grouping  is  not  in  accordance  with  previous  sys- 
tems of  classification,  but  by  part  of  body  affected,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  it  may  prove  of  interest  when  modified  to  combine 
with  localities,  months,  etc.,  and  eventually  tend  to  advance 
our  knowledge  of  the  relations  of  diseases  to  localities,  seasons, 
and  years. 


DEATHS — GEOGRAPHICAL  DIVISIONS. 


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263 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION    REPORT. 


TABLE  XV. — Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  each  of  Eleven 
Geographical  Divisions  of  the  State,  the  Population  Jane  1, 
1870;  the  Number  of  Deaths  and  the  Per  Gent,  of  Deaths 
for  each  Division  to  Total  Deaths  for  the  State  during  the 
year  1872 ;  the  Per  Gent,  of  Deaths  in  1872  to  Population 
June  1, 1870  ;  also  the  Per  Gent,  of  Deaths  from  each  Glass 
of  Causes  to  Deaths  from  all  Causes. 


a 

Deaths  1S72. 

Deaths 
[ilation 

PjbrCknt.  of  Deaths  from  each  Class 

or  Causes  to  Deaths  prom  all  Causes, 

bt  Geographical  Divisions. 

STATE 

AND 

GEOGRAPH- 
ICAL 
DIVISIONS.* 

Population    Ji 
1870.  b 

• 

o 
B 

0 

5 

Per  Cent  oi 
Total. 

Per  Cent  of  all 
in  1872  to  Popi 
in  1870.  b 

Class  I. 
Zymotic  Dis- 
eases. 

Class  II. 

Constitutional 

Diseases. 

Class  III. 
Local  Diseases. 

Class  IV. 

Developmental 

Diseases. 

Class  V. 
Violent  Deaths 

Unknown  and 
Unclassified. 

State 

1,158,055 

18,871 

100.00 

1.15 

82.89 

16.05 

28.14 

7.95 

4.04 

10.92 

Up.  Peninsula.. 

86,502 

582 

8.98 

1.46 

29.51 

10.71 

21.99 

6.95 

8.88 

21.99 

Northwestern.. 

17,658 

860 

2.69 

2.04 

58.05 

11.67 

16.89 

8.61 

5.56 

9.72 

7,850 

144 

1.08 

1.96 

41.66 

12.50 

15.28 

5.56 

4.86 

20.14 

Northeastern... 

6,825 

86 

.64 

1.86 

51.16 

15.12 

9.80 

5.S1 

8.14 

10.47 

Western-. 

103,147 

1,420 

10.62 

1.81 

86.62 

14.01 

25.49 

9.28 

4.80 

10.85 

North.  Central. 

12,607 

181 

1.85 

1.44 

86.46 

14.92 

25.41 

5.52 

8.87 

18.81 

221,476 

2,297 

17.17 

1.04 

80.91 

16.50 

81.74 

7.88 

8.66 

9.81 

Bay  <fc  Eastern- 

149,778 

1,971 

14.74 

1.82 

84.40 

18.70 

26.08 

8.87 

4.72 

12.78 

Southwestern.. 

116,881 

1,809 

9.78 

1.18 

80.56 

16.85 

82.77 

7.08 

8.18 

10.16 

South.  Central. 

274,648 

2,682 

19.68 

.96 

81.27 

19.11 

80.97 

6.65 

8.28 

8.81 

Southeastern... 

207,229 

2,489 

18.24 

1.18 

80.75 

17.88 

27.14 

10.09 

8.65 

10.99 

»  For  counties  included  in  each  division,  see  Exhibit  J. 

b  Except  of  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  deaths  in  1S72  were 
received,  for  population  of  which  see  Exhibit  H. 

Note.— The  number  of  inhabitants  deducted  from  the  population  of  the  State  for 
delinquent  townships,  as  shown  in  Exhibit  H,  is  probably  too  large,  because  in  some 
of  the  delinquent  townships  it  is  probable  no  deaths  occurred,  but  the  Supervisors 
neglected  to  make  an  official  return  stating  that  fact. 

In  noting  that  the  relation  of  deaths  returned  to  the  popu- 
lation is  1.15  per  cent,  in  1872,  for  the  entire  State,  when  in 
1871  it  was  .85  per  cent.,  it  should  be  remembered  that  while 
the  inhabitants  have  increased  in  number  no  new  enumeration 
was  made,  so  that  the  deaths  in  an  increased  population  are 
placed  in  relation  with  the  population  enumerated  in  1870. 
This  will  make  most  difference  with  those  Divisions  in  which 


DEATHS — BY  GEOGRAPHICAL  DIVISION'S—  PERCENTAGES.    263 

the  increase  has  been  greatest,  and  probably  has  some  influ- 
ence in  the  Northwestern  Division,  where  in  1872  the  per  cent, 
is  2.04,  when  in  1870  it  was  .964, — less  than  one-half  as  great 
There  are  too  many  varying  conditions  to  render  it  possible 
yet  to  make  exact  comparisons  of  the  several  Divisions,  but  it 
is  believed  that  after  a  series  of  years  the  material  in  Table 
XV.  can  be  so  compared  with  the  population  as  to  gain  valu- 
able evidence,  as  another  census  will  render  it  possible  to  esti- 
mate approximately  the  gain  in  population  in  the  several 
Divisions. 


264 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


H 
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o 

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350 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  9.— The  Deaths  in  Michigan  in  1872  Compiled  in 

Table  XVII.  as  "Casually." 


CAUSES  AS  RETURNED. 

*2  vi 

.  •«• 
O  «J 

175 

2 
10 

0 
49 

1 

21 

CAUSES  AS  RETURNED. 

Total  number  tabulated  as  Casu-  ) 
alty  in  Table  XVII J 

Hurt  in  back 

Killed  by  machinery.. _ 

Killed  by  engine 

Killed  on  timber  rollway— accidental 

Killed  by  wagon 

Internal  injury 

2 

Accident.. 

Accidentally  run  over  by  a  wagon.. 

r^flQimif  v 

Load  of  lumber  fell  on  him 

Supposed  to  be  killed  by  kick  of  f 

Injuries  received  in  saw-mill 

Hurt  by  a  bull.. 

Injured  in  lumber  wood?— 

Killed  by  stick  of  timber  falling.... 

Tfnrt  in  mill 

Hooked  by  a  eteer 

\no\t\fT\tst\      hrnfrpn   limit 

Explosion  of  steam  engine 

Af»Piripnt  In  ynfll 

Killed  by  a  tree 

Killed  in  mine 

12 

Hooked  by  a  cow 

P!fltiHf>fl  bv  a  Ino* 

• 

Killed  in  the  woods 

Effects   of  log   rolling   over   and) 
Killed  by  a  log  rolling  on  him  . , 

Accident  in  mine— powder .. 

Explosion  of  nitro-glycerine 

Killed 

11 

ArrffJpnffll  fnlla 

Broke  neck  by  a  fall 

Killed  by  a  horse 

Hurt  inwardly  by  lifting 

Smothered  by  caving  of  well 

Hurt  by  jumping  off  cars 

Accidental  blow  from  an  ax 

Accidentally  fell  into  a  well 

Killed  in  well  by  tub  falling  on  him 
Thrown  from  a  wagon 

Broken  neck 

Run  over  by  team 

Accidentally  shot  by  cannon 

Killed  by  sawing  machine 

Killed  by  team 

'Accident— neck  broken  by  falling  » 
plank f 

•  Inclndes  "Pall  from  chair,"  "Down  cellar,"  "On  the  ice,"  "In  barn,"  "Off 
wagon,"  etc. 


CAUSES   OF   DEATH — CANCER. 


351 


In  Table  XVIL,  six  more  columns  have  been  added,  specify- 
ing the  age  by  periods  of  five  years,  instead  of  ten  years  as  here- 
tofore done,  between  the  ages  of  twenty  and  eighty  years.  The 
table  is  also  increased  in  length,  because  of  more  specific 
statements  of  the  causes  of  death.  In  order  not  to  make  the 
table  unnecessarily  long,  certain  specified  causes  have  been 
grouped  together  and  so  tabulated.  Thus  175  deaths  in  1872 
have  been  grouped  and  appear  in  the  table  opposite  "Casualty." 
Inasmuch  as  the  publication  of  the  specific  causes  of  these 
deaths  may  tend  to  reduce  their  frequency,  by  causing  a 
proper  sense  of  the  danger  under  certain  circumstances,  they 
are  published  in  the  new  Exhibit  9,  in  a  way  to  take  up  less 
room  than  in  Table  XVIL,  and  at  the  same  time  state  promi- 
nently each  cause  as  returned. 

EXHIBIT  10. — Deaths  from  Cancer,  in  Michigan,  during  the 

Year  1872. 


AS  RETURNED. 

• 

"3 

SS 

19 
2 

• 
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<y 

S 
b 

5 
8 

1 
19 

8 

1 
2 

AS  RETURNED. 

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03 

a 

i 
i 
i 

« 

o 

»— I 

08 

i 

Cancer  in  Stomach .. 

Cancer  on  Hip 

Cancer  of  Month .......... 

Cancer  of  Chest 

Cancer  on  Side........ . 

Cancer  of  Throat 

2 

Cancer  in  Ribs 

1 

Cancer  of  Womb................ 

Total  Specified 

82 

9S 
ISO 

Pnnf,*r  nn  T.otr 

1 
8 

42 

Cancer  on  Livcr..^... ............ 

11  Corrhosis,  or  Head  Cancer," 
(Schirrhus,  or  Hard  Cancer  ?).. 

Cancer  (unspecified) 

Cancer  of  the  Rectum 

I 

2 
2 

18 

Cancer  of  Bowels 

Cancer  of  Face 

Ajrsrrecrate ............... 

56 

Exhibit  10  gives  some  details  which  would  take  up  too 
much  room  to  specify  in  Table  XVIL  In  females,  the  breast 
seems  to  be  the  part  most  frequently  affected  in  deaths 
returned  from  cancer;  and  so  far  as  indicated  by  the  returns, 
the  stomach  is  the  part  most  frequently  so  affected  in  males, 
although  the  evidence  is  not  as  good  as  it  would  be  if  the 
part  affected  was  stated  in  every  case. 


L 


352 


SIXTH   KEGI3TBATI02S"  KEPORT. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Order  of  Succession  of  Fifteen  Principal 
Causes  of  Death,  exhibiting  for  each  Specified  Cause,  by  Sex, 
the  Number  of  Deaths,  and  Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from  each 
Cause  to  Deaths  from  all  Causes,  for  the  year  ending  De- 
cember 31, 1872. 


B 

H 

a 

O 


6 

7 

S 

9 

10 

11 

12 

18 

14 

15 


SPECIFIED  CAUSES. 


Consumption 

Pneumonia 

Fever,  Typhoid 

Scarlet  Fever 

Dysentery. » 

Diarrhea - b 

Old  Age 

Cholera  Infantum. 

Brain,  Inflammation  of. 

Small-pox 

Heart  Disease 

Bowels,  Inflammation  of. 

Childbirth 

Dropsy 

Diphtheria 


Number  of  Deaths. 


o 


Total 

All  Canses. 


1,467 
641 
620 
561 
456 

e  487 
400 

«894 
880 
802 
801 
284 
218 
217 
192 


«  6,770 
•  18,871 


720 
892 
840 
289 
246 
259 
187 
221 
182 
172 
155 
105 


98 
85 


8,451 


HI 

o 

s 

« 


747 
249 
2S0 
272 
210 
177 
218 
172 
148 
180 
146 
129 
21S 
119 
107 


Pr.  Ct.  fbomeach  causs 
to  Deaths  from  all 
causes,  bt  Sex. 


o 


8,817 


7,182    6,162 


10.97 
4.79 
4.64 
4.20 
8.41 
8.27 
2.99 
2.95 
2.47 
2.26 
2.25 
1.75 
1.68 
1.62 
1.44 


8 


50.68 
100.00 


10.08 
5.46 
4.78 
4.02 
8.48 
8.61 
2.60 
8.08 
2.53 
2.89 
2.16 
1.46 


1.36 
1.18 


48.05 
100.00 


QU 

a 

at 


12.12 
4.04 
4.54 
4.41 
8.41 
2.71 
8.46 
2.79 
2.40 
2.11 
8.87 
2.09 
8.54 
1.93 
1.74 


58.S3 
100.CO 


•  No  deaths  from  chronic  dysentery, 
b  Includes  acute  and  chronic, 
e  Includes  one  of  unknown  sex. 
d  Includes  two  of  unknown  sex. 
« Includes  27  of  unknown  sex. 

By  Table  XVIII.  it  will  be  seen  that  a  little  more  than  oae- 
half  of  the  deaths  in  Michigan  in  1872  resulted  from  fifteen 
canses  named  in  this  table.  As  usual,  Consumption  shows 
the  greatest  percentage  of  deaths,  but  its  proportion  has  been 
constantly  decreasing  since  1869,  and  there  is  a  very  marked 
decrease  in  the  proportion,  though  not  in  the  number  of 


PRINCIPAL  CAUSES  OP  DEATH.  353 

deaths  in  1872.  This  is  probably  accounted  for  by  the  fact 
that  in  1872  Small-pox  caused  the  death  of  302  persons — 
2.26  per  cent,  of  the  total  deaths;  and  Cholera  Infantum,  394 
deaths — 2.96  per  cent,  of  the  total  mortality;  thus  reducing 
the  share  in  the  proportion  which  usually  appears  against 
Consumption. 

In  1872  the  order  of  succession  is  different  from  any  other 
year,  and  there  are  four  diseases  named  in  this  table  among 
the  fifteen  principal  causes  of  death  which  are  not  found  in 
the  similar  table  for  1871,  viz.:  Cholera  Infantum,  Small-pox, 
Childbirth,  and  Diphtheria.  Of  these  four,  only  Cholera  In- 
fantum is  found  in  the  similar  tables  for  any  previous  year. 

In  order  to  facilitate  comparisons  of  the  several  years, 
Exhibit  11  has  been  prepared.  Table  XVIII.  enables  us  to 
see  just  how  much  of  danger  attached  to  each  of  the  principal 
causes  of  death  in  1872.  Exhibit  11  enables  us  to  obtain  a 
more  general  view  of  the  relative  danger  from  each  prominent 
cause  of  death,  according  to  the  returns  for  the  six  years  end- 
ing with  1872. 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


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SPECIFIED   CAUSES  OF  DEATH.  355 

Consumption,  pneumonia,  and  some  other  diseases  are 
studied  more  in  detail  further  on  in  this  Eeport. 

Tables  XIX.  and  XX.  are  the  same  in  principle  as  hereto- 
fore. The  ten  diseases  specified  therein  are  still  further 
studied  here  and  in  the  pages  following  the  tables. 

Cancer. — The  number  of  deaths  returned  as  having  been 
caused  by  Cancer  in  1872  is  130,  the.  excess  being  of  females, 
as  is  the  case  in  each  of  the  years  1869, 1870,  and  1871.  The 
high  death-rate  from  Cancer  begins  with  May  and  continues 
throughout  the  year,  with  the  exception  of  November,  and  a 
large  proportion  were  of  persons  between  the  ages  of  40  and 

65  years. 

Of  the  130  deaths  from  Cancer  in  187?,  the  location  of  the 
disease  was  stated  in  74  cases— 32  males  and  42  females.    In 

1871  and  in  1870  there  were,  for  each  year,  52  cases  in  which 
the  location  of  the  Cancer  was  stated.  Of  the  32  males,  in 
1872, 19  had  cancer' of  the  stomach,  3  of  liver,  2  of  mouth,  2 
of  bowels,  2  of  face,  1  of  leg,  1  of  hip,  1  of  chest,  and  1  of 
throat.  Of  the  42  females,  19  had  cancer  of  breast,  8  of  womb, 
5  of  stomach,  3  of  mouth,  2  of  face,  2  of  throat,  1  of  side,  1  of 
rectum,  and  1  of  ribs. 

Cephalitis. — The  proportion  of  deaths  from  Cephalitis  in 

1872  is  larger  than  in  1870  or  1871.  The  proportion  of  males 
in  1872  is  a  little  larger  than  in  1871,  while  in  1870  the  excess 
was  of  females.  The  least  number  occurred  in  January,  the 
greatest  in  August.  62.12  per  cent,  of  all  the  deaths  from  this, 
disease  were  of  those  under  5  years  of  age. 


356 


SIXTH    REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XIX. — Deaths  from  Ten  Specified  Causes  during  the 
Year  1872,  Exhibiting  the  Number  of  each  Sex,  Total  Num- 
ber in  each  Month,  and  at  Different  Periods  of  Age. 


SEX,   MONTHS, 

AND 

AGES. 


M 

M 
SO 


H 
§ 


f  Totals.... 

Males 

Females.. 
Unknown 


January 

February... 

March 

April.. 

May 

Jane 

July 

August 

September.. 

October 

November.. 
December  _. 
Unknown  — 

.At.  Month.. 


M 


Under  5 

5  to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25..... 
25  to  80..... 
80  to  85..... 
85  to  40..... 
40  to  45..... 

45  to  50 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60 

60  to  65. 

65  to  TO. 

70  to  75 

75  to  80. 

80  and  over. 
(.Unknown.. 


Causes  of  Death. 


a 
O 


180 
56 

74 


7 

8 

8 

4 

10 

18 

14 

12 

14 

14 

9 

11 


10.88 


12 


8 

1 

2 

5 

2 

2 

18 

10 

15 

18 

16 

8 

0 

7 

8 

4 


880 
182 
148 


9 
12 
20 
81 
84 
28 
26 
60 
48 
24 
15 
28 


27.50 

205 
81 

19 
U 
9 
10 
8 
6 
7 
7 
7 
1 
4 
1 


1 


a. 

O 


162 
92 

70 


18 

15 

18 

18 

•  7 

4 

0 

8 

11 

19 

26 

27 


13.5S 

140 

17 

8 


«a 

.a 
hi 


408 

240 

167 

1 


8 

4 

10 

9 

15 

76 

185 

85 

82 

16 

15 


84.00 

876 
5 
1 


.a 

«-• 
Xi 


192 

85 

107 


15 
11 
9 
6 
7 
9 
9 

19 
27 
24 
80 
26 


16.00 

94 

60 
28 
6 
1 
1 
1 


a 
o 

CO 


456 
246 
210 


2 
4 
8 
6 

4 

10 

45 

163 

158 

48 

10 

7 

1 

8S.00 

341 
27 
9 
8 
4 
6 
8 
1 
4 
5 
8 
8 
8 
7 
6 
7 
6 
8 


OB 

4) 


179 

75 

104 


12 

11 

88 

88 

26 

18 

17 

10 

5 

6 

8 

10 


14.92 

187 
17 
7 
8 
5 
1 
1 


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fe 


»-  V 

n> 

CO 


561 
289 
272 


58 
84 
72 
64 
54 
29 
80 
88 
88 
86 
81 
42 


55.08 

886 

151 

40 

15 

6 

1 

3 

1 


at 
Eh 


620 
840 
280 


15 

25 

26 

40 

25 

•     24 

14 

89 

106 

129 

97 

78 

2 

51.67 

62 
58 
67 
76 
74 
60 
20 
26 
80 
28 
28 
28 
25 
24 
17 
7 
7 
8 


I* 


192 
102 

S9 
1 

6 

5 

11 

12 

16 

11 

'  16 

81 

45 

17 

12 

8 

2 

16.00 

185 
8 
1 


8 


TEN  SPECIFIED   CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


357 


TABLE  XX. — Percentage  of  Deaths  during  the  Year  ending 
December  81,  1872,  J  ram  each  of  Ten  Specified  Causes  to 
Deaths  from  all  Causes ;  and  Percentage  of  Bach  Sex,  of 
Deaths  in  Each  Month,  and  at  Different  Periods  of  Life,  to 
Total  Deaths  from  Each  Specified  Cause. 


SEX,  MONTHS, 

AMD 

AQES. 

Causes  or  Death. 

• 

4) 
O 

• 

■> 

•J 
•H 

"3 

P. 
*> 

o 

s 
o 

u 

O 

• 

cs 

V 

■H 
A 

• 

V 

.-» 

a. 

IH 

A 

• 
O 

ID 

• 
m 

•a 

m 

3 

Scarlet  Fe- 
ver. 

Typhoid 
Fever. 

2d 

§•§ 

2  ° 
2° 

Per  ct.  of  all 

.97 

2.47 

1.21 

3.05 

1.44 

8.41 

1.84 

4.26 

4.64 

1.44 

• 

f  Males 

48.08 

55.15 

56.79 

58.82 

44.27 

58.95 

41.90 

51.52 

54.84 

58.18 

M  1 

Females 

56.92 

44.85 

48.21 

40.98 

55.78 

46.05 

58.10 

48.48 

45.16 

46.85 

GO 

5.88 

2.78 

8.02 

.25 
19.61 

.52 

7.81 

.44 

6.70 

9.45 

2.42 

8.18 

February 

6.15 

8.64 

9.26 

.74 

5.78 

.88 

6.14 

14.97 

4.08 

2.60 

March. 

6.15 

6.06 

8.02 

.98 

4.69 

.66 

18.44 

12.83 

4.19 

5.78 

April 

8.08 

9.89 

8.02 

2.45 

8.12 

1.82 

18.44 

11.41 

6.45 

6.25 

May 

12.81 
10.00 

10.80 
6.97 

4.32 
2.47 

2.21 
8.68 

8.65 
4.69 

.88 
2.19 

14.52 
7.26 

9.63 
6.17 

4.08 
8.87 

8.88 

• 

June 

5.78 

a 

July 

10.77 

7.88 

8.70 

18.68 

4.69 

9.87 

9.50 

6.85 

2.26 

8.88 

August 

9.28 

18.18 

4.94 

88.09 

9.90 

85.75 

5.59 

5.88 

6.29 

16.15 

* 

September... 

10.77 

14.55 

6.79 

20.88 

14.06 

88.55 

2.79 

5.88 

17.10 

28.44 

October 

10.77 

7.27 

11.78 

7.84 

12.50 

10.58 

8.85 

6.42 

20.81 

8.85 

November.... 

6.92 

4.55 

16.05 

8  92 

15.62 

2.19 

1.68 

6.52 

15.65 

6.25 

December 

8.46 

8.48 

16.67 

8.68 

18.54 

1.54 

5.59 

7.49 

12.58 

4.17 

.22 

.82 

1.04 

.Av.  Month... 

8.88 

8.88 

8.88 

8.88 

8.88 

8.88 

8.88 

8.88 

8.88 

8.83 

9.28 

62.12 

86.42 

92.16 

48.96 

74.78 

76.58 

59.89 

10.00 

96.85 

5  to  10. 

9.89 

10.49 

1.28 

81.25 

5.92 

9.50 

26.92 

8.55 

1.56 

10  to  15. 

2.81 

5.76 

1.85 

.24 

11.98 

1.97 

8.91 

7.18 

9.19 

.52 

15  to  20. 

.77 

8.88 

8.18 

1.75 

4.47 

2.67 

12.26 

20  to  25. 

1.54 

2.78 

.74 

.52 

.88 

2.79 

1.07 

11.98 

25  to  80. 

8.84 

8.08 

.24 

.52 

1.81 

.56 

.18 

9.68 

80  to  85 

1.54 

2.42 

.24 

.52 

.66 

.56 

.58 

8.28 

85  to  40 

1.54 

1.82 

.22 

.18 

4.19 

S- 

40  to  45. 

10.00 

2.12 

.52 

.88 

1.12 

4.34 

45  to  50. 

7.69 

2.12 

.49 

.52 

1.09 

8.71 

50  to  55 

55  to  60. 

11.54 
18.85 

2.12 
.80 

.49 
.74 

.52 
.52 

1.75 
.66 

4.52 

4.52 

.56 

.18 

60  to  65 

12.81 
6.15 

1.21 
.80 

.24 

.74 

1.75 
1.54 

4.08 
8.87 

m mm mmm 

70  to  75 

75  to  90. 

6.92 
5.88 

.24 
1.28 

t 

.52 

1.82 
1.54 

•••• • • 

• ••••• 

2.74 
1.13 

.80 

«•«»••• 

80  and  over... 
Unknown 

2.81 
8.08 

.24 
.74 

.52 

1.82 
.66 

•»•••• 

1.25 

1.18 
.48 

.91 

1.28 

1.56 

358 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 


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SPECIFIED  CAUSES  OF  DEATH — CBOUP. 

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■3  ~  M    5 


360  SIXTH  REGISTRATION    REPORT. 

Croup. — There  were  more  deaths  from  this  disease  in  Mich- 
igan in  1872  than  in  1870  or  1871,  and  as  usual  an  excess  of 
males,  the  proportion  being  greater  than  in  1871,  and  about 
the  same  as  in  1870.  In  1872  a  greater  proportion  of  deaths 
from  all  causes  resulted  from  Croup  than  in  1870,  but  a  less 
proportion  than  in  1871. 

The  greatest  number  of  deaths  from  Croup  occurred  in 
December  in  each  of  the  years  1870, 1871,  and  1872 ;  and,  as 
usual,  an  extremely  large  percentage  were  of  those  under  5 
years  of  age,  in  1872  the  percentage  being  86.42. 

Exhibit  K  gives  evidence  of  the  truthfulness  of  the  prop- 
osition stated  in  last  report,  viz.:  "that  when  there  is  less 
than  the  average  number  of  deaths  from  Croup  the  atmosphere 
is  warm  and  moist,  while  these  conditions  are  not  found  to 
prevail  when  more  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  occur 
from  this  disease.'9 

Diphtheria. — The  number  of  deaths  from  Diphtheria  in  1872 
was  192,  while  for  1870  and  1871  the  number  was  121,  the 
excess  being  of  females  in  each  year.  The  proportion  of 
deaths  from  this  disease  has  been  constantly  increasing  since 
1870.  The  largest  number  in  1872  appears  for  November, 
although  the  high  death-rate  begins  in  August  and  lasts 
throughout  the  year.  48.96  per  cent,  of  the  deaths  are  of  per- 
sons under  5  years  of  age,  and  a  very  large  proportion  are  of 
persons  under  15  years  of  age. 


CAUSES  OP  DEATH— CROUP  AND    DIPHTHERIA. 


361 


EXHIBIT  L. — Deaths  in  Michigan  from  Croup  and  Diph- 
theria, by  Months,  during  the  Year  1872,  and  some  Meteoro- 
logical Conditions  existing  at  the  same  time.* 


Thermom.  — 

Fan- 

Ozone, 

Deaths. 

renheit;  Mean  of 
three  Daily  Obser- 
vations,—at  7  A.M., 

Humidity  of  Atmosphere, 
etc.,— Monthly  Averages. 

Relative. 
Maxi- 
mum is 

2  p.  x.,  and  9  p.  x. 

10. 

Months  in 

Range. 

o 

• 

• 

to 

o* 

So 

OBDEB  BT 

• 

1j 

a 

M 

a 

a 

OS' 

*-2 

NUMBEB 

o 

or  Deaths 

• 

* 

CD 

o 

o 

pbom 

• 

p. 

«« 

8"** 

• 

Cbottf  and 

* 

C4 

%4 

© 

03 
> 

s§ 

k&2 

2«n 

• 

X 

DlFHTHEBIA, 

GREATEST 

FIB8T. 

• 

.0 

0 

0 

• 

O 

o 

• 

0 

M 

• 

••■■ 

•8 

ft 

1 

OK 

*■» 

08 

ft 

O 

as 

S  • 
8* 

• 

M 
0 

i 

V 

A 

-  a 

Relative  Humidity, 
2J         g        Saturation. 

o 

V 

M 

0 
00 
CU 
0> 

u 
fin 

o 

8 

o 

ft 

.828 
.158 

o 

Ob 
0 

2- 

4-   O 

MO 

"So 

8.70 
1.S9 

Weight,  in  Ounces, 
Inhalea  by  one  pen 

Weight,  in  Ounces,T 
haled  from  Air  Pass 
in  excess  of  Vapor 

Oi 

o 

•** 

■ 

X 

• 

7 

►» 

OS 

ft 
2.82 

4.60 

< 

o 

. 

X 

• 

o% 
-*- 

•a 

Tear  1372  .  . 

854 

100.00 

isar 

18.14* 

45.64* 

2.81 

9.87 

4.24 

2  • 

fNov.. 

56 

15.82 

12.10* 

18.48* 

29.80* 

LIS 

10.50 

6.17 

5  So§  - 

Dec.. 

58 

14.97 

12.08 

12.86 

15.74 

91 

.092 

1.18 

.71 

10.97 

5.81 

6.84 

Oct... 

48 

12.15 

18.89 

21.58 

b47.44 

84 

.295 

8.40 

2.18 

9.45 

1.98 

8.18 

.Sept- 

8S 

10.78 

16.50 

19.00 

b62.08 

85 

.498 

5.57 

0  8.48 

8.20 

1.40 

1.86 

Average 

29.50 

8.88 

15.81 

18.14 

45.54 

88 

.828 

8.70 

2.81 

9.87 

2.S2 

4.24 

• 

o 

Jan.  . 

28 

7.91 

9.87 

12.28 

^2 1.59 

88 

.107 

1.81 

• 

o    .82 

10.86 

4.50 

5.44 

Aug.. 

27 

7.68 

15.82 

17.61 

71.22 

88 

.650 

7.15 

4.47 

T.21 

.98 

.99 

bfl 

S  . 

ta  an 

Feb... 

26 

7.84 

20.41 

23.21 

b21.84 

84 

.100 

1.28 

c    .77 

10.91 

4.00 

6.00 

the  Av< 
f  Deathi 

• 

Mar.. 

22 

6.21 

17.82 

.  19.97 

b24.75 

85 

.109 

1.82 

o    .88 

10.85 

8.00 

5.71 

Apr... 

19 

5.87 

16.10 

20.20 

47.89 

74 

.260 

2.99 

c  1.87 

9.81 

2.68 

5.80 

1° 

July.. 

15 

4.24 

16.45 

19.55 

74.91 

77 

.671 

7.88 

4.56 

7.10 

.8S 

2.28 

May.. 

14 

8.95 

12.80 

18.65 

58.48 

77 

.880 

4.29 

2.68 

9.00 

2.14 

8.84 

*1 

.Jane. 

18 

8.67 

16.40 

19.48 

71.82 

7S 

.616 

6.78 

4.24 

7.44 

1.91 

8.23 

*  See  note  on  page  874. 

*  See  foot-notes  to  Exhibit  K,  page  859. 

*  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  tbat  mare  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  from 
Croup  and  Diphtheria  occurred  in  months  in  which  the  mean  temperature  was  less 
than  the  average,  and  vice  versa. 

«  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  more  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  from 
Croup  and  Diphtheria  occurred  in  months  in  which  there  was  lest  than  the  average 
quantity  of  vapor  inhaled,  and  vice  versa. 

46 


362 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  M. — Deaths  in  Michigan  from  Diphtheria,  by 
Months,  during  the  Year  1872,  and  some  Meteorological 
Conditions  existing  at  the  same  time.  * 


Thennom.  —  F  a  h  - 

Ozone, 

Deaths. 

renheit;  Mean  of 
three  Daily  Obser- 
vations,—at  7  a.m., 

Humidity  of  Amosphere, 
etc.,— Monthly  Averages. 

Relative. 
Maxi- 
mum, is 

2  p.  m.,  and  9  p.  m. 

10. 

*4 

»     «5 

(4    « 

u  r 

Months  in 

Range. 

• 

. 

a 
o 
O 

P- 

o 

OB 

■8 

a 

•• 

M 

o 

f4 

.a 
a 
O 

d 

n 

o 
o, 

«S 
> 

*4 

Troy,  of  Vapo 
son  in  24  hours. ' 

O  oq 

08  «0 

%^  d  « 

o*^   • 

as -a 

sg.3 

^S5 

• 

a 

Order  by 
Number  or 

Deaths 
from  Diph- 

o 
•** 

• 

* 

• 

* 

* 

• 

theria, 

| 

•m 

o 

^-5 

jtA<  *" 

< 

OREATEST 
PIRST. 

«s 
o 

o 

. 
■4-t 

• 
OS 

A 

o 

■M 

ft 

OS 

i 

a 

s 

09 

a. 

a 

■4-t 
•H 

•3 

|    . 
S3  p 

Ho 

O 

V 

hi 

0 
00 
01 
4> 

hi 

Ph 

au 

a 

d<< 

Hi  a) 

go. 
o  » 

d  d 
OO 

■7  o 

So 
d*. 

* 

o 
. 

n 

• 

o 

• 

* 

• 

a* 

B 

a 

o 
O 

V 

• 
08 

o 
Sot 

2fi 

£  08 

»4 

o 

© 
o 

© 

bfiO 

8.70 

1.89 

©  d 

SUM 

•SPSS 

7 

oS 

1 

*-• 

* 

ft 

Put 

A 

h 

H 

68 
69 

.828 
.158 

A 

2.82 
4.60 

ft 

Year  1S72 

192 

100.00 

15.81° 

18.14° 

45.54* 

2.81 

9.87 

4.24 

>    .  fNoV..- 

80 

15.68 

12.10* 

18.48° 

29.80* 

1.18 

10.50 

6.17 

^  S 

»5 

•9  oS 

Sept.... 

27 

14.07 

16.50 

19.00 

b62.08 

85 

.498 

5.57 

e8.48 

8.20 

1.40 

1.36 

5^ 

Dec 

26 

18.54 

12.08 

12.86 

15.74 

91 

.092 

1.18 

.71 

10.97 

5.81 

6.84 

So 

Oct 

24 

12.50 

18.39 

21.5S 

b47.44 

84 

.295 

8.40 

2.18 

9.45 

1.98 

8.13 

ofc 

.Aug.... 

19 

9.90 

15.82 

17.61 

b71.22 

88 

.650 

7.15 

C4.47 

7.21 

.98 

.99 

16 

8.88 

15.81 

18.14 

45.54 

88 

.823 

8.70 

2.81 

9.87 

2.82 

4.24 

to 

15 

7.81 

9.67 

12.28 

b21.59 

88 

.107 

1.81 

o   .62 

10.86 

4.50 

5.44 

Feb.... 

11 

5.78 

20.41 

28.21 

b21.84 

84 

.100 

1.28 

c   .77 

10.91 

4.00 

6.00 

the  Av 
'  Death! 

March- 

9 

4.69 

17.82 

19.97 

b24.75 

85 

.109 

1.82 

c  .88 

10.85 

8.00 

5.71 

Jane... 

9 

4.69 

16.40 

19.48 

71.82 

78 

.616 

6.78 

4.24 

7.44 

1.91 

8.23 

do 

i* 

July... 

9 

4.69 

16.45 

19.55 

74.91 

77 

.671 

7.88 

4.58 

7.10 

.88 

2,28 

00 

May 

7 

8.65 

12.80 

18.65 

58.48 

77 

.880 

4.29 

2.68 

9.00 

2.14 

3.84 

April... 

6 

8.12 

16.10 

20.20 

47.89 

74 

.260 

2.99 

1.87 

9.81 

2.68 

5.80 

*  See  note  on  page  374. 

»  See  foot-notes  to  Exhibit  K.  page  859. 

b  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  mare  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  from 
Diphtheria  occurred  in  months  in  which  the  mean  temperature  was  less  than  the  aver- 
age, and  vice  versa. 

o  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  more  than  an  average  number  of  deaths  from 
Diphtheria  occurred  i  *  months  in  which  there  was  less  than  the  average  quantity  of 
vapor  inhaled,  and  vice  versa. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH — CASUALTY,  ETC. 


363 


EXHIBIT  12.— By  Months  and  Sex,  the  Number  of  Deaths 
from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  Spinal  Men- 
ingitis, and  Meningitis,  returned  as  havinq  occurred  in 
Michigan  during  the  year  1869. 


CAUSES 

OF 
DEATH. 

Sxz. 

§ 

5 

w 

H 

18 
,    6 

7 

Mokths,— 1869. 

• 

«« 

0 
■0 

a 
i 

*  w* 

1 

• 

OS 

0 

WW 

w«  w 

2 
1 
1 

• 

p. 

4 
2 
2 

« 
• 

2 
2 

i 
• 
0 

2 
1 
1 

0 

►a 

00 

•  •  •  • 

1 

• 

I* 

1 

Pi 
« 

1 
1 

i 

O 

•  m  m  m 

WS  Mb 

• 

to 
0) 

o 

Q 

Total 
Males 

.Fe's.. 

r  Total 
Males 

.Fe's.. 
Total 
Males 

.Fe'fl.. 
Total 
Males 
Fe's.. 
Totel 
Males 
Fe'fl^ 

1 
1 

Cerebrospinal 
Meningitis  _ 

1 

! 

• 

• 

5 
8 
2 
6 
2 
4 

1 
1 

•  •  W 

1 

•  «  *  ■» 

I 
1 

1 

4 
2 
2 

Spotted  Fever.  • 

Spinal  Menin- 

2 

1 
1 

*•«• 

A  w  •  w 

1 
1 

1 

«•  •• 

1 

a  «m  m 

2 

1 

I 

I 

1 

Meningitls - 

1 

1 

a  «  m  m 

•  w« 
1 

««••  w 

»  ■»  »  « 

•  ••• 

1 

v      —  — — 

Casualty. — It  will  be  seen  from  Table  XVIL,  page  310,  that 
the  number  of  deaths  compiled  under  the  head  "  Casualty  " 
was,  since  1869,  constantly  increasing  until  1872  when  the 
number  is  much  less  than  in  1871,  and  slightly  less  than  in 
1869  and  1870.  Heretofore  deaths  from  Falling  Trees  were 
•compiled  with  Casualty,  but  there  were  so  many  this  year  the 
compiler  thought  best  to  specify  that  as  a  cause  of  death. 
There  were  21  deaths  from  this  cause,  which  added  to  the 
number  compiled  as  "  Casualty,"  will  make  the  total  number 
larger  than  in  1869  or  1870,  but  still  much  smaller  than  in 
1871.  Exhibit  9,  page  350,  shows  the  causes  of  death 
included  in  "Casualty."  Out  of  the  175  deaths  from  Casu- 
-a  y,  only  22  were  females. 


364 


SIXTH  fiEGISTRATION  BEPORT. 


EXHIBIT  13.— By  Months  and  Sex,  the  Number  of  Deaths 
from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  Spinal  Men- 
ingitis, and  Meningitis,  returned  as  having  occurred  in  Mich- 
igan  during  the  year  1870. 


CAUSES 

OP 
DEATH. 

Sex. 

• 

e 
So 

u 

11 

5 
6 
1 
1 

Months,— 1870. 

• 

a 
4 

1 
1 

1 
1 

m 

e 
* 

2 
2 

•  *  •  • 

• 

u 

* 

• 

u 

< 
1 

■ 

3 

• 

o 

a 

• 

. 

00 

0 

U 

i 

• 
u 

t 

« 

on 
1 

• 
V 

•§ 

o 

O 

1 
1 

■  •*■ 

m 
O 

B 

> 

© 

• 

ft* 
» 

JO 

a 

O 

a 

Total - 

Total 
Males 
LFe's.. 
'  Total 
Males 
Fe's.. 

4 
1 

-*.. 

1 

i 

1 

8 

Cerebrospinal 
Meningitis..- 

' 

• 

| 

'Total 

S 
4 
4 

1 

mmmm 

2 
2 

•  •  .. 

1 

1 

1 
1 

•  mmm 

*  •  v  • 

ft 

Spotted  Fever  <  Males 

1 

[Fe's.. 

1 

1 

& 

Spinal  Menin-  f Total 
l"1*-.- J  Males 

1 

Fe's.. 

1 
1 

1 

Total 

i 

Meningitis....- 

Males 

Fe'a.. 

1 

i 

1 

Cerebrospinal  Meningitis. — Heretofore  this  disease  has  not 
attracted  much  attention ;  but  as  for  the  year  1872  quite  a 
number  of  deaths  were  returned  as  caused  by  this  disease,, 
tables  have  been  constructed  to  show  some  facts  concerning 
the  disease  in  the  years  preceding,  and  as  there  are  several 
names  given  to  it  in  different  localities,  and  a  few  diseases 
quite  closely  related,  the  facts  concerning  these  are  also  tabu- 
lated. The  details  relating  to  these  diseases  can  be  seen  in 
Table  XVIL,  pages  332-333,  and  in  Exhibits  12, 13, 14, 15,. 
and  16.  On  page  341  it  may  be  seen  that  a  greater  number  of 
deaths  from  "  Spine  Diseases  "  were  returned  for  1872  than  for 
any  previous  year. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH— CEEEBRO-SPIHAL  MENINGITIS.        365 


EXHIBIT  14.— By  Months  and  Sex,  the  Number  of  Deaths 
from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spinal  Meningitis,  and  Men- 
ingitis, returned  as  having  occurred  in  Michigan  during  the 
year  1871. 


„, 

i 

I 

22 

Mouths,— I8IL 

OF 
DEATH. 

-             |- 

a 

| 

1 

< 

1 
1 

1 

i 

i 

1 

I 
a 

f  Total 

B 

1 

• 

™;: 

' 

8 

1 

■ 

Uerebro-splnal 

Total 
Mi  lee 
Fe's.. 

1 

t 

1 

1 

f 

' 

• 

' 

8 

[Total 
Spinal  Menln-  1 

l.Fe'fl.. 

i 

McEin3itls___jM»le! 

*  Includes  18  from  "  Spotted  Fcier." 

If  only  the  deaths  returned  as  having  been  cansed  by  "  Cer- 
ebrospinal Meningitis"  and  "Spotted  Fever"  are  grouped, 
instead  of  all  from  the  diseases  grouped  in  Exhibit  16,  page 
367,  the  order  of  months  and  number  of  deaths  in  each  will 
be :  April  37,  May  30,  March  22,  June  17,  Average  15.6, 
September  15,  August  14,  December  13,  Jnly  11,  October 
11,  February  8,  January  6,  November  4.  It  will  be  seen  that 
the  Average  is  thus  raised  above  September.  This  will  make 
one  more  exception  than  shown  in  Exhibit  16  as  regards 
Daily  Range  of  thermometer,  Range  of  thermometer  "  from 


366  SIXTH  BEGISTKATIOH  BEPOBT. 

day  to  day,"  Force  of  Vapor,  Weight  of  Vapor  in  Cabic  Foot 
of  Air,  and  Ozone,  day  and  night, — and  one  leas  exception 
than  there  shown  in  the  columns  for  Relative  Humidity  and 
for  Atmospheric  Pressure. 


EXHIBIT  16.— By  Months  and  Sex,  the  Number  of  Deaths 
from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  Spinal  Men- 
ingitis, Meningitis,  and  Acute  Meningitis,  returned  as 
having  occurred  in  Michigan  during  the  gear  1872. 


Sue 

% 
t- 

£48 

10* 
» 

109 
10 
SB 

it 

23 

1! 
) 

M01.THS-ISTS. 

OP 
DEATH. 

£ 

1 

e- 
■ 

s 

is 
i 
o 

: 
a 

S 

I 

1 

s 

80 
1* 

10 

e 

2 

I 
1 

« 

* 

22 

13 
10 

e 

• 
• 

6 
8 

8 
1 

1 

8 
S 
B 

S 
8 

! 

18 

t 
8 
t 
8 
8 

i 

22 

I 

> 

4 
1 
S 

1 
B 
1 

2 
S 

s 

2 
b 

1 

I 

B 

8 
1 
2 

f 

1 
1 

| 
I 

(Total 

TOTiL J  Males 

Ifo'i.. 

r,      v.          .     ,  I™*1 

Cerebro  -spiral 
MenfuKUfB-.-j  Males 

[jVi.. 

(Total 

Spotted  Fever  {  Mules 

lwi_ 

f  Total 

LFe't. 

|  Total 

Menlngill»....j  Males 

1» 
I 

e 

« 

* 

Meningitis,       I 

• 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH — CEREBRO-SPINAL  MENINGITIS.        367 


EXHIBIT  1C  — Deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  in  Mich- 
igan  from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  Spi- 
nal Meningitis,  Meningitis,  and  Acute  Meningitis,  ly 
Months,  during  the  Year  1872,  and  some  Meteorological 
Conditions  existing  at  the  same  time.  * 


Months  in 

OEDEB  BT 

Number  of 

Deaths. 

Thermom.  — F  a  h  - 
renheit;  Mean  of 
8  Daily  Observa- 
tions,—at  7  A.  M., 

Humidity,  etc.,— 
Monthly  Aver- 
ages. 

Ozone,— 

Relative. 

Maximum— 

10. 

i 

a 

CJ 

k. 

as 

Deaths  from 
Cebebro-bpi. 

2  p.  m.,  and  9  p.  x. 

• 
CO 

nal  Menin- 
gitis, Spot- 
ted Fever, 
Spinal  Men- 
ingitis, Men- 
ingitis, and 
Acute   Men- 
ingitis, 
greatest 

FIRST. 

• 

u 

0) 

fit 
B 

0 

248 
42 

• 

s 

o 

o 

• 

0 
0) 

H 
0> 

&4 

Range. 

• 

o 
ki 

0 
-*>■ 
OS 
ki 
0> 

a, 

1 

Relative  Humidity.or 
S         &        Per  Ct.  of  Saturate. 

Force  or  Pressure  of 
Vapor  in  Inches. 

Weight,  in  Grains,  of 
Vapor    in   Cubic 
Foot  of  Air.  * 

• 

* 

o 

• 

* 

• 

I— 

1 

ft 

Night,— 9  p.  M.  to  7 

A.    M. 

Barometer  Reduced  to 
heit— Mean 

• 

•H 

From  day  to 
day,— 2  p.  m. 
to  2  P.  M. 

Year  1872 

100.00 

15.81' 

18.14' 

45.54' 

.82S 

8.70 

2.S2 

4.24 

28.887 

• 

>  . 

•S3 

'April.. 

16.94 

16.10' 

20.20' 

47.89' 

«. 260 

f  2.99 

2.63 

g5.80 

28.852 

May.... 

83 

15.82 

bl2.80 

1S.65 

58.48 

77 

.880 

4.29 

2.14 

8.84 

28.868 

n^3 

March.. 

80 

12.10 

17.82 

19.97 

24.75 

d  85 

*  .109 

f  1.82 

18.00 

g5.71 

b  28.911 

Moretl 
No.  c 

June___ 

22 

8.87 

16.40 

19.48 

71.82 

7S 

.616 

6.78 

1.91 

8.28 

28.879 

Sept.... 

22 

8.87 

16.50 

19.00 

62.03 

<*  85 

.493 

5.57 

1.40 

1.86 

b2S.890 

Average 

21 

8.38 

15.31 

18.14 

45.54 

83 

.82S 

8.70 

2.82 

4.24 

28.887 

.      fDec 

o       1 

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19 

7.66 

12.08 

12.86 

15.74 

91 

.092 

1.13 

5.81 

6.84 

28.992 

18 

7.26 

bl5.82 

17.61 

71.22 

88 

•  .650 

t  7.15 

s   ,98 

g   .99 

2S.967 

> 
©•9 

July.... 

17 

6.85 

bl6.45 

*19.55 

74.91 

d  77 

•  .671 

f  7.88 

g    .88 

g2.28 

28.924 

♦a  g  - 

5* 

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16 

6.45 

bl8.39 

C21.5S 

47.44 

84 

.295 

8.40 

g1.9S 

g8.18 

28.979 

Feb 

12 

4.84 

b20.41 

e28.21 

21.84 

84 

.100 

1.28 

4.00 

6.00 

b  28.842 

m 

00 

0> 

Jan 

7 

2.82 

9.S7 

12.23 

21.59 

88 

.107 

1.81 

4.50 

5.44 

b  28.688 

t-3 

.Nov 

5 

2.02 

12.10 

18.48 

29.80 

89 

.158 

1.89 

4.60 

6.17 

b  28.881 

•  See  note  on  page  874. 

•  See  foot-notes  to  Exhibit  K,  page  859. 

b  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Daily  Range  of  temperature  was  greater 
than  the  average  in  months  when  more  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  occurred, 
and  vice  versa. 

o  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Range  of  temperature  "from  day  to  day'1 
was  greater  than  the  average  in  months  when  more  than  the  average  number  of  deaths 
occurred,  and  vice  versa. 

d  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Relative  Humidity  was  less  than  the  aver- 
age in  months  in  which  more  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  occurred,  and  vice  versa. 

•  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Force  of  Vapor  was  greater  than  the  average 
in  months  in  which  more  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  occurred,  and  vice  versa. 

'  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Absolute  Humidity  was  greater  than  the  aver- 
age in  months  when  more  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  occurred,  and  vice  versa. 

g  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Ozone  was  less  than  the  average  in  months 
when  more  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  occurred,  and  vice  versa. 

b  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Atmospheric  Pressure  indicated  by  the 
Barometer  was  less  than  the  average  in  months  in  which  more  than  the  average  nam 
ber  of  deaths  occurred,  and  vice  versa. 


368 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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111 


374  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Typhoid  Fever. — More  deaths  were  returned  as  having  been 
caused  by  this  disease  in  1872  than  in  any  previous  year ;  1870 
is  the  next  in  order,  1869  the  third,  and  1871  shows  the  least 
number.  This  is  shown  in  Table  XVIL,  page  321.  There  is 
an  excess  of  deaths  of  males  in  each  year  except  in  1 870,  the 
excess  of  males  being  greater  in  1872  than  in  any  other  year. 
The  largest  number  of  deaths  occurred  in  October,  as  usual ;  the 
next  largest  number  in  September,  and  the  smallest  in  July. 
The  greatest  mortality  is  among  persons  between  the  ages  of 
fifteen  and  twenty-five  years.  The  proportions  at  the  different 
ages  are  shown  in  Table  XX.,  page  357. 

This  disease  is  of  such  consequence  that  it  has  seemed  proper 
to  make  a  closer  investigation  of  it  than  heretofore ;  accord- 
ingly, Exhibit  19  has  been  constructed  as  a  contribution  to  a 
study  of  the  relations  of  this  disease  to  different  meteorolog- 
ical conditions.  The  tables,  etc.,  concerning  this  disease  are 
placed  here,  out  of  alphabetical  order,  so  that  comparisons 
may  more  readily  be  made  between  this  disease  and  Intermit- 
tent Fever. 

On  account  of  the  importance  of  Consumption  and  Pneu- 
monia, the  remarks  concerning  them  are  postponed  to  subse- 
quent pages,  in  order  that  more  study  and  space  may  be 
devoted  to  them,  and  that  they  may  be  studied  in  connection 
with  each  other. 

Note.— In  the  several  exhibits  such  as  K,  L,  M,  O,  P,  and  16, 17, 
18, 19.  and  20,  wherein  are  tabulated  by  months  certain  diseases  and 
the  meteorological  conditions  during  the  same  time,  the  meteoro- 
logical portions  of  the  exhibits  have  been  constructed  from  records 
of  observations  made  at  one  place  only, — at  the  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, near  Lansing,  as  mentioned  on  page  359 ;  but  if  we  except  the 
Upper  Peninsula,  the  place  of  observation  is  nearly  in  the  center  of 
the  population  in  which  the  deaths  reported  have  occurred.  This 
way  of  approaching  the  very  important  subjects  studied  in  the 
exhibits  referred  to  is  not  free  from  objections,  but  it  is  at  least 
an  attempt,  and  is  perhaps  the  best  that  can  be  done  under  pres- 
ent circumstances. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH— DIARRHEA  AND  DYSENTERY.      375 


TABLE  XXI. — Exhilitinq,  for  the  State  and  for  eleven  Geo- 
graphical Divisions  of  the  State,  during  the  Tear  1872,  the 
Number  of  Deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  from  Diar- 
rhea and  from  Dysentery,  and  the  Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from 
each  Disease  to  Deaths  from  All  Causes. 


■ 

DlABRHIA. 

Acute  &  Chronic. 

Dtsxntbbt. 

Acutb  &  Chbonic. 

STATE  AND  GEOGRAPHICAL 
DIVISIONS.  • 

Number  of  Deaths. 
1872. 

Per  Cent,  of  Deaths 
from  Diarrhea  to 
Deaths   from    all 
Causes. 

Number  of  Deaths, 
1872. 

Per  Cent,  of  Deaths 
from  Dysentery 
to  Deaths  from  au 
Causes. 

State 

487 

8.26 

456 

8.41 

Upper  Peninsula........................... 

25 
26 

8 

8 
47  ' 

2 
40 
86 
29 
28 
148 

4.70 
7.22 
5.55 
9.80 
8.81 
1.10 
1.74 
4.86 
2.22 
.88 
5.86 

6 
74 
11 

6 
55 

8 
119 
50 
28 
69 
80 

1.18 

Northwestern.............................. 

20.56 

Northern................................... 

7.64 

Northeastern............................... 

6.93 

Western.. . .. 

8.87 

Northern  Central 

4.42 

Central 

5.11 

Bay  and  Eastern............. ......... 

2.58 

Southwestern................ 

2.14 

Southern  Central 

2.62 

Southeastern........ .............. . 

1.28 

*  For  counties  included  in  each  Division,  see  page  261. 

Diarrhea.— Ol  the  four  years  1869,  1870,  1871,  and  1872, 
1872  ranks  highest  as  to  the  number  of  deaths  from  Diarrhea, 
1870  next,  1869  next,  and  1871  lowest.  The  number  returned 
for  the  year  1872  is  more  than  double  the  number  for  1871. 
The  large  proportion  of  deaths  of  males  from  this  disease  in 
1872  is  particularly  noticeable.  The  largest  number  of  deaths 
occurred  in  August,  while  September  and  July  are  next  in 
order;  and  92.16  per  cent,  of  all  deaths  from  this  disease  were 
of  persons  under  five  years  of  age.    Some  details  respecting 


376  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

the  sexes  and  ages  of  decedents,  and  the  deaths  by  months,  are 
given  in  Tables  XVIL,  XIX.,  and  XX. 

Table  XXL  shows  the  proportion  of  deaths  from  Diarrhea 
in  different  parts  of  the  State,  and  differs,  from  Tables  XIX. 
and  XX.  by  including  29  deaths  from  Chronic  Diarrhea.  The 
largest  number  of  deaths  occurred  in  the  Southeastern  Division, 
as  is  the  case  in  every  previous  year,  but  the  per  cent  of 
deaths  from  Diarrhea  to  deaths  from  all  causes,  in  the  differ- 
ent Divisions,  is  quite  dissimilar  for  the  several  years.  Al- 
though the  largest  number  occurred  in  the  Southeastern  Divis- 
ion in  each  year,  the  largest  proportion  is  found  in  that  division 
only  for  1870.  Generally  the  largest  proportion  is  found  in 
the  northerly  localities  of  the  State.  To  what  other  causes, 
relatively  more  fatal  in  other  parts  of  the  State,  this  is  due, 
remains  to  be  learned  by  further  study. 

Dysentery. — The  order,  by  number,  of  the  deaths  returned 
as  having  occurred  from  Dysentery  is  the  same  for  the  several 
years  as  in  the  case  of  Diarrhea,  viz.:  first  1872,  second  1870, 
third  1869,  fourth  1871.  Table  XX.  shows  that  in  1872  there 
was  an  excess  of  deaths  of  males,  as  was  the  case  to  a  smaller 
degree  in  1870 ;  in  1871  the  proportion  was  the  same  for  each 
sex.  The  largest  number  occurred  in  August ;  69.30  per  cent, 
occurred  in  August  and  September ;  and  74.78  per  cent,  of  all 
the  deaths  from  this  disease  were  of  persons  under  five  years 
of  age,  a  considerably  smaller  proportion,  however,  than  in 
the  case  of  Diarrhea.  There  is  not  much  similarity  between 
the  proportion  of  deaths  from  Diarrhea  and  Dysentery,  respect- 
ively, to  deaths  from  all  causes  in  the  different  Divisions  of 
the  State ;  but  leaving  out  the  Upper  Peninsula,  the  northerly 
localities  of  the  State  show  the  largest  proportion  of  deaths 
from  Dysentery,  as  is  the  case  with  Diarrhea  without  making 
the  above  exceptions. 

Measles. — For  1872,  more  deaths  from  Measles  were  returned 
than  had  been  for  any  previous  year.  In  1869  and  1871  there 
were  more  deaths  of  males  than  of  females ;  in  1872  the  reverse 


CAUSES   OF  DEATH — MEASLES  AHTD  SCARLET  FEVER.        377 

is  true,  according  to  the  returns.  In  1870  and  1872,  the 
largest  number  of  deaths  from  this  disease  occurred  in  March, 
April,  and  May;  for  1869,  the  greatest  numbers  were  returned 
as  having  occurred  in  February,  March,  and  May.  Of  all 
deaths  from  this  disease  in  1872, 76.53  per  cent,  were  of  persons 
under  five  years  of  age, — a  less  per  cent,  than  in  1871,  but  a 

# 

larger  per  cent,  than  in  1870.  Farther  details  may  be  learned 
by  examining  Tables  XVII.,  XIX.,  and  XX.,  pages  332,  356, 
and  357. 

Scarlet  Fever. — This  disease  can  be  studied  in  Tables  -XVIL, 
XIX.,  and  XX.,  and  in  Exhibit  20.  The  number  of  deaths 
returned  as  having  been  caused  by  this  disease  has  been  slightly 
decreasing  since  1870.  The  number  in  1869  was  very  much 
smaller  than  in  any  succeeding  year.  The  excess  of  male  de- 
cedents was  about  the  same  in  1872  as  in  1870,  but  in  1871 
there  was  a  larger  excess  of  females. 

The  largest  number  of  deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  occurred  in 
February,  the  smallest  number  in  June.  Of  the  total  number 
of  deaths  from  this  disease,  59.89  per  cent,  were  of  persons 
under  five  years  of  age,  and  86.81  per  cent,  of  all  decedents 
were  under  10  vears  of  age. 

This  disease  being  one  of  the  principal  causes  of  death  in 
this  State  during  the  past  few  years,  a  new  Exhibit  (No.  20) 
has  been  made,  wherein  may  be  studied  its  relations  to  certain 
meteorological  conditions. 
48 


378  SIXTH    REGISTRATION    KEPORT. 

EXHIBIT  20. — Deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  in  Michigan 
from  Scarlet  Fever,  hy  Months,  during  the  Year  1872,  and 
some  Meteorological  Conditions  existing  at  the  same  time.* 


D.iTBJI 

mam— 10, 

Months  in 

Obsib  bt 

or  Deiths 

2 

LIT   FlYER, 

- 

■ 

1 

1 

1 
1 

2 
■ 

s 

* 

Year  1812... 

MI 

100.00 

„„■ 

18.11- 

4B.S4- 

ss 

,828 

8.  TO 

2.81 

Ml 

2.82 

u* 

Feb. .. 

March 

n 

i*.es 

20.11- 
11.82 

28.21- 
11.01 

21.81- 

1 

.loo 

.ira 

1,85 

.68 

10.91 
10.  SB 

4.00 
S.00 

5.71 

as 

April. 

M 

11.41 

ia.10 

20.20 

»4T,8S 

« 

Ml 

9.81 

Ma?... 

f* 

».es 

12,60 

is.es 

b  58.46 

Tl 

BM 

C4.2E 

IM 

9.00 

6.81 

X* 

J«.-.. 

.« 

MB 

»^T 

12.28 

,11. 09 

86 

un 

At 

«™.... 

46.18 

6.8S 

IS. SI 

18.11 

46.W 

68 

.826 

8.  TO 

2.8! 

9.81 

2.82 

4.!t 

. 

Dec.... 

42 

1.49 

1 2. [13 

12.86 

.an 

11 

.092 

.71 

6. 

Oct... 

88 

6.42 

16.83 

tl.M 

1T.14 

W 

ti 

Aug.- 

SB 

M 

fi 

Xov. .. 

81 

B.S8 

12.10 

1S.4S 

■  20.30 

8» 

.168 

"=1.99 

1.16 

10-ftO 

4.60 

fill 

Jalj.. 

SO 

fi-83 

16.13 

19.63 

TUI 

n 

.671 

1.33 

4.SS 

T.10 

.86 

1,18 

Job.. 

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fl.IT 

16.40 

IB. IB 

11.63 

re 

,616 

6.79 

4.21 

T.U 

111 

8  23 

*  Sec  Note  on  page  8T4. 

•  See  Coat-notes  to  Exhibit  E,  page  B59. 

h  Exceptions  to  pmpositlnn  tbat  the  Tom| 


Fever  occarred,  and  vi- 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH— WH00PIHG-C0UGH.  379 

Whooping-cough. — From  this  disease  a  larger  number  of 
deaths  were  returned  for  1872  than  for  any  previous  year,  the 
order  by  years,  those  having  the  greatest  number  of  deaths 
first,  being:  1872, 1869, 1870, 1871.  In  1872  only,  was'  there 
an  excess  of  males,  the  excess  of  females  in  each  of  the  years 
1S70  and  1871  being  about  the  same  as  the  excess  of  males  in 
1872.  The  greatest  mortality  appears  for  September,  and 
39.58  per  cent,  of  all  deaths  from  Whooping-cough  occurred 
in  August  and  September  combined.  Four  deaths  were  of 
persons  over  five  years  of  age  (one.  person  being  over  ten), 
and  96.35  per  cent,  of  all  the  decedents  Were  under  five  years 
of  age. 

Consumption. — There  were  1,467  deaths  returned  as  having 
been  caused  by  consumption  in  1872.  This  is  164  more  than 
the  number  for  1871,  but  the  per  cent,  of  deaths  from  consump- 
tion to  deaths  from  all  causes  in  1872  is  only  10.97,  instead  of 
13.39  as  it  was  in  1871.  This  indicates  either,  L,  that  the 
number  of  deaths  from  consumption  was  not  increased  in  the 
same  ratio  as  were  the  deaths  from  all  causes,  or,  2,  that  the 
increased  number  of  deaths  returned  was  due  to  abetter  return 
of  deaths  from  other  causes  than  consumption.  There  was,  as 
usual,  an  excess  of  deaths  of  females,  but  the  excess  has  been 
constantly  decreasing  since  1869,  being:  in  1869,  8.61  per 
cent.;  in  1870,  3.87  per  cent;  in  1871,  2.54  per  cent.;  and  in 
1872,  1.84  per  cent,  of  the  total  number  of  deaths  from  con- 
sumption. A  comparison  of  the  per  cent,  of  deaths  from  con- 
sumption to  deaths  from  all  causes  for  the  years  1871  and 
1872,  shows  a  decrease  in  1872  of  2.42  per  cent.;  and  a  com- 
parison of  the  per  cent,  of  deaths  from  pneumonia  to  deaths 
from  all  causes  for  1871  and  1872,  shows  an  increase  in  1872 
of  0.26  per  cent.  This  is  one  more  instance  where  it  seems 
that,  as  stated  in  last  Report  with  reference  to  consumption 
and  pneumonia,  "conditions  tending  to  increase  the  deaths 
from  one,  tend  to  decrease  the  deaths  from  the  other  disease." 
In  such  instances  as  this  it  is  possible  that  similar  deaths  are 


380 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


sometimes  attributed  to  consumption  and  sometimes  to  pneu- 
monia. It  is  also  possible  that,  when  the.  conditions  favor 
deaths  from  pneumonia,  consumptives  die  from  pneumonia, 
and  deaths  which  would  otherwise,  a  little  later,  have  resulted 
from  consumption  are  not  attributed  to  that  disease. 


EXHIBIT  N. — By  Sex,  the  Number  of  Deaths  returned  as 
having  occurred  in  Michigan  from  Consumption  during  the 
Year  1872y  by  Months  Equalized  to  Uniform  Length  of 
80.44  days  each;  and  also  the  Average  Number  Per  Month 
(Deaths  in  Unknown  Months  and  of  persons  of  Unknown 
Sex  Excluded). 


• 
GO 

i- 

Months  or  Equal  Lbngth. 

• 

08 
C 
Q 

67 

• 

K 

84 

• 

1 

08 

91 

• 

< 

158 

• 

08 

109 

• 

© 
a 
a 
>■» 

125 

• 

K 

*3 
101 

• 
** 

OB 

g 

0 
< 

129 

• 
« 

! 

o 

GQ 

160 

1 

o 

O 

187 

• 

1 

188 

• 
© 

S 
Q 

167 

• 

08 
< 

Total 

•  1,461 

121.75 

Hales 

718 

87 

88 

60 

88 

52 

55 

88 

61 

78 

71 

70 

95 

59.8S 

Females 

748 

80 

51 

41 

65 

57 

70 

68 

68 

87 

66 

68 

72 

61.92 

•  Excluding  three  deaths  from  Consumption  in  unknown  month,  and  two  males  and 
one  female  lost  in  equalizing. 


CAUSES   OP  DEATH — COKSUMPTIOK. 


381 


EXHIBIT  0. — Deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  from  Con- 
sumption in  Michigan  during  the  year  1872,  and  some  Me- 
teorological Conditions  existing  at  the  same  time.  * 


1 

Thermom,  — 

Pah- 

Ozone, 

1 

4 

•    Deaths. 

i 

renheit;  Mean  of 
three  Daily  Obser- 
vations,—at  7  A.M., 

Homldltv  of  Atmosphere, 
etc.,— Monthly  Averages. 

Relative. 
Max- 

mnmii 

2  p.  m.,  and  9  p.  m. 

10. 

Months  in 

Range. 

o 

a 
o 

8 

■H 

g 

V 

Order  bt 

number  of 
Deaths  from 
Consumption 

greatest 

FIRST. 

• 

i 

O 

• 

© 

Eh 

O 

. 

a 
« 

t 

• 

K 
•3 

« 

o 

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a 

t 

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a  a 
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88 

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a 

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a. 

o 
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1 

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• 

ft 

• 

T 

2.82 

6.81 

• 

M 

• 

< 

*• 
o 

• 

ft 
*' 

I 

Year  1872.... 

b 1,464 

100.00 

10.81" 

18.14* 

.40.04* 

2.81 

9.87 

4.24 

9 

be 

170 

11.81 

12.08* 

12.86* 

clO.74* 

0   .71 

10.97 

6.84 

Sept.... 

15S 

10.72 

18.00 

19.00 

02.08 

80 

.498 

6.67 

8.48 

8.20 

1.40 

1.86 

ll. 

April .. 

161 

10.81 

16.10 

20.20 

47.89 

74 

.260 

2.99 

*1.S7 

9.81 

2.68 

6.80 

Oct 

189 

9.49 

18.89 

21.08 

47.44 

84 

.290 

3.40 

4  2.18 

9.46 

1.98 

8.18 

$6 

Nov.... 

186 

9.29 

12.10 

18.48 

e29.80 

89 

.10S 

1.89 

dl.18 

10.60 

4.60 

6.17 

£ 

An*.... 

181 

8.95 

10.82 

17.61 

71.22 

88 

.660 

7.15 

4.47 

7.21 

.98 

.99 

o 

.Jane... 

123 

8.40 

16.40 

19.48 

71.82 

78 

.616 

6.78 

4.24 

7.44 

1.91 

8.28 

122.00 

8.88 

10.81 

18.14 

40.04 

88 

.828 

8.70 

2.81 

9.87 

2.82 

4.24 

• 
#J  OS 

May... 

HI 

7.5S 

12.80 

18.60 

cOS.48 

77 

.880 

4.29 

*2.68 

9.00 

2.14 

8.84 

July... 

108 

7.04 

16.40 

19.00 

c74.91 

77 

.671 

7.88 

4  4.68 

7.10 

.88 

2.28 

March.. 

98 

8.80 

17.82 

19.97 

24.70 

80 

.109 

1.82 

.88 

10.66 

8.00 

5.71 

5° 

3  © 

Feb.... 

80 

0.48 

20.41 

23.21 

21.84 

84 

.100 

1.28 

.77 

10.91 

4.00 

6.00 

.Jan 

89 

4.71 

9.67 

12.28 

21.09 

88 

.107 

1.81 

.82 

10.86 

4.60 

0.44 

*  See  Note  on  page  874. 

*  See  foot-notes  to  Exhibit  K,  pace  869. 

b  Three  deaths  in  unknown  month  excluded. 

o  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Temperature  was  higher  than  the  average  In 
months  when  more  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  from  Consumption  occurred, 
and  vice  versa. 

d  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  more  than  an  average  amount  of  Vapor  was  in- 
haled in  months  in  which  there  was  more  tha  ..... 


sumption,  and  vice  versa* 


than  an  average  number  of  deaths  from  Con- 


382  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Two  sources  of  error  should  be  guarded  against  in  studying 
Exhibit  0.  At  first  thought  it  may  appear  to  some  persons  that 
nothing  useful  can  be  learned  by  comparisons  of  deaths  from 
consumption  by  periods  of  time  with  the  coincident  meteoro- 
logical conditions,  because  the  cause  of  the  disease  must  have 
acted  to  produce  it  long  previously.  On  the  other  hand,  one 
might  carelessly  assume  that  the  conditions  existing  at  such 
times  as  the  greatest  number  of  deaths  from  this  disease  occur, 
are  also  the  conditions  which  caused  the  disease  from  which  the 
deaths  resulted.  This  last  assumption  may  or  may  not  be  true, 
and  the  truth  can  only  be  learned  by  securing  a  record  of  first 
attacks  of  cases  of  this  disease,  and  studying  the  coincident 
meteorological  conditions  in  some  such  manner  as  in  Exhibit 
0.  But  the  data  for  such  a  study  of  the  disease  cannot  at 
present  be  secured,  and  a  knowledge  of  the  conditions  tending 
to  cause  the  death  of  those  sick  with  consumption  must  be 
valuable,  because  by  avoiding  such  conditions  some  invalids 
may  prolong  their  lives  until  under  the  most  favorable  condi- 
tions they  may  recover  from  the  disease. 

Pneumonia. — The  remarks  on  the  study  of  meteorological 
conditions  coincident  with  deaths  from  consumption  apply  to 
the  study  of  such  conditions  as  related  to  deaths  from  pneumo- 
nia, but  the  period  of  sickness  being  much  shorter  in  pneumo- 
nia, there  is  much  greater  probability  of  the  truth  of  any 
assumption  that  conditions  tending  to  cause  death  from  this 
disease  are  also  capable  of  causing  the  disease  itself.  When 
the  compilation  is  by  periods  of  time  longer  than  the  average 
duration  of  fatal  cases  of  the  disease,  as  is  believed  to  be  the 
fact  when  deaths  from  pneumonia  are  compiled  by  months — 
as  in  Exhibit  P — it  is  also  more  probable  that  the  conditions 
compiled  for  such  periods  will  include  those  really  existing  at 
the  time  of  the  onset  of  the  disease,  and  possibly,  also,  those 
which  really  induced  the  disease. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH— PNEUMONIA. 


383 


EXHIBIT  P. — Deaths  returned  as  having  occurred  from 
Pneumonia  in  Michigan  during  the  year  1872,  and  some 
Meteorological  Conditions  existing  at  the  same  time.  * 


• 

Thermom.  — 

Fan- 

Ozone, 

Deaths. 

renheit;  Mean  of 
three  Dally  Obser- 
vations,—at  7  A.M., 
2  p.  x.,  and  9  p.  m. 

Humidity  of  Atmosphere, 
etc.,— Monthly  Averages. 

Relative. 
Maxi- 
mum is 
10. 

Months  in 
Ordsb  by 

Range. 

• 

ta 

a 
© 

•5 

a 

© 

— • 

.© 

a 

m 

©35 

9k 

Number  or 

o 

a 

•^4 

a 

Deaths fbom 

Pneumonia, 

greatest 

* 

• 

© 

o 

b. 
O 

a 

03 

bt 

o 

£* 

H 

iTirj 

,-©  5 

H  "  p 

• 

• 

ft 

• 

•4 

*- 
O 

• 

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0 

p 

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ft 

1 

•3 

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o 
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►i 

in 

S* 
8« 

• 

© 

u 
a 

§ 

© 

«e         oo       Relative  Humidity, 
*-         B          Satn  ration. 

O 

W 
bi 

P 

to 

00 

bl 

O 
© 

O 

h 
.828 

.092 

O 

P 
g- 

si 

.J- O 

©Qb 

8.70 
1.18 

Weight,  in  Ounces, 
Inhaled  by  one  pei 

Weight,  in  Ounces, 
Kxhaled  from  Air  P 
in  excess  of  Vapor 

• 

©» 

O 

• 

* 

• 

1 
ft 

2.82 
5.81 

Tear  1872.— 

b  689 

100.00 

15.81* 

18.14* 

45.54* 

2.31 

9.87 

4.24 

■ 

u    . 
©  m 

Dec. ... 

89 

18.98 

12.08* 

12.86* 

15.74* 

.71 

10.97 

6.84 

ApriL.. 

79 

12.86 

16.10 

20.20 

C47.89 

74 

.260 

2.99 

1.87 

.81 

2.68 

5.80 

than  the 
No.  of  D< 

March.. 

75 

11.74 

17.82 

19.97 

24.75 

85 

.109 

1.82 

.83 

10.85 

3.00 

5.71 

Feb..~ 

64 

10.02 

20.41 

28.21 

21.84 

84 

.100 

1.28 

.77 

10.91 

4.00 

6.00 

©  © 

Nov.... 

68 

9.86 

12.10 

18.48 

29.80 

89 

.153 

1.89 

1.18 

10.50 

4.60 

6.17 

.Oct 

50 

8.76 

18.89 

21.58 

47.44 

84 

.295 

8.40 

2.18 

9.45 

1.98 

8.18 

Average. 

58.25 

8.88 

15.81  • 

18.14 

45.54 

88 

.828 

8.70 

2.81 

9.87 

2.82 

4.24 

&     fMay... 

58 

S.29 

12.80 

18.65 

58.4S 

77 

.830 

4.29 

2.68 

9.00 

2.14 

8.84 

s  . 

©  OB 

Jan. ... 

46 

7.20 

9.S7 

12.28 

C21.59 

88 

.107 

1.81 

d   .82 

10.86 

4.50 

5.44 

©  V 

dft< 

Aug.... 

81 

4.85 

15.82 

17.61 

71.22 

88 

.050 

7.15 

4.47 

7.21 

.98 

.99 

2© 

Sept.... 

29 

4.51 

16.50 

19.00 

62.08 

85 

.49S 

5.57 

8.48 

8.20 

1.40 

l.?6 

ssth 
No. 

Jnne... 

28 

4.88 

16.40 

19.48 

71.82 

78 

.616 

6.78 

4.24 

7.44 

1.91 

8.28 

© 

h4 

LJuly... 

26 

4.07 

16.45 

19.55 

74.91 

77 

.671 

7.83 

4.5S 

7.10 

.88 

2.28 

*  See  Note  on  page  874. 

•  See  foot-notes  to  Exhibit  K,  page  S59. 

b  Two  deaths  in  unknown  month  exclnded. 

c  Exceptions  to  the  proposition  that  the  Temperature  was  greater  than  the  average 
in  months  in  which  less  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  from  Pneumonia  occurred, 
and  vice  versa. 

d  Exceptions  to  proposition  that  more  than  an  average  amonnt  of  Vapor  wa*  inhaled 
in  months  in  which  there  was  less  than  the  average  number  of  deaths  from  Pneumo- 
nia, and  vice  versa. 


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CAUSES  OF  DEATH— CONSUMPTION  AND  PNEUMONIA. 


387 


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SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXIV.— Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  Eleven  Geo- 
graphical Divisions  in  1872,  by  Sex,  the  Number  of  Deaths 
from  All  Causes,  from  Consumption,  from  Pneumonia,  and 
from  Typhoid  Fever;  also  the  Per  Cent  of  Deaths  from 
Consumption,  Pneumonia,  and  Typhoid  Fever,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 


Six. 

. 

«D 
O 

00 

0 

8 

3 

Consump- 
tion. 

Pneumonia. 

Typhoid 
Fbvir. 

STATE 

AND 

GEOGRAPHICAL 
DIVISIONS.  • 

• 

*-» 
8 

Q 

o 
*« 
o 

.0 

a 

a 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

• 

m 
si 

«■» 

8 

Q 

O 

! 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

• 
CD 

•** 
8 

Q 

o 

i* 

1 

0 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

[Total 

• 

18,871 

1,467 

10.97 

641 

4.79 

620 

4.64 

State. b- 

Females... 

7,182 
6,162 

720 

747 

10.08 
12.12 

892 
249 

5.46 
4.04 

840 
2S0 

4.73 

4.54 

k  Unknown.. 

27 

i 

* 

'Total 

682 

47 

8.88 

7 

1.82 

17 

%8.20 

Females... 
.Unknown.. 
[Total 

814 

216 

2 

860 

24 
28 

7.64 
10.65 

5 
2 

1.59 
.98 

9 

8 

2.87 
8.70 

26 

7.22 

18 

8.61 

24 

6.67 

184 

12 

6.52 

7 

8.S0 

12 

6.52 

t  Females... 

176 

14 

7.05 

6 

8.41 

12 

6.82 

1 
i 

'Total- 

144 

14 

0.72 

8 

2.08 

5 

8.47 

1 

1 

Males 

.Females... 

68 
61 

11 
8 

18.25 
4.92 

8 

4.92 

5 

8.20 

'Total 

86 

10 

ell  .68 

0 

2 

2.88 

48 

6 

18.95 

1 

2.88 

« 

.Females... 

43 

4 

9.80 

1 

2.88 

TotaL. 

1,420 

128 

9.01 

66 

4.65 

85 

5.99 

Females ... 
„  Unknown.. 

766 

601 

8 

60 
68 

7.68 
10.45 

48 
28 

5.61 
8.58 

48 
42 

5.61 
6.45 

•  For  counties  included  in  each  Division  see  page  261. 

b  For  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  deaths  in  1872  were  received, 
see  Exhibit  H,  pages  217  to  218;  for  those  in  which  no  deaths  occurred,  see  Exhibit  I, 
page  219. 

°  More  than  an  average  per  cent,  of  deaths  from  Consumption,  and  less  than  an 
average  per  cent,  of  deaths  from  Pneumonia,  or  vice  versa.  This  is  the  case  in  four 
out  of  the  eleven  geographical  divisions. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH— CONSUMPTION,  ETC* 


389 


TABLE  XXIV.— Continued. 


Six. 

• 

s 

O 

3 

Consump- 
tion. 

PXXUXOKIA. 

Typhoid 
Fbveb. 

GEOGRAPHICAL 
DIVISIONS. 

• 

m 
•** 

.  s 

a 

o 

1 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

• 

xa 

s 

3 
o 

h 
O 

% 

a 

Per  Cent  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

£ 

•8 

Q 

o 

1 

0 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
flrom  All  Causes. 

'Total- 

181 

21 

•  11.60 

8 

•4.42 

15 

8.29 

Males     . 
Females ... 
.Unknown.. 

94 

86 

1 

7 
14 

7.46 
16.27 

7 
1 

7.45 
1.16 

11 

4 

11.70 
4.65 

1 

r  Total. 

9,297 

260 

11.82 

189 

6.05 

147 

6.40 

! 

Males 

Females ... 
,  Unknown.. 
[Total 

1,198 

1,096 

8 

1,971 

112 
149 

9.89 
18.60 

91 

48 

748 
4.88 

80 
67 

6.70 
6.11 

1S9 

•  9.59 

114 

•5.78 

80 

4.06 

Females... 
k  Unknown.. 
r  Total.,. 

1,076 

694 

1 

1,809 

101 
88 

9.89 
9.84 

69 
45 

4.41 
5.08 

48 
82 

446 

8,5$ 

160 

11.46 

72 

5.50 

64 

4.81 

Southwestern ...........  - 

Males 

Females... 

Til 
694 

74 
76 

10.41 
12.79 

45 
27 

6.88 
4.65 

85 
29 

4.92 

4.88 

.Unknown.. 
rTotaL. 

4 

2,682 

848 

18.08 

187 

6.20 

188 

5.05 

Southern  Central.. • 

Males 
Females... 

• 

.Unknown.. 

1,877 

1,268 

2 

169 
134 

11.66 
14.68 

82 
65 

6.95 
4.47 

74 
59 

5.8T 
4.70 

[Total.    .... 

2,489 

279 

•  11.44 

82 

•  8.86 

48 

1.9.7 

Southeastern... ......... « 

Males 

Females... 

1,841 
1,092 

154 
129 

11.48 
11.45 

48 
89 

8.20 
8.57 

27 
21 

2.01 

1.91 

Unknown.. 

6 

•  More  than  an  average  per  cent,  of  deaths  from  Consumption,  and  less  than  an 
average  per  cent,  of  deaths  from  Pneumonia,  or  vice  versa.  This  is  the  ease  in  four 
oat  of  the  eleven  geographical  divisions. 


6IXTH   EEGIBTHATIOW  BEPORT. 


TABLE  XXV.— Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  by  Counties, 
for  the  year  1872,  the  number  of  Deaths  from  All  Causes, 
from  Consumption,  from  Pneumonia,  and  from  Typhoid 

Fever ;  also,  the  Per   Cent,  of  Deaths  from  Consumption, 
Pneumonia,  and  Typhoid  Fever,  to  Deaths  from  All  Causes. 


3 

is, a  n 

COH»U*PTI0N. 

<™«-- 

■?SSL° 

STATE  AND  COUNTIES. 

3 

a 

I 

1,497 

1 

49 

» 

18 
£1 

6 
*3 

m 

M 

10 

s 

."  ■ 

a 

o 

1 
1 

s 

Lit 

| 
I 
j 

610 

11 

II 
si 

SUM 

10.M 
ll.1t 

B.1S 
1.09 

13.19 
6.08 
8.  DO 
1.78 
11.96 
14.01 
12.61 
8.06 

464 

Alcona. 

881 

ss 

SOB 

n 

SOI 
SOT 

1S6 
M 

1> 

81 

8 

138 

263 

as 
ssi 

All 

M 
1 
1 

• 
IS 

6 
U 
13 
IB 

T 

T.BT 

*^ 

8.08 
6.40 
8.06 
1.88 
3.48 
t.M 
4.W 

..» 

Ba 

448 

418 

8.61 

Berrien 

8  IT 

Branchy 

4.89 

its 

Chebojgra  

1 

316 

« 

9.85 

u 

85 

a 
so 

7 
10 
•1 

11.05 
14.08 
l.lt 

11.99 

4.71 

18 

7  51 

4.66 

U 

3.81 

Geneie* 

11 

438 

Grand  Te»w 

1.03 
8.19 

*OS 

Gratiot 

514 

•  Except  townships  not  represented  by  Returns  of  Deaths  In  11 
b'So  return*  of  deatia  to  ills  Department. 


CAUSES  OP  DEATH — CONSUMPTION,  ETC. 


391 


TABLE   XXV.— Continued, 


• 
Bl 

(0 
0 

8 

< 

Consumption. 

Pneumonia. 

Typhoid 
Fiyib. 

COUNTIES. 

• 

m 
xi 

w 

S 

Q 

C 

n 

B 

o 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

• 

• 

Xi 

4-* 
« 

p 

%-. 

o 
u 

Q> 

Xi 

a 

0 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

d 

xi 

w 

S 

ft 

o 

*4 

Xi 

a 

0 

55 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths 
from  All  Causes. 

Huron...................... 

128 
118 
806 
804 

89 

49 
865 
889 

21 
567 

89 

9 

219 

72 
862 
186 

12 

6 
41 
88 

5 
14 
48 
44 

1 
58 

8 

9.88 

5.81 
18.40 
10.86 
12.82 
28.57 
11.78 
12.98 

4.76 
10.28 

7.69 

I 

5 

16 

21 

1 

.78 

5 
17 
25 

4.42 
5.56 
8.22 

4.42 

Ionia ................. 

5.28 
6.91 

Iosco.. ............ ........* 

1M 

Isabella 

5 
16 
16 

2 
28 

10.20 
4.88 
4.73 
9.52 
4.06 

Jackson...... ...... ........ 

18 

18 
1 

80 
1 
2 
8 
7 

21 
6 

4.98 

Kalamazoo................. 

8.88 

Kalkaska......... ...... 

4.76 

Kent 

5.29 

Keweenaw.................* 

2.56 

Lake  ..  ............. ..» 

22.22 

Lapeer ................. . 

26 
6 

86 
14 

11.87 
8.88 
9.94 

10.29 

21 

1 

15 

4 

9.59 
1.89 
4.14 
2.94 

8.65 

Leelanaw... ........ ........ 

9.72 

Lenawee........ .. . ...... 

5.80 

Livingston ................. 

4.41 

Mackinac .............. ....b 

187 

107 

8 

298 

55 

67 

18 

67 

8 

191 

217 

26 
6 

18.90 
5.61 

6 

4 

8.21 
8.74 

1 

7 

.58 

Manitou..... ..........a 

6.54 

• 

Menominee.............. 

25 
2 
8 

8.58 
8.64 
5.26 

4 
8 
2 
2 
1 

1.87 
5.45 
8.51 
11.11 
1.49 

18 
7 
2 

4.44 

12.74 
8.51 

Midland • 

Missaukee...... ...... ....» 

4 

1 

27 
19 

5.97 
12.50 
14.14 

8.76 

18 
1 
8 

88 

19.40 
12.50 

7 
16 

8.66 
7.87 

1.57 
15.21 

•  Except  townships  not  represented  by  Returns  of  Deaths  in  1872.    See  pages  217- 
21 8. 
b  No  returns  of  deaths  to  this  Department. 


SIXTH   BKGISTBAXION   BEPOKT. 


TABLE  XXV.— Continued. 


S 

a 

IO 
69 

MO 

in 

IE 
18 

406 
11 
658 
1U 

T 

in 
«i 

in 

181 
MS 
MS 

1,7(1 

ii 

CoKaoMirioF. 

1 

i 

S 
\ 

8.55 
8.88 
4.87 
8.15 

*S5S 

COUNTIES. 

J 

I 
•s 

a 

8 

a 

1 

S 

9 

it 

1$ 

t 

7 
17 

1 

1 
W 
IT 

n 
ss 

65 

IMS 
1I.H 
11.81 
14.1T 

!o.w 

T.l* 

T.ea 

13.18 
11.81 

10.3* 

10.15 
11.60 
16.08 

851 

IfektMri 

SOO 

OCM.M, 

151 

Ontoni  o 

OicmIi- 

» 

7.14 

(.40 

M 

14  IS 

Ott*m 

P             111 

81 
S 
1 

B 

IB 
65 

7.05 

14.M 
BM 

8.17 
S.1S 
8.8S 
8.00 
4.M 
8.11 
1.60 

ft 

8.83 

10 

s 
11 

15 
14 
21 
85 

SLClllr 

10,65 

Washtenaw » 

5.74 

Wesford 

*  Except  townakfpg  not  represented  bj  Betnrns  of  Deaths  li 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH — OLD  AGE,  ETC. 


393 


TABLE  XXVI. — Exhibiting  for  the  State  and  Eleven  Geo- 
grapJiical  Divisions  of  Michigan,  by  Sex,  the  Number  of 
Deaths  at  All  Ages,  from  Old  Age,  of  all  Aged  70  and  Over, 
and  of  all  Aged  under  5 ;  also  the  Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from 
Old  Age,  of  All  Aged  70  and  Over,  and  of  all  Aged  Under  5, 
to  Deaths  at  All  Ages,  for  the  year  1872. 


STATE 

Sex. 

• 

00 

M 

< 

< 

Old  Age. 

Aged  70  and 
Over. 

Aged  Un- 
der 5. 

AND 

GEOGRAPHICAL 
DIVISIONS.  » 

Number   of 
Deaths. 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths   at 
All  Ages. 

Number  of 
Deaths. 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths    at 
All  Ages. 

Number  of 
Deaths. 

-  Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths   at 
All  Ages. 

'Total 

18,871 

400 

2.99 

1,094 

8.18 

5,552 

41.52 

Males 

Females... 
.Unknown.. 

7,182 

6,162 

27 

187 
218 

2.60 
8.46 

629 
465 

8.72 
7.55 

8,048 

2,438 

21 

42.44 
40.80 

77.77 

, 

Total 

682 

• 

6 

1.13 

7 

1.82 

808 

57.89 

Females... 

Unknown.. 

fTotal 

814 

216 

2 

860 

2 
4 

.64 
1.86 

4 
8 

1.28 
1.89 

169 

188 

1 

212 

68.82 
68.89 
50.00 

2 

.56 

16 

4.44 

53.89 

- 

„  Females.. . 

184 

176 

1 
1 

.64 

.57 

11 

5 

5.98 
2.84 

105 
107 

57.07 
60.80 

J 

[Total  

144 

3 

2.08 

7 

4.86 

88 

57.64 

.Females... 

83 
"61 

1 
2 

1.20 
8.28 

5 
2 

6.02 
3.28 

46 

87 

55.42 
60.66 

1 

fTotal 

86 

2 

2.88 

48 

60.00 

•           i 

.Females... 

43 

1 

2.88 

24 

55.81 

1 

48 

1 

2.88 

19 

44.18 

r  Total. 

1,420 

84 

2.89 

95 

6.69 

659 

46.41 

Females... 
.Unknown.. 

766 

651 

3 

16 
18 

2.09 
2.76 

60 
85 

7.88 
5.88 

868 
295 

1 

47.89 
45.82 
88.33 

»  For  counties  included  in  each  Division,  see  Exhibit  J,  page  261. 

b  For  counties  and  townships  from  which  no  returns  of  deaths  in  1872  were  received, 
see  Exhibit  H,  pages  217  to  218 ;  for  those  in  which  no  deaths  occurred,  see  Exhibit  I, 
page  219. 

50 


394 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXVL— Continued. 


GEOGRAPHICAL 
DIVISIONS. 


Northern  Central. 


Central 


Bay  and  Eastern. 


Southwestern. 


Southern  Central-. 


Southeastern.. 


< 


-I 


■I 


-I 


f  Total 

Males 

Females.. 
.Unknown, 
f  Total 

Males 

Females . . 
h  Unknown. 

Total 

Males 

Females . . 

Unknown. 
f  Total 

Males 

Females  .. 
.Unknown, 
f  Total 

Males 

Females.. 
.Unknown. 

Total 

Males 

Females . . 

Unknown. 


181 

94 

86 

1 

2,297 

1,198 

1,096 

8 

1,971 

1,076 

894 

1 

1,309 

711 

594 

4 

2,682 

1,377 

1,253 

2 

2,439 

1,841 

1,092 

6 


Old  Age. 

Aged  70  and 
Oyer. 

Aged  Un- 
der 5. 

Number   of 
Deaths. 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths   at 
All  Ages. 

Number  of 
Deaths. 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths    at 
All  Ages. 

Nomber  of 
Deaths. 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths    at 
All  Ages. 

4 

2.21 

8 

4.42 

73 

40.33 

4 

4.26 

7 

7.45 

89 

41.49 

1 

1.16 

34 

39.53 

81 

8.58 

224 

.    9.75 

879 

88.23 

31 

2.51 

122 

10.23 

4S9 

48.10 

60 

4.56 

102 

9.81 

883 

7 

34.95 

87.50 

46 

2.88 

92 

4.61 

925 

46.93 

28 

2.14 

49 

4.55 

527 

4S.9S 

28 

2.57 

48 

4.81 

397 
1 

478 

44.41 
100.00 

44 

8.86 

130 

9.98 

36.52 

23 

8.23 

77 

10.83 

267 

87.55 

21 

8.52 

53 

8.92 

208 

8 

864 

85.02 
75.00 

84 

8.19 

825 

12.35 

82.86 

42 

8.05 

197 

14.81 

471 

84.20 

42 

8.85 

128 

10.22 

891 

2 

10.28 

31.21 
100.00 

96 

3.94 

1SS 

7.71 

t 

42.11 

44 

8.28 

96 

7.16 

54S 

40.87 

52 

4.76 

92 

8.42 

474 

6 

43.41 
100.00 

»  For  counties  included  in  each  Division,  see  Exhibit  J,  page  261. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH — OLD  AGE,  ETC. 


395 


TABLE  XXVII. — Exhibiting,  for  the  State  and  Counties  of 
Michigan,  the  Average  Age  of  Inhabitants  of  each  Sex,  in 
1870,  the  Number  of  Deaths  at  All  Ages,  from  Old  Age,  of 
all  Aged  70  and  Over,  and  of  all  Aged  Under  5,  in  1872 ; 
also  the  Per  Gent,  of  Deaths  from  Old  Aget  of  all  Aged  70 
and  Over,  and  of  all  Aged  Under  5,  to  Deaths  at  All  Ages. 


STATE 

Average  Age 
of  Inhabit- 
ants June 
1,1870. 

All 
Ages. 

Old  Age. 

Aged  70 
and  Oyer. 

Aged 
Under  5. 

AND 

COUNTIES. 

• 

m 

8 

• 

on 
03 

B 

a 

o 

as 

o 

S3  03 

400 

<M  OS 

CD 

a  2  t>o 

o 

*  £3 

ag 

OD 

O 

.83 

5« 

t->    OS       . 

24.91 

28.68 

13,871 

2.24 

1,094 

8.18 

5,552 

41.52 

Alcona ...... ......    ...... 

23.26 

24.11 

28.46 

23.29 

24.74 

23.42 

25.84 

24.71 

26.67 

26.42 

24.93 

23.25 

22.37 

23.35 

27.50 

24.59 

25.48 

23.83 

25.72 

23.54 

23.85 

26.51 

21.64 

20.65 
23.26 
21.04 
21.84 
23.56 
21.12 
22.28 
23.26 
25.58 
25.48 
24.06 
21.20 
20.62 
23.17 
21.96 
28.48 
24.05 
24.00 
24.55 
21.98 
21.92 
25.29 
19.84 

17 

888 

19 

83 

203 

863 

75 

442 

801 

857 

156 

83 

19 

82 

8 

253 

263 

88 

277 

74 

171 

881 

128 

10 

105 

10 

12 

74 

198 

41 

208 

103 

111 

50 

19 

13 

14 

6 

120 

95 

22 

76 

89 

81 

1Q1 

88 

58.82 

Allegan 

12 

8.18 

34 

8.8S 

27.42 

Barry 

Bay 

52.68 

2 
9 
4 
1 

20 
7 

12 
8 

2 

6.06 
4.43 
1.10 
1.83 
4.53 
2.33 
8.86 
1.92 

6.25 

8 
25 

11 
8 
88 
86 
46 
25 
1 

2 

9.09 

12.82 

8.03 

4.00 

8.60 

11.96 

12.89 

16.03 

8.08 

6.25 

86.86 
36.45 
58.17 

54.67 

Berrien 

47.06 

Branch 

84.22 

Calhoun 

31.09 

Charlevoix » 

Cheboygan 

Chippewa 

82.05 
57.58 
68.42 
48.75 

Clare » 

75.00 

Clinton 

Eaton 

6 

10 
1 

18 

4 

7 
1 

2.87 
3.80 
2.63 
6.50 

2.34 
2.11 

.» 

19 
82 

8 
88 

3 

8 
43 

2 

7.51 
12.17 

7.S9 
13.72 

4.05 

4.63 
12.99 

1.56 

47.43 

8612 

Emmet 

57  89 

Genesee 

27.44 

Grand  Traverse 

52.70 

Gratiot 

Hillsdale 

Honghton » 

47.87 
30.51 
68.75 

»  Except  counties  and  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  deaths :  see  Exhibit 
H,  pages  217  to  218.    The  statement  of  average  age  is  of  all  inhabitants  of  the  State. 


396 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXVIL— Continued. 


COUNTIES. 


Huron 

Ingham 

Ionia 

Iosco * 

Isabella 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Kalkaska - 

Kent 

Keweenaw » 

Lake. • 

Lapeer 

Leelanaw 

Lenawee 

Livingston 

Macomb 

Manistee • 

Maniton * 

Marquette » 

Mason » 

Mecosta. * 

Menominee 

Midland » 

Missaukee. » 

Monroe * 

Montcalm • 

Muskegon • 

Newaygo » 

Oakland 


Average  Age 
of  Inhabit- 

All 

ants 

Jane 

Ageb. 

1, 1870. 

<M 

O 

• 

w 

h    « 

t 

eg 

a 

IS 

s* 

22.49 

20.21 

118 

25.09 

24.88 

806 

25.16 

24.07 

804 

28.99 

21.09 

89 

28.89 

20.49 

49 

26.71 

24.99 

865 

25.94 

25.10 

889 

24.38 

18.88 

21 

25.32 

24.00 

567 

21.98 

19.08 

89 

24.01 

20.6S 

9 

24.57 

28.10 

219 

28.40 

21.64 

72 

27.08 

26.15 

862 

26.01 

24.93 

186 

25.81 

24.83 

187 

28.55 

20.S7 

107 

22.49 

20.18 

8 

28.04 

20.00 

298 

24.27 

21.27 

55 

28.86 

20.97 

57 

28.79 

19.42 

13 

24.14 

21.58 

67 

26.05 

21.70 

8 

24.12 

28.28 

191 

28.64 

22.45 

217 

24.09 

22.00 

169 

28.51 

21.50 

59 

26.57 

25.81 

800 

Old  A  ok. 


as 


1 

15 
5 


18 
11 


19 
1 


10 

12 

4 
5 
1 


21 


«H    4/f-l 


.88 
4.90 
1.68 


4.98 
8.24 


8.85 
2.56 


4.57 

8.82 

2.94 

2.67 

.98 


.68 
1.82 
5.26 


1.49 


8.14 

2.80 

.59 


7.00 


Aged  70 
and  Over. 


eg 


2 

82 

2S 

2 

1 

86 
44 


58 


14 
8 
47 
12 
16 
4 


8 
1 

16 

17 

1 

8 

47 


.         * 


1.77 
10.46 
9.21 
5.13 
2.04 
9.86 
12.98 


10.23 


6.89 
4.17 
12.98 
8.82 
8.56 
8.74 


.68 


7.02 


4.4S 
12.50 

8.88 

7.83 
.59 

5.02 
15.67 


AGED 

Under  5. 


.OS 

S  * 


66 

127 

118 

17 

12 

135 

104 

17 

283 

12 

4 

88 

41 

189 

87 

77 

72 

1 

168 

82 

26 

14 

29 

5 

72 

90 

90 

29 

84 


a  2  be 


58.41 
41.50 
88.82 
48.59 
24.49 
86.99 
80.68 
80.95 
41.09 
80.TT 
44.40 
87.90 
56.94 
88.40 
27.21 
41.12 
67.29 
88.88 
57.80 
58.18; 
45.61 
77.78: 

48.80 

• 

62.50* 
87.70* 
41.47 
58.25. 
49.15. 
28.00 


a  Except  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  deaths ;  see  Exhibit  JET,  pages  217 
to  218.    The  statement  of  average  age  is  of  all  inhabitants  of  the  State. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH — OLD  AGE,   ETC. 


397 


TABLE  XXVIL— Continued. 


Average  Age 
of  Inhabit- 
ants Jane 
1,  1870. 

All 
Agues. 

Old  Age. 

Aged  70 
AND  Over. 

Aged 
Under  5. 

COUNTIES. 

i 

3 

• 

00 

o 
a 

a 

Nnmber  of 
Deaths. 

o 

*■*  00 

Sg 
1 

12 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths    at 
All  Ages. 

Number  of 
Deaths. 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths   at 
All  Ages. 

Number  of 
Deaths. 

Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths    at 
All  Ages. 

Oceana . 

24.08 
21.07 
28.27 
28.95 
25.18 
28.81 
22.80 
24.07 
24.69 
23.61 
25.85 
23.58 
25.24 
26.86 
24.87 
24.66 

22.57 
19.25 
20.52 
22.19 
19.88 
21.62 
20.62 
19.49 
28.67 
22.26 
24.75 
21.99 
23.90 
25.82 
28.54 
22.07 

127 

15 

28 

406 

11 

558 

144 

7 

167 

442 

211 

187 

828 

866 

1,761 

21 

.78 
2.96 

4 

1 

1 

28 

8.15 
6.67 
8.57 
6.90 

58 
9 

18 

195 

6 

250 

68 
8 

61 
205 

55 

60 
115 
116 
795 

18 

45.67 

Ontonagon 

60.00 

Ottawa 

64.29 
48.08 

Saginaw * 

54.55 

9 
4 

1.68 
2.77 

21 

S 

8.80 
5.56 

45.21 

Sanilac 

47.22 

Schoolcraft 

42.86 

Shiawassee 

5 
16 
8 
2 
9 
9 
64 

2.99 
8.62 
8.79 
1.46 
2.74 
2.46 
8.68 

18 
30 
29 

6 

83 

44 

109 

2 

7.78 

6.79 

13.74 

4.88 

10.06 

12.02 

6.19 

9.52 

86.52 

St.  Clair 

46.88 

St.  Joseph 

26.07 

VanBuren 

48.80 
85.06 

Washtenaw * 

Wayne 

31.69 
45.14 

Wexford • 

61.90 

*  Except  townships  not  represented  by  returns  of  deaths ;  see  Exhibit  H,  pages  217 
to  218.    The  statement  of  average  age  is  of  all  inhabitants  of  the  State. 


398 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 


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CAUSES   OF  DEATH — CONSUMPTION. 


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407 


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414 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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416 


SIXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 


EXHIBIT  Q. — The  Average  Age  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Michi- 
gan of  Both  Sexes,  of  Bach  Sex,  and  the  Difference  between 
the  Sexes,  for  all  Living  June  1, 1870,  and  all  returned  as 
having  Died  during  the  year  ending  June  1, 1870,  as  Com- 
piled  from  the  U.  S.  Census  of  that  date;  for  all  returned 
as  having  Died  from  Consumption  during  the  years  1870 
and  1872  ;  for  all  returned  as  having  Died  from  All  Causes 
during  the  years  1870, 1871,  and  1872,  as  shown  by  the  Reg- 
istration  Returns ;  for  all  Living  Aged  20  and  Over,  as 
per  Census  June  1, 1870  ;  for  all  Aged  20  and  over  whose 
Ages  and  Occupations  were  stated  in  the  Registration  Re- 
turns  of  Deaths  for  the  years  1870,  1871,  and  1872  ;  for  all 
who  died  Aged  20  years  and  over  as  shown  by  the  Registra- 
tion Returns  of  Deaths  for  1872  ;  and  tlte  Average  Age  at 
Death  of  persons  Aged  20  years  and  over,  as  indicated  in  the 
Life  Table  on  page  197  of  this  Report 


« 

* 
p 

M 


1 

2 
» 

4, 

5 

6 

t 
8 

» 

10 

11 

12 
18 


PERSONS. 


Average  Age  in  Years 
and  100th8  of  a  tsar. 


Deaths,  as  per  Census 

Living,  as  per  Census 

Deaths  as  shown  by  Registration  Returns 

Deaths  from  Consumption,  by  Registra- 
tion Returns 

All  Living  aged  20  y'rs  and  over,  per  Cens. 

All  aged  20  years  and  over  whose  occupa- 
tions were  stated  in  Registration  Re- 
turns of  Deaths 

Deaths  as  shown  by  Registration  Returns 

All  aged  20  years  and  over,  whose  occu- 
pations were  stated  in  Registration 
Returns  of  Deaths. 

Deaths  as  shown  by  Registration  Returns 

Deaths  from  Consumption,  by  Registra- 
tion Returns 

All  aged  20  years  and  over  whose  occu- 
pations were  stated  in  Registration 
Returns  of  Deaths.... 

All  who  died  aged  20  years  and  over,  as 
shown  by  Registration  Returns. 

"Average  Tears  of  Life"  after  the  age 
of  20  years,  as  shown  by  Table  VII., 
page  197,  plus  20  years,— indicating  for 
those  aged  20  years  and  over,  the  "Av- 
erage Age  at  Death,"  according  to  that 
Life  Table 


o 


24.79 
24.82 
28.50 

84.95 
8S.28 

51.01 
25.68 

51.44 
24.17 

85.05 

50.78 
49.72 


"3 


00 


B 


25.17 
24.91 
24.05 

8G.89 
88.61 

52.45 
26.78 

52.79 
25.09 

89.10 

51.90 
51.67 


68.72 


24.89 
28.63 
22.89 

88.14 

87.80 

45.96 
24.50 

46.45 
28.17 

81.19 

47.08 
47.42 


a  as 


62.02 


.78 
1.28 
1.16 

8.75 
.81 

6.49 
2.2S 

6.84 
1.92 

7.91 

4.82 
4.25 


Year  End- 
ing: 


June  1, 1870. 
June  1, 1870. 
Dec.  81, 1870. 

Dec.  81, 1870. 
June  1, 1870. 

Dec.  81,1870. 
Dec.  81, 1871. 

Dec.  8t,lS71. 
Dec.81,lS72. 

Dec.  81,1872. 

Dec.  81, 1872. 
Dec.  81,1372. 


1.70 


Dec.  81, 1870. 


AVERAGE  AGE  OF  DECEDENTS  AND    OF  INHABITANTS.     417 

The  following  is  the  rule  used  to  obtain  the  average  age : 
Multiply  the  number  at  each  age  by  the  age,  add  the  products, 
and  then  add  one-half  month  for  each  person  under  one  year 
of  age,  and  one-half  year  for  each  person  over  one  year  of  age, 
and  divide  the  sum  by  the  whole  number  of  inhabitants,  or 
persons  dead,  as  the  case  may  be,  less  the  number  at  unknown 
ages. 

Certain  lines  in  Exhibit  Q  are  so  frequently  misinterpreted 
that  it  seems  best  to  point  out  what  the  compiler  believes  is 
the  reason  why  the  "Average  Age"  of  all  persons  living  in 
Michigan,  as  shown  by  this  Exhibit,  is  only  24.91  years  for 
males,  and  23.68  years  for  females,  while  the  "Average  Years 
of  Life,"  as  shown  by  Table  VII.,  page  196  of  this  Keport,  is 
43.79  years  for  males,  and  44.24  years  for  females.  The  last 
mentioned  statements  would  be  the  average  ages  of  males  and 
females  in  such  a  theoretical  "  fixed  population  "  as  would 
exist  in  this  State  if  the  death-rate  is  as  shown  in  Table  VIL, 
and  if  the  births  just  equaled  the  deaths  and  thus  maintained 
said  "fixed  population."  But  the  births  in  Michigan  greatly 
exceed  the  deaths,  and  on  account  of  this,  and  of  other  causes, 
the  actual  Average  Age  of  the  inhabitants  was  in  1870  as 
stated  in  this  Exhibit.  We  may  compare  these  statements 
with  those  in  Table  VIL,  as  follows: 

Males.    Females. 

Average  Years  of  Life  in  Michigan 43.79      44.24 

Average  Age  of  Inhabitants,  in  1870 24.91      23.68 

Difference,  in  Years 18.88      20.56 

From  which  it  appears  that  the  inhabitants  of  Michigan 
are,  on  an  average,  quite  young,  compared  with  such  a  pop- 
ulation as  the  death-rate  would  allow.  This  fact  should  be 
borne  in  mind  in  considering  the  death-rate  when  computed 
simply  by  per  cent,  of  deaths  to  total  population,  as  is  the 
usual  method ;  because  the  death-rate  thus  computed  depends 
much  upon  the  age  of  the  inhabitants,  being  larger  among 
the  very  old  and  the  very  young. 

Exhibit  Q  contains  statements  which  permit  of  many  inter- 


418  SIXTH  REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 

• 

esting  comparisons,  a  few  of  which  may  be  mentioned  for  the 
purpose  of  introducing  some  of  the  subjects.  It  will  be  seen 
that  the  lines  giving  ages  of  all  persons  Living  and  of  those 
who  died  in  the  year  1870  do  not  show  much  variation  in  the 
ages.  Lines  numbered  5  and  12 — concerning  persons  aged  20 
years  and  over,  giving  the  ages  of  those  living  in  1870,  and 
of  thos?  who  died  in  1872 — can  profitably  be  compared ;  as  also 
can  lines  numbered  11  and  12,  this  comparison  indicating 
something  as  to  whether  the  occupation  is  more  completely 
returned  at  some  ages  than  at  others,  and  thus  indicating  the 
value  of  Table  XXIX.  A  comparison  of  lines  numbered  11 
and  13  shows  that  the  average  ages  of  those  aged  20  years  and 
over,  whose  occupation  was  stated,  does  not  equal  the  average 
age  at  death  of  those  at  such  ages,  according  to  the  Life  Table 
in  his  Keport.  This  might  be  owing  to  one  of  three  facts:  lr 
the  Life  Table  may  not  correctly  express  the  facts,  as*  it  is  not 
based  on  absolute  knowledge,  but  upon  the  best  data  available  ;. 
2,  the  inhabitants  of  the  State  aged  20  years  and  over  may 
not  average  as  old  as  the  Life  Table  would  lead  us  to  believe 
persons  at  such  ages  would  average  in  a  "  fixed  population  9r 
harmonizing  with  the  death-rate  in  this  State;  3,  the  deaths 
reported  for  the  year  1872  may  have  been  exceptional.  A 
comparison  of  lines  numbered  12  and  13  can  be  made,  bear- 
ing in  mind  the  three  above-mentioned  explanations. 

Table  XXIX.  exhibits  the  occupation  of  3,731  decedents  in 
1872.  This  number  is  greater  than  has  been  tabulated  in 
former  years.  The  evidence  as  to  the  average  age  of  decedents 
does  not  vary  much  from  that  in  former  years.  Both  these 
facts  are  encouraging  as  showing  improvements  in  the  returns,, 
and  uniformity  of  results.  A  comparison  of  lines  11  and  1$ 
in  Exhibit  Q  furnishes  an  indication  of  the  representative 
character  of  this  table.  The  average  age  of  all  specified  in 
the  table  is  slightly  less  than  in  former  years;  and  the  classes, 
in  which  the  average  age  was  slightly  less,  are  as  follows: 
II. — Active  Mechanics  Abroad ;  and  V. — Laborers — No  Spe- 
cial Trades. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH — OCCUPATIONS. 


419 


TABLE  XXIX. — Exhibiting,  by  Classified  Occupations,  the 
Number,  with  the  Aggregate  and  Average  Ages,  of  all 
whose  Occupations  and  Ages  were  returned,  of  those  Aged 
20  Years  and  Over, — One-half  Year  added  to  Age  of  each 
Person,  in  place  of  Months  and  Days  Excluded. 


at 

•< 
a 
O 


I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

I. 


II. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


All  Specified  Occupations.. 

Cultivators  of  the  Earth 

Active  Mechanics  Abboad 

Active  Mechanics  in  Shops 

Inactive  Mechanics  in  Shops.., 
Laborers— No  Special  Trades. 
Agents,  Laborers  Abroad,  Etc 

Seafaring  Men 

Soldiers 

Business  Men 

Professional  Men.. 

Unemployed , 

Females 

Cultivators  of  the  Earth 

Farmers 

Farm  Laborers 

Farmers'  Sous 

Gardeners 

Nurserymen 

Retired  Farmers 

Active  Mechanics  Abroad 

Carpenters 

Carpenters  and  Joiners 

Hewers 

Joiners 

Masons 

Painters 


a 
o 

00 
Imi 

a> 

Ah 


o 
5 


8,731 

1,469 
157 
220 

87 
484 
189 

51 

1 

147 

66 

58 
907 

1,469 
1,455 
1 
1 
8 
2 
2 

157 

92 

5 

1 

14 
18 
17 


Age,— in  Years. 


Aggregate. 


139,263.5(1 

82,227.50 
7,785.50 

11,074.00 
4,447.50 

1S,602.00 
6,489.50 
2,177.50 
72.50 
6,862.50 
3,494.00 
8,875.50 

42,705.50 

82,227.50 

81,434.50 

20.50 

25.50 

4S0.00 

81.00 

186.00 

7,785.50 

4,698.00 

258.50 

29.50 

599.00 

1,036.00 

626.50 


Average. 


50.78 

55.9S 
49.59 
50.84 
51.12 
42.86 
43.88 
42.70 
72.50 
46.69 
52.94 
68.69 
47.0S 

55.9S 
56.00 
20.50 
25.50 
60.00 
40.50 
68.00 

49.50 

51.01 

50.70 

29.50 

42.70 

57.5$ 

86.82: 


420 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXIX.— Continued.—  Occupations  of  Decedents. 


occupations. 

* 

Ob 

a 
o 

CO 

& 

o 

■ 

o 

Age,— in  Years. 

• 

Cfa 

< 

6 

Aggregate. 

Average. 

ii. 

Active  Mechanics  Abroad— (Continued). 
Ship-carpenters... 

5 
5 

220 
7 
1 

42 
1 
1 
8 

12 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

24 
1 

12 
1 
1 
1 
7 
1 
5 

2S 
8 
6 
6 
1 

240.50 
807.50 

11,074.00 

822.50 

81.50 

2,289.00 

22.50 

29.50 

116.50 

650.00 

148.00 

65.50 

72.50 

24.50 

71.50 

24.50 

1,870.00 

47.50 

502.00 

27.50 

41.50 

24.50 

881.50 

26.50 

206.50 

1,883.00 

404.00 

809.00 

266.00 

66.50 

48.10 

Stone-masons 

61.50 

in. 

Active  Mechanics  in  Shops 

50.84 

Bakers 

46.07 

Basket-makers.. 

81.50 

Blacksmiths 

54.50 

22.50 

Book-makers 

29.50 

Brewers.. .......... . 

8S.8S 

Cabinet-makers... 

54.17 

Carriage-makers 

74.00 

Carvers 

65.50 

Chair-makers 

72.50 

Cheese-makers 

24.50 

Cloth-  fullers.. 

71.50 

Cooks 

24.50 

Coopers... 

57.08 

Dyers 

4.7.50 

Engineers 

41.S3 

Finishers  of  Furniture 

27.50 

Foundrymen 

41.50 

Gilders 

24.50 

54  50 

Hoop-makers... 

26  50 

Machinists 

41.80 

Mechanics 

47.61 

Millers 

Millwrights 

50.50 
51  50 

Moulders 

44.83 

66.50 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH — OCCUPATIONS. 


42  L 


TABLE  XXIX. — Continued. — Occupations  of  Decedents. 


OCCUPATIONS. 

• 
BO 

a 
o 

<D 
t- 

a, 

O 

• 

o 

Age,— in  Years. 

m 

n 

(A 

< 

Aggregate. 

Average. 

in. 

Active  Mechanics  in  Shops— (Con tinned). 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

7 
1 
9 
1 
2 
1 

11 
5 
2 

87 
6 
2 
1 
1 
6 
4 
6 
2 

85 

18 

2 

4 

484 
2 

56.50 

54.50 

40.50 

86.50 

40.50 

281.50 

26.50 

416.50 

68.50 

102.00 

24.50 

527.50 

847.50 

142.00 

4,447.50 

217.00 

86.00 

29.50 

87.50 

279.00 

225.00 

251.00 

144.00 

1,908.50 

1,019.00 

44.00 

212.00 

18,602.00 
118.00 

56.50 

Plasterers .......... 

54.50 

Polishers  .................. ....... . 

40.50 

Puddlers 

86.50 

Pump-makers. 

40.50 

Sawyers 

40.21 

Shingle-makers .. 

26.50 

Stone-cutters 

46.23 

58.50 

Tinsmiths 

51.00 

Turners  _...._.. .. ... .... 

24.50 

Wagon-makers... 

47.95 

Weavers.... ............. . . 

69.50 

Wheelwrights... ........ 

71.00 

IV. 

Inactive  Mechanics  in  Shops 

51.12 

Barbers 

86.17 

Book-binders...... .......................... 

48.00 

Cigar  makers 

29.50 

Goldsmiths 1..... 

87.50 

Harness  makers ............. ................ 

46.50 

r    Jewelers..................................... 

56.25> 

Printers „_._.. 

41.88 

Saddlers 

72.00 

Shoemakers 

54.89 

Tailors. 

56.61 

Telegraph  Operators 

22.00 

Tobacconists 

58.00 

v. 

Laborers— No  Special  Trades. 

42.86- 

Ditchers... 

56.50 

422 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXIX.— Continued.— Occupations  of  Decedents. 


OCCUPATIONS. 

ao 

a 
o 

00 

O 

• 

o 

Age,— in  ' 

Fears. 

• 

Aggregate. 

Average. 

V. 

Laborers— No  Special  Trades— {Continued.) 
Firemen . 

838 
81 

189 
6 
1 
6 

18 
1 
1 
1 
7 
2 
2 
1 
1 

24 
2 
1 

85.50 
41.50 
89.50 
41.50 
50.50 

16,825.00 
22.50 
24.50 

1,182.50 
63.00 
24.50 
28.50 
54.50 
55.50 

6,489.50 

268.00 

4S.50 

191.00 

516.50 

58.50 

55.50 

80.50 

422.50 

SI  .00 

107.00 

20.50 

85.50 

1,870.00 

71.00 

51.50 

85.50 

General  Work ..... 

41.50 

Greasers ...... 

89.50 

House-keepers .. . ... . .. 

41.50 

Janitors ... 

50.50 

Laborers ...... . 

43.36 

Mill  Hands 

22.50 

"Mill  Men" 

24.50 

Miners _ 

83.15 

Porters 

31.50 

Raftsmen 

24.50 

Waiters : 

28.50 

Watchmen _ 

54.50 

Well-dierffers 

55.50 

yi. 

Agents,  Laborers  Abroad,  Etc 

46.33 

i 

Agents _ _ ...... 

44.67 

i 

Bap-tenders 

43.50 

i 

Brakemen 

SI. S3 

i 

39.78 

i 

Commercial., L    L  , 

53.50 

Commercial  Agents 

55.50 

i 

Conductors _ _ 

30.50 

j 
* 

Draymen 

60.36 

i 

Drovers 

40.50 

1 

1 

Farriers 

53.50 

Fiddlers 

20.50 

Foremen  over  Laborers 

85.50 

Hack  Drivers.... 

57.08 

Hackmen ._ 

35.50 

House-movers  _......_.... .............. 

51.50 

CAUSES  OP  DEATH — OCCUPATIONS. 


423 


TABLE  XXIX. — Continued.— Occupations  of  Decedents. 


m 

CO 


-VI. 


II. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


VIII. 


Agents,  Laborers  Abroad,  Etc.— (Con.) 

Hunters 

Light-keepers 

Livery-keepers * 

Livery  Men 

Lumbermen 

Milk  Men 

Mining  Agents 

Musicians 

News  Agents 

Peddlers 

Railroading 

B. -B.  Conductors 

B.  B.  Employes 

B.  B.  Engineers -. 

B.  B.  Hands 

B.  B.  Laborers k 

B.  B.  Men 

Street  Car  Conductors 

Teamsters 

Trappers 

Woods  Laborers : 

Seafaring  Men 

Fishermen 

Lake  Captains 

Sailors «. 

Sea  Captains 

D.  S.  Naval  Captains 

Soldiers 

Soldiers 


CD 

P 

o 

CO 

Age,— in  Tears. 

cy 

O 

Aggregate. 

Average. 

4 

158.00 

88.25 

1 

89.50 

89.50 

1 

88.50 

83.50 

2 

81.00 

40.50 

27 

1,248.50 

46.24 

1 

54.50 

54.50 

1 

85.50 

85.50 

1 

89.50 

89.50 

1 

21.50 

21.50 

7 

856.50 

50.98 

2 

54.00 

27.00 

8 

83.50 

27.88 

1 

50.50 

50.50 

2 

64.00 

42.00 

2 

108.00 

51.50 

1 

40.50 

40.50 

1 

28.50 

23.50 

1 

83.50 

33.50 

8 

422.00 

52.75 

2 

75.00 

87.50 

1 

24.50 

24.50 

51 

2,177.50 

42.70 

T 

299.r0 

42.79 

4 

196.00 

49.00 

8S 

1,585.00 

40.89 

j 

88.50 

83.50 

1 

68.50 

68.50 

1 

72.50 

72.59 

1 

72.50 

72.50 

424 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


TABLE  XXIX.— Continued. — Occupations  of  Decedents. 


CD 
CCJ 


IX. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


Business  Mkn 

Bankers 

Book-keepers 

Brokers 

Builders 

Batter  and  Egg  Dealers 

Clerks 

Clothiers 

Contractors 

County  Clerks  and  Registers  ... 
Cradle  and  Rake  Manufacturers 

Druggists 

Express  Agents 

Flour  Merchants 

Grocers 

Grocery  Clerks 

Hotel-keepers 

Insurance  Agents 

Justices 

Justices  of  the  Peace 

Land  Agents , 

Land  Dealers 

Liquor  Dealers 

Lumber  Inspectors 

Lumber  Merchants 

Merchants 

Manufacturers  of  Lumber 

Photographers 

Produce  Dealers 

R.  R.  Superintendents 

Real  Estate  Agents 


CD 

a 
o 

CO 

AGK,— IN  YXABS. 

o 

Aggregate. 

Average. 

o 

147 

6.S62.50 

46.63 

1 

61.50 

61.50 

2 

99.00 

49.50 

2 

189.00 

69.50 

1 

54.50 

54.50 

1 

78.50 

78.50 

20 

910.00 

85.00 

8 

178.50 

57.88 

2 

122.00 

61.00 

2 

78.00 

89.00 

1 

72.50 

72.50 

4 

186.00 

84.00 

1 

86.50 

86.50 

1 

47.50 

47.50 

7 

887.50 

48.21 

1 

22.50 

22.50 

15 

799.50 

58.80 

1 

22.50 

22.50 

1 

'     59.50 

59.50 

2 

187.00 

68.50 

1 

58.50 

53.50 

1 

45.50 

45.50 

2 

98.00 

49.00 

1 

88.50 

8S.50 

8 

188.50 

61.17 

33 

1,796.00 

47.26 

1 

89.50 

89.50 

1 

88.50 

88.50 

1 

• 

52.50 

52.5b 

1 

58.50 

58.50 

2 

105.00 

52.50 

I) 


CAUSES  OP  DEATH — OCCUPATIONS. 


425 


TABLE  XXIX.— Continued.— Occupations  of  Decedents. 


at 


OCCUPATIONS. 


X. 


XL 


Business  Men— (Continued.) 

Salesmen 

Saloon-keepers 

Sewing  Machine  Agents 

Scribes 

Stave  Dealers - 

Stockholders 

Store-keepers 

Street  Commissioners. 

Tradesmen 

Vessel  Owners 

Professional  Men 

Artists 

Attorneys 

Civil  Engineers  and  Solicitors  of  Patents 

Dentists 

Dentists  and  Physicians 

Editors 

Judges 

Lawyers 

Ministers 

Physicians 

Poets 

Students 

Surveyors 

Teachers 

Veterinary  Surgeons 

Unemployed 

Paupers 

Retired 

Unemployed 

54 


a 

o 

m 

» 


I 


1 

10 
2 


Age,— in  Years. 


2 

1 

66 
8 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
9 

14 
19 
1 
4 
2 
5 
2 

63 
5 
4 

44 


Aggregate. 


24.50 
488.00 
67.00 
41.60 
37.60 
74.60 
25.60 
67.60 
110.00 
50.50 

8,494.00 

155.50 

46.50 

62.50 

9S.00 

62.50 

86.50 

72.50 

427.50 

852.00 

1,182.50 

28.50 

92.00 

88.00 

210.50 

84.00 

8,875.50 
815.60 
298.00 

2,762.00 


Average. 


24.60 
48.80 
88.50 
41.60 
87.60 
74.60 
26.50 
67.60 
55.00 
50.60 

52.94 


51.88 


46.60 
62.60 
49.00 
62.60 
86.60 
72.60 
47.60 
60.86 
62.24 
28.50 
28.00 
44.00 
42.10 
42.00 

68.69 
68.10 
74.60 
62.77 


426 


SIXTH  BEGISTBATION  BBPOBT. 


TABLE  XXIX. — Continued.— Occupations  of  Decedents. 


OCCUPATIONS. 

• 
OB 

P 
O 

a 
© 

%* 
o 

■ 

o 

Ag«,— iir  ' 

riABS. 

• 

Aggregate. 

Average. 

xn. 

FlXALIB.. ._. ._ 

907 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
8 
1 
1 
4 
9 

127 
8 
1 
81 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
8 

279 
86 
67 
I 
5 
8 
2 
1 
1 

42,705.50 
25.50 
59.50 
45.50 

184.00 
87.50 
58.50 
82.50 
84.50 
42.50 
56.50 

179.00 

800.50 
6,547.50 
82.50 
84.50 
8,788.50 
72.50 
26.50 
83.50 
70.00 
28.50 

155.50 

12,871.50 

4,070.00 

8,062.50 

84.50 

226.50 
92.50 

104.00 
26.50 
50.50 

1 

47.08 

"At  Home"- 

25.50 

Bakers*  Wives 

59.50 

45.50 

Boarding. 

67.00 

Book-keepers1  Wives.... 

87.50 

Carpet  Weavers... ■.... 

58.50 

Carpenters1  Wives 

82.50 

j    Cooks.... . 

28.17 

i 

!    Cotters  and  Fitters 

42.50 

i 

1    Detectives _ 

56.50 

t 

Domestics 

44.75 

i 

I    Dress-makers 

88.89 

Farmers. 

51.56 

■ 

i 
Farmers1  Daughters 

27.50 

Farmers1  Widows.... 

84.50 

Farmers1  Wives 

46.15 

Gardeners1  Wives 

72.50 

Help 

26.50 

Hotel  Clerks 

88.50 

• 
Hotel-keepers... . 

85.00 

Hotel  Landladies..... 

28.50 

Householders...... 

51.88 

House-keepers ...... ..... 

46.13 

Housewives........... 

47.88 

,    House-workers 

45.71 

•    Husbandmen ..... 

84.50 

> 
Laborers .. ............. ........ 

45.30 

Laborers1  Wives 

80.83 

Landladies 

52.00 

Masons1  Wives. 

26.50 

Mat-makers...... 

50.50 

CAUSES  OP  DEATH— OCCUPATIONS. 


427 


TABLE  XXIX.— Continued. — Occupations  of  Decedents. 

OCCUPATIONS. 

• 

« 
a 
o 

£ 

PL, 

V* 
O 

• 

o 

Age,— ik  Ykabi. 

m 

m 

m 
< 

6 

Aggregate. 

Average. 

Females— (Continued.) 

1 
1 

2 
1 
1 
6 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
4 
9 
2 
8 

22 

126 

8 

2 

24 

64.60 

84.60 

74.00 

66.60 

72.50 

282.00 

22.50 

48.50 

96.00 

111.00 

81.50 

84.50 

218.00 

289.50 

48.00 

174.50 

618.00 

6,S21.00 

164.50 

184.00 

951.00 

54.50 
84.60 
87.00 

Mid  wives. .......... ..................... 

56.50 

Millers. 

72.50 

Milliners 

88.67 

Mothers 

22.50 
48.50 

Music  Teachers 

48.00 

Paupers 

65.50 

Peddlers 

81.60 

Printers*  Wives 

84.60 

Seamstresses 

68.25 

Servants... 

26.61 

Students ... 

21.60 

Tailoresses 

58.17 

Teachers ...................... -... 

28.09 

Unemployed......... ....... .. .... 

54.18 

Washers.. 

54.88 

Weavers. 

67.00 

Wives 

89.68 

428 


8IXTH  REGISTRATION  RflPORT. 


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METEOROLOGICAL  TABLES.  429 

In  Exhibit  21,  the  statements  of  Atmospheric  Pressure  have 
evidently  been  "reduced  to  sea  level/'  This  was  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  Signal  Service  Bureau,  but  it  is  not  the  best 
method  for  purposes  of  comparison  with  the  actual  Atmos- 
pheric Pressure  in  other  localities,  in  studying  its  influence 
on  life  and  health.  It  is  given  here  because  it  is  the  best  data 
accessible,  and  serves  the  purpose  of  comparing  the  localities 
here  specified,  and  also  the  months  in  each  of  these  localities. 
Placed  on  record  in  this  connection  in  this  manner,  it  may  be 
possible  hereafter  to  get  statements  of  the  altitudes,  and  there- 
by correct  back  the  statements. 

In  Table  XXX.  the  observations  of  Atmospheric  Pressure 
have  not  been  "reduced  to  sea  level,"  but  show  the  actual 
pressure,  as  is  desirable  for  use  here.* 

The  data  for  Tables  XXX.  and  XXX I.  are  from  observa- 
tions made  by  Prof.  E.  0.  Kedzie,  M.  D.,  at  the  Agricultural 
College,  near  Lansing,  Michigan.  This  place  of  observation 
being  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  population  represented  by 
the  deaths  in  this  State,  the  meteorological  data  may  be  used 
for  purposes  of  studying  the  relations  of  deaths  from  the  vari- 
ous diseases  to  the  meteorological  conditions,  as  suggested  in 
a  note  on  page  374  of  this  Report,  until  such  time  as  more 
complete  statements  can  be  secured  for  different  parts  of  the 
State. 


430 


SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


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METEOROLOGICAL  TABLES. 


431 


TABLE  XXXI. — Exhibiting  the  Mean  Temperature;  the 
Highest  and  Lowest  Temperature;  the  Monthly  Range  ;  the 
Mean  Daily  Range;  the  Mean  Range  from  Day  to  Day  ; 
and  the  Greatest  Rise  or  Fall  of  Thermometer  in  24  Hours* 
and  in  H  Hours  for  each  Month  of  the  Year  1872,  at  the 
Agricultural  College,  near  Lansing,  Michigan. 


Thermometer,— Fahbenheit. 

YEAR 

AND 

Three  Observations 
Daily,— at  7  a.  m.,  2 

P.  M.,  AND  9  F.  M. 

Average 
Range. 

Greatest 

Change  in  24 

Hours. 

Greatest 

Change  in  14 

Hours,— 7  a.  m., 

to  9  P.  M. 

MONTHS, 

1872. 

• 

p 

8 

. 
oo 

•a 

m 

99 

41 
58 
53 
84 
35 
98 
99 
98 
92 
76 
58 
87 

• 
© 

o 

• 

o 
feu 

n 

8 

• 

>* 

•!-■ 

•s 

Q 

o 
&  • 

o  a 

* 

a 

o 

ST* « 

• 

a 

9 

•s 
£ 

YEAR 

45.54° 

-82 

181 

15.81° 

18.14° 

R.        48° 

Feb.  9 

R.        48* 

Feb.* 

January.... 
February .. 

April  ... 

May 

June 

July , 

August. .vw 
September. 

October 

November- 
December.. 

21.59° 

21.84 

24.75 

47*89 

68,48 

71.82 

74.91 

71.22 

62.08 

47.44 

29.80 

15.74 

-8 

-16 

-17 

20 

86 

55 

60 

47 

82 

22 

-2 

-82 

49 
69 
70 
64 
49 
48 
89 
46 
60 
54 
55 
69 

• 

20.41 
17.82 
16.10 
12.80 
16.40 
16.45 
15.82 
16.50 
18.89 
12.10 
12.08 

12.28° 

28.21 

19.97 

20.20 

18.65 

19.48 

19.55 

17.61 

19.00 

21.58 

18.48 

12.S6 

R.        22° 
R.        48 
F.         40 
F.        29 
F.        82 
R.&F.28 
R.        82 
R.        29 
R.        28 
R.        89 
F.        25 
R.        81 

15 

9 

5 

21 

1 

20,22 

8 

81 

28 

20 

8 

24 

R.&F.W. 
B.        48 
R.        88 
R.        27 
R.        27 
F.        28 
F.        26 
R.        29 
R.        28 
R.        89 
R.        24 
R.        81 

26,2fr 

9 

5 

20 

8 

22 

12 

81 

28 

20 

80 

24 

LAWS   OF   MICHIGAN 

CONCERNING  THE 

SOLEMNIZATION  OF  MABRIAGES, 

AND  THE 

RECORD,  RETURN,  AND  COMPILATION 

OP 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths? 

WITH 

Suggestions  to  Persons  Authorized  to  Solemnize 

Marriages  in  Michigan. 


CHAP.  CLXIX.,  COMPILED  LAWS  OF  1871. 


MARRIAGE    AND    THE    SOLEMNIZATION    THEREOF. 


Section.  Section. 

4719.  Who  shall  be  capable  of  contracting  4727.  No  particular  form  required. 

Marriage.  4728.  Forfeiture   for  joining  persons  in 

4720.  Marriage  is  a  civil  contract.  Marriage  contrary  to  law. 

4721.  Who  shall  not  intermarry.  4729.  Punishment  of  persons  unauthorized,. 
4728.  4724.  Who  not  to  marry.  etc. 

4725.  Marriage,  by  whom  solemnized.  4780.  Marriages  not  void  in  certain  cases. 

4726.  One  of  parties  to  be  examined  on  4781.  Marriages  among  Quakers,  etc. 

oath.  4782.  Certificates  and  record  made  evidence 

Chapter  Eighty-three  of  Revised  Statutes  of  1846.  * 

(4719.)  Section  1.  Every  male  who  shall  have  attained  the 
fall  age  of  eighteen  years,  and  every  female  who  shall  have 
attained  the  full  age  of  sixteen  years,  shall  be  capable  in  law 
of  contracting  marriage,  if  otherwise  competent. 

(4720.)  Sec  2.  Marriage,  so  far  as  its  validity  in  law  is  con- 
cerned, is  a  civil  contract,  to  which  the  consent  of  parties 
capable  in  law  of  contracting  is  essential. 

(4721.)  Sec.  3.  No  man  shall  marry  his  mother,  grand- 
mother, daughter,  granddaughter,  stepmother,  grandfather's 
wife,  son's  wife,  grandson's  wife,  wife's  mother,  wife's  grand- 
mother, wife's  daughter,  wife's  granddaughter,  nor  his  sister, 
brother's  daughter,  sister's  daughter,  father's  sister,  or  mother's 
sister. 

(4722.)  Sec.  4.  No  woman  shall  marry  her  father,  grand- 
father, son,  grandson,    stepfather,   grandmother's    husband,, 
daughter's    husband,    granddaughter's    husband,    husband's 
father,    husband's    grandfather,    husband's    son,    husband's 

•  For  prior  Statutes  relative  to  the  solemnization  of  Marriages,  see  Woodward. 
Code,  p.  42;  Cass  Code,  p.  Ill ;  Code  of  1820,  p.  259 ;  Rev.  of  1S27,  p. 280;  Laws  of  1882 
p.  6;  Rev.  of  1838,  p.  829;  R.  S.  of  1888,  p.  888. 


MARRIAGE  LAWS  OF  MICHIGAN.  435 

grandson,  nor  her  brother,  brother's  son,  sister's  son,  father's 
brother,  or  mother's  brother. 

(4723.)  Sec.  5.  No  marriage  shall  be  contracted  whilst  either 
of  the  parties  has  a  former  wife  or  husband  living,  unless  the 
marriage  with  such  former  wife  or  husband  shall  have  been 
dissolved. 

(4724.)  Sec.  6.  No  white  person  shall  intermarry  with  a 
negro,  and  no  insane  person  or  idiot  shall  be  capable  of 
contracting  marriage. 

(4725.)  Sec.  7.  Marriages  may  be  solemnized  by  any  justice 
of  the  peace  in  the  county  in  which  he  was  chosen,  and  they 
may  be  solemnized  throughout  the  State  by  any  minister  of 

« 

the  gospel  who  has  been  ordained  according  to  the  usages  of 
his  denomination,  and  who  is  a  pastor  of  any  church  or 
churches  in  this  State,  or  who  shall  continue  to  preach  the 
gospel  in  this  State :  Provided,  That  all  non-resident  minis- 
ters of  the  gospel  who  are  authorized  by  this  act  to  solemnize 
marriages,  shall  keep  proper  records  and  make  returns  as 
required  by  section  two,  chapter  sixteen  of  the  compiled  laws 
of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one.  • b 

(4726.)  Sec.  8.  All  justices  of  the  peace  and  ministers  of 
the  gospel  are  hereby  authorized  and  required,  before  solem- 
nizing any  marriage,  to  examine  at  least  one  of  the  parties  on 
oath,  which  oath  they  are  hereby  authorized  to  administer,  as 
to  the  legality  of  such  intended  marriage. 

(4727.)  Sec.  9.  In  the  solemnization  of  marriages,  no  par- 
ticular form  shall  be  required,  except  that  the  parties  shall 
solemnly  declare,  in  the  presence  of  the  magistrate  or  minister, 
and  the  attending  witnesses,  that  they  take  each  other  as  hus- 
band and  wife;  and  in  every  case  there  shall  be  at  least  two 
witnesses,  besides  the  minister  or  magistrate,  present  at  the 
ceremony. 

Sec.  10. c 

Sec.  11. c 

Sec.  12. c 
1   Sec.  13. € 

•  As  amended  by  Act  No.  8.1,  Laws  of  Mich  lean,  1878. 

*  Previous  to  1871  the  Mayor  of  Flint  was  also  authorized  to  solemnize  marriages, 
c  Repealed  by  Act  194,  Laws  of  1867,  p.  266,  Sec.  10. 


436  MARRIAGE  LAWS  OF  MICHIGAN. 

(4728.)  Sec.  14.  If  any  justice  of  the  peace  or  minister  of 
the  gospel  shall  join  any  person  in  marriage  contrary  to  the 
provisions  of  this  chapter,  he  shall  forfeit  for  every  such  offense 
a  sum  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars. 

(4729.)  Sec.  15.  If  any  person  shall  undertake  to  join  others 
in  marriage,  knowing  that  he  is  not  lawfully  authorized  so  to 
do,  or  knowing  of  any  legal  impediment  to  the  proposed  mar- 
riage, he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon 
conviction  thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment  in  the 
county  jail  not  more  than  one  year,  or  by  a  fine  not  less  than 
fifty  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  both  such  fine 
and  imprisonment,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

(4730.)  Sec.  16.  No  marriage  solemnized  before  any  person 
professing  to  be  a  justice  of  the  peace  or  a  minister  of  the 
gospel,  shall  be  deemed  or  adjudged  to  be  void,  nor  shall  the 
validity  thereof  be  in  any  way  affected,  on  account  of  any  want 
of  jurisdiction  or  authority  in  such  supposed  justice  or  min- 
ister: Provided,  The  marriage  be  consummated  with  a  full 
belief  on  the  part  of  the  persons  so  married,  or  either  of  them, 
that  they  have  been  lawfully  joined  in  marriage. 

(4731.)  Sec.  17.  The  preceding  provisions  of  this  chapter, 
so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  manner  of  solemnizing  marriages, 
shall  not  affect  marriages  among  the  people  called  Friends  or 
Quakers ;  nor  marriages  among  people  of  any  other  particular 
denomination  having,  as  such,  any  peculiar  mode  of  solem- 
nizing marriages;  but  such  marriages  may  be  solemnized  in 
the  manner  heretofore  used  and  practiced  in  their  respective 
societies  or  denominations. 

(4732.)  Sec.  18.  The  original  certificates  and  records  of  mar- 
riage made  by  the  minister  or  justice,  as  prescribed  in  this 
chapter,  and  the  record  thereof  made  by  the  county  clerk,  or 
a  copy  of  such  record  duly  certified  by  such  clerk,  shall  be 
received  in  all  courts  and  places  as  presumptive  evidence  of 
the  fact  of  such  marriage. 


-A.3ST  ACT 


TO  PROVIDE  FOR  THE 


REGISTRATION  OF  BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS. 

BEING  ACT  No.  194  OP  1867,  AS  AMENDED  BY  ACT  No.  125  OF  1869. 


Section  1.  The  People  of  the  State  of  Michigan  enact,  That  Duties  of 

8i\pervi8ors 

it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  supervisor  of  each  township,  and  the  and  assess. 


ors. 


supervisor  or  assessor  of  any  city  or  ward  therein,  in  this  State, 
between  the  tenth  day  of  April  and  the  first  day  of  June,  in 
the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  to  ascertain,  by  act-  J^JJJ^ 
ual  inquiry  or  otherwise,  of  the  inhabitants  thereof,  the  births™^ %%? 
and  deaths  which  have  occurred  in  their  respective  townships,   *°* 
cities,  or  wards,  from  and    including  April   fifth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-eight,  to  and  including  December  thirty- 
first,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  together  with  the  facts 
relative  thereto,  as  are  hereinafter  provided  for,  and  shall  make 
an  accurate  return  thereof  to  the  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  ^JSydik. 
such  township  or  city  is  situated,  on  or  before  the  first  said  day 
of  June;  and  for  such  service  shall  receive  ten  cents  for  each 
birth  and  death  so  returned  by  them,  to  be  paid  by  the  county 
in  which  such  returns  are  made.    In  the  vear  eighteen  hundred  in  1870  and 

0  thereafter. 

and  seventy,  and  in  each  and  every  year  thereafter,  it  shall  be 

the  duty  of  the  officers  above  mentioned,  between  the  tenth  Betums to 

'  include  from 

day  of  April  and  the  first  day  of  June,  to  ascertain,  by  actual  Jjnnary  to 
inquiry  or  otherwise,  of  the  inhabitants  thereof,  the  births jjjpwced" 
and  deaths  which  have  occurred  in  their  respective  townships,  statistics, 

how  ob- 

cities,  or  wards,  during  the  year  ending  on  the  last  day  of  thetained. 

preceding  December,  and  shall  make  the  return,  and  receive  compensa- 
tion. 

therefor  the  compensation   above  provided  for :    Provided, 

That  in  the  city  of  Detroit,  the  duties  required  by  this  act  to  Proviso  rela- 
tive to  the 

be  performed  by  supervisors  and  assessors  shall  be  performed  city  °* 


438  LAW  CONCERN  IKG  BIBTH8,  MARRIAGE8,  AND  DHATHS. 

by  persons  appointed  by  the  common  conncil  for  that  purpose ; 
Dotr  of       and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  common  council,  on  or  before 

common 

council.       the  tenth  day  of  April,  in  each  year,  to  appoint  such  number 

of  persona  in  each  ward  of  said  city  as  shall  be  necessary  to 

Persons  to    perform  said  duties  within  the  time  limited  by  this  act;  and 

be  appointed  x  J 

h?>  such  persons  shall  possess  all  the  authority  conferred  upon, 

and  perform  all  the  duties  required  of  supervisors  and  asses- 
sors, by  this  act,  within  the  territory  assigned  them  respect- 

compenn-   ively,  by  the  common  council,  and  shall  receive  such  compen- 

tion  of  per- 

•onitoap.    sation  for  their  services,  not  exceeding  the  sum  allowed   by 

pointed.  7  "  J 

this  act  to  supervisors  and  assessors,  as  shall  be  fixed  by  the 
How  paid,  common  council,  to  be  paid  by  the  county  of  Wayne,  and  shall 
Penalties,     be  liable  to  the  same  penalties  for  refusal  or  neglect  to  perform 

any  of  said  duties. 
Marriages  to     Sec  2.  Every  justice  of  the  peace,  minister  of  the  gospel, 

be  recorded.  *  ° 

and  all  other  persons  authorized  by  law  to  solemnize  marriages 

in  this  State,  shall  make  a  record  of  each  marriage  so  solem- 

Marriageof  nized  by  him,  and  every  clerk  or  keeper  of  the  records  of  the 

Quakers, 

meetings  in  which  any  marriage  among  the  Friends  or  Qua- 
kers shall  be  solemnized,  shall  make  a  record  of  such  marriage, 
together  with  all  the  facts  relating  to  the  same,  as  required  by 
certificates   the  third  section  of  this  act ;  and  such  justice,  minister  of  the 
nisbed.       gospel,  clerk,  or  other  person,  shall,  at  the  time  such  marriage 
is  solemnized,  deliver,  on  demand,  to  either  of  the  parties  so 
joined  in  marriage,  as  aforesaid,  a  certificate  of  such  marriage, 
containing  all  the  facts  in  relation  thereto,  required  by  said 
third  section  of  this  act,  and  shall,  within  ninety  days  there- 
after deliver  to  the  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  such  mar- 
reeforre-    riage  took  place,  a  certified  copy  of  such  record,  and,  at  the 
00     g*       same  time,  pay  to  the  clerk  twenty-five  cents  for  recording  the 

same.  * 
county  Sec.  3.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  county  clerks  of  the  sev- 

clerks  * 

duties  of.     eral  counties  in  this  State,  on  receiving  the  returns  of  such 

[  »  Blanks  for  return  of  marriages  to  the  county  clerk  are  prepared  by  the  Secretary 
of  State,  and  sent  to  the  clerks  of  the  several  counties,  from  whom  they  may  be  ob- 
tained npon  application.  ] 


LAW  CONCERNING  BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS.  439 

births,  marriages,  and  deaths,  to  record  the  same  at  length  in 
separate  books,  to  be  provided  at  the  expense  of  the  State  by 
the  Secretary  of  State,  for  that  purpose,  with  proper  indexes 
thereto.    The  births,  marriages,  and  deaths  shall  be  numbered  Births, 
and  recorded  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  received  by  the  and  deaths 

*  to  be  num. 

clerk,  and  the  record  of  marriages  shall  be  indexed,  using  both {JJJJJ*.*0* 
the  name  of  the  bridegroom  and  bride.     The  record  of  births  Record  of 

^  births  shall 

shall  state,  in  separate  columns,  the  date  of  the  birth,  the  name  »tate. 
of  the  child  (if  it  have  any),  the  sex  and  color  of  the  child, 
the  place  of  birth,  the  christian  and  surname  of  both  parents, 
the  residence  and  nativity  of  the  parents,  the  occupation  of  the 
father,  and  the  date  when  the  record  was  made :  Provided,  That  Proviso, 
in  case  the  child  has  no  christian  name,  such  name  shall 
be  obtained  and  reported  to  the  county  clerk  in  the  next 
annual  report  of  the  supervisor  or  assessor,  and  such  christian 
name  shall  be  distinctly  designated  in  such  report  as  the  chris- 
tian name  belonging  to  a  child  previously  reported,  and  shall 
be  properly  entered  by  said  county  clerk,  in  the  blank  left  for 
such  christian  name  in  his  book  of  record;  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  several  county  clerks,  on  or  before  the  tenth  day 
of  April  in  each  year,  to  give  to  the  officers  required  to  make 
the  said  returns,  lists  of  such  children  whose  christian  names 
have  not  been  previously  reported  in  their  respective  towns, 
cities  or  wards.    The  record  of  marriages  shall  state,  in  separate  Becord  of 

marriages 

columns,  the  date  and  place  of  marriage,  the  christian  and  sur-  snail  state, 
name  of  the  bridegroom  and  bride,  and  the  maiden  name  of 
the  bride,  if  a  widow,  the  color,  age,  and  place  of  birth  of  each, 
the  residence  of  each  at  the  time  of  marriage,  the  occupation 
of  the  bridegroom,  and  the  name  and  official  station  of  the 
person  by  or  before  whom  they  were  married,  the  names  and 
residences  of  at  least  two  witnesses  present  at  such  marriage, 
and  the  date  when  such  record  was  made.    The  record  of  deaths  Record  of 
shall  state,  in  separate  columns,  the  date  of  the  death,  the  state, 
christian  and  surname  of  the  deceased,  the  sex  and  color, 
whether  married  or  single,  the  age  in  years,  months,  and  days, 
the  place  of  death,  the  disease  or  apparent  cause  of  death,  the 


440  LAW  COKCERHIKG  BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  A^D  DEATHS. 

nativity  of  the  deceased,  and  the  occupation,  if  any,  and  the 

names,  residence  of  the  parents,  if  known,  and  the  date  when 

Return  of    guch  record  was  made.    The  clerks  of  the  several  counties 

county 

clerk*  shall  annually,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  September,  make 
and  transmit  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  a  certified  copy  of  the 
records  of  his  office,  of  all  the  births,  marriages  and  deaths 
reported  in  their  respective  counties  for  the  year  ending  Decem- 

compeiwa.    ber  thirty-first,  last  preceding.    And  each  county  clerk  shall 

tiOD. 

receive  for  the  record  of  each  birth  and  death  in  his  office  three 
cents,  and  three  cents  for  each  birth,  marriage,  and  death 
returned  by  him  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  be  paid  by  the 
county,  and  shall  be  compensation  in  full  for  all  services  re- 
quired by  this  act  to  be  performed  by  him. 
secretary  of      Sec.  4.  The  Secretary  of  State  shall  prepare  and  furnish  to 

State  shall  J  L      r 

Sra?^L   the  county  clerks  of  the  several  counties  in  this  State,  blank 

blank  books,  J  7 

Srtroctions,  books  •  of  suitable  quality  and  size,  with  proper  rulings  and 
etc*  headings,  to  be  used  as  books  of  record  in  carrying  into  effect 

the  provisions  of  this  act.  He  shall  also  prepare  and  furnish 
blank  *'  forms  of  returns/*  as  hereinbefore  specified,  accompa- 
nied with  such  instructions  and  explanations  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  insure  uniformity  in  such  returns,  which  blanks  shall 
be  forwarded  to  the  several  county  clerks  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  March  in  each  year  ;  and  the  said  county  clerks  shall 
deliver  the  same  to  the  supervisors  or  assessors  of  the  several 
townships,  cities,  or  wards  therein,  in  their  respective  counties, 
on  or  before  the  tenth  day  of  April. 
Returns  to       Sec.  5.    It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  State  to 

be  bound  J  J 

and  indexed,  receive  the  returns  made  in  pursuance  of  the  third  section  of 
this  act,  and  he  shall  cause  the  same  for  each  year  to  be  bound 
together,  in  one  or  more  volumes,  at  the  expense  of  the  State, 

secretary  of  and  make  indexes  thereto ;  and  with  such  assistance  as  may  be 

State  to 

makeannuai  voluntarily  rendered  by  any  authorized  committee  appointed 
by  the  medical  faculty  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  or  by  any 
regularly  authorized  medical  society  in  this  State  for  that  pur- 


LAW  CONCERNING  BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS.  441 

pose,*  he  shall  prepare  such  tabular  statements,  results,  and 
deductions  therefrom  as  will  render  them  of  practical  utility, 
and  make  report  thereof,  annually,  to  the  Governor  of  the 
State,  which  report  may  be  ordered  published  and  distributed 
in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  may  from  time  to  time 
direct. 
Sec.  6.  Every  justice  of  the  peace,  minister  of  the  gospel,  Neglect  to 

keep  recordi. 

and  all  other  persons  authorized  by  the  laws  of  this  State  to 
solemnize  marriages,  and  clerks  or  keepers  of  records  of  the 
meetings  in  which  any  marriage  among  the  Friends  or  Quakers 
shall  be  solemnized,  who  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  make  a 
record  of  such  marriage,  or  to  deliver  to  the  county  clerk  of  Neglect  to 

dolivsr  c©F- 

the  county  in  which  the  marriage  took  place,  a  certified  copy  tmcatea. 
of  such  record,  or  who  shall  refuse,  on  demand,  to  deliver  to 
the  parties  to  such  marriage  the  certificate  thereof,  as  required 
by  section  two  of  this  act,  or  who  shall  willfully  make  a  false 
or  fictitious  entry  in  his  record  of  marriages,  or  in  the  certified 
copy  of  such  record  delivered  to  the  county  clerk,  or  in  the 
certificates  of  marriages  delivered  to  the  parties  thereto,  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof,  Penalty. 
shall  be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars, 
and  in  default  of  paying  the  same,  shall  be  imprisoned  in  the 
county  jail  of  the  county  in  which  such  conviction  shall  be 
had,  until  said  fine  be  paid,  but  not  to  exceed  the  period  of 
ninety  days. 

Sec.  7.  Every  physician,  surgeon,  or  midwife,  who  shall  have  certificate  of 
been   in  attendance   upon   any  deceased  person,  shall,  upon 
application  of  any  supervisor  or  assessor  of  the  township,  city, 
or  any  ward  thereof,  in  which  such  death  occurred,  make  out 
and  deliver  to  such  supervisor  or  assessor  a  certified  statement, 
without  fee,  containing  the  name  of  the  disease,  or  cause  (if 
known),  producing  the  death  of  such  person  ;  and  any  medic-  Refusal  to 
al  attendant  who  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  give  such  state-  cat* 
ment,  or  who  shall  willfully  make  a  false  statement  in  relation 

*  Practically  amended  by  Section  10  of  Act  No.  81  Law?  of  Mich.,  1878,  printed  on 
page  444. 

56 


442  LAW  CONCERNING  BIBTHS,  MARRIAGES,  AND  DEATHS. 

Penalty,  to  such  death,  shall,  for  sach  offense,  be  liable  to  pay  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars,  and  the  costs  of 
prosecution,  which  fine  the  said  supervisor  or  assessor  is  here- 
by required  to  sue  for  and  collect,  in  his  official  character. 

Facts  to  be       Sec.  8.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  supervisor  or  assessor  to 

supervisor,  obtain  the  facts  in  relation  to  births  and  deaths  within  his 
township,  city,  or  any  ward  therein  (not  otherwise  obtained), 
from  the  heads  of  families,  the  keepers,  overseers,  or  superin- 
tendents of  asylums,  hospitals,  jails,  prisons,  workhouses,  alms- 
houses, houses  of  correction,  and  similar  institutions,  the 
keepers  of  hotels,  public  and  private  boarding-houses,  and  the 
masters  or  chief  officers  of  steamboats  and  sail  vessels,  navi- 
gating any  of  the  waters  of  this  State,  and  touching  at  any 
port  of  entry  therein,  in  which  such  births  or  deaths  occurred ; 

Refusal  to    and  if  either  of  the  above  named  persons  shall  refuse  to  give 

furnish. 

such  information,  then  the  same  shall  be  obtained  by  such 

supervisor  or  assessor  from  any  person  having  a  knowledge  of 

obtained      the  facts  in  relation  to  such  birth  or  death ;  and  if  the  super- 

under  oath. 

visor  or  assessor  shall  have  reason  to  believe  that  any  person 
or  persons  willfully  misrepresented  or  concealed  any  facts  rela- 
tive to  such  birth  or  death  in  his  township,  city,  or  any  ward 
therein,  which  he  cannot  otherwise  obtain,  he  may  examine 
such  person  or  persons  on  oath  (which  oath  such  supervisor 
or  assessor  is  hereby  empowered  and  authorized  to  administer) 
in  relation  to  any  birth  or  death  within  his  township,  city  or 
any  ward  therein,  of  which  such  person  or  persons  may  have 
Neglecting  any  knowledge  or  information;  and  if  any  person,  after  being 
subpoena!  *  duly  subpoenaed  (as  provided  for  compelling  the  attendance  of 
witnesses  in  justices'  courts)  by  such  supervisor  or  assessor, 
for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  appear 
before  such  officer,  or,  appearing,  shall  refuse  to  be  sworn  and 
testify  in  relation  to  such  matter,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of 
a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished 
Penalty,  therefor  by  fine  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars,  and  in  default  of 
paying  the  same  shall  be  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  of  the 
county  in  which  such  conviction  shall  be  had,  until  said  fine 


LAW  CONCERNING  BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES,  £ND  DEATHS.  443 

be  paid,  but  not  exceeding  ninety  days ;  and  any  person  who, 
after  being  duly  sworn  as  aforesaid,  shall  willfully  make  any  Perjury, 
false  statement  in  relation  to  any  birth  or  death,  about  which 
he  is  required  to  testify,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  willful  and 
corrupt  perjury:  Provided,  That  no  person  shall  be  required  Proviio. 
to  answer  any  question  which  will  tend  to  criminate  himself 
or  herself  upon  any  such  examination. 

Sec.  9.  In  case  of  the  refusal  or  neglect  by  any  of  the  officers  Jjjjj^*0 
mentioned  in  this  act,  to  perform  any  of  the  duties  hereinbe-  dutio* 
fore  required  of  them  or  either  of  them,  to  be  done  and  per- 
formed by  any  of  the  provisions  herein  contained,  such  officer 
shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  dollars,  andp«nftlty- 
the  costs  of  prosecution;  and  the  prosecuting  attorney  in  each 
county  is  hereby  required  to  prosecute,  in  the  name  of  the 
people  of  the  State  of  Michigan,  all  persons  in  his  county  who 
shall  willfully  violate  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act;  and 
the  said  supervisor  or  assessors  of  any  township,  city,  or  any  Misdemean. 

or. 

ward  therein,  may  be  prosecuted  for  a  misdemeanor  under  this 
section,  and  upon  conviction,  punished  as  therein  provided  for. 

Sec.  10.  Sections  three  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirteen, sections 
three  thousand  two  hundred  and  fourteen,  three  thousand  two 
hundred  and  fifteen,  and  three  thousand  two  hundred  and  six- 
teen, of  the  compiled  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-seven, 
be  and  the  same  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec,  11.  The  several  supervisors  and  assessors  of  the 
townships,  villages,  and  cities  in  this  State,  who  have  made 
any  returns  of  births  and  deaths  to  the  county  clerk  of 
their  respective  counties  for  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-eight,  and  have  not  received  the  amount  of  compensa- 
tion as  provided  for  in  this  act,  shall  be  paid  therefor  at  rates 
set  forth  in  the  preceding  sections.  And  such  county  clerks 
as  have  made  returns  of  the  births,  marriages  and  deaths  to 
the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-eight,  and  who  have  not  received  compensation  therefor, 
shall  be  paid  for  the  same  at  the  rates  set  forth  in  the  preced- 
ing sections. 


444  SUfcEfctNTEtfDENl?  0*  VltAL  STATISTICS. 

AN  ACT  to  establish  a  State  Board  of  Health,  to  provide  for 
the  appointment  of  a  Superintendent  of  Vital  Statistics, 
and  to  ^assign  certain  dnties  to  Local  Boards  of  Health,  be- 
ing Act  No.  81,  Laws  of  1873. 


secretary  of     Sec.  10.  The  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  shall 

State  Board  " 

of  Health  to  be  the  Superintendent  of  Vital  Statistics.    Under  the  general 

be  Super!  n-  r  ° 

vitofstatis.  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  he  shall  collect  these  statis- 
tiC8>  tics,  and  prepare  and  publish  the  report  required  by  law  relat- 

ing to  births,  marriages,  and  deaths. 
*        *  *  *  *  **♦♦ 


Approved  April  12, 1873. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  PERSONS  AUTHORIZED  TO  SOLEMNIZE 

MARRIAGES  IN  MICHIGAN. 


A  thorough  knowledge  of  the  law  concerning  the  solemni- 
zation and  return  of  marriages  in  Michigan  is  necessary  to  a 
correct  performance  of  the  duties  of  persons  authorized  to 
solemnize  marriages. 

The  most  frequent  violation  of  the  law  is  in  the  marriage  of 
persons  under  the  lawful  agey  which  is :  for  males  eighteen 
(18)  years,  and  for  females  sixteen  (16)  years.  See  Section 
(4719)  Compiled  Laws  of  1871,  printed  on  a  previous  page. 
The  penalty  for  the  violation  of  this  provision  is  a  forfeit  of 
not  exceeding  five  hundred  (500)  dollars.  See  Sec.  (4728) 
Compiled  Laws  of  1871,  printed  on  a  previous  page. 

In  the  record  and  return  of  marriages,  every  item  specified 
in  the  law  should  be  carefully  ascertained,  and  correctly  and 
plainly  written.     No  item  should  be  omitted,  and  nothing 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  MINISTERS  AND  JUSTICES.  445 

taken  for  granted,  as  is  often  the  case  with  the  fact  as  to  color 
of  persons  married. 

In  recording  the  birthplace  of  each,  the  State  or  country 
should  be  distinctly  given  in  each  case.  This  will  avoid  the 
difficulty  of  ascertaining  the  nativity  of  persons  whose  birth- 
place is  returned  "  Holland,"  "  Hanover,"  "  Denmark," 
-"  Wales,"  •'  Paris,"  etc.,  etc., — names  of  places  which  may  be 
either  in  the  United  States  or  Europe.  If  such  or  similar 
names  occur,  please  state  whether  it  is  Holland,  Michigan,  or 
Holland,  Europe,  and  so  for  each  case.  Never  return  the  birth- 
place "  America,"  as  we  cannot  know  whether  it  is  in  the  United 
States,  and  are  therefore  compelled  to  compile  it  with  the 
"  Unknown."  For  statistical  purposes  it  is  desirable  that  every 
item  be  furnished  which  is  called  for  by  the  blank  upon  which 
you  make  your  returns  to  your  county  clerk,  giving  close 
attention  to  the  foot-notes  upon  the  blank. 

In  making  your  returns  to  the  county  clerk,  you  should  give 
your  official  station,  as  well  as  your  name. 

Blanks  for  the  return  of  marriages  to  the  county  clerk  can 
be  obtained  of  the  county  clerk,  who  can  obtain  them  from 
the  Secretary  of  State,  at  Lansing. 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX. 


A. 

Pages 

Ages  of  Decedent*- 52-60,  172-216,  221-280,  246-252,  808-849,  855-857,  860,  874* 

875-877,  879,  836-887,  898-427. 

Ages  of  Inhabitants . 82-88,  47-50,  55,  56, 102-104, 185, 186 

Age  of  Marriageable  Persons,  Law  concerning , 435 

Agesof  Persons  Married 186-151 

Age  of  Persons  Married,  and  of  Decedents,  shall  be  Recorded 439 

Aged  under  5  years,  Deaths  of  Children 172, 174, 177, 178,  188-185, 196,  206-215, 

220-289,  250,  808-849,  855-857,  860,  875-877,  879,  886,  898-415. 
Aggregate  and  Average  Ages  of  Decedents  aged  20  and  over,  whose  Occupa- 
tions were  returned 419-427 

Alien,  Nathan,  M.  DM  LL.  D.,— Births  Among  Different  Races 54-55 

Alphabetical  List  of  Causes  of  Death  by  Sex,  Months,  and  Age 804-349 

Act  to  provide  for  the  Registration  of  Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths 487-448 

Ansell,  Mr.  C.,— Statistics  of  Families  in  the  Upper  and  Professional  Classes..     60-68 
Average  Age  of  all  who  Died  aged  20  Years  and  over,  as  per  Reg.  returns  for 

1872 416-418 

Average  Ages,  Comments  upon 417-413 

"Average  Age  at  Death11  of  those  aged  20  years  and  over,  according  to  Life 

Table  VII.,  by  sex 416-418 

Average  Age  of  Decedents  aged  20  Years  and  over,  whose  Occupations  were 
stated,  apd  Average  Age  at  Death  of  those  at  such  ages,  causes  of  Differ- 
ence between 418 

Average  Age  of  Inhabitants  of  Michigan  June  1, 1S70,  by  Sex  and  County 895-897 

"Average  Age"  of  Persons  Living,  and  "Average  Years  of  Life"  Difference 

between,  and  Reason  for 417 

Average  Age,  Rule  for  obtaining 417 

Average  Age  of  Decedents,  Persons  Living,  and  of  all  Living  Aged  20  Years 

and  oyer,  by  Sex,  as  per  Census,  June  1, 1870 416-413 

Average  Age  of  all  Decedents,  of  decedents  from  Consumption,  of  all  Aged  20 
and  over  whose  Occupations  were  returned,  by  sex,  as  per  Registration 

Returns  for  1870, 1871,  and  1872 416-418 

••  Average  Years  of  Life,"  as  shown  by  the  Life  table,  would  be  the  Average 

Age  in  a  ■*  fixed  population  " 417 

"Average  Years  of  Life,"  as  shown  by  Table  VII.,  and  "  Average  Age  "  of  all 

Living,  Difference  between,  and  Reason  for 417 

'*  Average  years  of  Life  after  each  age,"  Table  and  remarks 196-200, 201-208 


448  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 


Page. 
Barometer,  Thermometer,  Rainfall,  and  Prevailing  Wind  at  certain  localities 

in  Michigan 428 

Births,  and  Inhabitants  represented  by  them,  by  Color  and  Sex,  relation  of...  82-88 

Births  and  Deaths,  value  and  importance  of  Statistics  of xr 

Births  and  Deaths  in  1872,  Averages  per  quarter,  Month,  Week  and  Day,  as  Re- 
turned and  as  Corrected  for  omissions  in  Enumeration...... xvii 

Births  and  Deaths  in  1871  and  1872,  by  Counties,  Returned  as  occurring  out 

of  Michigan  or  in  Two  Counties !....  xxvi-xxviii 

Births,  average  Number  per  quarter,  Month,  Week  and  Day,  as  Returned  and 

as  Corrected 1 

Births,  total,  and  by  sex  Corrected  for  Omissions  in  enumeration,  equalized 
for  population  at  close  of  the  year,  and  equalized  to  months  of  uniform 

length 12-14 

Births  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and  by  Months 18-81 

Births  by  County,  by  Sex,  by  Color,  and  Relation  of  Inhabitants  tovand  Pro- 
portion of  Males,  by  County  and  Sex 84-48 

Births  as  if  Enumerated  in  Months  of  Occurrence,  Conceptions  for,  and  Rela- 
tion to  Proportion  of  Males Ill 

Births  by  Quarters  of  the  Tear  for  each  of  the  Years  1868-1872 2 

Births  by  Parent-Nativity 44-54 

Births  by  Counties,  Sex,  and  Nativity  of  Parents 69-78 

Births  by  Sex  and  Months,  Corrected  for  omissions  in  enumeration,  equal- 
ized to  Months  of  Uniform  Length,  etc 109 

Births  by  Sex  and  Months,  equalized  to  Months  of  Uniform  Length 10S 

Births  by  Sex,  by  Parent-Nativity,  and  Proportion  of  each .....  44 

Births,  Comparison  in  the  Number  of,  returned  for  several  years -  1-9 

Births  during  each  of  the  Tears  1868-1872,  by  Months,  in  order  by  Number, 

greatest  first ,- 8 

Births,  Corrections  for  omissions  in  enumerating 9-15 

Births,  Females  to  one  Death  of  Female  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Births  in  1872,  Corrected  for  omissions  in  enumeration,  and  Marriages  in 

Months  of  Conception  of  the  same 17 

Births  in  1870-1872,  and  Marriages  and  Deaths  for  months  in  which  the  Con- 
ception of  these  births  occurred 6 

Births  in  1870-1872,  and  Marriages  and  Deaths  for  the  months  in  which  .the 

Conception  of  these  births  occurred .  7 

Births  in  1872,  as  Returned,  and  Marriages  in  Months  of  Conception  of  the 

same,  Relation  of. 16 

Births  in  IS72,  as  Returned  and  as  Corrected 1 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  Law  concerning 487-448 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  Relation  between,  by  Months 7-9 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths  in  Michigan,  and  Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths, 

for  each  of  the  Tears  1868-1 S72 : xv 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  Relations  of,  to  each  other  by  Tears xv 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths  not  yet  All  Returned xiv 

Births,  Males  to  one  Death  of  Male  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Births,  Males  to  100  Females,  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  and  Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths  in  1872,  and 

Averages  per  Quarter,  Month,  Week,  and  Day xvii 


INDEX.  449 

Page. 
Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths  in  1872,  Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths,  and  Pop- 
ulation in  18T0,  by  Counties  and  Sex xx-xxv 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  Enumeration  of,  and  Returns  of,  how  made xiv 

Births  of  Males  and  of  Females,  Corrected  for  omissions  in  enumeration,  and 

equalized  to  Months  of  Uniform  Length 15 

Births  of  Twin  Children 78-92 

Births,  Proportion  of  Male  Children 82,  84-42, 101,  111,  114, 115, 118 

Births,  Proportion  of  Males,  Influence  of  Parent-Nativity  upon 116 

Births,, Per  cent,  of,  to  Female  Inhabitants  Aged  16  to  45  Years 102-104 

Birth-rate  and  Death-rate  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants,  Comparison 

of xvii-xix.,  44-54,  69-78,  80-91,  94-4)6,  98,  99, 101,  246-255,  416-418 

Birth-rate  by  Counties,  by  Sex  of  Children 84-48 

Birth-rate  by  Color  of  Children ; 82-88 

Birth-rate,  by  Color  and  Sex  of  Children 82-88 

Birth-rate  Increased  by  Cholera 121 

Birth-rate  is  Larger  among  the  Lower  Classes.. .^ 68 

Birth-rate  is  Large  among  Short-lived  animals 58 

Birth-rate,  Influence  of  Death-rate  in  Previous  Years  upon 4-9 

Birth-rate,  Influence  of  certain  Diseases  upon 4-5 

Birth-rate,  Influences  of  Climatic  and  other  Conditions  upon 2-9 

Birth-rate,  Large,  not  Evidence  of  Physical  Stamina 51-68 

Birth-rate  of  Native  and  of  Foreign -born  Inhabitants 51-68 

Birth-rate  of  Native-born  Women  in  Michigan  is  Sufficient  to  Maintain  the 

Population., 246-252 

Birth-rate,  Relation  of  Each  Sex  to  total 48 

Births,  Relation  of  the  Sexes,  and  their  Relation  to  Female  Inhabitants  Aged 

18  to  45  Years,  by  Color 82-8$ 

Birth-rate  to  Women  Aged  18  to  45  years,  by  Color 82-88 

Births  to  one  Death  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Births,  Townships  reported  as  having  None  in  1872 105 

Births,  Townships  from  which  No  Returns  of,  were  Received,  Population  of..  106, 10T 
Blanks  for  the  Return  of  Marriages  to  County  Clerk  can  be  Obtained  from . 

County  Clerk 488,445 

Black  Inhabitants 82-88,  81,  94,  98, 100, 106-107, 180,  240,  241 

Black  Persons,  Marriage  of 129-188,  485 

Black  Persons,  Deaths  of 240-245 

Black  Persons,  Births  of 82-42,  81,  94,  98, 100 

Bowels,  Brain,  Heart,  Throat,  Lungs,  Diseases  of,  Deaths  from  Each,  Grouped.        260 
Brain,  Heart,  Throat,  Lungs,  Bowels,  Diseases  of,  Deaths  from  Each,  Grouped        260 

C. 

Casualty,  Causes  of  Death  included  in : 850 

Casualty,  Deaths  from,— proportion  in  Different  Years— Remarks 868 

Casualty,  Deaths  from 162,  810, 850,  852,  854,  863 

Cancer,  Deaths  from,  by  Sex  of  Decedent,  and  Part  affected 851 

Cancer  and  Cephalitis,  Remarks  upon,  and  Tables 5,  809,  810,  852,  854,  855-857 

Causes  of  Death,  Fifteen  Principal 852-854 

Causes  of  Death,  Specified,  by  Sex,  Months,  and  Periods  of  Age 804-849 

Causes  of  Death  Classified,  by  Counties 264-802 

Causes  of  Death,  Five  Groups  of,  by  Part  of  Body  affected 260 

57 


450  SIXTH   REGISTRATION   REPORT. 

Page. 
Causes  of  Death,  Ten  Specified,  Number  and  Per  cent,  by  Sex,  Months,  and 

Periods  of  Age  850-857 

Causes  of  Death,  by  Classes 255,256,260 

Centenarians,  Deaths  of 216 

Cephalitis  and  Cancer— Remarks  upon,  and  Tables 5, 162, 809,  810,  852,  854, 855-857 

Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Deaths  from,  for  each  of  the  Years  1869-1872,  by 

Months  and  Sex 863-866 

Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Deaths  from 121,160, 162,  270, 288,  296,  888, 863-867 

Children  born  in  1S71,  the  Number  who  Died  Under  One  Year  of  Age,  and  Per 

Cent,  of,  to  total  Births 211 

Children  born  in  1871  who  Died  Under  One  Year  of  Age,  Months  of  birth  and 

of  death  of  same j 218 

Children  born,  Proportion  of,  who  Die  Under  1  Year  of  Age 207,  208-210 

Children  born,  Proportion  of,  who  Died  under  5  Years  of  Age 207,  210 

Children  born  in  What  Month,  are  in  Greatest  or  Least  Danger  of  Death  Be- 
fore one  Year  of  Age 211,212 

Children  born  in  each  of  the  different  Months,  in  What  Months  of  the  Year  is 

Greatest  Danger  to 218,214 

Children  born  in  each  Month,  What  Proportion  of,  Die  Under  One  Month  of 

Age 214,  215 

Children  born  in  1871,  the  Number  that  Died  in  1871 211 

Children  to  each  Woman,  to  each  Family,  and  to  each  Mother,  Average  Num- 
ber of „ 54-68 

Children  to  a  Marriage  in  Upper  and  Professional  classes  in  England,... . .     61, 62 

Children  to  each  Marriage,  Average  Number 67 

Children  to  each  Mother  and  each  Family 68 

Children,  Twin 78-92 

Children  to  each  Mother,  they  should  be  Multiplied  by  Two  to  find  the  Aver- 
age Ultimate  Number  of. 58, 64 

Children  to  each  Family  in  Kalamazoo 62,64,66,  68 

Children  Under  One  Year  of  Age,  Proportion  of  Total  Deaths  of...- 172, 174, 176, 

177,  208,  207. 

Children  Under  Five  Years  of  Age,  Proportion  of  Deaths  of,  to  total  Deaths. 172, 174, 

176, 177,  207. 

Classes  of  Causes  of  Death,  by  Season  of  Year 250-260 

Classification  of  Causes  of  Death  by  Counties 264-802 

Classified  Occupations  of  Decedents  Aged  20  Years  and  over,  whose  Occupa- 
tions were  Returned 419-427 

Classification  of  Causes  of  Death,  Different  methods  of. 255-256,  260,852-854,  856-857 

Counties  and  Townships  from  which  No  Returns  of  Deaths  for  1872  were  re- 
ceived, showing  Population 217-218 

Counties  and  Townships  in  which  it  is  Reported  that  No  Deaths  occurred  in 

1872,  showing  Population 219 

Counties,  Average  Age  of  Inhabitants  by,  Deaths  in,  from  All  Causes,  from 

Old  Age,  of  Persons  Aged  70  and  Over,  and  Under  5 895-897 

Consumption  and  Pneumonia,  Correlation  of,  by  Months  and  Sex 8S4-855 

Consumption  and  Pneumonia,  Correlation  of,  by  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex 8S6-887 

Color  and  Race  of  Persons  Married 129-188 

Counties,  Births  in,  by  Sex  by  Months r 18-81 

Counties,  Births  in,  by  Sex  by  Color 34-42 


INDEX.  451 

Page. 

Counties,  Births  iD,  by  Sex  by  Parent-Nativity _ 69-73 

Consumption,  by  Months  Equalized  to  80.44  days  each,  by  Bex 880 

Consumptives,  by  avoiding  certain  conditions,  May  Prolong  Their  Lives,  and 

Kecover 882 

Conjugal  Condition  of  Decedents  from  Consumption,  by  Sex,  giving  Occupa- 
tion, Month  of  Death,  and  Age  in  periods  of  Years 898-415 

Congestive  Chills  and  Intermittent  Fever,  similarity  in  propositions  and  ex- 
ceptions concerning 869 

Conjugal  Condition  and  Occupation  of  Consumptives,  at  certain  ages,  com- 
piled "single"  and  "unemployed" 415 

Congestive  Chills,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 868-369 

Consumption,  Conditions  tending  to  Increase  deaths  from,  tend  to  Decrease 

deaths  from  Pneumonia 879 

Counties,  Deaths  in,  by  Sex,  by  Months,  and  by  Periods  of  Age 220-289 

Counties,  Deaths  in,  by  Color,  by  Sex  of  Decedents 242-245 

Counties,  Deaths  in,  by  Nativity  by  Sex  of  Decedents _ 258-255 

Counties,  Deaths  in,  by  Classified  Causes 264-602 

Counties,  Deaths  in,  from  Consumption,  Pneumonia,  and  Typhoid  Fever.....  890-892 
Counties,  Deaths  returned  from,  as  occurring  out  of  this  State,  also  Deaths 

returned  in  Two  different - xxvi-xxrii 

Consumption,  Deaths  from,  by  Occupation,  Sex,  Months,  Conjugal  Condition, 

Period  of  Age 39S-415 

Consumption,  Deaths  from,  Proportion  of  total  deaths  for  Different  Years 879 

Consumption,  Deaths  from,  Proportion  of  the  Sexes  for  Different  Years 879 

Consumption,  Deaths  from,  and  Meteorology,  by  Months 881-882 

Counties,  Female  Population  in  1870,  Aged  16  to  45,  Twin,  Illegitimate,  and 
Still-born  Children,  Per  Cent,  of,  to  Population,  and  Per  Cent,  of  Total 

Births  to  Population,  etc 102-104 

Correction  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration  of  Deaths,  Method  of 166-167 

Correction  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration  of  Births 9-15 

Conceptions  for  Births  corrected  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration,  etc.,  and  Re- 
lation of,  to  Proportion  of  Males Ill 

Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  by  Months,  and  Deaths  in  those  Months..        112 
Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  and  Deaths  in  Months  of  these  Conceptions, 

all  Corrected  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration,  etc.,  Relation  of. 118 

Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  Proportion  of  Males,  and  Deaths  in  Months 

of  these  Conceptions,  all  Corrected  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration,  etc 114 

Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  Proportion  of  Males,  and  Relation  to  Deaths 

in  Months  of  these  Conceptions,  all  Months  Equalized 115 

Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  and  Proportion  of  Males,  Relation  of,  by 

Months - 110 

Counties  having  Townships  from  which  No  Returns  of  Births  for  1872  were 

received,  showing  Population 106-107 

Counties  having  Townships  in  which  it  is  reported  that  No  Births  occurred  in 

1872 105 

Counties  in  each  Geographical  Division  of  the  State 28i 

Conceptions,  Influence  of  certain  Deaths  upon 5 

Counties,  Marriages  in,  by  Months 127-129 

Counties,  Marriages  in,  Color  of  Persons  Married 131-183 

Counties,  Marriages  in,  by  Nativity,  and  Persons  Married,  by  Periods  of  Age 

by  Sex 187-143 


452  SIXTH  REGISTRATION"  REPORT. 

Page. 

Counties,  Marriages  of  Persons  Under  21  Years  of  Age,  by  Sex 144-147 

Counties,  Marriages  with  Disparity  of  Ages 150-151 

Counties,  Marriages  for  each  of  the  Years  1866-1872,  Corrected,  etc 152-156 

Correlation  of  Consumption  and  Pneumonia,  by  Months  and  Sex 8S4-885 

Correlation  of  Consumption  and  Pneumonia  by  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex. 896-387 

Color  of  Decedents  by  Counties 242-245 

Color  of  Decedents,  and  Relation  to  Inhabitants,  by  Color 240-241 

Color  of  Children  Born,  by  Counties  and  Sex 84-42 

Color  of  Women  Aged  18  to  45,  and  of  Children  born  in  1872 82-88 

Counties,  Population,  Marriages,  Births,  Deaths,  and  Excess  of  Births  over 

Deaths xx-xxv 

Consumption,  Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from,  in  each  Month  to  total  for  the  Year, 

by  Sex,  and  Per  Cent,  of  the  Sexes,  by  Months 8S4-8§5 

Consumption,  Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from,  at  each  Period  of  Age  to  total  at  All 

Ages,  by  Sex,  and  Per  Cent,  of  the  Sexes 886-887 

Consumption,  Pneumonia,  and  Typhoid  Fever,  deaths  from,  and  Per  Cent,  to 

All  Causes,  and  Deaths  from  all  Causes  by  Geographical  Divisions,  by  Sex,  888-889 
Consumption,  Pneumonia,  and  Typhoid  Fever,  Deaths  from,  and  Per  Cent,  to 

All  Causes,  by  Counties 890-892 

Color,  Race,  and  Sex  of  Persons  Married 129-180 

Counties,  Twins  born  in,  by  Sex  by  Parent-Nayivity 84-91 

Croup  and  Diphtheria,  Tables  and  Remarks  upon 860-862 

Croup  and  Diphtheria,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 861 

Croup,  Deaths  from 267,  280,  292,  818,  854,  355-861 

Croup,  Deaths  from,  and  some  Meteorological  Conditions,  by  Months 858-859 

Croup,  Less  than  the  Average  Number  of  Deaths  from,  when  the  Atmosphere 

is  Warm  and  Moist 860 

Croup,  Number  and  per  cent,  of  Deaths  from,  by  Months,  by  Sex,  by  Periods 

of  Age  of  decedents - 856,  857 

Croup,  Remarks  concerning,  greatest  number  In  December 860 

IK 

Death-rate  among  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants 52,246-255 

Deaths,  about  two-fifths  of,  Under  5  Years  of  Age 207,  208 

Death-rate  at  Different  Periods  of  Life  at  Different  Seasons  of  Year,  remarks  176, 177 
Deaths  as  Returned  and  as  Corrected  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration,  Average 

Number  per  Quarter,  Month,  Week  and  Day 161-162 

Deaths,  Births,  and  Marriages,  Relation  between,  by  Months 7-9 

Deaths  by  certain  Periods  of  Age,  Per  Cent,  of,  to  Deaths  at  All  Ages,  and  Per 

Cent,  of  Deaths,  1872,  by  Months 174-175 

Deaths  by  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex,  and  by  Months 178-182 

Deaths  by  Months,  by  Age,  and  by  Sex  of  decedents 183-195 

Deaths  by  Periods  of  Age  by  Sex,  Per  Cent.,  Proportion  of  Males,  etc 172-178 

Deaths,  by  Months,  corrected,  etc.,  and  Equalized,  for  1870, 1871, 1872,— Dia- 
gram No.  8 169 

Deaths,  by  Months,  Corrected  for  omissions  in  enumeration,  Equalized  to 

population  at  close  of  year,  Equalized  to  Months  of  Uniform  Length 168 

Deaths  by  Months  and  Sex,  Numbers  and  Per  Cent ...         168 

Deaths  by  Months,  for  several  years,  remarks  upon 160-162 

Deaths  by  Quarters  of  the  years  1871  and  1872,  Comparison  of 153-160 

Deaths  by  Classes  by  Months,— Diagram  No.  4 253 


i 


INDEX.  453 

Page. 
Deaths  by  Classes  for  each  of  the  years  1869-1872,  by  Number  and  Per  Cent,  of 

total 256 

Deaths  by  Counties,  Nativity,  and  Sex 258-255 

Deaths  by  Nativity  and  Parent-Nativity  of  Decedents 246-255 

Deaths  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  and  Color  of  Decedents 242-245 

Deaths  by  Color,  Relation  of,  to  Inhabitants 240-241 

Deaths  by  Color  and  Sex,  Proportion  of  each  Sex,  and  Relation  to  Inhabitants,         240 

Deaths  by  Counties,  by  Sex,  by  Months  and  by  Periods  of  Age 1..  220-289 

Deaths  by  Specified  Causes,  Alphabetically  arranged,  by  Sex,  Months,  and 

Periodsof  Age - 804-849 

Deaths  by  Geographical  Divisions,  Per  Cent,  by  each  Class  of  causes 262-268 

Deaths,  by  Months,  for  1871  and  1872,  and  Per  Cent,  in  each  Month  for  each  of 

the  Years  1868-1872 159 

Deaths,  Causes  of,  by  Classes 255,  256, 260 

Deaths  compiledas  Casualty,  Specified 850 

Deaths,  Classification  of,  by  Counties 264-302 

Deaths,  Causes  of,  by  Classes,  and  Relation  to  Season  of  the  Year 259-260 

Deaths,  Excess  of  Males,  by  Months,  Causes  Specified,  Condition  of  Atmos- 
phere, etc 162 

Deaths,  Five  Groups  of  Causes  of,  by  Part  of  Body  affected 260 

Deaths  from  Old  Age,  of  those  Aged  70  and  over,  and  Under  5,  Per  Cent,  to 
Deaths  at  All  Ages,  and  Average  Age  of  Inhabitants  June  1, 1870,  by  Sex 

and  Counties 895-897 

Deaths  from  Cancer  and  Cephalitis 5,  809, 810,  352,  854, 855-857 

Deaths  from  Cancer,  by  Sex  of  Decedent,  and  Part  affected. 851 

Deaths  from  All  Causes,  by  Sex,  Months,  and  Periods  of  Age 303 

Death,— Greatest  Danger  in  August  to  Children  under  1,  and  under  5  Years  of 

Age 174,176-177 

Deaths,  Grouped  by  Part  Diseased,  as  Lungs,  Bowels,  Brain,  Heart,  or  Throat.        260 
Deaths  in  Months  of  Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  and  Relation  to  Propor- 
tion of  Male  Conceptions,  all  Months  equalized 115 

Deaths  in  Months  of  Conceptions  of  Births  forlS72,  and  Relation  to  Propor- 
tion of  Male  Conceptions,  all  Corrected  for  omissions  in  enumeration,  etc.        1 14 

Deaths  in  Months  of  Conceptions  for  births  in  1872,  and  Conceptions 112 

Deaths  in  Michigan  for  the  Years,  and  by  Quarters  of  the  Years  186S-1S72 158 

Deaths,  Method  of  Correction  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration 166-167 

Deaths,  Months  in  Order  by  Number,  Greatest  first,  for  Massachusetts,  Ken- 
tucky, Michigan,  and  Rhode  Island 164 

Deaths,  Months  in  Order  by  Greatest  Number,  for  each  of  the  Years  1868-1872.        159 
Deaths,  Number  and  Per  Cent,  from  AH  Causes,  as  Returned,  by  Months 

and  Sex 161 

Deaths  of  those  Aged  70  and  over,  and  Under  5,  and  from  Old  Age,  and  Per 

Cent,  to  Deaths  at  all  All  Ages,  by  Sex  and  Geographical  Divisions 898-894 

Deaths,  over  one-fifth  of,  Under  One  Year  of  Age 207,208 

Deaths  of  Children  Under  Five  Years  of  Age,  and  Infant  Mortality 206-215 

Deaths  of  Children  Under  One  Year  of  Age,  their  Age,  Months  of  Death,  and 

Birth,  and  if  Born  in  Previous  Year  or  Year  of  Birth— Diagramatic  Table . .  204-205 

Deaths  of  Centenarians 216 

Deaths,  Order  of  succession  of  Fifteen  Principal  Causes  of. 852-854 

Deaths,  per  cent,  of  Children  Under  One,  and  Under  Five  Years  of  Age 207,  209 


454  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Page. 
Deaths,  Relation  of,  by  Months,  to  Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  Births  and 

Deaths  Corrected. 118 

Death-rate,  relation  of,  to  Marriages.. 121 

Deaths,  Relation  of,  to  Population,  by  Geographical  Divisions  of  the  State..  262-268 
Deaths,  similar,  sometimes  attributed  to  Consumption  and  sometimes  to 

Pneumonia. 879-880 

Death-rate,  Under  One  Year  of  Age,  proportion  of  males.. 52, 172-177, 196,  206-214,  290 
Deaths,  Uniformity  in  order  of  months  of,  for  Different  Tears  in  the  Same 

State,  and  for  Same  Years  in  Different  States,  remarks  upon 165 

Decedents  Aged  Under  One  Month,  and  Births,  relation  of,  by  Months 215 

Delinquent  Counties  and  Townships,  in  returns  of  Deaths,  Population  of 217-213 

Detroit,  Escanaba,  Grand  Haven,  and  Marquette,  Michigan,  Meteorology  at,  by 

Months 428-429 

Degeneration  of  the  Human  Races  in  this  Country,  Alleged 51, 54 

Diphtheria  and  Croup,  Tables  and  remarks  upon 860-862 

Diarrhea,  and  Dysentery,  Deaths  from,  by  Months,  Age  of  Decedents,  etc.,  5,  267, 

280,  298,  815,  817,  852,  854,  856,  857,  875-876. 
Diarrhea  and  Dysentery,  Deaths  from,  number  and  Per  Cent,  of,  by  Geograph- 
ical Divisions 875 

Diphtheria,  Deaths  from 267,  279,  292,  815,  852,  860,  861,  862 

Diphtheria,  Deaths  from,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 862 

Diphtheria,  Deaths  from,  the  Largest  Number,  in  1872,  in  November 860 

Diagram  No.  1,— Births  in  Michigan  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872,  and  Marriages  and 

Deaths  in  Months  of  Conception  of  same 7 

Diagram  No.  2,— Marriages  in  1868-1872,  by  Months 125 

Diagram  No.  8,— Deaths  Corrected,  etc.,  and  Equalized,  by  Months  for  1870,  IS 71 , 

and  1872 169 

Diagram  No.  8,— Remarks  upon 171 

Diagram  No.  4,— Deaths  by  Classes  by  Months 253 

Divisions  of  the  State,  Relation  of  Classes  of  Causes  to  Inhabitants  in 262-268 

Divisions  of  the  State  for  Statistical  purposes 261 

Diarrhea,  Proportion  of  Deaths  from,  in  different  Geographical  Divisions 875-876 

Diarrhea,  Deaths  from,  Proportion  of  Males,  Rank  of  Years,  etc.,  Remarks 875-876 

Diagramatic  Table  of  Deaths  of  Children  Under  One  Year  of  Age 204-205 

Dysentery  and  Diarrhea,  Largest  proportion  of  Deaths  from,  in  Northerly  lo- 
calities of  the  State 876 

Dysentery,  Deaths  from,  order  of,  for  several  Years,  Proportion  of  Males,  etc.        876 
Dysentery,  Deaths  from,  Proportion  of,  in  certain  Months,  and  of  certain  Ages        876 

E. 

Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths,  by  Parent-Nativity  and  Nativity,  for  each  of  the 

Years  1S69-1872 xix 

Escanaba,  Detroit,  Grand  Haven,  and  Marquette,  Michigan,  Meteorology  at, 

by  Months 42S-429 

Exhibit  A,— Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths,  and  Excess  of  Births  over  Deaths, 

in  each  of  the  Years  1868-1872 xv 

Exhibit  A,— Births,  by  Months,  as  Corrected  and  Equalized,  etc 12 

Exhibit  A,— Deaths,  By  Months,  Equalized,  etc 168 

Exhibit  A,— Marriages  by  Quarters,  as  Originally  returned 119 

Exhibit  B,— Births  of  Males,  as  Corrrcted  and  Equalized,  etc 18 


INDEX.  455 

Paob. 

Exhibit  B,— Marriages  for  each  of  the  Years  1868-1872,  Equalized 122-128 

Exhibit  B,— Months  of  Deaths  in  Several  States 164 

Exhibit  B,— Statements  concerning  Births,  Marriages  and  Deaths  in  1870, 1871, 

and  1872— xvl 

Exhibit  C,— Births  of  Females  as  Corrected  and  Equalized,  etc 14 

Exhibit  C,— By  Nativity  and  Sex,  the  Relation  of  Inhabitants  to  persons  Mar- 
ried, Children  born,  and  to  decedents  in  1872 xvii 

Exhibit  C,— By  Nativity,  the  Inhabitants  Aged  15  to  45,  Persons  Married,  etc.  185 

Exhibit  D,— Birth b  of  Males  and  Females,  Corrected  and  Equalized 15 

Exhibit  D,— Comparative  Natural  Increase  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabit- 
ants of  Michigan  in  each  of  the  Years  1S69-1872 xix 

Exhibit  D , —Marriages,  by  Nativity,  for  Different  Countries  and  States,  etc...  157 
Exhibit  E,— Births  and  Deaths  in  Michigan  in  1871  and  1872,  by  Counties,  Not 

Elsewhere  Compiled : xxvi-xxviii 

Exhibit  E,— Births  Corrected,  Months  of  Conception,  and  Marriages,  Equalized  17 

Exhibit  F,— Births  by  Parent-Nativity,  1868-1872 ; 45 

Exhibit  G,—  Deaths,  by  Months,  Corrected  and  Equalized,  etc.... 168 

Exhibit  H,— Births  by  Parent-Nativity,  and  Inhabitants 46 

Exhibit  H,— Delinquent  Counties  and  Townships 217-218 

Exhibit  I,— Inhabitants  Aged  15  to  45  Years 47 

Exhibit  I,— Townships  having  No  Deaths  in  1872 219 

Exhibit  J,— Births  by  Parent-Nativity .' 48-49 

Exhibit  J,— Geographical  Divisions  of  the  State 261 

Exhibit  K,— Deaths  from  Croup,  by  Months 858-859 

Exhibit  K,— Inhabitants  Aged  20  to  45  Years 50 

Exhibit  L,— Deaths  from  Croup  and  Diphtheria,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology.  861 

Exhibit  L,— Inhabitants  Aged  25  to  45  Years 50 

Exhibit  M,— Deaths  from  Diphtheria,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 862 

Exhibit  M,— Parent-Nativity  of  Twins  born  in  1870, 1871, 1872 82 

Exhibit  N,— Births  by  Months  Equalized 108 

Exhibit  N,— Deaths  from  Consumption,  by  Months,  Equalized  to  Uniform 

Length,  by  Sex # 880 

Exhibit  O,— Births  in  1872,  by  Months,  Equalized,  etc 108 

Exhibit  O,— Deaths  from  Consumption,  and  Meteorology,  by  Months 881 

Exhibit  P,— Births,  Corrected  and  Equalized,  etc.,  by  Months 109 

Exhibit  P,— Deaths  from  Pneumonia,  and  Meteorology,  by  Months 883 

Exhibit  Q,— Average  Age  of  Decedents,  and  of  persons  Living,  by  Sex,  as  per 

Census,  June  1, 1870 416 

Exhibit  1,— Deaths,  by  Months,  by  Periods  of  Age  of  Decedents 174-175 

Exhibit  1,— Relative  to  certain  Deaths  in  1869, 1870, 1871 5 

Exhibit  2,— Births  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872,  and  Marriages  and  Deaths  in  Months 

of  Conception  of  same,  by  Months 6 

Exhibit  2,— Relation  of  Still-births  to  Total  Deaths,  1868-1872 206 

Exhibit  8,— Children  Born  in  1871  who  Died  in  1871,  etc 211 

Exhibit  8,— Estimated  Ultimate  Number  of  Children,  etc.,  in  Kalamazoo 62 

Exhibit  4,— Average  Number  of  Children  Borne  by  Fruitful  Mothers,  etc 68 

Exhibit  4,— Children  Born  in  1871,  Died  UnderOne  Year,  etc 218 

Exhibit  5,— Relation  of  Decedents  Under  One  Month  to  Births,  etc 215 

Exhibit  5,— Twins  by  Parent-Nativity,  and  Color 81 

Exhibit  6,— Life  Table  for  Males  Born  of  Native  Mothers 250-252 


456  SIXTH   REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Page. 

Exhibit  6,— Relation  of  Still-births  to  All  Births 98 

Exhibit  7,— Classified  Causes  of  Death,  by  Months 250 

Exhibit  7,— Number  and  Proportion  of  Mothers  having  Still-births  in  1S72 94 

Exhibit  8,— Five  Groups  of  Causes  of  Death,  1669-1872 260 

Exhibit  8,— Relation  of  Illegitimate  to  All  Births 97 

Exhibit  9,— Deaths  from  Casualty 880 

Exhibit  9,— Number  and  Proportion  of  Mothers  of  Illegitimate  Children 93 

Exhibit  10,— Deaths  from  Cancer 851 

Exhibit  10,— Townships  having  No  Births  in  1872 105 

Exhibit  11, —Fifteen  Principal  Causes  of  Death,  1868-1872 854 

Exhibit  12,— Deaths  from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  Spinal 

Meningitis,  and  Meningitis,  in  1869,  by  Months  and  Sex 868 

Exhibit  18,— Deaths  from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  etc.,  by 

Months 8C4 

Exhibit  14,— Deaths  from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spinal  Meningitis,  and 

Meningitis,  for  1871,  by  Months  and  Sex 865 

Exhibit  15,— Deaths  from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  Spinal 

Meningitis,;Meningiti8,  and  Acute  Meningitis,  for  1 872,  by  Months  and  Sex        866 
Exhibit  16,— Deaths  from  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  etc.,  for 

1872,  and  Meteorology 867 

Exhibit  17,  r-Deaths  from  Congestive  Chills,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 868-869 

Exhibit  18,— Heaths  from  Intermittent  Fever,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology...  870-871 

Exhibit  19,— Deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 872-878 

Exhibit  20,— Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 878 

Exhibit  21,— Meteorology  at  different  localities  in  Michigan,  by  Months 428 

"  Expectation  of  Life,"  so-called,— Average  Years  of  Life  after  each  Age,  Ta- 
ble of,  and  remarks  concerning 196-200,  20l>208 

F. 

Family,  Marriage,  Mother,  and  Woman,  Average  Number  of  Children  to  each,  54-68 

Fifteen  Principal  Causes  of  Death  for  each  of  the  years  1868-1872.... 854 

Foreign  Countries  and  States  of  this  Union,  Marriage-rates  in 157 

"  Fourth  of  July,"  Influence  on  Marriage-rate _ 124 

Geographical  Divisions  of  the  State,  Counties  in  each 261 

Grand  Haven,  Detroit,  Escanaba,  and  Marquette,  Michigan,  Meteorology  at, 

by  Months 428-429 


Heart,  Throat,  Lnngs,  Bowels,  Brain,  Diseases  of,  Deaths  from  each,  Grouped,  260 

Hitchcock,  H.  O..  M.  D.,— Children  to  Each  Family,  etc.,  in  Kalamazoo 57-66 

I* 

Illegitimate  Children 97-101 

Illegitimate  Children,  by  Counties 102-104 

Illegitimate  Children,  by  Sex  and  Nativity  of  Parents,  proportion  of  Males 101 

Illegitimate  Children,  by  Sex,  Months,  and  Nativity  of  Parents 99 

illegitimate  Children,  Mothers  of,  by  Nativity  and  Color,  Per  Cent,  of  all 

Mothers 98 


INDEX.  457 

Page. 
Illegitimate  Children,  Proportion  of  Males,  Influence  of  Parent-Nativity  upon,        116 

Illegitimate  Children,  Relation  of,  to  All  Children  born 9T 

Illegitimate  Children,  Relation  to  Inhabitants,  by  Sex  and  Color 100 

Illegitimate  Children,  Relative  Proportion  among  different  Races 9T-98 

Indians,  Birth-rate  and  Death-rate  among » 82,  52 

Indians,  Births  of 82-42,  81,  94,  98, 100 

Indians,  Deaths  of .52,  240-245 

Individuation  is  Opposed  to  Reproduction.. 51-58,  63 

Indian  Inhabitants 82-88,  81, 94,  98, 100, 106-107, 180,  240,  241 

Indians,  Marriages  of 129-188 

Individuation,  tendency  of  Females  toward , 52 

Infant  Mortality  and  Deaths  of  Children  Under  Five  Years  of  Age 206-215 

Inhabitants  Aged  15  to  45  Years,  and  Persons  Married,  by  Nativity  and  Sex...         185 

Inhabitants  Aged  15  to  45  Years,  Nativity  of,  by  Sex 4T 

Inhabitants  at  Ages  at  which  Marriages  occurred,  and  Persons  Married,  by 

Sex,  Age,  and  Periods  of  Age 186 

Inhabitants  Aged  20  to  45  Years,  Nativity  of,  by  Sex 50 

Inhabitants  Aged  25  to  45  Years,  Nativity  of,  by  Sex 50 

Inhabitants  by  Geographical  Divisions  of  the  State,  and  Deaths,  and  Per  Cent. 

by  Classes 262 

Inhabitants,  Birth-rate  and  Death-rate  of  Native  and  Foreign-born,  Compari- 
son of xvii-xix,  44-54,  69-78,  80-91,  94-96,  98,  99, 101,  246-255,  416-418 

Inhabitants,  Female,  aged  18  to  45  Years,  by  Color,  and  Relation  of  Births  to,     82-88 

Inhabitants,  Female,  Aged  16  to  45  Years,  by  counties 102-104 

Inhabitants,  Female,  Aged  16  to  45  Years  to  one  Illegitimate  child  born 102-104 

Inhabitants,  Female,  Aged  16  to  45  Years  to  one  Pair  of  Twins  born 102-104 

Inhabitants,  Female,  Aged  16  to  45  Years  to  each  Child  born  in  1870, 1871,  and 

1872 xvi 

Inhabitants  in  1870,  Marriages,  Births,  and  Deaths  in  1S72,  and  Excess  of 

Births  over  Deaths,  by  Counties  and  Sex. xx-xxv 

Inhabitants  June  1, 1870,  to  one  Marriage  in  1872,  and  Per  Cent,  of  Marriages 

to  population  ._ 152-156 

Inhabitants  June  1, 1870,  represented  by  Marriages  in  the  respective  years  to 

One  Marriage  in  1870, 1S71,  and  1872 xvi 

>  Inhabitants  June  1, 1S70,  Represented  by  Births,  to  Each  Child  born  in  1870, 

1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Inhabitants,  Native  and  Foreign-born,  Death-rate  among 52,  246-255 

Inhabitants,  Per  Cent,  of  each  Color  to  total  of  All  Colors,  in  connection  with  • 

the  same  for  Deaths - 240 

Inhabitants  represented  by  Marriages,  and  Marriages,  by  Color 180 

Inhabitants  represented  by  births,  and  Births,  by  Color  and  Sex 82-88 

Inhabitants,  Relation  of,  to  Persons  Married,  Children  born,  and  to  Dece- 
dents in  1872 xvii 

Inhabitants,  Relations  between  Native  and  Foreign-born,  in  this  country xviii 

Inhabitants  to  One  Marriage  in  Different  Countries,  States,  and  Cities ....         157 

Inhabitants  to  One  Death,  by  Sex,  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Intermittent  Fever  and  Typhoid  Fever,  remarks  concerning,  Correlation  of...         871 
Intermittent  Fever,  by  Months,  and  Meteorology 870-87t 

J. 

Justices  and  Ministers,  Suggestions  to 444-445 

58 


458  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

K. 

Pagb. 

Kalamazoo,  Michigan,  Average  Number  of  Children  to  Each  Family  in  -..62,  64,  66,  63 
Kedzie,  R.  C,  M.  D.,— Meteorological  Observations 859,  429 

Ii. 

Law  concerning  Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths 487-448 

Laws  for  collecting  Vital  Statistics  not  jet  perfect xvtil 

Laws  of  Michigan  concerning  the  Solemnization  of  Marriages 484-486 

Life  Table  for  Males  and  for  Females,  and  remarks  concerning 196-200, 201-208 

Life  Table  for  Males  born  of  Native  Mothers,  and  remarks 246-249,  250-252 

Langs,  Bowels,  Brain,  Heart,  Throat,  Diseases  of,  Deaths  from  Each,  groeped        260 


• 


Marriages,  and  Population  represented  by  marriages,  by  Nativity .' 184 

Marriages  by  Quarters  of  the  year  for  each  of  the  years  186S-1872,  Corrected  up 

to  May  1,1874 118 

Marriages  by  Quarters  of  the  year  for  the  years  186S-1872,  as  Originally  Re- 
turned           119 

Marriages,  by  Months  for  the  years  1868-1872,— Diagram  No.  2 125 

Marriages,  by  Counties,  by  Color 181-188 

Marriages,  by  Counties,  Nativity,  and  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex 187-148 

Marriages,  Blanks  for  Return  of,  to  county  clerk,  can  be  obtained  from  county 

clerks 488,  445 

Marriages,  Births,  and  Deaths,  Relation  between,  by  Months. 7-9 

Marriages  by  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex  of  Persons  Married 148 

Marriages  during  the  Years  1868-1872,  by  Months,  Equalized  to  uniform  length  122, 128 
Marquette,  Detroit,  Escanaba,  and  Grand  Haven,  Michigan,  Meteorology  at, 

by  Months 428-420 

Marriages  for  State,  by  Counties  and  Months 127-129 

Marriages  for  each  of  the  Years  1863-1872,  as  first  returned,  and  as  corrected  up 

to  May  1, 1874,  and  Population  June  1, 1870 152-156 

Marriages  for  the  Year  1872,  and  the  Average  Number  per  Quarter,  per  Month, 

per  Week,  and  per  Day 117 

Marriage,  Family,  Mother,  and  Woman,  Average  Number  of  Children  to  Each,     51-63 

Marriages,  Influence  of  "Fourth  of  July"  upon 124 

Marriages  in  Months  in  which  Conceptions  for  births  in  1872  occurred,  their 

Relation  to  Births 16 

Marriages  in  Months  of  Conception  of  births  in  1S72,  relation  of,  to  Births  Cor- 
rected    17 

Marriage  Laws  of  Michigan 484-486 

Marriages,  Number  and  Per  Cent,  in  each  Month  for  the  Years  1863-1872 120 

Marriages,  Number  of  Inhabitants  to .  One  Marriage  in  Different  Countries, 

States,  and  Cities 157 

Marriage  of  persons  Under  Legal  Age,  Remarks,  Law,  and  Suggestions  con- 
cerning  148,  484,  486,  444-445 

Married,  Persons,  in  1872,  and  Relation  to  Inhabitants,  by  Color  and  Sex 129-180 

Marriages,  Period  of  Age  at  which  the  Most  occurred 149 

Married,  Persons,  by  Sex,  Age  and  Periods  of  Age,  and  Population  at  Ages  at 

which  Marriages  occurred,  Per  Cent 186 

Marriage-rate,  Influence  of  Diseases  upon,  by  Excitation  of  Nervous  System..        121 
Marriage-rate,  various  Influences  upon 121 


IKDEX.  459 

Page. 
Marriages  with  great  Disparity  of  Age. 150-151 

Meteorology  and  Croup 858-859 

Meteorology  and  Croup  and  Diphtheria 861 

Meteorology  and  Diphtheria 862 

Meteorology  and  Cerebrospinal  Meningitis,  Spotted  Fever,  etc 867 

Meteorology  and  Intermittent  Fever 870-371 

Meteorology  and  Typhoid  Fever,  by  Months 872-878 

Meteorology  and  Pneumonia,  by  Months 862-888 

Meteorology  and  Congestive  Chills 869-869 

Meteorology  at  Detroit,  Escanaba,  Grand  Haven,  and  Marquette,  Mich.,  by 

Months * 428-429 

Meteorology  and  Consumption,  by  Months 881-882 

Meteorology  and  Scarlet  Fever,  by  Months 878 

Meteorological  Data  for  this  Report,  Where  Obtained 859, 874,  428,  429 

Meningitis,  Deaths  from,  for  each  of  the  years  1 869-1872,  by  Months,  and  Sex..  868-866 

Measles,  Deaths  from,  order  of  Tears,  and  Proportion  of  the  Sexes,  etc 876-877 

Measles,  Deaths  from,  greatest  Number  in  certain  Months,  Per  Cent,  of, 

Under  Five  Years  of  Age 877 

Measles,  Deaths  from 266,279,292,882,876-877 

Method,  new,  of  the  Compiler,  for  learning  the  Average  Ultimate  Number  of 

Children  to  each  Mother 58,  64 

Meteorological  Observations  by  Months,  at  the  Agricultural  College,  near 

Lansing,  Mich.,— Tables 480-481 

Meteorological  Observations  at  the  Agricultural  College,  near  Lansing,  Michi- 
gan  858-859,  861,  862,  867,  863-869,  870-871,  872-878,874,  878, 881,  888,  429,  480,  481 

Meteorological  Tables,  remarks  concerning „        429 

Michigan,  Compilers  Lifo  Table  for  Males  and  for  Females  in- 196-200 

Ministers  and  Justices  of  the  Peace,  Suggestions  to 444-445 

Mother,  Family,  Marriage,  and  Woman,  Average  Number  of  Children  to  Each,     54-63 

Mothers,  Native-born,  Life  Table  for  Males  born  in  Michigan  of. 250-252 

Months  in  which  Greatest  and  Least  Number  of  Deaths  occur  in  Massachu- 
setts, Michigan,  Rhode  Island,  and  Kentucky 164-165 

Months,  Relation  of,  to  the  Deaths  at  different  Ages 174-195 

N. 

Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants,  Relation  of,  to  Persons  Married,  to 

Children  born,  and  to  Decedents . xvii 

Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants  of  Michigan,  Comparative  Natural 

Increase  of xix 

Natirity  and  Parent-Nativity  of  Decedents.., 246-255 

Native-born  Mothers,  Life  Table  for  Males  born  in  Michigan  of. 250-252 

Nativity  of  Inhabitants  Aged  15  to  45  Years 47 

Nativity  of  Parents  of  Children  born 44-54 

Nativity  of  Inhabitants  Aged  20  to  45  Years,  by  Sex ^  50 

Nativity  of  Inhabitants  Aged  25  to  45  Years,  by  Sex 50 

Nativity  of  Parents  of  Children  born,  by  Sex,  by  Counties 69-78 

Nativity  of  Persons  Married,  by  Sex,  by  Counties 187-148 

Nativity  of  Persons  Married,  and  of  Inhabitants,  and  Relations  of 184-135 

Natural  Daily  Increase  of  Population  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Natural  Daily  Increase  of  Population  in  1870, 1871,  and  1872,  when  returns  are 

Corrected  for  Omissions  in  Enumeration xvi 


460  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Pagh. 
Natural  Increase  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants  of  Michigan  in  each 

of  the  Years  1S69-1S72 xix 

O. 

Occupations,  by  Classes,  of  All  Aged  Twenty  Years  and  oyer,  whose  Occupa- 
tions were  returned,  Aggregate  and  Average  Ages 419-427 

Occupation  of  Persons  returned  as  having  Died  from  Consumption,  by  Sex, 

Month,  Conjugal  Condition,  and  Period  of  Age. 898-415 

Occupations  of  Decedents,  by  Classes,  comments  upon 418 

Occupations  of  Fathers  of  Twins 92 

Old  Age,  Deaths  from,  and  of  those  Aged  70  Years  and  Over,  and. Under  Five, 
Per  Cent,  to  Deaths  at  All  Ages,  and  Average  Age.  of  Inhabitants  June  1, 

1870,  by  Sex  and  Counties . 895-897 

Old  Age,  Deaths  from,  and  of  those  Aged  70  Years  and  Over,  and  Under  5,  and 

Per  Cent,  to  Deaths  at  All  Ages,  by  Sex  and  Geographical  Divisions. 893-394 

Order  of  succession  of  Fifteen  Principal  Causes  of  Death _ 852-354 

Order  of  succession  of  Fifteen  Principal  Causes  of  Death  for  each  of  the 

Years  1868-1872 854 

P. 

Parent-Nativity  of  Children  born,  by  Counties  and  Sex 69-78 

Parent-Nativity  of  Children  born,  Relation  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  to  Na- 
tive and  Foreign-born  Inhabitants,  at  Child-bearing  Ages 48-49 

Parent-Nativity  of  children  born,  Relation  of,  to  Inhabitants,  by  Nativity 46 

Parent-Nativity  of  children  born,  and  Proportion  of  each  Sex  ior  each  of  the 

Years  1869-1872 : 45 

Parent-Nativity  and  Nativity  of  Decedents 246-255 

Persons  Married,  and  Population,  by  Sex  and  Nativity 184 

Persons  Married,  and  Inhabitants  Aged  15  to  45,  by  Nativity  and  Sex,  Per  Cent.        135 

Persons  Married  Under  Twenty-one  Years  of  Age,  by  Sex,  by  Counties 144-147 

Pneumonia  and  Consumption,  Correlation  of,  by  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex 836-387 

Pneumonia,  Conditions  Causing  Deaths  from,  may  tend  to  Cause  the  Disease 

itself.. 8S2 

Pneumonia,  Conditions  tending  to  Increase  the  Deaths  from,  seem  to  Decrease 

Deaths  from  Consumption 879 

Pneumonia,  Consumption,  and  Typhoid  Fever,  Deaths  from,  and  Per  Cent,  to 

All  Causes,  by  Counties 890-892 

Pneumonia,  Consumption,  and  Typhoid  Fever,  Deaths  from,  and  Per  Cent,  to 

All  Causes,  and  Deaths  from  All  Causes,  by  Geographical  Divisions,  by 

Sex ~ 388-889 

Pneumonia  and  Consumption,  Correlation  of,  by  Months  and  Sex 8S4-SS5 

Pneumonia,  Deaths  from,  and  Meteorological  Conditions,  by  Months 382-883 

Pneumonia,  Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from,  at  Each  Period  of  Age  to  total  at  All 

Ages  by  Sex,  and  Per  Cent,  of  the  Sexes 886-8S7 

Pneumonia,  Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from,  in  Each  Month  to  total  for  the  Year,  j 

by  Sex,  and  Per  Cent,  of  the  Sexes,  by  Months 384-885 

Population  in  1870,  Marriages,  Births,  and  Deaths  in  1872,  and  Excess  of 

Births  over  Deaths,  by  Counties  and  Sex _ xx-xxv 

Population,  Natural  Daily  Increase  of,  for  1870, 1871,  and  1872 xvi 

Population  of  Counties  and  Townships  from  which  No  Returns  of  Deaths  for 

1872  were  received 217-218 


INDEX.  461 

R. 

Page. 

Reproduction  is  Opposed  to  Individuation 51-58,  68 

S. 

Sanitary  Divisions  of  the  State,  Counties  Included  In  Each  of  the 261 

Scarlet  Fever,  Deaths  from,  and  Meteorological  Conditions,  by  Months.. 878 

Scarlet  Fever,  Deaths  from 5,  266, 279,  292,  840, 841,  852,  854,  856-857, 877,  878 

Scarlet  Fever,  Deaths  from,  Rank  of  several  Years,  Proportion  of  the  Sexes 877 

Scarlet  Fever,  Deaths  from,  Proportion  of,  in  certain  Months  and  of  certain 

Ages,  etc 877 

Secretary  of  State  Board  of  flea  lth  to  he  Superintendent  of  Vital  .Statistics...        444 

Sex  of  Children 108-116 

Sex  of  Children,  Influence  of  Parent-Nativity  upon 116' 

Snow,  Edwin  M.,  M.  D.,— Children  to  Each  Mother,  etc. 68-64 

Solemnization  of  Marriages,  Laws  of  Michigan  concerning 484-486 

j  Spencer,  Herbert,— Individuation  Opposed  to  Excessive  Reproduction 51 

Spotted  Fever,  Deaths  from,  for  each  of  the  years  1869-1372,  by  Months  and 

Sex 868-866 

!  Spinal  Meningitis,  Deaths  from,  for  each  of  the  years  1869-1872,  by  Months 

and  Sex t 868-866 

Stark,  Dr.,— Fruitful  Marriages  in  Scotland,  etc 65 

Still-births,  by  Sex,  Months,  and  Nativity  of  Parents -. 95 

Still-births,  by  Nativity  and  Color  of  Mothers 94 

Still-born  Children,  by  Sex,  and  by  Nativity  of  Parents _ 96 

Still-born  Children 98-96 

Still-born  Children,  Proportion  of  Males,  Influence  of  Parent-nativity  upon..         116 

Still-born  Children,  by  Counties 102-104 

Still-births,  Relation  of,  to  total  Births .*. 98 

Still-births,  Relation  to  total  Deaths,  as  per  Returns  of  Deaths,  for  the  years 

1868-1872 206 

Suggestions  to  Persons  Authorized  to  Solemnize  Marriages  in  Michigan 444-445 

Suicidal  Deaths,  Proportion  of  Mules,  and  Supposed  Connection  between 

Suicides  and  "Spotted  Fever" 162 

Superintendent  of  Vital  Statistics,  Law  providing  for  the  Appointment  of 444 

Supervisors  and  Assessors,  Suggestions  to 48,  78,  98,  206, 217-219,  241 

T. 

Table  I.,— Births  by  Quarters,  for  each  of  the  Years  1868-1872 2 

Table  I.,— Marriages,  Births,  and  Deaths  in  1872,  and  Excess  of  Births  over 

Deaths,  and  Averages  per  Quarter,  Month,  Week,  and  Day xvii 

Table  I.,— Marriages  by  Quarters,  for  Each  of  the  Years  1868-1872 118 

Table  I.,— Deaths  by  Quarters  of  the  Year 158 

Table  n.,— Births  by  Months,  for  Each  of  the  Years  1868-1872 8 

Table  II.,— By  Sex  and  Counties,  the  Population  June  1, 1870,  the  Marriages, 

Births,  and  Deaths  in  1872,  and  the  Excess,  of  Births  over  Deaths xx-xxv 

Table  II.,— Deaths,  by  Months,  for  Each  of  the  Years  1868-18721'. 159 

Table  II.,— Marriages,  by  Months  for  Each  of  the  Years  186S-1872 120 

Table  in.,— Births,  Months  of  Conceptions,  and  Marriages,  Equalized 16 

Table  III.,— Deaths,  by.  Months,  During  the  Year  1872 161 

Table  m.,— Marriages,  by  Counties,  by  Months 127-129 

Table  IV., -Births,  by  Counties,  Sex,  and  Months 18-81 


462  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Page. 

Table  IV.,— Deaths,  by  Sex,  and  Periods  of  Age 172-178 

Table  IV.,— Persons  Married,  by  Color,  by  Sex,  etc 180 

Table  V. ,— Births,  by  Color,  by  Sex,  etc, 82-88 

Table  V.,— Deaths,  by  Periods  of  Age,  by  Sex,  by  Months 178-18* 

Table  V.,— Marriages,  by  Counties,  by  Color  of  persons  Married 181  -183 

Table  VI.,— By  Nativity,  the  Population,  Persons  Married,  etc— 184 

Table  VI.,— Births,  by  Color,  by  Counties,  and  Sex 84-12 

Table  VI.,— Deaths,  by  Age,  by  Sex,  by  Months 183-195 

Table  VII.,— Births,  by  Parent-Nativity,  by  Sex. 44 

Table  VII.,— By  Age,  and  Sex,  the  Population,  Persons  Married,  etc 186 

Table  VII.,— Life  Table  for  Males  and  for  Females 196-200 

Table  VIII.,— Births,  by  Nativity  of  Parents,  by  Counties,  by  Sex 69-78 

Table  VIII.,— Deaths  of  Children  Aged  Under  One  Tear,  Died  in  1872,  etc 204-205 

Table  VIII.,— Marriages,  by  Nativity,  and  Periods  of  Age,  by  Counties. 187-148 

Table  IX.,— Decedents  Aged  100  years  and  Over -216 

Table  DC.,— Persons  Married,  aged  Under  Twenty-one  Tears,  by  Counties 144-147 

Table  IX.t— Twin  Children,  by  Months,  by  Sex- 79 

Table  X.,— Deaths,  by  Counties,  Sex,  Months,  and  Age. 220-289 

Table  X.,— Marriages,  by  Ages  in  Periods 148 

Table  X.,— Parent-Nativity  of  Twins  born  in  Michigan  in  1872 80 

Table  XI.,— Deaths,  by  Color,  and  Sex,  etc 240 

Table  XI.,— Marriages,  with  Disparity  of  Age,  by  Counties 150-157 

Table  XI.,— Parent-Nativity  of  Twins  born  in  1872 88 

Table  XII.,— Births  of  Twins,  by  Counties,  Parent-Nativity,  etc 84-91 

Table  XII.,— Deaths,  by  Color,  by  Counties,  by  Sex 242-245 

Table  XII.,— Marriages,  Corrected,  by  Counties 152-156 

Table  XIII.,- Deaths,  bj  Nativity,  by  Counties,  by  Sex 258-255 

Table  XIII.,— Occupation  of  Fathers  of  Twins  born  in  1872 92 

Table  XTV.,— Classified  Causes  of  Death,  1869-1872 256 

Table  XIV.,— SUll-births,  by  Parent-Nativity- 95 

Table  XV.,— Deaths,  by  Geographical  Divisions,  etc... 262 

Table  XV.,— Parent-Nativity  of  Still-born  Children 96 

Table  XVI.,— Births,  Illegitimate  Children,  by  Counties,  etc 99 

Table  XVI.,— Causes  of  Death  Classified,  by  Counties _ 264-802 

Table  XVH.,— Causes  of  Death  Alphabetically  Arranged 808-849 

Table  XVII.,—  Illegitimate  Births,  by  Color,  and  by  Sex,  etc 100 

Table  XVIII.,— Births  of  Illegitimates,  by  Parent-Nativity,  etc 101 

Table  XVIII.,— Fifteen  Principal  Causes  of  Death 802 

Table  XIX.,— Ten  Specified  Causes  of  Death,  by  Months,  etc... 856 

Table  XIX.,— Triplet  Children  born  in  1872 101 

Table  XX.,— Birth-rate,  by  Counties,  etc 102-104 

Table  XX.,— Per  Cent,  of  Deaths  from  each  of  Ten  Specified  Causes,  etc 857 

Table  XXI.,— Delinquent  Counties  and  Townships 106-107 

Table  XXI.,— Diarrhea  and  Dysentery,  number  and  Per  Cent.,  by  Geographical 

Divisions  of  State 875 

Table  XXII.,— Correlation  of  Consumption  and  Pneumonia,  by  Months  and 

Sex 891-S85 

Table  XXII.,— Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  etc 110 

Table  XXIII.,— Conceptions  for  Births  in  1S72,  Corrected,  etc Ill 

Table  XXIII.,— Correlation  of  Consumption  and  Pneumonia,  by  Periods  of 

Age,  by  Sex 886-887 


INDEX.  463 

Page. 

Table  XXIV.,— Deaths,  and  Conceptions  for  Births,  by  Months,  etc 112 

Table  XXIV.,— Deaths  from  Ail  Causes,  Consumption,  Pneumonia,  and  Ty- 
phoid Fever,  and  Per  Cent,  to  All  Causes,  by  Geographical  Divisions,  by 

Sex 888-S89 

Table  XXV.,— Consumption,  Pneumonia,  and  Typhoid  Fever,  Deaths  from, 

and  Per  Cent  to  All  Causes,  by  Counties. 890-392 

Table  XXV.,— Deaths,  and  Conceptions  for  Births,  Corrected,  etc 118 

Table  XXVI.,— Deaths,  and  Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  Corrected,  etc 114 

Table  XXVI.,— Deaths  from  Old  Age,  of  those  Aged  70  years  and  over,  and  of 
those  Aged  Under  5  Years,  and  Per  Cent,  to  deaths  at  All  Ages,  by  Sex, 

and  Geographical  Divisions  of  State 898-894 

Table  XXVII.,— Average  Age  of  Inhabitants  of  Michigan  in  1870,  Deaths  at 
All  Ages,  from  Old  Age,  of  those  Aged  70  and  over,  and  Under  5,  and  Per 

Cent,  to  deaths  at  All  Ages,  by  Sex  and  Counties 895-897 

Table  XXVII.,— Deaths,  and  Conceptions  for  Births  in  1872,  Equalized,  etc. 115 

Table  XXVIII.,— Deaths  from  Consumption  by  Occupation,  Sex,  Month,  Con- 
jugal Condition,  and  Period  of  Age. 898-415 

Table  XXVIII.,— Proportion  of  Males  in  Total  Births,  Twins,  etc. 116 

Table  XXIX.,— Classified  Occupations  of  All  decedents  Aged  20  years  and 
over,  whose  occupations  were  returned,  showing  Aggregate  and  Average 

Ages- 419-42T 

Table  XXX.,— Some  Meteorological  Observations  at  Agricultural  College, 

Mich.,  by  Months 480 

Table  XXXI.,— Observations  of  Thermometer  at  Agricultural  College,  Mich., 

by  Months 431 

Ten  Specified  Causes  of  Death,  Number  and  Per  Cent,  by  Sex,  by  Months,  and 

Periods  of  Age. 856-85T 

Throat,  Lungs,  Bowels,  Brain,  Heart,  Diseases  of,  Deaths  from,  grouped 260 

Townships  and  Population  of,  in  which  it  is  reported  that  No  Births  Occurred 

in  1872 105 

Townships,  Delinquent  in  returns  of  Births - 106, 107 

Triplet  Children,  details  concerning 101 

True  Expectation  of  Life— Probable  Duration  of  Life,  Table  of,  and  remarks 

concerning 196-200,201-208 

Twins,  by  Counties,  Sex,  and  Nativity  of  Parents 84-91 

Twins,  by  Nativity  and  Color  of  Mothers , 81 

Twins,  by  Pairs,  Parent-Nativity 80 

Twin  Children,  Proportion  of  Males,  Influence  of  Parent-Nativity  upon 116 

Twins,  Number,  by  Month  and  by  Sex 79 

Twins,  Number  of  Males  to  100  Females,  by  Counties 102-104 

Twins,  Occupations  of  Fathers  of 92 

Twins,  Parent-Nativity  of,  by  Same  and  Different  States 88 

Twins,  relation  of  Native  and  Foreign-born  parents  of,  to  Native  and  Foreign- 
born  Inhabitants 82 

Typhoid  Fever,  Consumption,  and  Pneumonia,  Deaths  from,  and  Per  Cent,  to 

All  Causes,  by  Counties 890-892 

Typhoid  Fever,  Consumption,  and  Pneumonia,  Deaths  from,  and  Per  Cent,  to 
All  Causes,  and  Deaths  from  All  Causes,  by  Geographical  Divisions,  by 

Sex 888-889 

Typhoid  Fever,  Deaths  from 5,  267,  280, 298,  821, 852,  854,  856-857, 872-S74,  888-892 


464  SIXTH  REGISTRATION  REPORT. 

Page. 

Typhoid  Fever  and  Meteorological  Condition*,  by  Months 872-878 

Typhoid  Fever,  remarks  concerning 874 

Typhoid  Fever,  Greatest  Mortality  from,  among  persons  between  Certain 

Ages,  and  in  Certain  Months 874 

U. 

Under  Five  Years  of  Age,  Death  of  Children,  172,  174,  177,  178, 188-1 S5, 196, 206-215, 

220-289, 250,  808-849,  855-857,  860,  875-877,  879.  886,  898-415. 
Uniformity  of  Death-rate  in  different  States  for  the  same  year,  and  in  the  same 

States  for  different  years. -. 164-165 

V. 

Vital  Statistics,  Secretary  of  State  Board  of  Health  to  be  Superintend  en  I  of...        444 
Vital  Statistics,  meagre  provisions  for,  statement  of  facta  relative  to xYiii 

W. 

Watford's  Insurance  Cyclopedia,— Fecundity,  etc 60-67 

Whooping-cough,  Deaths  from,  Comparison  of  Years,  remarks 879 

Whooping-cough,  Deaths  from,  Proportion  of  the  Sexes,  Greatest  Mortality 

in  Certain  Months  and  of  Certain  Ages 879- 

Whooping-cough,  Deaths  from 267,  280,  292,  849,  851,  856-857,  879 

Women  aged  18  to  45,  and  Relation  of  Births  to,  by  Color 82-88 

Women  aged  18  to  45  Years,  by  Race  and  Color 82-88 

Woman,  Marriage,  Family,  and  Mother,  Average  number  of  Children  to  Each.  54-68 


