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‘SESSIONAL PAPERS. 


VOI MeV IT PAR ViEl. 


SECOND SESSION EIGHTH LEGISLATURE 


OF THE 


PROVINCH OF ONTARIO- 


he An 
val 


Es LOAN SUG. 


TORONTO: 
PRINTED FOR LUD. K. CAMERON, QUEEN’S PRINTER, 
BY WARWICK BROS. & RUTTER, 68 any 70 FRONT STREFT WEST. 
1896, 


J 7 2 yee , 
ee 
ce ne shiners , 


aa 


LIST OF SESSION AL PAPERS. 


ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. 


tLe: 


Aecounts, Pubhe! i523. ARLES Tho eR ibe Set A MOMS Paes 
Actions and References, pending 
Pemcuiiural @ollege sHeport: Muy ka wes eee hoe les She 
VET ICU GURG AN OSATES, We POLUr oon cy fae cs ope goed wate 
PYrenreotovienl Wepobt, (Dart OL) fx 6) frat sy gion s| ete ato, > 
oD SCN REINS, TePEOY AGNES ae ae A Rg A RU 


CP 


Dee-Keepers Association, Report 2 oee. 2.2. ee 
* Births, Marriages and Deaths, Report 
Blind Institute, Report 
TBE ASCE ECULIEICS@ Te ne tate ON ies Ae ah Makes. 4 


eee teh OMe) ies le the ve fa ua Ve! 880) 6 wt 


Cee el a Nella 6, ele! Wes ea erie! el elie erl'e ie. er le ence! lero 


ene S: Nene” (ey oule) eas, 8's at Ore tae eae 


Cater breeders Association -: 2.5.5.5. J. ee eee 
Central Prison, Stock in Industrial Department........ 
do agreement re binder twine ............ 
do cost of machinery re binder twine..... 
do PeToSt RC MALU GGu tr ta haere eMart oth, 
Siuvarensy EtovechionsActyalveport. oo ey Se a. See 
ESTEE Va RE ST ET0) 65 A nc 


eos @7 0, © eo + & 8 Oe: © 8 & we Oe 


Dairymen and Creameries, Report 
Penance um institute, Report...) sae ts. wn. was 
PPE ASLONOOULLS VC DOVOCE cee ccale's 6 ws inf ays 5 ei Pe ered 
Dominion Cattle Breeders’ Association, Report 
POMC mI MUSE. OUITOPA LE LCOS nearer de woyebe nde gym. wrt 

Perea Tima ralOUMn En, | hey eigen aire 8 ads Oe fread ond eae 


Bdaucationy Orders in. Counce an 18958 ee es 
do Ottawa Separate Schools 
do TST aTCLR > FE pgte Oya yan AA ae eee a 
do affiliation, School of Pedagogy ............ 
do publication of Writing Course ............ 
do do UV RICA MS Clen Con aise ten oy 
do do Readers 
do Normal Schools in London 
do children passing leaving examinations...... 


0: 649 ep oe (ere hs!) 00) 6 By 6. 1S) ee 8 


ceooce ee Pe es © © © * OD we eo He Oo 


S06 Leta ee 6 a) 6) (0 ve (0h. aie 


REMARKS. 


| Printed. 
| Not printed. 
Printed. 


66 


Printed. 


ce 


Not printed. 


Printed. 


Not printed, 
Printed. 


Printed. 


“e 
G6 


(a9 


Not printed. 


Printed. 


Not printed. 


TITLE. 


Elections, return from Records of 
Elgin House of Industry Report 
Elliott, Junior Judge, Surrogate fees 
Entomological Society, Report 


eee) 68 éL tes ie 


ote ee) 96 "e (0 le Spiaiie ce 


0-6 ee 26. ele (eave Vergene 


FSG ATTVAGOR oot e ee os cea teak rae eae ane SPRL" So 


BACtOLICS. RO POG 20 see. 4s) rn eee tenet RR este ss. ee 


Farmers’ Institutes, Report 


ee ee Cees ee & 


Horestry) Reports. ise Nie A name(s tele eee 


Fruit, Experiment Stations 


Oo \ehie (6 C10 “ele ever” 


oe" ie 6" exile eae |e. 6: ‘ee: 


SUARGTOWECLS y RODOlG so, cote et eee an are ae 


Game-angd Fish} Report... i) sen. fe ewes 


6 6:0 /@ e/ Be ie 


Gaols Common) Reports 22 tani. sob as Geet eeree Ne ne 


Hazelwood and Whalen, pulpwood agreement 


Health, Report 


@ Te! o) fe, +0. .0) 1 fe 


oe yee & (1) (6) Civel 6 te ‘el ve (e\/ate erre © hes 8! 04.66. 8 (aye: einer ies ve) To 


ros pitals, We port voce, <i 1F lok ree ga ore etree aera teen 


Immigration, Report 
Industries, Bureau, Report 
Insurance, Report 


Jones, Judge, commutation 


Legal Offices, Report 
Library Report 


License Commissioners, names, etc 


Medical Council, prosecutions 
Mosgrove, Judge, Surrogate fees 


Municipal indebtedness 


o @ jemer ts a <0, 0) @: Je fe 


ee} 


0 © © © 6 ¢ @ @ 


eee e © © © 


eoecececee ee ee ee ee ee ewe ee ee he ew oO ew we Ow 


© © @ \0 6 © (@ 0 ©, » 02-6) 6 © a6 @ eee! 6 0) ee 


© @)eo 06) -6.):.6 50 & ey ae (eae rel Ct (6-10 “en 6) 6A@) ee 6.16.0) es 4,18 


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ody fe" eh “eel ele al elise (ae 


Oe. eso 6 Whe 6 0) o fey leylen eo (a See fe) ae Lenje 6: 0 


BYU COC RoW LLITA TN eeta tenet ccc tepha, healed ene Ae ine ea 


Normal Schools in London 


Ottawa Separate Schools, Report 


Printing and Binding, amounts paid for 


Poultry and Pet Stock, Report 


6. je ue Le. o fey © “ve. 


oR SA 8t OT OO) ES ore et eM, SA she si hele Ne Ree Aer pela As 


© Fe) we. 6 8. Qe te. eye ey ee 


©) (we obey (6 clei delle) Ley te, Leas, 


Oy yh, We ce sie. 0) ete is eee 


ET ePACCOUDLLE cr itil. Wee | bri tates coteen ae he mae ate es 
MLL A) LICOLSIEUi, ecg aac ibe oe stonnentse ACM TO, cessed aerate 
eal Dba WW -OTKS, | RG DONL ES score nln an tenet ter rite can ee) Reet ae ee 
DIO WOOCeNOTeeIn emt sain aay gyn lees ene cee a cect) Aen 


Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park, Report 


Quiball, Police Magistrate 


@ Yer 0, a" feiee 


Refuge, Houses of 


o Hah Lot, 28) (80 ie he eis) 6 


ob Tette he dew ie Lie he. 6 Vey .s 


erke! 9 eple: 6 ‘elie te 4 fe \e.<@. 


REMARKS. 


Printed. 
Not printed. 


Printed. 
(<4 


Printed. 


ce 
sé 


ce 


Printed. 


Not printed. 


Printed. 


Printed 


iT 


Not printed, 
Printed. 
Not printed. 


Not printed. 


Printed. 


Not printed. 


Not printed. 


Privnted. 


Not printed. 


Printed. 
Not printed. 
Printed. 
Not printed. 


Prvnted. 


Not printed. 


Pronted. 


TITLE, 


ReMARKS., 


PVEOISULAT cesleGig em City... v's a Mie) Fae aor Pi nee ee 


Secretary and Registrar's Report.........2........... 
Sheep and Swine Breeders’, Report .................. 
BiniihasounaWe | ballitt in speek. 6... very le Keele ne et 
PSEALUCLCS ALIStriDUbLON ic. emt ee cn bene cen measly 
PlLepRensone lands HOOCEC MMR gor 8 ninn ats st tlre seen 


favern and Shop Licenses, heport \. os ices. 
iiintess Report.or Masten Olam ey cc cs rie hereto tage: 
oronto Generale trusts: Compan yee eects ots sate ow ane 
Toronto University, Auditor's Report ................ 
do Diseipline Report. eae ts aan sees 
do HINANCEMNVEPOLG rar eras eae Paneth 
do DGstUIONS ONPStathe a os) eee ete tia. 

do applications for professorships . . 
do affiliation with Oxford and Cam- 
ap ts Fagen nra ay ie a ee Sea gS 


Woper Canada College, Report, vay oe di Pe oes ae 


Printed. 


cc 


66 


Not printed. 
4 
ce 
Printed. 
‘74 


Not printed. 
Printed. 


¢ 


Not printed. 


| Printed. 


Not pronted. 


LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS. 


Arranged in Numerical Order with their Titles at full length ; the dates when 
Ordered and when presented to the Legislature; the name of the Member 
who moved the same, and whether Ordered to be Printed or not. 


CONTENTS OF PART I. 


No. 1../Report of the Commission relating to the Ottawa Separate Schools. 
Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


No. 2..j/Report of the Minister of Education of the year 1895, with the Statistics 
of 1894 Presented to the Legislature 27th February, 1896. 
(Printed.) 


No. 3..|Public Accounts of the Province for the year 1895. Presented to the 
Legislature 17th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


No. 4..|Estimates for the Service of the Province until after Estimates of the 
year are finally passed. Presented to the Legislature 18th Febru- 
ary, 1896. (Notprinted.) Estimates for the year 1896. Presented 
to the Legislature 19th February, 1896. (Printed.) Estimates 
(supplementary) for the year 1896. Presented to the Legislature 
Ist April, 1896. (Printed.) 


CONTENTS OF PART II. 


No. 5..{Report of the Commissioner of Crown Lands for the year 1895, Pre- 
sented to the Legislature 13th March. (Printed.) 


No. 6..|Report of the Department of Immigration for the year 1895. Presented 
to the Legislature 20th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


No. 7..}Report of the Inspector of Division Courts for the year 1895. Presented - 
to the Legislature 20th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


No. 8..|Report on the working of the Tavern and Shop Licenses Acts for the 
year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 1896. 
(Printed. ) 


No. 9..j|Report of the Commissioner of Public Works for the year 185. Pre- 
sented to the Legislature 20th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


No. 10../Report of the Inspector of Insurance and Registrar of Friendly Societies 
for the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 
1896. (Printed.) 


8 


eee ee ee 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


Bs 


14. 


LG). 


Wee 


ecko, 


be 2s 


ben. 


CONTENTS OF PART III. 


.Report upon the Lunatic and Idiot Asylums of the Province for the 


year ending 30th September, 1895. Presented to the Legislature 
13th February, 1896. (Pronted.) 


2..{Report upon the Common Goals, Prisons and Reformatories of the Pro- 


vince for the year ending 30th September, 1895. Presented to the 
Legislature 20th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


. Report upon the Houses of Refuge and Orphan and Magdalen Asylums 


of the Province for the year ending 30th September, 1895. Pre- 
sented to the Legislature, 12th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


| 


. Report upon the Hospitals of the Province for the year ending 30th 


September, 1895. Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1896. 
(Pronted.) 


.. Report upon the Institution for the Education of the Blind, Brantford, 


for the year ending 30th September, 1895. Presented to the 
Legislature 12th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


.|Report upon the Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, 


Belleville, for the year ending 30th September, 1895. Presented to 
the Legislature 12th February, 1896. (Prunted.) 


.|Report of the Work under the Children’s Protection Act for the year 


1895. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 1896. (Pranted.) 
CONTENTS OF PART IV. 


. Report of the Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm and 


Experimental Union for the year 1895. Presented to the Legisla- 
ture 6th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for the year 1895. 
| Presented to the Legislature 23rd March, 1896. (Printed.) 


. Report of the Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario for the year 1895. 


Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


.. Report of the Fruit Experiment Stations of Ontario, for the year 


1895. Presented to the Legislature 11th March 1896. (Printed.) 
CONTENTS OF PART V 


. Report of the Bee Keepers’ Association of the Province for the year 


1395. Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


3.. Report of the Poultry and Pet Stock Associations of the Province for the 


year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1896. 
(Printed.) : 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


PARIS 


i ele 


27. 


eae 


aie eye 


302.8 


Sat ee 


aaj 


ees. 


3A, 


35. 


36. . 


ay ae 


.|Report of the Dairymens and Creameries’ Associations of the Province 


for the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 
1896. (Printed.) 


Report of the Superintendent of Farmers’ Institutes of the Province 
for the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1896. 
(Printed.) | 


Report of the Sheep and Swine Breeders’ Associations of the Province 
for the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1896. 
(Printed.) 


..|Report of the Dominion Cattle Breeders’ Association of the Province for | 


| the year 1895. Presented to. the Legislature 31st March, 1896. 
| . (Printed.) 


CONTENTS OF PART VI. 


Report of the Agriculture and Arts Association for the year 1895. 
Presented to the Legislature 31st March, 1896, 


Report of the Inspectors of Factories for the Province for the year 1895. 
Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


Report upon the Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths in the 
Province for the year 1894 ° Presented to the Legislature 12th 
February, 1896. (Printed.) 


Report of the Inspector of Legal Offices for the year 1895. Presented 
to the Legislature 20th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


Report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls 
Park for the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 5th March, 
1896. (Printed. 


Report of the Ontario Game and Fish Commission. Presented to the 
Legislature 28th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


.|Report of the Bureau of Mines for the year 1895. Presented to the 


Legislature 31st March, 1896. (Printed.) 


CONTENTS OF PART VII. 


.|Report of the Board of Health for the year 1895, Presented to the 


Legislature 19th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


Report of the Bureau of Industries for the year 1895 Presented to 
the Legislature 11th March, 1896. (Printed.} 


Auditor's Report to the Board of Trustees on Capital and Income 
Account of the University of Toronto. Presented to the Legis- 
lature 12th February, 1896. (Printed ) 


10 


No. 38..|Report of the Commissioners on the Discipline and other matters in the 
University of Toronto. Presented to the Legislature 12th Febru- 
| ary, 1896. (Printed.) 


No. 39../Report of the Standing Committee on Finance of the University of 
Toronto. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 31896. 
(Printed.) , 


No. 40. . |Report of the Clerk in charge of the Forestry Branch, Crown Lands 
Department. Presented to the Legislature 31st March, 1896. 
(Printed.) 


CONTENTS OF PART VIII. 


No. 41../Return from the Records of the several Elections to the Legislative 
Assembly in the Electoral Districts of West Algoma; the North 
| Riding of the County of Brant, Kingston, South Wentworth and 
West Wellington, since the General Election of 1894, shewing: (1) 
The number of Votes polled for each Candidate in each Electoral 
District. (2) The majority whereby each successful Candidate 
was returned. (3) The total number of Votes polled in each 
District. (4) The total number of Votes remaining unpolled. (5) 
The number of names on the Voters’ List in each District. (6) 
The number of Ballot Papers sent out, and how disposed of in each 
Polling Sub-Division. (7) The number of Tendered Ballots sent 
out. (8) The population of each District as shown by the last 
| Census. Presented to the Legislature 13th February, 1896. 
(Printed.) 


No. 42../Copy of an Order in Council directing the payment out of the Surplus 
Surrogate fees of $115, to His Honour J udge Doyle. Presented to 
the Legislature, 12th February, 1896. (Not printed.) 


No. 43../Copy of an Order in Couneil increasing the commutation paid to His 
Honour Judge Jones. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 
1896. (Not printed.) — 


No. 44..\Copy of an Order in Council directing the payment out of the Surplus 
Surrogate fees of $500 to His Honour J udge Mosgrove Presented 
to the Legislature 12th February, 1896. (Not printed.) 


No. 45../Report of the Principal of Upper Canada College shewing the present 
attendance of pupils and also the statement of the Bursar for the 
year ending 30th June, 1895. Presented to the Legislature 12th 
February, 1896. (Not printed.) 


No. 46. . ‘Statement shewing distribution of Revised and Sessional Statutes for 
| the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 1896. 
| (Not printed.) 


tL 


No. 


No. 


IN: 


No. 


No. 


47..|Return to an Order of the House of the Eleventh day of March, 1895, 


48 


g hD 


ee 


Dt 
tr 
. 


for a Return shewing the names, occupations and post office 
addresses of the License Commissioners of the Province for the 
years 1891-92-93 and 1894 Presented to the Legislature 12th 
February, 1896. Mr. Ryerson. (Not printed.) 


..|Return to an Order of the House for the Third day of April, 1895, for a 


| 


Return shewing the number of prosecutions instituted by agents 
or detectives of the Medical Council during the year 1894, for vio- 
lations of the Medical Act, shewing the names of such prosecutors, 
the names of those prosecuted, the particular offence with which 
they were charged, and the fine or imprisonment imposed upon 
those persons convicted. Presented to the Legislature 12th Feb- 
ruary, 1896. Mr. Caven. (Not printed.) 


Return to an Order of the House of the Third day of April, 1895, for a 
Return of copies of all applications for the purchase of the water 
lot in front of lot No. 15 in the 8th Concession of the Township 
of Dysart, in the County of Haliburton, and of all plans, petitions 
and correspondence relating to the issue of a patent of such water 
lot. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 1896. Mr. Car- 
negie. (Not printed.) 


.|Copies of Orders in Council relating to Educational matters approved 


of during the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 13th Feb- 
ruary, 1896. (Printed.) 


Return to an Order of the House of the Eleventh day of March, 1895. 
for a Return of copies of all letters received by the Minister of 
Education, and by other members of the Government, since the 
first day of January, 1891, recommending persons for positions on 
the staft of University College, and of the School of Practical 
Science. Presented to the Legislature 17th February, 1896. Mr. 
Whitney. (Not printed.) 


-/Return to an Order of the House of the House of the Twenty-seventh 


day of March, 1895, fora Return of copies of all correspondence 
between any member of the Government and any person or persons 
referring to the establishment of. a Normal School in the City of 
London, and a similar Return reterrins to the establishment of a 
Normal School in the Town of Woodstock. Presented to the 
Legislature 17th February, 1896. Mr. Whitney. (Not printed.) 


.|{Return to an Order of the House of the Third day of April, 1895, for a 


Return of copies of all correspondence between the Municipality of 
Sudbury and any member of! the Government relating to W. A. 
Quiball, Police Magistrate of Sudbury. Presented to the Legisla- 
ture 17th February, 1896. Mr. Whitney. (Not printed.) 


-|Report of the Inspector of the Elgin House of Industry and Refuge, for 


the year 1895. Presented to the Legislature 18th February, 1896. 
(Not printed.) 


No. 


No. 


D5... 


NYE 


. 60 


1 Bre 


Report of the Master of Titles for the year 1895. Presented to the 
Legislature 20th February, 1896. (Printed.) 


-|Return to an Order of the House of the Tenth day of April, 1895, for 


a Return of copies of all correspondence, documents and writings, 
between any member of the Government, or any person or persons 
and the Government, in connection with the recent appointment of 
Mr. John W. Smith, of the Town of Brampton, as Bailiff of the 
First Division Court of the County of Peel, and of the dismissal 
of Mr. George Broddy. Presented to the Legislature, 21st 
February, 1896. Mr. St. John. (Not printed.) 


-|Statement of the affairs of the Toronto General Trusts Company for the 


year 1895. Presented to the Legislature, 25th February, 1896. 
(Not printed.) 


-|Return to an Order of the House of the Tenth day of April, 1895, 


for a Return, shewing all actions and references pending before 
Local Masters which have been pending for more than six months, 
with the dates, when the matters were brought into the Master’s 
office, the present condition of such matters, and the reasons wh 
same are not disposed of. Mr. Middleton. Presented to the Leg- 
islature, 27th February, 1896. (Not printed.) 


.|Detailed Statement of all Bonds and Securities recorded in the Provin- 


cial Registrar's Office since the last return submitted to the Legis- 
lative Assembly upon the eighth day of March, A.D. 1895, made in 
accordance with the provisions of R.S.O., cap. 15, sec. 23. Pre- 
sented to the Legislature, 28th February, 1896. (Not printed.) 


{Return to an Order of the House of the Twenty-sixth day of February, 


1896, for a Return of copies of all correspondence, papers and docu- 
ments, except that already brought down, between any member or 
officer of the Government, or any other person or persons, on the 
subject of claims for damages for the flooding of lands in the Town- 
ship of Stevenson by the Government dam at the outlet of Mary 
Lake. Also, copies of al! reports made by any Departmental! 
officer, or any other person, to the Government, or any Department 
thereof, on the subject of such claims, or the damages occasioned 
by such works. Presented to the Legislature, 5th March, 1896. 
Mr. Langford. (Not printed.) 


No. 61../Return to an Order of the House of the Twenty-first day of February, 


1896, for a Return shewing (1) the amount of stock on hand in 
each of the Industrial Departments of the Central Prison, at the 
stock taking on 30th September, 1894, and on 30th September, 
1895. (2); The amount of material purchased for each of said 
departments during the year ending 30th September, 1895. (3) 
The amount of wages of all foremen and instructors employed in 
each of said shops during the year ending 30th September, 1895. 
(4) The number of days labour of prisoners detailed to each of said 
shops during said year, shewing the total number detailed, whether 
employed or not. (5) The amount received, and amount. stil! 


oF 


13 


No. 


No. 


No. 


. 62 


63 


. 65 


66 


67. 


owing for the produce of said industries sold during the year end- 
ing 380th September, 1895, and the amount received during the 
year ending 30th September, 1895, on account of sales previous to 
30th September, 1894 Presented to the Legislature, 5th March, 
1896. Mr. Matheson. (Printed.) 


..|Statement of Returns forwarded totthe office of the Provincial Secre- 


tary, of all fees and emoluments received by the Registrars of Deeds, 
for the Province of Ontario, for the year 1895, made in accordance 
with the provisions of 56 Victoria, cap. 21, sections 117, 120 and 
121, and 57 Victoria, cap. 9, sections 6 and 7, with which are con- 
trasted the gross amount of fees for the years 1893 and 1894. Pre- 
sented t» the Legislature, 6th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


.|Copy of an Order of His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council 


approved of the 15th day of Aucust, 1895, approving of the Com- 
panies therein mentioned, as Security for Public Officers. Pre- 
sented to the Legislature, 6th March, 1896. Not printed. 


. 64. .|Copy of an Agreement, dated Third day of March, 1896, between the 


Minister of Education and the Board of Education of the City of 
Hamilton, affiliating the Ontario School of Pedagogy with the 
Hamilton Collegiate Institute. Presented to the Legislature 9th 
March, 1896. (Printed.) 


..|Copy of an Agreement between the Inspector of Prisons and Public 


Charities and P. L. O'Connor, relative to the manufacture of 
binder twine at the Central Prison. Also, of Order in Council 
approved by His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor on the Ist day 
of October, 1895, authorizing the said Agreement. Presented to 
the Legislature 11th March, 1896. (Printed.) 


..|Copy of an Order in Council, approved by His Honour the Lieutenant- 


Governor the 10th day of March, 1596, fixing the amount to be 
paid to His Honour Judge Elliott, Junior Judge of the County 
of Middlesex, out of the surplus Surrogate fees for the year 1895. 
Presented to the Legislature 13th March, 1896. (Not printed.) 


.|Return to an Order of the House of the Sixth day of March, 1896, for 


a Return shewing the cost of the machinery, the cost of repairing 
and maintaining the same in order, and the cost of raw material 
used in connection with the manufacture of binder twine in the 
Central Prison, giving the aggregate amounts for each year from 
the beginning of the said industry to date ; the amounts annually 
paid as commissions for the sale of the product; the cost of 
packages, freight, salaries of extra officials and all other expendi- 
tures incurred in connection with or occasioned by the said manu- 
facture. The annual receipts from sales of binder twine duriny 
the said period, and the estimated value of the machinery, plant, 
material and stock on hand when the said industry was trans- 
ferred to its present managers. Presented to the Legislature 13th 
March, 1896. Mr. Haycock. (Printed.) 


No. 68..)Return to an Order of the House, of the Twenty fifth day of March, 


No. 69.. 


ING. 37.0.2), 


ING aides: 


1895, for a Return shewing the municipal indebtedness of the 
various municipalities of the Province on the 21st December, 1894, 
under the following heads :— 
1. Roads and bridges. 

. Railway bonuses. 
. Aid to manufactures.by way of bonus. 
. Municipal waterworks. 
Waterworks belonging to eampanies. 
Gas and electricity. 
High and Public Schools. 
Sewers. 
. Other purposes. 

10. Also shewing any debenture debt for local improvements, 
not above included. Presented to the Legislature 23rd March, 
1896. Mr. Gibson (Huron. (Printed.) 


COOMA OB WN 


Return to an Order of the House, of the Fourth day of March, 1896, for ® 


a Return of copies of all correspondence, documents and writings 
between any Member of the Government, or between any person 
or persons and the Government, in connection with the recent 
charges made by James Massie, late Warden of the Central Prison, 
against certain of the officials of the Prison. Also, for copies of 
the Commission, or other appointment, and the instructions given 
to the Commissioners who investigated the charges. Also, for a 
copy of all evidence taken before the Commissioners at the inves- 
tigation, and of the report made thereon by the Commissioners. 
Presented to the Legislature 23rd March, 1896. Mr. Mater. 
(Not printed.) 


Return to an Order of the House, of the Twenty-sixth day of February, 


1896,for a Return of copies of all correspondence between any oficial 
of the Corporation of the City of Hamilton and the Department of 
Crown Lands, or any officer thereof, relating to any question 
affecting the rights of the City of Hamilton, or any person or 
persons, to certain portions of Burlington Beach ; also, for a copy 
of any instructions given to 8. H. Jones, Esquire, P.L.S., as to 
defining the limits of any holding either leased to the City of 
Hamilton, or sold to any individual occupant ; also, for a copy of 
plan of survey made by Mr. Jones; also, for a copy of the original, 
as well as the subsidiary lease, granted to the City of Hamilton by 
the Department of Crown Lands. Presented to the Legislature 
24th March, 1896. Mr. Dickenson. (Not printed.) 


Copy of an Order in Council, approved by His Honour the Lieutenant- 


Governor, the 26th day of March, A.D. 1896, approving of the 
accompanying Agreement between the Canada Publishing Com- 
pany (Limited), Publishers, of the City of Toronto, and Her 
Majesty the Queen, represented by the Minister of Education for 
the Province, on behalf of the Educational Department-of Ontario, 
respecting the publication of “The Public School Writing Course, 
Vertical System,” comprising seven separate books, for use in the 
Public Schools of Ontario. Presented to the Legislature 26th 
March, 1596. (Printed.) 


15 


INOS 7 2 


INO: S735 


No. 74. 


NOM TT. . 


Copy of an Order in Council, approved by His Honour the Lieutenant- 


| 


| 


Governor, the 26th day of March, A.D. 1896, approving of the 
accompanying Agreement between The Copp Clark Company 
(Limited), Publishers of the City of Toronto, and Her Majesty the 
Queen, represented by the Minister of Education for the Province, 
on behalf of the Education Department of Ontario, respecting the 
publication of “The High School Physical Science, Part 2.” Pre- 
sented to the Legislature 26th March, 1896.  ( Printed.) 


Copy of an Order in Council, approved by His Honour the Lieutenant- 


| 


| 
| 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


Governor, the 26th day of March, A.D. 1896, approving of the 
accompanying Agreement between The Copp, Clark Company 
(Limited), The Canada Publishing Company (Limited) and The W. 
J. Gage Company (Limited), Publishers, of the City of Toronto, 
and Her Majesty the Queen, represented by the Minister of Edu- 
cation for the Province, on behalf of the Education Department 
of Ontario, respecting the publication of Public School Readers, 
consisting of :—The First Reader, Parts 1 and 2; the Second 
Reader; the Third Reader; the Fourth Reader and the High 
School Reader. Presented to the Legislature 26th March, 1896. 
(Printed.) 


.|Return to an Order of the House of the Sixth day of March, 1896, for 


a Return of Copies of all agreements entered into between the 
Government and Hazelwood & Whalen, and the Government and 
G. P. Cleaner, James Whalen and others, respecting the cutting of 
pulp wood, or other timber, in the territory north of Lake Superior, 
together with copies of all correspondence in connection with the 
same. Presented to the Legislature 26th March, 1896. Mr. 
Matheson. (Not printed.) 


A Return to an Order of the House of the First day of April, 1895, for a 


Return of copies of all advertisements calling for applications for 
professorships, associate professorships and “lectureships in the 
University of Toronto and University College since the University 
Federation Act went into force ; also, copies of all applications for 
such advertised positions and of the testimonials in support thereof 
and in the possession of any Department of the Government; also, 
copies of all correspondence relating to such vacancies between the 
Government and any person holding official positions in connection 
with the management of either of the above institutions. Pre- 
sented to the Legislature 30th March, 1896. Mr. Howland. (Not 
printed.) 


.|Return to an Order of the House of the Eleventh day of March, 1896, 


for a Return shewing the amounts paid to Warwick Bros. & Rutter 
for printing and binding for the years 1894 and 1895, respectively, 
in terms of the agreement of 1893. Presented to the Legislature 
30th March, 1896. Mr. Meacham. (Not prvnted.) 


Report of the Secretary and Registrar of the Province for the year 


1895. Presented to the Legislature 31st March, 1896. (Printed.) 


16 


No. 78..|Report of the Librarian upon the state of the Library. Presented to 
the Legislature 1st April, 1896. (Printed.) 


No. 79..{Papers relating to the application of the Senate of the University of 
Toronto to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge for the 
crant of special affiliation privileges. Presented to the. Legislature 
7th April, 1896. (Printed.) 


No 80..|Return to an Order of the House of the Sixteenth day of March, 1896, 
for a Return shewing how many of the children in each City and 
County, who passed the leaving examination in 1895, are now 
attending the High Schools. Presented to the Legislature 7th 
April, 1896. Mr. Meacham. (Not printed.) 


No. 81..{Return to an Order of the House of the Twenty-fifth day of March, 
1896, for a Return of copies of all applications and correspondence 
in favour of and relating to the appointment of William Mur- 
dock as Farmer, or Assistant Farmer, at the London Asylum. 
Presented to the Legislature 7th April, 1896. Mr. Whitney. 
(Not printed.) 


Moe he Oe ee a 


FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE 


PROVINCIAL BOARD OF HEALTH 


OF ONTARIO, 


BEING SE OR <TH Eo Y BAR 


1395. 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. 


TORONTO: 
WARWICK BRO’S & RUTTER, PRINTERS, Erc., 68 anv 70 FRONT ST. WEST. 
1896. 


MEMBERS 


OF THE 


PROVINCIAL BOARD OF HEALTH. 


PeATRMAN —oy 1). Macdonald: MoD ciie fore ce ee eee ee Hamilton. 
SECRETARY Pith Bryce, MAM) Ge ames in seas Se ee LOLOmy a 


CG. Wa Coverntong Ne) its oe eek n back colton eats ten ene ee Toronto. 
J. J. Cassidy, M.D....... RE Rui SMRREN A BMe ae tree HATS Toronto. 
EE Vax MOD anes ees tar en Serco oe, vn Brockville 


HES Kitchen, M-Dite > areca, ao ke euch sae eee eee St. George 


CO Nee N Es. 


PAGES. 

Letter of Transmission to His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor, and Introduction by J. D. Mac- 
donald, M.D. Chairmany siiercae. acs ot nisieek oor eh scold t sielaisicin sols mre spienms rele. nie ss a aaa V.-Vile 

yang Pal 

Annual Report of Secretary— PAGES 
Chapter I. Summary of work of the year, by P. H. Bryce, M-D...... essere eee ee ere eeees 3-7 
nN II. The Action of Light upon Bacteria, by J. J. Mackenzie, B.A.......--++++++eee 8-14 

“ITI, A Review of the Elements entering into some Canadian Climates in Relation to 
Tuberculosis, by P. H. Bryce, M.A., M.D ........00-eeeeeeeee Sea stalerate 15-20 
s IV. Contagious Diseases in Cattle, and Cattle Inspection, by P. H. Bryce, M.D..... 21-31 

PART II. 

PAGES 
Chairman’s Annual Address, by J. D. Macdonald, M.D...........+.-++5 e+: EBS AEE RCE oy ic see, 30-40 
Quarterly Report of the Committee on Epidemics............-++- BEAN tee AG APE hd PN ad et 41-42 
Report of a case of Rabies in Ekfrid Township, by J. J. Mackenzie, BpAge acs woes» Reheat A0-ae 
‘of the Committee on Epidemics on a Home for Consumptives.........+.seeeeeeeereceeeee 45-46 
Interim Report on the Outbreak of Typhoid Fever in Brantford .......0 ..++seeeesee sees eeeerees 47-55 
Report of Committee on Epidemics re Diphtheria in Proton TPOWUSHI Dizes o's) ¥ cta.et a'e.s ee eesansiste eat 55-60 
‘© of Committee on the Proposed Water Supply of Port Hope......-...seseeseeeeeeeeeceeee 60-64 

‘* of Committee on Water Supplies re The Thames as a source of Supply for the City of 
CAG HAI se rie soe ea cl ce wel Ga eeiselhed «5 Weis wiaina V fle otis gaits, pease egies mee eases ae 64-70 
‘on the Proposed Water Supply for the Town of Orangeville..........-.++-+++ oa pac acces 71-72 
“¢ on the Galt Sewerage System ...........-eeeerecceeececees PEEL: APIS ee Rarcmrnte sop ces ee to-s0 
“Report of a Committee on Foods and Drinks re Inspection of Cattle, Meat and Milk..... 75-93 
‘on London Pork Packing Establishment, by P. H. Bryce, M.D.. .-..-...-. La sas faa pees 94-95 

“ on the Selection of a Site for a Cemetery in Markdale, County of Grey, by J. J. 
Cassidy. Mie D ie cme colic takes sisi acs ase vcislee seca ood mels cine cine sats nis sis)e sie\e-n.ri0 sours 96-98 


“of the Committee on Public Water Supplies, on the Windsor Outbreak of Typhoid Fever 
INVL S90", cae et werhale a sies a PAN oe Ck oS ars WoL Gp alate! wie wig worse ensee's SACL Ox 98-111 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


abies Ea HBE 
PAGES. 

Annual Reports of Cities: . . 
Belleville Get dais ne ie ethe Pave Ree tree tetee meee tia a1 stare Whetegoe eth. 6 dais setae aid hare UO 115 
Brantford :. Gris eafivjis seh s Soisine se ois Uh net AME EE Cee ee ene Dee rte 115 
Lamborn yo oo s'oh se avin sc ales th. was cle Arde rae SP ON: eh AEN ana IONE We er ok 121 
PAN SCOM Ee aie a 5 3b teas ain eg Be a 0 oe eee De ce ge a en a 125 
MONON gee oie ie 6 Sk» «odie d eleoin sialciule Calg dig tage IM TTA 2 5 NT a oa te 126 
OU GA Wi Fs nsnin'e to's + Sieten's « wis 0a 0] seg aie v she pute Mtg eM Pe RL, o's wh a s 127 
St Catharines ios. caigs slo aides 14s salSceh ens MeN od SS oso). oat ee ee 133 
St. Thomas......... ai¢ aJe'e a iets io:3 aia’ mi ofoip e's’ pro disin's Ghelae Mile via u's <?alale he nian Meee tC eee 134 
TOTONtO. sea Micea ceeen oe mes Loan ghemane bots So ves umn a hake fA 2 Neate ey te 135 
NVANGBON Sees. cece Tia. si0'alacn. on ‘a\ehelee, ee eapieide's Wieiw.sie swine disc's sive sc tien Camis tie Tie Ce 137 
Annual Reports of Cities arranged to Illustrate Special Conditions.............06 esscece..ecee. 140-143 
Annual Reports of Towns s' o n''s ia o o.0'0e aie es SEGA lelsinin'c ag ete waaleyihe o citatiec COMTI en RN ea 144-167 
Bnraal Report.of Villages: es oo. ays ata sas coos ake Late Ue e et Wa wee ne eee 168-187 
apaual Report ot Townships 3. 1.0 ;«zpm ren nrasesesadesshe canta tterine teen a eae te 188-279 


lV. 


FOURTEENTH ANNUAE REPORT 


OF THE 


PROVINCIAL BOARD OF HEALTH. 


To the Honorable GEORGE AIREY KiRKPATRICK, K.C.M.G., Lieutenant-Governor 
of the Province of Ontaric. 


May 1T PLEASE YouR Honor: 


The Provincial Board of Health begs leave to present its fourteenth annual 
report, and takes pleasure in acquainting your Honor that upon the whole the 
sanitary state of Ontario has been satisfactory, the Board not having to report the 
prevalence, to an extended degree, of any epidemic. Those diseases commonly 
existing in most communities of men have appeared here and there; but the people 
having acquired sanitary knowledge and consequent wisdom, have, under the guid- 
ance of their local authorities, in most instances, succeeded in putting a stop to 
the progress of such infectious maladies as have appeared among them. Chief 
among those diseases has been typhoid fever—chief in prevalence but not in 
fatality. 


It seems becoming that the Board should express to your Honor its satis- 
faction with the readiness of the local authorities throughout the country to 
employ their powers in stopping the advance of contagious disease whenever it 
appears in the midst of their communities, and of the success which in all 
instances have followed their efforts this year, and that the year has been on the 
whole one so favorably marked by the healthfulness of its character. 


Among the subjects which have occupied the attention of the Board may be 
mentioned : 


(1) The report of the committee on epidemics re Homes for consumptives ; 
{2) a report of a committee of the Board on an outbreak of typhoid fever in 
Brantford ; (3) a report of the committee of the Board on Water Supplies, re the 
water supply of Port Hope; (4) a report of the same committee on the investi- 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


gation of the Thames river as a source of water supply for the city of Chatham ; 
(5) a report on the water supply for the town of Orangeville ; (6) a report on the 
Galt sewerage system. 


With respect to “Homes for Consumptives” it has to be said that, while 
this Board is favorable to them, some prominent physicians are not as yet pre- 
pared to fully endorse their necessity, on the ground that consumption being a 
malady of which the causation is now clearly understood and easily obviated, 
there is no good reason for removing the subjects of it from their own homes, 
where by easy management it is quite possible to destroy the agent of its infec- 
tion, and thus preserve the other uninfected members of the family from the 
disease; this preservation being, according to them, the principal object in the 
removal of the consumptive from the private home. It need hardly be repeated 
however, that while the removal of the danger of infection to the healthy would 
be good reason for such Homes, there is, in the opinion of this Board and most 
sanitarians, the still greater reason that until consumptives be placed where their 
exercise, food and habits can be regulated, no great curative effects of climate 
are to be expected. | 


The enquiry into the outbreak of typhoid fever in Brantford resulted in 
the disclosure ot its cause, and in its being shown that it is unsafe in that. 
city to use any water from wells dug within its old limits, and that the public 
supply must be alone trusted for domestic use. 


The yearly introduction of new public water supplies into the towns and 
villages of the Province is becoming noteworthy, and the duty of the Board 
to examine into the sources of supply has added much to its otherwise onerous 
duties. Especially is this true where, as in some instances it has occurred, the 
municipal authorities are inclined to challenge the wisdom of the Board’s sug- 
gestions or the force of its arguments in preserving supplies from the danger of 
sewage pollution. There have been during 1895 several instances, however, 
where the Board’s advice has already borne practical fruit, and where local public 
opinion has justified the action taken by this Board. 


The purification of the water of the Thames river at Chatham, and still 
more, the more perfect plant of the same character for purifying the public 
supply of St. Thomas, are two very satisfactory examples of the successful results 
of artificial filtration ; the water from the not very clear river, passed through 
the artificial filter beds being proved by analysis to be equal in purity to that of 
waters of the first class. 

The water supply of Orangeville, obtained from springs rising from beneath 
gravel beds in the vicinity of the town, is of the highest purity and sufficient 
in quantity, and illustrates another of the several ways by which Nature's 
methods are utilized by the modern sanitary engineer. 


V1. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35. A. 1896 


The Galt sewerage system has been a difficult problem for some time, the 
dwellers farther down the Grand river objecting to its pollution by the outtlow 
from the town of Galt; while the latter were not prepared, on the ground of 
expense, to treat its sewage chemically or otherwise before its flow into the 
stream. The town is now consenting, after an appeal to this Board, by those 
who thought themselves aggrieved, to so treat its sewage as that it will flow into 
the river harmlessly. These have been amongst the special objects of the attention 
of the Board during the year, there having been only one or two appeals to it from 
localities afflicted by diseases other than have been mentioned. In one of these 
localities diphtheria had been allowed to run its course unchecked for some time, 
but the people at last awaking to the danger and taking needful precaution the 
disease was stopped in its course, but not until it resulted in severe losses in a 
few families. 

Upon the whole the Provincial Board of Health is happy in being able to 
congratulate your Honor on the comparative freedom from sickness, and the 
suffering connected with it, which has been enjoyed by Ontario during the year 
which has passed. 

All which is respectfully submitted. 

J. D. MACDONALD, 


Chairman. 


Vil. 


ne 
oe Ein) 
4: 


eens ls 


deeded mga Beall 


GHA PTER. 1. 


REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 


To chronicle the fact that the public health of Ontario has stood high, rela- 
tively, to other years and other countries during 1895, is but saying what has 
come to appear a commonplace, so frequently for several years past has it been 
repeated in so far as the general prevalence of and death rate from diseases taken 
cognizance of by the Public Health Act are concerned. 


The beginning of 1895 saw several outbreaks of smallpox, which proved, 
fortunately, to be of limited extent and duration, like the twenty outbreaks 
from imported cases during the second half of 1894. With the improved situa- 
tion in the administration of public health in Detroit early in 1895, the Pro- 
vince has been saved from any further cases coming directly from that source ; 
although the fact cannot be overlooked that the disease has maintained itself in 
that city for nearly two years, and that the report on the public health for 
Michigan ending with March, 1896, states this disease to be existing in seven 
localities in the State. 


As will be found in the quarterly reports of the committee on epidemics for 
the year, the second semester indicated, so far as the reports received from local 
boards can be taken as an index, that diphtheria, which had been prevalent in 
the similar period of 1894, had notably decreased in its extent of area and 
localized prevalence. 


Outbreaks of scarlatina, some of which became locally quite general, were 
reported, but in most instances the type proved to be mild. The same may be 
said of measles, which is but indifferently reported ; but its general prevalence 
in certain localities has been more than for several years past. 


The prevalence of fevers of the enteric type in several districts, and in those 
towns and villages where no safe public water supply exists, marked the several 
months succeeding the phenomenal drought, which prevailed over nearly the 
whole Province during the first two months of the summer of 1895. 


In a special report on typhoid fever in Brantford, found in Part II., some of 
the principal facts associated with typhoid prevalence will be found. Whatever 
theoretical considerations may suggest with regard to the causation of typhoid 
in relation to the several principal sources of local filth, the fact of its dissemi- 
nation being due directly to drinking water, or indirectly through milk, stands 
out prominently in every study which has been made in recent years, whether 
in America or in Europe. The difficulties with regard to the condemnation of 
any water, such as that of a typhoid well, through the discovery of specitic 
germs of disease by bacteriological examination add an element of difficulty to 
the question ; and health officers are often forced to act on the now well-deter- 
mined lines governing sanitary inspections. Given the presence of recognized 
sources of possible pollution of any public water or of private domestic supply, 
and action for the prompt removal of the cause of pollution continues to prove 


59 Victoria. Sesstonal Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


effective in abating outbreaks of the disease. Thus it can be confidently pre- 
dicted in cases such as that where the epidemic in Brantford was traced directly 
to polluted wells, that to the degree that such are closed, and the unpolluted city 
water utilized, will there be a decrease of fever cases, under conditions such as 
those which prevailed last season. It would seem that in connection with the 
specific germ of enteric fever, the element of external environment has supplied 
factors as yet unexplained and which leave the question of specific causation to 
some extent an open one. Associated with the existing uncertainty in regard to 
the specific germ of typhoid is, however, a growing assurance as to the possibility 
and practicability of restrictive measures for preventing these pollutions of 
waters, invariably associated with the prevalence of enteric fevers. The Provin- 
cial Board of Health may very well be pleased with the situation it finds itself 
in to-day, as compared with even five years ago, in the powers given it for the 
control of public water supplies, and the enforcing of measures to maintain them 
in a state of purity. The previous unsatisfactory condition of the statute, giving 
the Provincial Board power to deal with defective water supplies, or to insure 
the institution of new supplies of known purity, has been removed by the 
amendment made by the Legislature to the Health Act by the Public Health Act 
of 1895.* 


* 3. Section 30 of the said Act (Cap. 205, R. S. O., 1887) is hereby repealed, and the following section 
and sub-sections substituted therefor : 


30.—(1) Wherever the establishment of a public water supply is contemplated by the council of any 
city, town or village, it shall be the duty of the said municipal council to submit to the Provincial Board 
of Health, together with the plans, an analysis of the water from the proposed source or sources of supply, 
and an athdavit stating that the water analyzed is taken from the proposed source, and that the analysis 
submitted to the Board exactly represents the conditions of the sample examined. In case the source of 
any proposed public water supply does not in the opinion of the Provincial Board of Health, meet the sani- 
tary requirements of the municipality, either by reason of the quality of the water, or because the water is 
likely, owing to the situation of the proposed source of supply, to become contaminated, it shall not be 
lawful to establish such waterworks without first obtaining from the Provincial Board of Health a certifi- 
cate signed by the chairman and secretarv, stating that the proposed source is the best practicable, having 
regard to all the circumstances of the case, and that all proper measures have been taken to maintain the 
supply in the highest possible and practicable state of purity. 


(2) Whenever the construction of a common sewer or of a system of public sewerage is contemplated 
by the council of any city, town or village, it shall be the duty of the said council to place itself in com- 
munication with the Provincial Board of Health, and to submit to the Board, before their adoption, all 
plans in connection with said sewer or sewerage system. It shall be the duty of the Provincial Board of 
Health to enquire and report upon said sewer or system of sewerage, as to whether such is calculated to 
meet the sanitary requirements of the inhabitants of the said municipality, and as to whether such sewer 
or system of sewerage is likely to prove prejudicial to the health of the inhabitants of the said municipality 
or of any other municipality liable to be affected thereby. 


(3) The Provincial Board of Health may make any suggestions or amendments concerning the plans 
submitted, or may impose any conditions with regard to the construction of such sewer or system of sewer- 
age, or the disposal of sewerage therefrom, as it may deem necessary or advisable in the public interests ; 
and the construction of any common sewer or system of sewerage shall not be proceeded with without 
being reported upon and approved of by said Provincial Board of Health, and no change in the construc- 
tion thereof, or in the disposal of sewerage therefrom, liable to injuriously affect the public health shall be 
made without previous submission to and approval of said Board. 


(4) The decision or 1eport of the Provincial Board of Health with regard to any system of water supply 
or any common sewer or public system of sewerage, or the disposal of sewage therefrom, shall be subject to 
appeal to the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, such appeal to be made within one month after the filing of 
the report or decision in the office of the minister of the department to which the Provincial Board of 
Health is attached ; and such decision or report, when not so appealed against, or when confirmed or 
amended and confirmed upon appeal by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, shall be binding and conclu- 
sive upon all the municipalities and persons affected by the same; provided always that whenever it shall 
appear that any change of circumstances or conditions has arisen the Provincial Board of Health may, if it 
deem it advisable, make further enquiry and report as to any system of water supply or common sewer or 
system of sewerage, or the disposal of sewage, which report shall be subject to appeal as aforesaid, and 
have the same force and affect as aforesaid. 


(5) The said Board may from time to time modify or alter the terms and conditions as to the disposal 
of sewage imposed by any award authorizing any system of sewerage or the extension of a sewer, and their 
report or decision shall be subject to appeal as aforesaid and have the same force and affect as aforesaid. 
But this shall not entitle the Board to modify or alter the terms and conditions of a certain award dated 
the 5th day of March, 1895, made by Judge Ketchum, in the matter of reference between the corporation 
of the town of Peterborough and the corporation of the township of North Monaghan, until after the expira- 
tion of the five years therein mentioned, but this provision as to the said award is only to apply in case 
the award is held by the courts to bein point of law a valid award. ) 


4 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Action under these new powers has already in several instances resulted most 
beneficially ; and it is to be noted with satisfaction that towns are becoming not 
only most anxious to maintain their own supplies in a state of purity, but are 
also accepting the position that they must so deal with their own sewage as not 
to make it a source of danger to other communities. In fact the recognition of 
the rights of suburban municipalities is being forced upon our towns and cities 
by the growing knowledge and appreciation of possible dangers on the part of 
even rural communities. As yet, doubtless, the fear conjured up is oftentimes 
more imaginary than real; but if the fear of the rural dweller of pollution from 
external sources serves to make him apprehensive of the dangers near at home, 
we may well be pleased to know that the science of cleanliness is making head- 
way on the farm as well as in urban municipalities. 


The occurrences of the past year in connection with the pollution of inter- 
national streams have still further brought into prominence the question of the 
disposal of town and city wastes, and have forced the necessity for conjoint 
action on the attention of your Board, which, through its secretary, presented 
the matter before the American Public Health Association at its Denver meeting 
last year. A special committee on the subject was appointed with your secre- 
tary as chairman, and it is hoped that the matter may soon be brought within 
the range of practical action. 


As illustrative both of existing dangers and the certainty that they will 
become greater, there could not be a better example than that given in the 
report of the committee on epidemics, found-in Part II. on the epidemic of 
typhoid in Windsor. The presence of the large city of Detroit on the American 
side of the Detroit river made it natural that the early settlements on this 
ancient highway to the Upper Lakes should develop from hamlets into towns ; 
and so there are, on the Canadian side, within a distance of four miles three 
distinct and separate urban municipalities with separate governments and imag- 
inary separate interests. 


Walkerville, at the head of the river, has the accidental advantage of having 
no town above it, and so can have pure water and be oblivious to the dangers which 
may arise from its sewage poured into the river within a mile of the intake of the 
public water supply, common to the two lower towns of Windsor and Sandwich. 
In such instances there can be but one conclusion as to the demand for intel- 
ligent co-operation between the several municipalities, and of the wisdom which 
the Legislature has shown in providing means for compelling such action if the 
public interests demand it. 


A similar situation exists on the American side of the Niagara river, where 
Buffalo holds the key to the situation on Lake Erie, and oblivious to others’ needs, 
pours the sewage of 350,000 people, and the refuse from the immense fleet of 
vessels in its harbor directly into the stream, which flows within three hours to 
the intake pipes of the water supplies of at least four other municipalities. 
Indeed the phenomenal industrial development of the district from Lake Hrie to 
the great water power at Niagara Falls is making of the whole district what 
may be considered an almost continuous city. Curiously enough, the health 
authorities of Buffalo have been examining with interest and some alarm the 
water of the Grand River, Canada, which flows into the lake but a short distance 
west of Buffalo, for evidences of sewage contamination. With a danger most 
remote, if existent at all, the fact illustrates how the scripture adage of “ seeing 
the mote in a brother’s eye” while allowing the beam to remain in one’s own, is 
applicable to communities as well as to individuals. 


5 


)9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


The large amount of correspondence during the year from the frontier muni- 
cipalities of Muskoka, Algoma, and Nipissing, especially with regard to outbreaks 
of diphtheria, continues to illustrate the many difficulties incident to sparse set- 
tlement and most limited medical assistance and financial municipal ability. 
The work done by the Provincial Board through the assistance of the police 
magistrates of the unorganized districts, while serving in many cases most useful 
purposes in limiting outbreaks, is necessarily very imperfect and unsatisfactory, 
operating at such a long distance from the seat of operations, and with officers in 
some instances one hundred miles apart. The fact that there are some 100 
school sections in the unorganized districts illustrates the existence of numerous 
small settlements, while it indicates the presence of an organization already in 
existence, easily made use of by a slight amendment to the Public Health Act, 
which would be productive of most excellent practical results. 


The amendment to section 99 of the Public Health Act, prohibiting the feed- 
ing of offal in a raw state to hogs, has proved one step in advance in the diffi- 
cult task of bringing the numerous slaughterhouses in every district within the 
control of sanitary regulations. There is, as has been repeated before, no such 
common cause of local nuisance, and probably no more frequent cause for the 
spread of disease than the presence of such filthy establishments and the putre- 
faction of food materials which are prepared therein. The essential evil lies in 
the inability of local boards of health, as too often constructed in these village 
communities, to comprehend the effects of the evil or to suggest adequate local 
means for its remedy. Often influential residents, the slaughterers too often, 
have premises centrally situated with wretched buildings badly equipped for the 
purpose, and with poor water supply and no facilities for washing the floor or for 
the disposal of the waste except by throwing it on the ground. 


The numerous reports from widely separated districts of contagious disease 
in animals intended for human food, and the positive fear which here and there 
has been created by irresponsible persons selling, locally, diseased animals is creat- 
ing a state of affairs, not only demanding a remedy, but forcing the attention of 
the public to the only method whereby an adequate and permanent remedy can 
be applied. This must be found in the inspection by all incorporated municipali- 
ties of their public meat and milk supplies. This subject will be found treated 
of further in chapter IV. of this report. 


The past year has witnessed gratifying progress in the propaganda, which the 
Board has for the last five years instituted in the education of the public and of 
the authorities in the national importance of the question of instituting systematic 
efforts to deal with tuberculosis, whether in man or animals ; and to this end the 
establishment of “Homes for Consumptives” has been persistently recom- 
mended. Through the efforts which several philanthropic gentlemen have made, 
seconded by provincial medical practitioners, a site for a Consumptive Sana- 
torium has been selected near Gravenhurst in Muskoka, and a strong association 
. organized to put it into practical operation. The town has granted a bonus to 
the scheme, conditionally upon its being conducted under regulations satisfactory 
to the Provincial Board of Health, and it is hoped that the Sanatorium, when 
once opened, will be conducted along such lines as will make. it possible for your 
Board to extend its usefulness by bringing it into touch with the local boards 
and hospital boards in all the larger municipal centres of the Province. 


This brief summary of the work of the year sufficiently indicates the scope 
of the problem and the extent of the tasks which your Board has had laid upon it. 


It might have been natural to assume that the Board, during the fourteen 
years of its existence, would have been able to so grapple with the foregoing and 


i. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


other similar problems that comparatively little more than the continuance of 
routine work would henceforth be necessary. But experience goes to show that 
a very large proportion of the work of past years has been but the muster of pro- 
spective warriors and the organization of battalions and their education in arms. 
The casus belli is now well-defined and clearly set forth. We see the righteous- 
ness of the cause, while the people’s enemies are definitely recognized. Improved 
weapons are daily being forged; and the marshalling of men for the attack is being 
carried on under the most modern methods of scientific warfare against disease. 
One need and this of the greatest importance must yet be supplied. The army 
chest, if not lacking is still most inadequately supplied. The department of the com- 
missariat has in many instances been quite forgotten or in most instances hardly 
been organized. In Ontario, and equally so in most parts of America, the army 
in the field is loyal and enthusiastic tg a phenomenal degree; but it is being 
starved. How long the blood will continue to flow warm in the veins of soldiers 
who, to use the words of another, are expected “ to grow fat on the east wind,” is 
a problem which may readily be determined by the physiologist; but it would 
seem that the municipal legislator too often deems himself the only trained 
manipulator of the haematometer. Of the experience of this Province as to what 
it has gained of health, of happiness and of freedom from epidemic disease during 
the past fifteen years, even the most skeptical cannot fail to speak ; while to those 
who care to examine the collated statistics, whether of diseases or of deaths, an 
economic lesson will be taught of the most important kind as regards the increase 
of wealth through the avoidance of personal sickness and the loss of the results 
of productive labor. 


With, however, the increasing recognition of the public health department 
as a necessary part of state or municipal medicine, with the objects for which it 
is organized more clearly defined, with its officers specially selected and trained to 
the service, it may perhaps be legitimately expected that a corps of officers of 
health spread over the whole Province will gradually make their services and 
their influence so felt that the money grants for carrying on good work and for fair 
remuneration to the workers will be voted, if not with alacrity at any rate with 
a consciousness that ample return will be made for the outlay. 


CHAPTER II. 
THE ACTION OF LIGHT UPON BACTERIA.* 


It is a curious fact that in the history of every department of. science we 
have examples of observers overlooking some simple near at hand point, the dis- 


covery of which at a later date explains many apparent discrepancies, necessitates 


new interpretations and perhaps alters profoundly subsequent work. 


One example of this we see in the action of light upon bacteria and other 
organisms, the tremendous significance of which has been but recently recognized. 
Although the hygienic importance of sunlight was early insisted on, as a result 
of the study of epidemic diseases, when the bacteria were discovered, the compara- 
tively logical investigation, viz., the action of light upon these organisms was to 
a very large extent neglected. 


This line of investigation was not, however entirely neglected, a few isolated 
observers followed it up to a certain extent, but whether it was that they did not 
present their results in the proper manner, or that their work was overlooked on 
account of more startling and more interesting discoveries, the fact remains that 
with the publication of papers upon the subject in 1892 by Buchner, of Munich, 
and Marshall Ward, of London, the matter came almost as a surprise to bacteri- 
ologists. The result is that now that we do recognize this light action, we must 
look with caution on a good deal of earlier work, especially upon the virulence or 
viability of many disease germs. One evidence of the changed views upon the sub- 
ject is seen in the way in which pure cultures are preserved in laboratories now, 
as compared with a few years ago. At present if a culture is required to be pre- 
served in as normal a state as possible it is placed in a dark ice chest; formerly 
they were left exposed to the bright light of a laboratory. 


Looking back at the history of the subject we find that the first paper upon 
the effects of light upon bacteria was one published in 1877 by Downes and 
Blunt in the proceedings of the Royal Society. They showed that diffused day- 
light had a retarding influence upon the putrefaction of organic infusions and 
that direct sunlight, absolutely inhibited putrefaction. These observers of course 
worked before the days of pure cultures, with mixtures of many species of bac- 
teria in animal and vegetable infusions, and it was natural that their results should 
not have been so sharply defined as those of later workers with newer methods. 
Their work, however, formed the starting point of all the later researches. Iso- 
lated investigations were made in ensuing years, some of them of very great 
merit, but as I remarked above they did not seem to carry weight, and not until 
1892 was the attention of bacteriologists generally turned to the subject. 


This was due to the publication almost simultaneously, by Buchner, of 
Munich, and Marshall Ward, of London, of a series of researches, in which prac- 
tically the same methods were adopted. The latter’s attention was called to the 
subject by noticing that in plate cultures of bacteria, with which he was working, 
some of the colonies seemed to develop weakly and the suspicion pointed to the 
action of light in retarding the growth. To test this he infected plates of jelly 
with anthrax bacilli and their spores, and exposed them to direct sunlight or to 
diffuse light under screens of black paper in which were cut stencilled letters or 


*Being substance of a paper read before the Canadian Institute by J. J. Mackenzie, B.A., of the 
Provincial Board of Health. 


a a ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


figures. In this way the light only fell on the infected jelly underneath the sten- 
cils. After exposure for a varying period, the plate was placed in a temperature 
favorable for growth, and at the end of forty-eight hours the jelly was seen to 
be cloudy with multitudes of colonies everywhere except where the light had 
acted, there the jelly was sterile. The plate when fully grown resembled in fact 
a photographic positive which had been exposed under a negative. Indeed one 
ingenious person in some experiments of this kind substituted a photographic 
negative for the stencilled paper with the result of a positive of the picture in 
bacterial colonies, the shadow being clearly jelly, the high lights cloudy with 
closely grown colonies. 


Buchner’s observations and methods were practically the same as the above 
with the exception that instead of Bacillus anthracis, he used the typhoid 
bacillus, and one or two other forms. 


These experiments were, of course, open to the objection that although the 
sunlight undoubtedly stopped growth, it did not actually kill the cells. This 
objection was at once answered by cutting out small fragments of the isolated 
jelly and mixing it with fresh jelly and beef broth, the result being not the 
slightest evidence of growth, showing that the cells were actually killed. 


These simple experiments have been amply confirmed by subsequent observers 
and the additional fact has been noted that bacteria are not all equally sensitive 
to light. 


As the result of a number of experiments made by different observers in 
Europe, one may conclude that in plate cultures an hour and a half’s exposure to 
direct sunlight will kill most bacteria, that five hour’s exposure to diffuse light 
will have the same effect and that twelve hour’s exposure to an electric light of 
900 candle power will have an equal result. In the action of sunlight, the state 
of the atmosphere plays a very important part, the slightest haziness retarding the 
action materially. This is shown very markedly by a comparison of Marshall 
Ward’s results with those obtained in Germany, the smoky atmosphere of London 
rendering a longer exposure necessary in order to destroy the germs. The time 
of the year is also important, but Dieudonne of Berlin found, curiously enough, 
that strong March sunlight was as germicidal as that of July or August. 


Long before the actual death of the cells, however, the light has begun to 
have an eftect upon their metabolism. If cultures were taken of such a form as 
Bacillus prodigiosus, a germ which causes a liquefaction of gelatine, and produces 
a blood red culor; half an hour’s exposure of suck a plate to direct sunlight, 
produces colonies with a distinct loss of power to liquify the jelly and with a 
total loss of color production. 


The isolated bacteria had to be cultivated in fresh jelly for some little time 
before they regained their normal character. This shows very distinctly that 
the light is injurious not only to the bacteria actually exposed, but that the 
injurious effect is transmitted to their descendants for a number of generations. 
The possibility of this is no doubt due to the asexual character of the repro- 
duction in these organisms, as naturally a bacterial cell would have to divide 
(i.e, reproduce) many times before it finally got rid of the injurious metabolic 
products of light action, 


Not only in culture media in the laboratory, has light been found to have 
a germicidal action, but also in water the same effect has been noticed. Buchner . 
found that a sample of water containing 1,000,000 germs of B. colv per c.c. was 
sterile after one hour’s exposure to direct sunlight. He further found that the 
solar action penetrated for some depth into clear water, for instance, exposure to 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


sunlight of one of the plate cultures described above for four and a half hours, 
at a depth of about eight feet, caused the death of the bacteria. Beyond that 
depth, however, the action became rapidly weaker. 


Even in the air when the bacteria or their spores are quite dry, the sunlight 
has a very considerable germicidal action ; this fact has been beautifully shown 
by some experiments of Marshall Ward’s made in order to determine whether 
the change was in the bacterial cell or in the culture medium. Anthrax spores 
were allowed to dry upon the bottom of a plate glass plate and then were 
exposed under stencilled black paper, as in the other experiments, after exposure 
for a long time they were covered with a thin plate of sterile agar jelly, with 
the result that the spores that had been insolated did not grow, whilst those which 
had been protected from the light infected the jelly and grew; while the reverse 
experiments in which the spores were preserved in the dark, whilst the jelly 
plate was exposed, showed that the sunlight had no appreciable effect upon the 
jelly, the bacteria growing well in all parts of it. This experiment proves very 
conclusively the change, whatever it may be, takes place in the bacterial cell, 
not in the medium in which the bacteria are living. 


In all these cases, however, it was found that a necessary condition of light 
action upon bacteria, was the presence of oxygen. 


Anthrax spores in water are rapidly killed, but if the air over the water is 
exhausted, or replaced by hydrogen, they are not killed. This has been confirmed 
by many different observers: a sine qua non for the germicidal action of light 
seems to be the presence of oxygen. 


All these researches, of course, were at once open to the objection that the 
destructive action was due, not to the light but to the heat, and these objections 
have been answered by different men in different ways, such as by the use of the 
control plates with thermometers or by the absorption of heat rays by alum solu- 
tion, etc., etc., but always with the same result, the heat had nothing to do with it. 


After settling this point, the question naturally arose, what particular rays 
of light were germicidal and what were not ? 


This question was answered by many observers by using color screens to 
interpose between the light and the bacteria. It was shown that screens which 
absorbed the bluc, violet and ultra-violet rays of the spectrum had the same 
effect as black paper, no germicidal influence passed through. On the other 
hand, screens which transmitted these rays did not retard the death of the cells; 
under such screens, especially if quartz was substituted for glass, death took 
place as rapidly as in direct sunlight. 


Perhaps the most beautiful demonstration of this fact is given by Marshall 
Ward in one of his communications to the Royal Society. A plate infected with 
anthrax spores was exposed to the spectrum of the sun or of a powerful are 
light. Broadly speaking, the effect of the light became visible first at the green 
end of the blue and increased in amount until, in the blue violet and violet, it 
reached its maximum intensity, but it extended quite far out beyond the limits 
of the visible spectrum, showing the action of the ultra-violet rays. 


From all these researches it will be seen that the sunlight is, perhaps, one 
of the most important hygienic agencies in the destruction of bacterial life. In 
the self-purification of streams, perhaps we find it assisting most materially. A 
series of investigation made under Buchner, would tend to show that there is 
even a diurnal variation in the bacterial contents of rivers and lakes, the day- 
light gradually kllling off the bacteria, so that they become less numerous as the 


10 


59 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


day passes, but as soon as night sets in they begin again to increase, reaching a 
maximum a short time before day breaks. The following are some observations 
upon the River Isar: 


ore Omagh: in go ereureenemin acai eds een a 160 per c.c. 
A, COTE > ORBAN EDA ys Aa a Op i Hits 

DE PEPE US ac oe if Rtas Reema ard oy Ona 

12 fas Poy erebeleee eM eMart 2s B08 aha Weeks Ue 
Ne OPP BREE ki hee ara ea mart Siehe eG aay 
EN MAUR Raha AEP ORS Dish iierer ee Ran th 460 “ 
Bet Oey ah Rae see ace A, Ca BAO 
RAL UR ELS § sinh hs whats OR iN aa igh ce ie oA d lt 
id Ba ee cle oOo iad OE Aad ela im hee 2008 ui! 


This is, however, only an isolated example, and the subject would require 
much more extensive working over before one could accept as startling a varia- 
tion in numbers as between 520 and 5 as due to sunlight alone. It must be 
admitted, however, that bright sunlight on a summer day must mean an 
enormous destruction of bacterial life in a lake or river. 


The action of suniight, doubtless, also expiains why surface waters con- 
stantly have more bacteria in them in winter than in summer, although the con- 
ditions of temperature are so much less favorable to bacterial growth. 


Aside from the actual destruction, we see in cultures from streams in the 
summer, qualitative differences as compared with cultures from the same streams 
in winter, and this qualitative difference is undoubtedly due in part to the action 
of light injuring the germs to such an extent that they do not grow characteristic- 
ally in the gelatine plates. 


Another very important condition must play a part in the destruc- 
tion of bacterial light by sunlight. This is the power of independent 
‘motion which many have, and their need for oxygen. The oxygen diffuses 
downwards into the water with comparative slowness, and motile bacteria 
which are aerobic (7. e. require oxygen for growth), will move upwards 
to the region of most favorable oxygen tension in the water. This 
necessarily exposes a greater number to the action of the light than would 
occur if they were evenly distributed, or if they tended to drop to the bottom as 
the non-motile forms do. It must not be forgotten, however, that there is a 
very great difference between the intensity of action of direct sunlight and diffuse 
light, and consequently the comparative clearness of the water plays a very 
important part in determining the life of germs suspended in it. While light 
will have an actual germicidal effect upon bacteria three or four feet down in 
clear water, in muddy water its effect is comparatively superticial. 


But in the air about us, the germicidal effects of sunlight are seen and 
undoubtedly play a part in the limiting of infectious diseases which recently 
would hardly be believed possible. The bacillus of tuberculosis when exposed to 
sunlight in the dry state is killed as quickly as any other forms, and even before © 
it is killed its power to harm, 7. ¢., its virulence is very materially decreased ; the 
same is true for the bacteria of diphtheria, cholera, typhoid and all the other patho- 
genic bacteria. In regard to tuberculosis, I have no doubt that the action of light 
in destroying and weakening the germs, has perhaps as much to do in explaining 
why more of us do not contract the disease as any other factor. For when we 
think of the number of cases in such a city as Toronto, in which absolutely no 
care is taken about the disinfection of the sputum, and remember that a large 


11 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


percentage of this sputum, laden with millions of the germs of the disease, finds 
lodgement upon our pavements to be converted into dust, we can easily realize 
the chances of infection if there was not present some such natural agency as 
sunlight to weaken or destroy the germ. It must be remembered here again, 
however, that in air, the light has not a free scope to carry on its destructive 
work, that every germ which is covered with an envelope of dirt, is protected by 
a light screen, that in a layer of mud or filth, such as lodges on our cedar block 
pavements, the light acts in a purely ‘superficial manner, and that dark and 
narrow alleys such as are found in the cities of the old world protect myriads of 
bacteria from destruction by light. 


It is a curious biological point that one can recognize a plate culture from 
air, at once, by the characters of the bacteria which are found in it. 
What might be called a typical air plate will show the presence of germs 
which grow very slowly and have a very slight power of liquefying the gelatine, 
but especially it will show the presence of a large number of forms which are so- 
called chromogenic forms, mostly yellow, orange and pink, all colors which 
naturally protect the protoplasm of the cell from the effects of the actinic rays. 


Accepting then the action of sunlight upon bacterial life, the question arises 
how does it act; is it due to the formation of some substance in the medium in 
which the germ lives, which is germicidal, or is it due to an action within the 
germ itself ? 


A number of experiments tend at first sight to show that the first view is 
the correct one, these are as follows:—Some observers have found that some 
media are distinctly less favorable for the nutrition of bacteria after being 
exposed to sunlight than before. This is certainly true, but death from insolation 
may occur in media in which it has been impossible to show such a change, whilst 
direct experiment shows that air dried spores are destroyed by sunlight. Marshall 
Ward’s observations on anthrax spores are especially interesting here: as I 


explained above, exposure of the dried spores under the stencilled paper showed — 


distruction in the lighted area, whilst insolation of the medium with protection of 
the spores showed no destruction. But numerous observers have shown that 
sunlight acting upon moist substances of all kinds, gives rise to peroxide of 
hydrogen. This has been shown for practically all the culture media used in the 
experiments. Peroxide of hydrogen is an active germicide, and if a sufficient 
quantity were present, would explain sufficiently the germicidal action of the 


light. This, unfortunately, would not explain the action in the case of the dried 


spores, unless we accept the formation of this substance in the interior of the 
spores. At the same time, it is not found in culture media in sufficiently large 
quantities to account for the exceedingly rapid death due to direct sunlight, such, 
for instance, as the destruction of the typhoid bacillus in an hour and a half. It 
has been shown that a solution of peroxide of hydrogen of a strength of 1 to 
20,000 only prevents the development of bacilli but does not kill them, and in 
order to kill many of the bacteria of the mouth, Miller found that a ten per 
cent. solution was necessary, acting for from ten to fifteen minutes. 


It seems to me more probable that although the formation of peroxide of 
hydrogen must have an injurious effect, it is really only one of the accompanying 
phenomena of the germicidal light action. There are, apparently, no other sub- 
stances formed in culture media by insolation which will explain the germicidal 
action, so that we are compelled to look to the action of light upon the cells 
themselves. 


12 


. 4 
SO. eee Or ——— 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


The destruction of dried spores by direct sunlight is very good evidence that 
the injurious substances are in the cells, but there are other reasons. The fact 
which 1 referred to above, is perhaps one of the best, viz., if the light is of a low 
intensity, or acts only for a short time in forms such as Bacillus prodigvosus, its 
effect is seen long after the germs are removed from the action of the medium 
in which insolation occurred. The cell is constitutionally affected so that for 
many generations its decendants cannot produce the necessary ferments which 
enable them to liquify the gelatine nor produce the color which is so characteristic 
of the germ. 


Marshall Ward has brought this out very clearly in a recent communication 
of his to the Royal Society in some biological studies upon Bacallus ramosus, a 
common water germ, a culture of which is shown in this plate, These researches 
have a very great biological interest apart from the subject of light action. In 
fact the whole paper is one of the most valuable which has been contributed upon 
the biology of bacteria. 


Throughout the researches which were exceedingly long and tedious, the 
observations were made upon the growing cells under the high powers of the 
microscope, not in mass culture such as are our ordinary methods of investigation. 
The organism was followed from the germination of the spore, throughout its 
life, until spores were tormed again and the effects of various conditions, favorable 
or unfavorable, noted by observing the rapidity of germination ; and the rapidity 
or abundance with which spores were formed when nourishment was exhausted. 
The results of observations upon single individuals was of course to show the 
effects of slight unfavorable conditions which would be missed when the 
organism was studied in mass cultures. 


Ward’s conclusions were that the spore was eveu more sensitive to the light 
than the growing bacillus. That the growing bacillus seemed to possess some- 
thing which enabled it to withstand the injurious light action for a certain length 
of time. It seemed also that the growing bacillus could more readily recover 
from the light action than the spore, as the spore when exposed for the same time 
to light, germinated slowly, produced slow-growing cells, and tinally gave rise to 
a smaller crop of spores when growth ceased. 


This showed that the injury was a constitutional one of great importance 
but that the growing bacillus started from a non-lighted spore, in some way, 
overcame the injurious effect. In fact, some observation showed that direct sun- 
light allowed to play upon the growing filament had at first a stimulating effect. 
At first, as a result of insolation, growth rose to an abnormal rate and then ceased 
altogether. Marshall Ward’s theory then, is that the injurious effect of light is 
due to an action upon some substance in the cells of the organism, which is 
destroyed by a process of oxidation, and the greater sensitiveness of the spores 
is due to the large amount of food material stored up of a highly unstable character, 
ready for use as soon as germination begins. This, I think, is the right view, 
although we will have to work out many points before we can explain it all 
clearly. The necessity of the presence of oxygen, points to its being due to an 
oxidation change, and the observations upon the growing filaments which were 
first stimulated to excessive growth, and then killed, are especially interesting as 
bringing the whole question into line with what we know, with regard to higher 
plants, viz., that whenever we find rapid growth or tissue change going on, such 
as the opening of the flower, growth of the leat, etc., we find that there is at the 
same time an increased absorption of oxygen, and excretion of carbon dioxide, 
and in many instances a distinct rise in temperature of the growing organ ; all in 
fact pointing to increased oxidation, 1. e., increased destructive metabolism. 

13 


} 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


If we apply this to the bacteria, we see distructive metabolism in the spore 
means a storing up in it of poisonous metabolic products, which if not too 
numerous, simply clog it as it were, whilst if more numerous actually cause the 
death of the protoplasm. On the other hand in the growing filament, by the 
very fact that it is growing, it is enabled to get rid of these metabolic products 
or in some cases when the light is intense, the intense destructive metabolism 
reacts upon the cell in the production of an abnormally rapid growth, but the 
cell, however, rapidly becoming exhausted dies. 


Extending the biological significance of light to other plants, Ward points 
out a fact which will occur to all of you who have any botanical knowledge as 
broadly correct, viz., that wherever we find a unicellular structure, which contains 
stored food material, and at the same time is apt to be exposed to light, we find 
that it is protected by a light screen. 


For instance grains are almost always yellow or brown in color, the oily 
contents being thus protected by the colored coat from the actinic rays of the 
sun. Amongst agarics, those forms with colorless spores occur mostly in woods, 
whilst those like Coprinus, which have black spores grow right out in the open. 
Many of the moulds have olive green or black spores and so on. In fact it is 
possible that one of the important functions of chlorophyll, is to act as a light 
filter for the unstable compounds present in the plant cell since we have long 
known that it absorbs the whole violet end of the spectrum. 


We see then from the facts which we have placed before you, that as far as 
concerns bacterial life, we have in the sun a very potent factor in its destruc- 
tion, and it is not far to the conclusion that if we wish to rid ourselves of these 
forms of bacteria, which we have to fear, viz., the disease producing ones, one of 
the best methods is to allow all the sunlight possible to enter our homes and our 
streets. ‘These conclusions most of us have reached before we knew anything 
about the action of light upon bacteria, but it is always well to have good 
scientific grounds for our belief. At the same time it is well to remember that 
there are even under the most favorable conditions, obstacles to the penetration 
of light everywhere, and that it should in the case of actually infected surround- 
ings, be depended upon only as an accessory means of disinfection, and that there 
are other ways of destroying bacteria which are entirely under our control and 
consequently certain. 


14 


Paes 


CHAPTER 2EnI, 


A REVIEW OF THE ELEMENTS ENTERING INTO SOME CANADIAN 
LIMATES IN RELATION TO TUBERCULOSIS.* 


Having taken advantage of the opportunity afforded by my attendance at the 
meeting of the American Public Health Association, held in Denver in October 
Jast, I extended my trip westward to San Francisco, and thence returned 
by way of Victoria and the Canadian Pacitie Railway. Having already visited 
most of the so-called health resort districts of the continent, I was anxious to 
compare the high-level districts of our western mountains with these, and to 
collect such data as might seem likely to prove of value in arriving at some com- 
parative estimate of our Canadian climates, with similar districts farther south, 
in relation to their influence on tuberculosis. 


The subject of climate is too extensive to be exhaustively treated even in a 
series of reports, and where so much has been written one is naturally loath 
to express positive opinions with regard to the climate of localities he has visited ; 
so I shall, therefore, limit my remarks to the consideration of some Canadian 
climates, referring to others only incidentally and for purposes of illustration. 


Excluding the moist sea-board districts of Canada, we may conveniently 
divide our climate into that of three more or less distinct districts. 


Ist. That of Ontario and Quebec. 


2nd. That of the great prairies extending in foothills sixty miles beyond 
Calgary to the very base of the Rocky mountains. 


3rd. The Rocky mountain district of high-level climate, including under 
this term, that of the mountain ranges extending westward to the Cascades or 
Coast Range. 


These again may be divided and sub-divided, for the purpose of study, in 
order to obtain as many as possible of the details which would characterize any 
particular climate which we might consider as having positively favorable influ- 
ence upon the treatment of consumption. 


1. Ontario and Quebec climates. These are all to be considered as low 
level climates, the greatest heights being those of the Central Plateau of Ontario ; 
and next to these, the wooded districts of Muskoka and Algoma. Always 
excluding from our consideration the immediate shores of the great lakes, and 
notably those of the lower levels, as of lake Ontario, we tind that the Central 
Plateau of Ontario varies from the Muskoka region in two particulars: (a) The 
denuded character of the surface, it practically having had its forests cleared 
away, and being thus more or less completely exposed to the winds blowing from 
the several great lakes bounding the western peninsula; and (b) In the surface 
characteristics of its soil, which overlies limestone rocks, and is generally of a 
clay loam and graveily loam in character. In Muskoka, on the other hand, we 
have a district still very generally wooded, and having as its surface geology, a 
series of rocky ridges with intervening valleys, formed by the foldings of the 
gneissoid Laurentian rocks. The whole country, where not denuded by clearings 
and by forest fires, is covered with a dense forest of mixed woods, every where 
characterized by much evergreen growth, notably hemlock, balsam and spruce. 
The rock comes everywhere near the surface, much indeed being bare on the 


* Being a report presented to the Provincial Board of Health, by P. H. Bryce, M.D., Secretary. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


hillsides, while the valleys of the streams are generally overlaid with black 
deposits of humus. Everywhere in the valleys are lakes, rivers and creeks. Of 
necessity, the climate must naturally be considered one with much humidity, its 
average rainfall, sunshine, etc., being set forth in the accompanying diagrams. That 
it has hitherto proved a salubrious climate for the settlers there is shown both 
by twenty years of vital statistics and by the generally high reputation it has 
obtained as a summer health resort. That settlers almost wholly engaged in 
outdoor pursuits have always been notably free from consumption, the vice of 
city dwellers, is well known; and hence it does not follow of necessity that the 
Muskoka climate is, per se, specially suited to consumptives. It has, however, I 
believe, certain positive qualities which must place it in a high position in its 
class of low-level climates. 

These are: its natural drainage, which is most admirable; its shallow and 
porous soil, drying quickly ; it rocky surfaces, rapidly warming and tempering, 
along with the warm waters of its innumerable lakes, the cold air of evening ; 
which latter desideratum is still further obtained by its extensive forests, con- 
stantly moderating the effects of radiation by the warmth of the air which sur- 
rounds them, since the sap slowly cools and the ground beneath them radiates its 
heat but slowly; while also the violence of the general movements of winds 
blowing over them from the cold surfaces of our great lakes of the north is 
effectually lessened by these forest areas. 


These climates have comparatively low winter temperatures, winter begin- 
ning commonly in November, and continuing with frozen lakes and deep winter 
snow, thereby creating a dry winter atmosphere, largely free from much that 
makes, notably the southwestern portion of Ontario and the whole central states, 
so damp in the winter. The salubrious influence of dry winter cold, where pro- 
tection from the winds is afforded. is well known. 


2. The climate of the prairies and foothills. Passing westward from the 
forest region of Keewaydin, we soon recognize the positive character of the nine 
hundred miles of largely treeless prairies, extending to the base of the Rockies, 
with a level of from 400 to 5,000 feet above the sea. From examination of the 
weather chart we see that the whole region lies racher to the north of the track 
of the easterly movement of the great storm centres, which are constantly forming 
in the northern Pacific. Like all tne prairie country of the west, the climate 
hus, however, two distinguishing characteristics, viz., much sunshine with great 
heating of the earth’s surface during the day, followed by extremely rapid radia- 
tion of the earth’s heat at night, brought about by the absence of trees and lakes 
and of their accompanying humidity; and by the high winds, the necessary 
sequence of the unbroken surface of the country. As the Rockies are approached 
and the elevation increases, these characters present their extremes. During the 
day, intense insolation from the increasing height and increasing dryness is pre- 
sent; while during the warmer seasons we have as especially characteristic the 
daily high winds, caused by the cold air currents rushing down from the summits 
of the snow-capped mountains to take the place of the ascending currents of air, 
warmed over the rapidly heating surface of the dry plains. Intensity, extremes 
of climatic phenomena, in a word, variability, diurnal rather than seasonal, 1s the 
chief characteristic stamped upon the climate of this immense tract lying 
between the forty-ninth parallel and the wooded belt to the northward. 

3. The Rocky mountain, or high level climates. As we approach the 
mountains we again come into a climate moist enough to supply a forest growth 
well up to the top of the mountains of the highest ranges. The mountain tops 
are clothed, notably in the Selkirks, with eternal snows, while their streams 


16 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). 7 A. 1896 


for the most part finding their outlets, southerly towards the western sea, 
flow through canyons and mountain passes, giving local character by their 
presence to the climate of the different valleys, always changing as they are in 
their levels and exposures to sun and wind. In these valleys are many spots 
sheltered against the prevailing winds, which closely follow the course of the 
deep canyons or river valleys. This immense sea of mountains, exterding to the 
very coast line in British Columbia, has, then, an almost infinite number of 
“local climates,” as may be readily understood when we find that between Van- 
couver on the sea and Kamloops up the valley of the Fraser, we can find two 
climates, one with an annual rainfall of thirty-five inches, and another only two- 
thirds the distance between Toronto and Montreal distant, with an annual rain- 
fall of only eleven inches, and this at a height not more than 1,000 feet above 
sea level. Many equally great differences can doubtless be found at distances 
many miles nearer the coast. 


We have thus inside the mountain wall of the Cascades, or coast range, a 
remarkable phenomenon, viz. narrow river valleys, and rising from them in 
benches, like terraces, hill after hill, absolutely dry and treeiess, brown, except 
for a brief period in the spring, and without vegetation other than the bunch- 
orass, characteristic of the arid foothills to the east of the Rockies. Within less 
than an hour’s ride by horseback, one may rise from 500 to 4,000 feet, and within 
a few moments go from the irrigated bottom lands, with their three and four crops 
of grass, to bare hills, which seemingly are wholly without vegetation. 


It is needless to say that in such a region we have climatic conditions so 
totally different from anything seen in Ontario, that we must fail to adequately 
conceive the character of such a climate, or what would be its probable effect 
upon the progress of consumption. What is quite clear, however, is that within 
200 miles of a sea climate, where it may rain during almost all the winter months, 
with but little positively cold weather, being influenced by the warm westerly 
winds caused by the Kuro-Sivo current, we have a climate at the altitude of Guelph 
which has almost perennial sunshine ; where there is but ten inches of rainfall 
annually, where the soil, speaking generally, is dry to barrenness, where roses 
may bloom in November, and where the elevation being low, the mountains of 
the coast range, while robbing the air of its moisture, are yet not so high as to 
be covered for long periods with snow, as where the height is great, and the cold 
winds blow from the higher mountain peaks to the eastward. 


I have in a broad manner set forth the distinctive characteristics of our 
three great inland areas of climate, and their several differences are at once 
seen. There are, however, included under these broad characters many minor 
ones, which are continually taken into account in the consideration of climates. 
Thus we have, not only wind, but the direction of the prevalent winds, as well 
_as their average velocity. In temperatures we have not only annual maxima 
and minima and their mean, but the monthly mean and the daily mean or range. 
We have, further, the average cloudiness and the number of days of sunshine 
and of rain; and we have the monthly and annual relative humidity, or the per- 
centage of moisture commonly present in the air. 


It therefore becomes manifest that with the variations of the seasons from 
year to year, the climate, even for the same locality, is at the best based upon a 
system of averages and a delicate balancing of the several factors in order to 
arrive at definite conclusions as to what is best suited for certain physiological 
and pathological conditions. Thus we have cold as opposed to heat ; humidity 


2H. 17 


59 Victoria. - SessYonal Papers (No. 35). “A. 1896 


eS WRU ES De aly Been een ee 


as opposed to dryness ; cloud as opposed to sunshine ; high as opposed to low 
levels ; variability as opposed to equability ; plain as opposed to forest areas, and 
the many important elements of soil, drainage, etc. 

After a careful survey of the several elements I am inclined to place the 
factors of climate in relation to the treatment of tuberculosis in the following 
order of importance : 

1st. Dryness of soil and air. ; 

2nd. Ecuability—including daily and also seasonal range. 

3rd. Temperateness—or absence of extremes of daily or seasonal heat or cold. 

These, it will be found, include or cover most, if not all the other factors, 
such as hours of sunshine, character of soil, annual rainfall, daily range, mean 
daily and annual temperatures, direction and velocity of the wind, extreme heat 
and extreme cold, and treeless or forest areas. 

So far then as we are immediately concerned with these factors, we may | 
shortly compare these three main types ot Canadian climate by reference to such 
meteorological data as are available. In the tables and diagrams appended are given 
the data for the several areas, Toronto being taken for comparison. Those that 
are complete and comparable are the mean monthly temperatures, the mean daily 
range, the monthly rainfall in inches and the number of rainy days. It is unfor- 
tunate that the mean relative humidity is not available for the western districts, 
in order that the relation existing between the number of rainy days and the 
total rainfall might have been seen. 

Although a few degrees of either greater or less cold or heat do not appear 
to be material in themselves, yet in relation to humidity and daily range they 
become of much importance. 

Thas we see that Kamloops has a slightly higher temperature than any of 
the four stations. 


Mean annual temperature : 


TOLONTO yates oe Se eee eee a ht 45°.’ F Lat. 432-45” 
Gravenhurst cts ernst bee 41.8 er CaS 

Galoary Mee set ae seer me ai 36.9 AAS Boe 

Kam lOOPsj. we cieken ae ae eae oar 46.3 “« 50°-45” although 


nearly in latitude 51° north, while Toronto is 439-45", 


The mean daily range, while in my opinion a very important factor in esti- 
mating the value of the climate, is not a factor to be estimated apart from the 
temperature and humidity. Thus the high daily range of Calgary throughout the 
year must be considered in connection with its 3,500 feet above sea-level, and with 
its intense sunshine during the day and its great dryness, there being but eleven 
inches of rain and ninety wet daysina year. Such dryness prevents saturation of 
the atmosphere and promotes diathermancy, thereby making rapid radiation of 
heat and fall of temperature a necessary sequence. Opposed to such conditions 
in every particular, we see Toronto with a daily range from thirty-three to fifty 
per cent. lower at 350 feet above sea-level, and a humidity so much more as to 
have annually 200 days of rain and a precipitation of thirty-four inches, which 
serves both to reduce temperature and lessen daily range through the saturation 
of the air at night-fall and the formation of dew. It is interesting at this point 
to note the position of Gravenhurst between these two extremes. With a daily 
range midway between the two, except in February, when it becomes excessive, 
it shows an annual mean temperature only 3.3° lower than Toronto ; and while 
having, owing to its heavy snowfall, rather more of an annual rainfall, has less 


18 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1396 


___—_—_— —_—_ 


than seventy-five per cent. of the number of rainy days seen in Toronto, with no 
more than 500 feet of greater elevation. We see in the latter comparison the 
marked influence of the great body of cold lake water on which Toronto is situated 
in promoting humidity, which, while lower in March than at Gravenhurst, increases 
to one-third more in April, and maintains this position until July, when the creat 
lakes having become warm the autumnal precipitation in both districts moves 
along together. Associated with the chilling influence of our Great Lakes we find 
that, though nearly one and a half degrees farther south, the temperature of 
Toronto is but slightly higher from April to August than that of Gravenhurst, 
where the protective influence of the great forest areas and the rapid heating of 
rock surfaces cause the day temperature to rise rapidly, although not to such a 
degree as to cause an extreme daily range. We thus have in the region represented 
by Gravenhurst an approach in some degree to the standard we have proposed. 


In the general description of the climate of the great inland areas, already 
given, I have pointed out the unusual combination of topographical features, 
which gives us in the district represented by Kamloops, in a latitude almost the 
same as that of Calgary, and at a height above sea-level but 700 feet higher than 
Toronto, a climate with dryness as great as that of Calgary, (there being but 
eleven inches of annual rainfall and but seventy-five days of rain, or but slightly 
more than one-third of the rainy days in Toronto), and with an annual mean tem- 
perature nearly one degree higher than that of Toronto and ten degrees higher 
than the annual mean of Calgary. The existence of such a climate in a latitude 
of 700 miles farther north than Denver (40° N.), having an annual rainfall one- 
third less and an annual mean temperature but three degrees lower than Denver, 
at an elevation not exceeding 1,000 feet, is so remarkable and interesting a fact 
as to demand our earnest attention. From the comparison already given we have 
seen in Toronto and Calgary illustrations of two types of climate the one without 
great extremes, and the other that of the dry, high-level climate, with whatever 
excellencies or defects attach to each. At Kamloops we have a climate partaking 
of some of the qualities of both, and yet being quite distinct from either. With 
an altitude, the same as many points within twenty miles of Toronto, it has a 
rainfall equal only to that of Calgary, of El Paso in Texas, or the city of Mexico, 
With a temperature but slightly colder in January and rising in March to that 
of Colorado Springs, its August mean temperature is just the same as Toronto, 
and is followed by an autumn extending to December with a distinctly higher 
mean temperature. This mean, as might naturally be expected, is obtained with- 
out the great daily range seen at high levels. 


Comparison of Mean Daily Range. 
a as RRO 


| 
—— Augnst. | September.| October. | November. | December. 
Colorado Springs, 6,050 feet .......... 30.0° 28.02 24.5° 28.2° | ea eget pig 
WaleAry,.0,000 feety) 2. 5s od suits c ces 28.9 30.4 27.1 23.7 21.6 
Kamloops, 1,100 feet.................. 29 2 27.29 irae 11.9 | 11.9 


It would thus appear that at the moment when the temperature, declining 
with the advancing year, makes the element of daily range an important factor 
in climate we find the daily range in Kamloops dropping to seventeen degrees, 
and eleven degrees in the cold months, and this with a monthly rainfall not 
averaging half an inch during the last four months of the year. Similarly 
we find in March and onward, with a moderate daily range and great dryness, 
the temperature rising to a monthly mean some ten degrees above that of 


19 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


Toronto. We need not here discuss the causes of these remarkable qualities ; 
but it must be abundantly evident that they supply those conditions in a very 
large degree, which the advocates of equable moist climates without great varia- 
bility demand on the one hand, and which those of dryness, diachermancy, varia- 
bility and stimulation demand on the other. The climate of the basin east of 
the coast range does therefore supply in a notable degree the elements which, as 
already stated, seem to me the most important in. the climatic treatment of con- 
‘sumption, viz., dryness, with brightness of insolation and those positive haema- 
togenic eftects now universally accredited to sunlight ; and equability as illustrated 
by the several examples already given, due especially to the accident of its low 
elevation and to the warm winds robbed of their moisture, which blow over 


the coast range and which doubtless lessen what in so dry an atmosphere would — 


ordinarily result in great radiation at night fall, with an increased daily range. 


That the climate is in the true sense a temperate one, that it is in a remark- 
able degree free from extremes of heat and cold, has been sufficiently illustrated 


‘by comparison with Colorado; but the comparison is most readily understood - 


when we state that the mean annual temperature is two degrees higher than 
the southern highlands of New York and Pennsylvania, five degrees higher than 
that of the Northern Adirondacks, where are some of the most noted sanatoria, 
two degrees colder than Newport, (R. I.), and only thirteen degrees colder than 
Los Angeles, whose monthly mean in January is not lower than fifty-two degrees. 
The latter climate, though having but little rain, had in 1894 forty-five cloudy 
days, 167 partly hidden, and has frequent fogs owing to the influence of the north- 
erly cold currents along the coast. The highest temperature in 1894 was ninety- 
nine degrees, 


From this comparative study it has been made apparent that we have within 
the limits of Canadian territory climates comparable in every way with those of 
the United States, excepting of course those southerly latitudes which, moderate 
in winter, are nevertheless wholly unsuitable as health resorts except during the 
winter season. We have too, as has been fully illustrated, three distinctly different 
types of climates, each of which has some qualities, which experience elsewhere 
has proved to be suitable to some particular person or persons and apparently 
unsuited to others. 


It seems, therefore, that in the progress of the movement, which this Board 
has for years so persistently advocated, for the establishment of homes or sanatoria 
for the proper supervision and treatment of consumptives there can be no good 
reason to doubt, but that, if any such institutions be properly conducted, their loca- 
tion, whether in Muskoka, or Calgary, or Kamloops, will have as happy results from 
the standpoint of cures as any sanatoria situated in similar climates in other 
countries. How great have been their success, we have to-day extended statistics 
to prove. It is to be hoped that inevery Province such action will be encouraged 
by such private benevolence and Governmental assistance as will lead to the estab- 
lishment of sanatoria at several centres in Canada; so that we may from year to 
year be able to establish from comparative statistics the real value of the more 
important elements which go to make up the several types of climate. 

a eae vnc eee ee 


Norer.—As seen in the following diagrams the average mean annual temperatures are as follows : 
Toronto, 45.1° F.; Gravenhurst, 41.8° F.; Calgary, 36.9° F.; and Kamloops, 46.3° F, The mean daily 
ranges of temperature are, Toronto, 15.9° F.; Gravenhurst, 21.3° F.; Calgary, 26.1° F.; and Kamloops, 
99.8° F, The annual rainfalls in inches are, Toronto, 34.04 inches ; Gravenhurst, 36.77 inches; Calgary, 
11.54 inches; and Kamloops, 11.05 inches. 


The total days of rain during the year are, Toronto, 200 days; Gravenhurst, 143 days; Calgary, 90 
days; and Kamloops, 75 days. 


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CHAPTER IV. 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN CATTLE AND CATTLE INSPECTION. 


In the evolution of public health work in America, as on the continent of 
Europe, legislation naturally took cognizance of those diseases, which, appearing 
as pestilences, not only resulted in the destruction of thousands of human lives, 
but also created most serious losses to trade and commerce, paralysing often the 
whole business of such cities and districts as might become subject to their ravages. 
Associated with such legislation, were investigations into the causes of these 
diseases, and in the classical reports of the Local Government Board of England 
we find fully detailed, the results of such enquiries regarding the prevalence of 
cholera and typhus, the types of epidemic diseases. Following closely upon 
the work which resulted in the development of public water supplies and sewer- . 
age systems for cities, and in the opening up of wider streets and the erection of 
model dwellings in the place of the pestiferous closes and old buildings, began 
enquiries by the public health authorities into the causes of diseases, such as 
rinderpest, and foot and mouth disease in England, and of anthrax or charbon 
in the herds of France. Indeed, it was in the latter field, both as regards isolation 
and preventive experimentation, that the most striking results of modern scientific 
investigation have been obtained. Following the lines of investigation begun by 
Chauveau and Davaine,the immortal Pasteur with that insight, which has made his 
work the type of all inductive science, pushed his inquiries into fields ot research, 
as yet untrodden, and gave to the world those methods, which have only needed 
the rays from his lighted torch to enable his followers to peer into the hidden 
recesses of Nature, and thereby reveal to a sceptical world, the wonders of her 
musteria. 


Illustrating this by the one example of anthrax, we have a disease which for 
over two centuries has appeared as an epidemic both in men and animals ir 
Europe; which in A.D. 1617, is said to have caused 60,000 deaths in men in the one 
city of Naples, and which so late as 1864, destroyed in one province of Russia, 
64.000 animals and 525 men; and yet which within a few years thereafter, 
through Pasteur’s studies, has almost disappeared from France, where it had been 


for years the cause of the loss of millions of francs annually. 


As in the case where the epidemics of cholera, typhus and of smallpox, were 
soon followed by the investigation of diseases characterized as endemics, such as 
typhoid and diphtheria, rather than as maladies fulminantes, we find Dr. John 
Simon, in the Public Health Report, England, of 1862, stating, “ Allegations have 
during the last few years been abundantly made, and have with the progress 
of time, become more and more definite, that the flesh of animals slaughtered 
while in a state of disease, and likewise the milk of diseased animals, are exten- 
sively sold for human consumption in the Unite1 Kingdom. And the substance 
of these allegations has been submitted tothe Lords of the Council. In 1862, 
their Lordships ordered an enquiry to be made in this matter, and under their 
directions I requested Mr. John Gamgee, Principal and Professor in the Edinburgh 
New Veterinary College, to report on it. For your Lordship’s purpose it was 
likewise desirable, that enquiry should be made as to the circumstances under 
which the more important diseases of stock prevail in the United Kingdom, and 
particularly into the influence of importation and of home-trade in speading the 
infection of such diseases.” 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


In this enquiry Mr. Gamgee was instructed to visit infected centres in the 
United Kingdom, and also those parts of the continent whence came most of the 
imports. 


Dr. Simon states that the substance of Mr. Gamgee’s report then published, 
was “that disease prevails very extensively in the United Kingdom among horned 
cattle, sheep and swine; that the diseased state of an animal not only dees not 
commonly lead the owner to withhold it from being slaughtered for consumption 
as human food but on the contrary in large classes of cases (especially where the 
disease is of an acute kind) leads him to take immediate measures with a view to 
this application of the diseased animal; and that consequently a very large pro- 
portion (Mr. Gamgee believes as much as a fifth part) of the common meat of the 
country—beef, veal, mutton, lamb and pork—comes from animals which are 
considerably diseased.” 


Mr. Gamgee classified the diseases as, (1) contagious fevers; (2) anthracic 
diseases ; (8) parasitic diseases. In the first were pleuro-pneumonia and foot and 
mouth disease, and in the second, anthrax and black-quarter, and in the third, 
measles and trichina in the pig, and liver-fluke in the sheep. 


Mr. Gamgee is further quoted as stating “that the flesh of all such diseased 
animals is being very largely sold for consumption as food; that carcases, too 
obviously ill-conditioned for exposure in the butcher's shop, are abundantly sent 
to the sausage makers, or sometimes pickled and dried,” “and 
that the principal alternative, on a large scale, to the above described human con- 
sumption of diseased carcases is, that, in connectivn with such slaughtering 
establishments, swine (destined themselves to become presently human food) are 
habitually fed on the offal and scavenage of the shambles, and devour often 
raw, and with other abominable filth, such diseased organs as are below the 
sausage maker’s standard of usefulness.” 


As to the effects of the use of such diseased meats as foods, some remarkable 
instances of fatal results are given by Dr. Simon, and a notable one quoted by 
Mr. Gamgee, where the meat taken from a sick animal treated with tartar emetic, 
caused sickness in 321 persons who ate it, and death in one case. 


Dr. Simon, further with his remarkable insight, speaks of “the question of 
meats being rendered unwholesome by decomposition, and the question of meats 
being rendered unwholesome by disease.” ‘“ Among the cases which I see adduced 
as illustrations of mischief from diseased meat, are some which, for aught that 
appears, may only illustrate the well known fact that even in presumably 
healthy meat, poisonous properties, different from those of common putridity, 
are sometimes developed by decomposition.” 


Mr. Gamgee is finally quoted as stating “that a very large proportion of the 
disease which now habitually prevails amongst live stock in the United Kingdom, 
and which he estimates as proving fatal to stock to the immense pecuniary amount 
of more than six millions sterling, might by proper measures be prevented.” 


These extended extracts have been given as being of special interest in 
illustrating what seems to be the first attempt at an accurate scientific investi- 
gation in England of the diseases of cattle, and, whether viewed from the sanitary 
or economic standpoint, they present a picture than which nothing would seem 
more horrible or gloomy. 


Amongst the most remarkable epidemics amongst cattle in England, was that 
of the Russian cattle plague or rinderpest, or typhus bowm contagiosus, which 


22 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


was introduced into England by Russian cattle in 1864, and within a year, the 
total number of cattle on farms in Britain, where the disease had appeared, was 
159,710, while the total attacked was 73,549 of which 41,491 died. 


The activity of the Cattle Commission stamped out this disease, only after 
frightful losses, by segregation and by destroying all animals which had been 
exposed. It reappeared-to some extentin 1872 ; but with the more chronic diseases 
of pleuro-pneumonia, endemic in most European countries at this time, 
it was not until 1888 that the pleuro-pneumonia Slaughter Order of the 
Privy Council was passed, requiring all cattle being, or having been in the same 
field or other place, or otherwise in contact with the diseased to be slaughterad 
within ten days from the exposure. 


It is very remarkable that in the Public Health Reports of Dr. Simon, of the 
Local Government Board, nothing is said concerning the two diseases of cattle, 
which to-day, whether in England or in America, are attracting in the greatest 
degree the interest of both public health authorities and veterinarians, viz., tuber- 
culosis and actinomycosis. As amongst the diseases of mankind, it seems pro- 
bable that they have been practically disregarded, in the presence of the diseases 
which like rinderpest in cattle or cholera in man, appear in epidemic explosions. 


Hence to-day, as all health authorities have only begun to seriously have 
their attention drawn to prophylaxis, and to measures for restricting the spread of 
contagion in human tuberculosis, so have they only begun to realize that bovine 
tuberculosis and actinomycosis, from their very chronicity possess dangers more 
wide-spread and permanent than many of the more acute diseases. 


The history of veterinary medicine in the United States isof much more recent 
date. We have almost nothing printe/ concerning animal diseases, until after the 
civil war. Massachusetts has a history of existing pleuro-pneumonia in 1859-65, 
but much apathy and indifference resulted regarding it, and owing to ignorance 
the merest spasmodic attempts were made to deal with it. In 18635, however, a 
commission of the Legislature was appointed with powers to deal with it, but 
was largely inoperative, as even some of its members doubted the infectious 
charazter of the disease ; but the disease continuing to spread, the slaughtering 
order was enforced in 1866, and 1,164 cattle were killed by the commission, and 
others by the municipal authorities. The disease in this outbreak had been 
introduced in cattle from Holland. In common with other States, the disease 
re-appeared in 1882 in cattle imported from England, and its reported presence 
in several States resulted in the slaughtering order of the Department of 
Agriculture of Great britain, at the port of entry, which has continued ever 
since. 


In 1879, a cattle commission was appointed to deal with the disease in New 
York State; while in New Jersey in 1881, cattle diseases were placed under the 
charge of the State Board of Health. Then, as in Hurope, this type of pro- 
gressive contagious disease, had been shown to spread only with the movement 
of cattle in transit, and hence until the importation of thoroughbred cattle from 
Europe for breeding purposes began with the rapid settlement of the western 
prairies, and the movement eastward of cattle to the eastern markets, little was 
heard of cattle diseases in the United States. 

The same may be said regarding diseases of swine. The export trade in 
American bacon had become well established, when in 1879, the continental 
countries, which used largely hog products, became frightened at the reported 
presence of trichina spiralis in American bacon, and Italy first, and then afterward 


23 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Mo. 35). A. 1896 


Hungary, Germany and France had, by 1881, prohibited the importation of 
American bacon. While the excitement spread to England, yet, no order of 
exclusion was passed. 


The west had already become a producer and exporter of hog products. In 
1865, the Union stock yards of Chicago were first established, and by 1883, it was 
estimated that there were 11,179,000 cattle in the States and Territo~ies west of the 
Mississippi, with an almost incalculable number of hogs. » The exclusion of these 
hog products from the European market in 1879-1880, and the Slaughter Order in 
1882 for cattle entering the ports of Great Britain, proved almost fatal to the 
export trade of the United States in animal products; but it illustrates how 
utterly inadequate any attempt at State inspection and control of the health of 
_ animals had proved. 


Such then was the situation up to 1881, when the Federal Government began 
its work. It established in that year quarantines at Baltimore, New York, 
Boston, Portland and New Orleans; and while an order was made at the same 
time for a ninety day quarantine against Canadian neat cattle, it was rescinded 
shortly afterwards, since the Canadian quarantine for such cattle from Europe 
was found to be similarly ninety days. In the same year the United States Federal 
Government appointed a committee to study the several phases of the pork indus- 
try ; but up to 1884 had not succeeded in having any of the restrictive measures 
re foreign importations rescinded. It is somewhat curious, as it would seem to have 
its parallel in some recent Canadian reports of cattle inspection, that Commissioner 
Scanlan, of the Washington Bureau of Statistics, in 1884, reported that after 
most careful investigation, he could find no trichina and no hog-cholera in 
American hogs, and that packing establishments used only the most healthy 
animals for packing. 


This state of affairs became intolerable, and the first step towards permanent 
work, was taken when Secretary Folger, of the Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, established the Bureau of Industries by an Act of Congress, dated 
May 29th, 1884, and issued an order August 10th, 1884, requiring all persons 
having Jersey cattle in the United States, not to ship cattle in the meantime 
under a penalty of $100 to $5,000 for violation of the order. Since that period 
the progress of the work of the Bureau and the extension of the co-operation of 
its officers with State authorities has become most noteworthy. The principle 
adopted early was freedom of State action; but when State authority was lax, 
the Bureau would carry on investigations and issue slaughtering orders in cases 
of contagious disease and give the compensation provided for under the State 
laws. Realizing that the meat industry ranks third in importance in the export 
trade of the United States, it was most natural that when fully realized the work 
of protecting and fostering it should be encouraged in every way possible. In 
view of the exclusion and its rigid maintenance on the continent of Kurope 
against the hog-products of the United States, the exports of which had 
realized in 1881, $104,660,000 to all countries, Congress passed an Act providing 
in Regulations, dated March, 3rd, 1891, for a microscopic examination of the 
tissues of hogs at the time of slaughter, in order that certificates that the same 
were free from trichina spiralis might be issued; and also for an inspection of 
all hogs slaughtered for export or for interstate trade. 

This order supplemented one made on October 30th, 1890, for the system- 
atic inspection and marking of all cattle and sheep intended for export. 

Turning to a review of the diseases of cattle in Canada it will be found that 
the Report of the Department of Agriculture established at the time of Con- 
federation, practically makes no mention of agricultural matters, while deal- 

24 


4 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


ing extensively with matters of immigration and quarantine. Reference is 
made, in the report of 1871, to an investigation ordered by the Lieutenant- 
Governor of Ontario, and carried out by Andrew Smith, V.S., of Toronto, 
and Dr. Nicoll, into the reported presence of an “epizooty” amongst stock 
in that Province. The result of the enquiry states that the disease existing 
was of a mild character, and was nothing more than that caused by a species of 
fly prevalent that summer. The “epizooty” existed in Illinois and it was 
supposed that the disease had been imported. The report of 1869 refers to an 
Act passed by the Parliament of Canada for restricting contagious diseases in 
cattle, while the report of 1887 makes mention of the fears of the introduction 
of an epizootic which had been then prevalent in Britain and the Continent, 
causing annual losses of millions of pounds. This refers to pleuro-pneumonia 
already made mention of. 


The cattle quarantine seems to have been established about 1875, since the 
report of 1876 refers to the fears regarding the importation of the epizootic 
then existing in England and on the Continent. The report of 1884 makes men- 
tion of the outbreaks of cases of foot and mouth disease on two vessels importing 
cattle for breeding and refers to the limiting of the disease to the animals of the 
two vessels, although 800 cattle were in the Quebec quarantine at one time, and 
fifty persons were engaged amongst them. It is further mentioned in the report 
of 1'884 that the importation of “neat” cattle into Canada was greatly lessened 
that year, owing to the fear of pleuro-pneumonia then existing in England. 
The report of 1883 states that the export cattle trade has ceased to be an 
experiment, while that of 1884, by Mr. McHKachren, V.S., Chief Inspector, makes 
special mention of the good trade to be seen in stockers, v.e. cattle to finish for 
market on the English pastures. The report of 1884, and several other years, 
refers to a localized epidemic of scab in sheep in the Laprairie district near 
Montreal, and to the Pictou cattle disease, which in 1893 was fully reported upon 
by Prof. Adami, of McGill University. Reference appears in the 1883 report to a 
ship with “Texas Fever” from Canada, being seized in the Mersey, but is 
afterwards released on protest of Sir Charles Tupper. 


We thus see from these reports, that no reference had been made to either ot 
the diseases, tuberculosis or actinomycosis, illustrating, as do the histories of 
cattle diseases, both in Britain and in the United States, the fact that only the 
more rapidly spreading epidemic diseases had been investigated or dealt with. 
To the credit of Canada, it may, however, be asserted that the quarantine for 
imported cattle was ou a systematic footing before the United States took action, 
and that the latter country took up the work of cattle inspection by federal 
legislation only after the export cattle trade made the work a necessity in the 
interests of commerce. Owing to the relatively higher status of Canadian stock 
through the importation of thoroughbred animals for breeding purposes, to their 
inspection on entry, and to the cattle being better cared for, together with a 
healthier climate, we see that Canadian stock, isolated on small farms, and not 
running free in Jarge herds as on the western plains, have hitherto enjoyed a 
reputation for healthiness, which has allowed the expansion of our cattle trade 
to go on, unimpeded by vexatious restrictions at the ports of those countries 
receiving most largely our exports. In the report of 1883, the absolute immunity 
from disease of Canadian cattle is remarked upon as one of the main factors 
in the prosperity of the trade. 


As already seen in the progress of veterinary science in Britain and on the 
Continent, it was natural that as in medicine, attention should begin to be directed 
within the last ten years to those endemic diseases, of a more chronic character, 


25 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


characterized chiefly by mal-nutrition and wasting, and which with the progress of 
biological science came to be suspected, after the discovery of the bacillus of 
tuberculosis by Koch, and its capacity for transmission by inoculation to animals, 
as being probably of zymotic origin and therefore communicable. Glanders in 
horses had been long suspected as being communicable, and indeed, a special Act. 
had been passed by the Ontario Legislature in 1884, enabling local authorities 
and magistrates, to deal with it, and requiring all veterinarians to notify a mag- 
istrate of any cases discovered by them. The Animals’ Contagious Disease Act 
of Canada, passed in 1885, named the following diseases as being contagious or 
infectious, and being those for which compensation was to be given, while 
actinomycosis has been added to the list during the session of 1896. The 
expression ‘ infectious or contagious diseases’ includes, in addition to other diseases 
generally so distinguished, glanders, farcy, mange, plewro-pnewmonia, foot and 
mouth disease, anthrax, rinderpest, tuberculosis, splenic fever, scab, hog cholera, 
hydrophobia, variola ovina and actunomycosis. 

From the summarized history which has just been presented, it becomes 
manifest that in Canada, as indeed, in al] countries, the study of veterinary 
medicine has relatively a very brief history, and must in practice, be considered as 
having taken its position as a science, only within the last thirty years. Its 
development has had much to aid it, especially from the standpoint of commerce ; 
for with the development of rapid steam transit, as has been seen, came the 
possibility of the development of the live cattle trade between America and 
Europe. Owing to the enormous number of cattle exported from North America, 
and the developing trade even from South America, and the numerous ramifica- 
tions of the interstate and inter-provincial railway transportation, the last fifteen 
years have seen the evolution of a totally new state of affairs, which has 
demanded the attention not only of cattle-owners, shippers, and transportation 
companies, but also both of Federal and State Governments on both sides of the 
Atlantic. Along with the importations from all parts of the American continent 
into Britain, the dangers of the spread of communicable disease from one 
state to another, with interstate commerce, have similarly greatly increased, 
as well as the possibility of diseased animals carrying the contagion to the ports 
of entry in Europe. Not only this, but the facts which soon came to be learned 
that a most profitable trade could be developed in the exportation to Britain of 
well grown, half fattened beasts, called “ stockers,” to be prepared for the market 
on the rich pastures of some British county, added an additional element of 
danger of the introduction of disease into Great Britain. ~This was soon realized, 
when after the severe outbreak of Texas Cattle disease on the south-western 
plains, and the presence of pleuro-pneumonia in some of the Eastern and Central 
States, the Order-in-Council, of the Department of Agriculture of Great Britain, 
of 1882-3 was passed requiring the slaughter of all United States cattle at the 
port of entry in Great Britain and which has been continued ever since. This 
became of great incidental advantage to the Canadian cattle shippers, who were 
not slow to make the most of it, and while being at all times loud in condemning 
the introduction into Canada of: American cattle, have, on the other hand, been 
equally strong in the praise of our Canadian herds seemingly so free of disease. 


As a consequence of this condition of affairs, two very remarkable pheno- 
mena resulted ; first, there came a stasis in the healthy activity which had begun 
to characterize the work of cattle inspection in Canada at the time when the Con- 
tagious Diseases Animals’ Act was passed by the Federal Government of Britain 
in 1879, and a tendency to rest, if not on our laurels, at any rate on the fortunate 
accident of the healthfulness of Canadian herds; and second, there has resulted a 
full realization by the Government of the United States of the perils which their 

26 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


export—and even internal—eattle trade might soon be subjected to if compre- 
hensive, scientific and thorough measures were not promptly adopted for meeting 
the situation. 


We have already seen how the Bureau of Animal Industries of the Federal 
Government of the United States, a mere tentative department ten years or more 
ago (being established first by Congress in 1884), has extended its operations 
until we see it in 1895 establishing under new legislation, even an interstate 
cattle inspection, superadded to that of the previous legislation of 1887 for 
the inspection of cattle for export ; which, added to the laws establishing cattle 
commissions in some fifteen states, has caused a development of the work of 
investigation and stamping out of cattle diseases, the importance of which upon 
the relative standing of Canadian cattle in the European market does not seem 
to have yet been realized by the Canadian legislator or stock-breeder. (See U.S. 
laws referred to in Report on Inspection of Meat and Milk, Part IT.) 


To illustrate the operation of these laws, I cannot do better than present 
a summary of what anyone may see in daily operation at the Buftalo cattle market. 
Buftalo by its situation is most favorably placed for the building up of a large 
cattle market, and boasts to-day of being the largest sheep market in the worid, 
over 6,000,000 sheep being handled at their local market in 1895. To-day there . 
are forty-tour acres covered with cattle yards and pens; and a new company has 
recently begun new yards with an area of sixty acres. In addition to the local 
city market of a population of 350,0¢0, there is one long established and very 
large packing establishment, and several smaller ones engaged especially in the 
local and interstate trade. As will be seen by the Act already referred to, the 
railway companies can only transport to outside any state such animals as have 
obtained local bills of health. Brought to the Buffalo market they are at once 
drafted to different pens, those for local slaughter being inspected by city inspec- 
tors, and those for export or interstate trade being examined by Federal inspec- 
tors, who likewise examine all intended for slaughter in the one packing estab- 
lishment having Federal inspection through asking for registration and by consent- 
ing to submit to the regulations of the Department. It is confessed by the city offi- 
cials that the local staff is insufficient for an efficient inspection, but they cover 
the ground as far as possible. As will be seen in the following figures, it seems 
absurd that two or three city inspectors can have inspected 5,049,473 cattle, hogs, 
sheep and calves in 1895; but such is stated in the mayor's annual address. 


This is all the local inspection that is done except to look up local nuisances 
at the numerous butcher shops of the city and suburbs, where a large part of the 
local supply is slaughtered.. The city health authorities are anxiously asking for 
one or more abattoirs for extending the local inspections. 


Returning, however, to the Federal inspection service, we find a staff inspect- 
ing every animal, either in the pens or on being weighed. Those showing disease 
or injury are placed into quarantine after being tagged and numbered and a short 
description of the animal taken. Those for slaughter in the registered packing- 
house are driven off as required to the yards of the packing-house, and there 
again carefully inspected as they are sorted into grades of different quality. Fur- 
ther inspection not having revealed any disease, the cattle pass on to the slaugh- 
tering floor. While being skinned and dressed each animal is carefully inspected 
by the veterinarian, the lungs, glands and intestines being examined especially 
for the detection of tuberculosis. When found healthy the meat is tagged “ In- 
spected”” with a numbered tag of the Bureau of Animal Industries, and the meat 
passes into the cooling chamber either for local use, interstate trade or for export. 


27 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


All interstate packages have to be made up of meat bearing on each parcel 
the blue stamp of inspection by the Bureau Inspectors. If a carcase while dres- 
sed is found diseased in its lungs, etc, to any serious degree it is ticketed “Con- 
demned,” its number taken, and it is followed by the inspector to the “ Render- 
ing tank,” where it remains until he sees it destroyed for food. Pigs and sheep are 
inspected similarly to cattle, both at the pens, stock-yards and in the yards of the 
packing-house. After killing, the internal organs of hogs are placed on a table in 
front of the inspector, who examines for swine-plague and hog-cholera, measles, 
etc, If diseased the condemned tag is attached and the carcase afterwards goes to 
the rendering tanks. In addition, however, to this inspection several small pieces 
are nipped off by scissors from different muscles, numbered the same.as number of 
tag on carcase and taken to a room where are young women specially trained to 
examine with the microscope for trichina. The specimens from each animal are 
examined by two separate examiners, one in forenoon and one in the afternoon, 
and if the trichina is found the whole carcase is condemned without reserve. All 
packages for export, as before, receive the brand of the Bureau of Animal Indus- 
tries. 

Returning to the inspection of cattle intended for the wholesale trade or 
export, they are inspected individually, and if found healthy to outward appear- 
ance they have a metal tag punched into the ear with a number of a continuous 
series, and a detailed statement of the numbers in any given lot is daily made and 
forwarded to the Central Bureau at Washington; also a note of any animals con- 
demned, stating cause. These animals tagged as inspected are admitted to inter- 
state trade, but if for export are again inspected before going on board ship. 


So complete is the system of registration that as an inspector in the Dept- 
ford market, London, stated to a Canadian friend, “The Americans are quite sur- 
passing you Canadians, for we can trace any animal found diseased by that tag 
back to the very farm it may have come from in the Western States. We are 
getting afraid of your Canadian cattle.” The quarantined animals at the yards 
are further examined, and if proved diseased on killing are all tanked, as the 
expression is. This work is being extended to the investigation and stamping 
out of tuberculosis and actinomyeosis by inspection of herds. The latter must 
necessarily be largely carried out by State authorities, and as seen in the report 
contained in Part II. of this report, the work isin many states being vigorously 
prosecuted, compensation being given in every case. 


We very naturally enquire what stage similar control and inspection has 
reached in Canada? We have already quoted references to show that Canada 
was early alive to the interests of this most important industry. We notice, too, 
that since the threatened scheduling of Canadian cattle in England, owing to 
reported cases of pleuro-pneumonia in exported stockers in 1892, 1893, much 
concern has been shown to prove that our Canadian cattle are free from this, and 
indeed all other diseases. The scheduling order was finally made in 1896, so that 
the favored position of Canadian live cattle exports extending for over ten years 
over United States exports has disappeared. Assuming what seems to be true 
that no cases of contagious pleuro-pneumonia have in England been proved 
against Canadian cattle, are there, therefore, no good and sufficient reasons exist - 
ing in England for the issue of such an order? To answer this we have to 
examine the exports annually issued by the Dominion Department of Agriculture, 
and judge of our situation when placed alongside of the measures adopted in 
the United States to raise the standard of their cattle, even though scheduling 
continues. | 


28 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


The chief veterinary inspector, in his last report, states that out of a total 
of 99,606 cattle landed from Canada at British ports in the year ending November 
1st, 1895, not a single case of pleuro-pneumonia could be discovered. 

‘Not only is this the case, but your inspectors have been very seldom called upon to investigate any 
diseases in the country—that in fact with the exception of tuberculosis and actinomycosis, and a few 
cases of scab in sheep, no diseases of a contagious nature exist in the herds or flocks of Canada. The 
healthiness of the stock generally in this country is almost phenomenal.” Again—‘‘ The number of herds 
infected by this disease (tuberculosis) during the past year has greatly decreased in Quebec and the 
Maritime Provinces, due, no doubt, to the owners of cattle being now generally well intormed of the 
incurable and dangerous nature of the disease, and the ways in which the infection is spread, more Care in 
adopting preventive measures being exercised by them.” 


The percentages of tuberculosis in lungs examined at Quebec, Halifax and 
St. John, were respectively 2, 14 and 2 per cent. Dr. A. Smith, of Toronto, 
chief inspector for Ontario, in speaking otf the 927 pairs of lungs examined at 
Toronto, Hamilton, London and Galt, makes no mention of tuberculosis. 


It must be presumed that the chief inspectors at the port of embarkation 
have carefully examined all animals exported. Of the 99,606 cattle shipped, 
fifty-seven lame, fifteen old and poor, one with mange and sixty-seven with 
lump-jaw, are stated to have been detained, and not one was found to be tuber- 
culous. There would seem to be included in the staff for the whole Dominion 
fifteen veterinary inspectors and seven who report as customs officers at small’ 
ports of entry. These would not appear, from the few cattle reported, to be con- 
tinually engaged in inspecting cattle at ports of entry,and several of the number 
are guardians of cattle yards principally where American cattle pass through the 
Lake Erie peninsula in transit. Froim this staff performing such work as comes 
to hand, we have to look to obtain the exact information which goes into the 
annual reports. In direct contradistinction to this, itis learned that the staff of the 
chief inspector at Buffalo for carrying out the regular work of daily inspection of 
the Bureau of Animal Industries is twenty-three, including veterinarians and 
others. With un animal population of over 5,000,000 cattle, over 3,000,000 
sheep and over 1,000,000 hogs vm the Dominion, it is apparent that broad state- 
ments made on the strength of what such a staff of observers only occasionally 
and incidentally—not entirely—engaged may discover of tuberculosis, for 
instance, must, if published, only serve to cast dowbt upon the accuracy of other 
statements with regard to pleuro-pneumonia or any other suspected disease. 


The following notes re complaints made to this Board during the past year 
illustrate how unsatisfactory the situation is with regard to the local inspection 
of animals and how conditions prevail that cannot fail, if allowed to continue, 
to result disastrously to the reputation of our live stock trade. 


Feb. 18th, 1896. 
JUDGE DARTNELL, Whitby : 


Enquiry as to amendments to law ina case re an animal undoubtedly suffering from actinomycosis, 
animal was sold by farmer to Port Perry tailor, who refused payment on advice of veterinary, that 
animal was deceased. The judge has learned that cases of the disease are frequent. Judgment in the 
case was given for plaintiff, $26 and costs. 


October 23rd, 1895, 
H. H. Dewart, Toronto: 


_ Enguiry re costs in prosecuting knackers for throwing out carcases of dead horses to be eaten raw by 

pigs in York township. 
February 24th, 1896, 
Dr. A. CAMERON, Owen Sound : 
Statement re herd of twenty-nine cattle, healthy up to a year ago, when a two-year old animal having 

a lump on right jaw was introduced among them. At date of this letter thirteen out of twenty-nine had 
become affected. It is firmly believed many neighboring farmers have killed animals they could not sell, 
ani have sold the carcases. There are many Giseased animals in this neighborhood. 


29 


> 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


January 2nd, 1895. 
J. Bower, V.S., Chairman Government Board Inspector of Stock, Windsor : 


Reports a cow dead from tuberculosis at a milch farm near Windsor, and no doubt it can be traced to 
other farms. 


This is being kept private awaiting your action in the matter. 
June 10th, 1895. 
R. Kina, Barrie : 
Asks if there is law to prevent feeding dead animals to pigs. 
February Ist, 1895. 
Dr. GAVILLER, Grand Valley: 
We have a large percentage of cattle in this part suffering from actinomycosis. 


Some have been undoubtedly slaughtered by local butchers and sold as food. One head with two 
tumours was found recently in a pig-stye at rear of slaughterhouse. 


December 26th, 1895. 
J, SAVAGE, Newmarket : 


I learn a man on the third concession had a cow fattening which had several cancers, and that he 
milked and sold her milk to the cheese factory when she was in a bad condition. 


February 26th. 1896. 
Frank Donck, Secretary Local Board of Health, Ameliasburg Tp., Prince Edward county : 


Reports that within three miles of Picton, lives a man who has already fed the carcases of 150 old 
worn-out horses to pigs. There is also aman who goes through the county endeavoring to buy horses, and 
sells the hides for $1.50 and sells carcases to these men to feed to pigs. 


September 3rd, 1895, 
R. A. Sincuarr, Secretary Local Board of Health, Cannington: 


Re a nuisance in the matter of a large slaughterhouse in village, and demanding that action be taken in 
matter by this Board. 


May 15th, 1895. 
ALEX. WALDIE, Brighton : 


The Lecal Board of Health has not stopped slaughtering complained of. He has been killing 
all day. He has twenty or more hogs and no floor. He cleans them out once in six months. If it is 
not stopped no one can live for bad smell and flies. The pen is not thirty feet from the street. 


October 5th, 1895. 
G. W. WEBSTER, Secretary Local Board uf Health, Ottawa, East : 


Writes re nuisance caused by slaughterhouse along the street. Promises to abate nuisance. All the 
family near by was veryill. The stench is insufferable ; original complaint made by J. C. Bauld, and local 
board has taken action. 


September 13th, 1895, 
ABRAHAM NEELANDS, Invermay : 


Slaughtering within corporation used for curing hides, drying skins and rendering fat. This goes 
alongside the warm meat left over night. Swine kept in small enclosure in immediate contact with 
slaughterhouse and are fed raw offal. 


November 9th, 1895. 
Dr. HARBOTTLE, Burford: 
States old horses are reported being shipped to Toronto extensively for fertilizer, probably for sausages, 
February 8th, 1895, 
D, R. Beaton, Pickering : 
Re feeding dead horses raw to hogs. 
February 9th, 1895, 
Secretary St. Catharines Waterworks: 


Re a farmer feeding dead horse to hogs ; owner ‘‘ said it was easiest way of disposing of it and did not 
hurt the horse.” 

March 4th, 1896. 
ALFRED SKIPPEN, Medical Health Officer, Luther township : 

States in that neighborhood ‘‘ Vets.” state there are some hundred cattle affected with tumors of the 
jaw, actinomycosis, and that they cut them out, sew up the wound, when the cattle are shipped to Toronto. 
He asks for an investigation. 

January 18th, 1895. 

D. CAMPBELL, Uxbridge: 


Complains of a hoz-feeding establishment within the town, where soma 200 hogs are kept within 100 
fect of nearest house. A remedy is sought as local board will do nothing. 


30 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


March 7th, 1895. 
R. T. Fouts, Chester : 
Reports a case where an animal diseased with cancer was seized and the owner fined $25.00 and costs. 


March 15th, 1895. 
Ezra Briaes, Bruce county : 
Writes regarding an animal with cancerous tumor, whose milk was used. 
August 16th, 189. 
W. H. Hatt Medical Health Officer, Chatham : 
Stated that the meat of an anin.al with cancer of the jaw was seized, and on proof of cancer a fine was 
levied. 
August 16th, 1895. 
Dr. Hutcuinson, Medical Health Officer, London: 


Stated a similar case as occurring in that city. 
January 23rd, 1896. 


S. E. THomeson, V.8., Warkworth : 
Writes twenty cattle were tested, fifteen out of the number were found affected with tuberculosis, four 
were slaughtered and the disease found to be well matured. 
April 4th, 1896. 
AT. ReErp; Orillia ; 
Reports a number of cattle as suffering from a disease resembling tuberculosis. 
; April 9th, 1896. 
W. R. Fettows, Secretary Board of Health, Blenheim : 
Asps for information re the law as to inspection of meat, and states that it is greatly believed that lump 
jaw is very prevalent in the neighborhood. 
February 21st, 1896, 
M. Campsett, Mayor, Chatham : 


Writes that the council and himself are anxious to pass a by-law re the inspection of meat and cattle, 
and trusts the same will be done at once. 
March 14th, 1896. 
H. Covurz, Walkerton: 
Reports a number of cases of lump jaw in cattle in his neighborhood, and attributes cases of cancer in 
human beings as being due to this disease. 
March 28th, 1896. 
J. Epwarps, Moorefield : 
Writes concerning a cow he bought suffering from lump jaw, and states that when the cow was killed 
that the liver and lungs were ulcerated. 
April 23rd, 1896. 
W. J. Dovaxas, Secretary Board of Health, Eglington : 
Reports that certain cattle in his neighborhood are supposed to be suffering from tuberculosis. 


The work done by municipal authorities, supported by ample legislative 
enactments is certainly most limited and unsatisfactory in the work of protect- 
ing against disease ; and, as has been shown in the United States, no state legis- 
lative action has been effective in dealing with the inspection of cattle. Encouraged 
however by the comprehensive, systematic and scientific work of the Federal 
Bureau of Annual Industries, the State legislatures have within the past three 
years supplemented very largely Federal action, As in a peculiar sense the 
movement of cattle becomes interstate and interprovincial for purposes of com- 
merce, it is quite apparent that nothing can be effective in Canada unless begun 
from this standpoint by the Federal authorities. When it is remembered that from 
1889 to 1894 the export cattle-trade of fat cattle, of the United States, even 
with the embargo of the English schedule on all stockers was 22.5 per cent., 
while in Canada without any embargo and with the freedom to enter stockers, 
the increase of our export cattle trade was but 1.7 per cent., it is quite apparent 
that those interested in this important part of our national prosperity will do 
well to be guided by facts and not by self complacency. 


Py HY BRYGE; 
Secretary. 
3L 


a eat 5 


wifey 


a Py itr ca - 
pile 2s ase 


PAT CL 


Jeyak dir d bape bal 


CHAIRMAN’S ANNUAL ADDRESS. 
By Dr. J. D. MACDONALD, HAMILTON. 


To the Members of the Provincial Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN,—In coming together again at the beginning of another year, 
it is allowable for us to express our pleasure that we see one another in the 
enjoyment of health and of fitness for the duties of our office; with our menber- 
ship not diminished, and with a reasonable expectation that all may continue fit 
for such work as may be assigned to them during the months which are before us. 


There is cause also to notice with satisfaction the general state of healthful- 
ness with which the Province, as well as the Dominion at large, has been favored. 
No destroying epidemic has caused general suffering or loss of life. The sanitary 
authorities throughout the country seem to have been in a great measure watch- 
ful and active in efforts to stop the progress of such infect ous maladies as may 
from time to time have broken out. 


Small-pox has been an old subject of bitter reflection to this Board, appear- 
ing chiefly in the lumbering districts, being brought thither by vessels from the 
American side. It may be remembered that strong complaints were made by 
our committee on epidemics of the great want of precaution, on the part of our 
neighbors across the lake, against the increase of this malady, and of our suffer- 
ing which ensued, It is a satisfaction to us to hear that both the supineness on 
the one side and the suffering on the other have come to an end in the meantime. 


It has to be observed, however, that those outlying districts of our Province, 
communicating much, as they do, with the American side, require the continued 
exertion of watchfulness. ‘The immigration into the States from so many regions 
of the globe will assuredly be accompanied by much infectious disease, of which 
an unwelcome share will reach us, and will spread among us and prove destructive, 
unless we are always prepared with an active organization for the purpose of 
stopping its progress. 

It should not be again necessary to refer here to vaccination. It might be 
assumed that a moderately informed public is persuaded that the alternative 
presented to it being small-pox or cow-pox, the easier and safer experience is that 
of the latter. It has, however, to be admitted that boards of health and the 
medical profession still find it necessary to present, with what force they can, 
the advantages accruing from the choice of the lesser evil. 


When at our last annual meeting, I had the privilege of addressing you, there 
was reason to refer to Asiatic cholera as an affliction from which, by a kind Pro- 
vidence, we had escaped. It was thought that we could justly give expression 
to a well-grounded feeling of security from that baleful malady from henceforth, 
It was conceived that late experience had proved that, by good organization on 
the part of sanitary officials at the various sea ports, the entrance of cholera into 
this continent could always be prevented; and no doubt it can be, if men and 
nations are only contented to pursue the paths of peace; but, men are not pleased 
to continue in these paths, and semi-savage Mohammadans are only a little in 
advance of a so-called Christian civilization in their readiness for general murder. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


It would not have been thought necessary to revert to the subject of cholera 
on this occasion, were it not that the disturbed social and political state of those 
eastern countries in which cholera so often prevails, has led many to anticipate 
an outbreak of the scourge there. It may be supposed that, with the accurate 
knowledge of the origin of the disease, to which men have now attained, it will 
be an easy matter to prevent it from going beyond its more favorite seats. It 1s 
better for our Boards of Health, that they be themselves prepared to combat 
with this enemy at our own doors. Conditions seem threatened in the Hastern 
world and in Europe, if not also in America, which may place sanitary precautions 
in the background, and it may require our utmost care to prevent the addition of 
this to other troubles with which we are, in the meantime, apparently threatened. 
It is hoped, however, that American communities will have the wisdom to permit 
such measures as may effectually prevent the entrance of the scourge among 
themselves. If there is amongst us sufficient wisdom, there is sufficient know- 
ledge to justify this hope. : 

Not so with the next scourge upon which we have to comment from year to 
year. Diphtheria is ever with us. Its bacillus wheresoever it may have acquired 
its original life, has seemingly succeeded in asserting itself as autochthonous. It 
appears everywhere and at all seasons, and if allowed favorable conditions is as 
malignant and distressing as ever. When we consider the cruelty of its 
symptoms, and the helpless dependence on parental oversight of the greater 
number of its subjects, we cannot but wonder at the unconcern with which com- 
munites so often regard its prevalence. The Board has lately had an example of 
this indifference to duty, and heedlessness of infant life on the part of a munici- 
pality situated northward, into which a “sore throat” had found its way and was 
being attended with much mischief. Deaths of children took place, several in a 
family. as is the frequent rule in diphtheria epidemics, and were lamented with 
a certain resignation by parents and health officials; but nothing might have 
been heard of this beyond the limits of the township had it not been for the 
delivery to one of the families of the physician’s bill. Following this there was 
a rising of interest of a very lively nature, which culminated in an appeal to this 
Board. Your committee, which was dispatched to make enquiry into the cause 
of complaint, giving its attention to the prevalence of the malady, found that 
the whole evil was due to the complainant, the means of prevention having been 
wholly overlooked by the sanitary officials; the very first steps recommended to 
them for the purpose of arresting infectious diseases having been wholly neg- 
lected on the part of all. 


It seems in place here to say that for all such fatalities as have been adverted 
to, this Board can justly hold itself free from all responsibility, whether these 
may have resulted from mistakes on the part of physicians, or from neglect of 
sanitary precautions on the part of the proper authorities. Among the trans- 
actions of the Provincial Board of Health, necessary measures of prevention have 
been, on many occasions, discussed. Last January there was a very full report 
by the committee on epidemics, which had reference to diphtheria especially, 
and which, had physicians and municipal authorities read, they would have 
found something to their advantage. They would have, in some instances, been 
saved from needless loss, humiliation, and reproach. 


The Board will remember that the secretary, at its last meeting, informed 
us that many phials of anti-toxine had been forwarded to infected districts, and 
that most favorable reports of its usefulness had been received from parties who 
had employed it. These reports we may hope to see scrutinized and compared 
with those from other sources, so that we may aid in the arrival at a correct and 


36 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


reliable conclusion as to the endeavors thus put forth to lessen the various des- 
tructive results of this malady. There is still much discrepancy apparent among 
those who have had opportunities of witnessing or of performing anti-toxine 
injections. It becomes us patiently to wait until experience has become more 
uniform ; in the meantime reflecting that even following so simple an operation 
as a hypodermic injection, there is a possibility of error, even in the detail of 
manipulation, and great room for differences of opinion in the estimating of the 
results. 


Of typhoid fever we have heard comparatively little during the past year. 
We have not been free from it, but it has been neither so general as in other 
periods of its history; nor has its mortality been so great in proportion to such 
prevalence as it has had. If we take its prevalence in Hamilton as an example 
of its frequency elsewhere, we may safely say that we have not suffered much 
from typhoid. In a population of nearly, if not quite, 50,000, there were, during 
the year, ninety-six cases, and among those there occurred seven deaths, three of 
them taking place among the thirty-one people who suffered from the disease in 
October, and one in the seventeen cases which occurred in September, and three 
in March, being all the cases occurring in that month. 


Hamilton is a well sewered city, but its sewage, once it gets beyond the city 
bounds, is not well disposed of, and there are not wanting those who say that 
some of it comes back again, while it appears that others, having conceptions of 
bacteriology of the nature of polymorphism, are of the opinion that the typhoid 
bacillus being so very like an ordinary water bacterium, may have become 
pathogenic and productive of typhoid as a result of its cultivation in a medium 
favorable to the evolution in it of that character. That, no doubt, is a very 
tempting and plausible theory, and it appears to obtain some streagth and 
authority from the discussions of the experts in the science of bacteriology, as 
well as from a consideration of the simplicity of the structure of those very low 
organisms, which may be regarded as the first appearance of vitalized from 
unvitalized matter, the first step in evolution, so to speak. The experts do not 
look at all favorably on such scientific conclusions, and that on the part of 
unlearned people. In forming them, no doubt, the profanum vulgus is taking 
too much upon itself, and if induced by them to look upon typhoid and perhaps 
other troubles as unavoidable, so long as men drink water, it will do itself great 
harm, and will come to regard profound scientists with less respect than may be 
their due. The ignorant and simple, above all others have a right to question; 
and when they are told that certain bacilli are always found in water, even in 
great bodies of it, and that they come into it from the intestines of men and 
animals, they ask, in their own dull way, “Is it not possible that those organisms 
reach the intestines in the first place from the water, where, in one form or 
another, they have been primordially ?” 


Such reflections as these revolve themselves hazily in the minds of those 
who for the greater part pay the taxes, and thus have the claim to vote, and 
who have for some generations now been educated in the doctrines of evolution. 
Unless the labors of the experts prove, in their results, more definite than they 
have as yet, they whose enlightenment they seek, but who are already the 
victims of the tax gatherer, will rather join in the jeers so often directed against 
their scientific benefactors, than regard the difficulty of their work or the 
excellence of their aims. The people will be unwilling to incur increased cost 
for what, so far, seems to them of questionable necessity. We have to wait 
until the experts in bacteriology give us a sure description of the various forms 


37 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). | A. 1896 


of bacterial life, that is to say until perfecting their science, they can show with- 
out question that those organisms, like others of higher kinds, can be divided 
into their orders, genera, species, and varieties. 


When that consummation shall have been attained, and our minute destroyers 
are clearly exposed to our conception—their habits known—means may suggest 
themselves as being within the reach of our burdened communities, whereby they 
shall be able to provide effectually for their escape from many distressing visita- 
tions. 


At the same time, while we may sympathize witb municipalities which find 
it too burdensome to provide against the invasion of disease, we may remember 
that in a great many instances, their straitened circumstances are due to the 
dissipation of their means and the injury of their credit, by their expensive 
encouragement of business schemes, the promoters of which should be permitted 
to find their own capital, but by which these promoters, by certain judicious pro- 
ceedings, succeed in showing that great benefits are likely to accrue, especially to 
all who are not concerned. 


During the past year the Board has again had its attention drawn to the 
subject of tuberculosis. In the year preceding a strong hope had been entertained 
that science had bestowed upon us another signal service, and that a successful 
advance had been made towards the attainment of immunity from the results of 
tubercular infection. Now, however, that prospect is clouded. The hope is for 
the present at least abandoned, and therefore preventive medicine turns to deal- 
ing with this the cause of so much trouble and distress, in the manner which, so 
far, is alone known to be effective in hindering the progress of ali infectious 
disease. 


This Board accordingly has been giving its attention to impressing upon the 
community, and upon those in authority in Ontario, that if the evils resulting 
from tuberculosis are to be lightened, that most desirable end can be best and 
most surely reached by the withdrawal of those who are suffering from the infec- 
tion of tubercle from association with those who are as yet in a state of health ; 
and that this separation is as serviceable in securing increased comfort and pro- 
longed life in the former, as it is essential in securing the escape from deadly 
infection in the case of the latter. 


So anxious has the Board been on this subject that it has joined a number 
of benevolent gentlemen, and physicians of Toronto to bring this, as a great 
social need, under the notice of the Provincial administration. The application 
then made by those worthy gentlemen was clearly shown to be beyond the 
function of the administration, and so it failed. But the object was good, and 
it is one not to be dropped, but to be pursued in a more practicable way. 


The difficulties in dealing with tuberculosis by segregation have already been 
the subject of remark before the members of the Board, but the opportunity may 
be taken now, further to allude to what in this affection are the peculiar obstacles 
to the course which, it is believed, we all recommend. ‘These are found in the 
universality of the disease, and in the almost limitless degrees which mark its 
progress in different constitutions, and even in the same constitutions at different 
times, and under different conditions. All classes are its victims and there is. no 
respect of persons in its behaviour towards any. Life in some instances is 
destroyed with a rapidity characteristic of affections which are acute and malign- 
ant, while in others the symptoms of disease are intermittent, and protracted for 
a long time, a losing battle being maintained against it, with occasional intervals 
of apparent truce for many years, its victims yeilding at last only when old age 


38 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


coming to the aid of the destroyer, the power of resistance fails, and the struggle 
comes more quickly to an end. Between those extremes there is every degree of 
virulence. In examples of the latter kind, from their long continuance, the risk 
of propagation by infection is necessarily greater than in those of shorter duration 
and yet those are they in which the desired separation is most difficult to be 
brought about. | 


' In the more acute forms it may often be possible to obtain from patients and 
from relatives a compliance with the advice that they should avail themselves of 
the accommodation of a “ Home” or a “ Hospital.” But it must be expected that 
difficulty will be met with in persuading the population in general that those who 
have the symptoms of the more prolonged disease and who may be, nay so often 
are, family bread-winners, can ever become residents in such institutions in any 
great numbers. | 


At the same time none can well deny that it is the duty of preventive medi- 
cine as much as possible to attempt, in its own way, the mitigation of the evils 
of tubercular infection, and that having this end in view it is justified in insist- 
ing in the face of all controversy that there are benefits to follow the removal 
from among the healthy of those affected with any form of tuberculosis, those 
with phthisis especially, and for the purpose of eftecting this removal, in striving 
to impress upon both public bodies and individuals the necessity for places of 
retreat for those who are sufferers from this malady. 


It may come within the sphere of the duty of the Board to give considera- 
tion to the modes by which there may seem the greatest probability that such 
Homes may be placed where they may be of most service within our own Pro- 
vince of Ontario. It is not unlikely that we may be asked if we have counted 
the cost which is involved in what we assert is a necessity, and also if we have 
considered fully, and can in any wise show satisfactorily, the apportionment of 
the general relief which may result from the adoption of our proposal. This per- 
haps is not our function, but it would be a great gain if we could deal satistac- 
torily with these questions, although perhaps they cannot be answered except by 
the light of experience. In the meantime it seems to be evident that tubercu- 
losis, being of universal prevalence, sparing neither rich nor poor—not the one 
more than the other—the procuring of such refuges as are proposed, for the num- 
bers who need them, will appear to be such a heavy financial responsibility that 
few of our public bodies, provincial or municipal will venture to undertake it, 
especially when we reflect that those who in the greatest numbers need them 
are just the classes who can least afford to enjoy the benefits of them. 


Here, however, it is encouraging to note the rise and increase of private hos- 
pitals in our own country as well as in others, and there is little doubt that those 
will more greatly increase. Pointing to these as an example we may hope to 
bring about on similar principles the creation, first of one here, and then another 
there, of “Homes for Consumptives.” And it seems that efforts on the part of 
sanitary institutions and associations will be most usefully directed, which aim 
to influence general opinion on favored retreats for consumptives brought into 
existence in a similar way, some as private ventures and others as the fruits of 
a spirit of benevolence, the former for the well-to-do, the latter for the less fortu- 
nate amongst us. 

As yet it cannot be said that we have the full countenance of the medical pro- 
fession to our advocacy of those “ Homes or Hospitals” for consumptives exclu- 
sively. Nor need we expect that aid if our endeavors shall be to provide a num- 
ber of Governmental institutions with government officials in charge of them. 


et!) 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


If such Homes are to be useful (while of course they are subject to Government 
inspections), they must have perfect freedom in their several modes of adminis- 
tration, and from none of them should the physician of the patient’s choice be 
excluded. The conversion of medical men to the scheme of such Homes is essen- 
tial to its success. Their interest as well as their professional zeal must be 
enlisted in its favor. 


In fine the efforts of sanitarians should chiefly be to impress the minds of all 
with the fact that tuberculosis is the result of direct infection, and exorcise the 
hitherto fixed and universal persuasion that its origin is always hereditary. Once 
let the conviction prevail that consumption is truly and always the result of its 
own peculiar infection from without. Let the mode of its infection be gener- 
ally understood ; then the constant pressure of its presence will, sooner or later, 
impel society to the adoption of this means for protecting itself, and of affording 
comfort and some prospect of prolonged health and life to those of its members 
who are sufferers from this the most prevalent of all the evils which distress it. 


40 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


QUARTERLY REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON EPIDEMICS. 
Toronto, November 38rd, 1895. 


To the Members of the Provincial Board of Health: 


GENTLEMEN,— Your committee begs to report on the public health for the past 
quarter since November. : 


The Province continues to be free from smallpox; no case having been 
reported during the quarter. 


Reports from Michigan continue to state the presence of smallpox in Detroit, 
where it has been continuing for the last twenty months; cases are reported from 
Indiana, Wisconsin and one or two other neighboring states, it being epidemic in 
Texas and Tennessee. 


One case was reported January 28th by the Quebec Provincial Board as 
being present in Missiquoi county. It was without doubt traceable to infected 
clothing from the United States. No further cases are reported from this 
district. 


Typhoid fever, when prevalent in the autumn, has almost disappeared, there 
having been but few cases in Toronto or Brantford, whence recent reports have 
been received. 


The action taken by the members of the Local Board of Health of Brantford 
is much to be commended ; action having been taken to close some 108 wells 
reported dangerous. 


Scarlatina has been found in several places as localized outbreaks. It broke 
out in the Barnardo Home at Peterborough, some eight cases having occurred up 
to November 22nd. 


From the reports received it is gratifying to state that there has been no 
part of the Province where diphtheria has shown the same malignancy, or epi- 
demic character that it did in the same period of 1894-95. That it has been 
present, however, is seen in the several reports herewith presented as in the 
Algoma. district, Sturgeon Falls, Arnprior, Renfrew, Chesterville district, Dundas 
county, lumber camps in Hardy township, Muskoka, Dunchurch and Magneta- 
wan districts, Carp district, Renfrew county, Manitowaning district in Manitou- 
lin, ete., ete. : 

In addition to these districts, there have been orders for anti-toxin since 


September Ist from twenty-nine municipalities in nineteen counties to the amount 
of 125 bottles or $300. 


WATER SRS Nee cette Se Oe Ore 2 OxfordissAteeetisence comes cents 5 
DSLENGOD er crdetrataais cely Mel, iat wn ohlaes 3 Dam btons is 4a ei ei aes ed ee ee 1 
ata gale eee Rae A Pe See Iae 39 Waterloo: 2c. b20 cr se eee ta eee re 2 
PEORTODAC Mt. peek Molt Ors Peed ek a 2 Wentworthsie Sateen crue nee 2 
Tieeds An ie IU ee Bats Wrasse o ofk 0 hoch Pinronoe eee. ee Pai ety 3 
PPInCer tO WAYU sec cs Povics ceca ceeeons 1 Brant, soba, oak! Sa, hee ee eee 1; 
GED UM Ci ee tole teen ie chuasers pets 1 Dundas ye eet Mase er oer 1 
RUCE DOT ETD arin ey Aa Wiad | Oe ee 1 Middlesexsa. A ¥en ee i 
AIWEKOKAGS Caves oer eon Aya a eh S, 2 Bruce Ak bac Ue hes estes eee 1 
PANCOM Sree esc. deeb heiae eke 1 


As compared with this, it may be stated that anti-toxin was ordered in the 
three winter months of 1894-95 to the extent of 300 bottles or $675 worth. 
41 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


The distribution of the anti-toxin may or may not indicate the prevalence 
of diphtheria in any district as its use must be considered as yet but partial. 
But it may be stated as a general fact that those who have used it once are those 
who use it a second time, in cases apparently likely to be serious. 


The report for the similar quarter in 1894-95 gave seventy-five municipali- 
ties reporting the presence of the disease, in many cases as serious epidemics. 


Whether owing to the general increasing accuracy of early diagnosis on the 
_part of the profession or the increasing knowledge on the part of the public of 
the dangers of infection from diphtheria, we have to note the agreeable fact that 
the disease shows everywhere apparently a notably less prevalence and virulence 
than a year ago. 


As will be seen in the report of Mr. Mackenzie, a more frequent advantage 
continues to be taken of the laboratory in the matter of diagnosis. 


Arrangements are being made for still further facilitating the forwarding of 
specimens from the rural districts to the laboratory for examination. The great 
satisfaction obtained from positive knowledge as to the character of the exuda- 
tion, on the part of the physicians who have taken advantage of these facilities, 
can hardly be comprehended except by those who have to treat cases ; while the 
positive support it gives to the Medical Health Officer in maintaining isolation 
and keeping those infected from school, can only be understood by those who 
have known the serious disputes regarding cases in former years. In any cases 
of dispute some medical officers now regularly make use of the laboratory to 
determine the diagnosis. The practice has, we understand, become positive and 
regular in Toronto for the city officer to allow no child to return to school till a 
culture from the throat prove freedom from the disease. 


A year has gone since the use of anti-toxin has become general. Its gradu- 
ally increasing use is seen in the fact that while in Toronto a year ago only ten 
medical men purchased a supply from the Board of nineteen bottles to a total of 
300 bottles sold; the last quarter’s sales show seventeen physicians purchased 
thirty-eight out of 125 bottles used in the city, where there have been compara- 
atively few cases of the disease. 


The remarkable value of anti-toxin in diphtheria has long since passed the 
experimental stage, and all foreign statistics give unqualified testimony as to its 
value. 


In the extended paper of Prof. Welsh, of Johns Hopkins University, nothing 
can be more conclusive than the figures there quoted; while the latest statistics 
of Dr. Monod, of Paris, state that in 106 towns of over 20,000 population each, the 
deaths in the first half year of 1895, as compared with the average from five pre- 
vious years shows a reduction of sixty-six per cent. It would appear most 
unfortunate that there should exist longer any hesitation on the part of any 
physician, or medical officer of health, to take the fullest advantage of this result 
of modern biological research, while in the eyes of those who have studied most 
wisely it must be placed on the same plane as Jenner’s discovery of vaccination. 
The Paris Academy of Science awarded, in December last, the prize for the most 
valuable discovery of recent years, equally to Rehring, of Germany, for its dis- 
covery, and to Roux, of Paris, for the fuller development of the utility of anti- 
toxin in the treatment of the disease. 


(Sed.) GC. W. COVERNTON, 
J aA SShD eee 


PETER H. BRYCE. 
42 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Nc. 35). A. 1896 
SSSSSSSSsSsSsSaasSsS9M”=$”—$aa9$@99933D eee oo 


REPORT ON A CASE OF RABIES IN EKFRID TOWNSHIP. 
By J. J. MACKENZIE. 


UABORATORY OF THE PROVINCIAL BOARD OF HEALTH, 
Toronto, April 4th, 1895. 


Lo the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario: 


GENTLEMEN,—I received from Dr. McEwen, of Melbourne, on Tuesday, March 
19th, a bex containing a portion of the skull and brain of a dog supposed to have 
been rabid, a full account of which is given in the correspondence. 


Immediately on the receipt of it, I took a small quantity of the medulla 
oblongata, triturated in a sterile mortar with sterile beef broth and injected it 
underneath the dura mater of two rabbits. Rabbit No. 1 received about one-half 
cubic centimetre of the mixture injected far back over the cerebellum; rabbit 
No. 2 received about one-tenth cubic centimetre on the surface of the cerebrum. 
The following day I treated a third rabbit in the same manner. The morning 
following the operation the rabbits were quite well and the wounds healed rapidly 
by first intention. : 

The following is a table of the temperatures and weights of the animals from 
day to day : 


Rabbit No. 1. Rabbit No. 2. Rabbit No. 3. 
° Tempera- . Tempera- . Tempera- 
Weight. ine, Weight. ice Weight. ere: 
| gr, er, er. 
viarchie 1 O's sete Ne eet eee gS Ne eee TOO a SAS 52 outro tiete | oe bat oy sean eee 
¥ 2 UAB) PSUS Ss Maracas BN) tbh ie hoh tO oy OL a Se Re Te ee ee C29) Hal hae tag ree $ 
s PN Ce det ale aie Oe | APP See QO Sy eee acces tole Mila eee Pree Fc 99.8 
+ 2S EL ir Petal SO |e Rn I 102.8 5 Sent oe Sua 100.6 | PAS pee oe 100.8 
« Aa salar wo geen vatite 1,136 100.8 774 97.8 731 100.5 
ot PUB cae dems ator ag can eae ae es ae TOSI Ue wal de eins LOZ Ae | eatin ee 101.8 
FEO SAS gE et el ie SAL ae op Da aban Bn | TOSt Sieroter 100; 85,1) an acerca ope 101.4 
io a acate tance Se 1,065 102.0 823 100.4 766 98.6 
os 9 Mt PUES NMRA Wipe tv Ebi Cia LOR Oa cert een: BA OTR 0 Sol oll Behe iva i 102.5 
cs poe it ea U A HS Mk 994 100.5 788 99.3 781 101.2 
rh: 2A ri R= Re A RS 930 94,.2* 759 100.4 816 102.2 
Wy DU Meenas a elcae te ate. lire ae Sens so 86.0 731 99.5 752 102.3 
Me a) OTs ieee be a 852 91.0 702 97.8 730 102.6 
‘ENGST 0s AS a eR still | alive. 695 97.4 809 103. 
AP etre ink a eieie tokens dejad. 624 94.8 823 101. 
Re ee eee I ae ee 


Rabbit No. 1 died April 1st, rabbit No. 2 April 2nd. In the case of No. 1, 
the animal did not at first show paralysis, but rather great weakness. In the 
‘ease of No. 2, the animal showed paralysis (complete) of the right hind leg and 
partial paralysis with hyperzsthesia of the left hind leg. 


The postmortem results were practically the same in both animals, intense 
congestion of the whole central nervous system, but especially so of the spinal 
cord. 


The incubation period is rather short for the first passage of street rabies in 
the case of rabbit No. 1, but that may be accounted for by the exceedingly large 
‘dose which he received. In rabbit No. 2 the period of incubation (fourteen days) 

43 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


was about the average length of time for the first passage. Rabbit No. 3 is still 
living and has shown as yet no symptoms; to-day is the fourteenth day for it. 
To be absolutely certain. of course, it is necessary to pass the virus on through 
other rabbits. I propose doing this. 


I think, however, that there is little doubt that the animal died of paralytic 
rabies. 


I have the honor to be 
Your obedient servant, 


JOHN J. MACKENZIE. 


(This letter is explanatory of the outbreak.) 


[Copy.] 
Appin, OntT., March 17th, 1895. 
Dr. P. H. Bryce, 


Secretary Provincia! Board of Health, 
Toronto, Ont. 


Drar S1r,—Dr. McEwen, of Melbourne, will express you in a sterilized vessel and securely packed, the 
posterior portion of head and neck of a dog supposed to be rabid. I am not certainly aware that your 
laboratory has facilities for examining such a case bacteviologically, but send in the hope that you have. If 
so please demonstrate nature of bacteria present in this case (head has been frozen since 12th instant until 
packed), and if hydrophobia germs can be found let us know as soon as possible. If inoculation experiments 
are necessary please send word as to microscopic appearance of a section. Perhaps this should properly 
have been sent to Mr. Mackenzie, but the closing part of this will show why I send to you. Dr. McEwen 
may also address head to you, in which case please hand to Mr. Mackenzie. 


The dog bit a young lad (say 17 years) on the backs of both hands, through a rather thin pair of 
woollen mitts, on Wednesday, the 6th instant. The dog at that time was not supposed to be rabid and 


had previously been a fairly even-tempered dog, but on the same night it left home, after making some _ 


attempt to bite its owner, and ‘‘took in” a circle of country of about ten or more miles, biting nearly every 
dog in its course and also farm and domestic animals and fowls. It attacked two or three people (as far as 
heard from) biting only one and that did not penetrate skin on account of a heavy glove, and it did not 
return home until Sunday, 10th inst., about 2 p.m. 


On return it did not attempt to bite its owner or any of family. It was evidently sick and stupid, 
would not answer when called, eyes sunken and glassy, much emaciated, owner offered it bread and milk 
but would not touch them, a piece of meat placed in the mouth was immediately rejected with evident 
pain, did not bark or growl, prostrated somewhat, which increased, and on Monday night or Tuesday could 
only rise on front legs, hind parts being evidently paralysed, some convulsive attacks noticed but not 
severe, dog then killed. 


In its course through country it passed through a village and bit every dog in sight. It would run 
from one group of dogs to another, biting and snapping and not stopping to fight. Other dogs, on its 
appeneels would run away from it, although some of them had the reputation of being good and eager 
fighters. . 


He I did not mention that saliva was scanty and thick and ropy when seen at home on Sunday and 
onday. 


In my opinion all clinical symptoms denote rabies, but would not affirm such without a laboratory 
examination. 


The township council has been asked to defray expense of sending bitten. lad to New York Pasteur 
Institute for treatment. Dr. Gibier telegraphs me that cost for minimum period of treatment of fifteen 
days will be $200 and board $50. Have requested of him if any reduction cannot be made. Boy’s parents 


unable to pay anything towards cost as 1 am informed they are very poor, barely making a living for . 


themselves. 


Our Council wishes to know from you if Provincial Board will bear any of cost 1n case they decide to 
send him. They do not wish to incur expense unless they are reasonably sure of dog having hydrophobia 
and not some simulating disease. 


__ Incase you cannot examine parte sent, please wire on receipt—what proportion of cost Board will pay, 
if any, and oblige. 


Yours sincerely, 
(Sgd.) L. HYTTENRAUCH, M.D. 


P.S.—Also, has local Board of Health power in this matter. 


44, 


L. H. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A, 1896 


a i 
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON EPIDEMICS ON A HOME FOR 
CONSUMPTIVES. 

To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health : 


Toronto, January 17th, 1895. 


GENTLEMEN,—Your committee has for several years reported on the prob- 
lem of how to lessen the great death rate from tuberculosis in Ontario, and pre- 
sented at the last quarterly meeting, proposed regulations for placing tuberculosis 
on the list of notifiable diseases. 


The more, however, that the problem is studied, the greater the urgency 
seems to be, for the establishment as a corollary to such compulsory notification 
of a Home for consumptives on some inland and elevated tract of warm and dry 
soil protected by an evergreen forest growth, and conducted under conditions 
which have been found most successful wherever such sanatoria have been estab- 
lished. 


It would further seem to your committee that such provision can only be 
realized in the near future by its establishment being undertaken by the Govern- 
ment, and that thereafter, when it has gained public recognition, the counties 
might be encouraged to establish in favorable localities similar Homes, modelled 
on that erected by the Government. 

‘Such a Home would necessarily be something between an hospital and a 
sanatorium, the maintenance of which might be in considerable part provided for 
by the products of agricultural, horticultural and other industries, and by the 
moneys received from pay patients of the better class. 


The arguments for the establishment of such an institution may be briefly 
summed up as follows :. 


1. That according to the Hospital Report for 1892 one patient of every 
twenty amongst the 11,008 inmates of the General Hospitals of the Province were 
tuberculosis ; while almost as many more, or 4.5 per cent., suffered from acute 
bronchitis or pneumonia, a considerable proportion of whom, according to medi- 
cal experience, are likely to have subsequently developed consumption. 


2. That the amount of Government aid to the hospitals in 1892 for the main- 
tenance of this number of 1,197 patients was at the rate of, say thirty cents per 
diem, $359.10, which if the number were maintained for the whole year would 
have amounted to $131,071.50. 


3. That the General Hospitals in the different cities of the Province have 
not in any single instance, as far as I am aware, any method, as by separate 
wards, for preventing these consumptives (one in every twenty) from mingling 
with patients suffering from acute and exhausting diseases, which render them 
especially liable to inoculation with tuberculosis. 


4. That with 750 deaths in the twelve cities of the Province during 1892 
from tuberculosis, and probably as many more persons suffering from the disease, 
there was as a result a notable danger of such persons spreading the disease not 
only within their own families, but also amongst their fellow-workmen and work- 
women so long as they were able to perform labor, foreed upon them by their 
limited means. 3 

Other arguments put ina more general way have, been presented in the 
Report on Tuberculosis prepared by your Secretary and published by the Board 
last year, as well as in articles read before the Association of Executive Health 
Officers in August last and published Neer report. 

5 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). A. 1896 


NE eee 


Proposals to establish an hospital for consumptives in Toronto have, as you 
are aware, been made, but so far the idea has taken no definite shape. 


However valuable such an institution if established will become, it cannot as. 
an hospital fulfil the conditions which must recommend themselves to your com- 
mittee. As is well known the lakeside cities and even rural municipalities bor- 
dering on our great lakes have an incidence of deaths from consumption notably 
creater than the inland and more elevated counties. The following table, pub- 
lished before in previous papers, may be repeated, and year after year may be 
illustrated. 


Deaths from Tuberculosis in cities in 1891, 1892, 1893, in Ontario. 


iP Nae Oe en i MPN SIR Nes SEN Aa ee hee oe 


per 1,000 of | per 1,000 of | per 1,000 of 
population. | population. | population. 


a 
td 


It seems, therefore, apparent that the location of such a Home of a provin- 
cial character must be chosen with a view to the very best location from the 
climatic and geological standpoint. 


It has been stated elsewhere that basing the calculation on the annual death 
rate probably a number approaching 5,000 consumptives are at any one time 
living within the Province. If it were assumed that even a number equal to those 
treated at present in hospitals for tuberculosis and other pulmonary complaints 
were provided for gradually, it would mean an institution not larger than one 
of the Provincial Institutions for the Insane at the present time. 

Without going further, however, into the question, your committee believes 
the time has arrived when the demand for such an institution is general. 


It commends itself to the Inspectors of the Department of Public Institu- 
tions both from the public health and economic standpoints; and your commit- 
tee would therefore recommend the adoption of the report with instructions to 
have it forwarded to the proper authorities for consideration. 


This is all the more urgent in view of the fact that your committee has not 
been informed of the making of the Order-in-Council re Compulsory Notifica- 
~ tion of Consumption ; while your committee may further state that the point was 
raised in the discussion of the regulations with the Government, that if the con- 
sumptives were prevented from engaging in employment in workrooms and fae- 
tories where mingling with others was necessary, what other disposition of them 
was at present possible ? 


All of which is respectfully submitted, 


| 
| 1891, ratio | 1892, ratio | 1893, ratio 
Cities. | | 


ee eS SS 


GP OUEO Nek ane a oincece aides hangiaak lo Boia wow oe od aie labelel ohn ois epee a sinc elenahees eiays | 
UTIL BOT eek Takeo e oa Sate eure sw le G10, oat apes meres a ir cheer ists BOIS 
Kangstomtr Voi. ceo. foc e ee cis ols sie ob eT Rr ART Cd Pe Cn ta t 
Paria Onno k a cas wisidetaetere © Sie oleners fie Psi) =e © sinsusiepen aes Midas 
PIA ELOL CN ee an Tice cee w becom. pint ed Se ohene $ wihseleoenaiecni al obaliej oe ##: seeimtee ease 
TOOT eed ces Saale da ene Bhee rere tel Guests wipe Ndgyets ta: porter c amelan mene | 
Palle vallotes 15 codec ce cate sua skye ove « o tieye eh wisi vya sintelerstage ayes tines cucu femurs | 


Meh ee bo 


EDIT OMAR Tow cekig ous oe some c oe ak steer es Gtean cis.ne so erin aieinie a Nines 
SP GathaArineS hie. cick cus 40, wirid aictee Wf blvisisiahere Sialele leas hs AR ee Ry eee 
Ottaw tite dene clon nha Sor nd Be ACE pc ohh aly A SS ere tak, cae Seton a see veve 
GGATEM DR ies cis a 9 = cele cise Siu «iene, sotolnan sue higieen tm ate ee hc ahs Pe Ac OE 


Bee He ee bbb 
WOON WREANONAIE 
PRN NDe Ne pet 


WO DWONWOWOMHIDAN 
HH ROONW RIDA 


erne 


Cc. W. COVERNTON, 
P. H. BRYCE, 

Committee. 
46 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 33}. A, 1896 


INTERIM REPORT ON THE OUTBREAK OF TYPHOID FEVER IN 
BRANTFORD. 


Lo the Chairman and Members of the Local Board of Health, Brantford : 


GENTLEMEN,—Having learned of the prevalence of fever in Brantford, and 
having had forwarded samples of city water for analysis, with the information 
that its purity was being questioned by some people, on the authority of one or 
more prominent physicians, I have taken the earliest opportunity of investigating 
the matter with the object of determining, if possible, the principal causes of the 
outbreak. 


I have to thank the several city officials for their courtesy and energy in 
collecting and collating the large number of details which are summarized in the 
tables hereto attached, and which will be herein referred to for reference, 


Causes.—Typhoid or more properly enteric fever (because the effects of the 
disease are specially located in the intestines) is now known to be caused by a 
specific germ (or minute organism allied to the fungoid family) which multiplies 
in the intestines and thence in the blood, and in probably all cases reaches the 
blood by way of the digestive tract either in drink or on food, or if inhaled. It 
is carried thence from the mouth and posterior air passages on food or in drink. 
Though not readily multiplying outside the body, the germ undoubtedly at a 
temperature above 60° F. seems capable of multiplying in organic matter, and 
notably in the water of wells, where not exposed to the free action of fresh air 
and sunlight. Hence shallow wells whose temperature rises in the summer, and 
which become impure from the soakage through sandy soils, of organic pollution, 
notably from privies, stables, etc., are polluted by the two sources from which 
typhoid practically always emanates except when the same materials get into the 
public drinking water from the sewage of towns. I find by reference to the 
reports of the past five years that the total cases of typhoid, and especially the 
total deaths therefrom, in Brantford have been very notably less than in the 
period prior to the general use of city water. 


As the total services are 1,790 (with the factories excluded) ; it may roughly 
be calculated that 9,000 persons regularly use city water, or some three-fifths of 
the total population, 

After several years of relative immunity with an annually increasing 
number of water-takers, it Was perhaps natural that many should conclude that 
the notable prevalence «f typhoid during the past three months in Brantford 
ought to be considered as due to the common source of drinking supply. Such, 
however, have not Known or not considered, that while the conditions of public 
weter supply have not altered from several preceding years, those peculiar to well 
whiter have. 


“Thus the temperature of— 


tay exceeded the average of forty years DD Y7e a bla a atese tat eeeleeo. Orgs rete falo oie wheres oe y 
une +; : Ue ASAE igs oe cla Sle eealele aetna cles veh Met 
ase aaa feed Wy CHL IAR S aiie aan 03°F 


and with these began and continued, notably in the Brantford district, a drought 
unprecedented in Ontario. 
Thus the rainfall— 


Fell below the average in May by ... .... .»- SESE RE ae Wea ve i 0.60 inches. 
ae g PMATG | TREN ah oc cit toeie aletcle eusmie worn aels Ae Wee ae ce 2.21 
Oe - RL OLV Etat h visas aati inn =. nb dnd Hale eee etne or eke enener ent ne i" 
Exceeded HY August by ... Pada ges 0 memnate sien Meas rns j 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


To such conditions of unusually low ground water was added that of the 
greater tendency of all liquid sources of pollution in the neighborhood to soak 
towards the lowest point, and thus become possible by the succession of rains in 
August and September. 


There has thus been a maximum of pollution with a minimum of dilution, 
with an unusually high ground water temperature. Thus at the waterworks 
station, the water whose normal is 52° F. was found to be 65° F. or greater by 
7° F than in 1893, when I tested it. The temperature of other ground waters 
will have risen relatively to the amount used and to the depths of wells. 


That the city water is the same water it has ever been is seen in the sub- 
joined chemical analysis of 1893 and 1895. | 


That it is practically a sterile or filtered water is seen in the following table 
of comprehensive bacteriological tests made on September 21st, 1895 : 


Bacteriological test made on September 21st, 1895. 


No. of 
Aimannt colonies (7.€., 
Sources of several samples. of water ane oe pars Notes. 
us samples 
were taken.) 
1, Tap in engine house.. ... 02.2. sees e cence eee erences le. c, | 16 
2. Old creek. reservoir ........ece eee csetereseesenenss Lene; 320 
AG ANAL ee iictandis pits. wens Dist cimaleselangtt -nia's sem ayolenels i LO Cry 270 A few gas-producing forms. 
4, Old well, 50 feet from privy .... .--..seseeeeeeeeees 1iC.6, 2,052 
5. Driven well at greenhouse, 20 ft. from manure heap! 
and. 60 ft; from privy <2... 6.3.0 eee- cee, acer cscs | 307 


That it differs much more from polluted wells, communicating with the sur- 
face, even as a driven well is seen in the above table, and what ought to have 
been remembered by those using town water, is that the river water relative to. 
local pollution is infinitely more diluted than a pit well with sunlight excluded 
and subject to constant local contamination. These differences are shown in the 
table. 


The freedom from suspicion of city water is, however, capable of demonstra- 
tion by other than mere chemical figures. If Ward III. be taken for illustration 
in the tables, it will be seen that the density of population there is 2} times as 
great asin the next two highest, viz., Wards II. and V., and four times as great as 
in I. and IV. 


But more than this, the soil pollution of III. is that of some 60 years, while 
much of the other territory has only been recently occupied. 


Naturally, therefore, whatever wells still remain in Ward III. are peculiarly 
dangerous owing to this factor of progressive soil pollution ; for while ash closets 
largely exist, soak-pits are not yet all abolished nor the earth of old ones 
all renewed. There cannot, however, be many wells used, although existing 
unfilled; but that some have been re-opened this summer for cooler water is 
beyond question This has, unfortunately, been greater owing to the suspicion 
which seems to have attached to the city water. That their total is, however, 
small, is positively proven by the fact that there are in Ward III., with a popu- 
lation of 3,457, some 693 consumers, or one taker for every household of five 
persons. It naturally follows therefrom, that if with relatively few drinkers of 

48 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


well water twenty-one cases occurred where wells only were used and one case 
with both wells and city supply, and if with practically 3,457 persons to whom 
city water was available, there were but twenty cases in houses where it alone 
was used, we must unquestionably conclude that the well water is exceedingly 
dangerous and that well water accidentally drunk, filthy cellars or privies, or 
some other specific cause, must be held accountable for cases in houses where city 
water is usually used. 


It may, however, be urged that in Ward II., where the population is only 
9.8 to the acre, where the lots are large and the premises cleanly, and the city 
water takers are as one to seven and a half persons, that there ought to have 
been a natural absence of cases if the city water had not been a factor. We 
there find, however, that. the cases are almost equally divided between premises 
with city water (31) and those with the well water (34). Now assuming that the 
wells are in such a soil largely free from pollution, and that ash closets generally 
prevail and that the city water is not the cause in those houses where it is intro- 
duced, and that many wells are free from suspicion, we are left to the alternative 
of the only other probable source, viz., the milk supply. Now what we do find 
is that one particular milk is associated with twenty out of seventy-four cases of 
typhoid which have occurred in Ward II, and that the balance are distributed 
amongst thirteen other milk vendors. In other words, one milk vendor 
supplying 119 families has typhoid occurring in twenty of these while thirteen 
others supplying 1,094 families have fifty-four cases distributed amongst them, 
and of these fifty-four, six are associated with one other milk vendor. 


This argument receives additional force from the fact that of the total 
families supplied by the first mentioned milk vendor, distributed over other 
wards, twenty-one per cent. have had cases of typhoid, and of the last mentioned 
vendor, with families in one ward only, some fifty per cent. of all have a case 
of typhoid. 


That these two supplies stand in a very different category from all the others, 
is seen from the fact that with many other dealers with as many families none 
have higher than seven per cent. of cases, and an average of four per cent. 


If, however, further evidence as to the unwarranted suspicion which has 
attached to the city water is required, it may be found in the progressive 
character of the cases in the matter of time. 


Water-epidemics (i.e. from public water supplies) have invariably been of 
an explosive character. Thus in six weeks in 1887, 1,600 cases occurred in the 
city of Ottawa, most of these, indeed, within three weeks. 


In the present outbreak, as seen in the tables, the disease has progressed 
gradually and has kept time with the period of increased rain fall after the 
drought. 


Recommendations. 


These are apparent from the facts tabulated, and are deductions drawn from 
them. 


1st. Reduce the cost of city water to the smallest point consonant with the 
demands for revenue. 


2nd. Order the closure and filling up of every well in Ward III. before next 
June, and immediately of all wells associated with typhoid, or which in the 
opinion of the medical health officer and engineer are situated so as likely to 
become dangerous. 
4 H 49 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}. A, 1896 


3rd. Have an immediate and special examination made of every dairy, and 
especially of the source of water supply, both for cattle and for the cleansing of 
milk vessels. 


4th. Withdraw the permits of all whose water supplies are from wells so 
situated as to be liable to contamination, until a new well has been driven or 
dug in such position as is approved by the medical health officer and by the 
engineer. | 


5th. Require compliance with the Act regarding notification by physicians 
and householders, since had notification been made, early and regularly, the 
prevalence of the disease to its present extent would not have been possible, 
and the suspicion attaching to the public water supply, by an early investigation 
of the local conditions where cases had occurred, would not have resulted. 


I have the honor to be, 
Your obedient servant, 


PH. BRYCE; 
Secretary. 


TABLE I. 


TABLE SHOWING CASES OF TYPHOID FEVER IN BRANTFORD, 


‘Lotal:cases ‘supplied ‘with city waters to-2 net Je oe cles | lenis Padre eine Gi een tee 58 

oe a well waters inet ale, che. strana Uae A as eens Sciam ae 100 

= unknown supply ....... dade ME cp kode sly sae, SHE Ronit eatin oval & Rvensa: eaten aa ae a 

re with both supplies ........ .. eae te See: Wine APs VRE mes cane eRe Sea rt 

Total casesaghs Maes seteuls hte: Cpe oC ir ntibeasetbe te ts Ne ote tea eee te We caeee lock SRG eee ee 167 
TABLE II. 


Tora, CAsEs BY TEN Day PERIODS BEGINNING WITH JULY 1ST, AS PER REPORTS OF PHYSICIANS. 


Krome ulylst to 10th, inclusive, hi cinasccset keene eee te 2 (includes 1 from June), 
‘¢ July 10th to 20th, EUR ILR Oe ithe aise atone Rca a tats vee 4 
“July 20th to 31st, Ses ah Saale eee ae ice ad ec ee ee cee 138 
‘¢ Aug. Ist to 10th, SN AeY ROE, SUARS vag etc eC ID Stig es eae ile 

‘ Aug. 10th to 20th, ea a br NRA A LEB ceramn A, HT | Meth 8 

‘ Aug. 20th to 31st, Nr RADE seat Sie fa ate el crag ea tieesle Mea 22 

‘¢ Sept. Ist to 10th, he WR aCe GMA DC ed eae tee 38 

“* Sept. 10th to 20th, BIA IRC Ce A tic Me A Pak 30 

HS MOSDLMALSbtO-2SrG A aiGAVS) see eat ee eee eee ene 4 

Unknown datew a eA switiniiani need wale eee eee aie 3 
TABLE III. 


REPORT OF THE OUTBREAK OF TYPHOID IN BRANTFORD. 


Ward 1, 
Area, 600 acres, Population per acre, 5.5 persons. 
FO pULAtiGn..o,049 22)sh wn ah tee erase Cy a EM the hina eer ets Ratio ot cases, 1 to 209 persons. 
Oaseen lh ies £o can eee NCW, eatin s vara ah nae City, 25 % 
; Wells, 75 % 
City water consumers 305, Ratio 1 to 10 persons. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
Ward 2. 
Area, 340 acres. Population per acre, 9.8 persons. 
PROPULATIONY Ocal avitixs 4 s.cces'e es etatetone CUS TERe WANG. yaa, Ratio of cases, 1 to 45 persons. 
Gaede (Api Mien ceils ogee ote oe Wis Oa tee ee as City, 42 7% 
co aud w., 7%. ccs... Wells, 46 7 
Unknown 2....... Both, 9 % 
Unknown, 3 % 
City water consumers 451]. Ratio 1 to 74 persons. 
Ward 3, 
Area, 162 acres. Population per acre, 22 persons. 
POPULADLON GG, 431 .. 5 eicid onlsel eo new ota COB LO reise ons aunts oe Ratio of cases 1 to 82 persons. 
CASH ADEN sot scow eh A vice erate tals Winco het as eine «lsc ge City, 48 7 
OGL dss peictele sok Wells, 48 % 
Unknown, 1....... Both, 2 % 
Unknown, 2 7 
City water consumers 693, Ratio 1 to 5 persons. 
Ward 4. 
Area, 453 acres. Population per acre, 5.8 persons. 
Population 2,633...... esse ed CRI ee ay too ay hots Ratio of cases 1 to 109 persons, 
Oasee 24g IS, Settee wel a's tie sraie's Wali ac Rtsi. xe eiae City, 21.7 
Ceandtweslnnwce: ae Wells, 62 % 
Unknown, 3....... Unknown, 13 ¥ 
c. and w., 4 7 
City water consumers 138. Ratio 1 to 19 persons. 
Ward 5. 

Area, 310 acres. Population per acre, 9.2 (excluding Globe). 
Bopulation.2,806 00 0o o's cian oes CHINO Ree ras ere een Ratio of cases 1 in 179 persons. 
CURRGSULOM  tmty als cure cle ernie eee toe Wath hake torre taie sue ats she City, 00 % 

GUANO" Ws sibel week Wells, 81 % 
Unknown, 1....... c, and w., 13 % 
Unknown, 6 7 
City water consumers. Ratio 1 to 14 persons. 


From the further investigations regarding the causes of the serious outbreak 
of fever in Brantford, made by myself and Mr. McKenzie, who executed the 
laboratory examination of water samples appended hereto, it is still more appar- 
ent than ever, that the city water is not only absolutely free from the taint of 
suspicion, as a cause of typhoid, but tnat the majority of wells examined, illust-. 
rate a degree of pollution such as to make them not only suspicious, but to have 
been the probable causes of many cases which have occurred. 


It will be well, however, that the condition of the ravine on the island, 
where a source of supply is taken, be improved so as at all times to make it 
possible to maintain a reservoir of water, for extra consumption after filtering, 
as pure as the river supply makes possible. 


This it is recommended be done in the following manner: 


1. Clear out all vegetable mouia from the deepest part of the ravine for a 
reservoir, and close off the upper portion of the ravine which ought also to have 
its vegetable matter removed, and afterwards be levelled up. 


2. Bring up the lower part of the ravine to a grade such as will protect 
against standing water. 


3, Lead a tile-drain from reservoir to the outlet of the creek, and place at 
mouth of creek a drain with a culvert, to allow the flood waters to flow off; but 
also have the drain supplied with a valve to keep out the high water of the 

spring floods. | 
This drain from the reservoir will serve to maintain at all times a fresh 


supply of water in the reservoir, which will receive water from the canal supply. 
51 


a 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


If in addition to this supply, a reservoir be desired, it may readily be added 
by laying a series of sub-soil field tiles beneath the frost line to the north of 
canal, and further to the south of reservoir, which can be steadily supplied from 
the canal. 


By these methods, the filter bed for these supplies will be some 600 to 800 
feet from the well, and by it we may conclude the present filtration will, if 
possible, be made still more perfect. 


All of which is respectfully submitted, 
(Sed.) PETER H. BRYCE, M.D. 


APPENDIX TO BRANTFORD REPORT. 
Toronto, Nov. 12, 1895. 


To the Chaarman and members of the Provincial Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN,—Acting under instructions from Dr. Bryce, I proceeded on 
Thursday last to Brantford for the purpose of making IS Seles) examina- 
tion of the water supply of that city. 


My results are not, as. yet, complete, but I beg to submit a preliminary 
report upon such as I have obtained. 


I examined in all fiity-one samples ; of these eleven were from various parts 
of the public water supply, two from the Grand River, two from the canal, one 
from Dead Creek, one from a creek which was used for watering the cows of 
one of the milk dealers, and the remainder from private wells, in connection with 
the majority of which there had been cases of typhoid. 


In making the examination I, in all cases, made a quantitative estimate of 
the bacteria growing at room temperatures ; in a certain number of cases I also 
estimated the number growing at blood heat; and finally I am engaged at 
present in a qualitative examination of all those forms which, from their appear- 
ance, are either suspicious or peculiar. This latter part of the work will take a 
number of days to complete. 


Samples trom public water supply : 


Bacteria . 
Date. Description. pee at per beet ° Remarks. 
} 
a pice 
1|Nov. 7..|Tap in police office.........,...... | 84 5 (Practically only one form 
9, ** .\\Tap in Victoria Park ............ 80 12 developed in the plates 
3; ‘* ..|Tap at house of Mr. John Fax .... 70 7 at 37°c. This has been 
4| ‘* .,|Tap at house of Mr. C. B. Heyd.. 60 2 isolated for further study. 
6} ‘* ..|Tap at water-works ...... ....... 60 7 It proved to be a form 
‘- .,|Well at engine house.............. 96 none which liquified gelatine 
10|Nov. 8../Tap at waterworks ............... 252 not determined| and had no significance 
12; ‘* .,!Sample from the bottom of the well 48 a as evidence of pollution. 
| at engine house. Over 30 per cent. of the 
13} ‘* .,,/Tep at the house of Mr. Pearce.. 40 ot colonies in this sample 
38|Nov.9.. Tap at waterworks ..... ........ 226 iM belonged to bacillus sub- 
39| ‘* .,|Sample from the bottom of well . 164 “ tilis, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


Samples from the Grand River : 


D as Bacteria | Bacteria 

ate. Description. he ab per ¢.¢, at 36 °c. Remarks. 

6 

: | 

5|Nov. 7..| Canal water near waterworks .... 1,350 

11|Nov. 8..| Canal water near waterworks .... 1,860 not determined 

40| Nov. 9..| River at Wilk’s dam.............. 2,560 ri 

41} ‘ ..| River at Dockett’s...... S eh hake es 2,000 ss 

Bee ee a Wedd: Oreeks 6 feeds ssiecing ie ee eee 3,150 ss 

ea cc05 2 SWB Ac A RA Ee ak Ale le SEL A PS aay FP LS 
Samples of well waters : 
Ra BA EES I Ll lt el AN a a a a Oa enamels eA AIL 
| Bacteria . | 
Be B 
Date. Description. | per oe at per Pears Remarks. 
cS) 

; | 

14!Nov.8..] Mr. Geo. Hall’s well; a driven 190 7 
well 14 ft. deep; sandy soil; 
scant supply. 

19} ** ..| Mr. A. Matthew’s well; a driven 520 3 
well over 20 ft. deep (202 Mar- 
ket st. ) 

21; ‘* ..| Mrs. McCormick’s well; adriven; 7,200 21 
well recently deepened; supply 
was scanty, is now better 14 ft. 
deep. 

27| +‘ ..| Mr. Pringle’s well; adriven well, 650 not determined 
shallow in low ground ; consider- 

| able fever in neighborhood. 

29} “ ..! Mr. Dooley’s, Dufferin st.; adri-| 1,340 zs Six different species pres- 
ven well 12 ft. deep; good sup- ent in this water. 
ply. 

33] <“* .,| Mr. John Rayner’s well; a driven 350 Ss 
well 12 ft. deep, in the old set- 
tled part of the town. 

34] “ |.| Mr. Quinlan’s well; a driven well 800 
12 ft. deep, in old settled part of 
town. | 

35| <* ..| Well near cemetery; adriven well] 1,410 46 

| 13 ft. deep. 

49|Nov.9..| Mr. Douglas’ well ; a driven well in 

cellar, 12 ft. deep; fever in past 1,040 not determined 
years. 

15|Nov.8..| Mr. Norris’ well; pit well 53 ft.| 21,000 555 Eleven species present in 
deep, on Terrace Hill. plate at 22°c. 

16} “ ..| Mr. Priddle’s well; pit well, 14 tt. *1,200 125 | 
deep; scant supply ; old closets! | 
in the neighborhood. | 


53 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


Samples of well waters,—Continued. © 


Bacteria 


deep ; close to school on brow of 
Terrace Hill, near old pits and 
closets belonging to school. 


26, ‘* ..| Eckert’s well; pit well 14 ft. deep ;} 109,200 784 
had been cleaned out and deep-!(approxi- 
ened a week before taking sample.| mately) 


Date. Description, pers & at per epee °. Remarks. 

fe) 

a 

17} ‘* ..| Schooley’s well; pit well, 55 ft. 1,590 22 In plate at 22° c. four spe- 
deep, on top of Terrace Hill. cies were present, 

18} “ .,| Mr. Judd Buck’s well; old pit well] 18,600 615 Ten species present in 
on side of hill, 20 ft. deep ; sandy | plates at 22°c., amongst 
soil. them colonies cf a pro- 

leus form. 

20) ‘* ..| Dr. Digby’s well; a pit well, stone 710 200 The colonies in this plate 
and brick walls; no history of at 37°. were very small, 
illness; 14 ft. deep. In the plate at 22°c. 

only two forms were 
present, B. punctated 
and a small non-legorfy- 
ing colony. 

22; ‘* .,.| Windle’s well; a pit well in worst] 40,000 1,300 
locality of town; 12 ft. deep; 

| scanty supply. 

23} ‘* ..| P. Robertson’s well; pit well 16 ft. 2,540 167 Ten species present in 
deep ; old neighborhood. plates at 22 Scr 

24, ‘* ..| Smale’s well; pit well 14 ft. deep ;| over 19,000 | not determined 
scanty supply. 

| 
2A OS A ‘ Hunt’s well; pit well over 20 ft. 5,500 97 


Buck’s Foundry ; old neighbor- 
hood ; scanty supply. 


28; ‘* .,{| Tucker’s well; pit well 12 ft. deep ; 250 not determined 
low ground, near privy pits, bad 
locality. 
| 
30} “ ..| Wellin Jackson’s Row ; similar to 1,200 a 
Tucker’s, 
31} ‘“ ..| Syke’s well on Niagara st. ; pit well 1,760 fy Seven species present. 
14-16 ft. deep; scanty supply. 
32; ‘* .,| A. Wilson’s well ; pit well, close to}! 12,540 


36; ‘* ..| Herron & Johnson’s well ; pit well 2,080 
in cellar on hill. 


42/Nov 9..| T. Robson’s well ; pit well not less 880 
than 20 ft. deep; very good 
neighborhood on Eastward Pla- 

teau. 


270 
in,west Brantford. 
44, * Buck’s foundry well; pit well; 3,700 
supplies all the men at foundry 
(200) ; not a good locality. 
45) << Richardson’s well; pit well 12 ft. 204 
deep ; locality same as last ; sup- 
plies_three families. 


1,550 


. 
| 


—_—_—_—_—_-—ooOoOoO ee eeeeseesCa#N 


ASI ages? Whe. | Haffey’s well; pit well 12 ft. deep; 860 


54 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Samples of well waters.—Concluded. 


Racteria . 
ae Bacteria 
Date. Description. Pores & at perc. c. at 37°. Remarks, 


ee | ee eer 


‘¢ | .| Patton’s well; pit well 27 ft. deep ; 1,770 not determined 
| on Terrace Hill, houses higher 


up; a milk dealer. 


51} ‘* ..| Wellat Mohawk Park ; 12 ft. deep; 1,600 
new well ; abundant supply ; 
isolated. ; 
47 a: | Patton’s creek, 200 yards from hog-| over 40,0000 . 


| 
| | 
HO) | Wallace’s well: pit well 12 ft. deep. 3,150 ao 
sometimes watered here. | | 


| pens, which drain into it; cattle 


REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EPIDEMICS RE DIPHTHERIA IN 
PROTON TOWNSHIP. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN,—Your Committee on Epidemics having met on the 24th 
August inst., learned from the reading of correspondence between Dr. Bryce and 
the local Board of Health of the township of Proton, in the county of Grey, that 
a serious disease of the throat had caused five deaths in the family of Mr. John 
McLuhan, and also that conflicting opinions were expressed as to the nature of 
the disease. 

After consultation the Committee deemed it wise to hold an investigation, 
and a letter was sent by your secretary to Mr. James Cavanagh, secretary of the 
local board of health of Proton, informing him that a Committee of your Board 
would sit at Dundalk, county of Grey, at 2 pm., August 28th, to make the 
necessary investigation, and further requiring him to see that the necessary 
witnesses should be notified to attend. 

Dr. Bryce being unable to leave town on that day, a Comnuittee, consisting 
of your chairman, Dr. J. D. Macdonald, and Dr. Cassidy, a member of your 
Committee on Epidemics, went to Dundalk and opened the enquiry in the 
parlor of the McCulloch House in that village at 2 p.m., August 28th. The 
secretary of the local board of health of Proton, Mr. Cavanagh, acted as clerk and 
wrote down the evidence. The witnesses were sworn and questioned by your 
Committee as to their knowledge of the matter at issue. The history of the 
disease, and also the condition of sanitary matters in Proton :—In order to elicit 
the important facts as completely as possible, the enquiry was conducted along 
certain lines, which had been pre-determined by the Committee. Sub-joined is 


the evidence : 


55 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). , A. 1896 


EVIDENCE. 


John McLuhan, farmer, of the township of Proton, being sworn, deposed as 
follows: Ido not remember the date on which the first illness took place in the 
family—none of the family had been from home during a fortnight. 


William had been at a raising for an afternoon, four days previous to his 
illness. 


I do not know of my own knowledge of cases of diphtheria having occurred 
in the neighborhood—my son told me he had been in company with and had 
drank water from the same cup with a companion who had a sore throat, four 
days before he got ill—the disease appeared to be common sore throat, the 
doctor’s opinion was at first it was not contagious; the young man, William, was 
going up and down amongst the family—my son called on the physician two 
days after his throat became sore—no instructions were given by the physician 
as to isolation. My wife and I nursed the sick patients; we were not isolated 
from the other members of the family. 


(Sed.) JOHN McLUHAN. 


Mary McLuhan, wife of John McLuhan, being sworn, deposed as follows: 
The disease was not thought serious at first ; having heard the testimony ot my 
husband, I agree therewith. My son Henry lived eight days after the disease 
commenced ; he died on the 8th day of July, 1895. Robert died on 14th July, 
1895, having been ill one week. Luella died on 14th July, 1895, having been ill 
five days. Annie Louisa died on the 28th July, after an illness of ten days. 
Eddie died on the 6th August, after an illness of five weeks. I consider that the 
disease was serious, never having seen that kind of sore throat before. 


Dr. Ciendenan, at the time of his visit to my son Henry, stated it was not 
diphtheria, only common sore throat, and that the two little girls, who at that 
time did not have the disease, if attacked would have it lightly—after Robert’s 
death was the first intimation as regards isolation. 


(Sed.) Mary McLuuan. 


° 


Arthur Edmond Clendenan, M.D., Toronto University, Conn, township of 
West Luther, county of Wellington, being sworn, deposed as follows : 


I saw the first patient of the McLuhan family on the 23rd June, 1895—the 
patient’s age about twenty-three years. The patient consulted me at my office 
at Conn. His temperature was about 100 degrees; appetite good; examined 
throat, found some spots on the back of throat, and [ also noticed there was a 
hoarseness and difficulty in speaking. I diagnosed the disease as laryngitis, 
combined with pharyngitis. I informed him that the disease might or might 
not be infectious ; the patient received medicines from my oftlice once, and called 
three times at my office, but I did not see him for eight or ten days after the 
first consultation, No measures of disinfection or isolation were practised by 
the McLuhan family, so far as I know. I next saw the patient about eight or 
ten days after the first consultation ; I examined his throat and found membrane 
which was beginning to peel off. I inferred from seeing the patient going about 
that he had not been confined to his room and had not been isolated. 

56 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


On July 6th I visited the McLuhan family, and saw Henry McLuhan. I 
found that he had well marked laryngitis with symptoms of fibrinous exudation 
in trachea and lower parts of pharynx, which was shown by hoarseness, difficulty 
in breathing and cough. Within four or five days four others of the family 
showed symptoms of the same disease; in two of the cases there was pharyn- 
gitis with membrane, and in two there were spots in their throats—in two of 
these cases last described laryngitis appeared from the first. I consider that 
forms of sore throat other than diphtheria are communicable, and I do not con- 
sider isolation in such cases necessary. In distinguishing between membraneous 
croup and laryngeal diphtheria a bacteriological examination is required. 


I have never received a copy of the Diphtheria Regulations and was not 
aware of the nature of them. Iam aware that facilities for the examination of 
membrane in doubtful cases of sore throat have been supplied by the Provincial 
Board of Health. I would isolate cases of diphtheria for a period of one month 
or longer. There were three cases in the same family affected in a similar 
manner ; of the eight cases five terminated fatally and three are convalescent. 
In those three cases there has been some pharyngeal but more laryngeal 
_ symptoms of paralysis. 


(Sed) ARTHUR EDMOND CLENDENAN. 


Robert Menzie Mitchell, M.D.C.M., Medical Health Officer, township of 
Proton, being sworn, deposed as follows : 


I am Medical Health Officer of the township of Proton. I first heard of the 
sickness in Mr. McLuhan’s family August 15th. The local board of health met 
August 17th. I went to the McLuhan homestead, August 19th, along with Mr. 
McKenzie, a member of the local board of health. I examined the house and 
premises and found them in a good sanitary condition; disinfection had been 
done by the people of the house. There were three rooms on the ground floor 
and three on the first floor of the house. There was an attic room above the 
fourth floor. There was also a one-story kitchen extension, connecting with the 
ground floor. I ordered the above mentioned attic to be treated with carbolic 
acid fumes. The kitchen I also ordered to be treated in the same fashion, after 
the wooden walls had been stripped of paper. The carpets taken from the floors 
of the rooms used by the patients were burned, some curtains were burned and 
some put in boiling water. The clothing was destroyed or put in boiling water. 
Feather beds were also put in boiling water (feathers and cover). Some of the 
clothing was treated by dry heat inan oven. Mr. L. Beard practising isolation 
and disinfection in contagious diseases. The three children who had had the 
disease had paralysis of the throat. Liquids were regurgitated back through the 
nostrils when the patients endeavored to swallow. There was also weakness of 
the voice. They were able to walk about. 


(Sed.) R. M. MitcHetu, M.D. 


James McLuhan, farmer, township of West Luther, being sworn; deposed as 
follows: William McLuhan was at a raising at George Gibson’s, in West Luther, 
on Tuesday, and on Friday was at my place and complained of feeling poorly— 
ill, and in need of rest—tired, and threw himself down on the grass, which was 


57 


\; i ek, Ne 
- oS TE re 

7 + ae 
a weer 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}. A, 1896 


not his nature. On Sunday following met him riding home in a carriage from 
visiting the doctor; his neck was swelled on the right side and his throat was 
very sore. I did not see him for four days afterwards, on the day preparatory 
to the raising at his father’s. I saw him at the house. I looked at his throat ; 
he had much difficulty in opening his mouth and protruding his tongue, so that 
I could not see down his throat. He was much reduced in flesh. Isolation 
resulted from the efforts of witness solely ; thinks if all the children had been 
‘taken away their lives might have been saved. 


(Sgd.) JAMES McLUHAN. 


Elizabeth Funston, the wife of Thomas Philip, being sworn, deposed as 
follows: 

I went to his father’s house on the day of the raising and saw William, he 
was very ill on that day. I asked the doctor if it was not right to use ear bolic 
acid, the doctor did not think there was any danger of disease being contagious. 


(Sed.) ELIZABETH PHILIP. 


Joseph McArdle, chairman of local board of health, township of Proton, 
being sworn, deposes as follows: 

Members of local board of health are all members of the Council. For the 
last three years the Council has appointed the members for its own body, and 
all members of the Board are present at the meetings, the expenditure on account 
of the Board to date, about $50.00, the population of township, 2,930, the assess- 
ment $804,710.00. The Medical Health Officer is appointed each year, remun- 
eration according to service rendered, no annual salary paid. And we have no 
special sanitary officer, I know nothing about the supply of blanks relating to 
contagious diseases, to medical practitioners and school teachers ; when a case of 
contagious disease is reported, the procedure taken is as follows : 

A meeting of the Board is summoned, and attendance of Medical Health 
Officer required, and directions given him as to steps to be taken, which he is to 
carry out. Where the case arises of persons who are unable to carry out disin- 
fection or isolation to prevent spread of disease through poverty, the Local Board 
would in such case defray expense incurred. 


(Sed.) JOSEPH MCARDLE. 


Dr. A. Ed. Clendenan, recalled. After the attack of the second one, (Henry), 
I pronounced the disease malignant, croupous, but not diphtheritic in its character. 
I understood that the healthy ones were in the back part of the house, after the 
death of Henry. 

I consulted with Dr. McPhaden, Mount Forest, and he agreed with me as to 
treatment. 

(Sed.) A. E. CLENDENAN. 
58 


| 


i 


59 Victoria, - Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


From the evidence submitted showing the extreme fatality of the disease, 
five cases out of eight having terminated in death, and the three survivors having 
had paralysis of the throat with regurgitation through the nostrils, when they 
attempted to swallow liquids; the contagiousness of the disease, it having spread 
from the patient first attacked, the young man William McLuhan, to his brothers 
and sisters, there is strong reason to think the disease in question was diphtheria. 
It is quite true that membranous croup is an extremely fatal disease; but it is 
“everywhere a rare disease, excluding, it will be borne in mind, its occurrence as 
a complication of diphtheria.” (Flint, p. 298, V. Edition.) 


The season of the year when the disease prevailed, July, and the absence of 
measles or scavlatina, in which membranous croup, sometimes occurs as a compli- 
cation, negatives the diagnosis of membranous croup. A bacteriological examina- 
tion of a culture made from the secretions of the throat, taken from one of the 
survivors, might have been made by your bacteriologist, but as over one month 
had elapsed since the convalescent patient had taken the disease, it was not 
thought advisable to make the attempt. 


Country physicians are often at a loss as to what opinion should be expressed 
in doubtful cases of throat disease, with exudation in the fauces, or pharynx, and 
particularly when laryngeal symptoms are present. The difficulty is to pronounce 
on the causation of the disease with which they are confronted. In many cases 
of tonsillitis, (follicular) very little treatment is required and isolation is but 
temporarily necessary, Then again, treatment would vary little, no matter 
whether the disease should prove to be membranous croup or diphtheritic laryn- 
gitis ; for either disease shows an enormous mortality. This certainly has been 
true up to the present, but antitoxin seems to have been recently very beneficial 
in diphtheria. It is true that your Board offers facilities through the bacterio- 
logical laboratory in discriminating between diphtherla and other forms of throat 
disease. At least twenty-four hours would however elapse before the practi- 
tioner would be in a position to decide positively as to the nature of the disease. 
In the meantime he would have to admit that he could not diagnose the disease, 
or in order to be perfectly safe, would have to pronounce the case diphtheria, 
and act accordingly, on insufficient evidence. 


Such situations are puzzling to a physician, who has to earn his livelihood, 
and who, while willing and anxious to comply with the law of notification, is not 
willing by his own action to acknowledge his insufficiency in diagnosis, and 
perhaps by this very confession of weakness open the way to a rival in practice, 
who may also be the medical health officer of the municipality. 


In the opinion of your Committee, the most that can be expected of the 
practitioner in doubtful cases of membranous croup and in all suspected cases of 
diphtheria, is to report immediately to the Local Board of Health, or to the 
medical health officer. The onus of clearing up the causation of these obscure 
cases, should then rest on the Local Board or its executive officer. 

It would be the duty of the local board to procure the necessary evidence, 
(bacteriological) if required, as soon as possible in the public interest, acting in 
the meantime as if the suspected case of diphtheria, were really that disease. 

It would also be well that section 3 of the Regulations re Diphtheria, should 
be amended by inserting after the word “diphtheria” in the second line, the 
words “or membranous croup.” 

A circular might also be issued to all practitioners in Ontario, warning 
them, that by not notifying these cases of suspected diphtheria to the local 
board of health, they assume a responsibility, which properly belongs to the 

59 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). | A, 1896 


—— 


municipal health department, and leave themselves open to a serious charge of 
neglect of professional duty, and of violation of the Public Health Act. The 
diphtheria regulations should be sent annually to every physician and Local 
board of health in Ontario. 


All of which is respectfully submitted, 


(Sed.) J. D. MACDONALD, 
J. J. CASSIDY. 


REPORT ON THE PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY OF PORT HOPE. 
By THE COMMITTEE ON WATER SUPPLIES. 
Toronto, May 14th, 1895. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario : 


GENTLEMEN,—Your committee as per instructions contained in a resolution 
of the Board dated January 19th, 1895, proceeded to Port Hope on May 2nd as 
per appointment, and met the Medical Health Officer and the Sewer Committee 
of the council. 


The examination of the lake front and the various points of importance in 
considering the propriety of placing the intake pipe in the lake at the point pro- 
posed in the plans was proceeded with and subsequently other possible sources of 
supply were examined. 


In order that the Board may have some idea of the problem before it, the 
general topography of the town of Port Hope may be given. 


The town is situated principally on two hillsides, each sloping towards 
Smith’s creek, which runs from the north into Lake Ontario. The soil is a clay 
overlying the rock which crops out in the river bottom and at points along the 
banks of Smith’s creek. Thus the lower levels of the town are either rock or 
clay, while the higher grounds are alternately sands and clay at different levels. 
Thus sometimes water is obtained at a few feet by digging, while in other cases 
the wells approach one hundred feet deep. To the north on the west side of 
Smith’s creek the ground dips northerly towards a ravine where flows a creek 
running easterly, forming a small trout pond. At other points northerly, springs 
flow out forming three considerable streams, the principal being that supplying 
Winslow’s brewery with a daily flow of about 20,000 gallons. These springs 
on the hillsides are at the level where the higher sands and gravels met the 
underlying clay. A similar stratification occurs on the east side of the town with 
at least one considerable creek flowing westerly to Smith’s creek. 


As the whole country rises to the north till the height of the Oak Ridges is 
reached, it may be expected as is the case, that Smith's creek is a considerable 
stream rising near Kendall, and fed by numerous springs along its route in its 
rapid descent to the lake. The stream owing to its rapid fall is largely utilized 
for milling purposes, there being five dams on the streams within the town limits. 

Naturally on this account the amount falling over the last dam is lessened, but 
at the time of inspection it had a definite current until the new basin was reached 
owing to the present low lake level. 


60 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


From the general outline it will be gathered that there are three possible 
sources of water supply for the town. 


1, The lake (Ontario). 
2. Smith’s creek above the town. 


3. The springs to the north of the town, yielding probably from those in 
sight with the town limits some 50,000 or 60,000 gallons daily without develop- 
ment. 


Referring to these in reverse order, it may be said that with a little care 
there seems no doubt but that a supply of splendid underground spring water 
sufficient for all purposes for years to come could be obtained at the points indi- 
cated, : 


As regards the second source of supply, if a pipe were carried up Smith’s creek 
some three-quarters of a mile northward from the last dam, forming Corbett’s 
pond and*above the slack water, there would be obtained good spring water sub- 
ject only to the usual polluting agencies of streams flowing through an agricul- 
tural country, with the occasional turbidity common to all streams having clay 
banks and the additional unpleasantness of being warmer than either of the other 
sources for a short time in summer. In addition to this it would probably be 
found that the water main leading from the intake to the stand-pipe would be 
more expensive in this than in either of the other cases. 


The lake supply being the only one which is presented to the Board for 
approval in the plans submitted, may be briefly described as being a plan for sup- 
plying Lake Ontario water by a pipe laid out into some twelve feet of water 
at a point some 1,150 feet from the shore in a southwesterly direction and to the 
west of the pier from 1,500 to 2,000 feet from the point at which Smith’s creek 
waters meet those of the lake through the basin at a point some 1,400 feet from 
the shore line. The proposition is to place the pump-house on the shore opposite 
this on Smith street inside the foreshore which consists of a beautiful coarse- 
grained sand beach used as the chief supply of building sand for the town. 


The analysis of the water as given below will be found to be that character- 
istic of Lake Ontario generally, and the supply if maintained in its state of 
purity will be all that is desired. The objections to placing the pipe at this point 
are that owing to its being so short a distance from shore the water will be turbid 
with every storm that beats on the shore, and to the proximity of the outlet of 
Smith’s creek to the intake pipe. That this latter may become serious may be 
argued from the fact that the intake pipe will be directly in a line toward which 
an east wind would blow the waters from the creek without any time being given 
for great diffusion. 


Remembering thet Port Hope is a town of some 4,800, that Smith’s creek is 
the natural outlet for all existing and future sewage of the town, and that there 
are already the following sources of pollution, it will be seen that the matter is 
one of great importance in the consideration of the present and future disposal of 
the town’s sewage. These sources of pollution are (a) Tannery; (b) A number of 
privies ; (c) Queen’s hotel and houses connecting with Walton street sewer; (d) 
Drain from post office ; (¢) Town Hall sewer with water-closets ; (f) Drain from 
brewery. 


The intention is to at once extend the existing sewer up Main street. 


Your committee after fully considering the situation is of the opinion that in 
view of the certainty of present and of future increasing pollution of Smith’s 


61 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


creek, the proposed point of intake ought not to be approved of by the Board, if 3 
the best interests of the publie are to be considered, since sooner or later the 
water supply will become dangerously polluted. 


There are, however, two modifications of the plan, either one of which, not- 
ably the second, will give to the town a publie water of undoubted purity. 

1. The extension of the water-pipe farther westward and out several thous- 
and feet into deeper water. 

9. The sinking of a well into the sand beach of such a size as will enable a 
day’s supply to be pumped to the stand-pipe, the well filling up continually. 

By this simple method, adopted in various places, the water supply will 


always be obtained free from turbidity, while by filtration the dangers of sewage 
pollution will be completely removed. 


Incidentally it may be remarked that there would seem to be a netable sav- 


ing in the outlay on the 1,600 feet of 16-inch pipe proposed to be laid into the 
lake. 


A preliminary objection has been raised that the town is already committed 
to the scheme of laying the intake out into the lake; but as the town council was 
notified of the law in the matter on the 30th of July, 1894, and the contractor 
who has undertaken the work was fully aware at the time he made the contract 
of the provisions of the Act, your Committee can see no reason why the Board 


should in any way modify its views on a sanitary question under such circum- 
stances. 


From the following will be seen the correspondence between the authorities 
of Port Hope and the Secretary of this Board: | 


Toronto, July 30th, 1894. 


DEAR Si1r,—I notice by to-day’s papers that Port Hope is contemplating a 
new public water supply. In this connection I respectfully draw your attention 
to section 30 of the Public Health Act, and request you to notify the council and 
local board of health of the provisions of this section. 


I have the honor to be, | 
Your obedient servant, 


PeteR H. BRYCE, 


Secretary. 
H. V. SANDERS, Esquire, 


Town Clerk, 
Port Hope. 


Toronto, November 28rd, 1894. 


DEAR Docror,—I learn from newspaper reports that your town intends 
introducing a supply of public water for drinking purposes. I beg to call your 
attention to section 30 of the Public Health Act and ask you that you will 
promptly bring this matter to the attention of the Local Board of Health and 
town council. I may say that I wrote a letter similar to this asking for informa- 
tion, to the town clerk, but have not received the courtesy of a reply from him. 

62 


59 Victoria. — Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 
SS eC RN Ea 


Before the work can be legally executed this Board will require to make 
analyses of the water, as well as to have a sketch map of the point of supply and 
a statement from yourself as to the possibility of the water supply to contamin- 
ation from surrounding sources. In order to facilitate your work in this matter 
I forward you a letter of instructions with regard to taking samples of water. 


With kind regards, 
I remain, 
Yours very truly, 


PETER H. BRYCE, 


Secretary. 
L. B. Powers, Esquire, M.D., 


Port Hope, Ontario. 


Port Hope, Dee. 21st, 1896. 


Dear Docror,—You will find enclosed the certificates re waterworks. Mr. 
Stewart, the engineer, of ‘Toronto, will send over to your office a plan of the 
harbor and showing the exact locality that the water was taken from. I hope 
the samples arrived all right. Was sorry to send on Friday, but we have had so 
much delay, and it is very difficult to go out and get water at this season. To- 
day being a fine day, thought might possibly wait for a week to get out. 


Please let me know anything you would suggest and try and give result of 
water soon. 


Yours faithfully, 
L. B. Powers. 


TorontToO, Dee. 27th, 1894. 


DeEAR Doctor,—I have got yours of the 21st and have noted the contents, 
I shall expect to hear from the engineer regarding the plans. 

It is a matter of much importance to know whether the river wash will in 
the future be likely to affect the water at your point of intake, as at present there 
must be more or less sewage contamination of the stream, and this must tend to 
increase rather than diminish. 

The whole matter will be reported to the Board at ius next quarterly meet- 
ing, so that it will be well to have the plans and specifications completed: very 
shortly. 

With the season’s compliments, 


I am, yours faithfully, 


PETER H. Bryce, 


Secretary. 
L. B. Powers, Esquire, M.D., 


Medical Health Officer, Port Hope. 
63 


é9 Victoria. “esstonal Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


The committee delayed acting on the instructions of the Board, contained in 
the following resolution, passed January 19th, 1895, until the spring weather 
would enable them to make a satisfactory investigation of the various possible 
sources of supply. 


Moved by Dr. Vaux, seconded by Dr. Rae, “ That the plans of the proposed 
waterworks system of Port Hope be referred for further consideration and report 
to the Standing Committee.” Carried. ! ) 


Your committee would therefore in conclusion recommend that, until th 
plan of sinking a well in the sand has proved impracticable, the Board approve 
of this amendment of the plans submitted to it for approval; and that should it 
at any time in the future be found necessary to extend the pipe into the lake, 
owing to the increasing consumption of water by the town, the town shall then 
extend the pipe to such a point as experience shall prove to be free from the 
danger of sewage pollution, as already indicated, and as shall contorm to the 
views of your Board in this particular. The freedom from objection to the use 
of Smith’s creek for sewage disposal, should the water be pumped from a well 
in the sand beach, as recommended, ought to be the strongest of reasons for the 
council modifying the method of obtaining the town’s water supply as indicated 
in the committee’s recommendations. 


All of which is respectfully submitted 
HARRY E. VAUX, 
PETER H. BRYCE, 


Committee, 


THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 
ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE THAMES WATER AS A 
SOURCE OF SUPPLY FOR THE CITY OF CHATHAM. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario. 


Toronto, May 29th, 1895. 


GENTLEMEN,— Your committee on water supplies begs leave to report that 
ag per instructions contained in the resolution of the Board adopted at its meet- 
ing on the 17th of May, it continued the investigation of the shames water, pro- 
posed as an adjunct supply of public water for the city of Chatham, and that it 
instructed Mr. J. J. Mackenzie to proceed to Chatham and make a series of 
analyses of the filtered water, which was carried on from May 22nd to May 25th 
inclusive. 


Your committee being supplied with the results of these analysis proceeded 
to Chatham on May 28th and made a detailed analysis of the works of the 
Chatham Waterworks Company with the following results: 


1. That the Chatham Waterworks Company was supplying water from the — 
subterranean wells in Raleigh by a pump at a depth of seventy feet by con- 
tinuous pumping for twenty-four hours, a daily water supply, amounting the day 
of our visit to 164,824 gallons from a new well sunk to the rock in October, 1893. 

64 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


That the original well which had supplied some 300,000 gallons in twenty- 
four hours had become clogged with clay and was useless, being simply a sink 
hole for surface water and although within a few feet of the new well, was 
wholly unaffected by the pumping from it. Further, your committee found two 
other wells which had been bored on the two acres of the property of the com- 
pany and had been connected with the pumping well, but which had not, your 
committee was informed, materially increased the supply obtained from the first 
well. It may be stated, therefore, that supplying at the pumping station in 
Raleigh Township a pressure of forty pounds to the square inch, the company 
were unable to supply more than 164,824 gallons per diem. 


After the experience of four years, and after the efforts above indicated, the 
company found it necessary in keeping with the increasing demand for water and 
the decreasing amount available from this subterranean source, to seek for an 
additional supply to supplant that from Raleigh. 


After consideration, the company decided in the beginning of 1895 to filter 
the Thames water by the Hyatt filter, or what is now known as the filter of the 
New York Filter Company. 


Notifying this Board through its secretary of the changed conditions in 
March last, and of its decision, the company requested that the Board investigate 
the results of their new operation, as by the terms of its agreement with the 
town of Chatham the decision as to the quality of the water was left with the 
Provincial Board of Health. Your secretary suggested that in order that some 
accurate idea of the river asa source of supply might be obtained, a series of 
analyses of the river water for some weeks under different seasonal conditions be 
made, in order that comparative results with the water after filtration might be 
obtained. 


The results of the analysis made by Mr. J. J. Mackenzie, the analyst of the 
Board, are herewith submitted. 


Briefly summed up, these analysis show: 


1. That the river in flood time in March contains, as all rivers and the 
shores even of the great lakes, increased amounts of organic matter, principally 
from the washing down of vegetable matters by creeks, etc, as well as trom 
cultivated tields and other sources of impurity along the banks, whether vegetable 
or animal. 


2. That with the incoming of spring and the growth of vegetation with 
pleasant weather, the condition of the stream, both from the chemical and 
bacteriological standpoint steadily improved, until during the last month the 
river water has shown but a moderate turbidity, common to all streams with 
clay banks, and the chemical analysis showing water by Wanuklyn’s standard, 
well within the second class; while the bacteria present were reduced to a 
number, for a river water, infinitely purer than many of the streams which in 
Europe or the United States are constantly utilized—even unfiltered—for town 
purposes. The comparison with different foreign cities, and Toronto lake water 
are given in the accompanying tables. 


The results, chemically, of removing suspended organic matters from the 
river water by alum precipitation are likewise given in the tables, in order that 
the amount of dissolved albumenoid ainmonia in the water might be shown. The 
chlorine present in the most turbid samples is seen to be as low as Lake Huron, 
and to be lower than that commonly present in a normal river water as the 
result in the sample taken the first of May shows. 


5 H. 65 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35) A, 1896 


With such conditions, the effects of filtration both from the chemical and 
bacteriological standpoint may now be clearly compared. 


Sample No. 1, filtered, shows the chemical analysis of the water taken on 
May 27th, after filtration, to be in every respect first-class, except in albuminoid 
ammonia, which is higher than in that precipitated with alum in the laboratory. 

Assuming, however, that the river after a week of dry weather, as between 
May 2Ist and 28th, was in normal condition chemically, that is, that the sus- 
pended organic impurities from storm wash would have had time to settle, the 
chief value of any examination would be to determine what proportion of bac- 
teria would be removed by filtration from a river water in its normal condition. 
The tables contained in the appended report of Mr. Mackenzie give the exact 
results of the work of the filters under varying conditions. 


From these results, speaking generally, the filters, when doing work under 
normal filtering conditions, removed from eighty to eighty-five per cent. of all 
the bacteria present in the unfiltered water. The number of bacteria left after 
filtration as compared with many samples of water, both unfiltered and filtered, 
in different cities, may be seen in appended tables. Briefly, it may be stated 
that they approach in numbers the minimum fixed by Professor Koch, of Berlin, 
for a safe water even in such streams as the Spree at Berlin, and at Altona, 
where very large amounts of sewage enter the stream—that at Altona receiving 
from the whole city of Hamburg. 

As, however, the maximum filtering power of the same class of filters at St. 
Thomas has not yet been reached at the Chatham station, it may fairly be 
expected that, when the superintendent has had more experience in the manage- 
ment of the filters, an improvement in this particular will be obtained. 

Such, then, briefly outlined, are the main facts connected with the investi- 
gation. 

While the members of the board have been able to draw individual conelu- 
sions from the facts as given above, it may be well that your committee sums up 
the situation as it appears to it, as affecting the question of health in the matter 
of using Thames water as a domestic supply. 

1. The first point is that of the quality of the Thames water at Chatham, 
per se. ‘The river, as other streams, depends for its supply on springs, either 
along its banks or in creeks flowing into it, or upon the- rainfal! on its surface 
and neighboring fields. This is true, of course, of even the great lakes, and is 
only a matter of degree as to the proportion from any single source. 

2. The pollution of the stream must come along with these several sources 
of supply, and hence we have cities and towns on its banks, farm-yards and cul- 
tivated fields to consider. | ; 

Of the first is the City of London, some sixty or more miles away. The 
sewage of London is largely ponded by the dam below that city, but there is no 
evidence elsewhere to show that pollution at this distance has been such as to 
affect a public water supply. 

An inspection of the river for tive miles above the town shows that a num- 
ber of farm-yards are situated near the river banks, and that barnyard washings 
are likely, with heavy rains, when the ground is frozen in spring, to pollute the 
stream. That the amount of this is at present chemically inappreciable is shown 
by the extremely low amount of chlorine in the time of fluod in March, it 
(chlorine) being the most delicate test for animal pollution, 


66 


te ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
—eae=e=oaoesSs=>s=~s~=—a—“"“$“—<$S~—oOoOoOoaolojéOwcwOwowswaoas0eoO0=aoSSSS eee” eee 


As regards vegetable organic matter washed from the banks, etc., while this 
will be excessive in the spring floods, there seems no evidence to show that it at 
that time of year is dangerous to health. : 


3. In one case near the town is a slavghter-house, a source of danger of a 
serious nature, if it be found to be allowing decomposing animal matter to pass 
into the river. 


4. The possible pollution of the river at the point of intake by the current 
of the stream, which receives the town sewage of Chatham, flowing upward past 
the intake at times when the lake water may be higher than the river, must be 
considered, until proven otherwise, to be a possible source of pollution. 


Considering these several points. and what may be done to remove any pos- 
sible dangers of a polluted supply, your Committee would recommend : 


1. That the powers of the Public Health Act and of the Waterworks Act be 
taken advantage of to prevent avoidable pollution of the stream for a number of 
miles above the city. 


2. That a series of levels be taken to accurately gauge the rise of water in 
Lake St. Clair, and its effect on the current of the river in Chatham, in order 
that, if necessary, the intake pipe may be carried to a pvint in the stream above 
all danger of pollution from Chatham sewage. 


3. That the method of operating the filters so as to obtain the highest degree 
of filtration be carefully governed by the facts obtained from the bacteriological 
tests made by Mr. Mackenzie, and such further results as scientific investiga- 
tion may in the future prove to be practicable. 

4. That the City of Chatham is hereby advised that it is the opinion of the 
Provincial Board of Health that the Thames water may be safely used as a public 
water supply, judging from the results which have been obtained in the investi- 
gations above recorded, and so long as the recommendations made in this report 
are rigidly followed out—assuming the continuance of the present extent of rip- 
arian population along the stream above Chatham. 


All of which is respectfully submitted. 
HARRY E. VAUX, 
Chairman. 


PETER H. BRYCE, CG si 
J. D. MACDONALD, ommiuttee. 


(Letter to Local Board of Health, Chatham.) 


ToRONTO, January 6th, 1896. 


Degar Doctor, —I! beg to enclose herewith the bacteriological analysis of the 
Chatham water supply made by Mr. Mackenzie on December 26th, 1895, also 
examination made of the St. Thomas water supply. 


I regret to find that the examination of the Chatham water supply shows 
that the work of filtration at the time of making the test was not more satisfac- 
tory. There is no doubt but that the condition of the river at the time, in the 
matter of clay in the water, caused the filter to be overworked in order to sup- 
ply the amount of water required for the city. The rapid increase of sand 
resistance within a few hours from three to four pounds to fifteen or sixteen 


67 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


pounds amply illustrates the point. The possible efficiency of the filter is illus- 
trated by the test of the St. Thomas water, which shows in the unfiltered river 
water before ponding fur sedimentation, practically the same amount of bacteria. 


I beg to call your attention and that of your council to clause three (3) of 
the report adopted by this board in June last, in the matter of filtering the 
water, which | quote: 


“That the method of operating the filters so as to obtain the highest degree 
of filtration, be carefully governed by the facts obtained from the bacteriological 
tests made by Mr. Mackenzie, and such iurther results as scientific investigation 
may in the future prove to be practicable.” 


What seems urgently demanded is more filters, and such may be materially 
assisted by ponding the river water, to allow of a sedimentation of the clay, and 
along therewith a notable number of the bacteria present. : 


This is well illustrated in the case of the St. Thomas water. 
Trusting that additional filters may be shortly added to the plant, 


I remain, 
Yours very sincerely, 


W. R. Hatt, Esa., M.D., (Sed.) PETER H. BRYCE, 
M.H.O., Chatham, Ont. Secretary. 


Bacteriological Examination and Tests of the New York Filter at Chatham. 


aa gurantee, ea elas 
A, oo S) o:g OnOn nes 
q.8 = w 8 ae x | 
ES » 2S Os Ge 
Date. | Hour. a8 Alum. a x a z Cleaning of filter. 
Ss x fan = bh wala 
be oo a Qs 
‘ 23. | aes es | Bs 
3 
Z | | 2 | | UA Relais 
1..|May 22./1l a.m... 2010.2 SPlbss 2, 880 ee sol oe ee Filter cleaned May 21st, 10 
a.m. 
2..|May 22.)ll a.m... 432,000)0.72 cf 21D Wage bese Hien 479| 80 
3..|May 22./11.30 a.m.| 432,000/0.72 4 iD gee | .. «--| 1,567} 34.3} Filter cleaned between 11 
and 11.30. 
4..|May 22.]12 noon ..} 432,000,072 ae ; eS Pallet | 890} 62.7 
5..|May 22./12 noon ..j 432,000 0.72 ¥ ay hae aly Pear ws Ae 630; 73 6 
6..|May 22./1 p.m ... | 432,000 0.72 * LO eemehues 550} 77.8 
11..|/May 23.3 p.m ....; 432,000 0.72 hs ID: 2 eccr Wal, 200] ees Oe . 
10. .|May 23,/3 Dinas 14432, 000072 ew ie BRIO Lene eae 188] 84.4 
12..|May 28.!3.30 p.m..| 832,000)1,18 SHOT mtol se sine 900} 25. | Filter cleaned between 3 and 
; 3.30. 
13. |May ‘uy p.m ....| 832,C00/1.18 Hh PD Ascolese 260} 78.4 
14..|May 23.|4.30 p.m..! 832,000 1.18 “s 5 (eee ie | 176 85.4 
16..|May 24./2.30 p.m..| 832,000 1.18 Z lee 950 lise | 
17..|May 24.|2.35 p.m..} 832,0001.18 “15 Sf .J...... | 164] 82.8 
18..'May 24.|4.20 p.m..| 400,000/No alum ..... 5 ea) Freee 475} 55.8) Filter cleaned about 3 p.m. 
19..'/May 26.19.45 a.m..| 400,000,2 gra. to gal..,.. ...] 1,100)..... |...... 
20..|May 25.|9.45 a.m..} 409,000 2 SS ORE SW ebre aie Nite Beate 160, 85.5 
21..|May 25.|12.25 p.m. egos SCM LEA elt 8s SNM ALIA, 2) 77.3! Filter cleaned about 10 a.m. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


Results of Bactervological Analyses of Thames River. (Unfiltered). 


Date. No. Bacteria per c. c. 
US ICV SETI gel AR hd CE Rg Oe FE, rs SU ry ie a a 3 9,635 
EES COIN ular SO UA 13 SS Ue a 4 10,570 
PUTRI UCD ML temae. <8 sletirer. iat a's oS ereiree teen sae ete OOM wie ee bpciels' Ber 7 9,163 
Pr LOE es poate Arte eenmemgenes SPL tu Aue 8 9,720 
AEST TS ie lee ay BE RRA AE Se Ms. ger a ISSR OES SEES 10 137,175 
PARTI CSTORG ora. con ts cee taee ees eters Neen oe ne es a loa Sy a: 11 4,550 
IVER Ces cata bes eon suitone MM CUR ARE REMI Sates eee ais «chon ace 13 2,340 
LAURA Nh? atc 1,40 cs ers Hen ein pone eM eta eite tics altace e's we 14 2,625 
NER VEDU GBS ck Petes cis SUE Lae at eR RE NT Sante Bee te oO thei 6.6 17 1,284 
WL AVECORIE Dee Mcteci cris eae ebe SARA deme na waren oes v.26 teas 18 | 1,680 
Results of Chemical Analyses of Thames River. 
Appearance : 
os] 
| 
° |Albumenoid ammonia! 2 . ; 
Date. e dual ecatnas | g 3 Solids at 700.6, 
Before After é be & | As 
precipitation. | precipitation. | 9 & r= S 
March 30 ..| Muddy........ Clear?, .) semis hee 0.44 0.266 2.0 5,940 
after precipitation 
0.132 
March 30 ..| Muddy........ Clearcrincs« 0.295 0.438 OV 286! > 2.0 eeeracig sate 
| after precipitation 
| 0.130 
April5 ....| Muddy........ Oleayeses ven: 0.1564 0.340 1.02} 2.0). 
after precipitation { 
0.135 | 
ADI Dees | SOLUACY s srests e's Cleat %a0i' 0.16 0.139 1.00 2.0) 470 
after precipitation | | 
April 17....| Very turbid ..| Clear ....... 0.118 0.3906 1.344} 3.0, 367 
after precipitation | 
0.140 | 
April. 23....| ought turbidity) <3. 2.08 o2.%. 0.028 0.22 1.58 4.0 310 
Mayl...... Slight turbidity|.............. 0.014 0.34 O: 2271" 4: Olea eee 
Wintec CLCALY Se ae antes | achtamps wc ahora 0.023 C.D 4 ental stew 5.0 | Filtered water. 
No. Date. Locality. Bacteria per ¢. c. 
(wep May 22 05 fees as Raleigh well, just as it issues from 
the well. 150 
Saas ves bY abet Ree a Lake Erie, 2 miles out from Ron- a 
deau harbor, surface. : 
Dts ase May 23 ciliates ss Lake Erie, 2 miles out from Ron- Wind southerly. 
deau harbor, 30 ft. below surface. 187 
nee ig Re May:23 Une wees Water from wells into which filtered | 
water is pumped. | 850 


(Analyses by J. J. Mackenzie, B.A.) 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Results of Tests of Hyatt Filter, St. Thomas. ° 


Bacteria per Bacteria per c. c. after 


Date. ore: before Piteation: Filters cleaned. 
tration. 
October 23rd, 1891.. 1,240 44 No. 1, 10 hours before. 
; No. 2, 5 hours before. 
October 24th, 1891.. 1.380 No. 1 filter, 59 Cleaned 10 hours. before. 
No. 2 filter, 270 Cleaned just before taking sample. 
| Both filters, 70 


October 26th, 1891. | 1,545 50 Cleaned as in first case. 
| 


Monthly Averages of Weekly Examination of Toronto Water. (Lake Ontario.) 


Wlarch 18945 96 sehen. ees ee Sea ee ee 5,172 (From city tap.) 
BPE 1 OOE MEL ee acehe tot al snortke pactintee en te Apne 2,353 (Analyses of Mr. Shuttleworth, ) 
May, 1894. fees sg So eee Le Ger Ie See 1,172 


Frankland’s Expervments. (London, Eng.) 


| 
| 


Bacteria perc. c. 


Aree Rate per square 


Material, six inches in depth. Bacteria per c. c. before 


filtration. Gltentign: ft. per hour. 
| 
| 
Ferruginous green sand .............. Initial 80." pep de lees § Viste only atte + | ered arts eee 
After 13 days, 8,000 1,000 .73 gal. 
After 30 days, 1,280 780 Lid ee 
BPONTS POUR Css ise fees silica nl ecen conets Lnitral . SOI SP seis sete ee anietees | ey. Soy Aare ere 
After 1250 ays,2 2,800 Nite ita. sas elere eist ous) tes 0.40 gal. 
After 30 days, 1,280 2 0.45 ‘* 


(Analyses from Massachusetts State Board of Health Report, 1893.) 


Monthly Averages of Bacterial Results showing Normal Hfficiency of Lawrence 
(this is where filter beds of sand and gravel are used for filtering 
water) Uity Filter. 


6 oc 
Bacteria per c. c. AS. 
Snes. 
a) oo. 
Month. he 2 a 
: oes 
River. Effluent. oR ae 
| HOS ao 
| Ay 
1893 
RPC LOW ORS sopetie eso penne ana becca lela ae Rg Sener ela eerie dams ee etter: 8,700 130 1.50 
INGWETROBE ote > icon atncarn sla elecave ctalcscue atten eshte wie a ta dines ate Maher tate eet 7,200 177 2.46 
A OGGM UBL fee's ef. le eS AA Billy BCT LEN cou ate eae ener eran a 9,700 141 1.45 
1894, 
PANUAPY Secretar ck fai iak Bodden oak oe iene ene nara itS ate steen 7,300 140 H 1.92 
HEULUAIV ee cee es Ne ot a oes eee ba © We Rae cr foe 8,000 125 1.56 
{A EW ie! CH \ Bech Sie A HA a OV lid een Ne Gall Cot A Wala ede Wp Re 9 i 7,100 100 1.4) 
DV AN OR la gio atole sie faite id aleve ae A kip iste Deka EDIE eats oh eran aaa 14,700 232 1.58 
ALVOLAGO.G cocte c \ « ssintne vee Meets bate ORR Cre a OTS Se a caer 9,000 150 1.67 


Extent of filter 2.5 acres, normal rate of filtration 2,000,000 gallons per acre in 24 hours. 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


REPORT ON THE PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY FOR THE TOWN OF 
ORANGEVILLE. . 
TORONTO, June 2nd, 1896. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario : 


GENTLEMEN,—Acting under the resolution adopted at the special meeting of 
the Board on May 17th, I visited Orangeville on May 22nd owing to the fact that 
being on a visit of inspection to Orillia regarding scarlatina and diphtheria pre- 
valent there during several previous months, I found it possible to save time by 
going to Orangeville in the same trip. 


Arriving there I met the Mayor and several members of the town council, 
and with them proceeded to inspect the several sources proposed as possible sup- 
plies of public water for the town. 


The first visited was the Ryan, a spring about one and one-half miles from 
the town, to the north of the Mono and Garafraxa road. Its volume was esti- 
mated at 60,000 gallons daily, but its situation was in low ground, not many 
yards below where the farmyard drained toward the ravine in which it rises. 


The second spring was as seen in the rough sketch herewith submitted, the 
Perfect spring, rising in a shallow valley and gathering up from springy land 
below and from another valley into a very considerable stream. Its estimated 
flow on a line with the eastern boundary of the cemetery was 100,000 gallons, 
but a considerable increase is doubtless possible by developing other springs in 
the wet land. Of course there would be a considerable amount of organic mat- 
ter present in that from the bog-land, but as the analyses show, the sample taken 
where the spring appears above is splendid water. It lies to the south of the 
cemetery some 500 or 600 feet with cultivated land between, and is probably 
twenty-five feet lower than the surrounding ground. | 


The third series of springs are what are called the cemetery springs and rise 
in the valley, as seen in the sketch, to the north of the cemetery. There are 
three or more springs flowing out of the bank to the south and the main one in 
the valley farther west. As suggested at the last meeting, the committee had 
had the debris removed, and all of these were discharging a limited water from 
the limestone sands and gravels which here as everywhere in the district overlie 
the blue clay. 

These springs feed the creek which as increased near the side-line has an 
estimated flow of 160,000 gallons per diem. ‘The level is some thirty feet below 
that of the cemetery high ground to the south, and the upper spring is rather 
_ over 100 yards from the nearest grave to the south. The north portion of the 
cemetery has not many graves, and there is a strip of land along the whole north 
side of the cemetery grounds which has not been utilized at all. 

The fourth spring visited was on the east side of the side-line in another 
valley rather farther north. The ground around is wooded and a fine flow of 
water from several springs is seen, these collecting into another creek flowing 
through the town. Other springs, as the Montgomery spring, rise in the area 
between the side-line north and that to the east, the whole of them creating a body 
of water which may, as the town grows, be readily collected and will form one of the 
finest possible sources of public water in the Province, if guarded gainst pollution. 


The chief attention of the local committee and your Secretary was devoted 
to the spring in the valley lying north of the cemetery, since it rising farthest 
west has-a height greater than any other, being, I was informed, thirty feet 
higher than the highest point of the town. 

71 


59 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1886 


What is at once noticeable in the location of all these springs is that they 
rise to the west and northwest of the town under the superficial sand and gravels 
which everywhere overlie the clays or rocks of the central plateau of the Pro- 
vince. 


At this point they all have an easterly trend, those to the north following 
northerly toward Georgian bay, while the others, all of those examined, flow 
southeasterly through the town. It is thus evident that these underlying clays 
have a southerly dip. It is a point of much importance as indicating the direc- 
tion in which it may be in the future found necessary to develop the local sup- 
plies. The gathering ground of each, while locally limited by other ravines, is 
altogether northwesterly to the still higher grounds of the plateau. 


The general location described, the character of the ravine to the north of 
the cemetery may be more exactly described. 


As seen by the diagram, its general direction is northwesterly, 1. e., away 
from the cemetery, being at the westerly line of the latter, probably some twenty 
rods distant. 


The valley beyond the westerly spring has much interest, it being quite dry 
for probably twenty rods, the bottom being overgrown with sod. As, however, 
the valley grows shallower westward, spring ground is seen in two hillsides, each 
of which indicate the level of the clay beneath the sand and gravel. This, with 
the dry character of the valley down to the first spring, indicates that the valley 
has under the sod a porous soil of sand and gravel mixed with humus brought 
down by successive spring aud autumn rains, overlying the blue clay, at the top 
of which the springs appear. This black mold is visible in the westerly spring 
where cleaned out, and accounts for the higher albuminoid ammonia present in 
this than in the other samples. 


The amount of water in sight in the valley at present seems ample for pres- 
ent needs, but the direction of the valley away from the cemetery, and the advis- 
ability of gathering the water in such a manner as to prevent possibility of 
contamination would seem to indicate the desirability of making a series of test- 
pits up the valley, and after determining the presence of water in the hard pan 
up the valley to catch it by a series of field tiles or perforated pipes and collect 
it in a well near the westerly spring, thereby securing absolute freedom from sur- 
face pollution and maintaining it at the low temperature of the ground through- 
out the year, in a manner similar to that practiced at Brantford. 


The analyses, the distance from and the sparseness of the graves, as well as 
the now known absence of danger from cemeteries, except under the crowded con- 
ditions of large cemeteries in the cities of the older countries, seem to dispose at 
once of any possibility of danger from the location of the cemetery ; but in order 
to prevent even the possibility ot future danger, it will be advisable that the 
Board recommend that the area of the cemetery along the north be set apart 
for pasturage or other similar purpose and burial therein prevented. 


It is further recommended that while the source of supply be approved of, it 
be on the condition that the provisions of the plans be such as to insure freedom. 
from local and surface pollution. 


The plans when completed by the engineer will subsequently, under the 
clause of the Act, be submitted to the Board for approval. 


All of which is respectfully submitted, 


HARRY E. VAUX, Chairman. 


PETER H. BRYCE, Secretary. 
72 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


REPORT ON GALT SEWERAGE SYSTEM. 
By THE COMMITTEE ON SEWERAGE. 
Toronto, May 14th, 1895. 
To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario : 


GENTLEMEN,— Your Committee having made arrangements with the com- 
mittee on sewerage of the town council of Galt and with the Medical Health 
Officer, visited Galt on May 10th and made a survey of the topography of the 
town in company of the above committee, the Mayor, and Mr. Chipman, the 
engineer in charge. 


From the full and very complete report prepared by the engineer, it was 
easy to follow the details of the proposed plan and to obtain an accurate idea of 
the various problems involved in carrying out to a successful issue the proposed 
system. 


Your Committee devoted its attention specially to the question of the urgent 
necessity for a sewerage system, as indicated by the site of the town being 
principally on two hillsides inclining toward the Grand river, with an under- 
lying fissured limestone rock cropping out of the east as high as the level of the 
floor of Mill Creek pond, and having a corresponding level on the west as seen 
in the excavation made for the aqueduct of the public water supply. 


The consequence notably on the east side of the river of these inclined rock 
strata is that the subsoil rock contains water reaching practically to the surface 
in some places, cropping out here and there as springs in cellars of the town, and 
in the area lying below. Mill Creek pond cellars even in August having water 
standing in them, in some instances several feet deep; this cellar water being, 
according to the statements of the local committee, worse since the blasting of 
the rock in the laying of the water pipes. 


The other area especially demanding immediate sewerage is one which, in 
addition to the above cause of dampness, is affected during the spring floods and 
heavy freshets by the rise of the water in the river owing to the very shallow 
river bed at several points below the main bridge and dam ; anchor ice may form 
in the spring and an ice jam may raise the water some fifteen feet in the river, 
holding it up for several days at a time. Connections at present made directly 
from cellars to the river’s bank then necessarily result in flooding of cellars with 
sewage or whatever may be driven back or held up by the high water. 


In many of the streets being closely built up the general use of public water 
and the progressive character of the population making them desire bath-rooms, 
water-closets and sinks, will rapidly create a demand and necessity for’ local 
sewers as soon as the main sewers have been constructed. 


With the present population of 7,000 it may be fairly estimated that within 
ten years 5,000 people will be draining into the town sewerage system, and the 
Committee has had to consider that feature of the engineer’s report dealing with 
the disposal of the sewage. The Committee wholly agrees with that portion of 
the report which proposes a main sewer on either bank for receiving all the 
laterals, and thus completely preventing the present unsightly pollution of the 
banks of the stream by some twenty-five privies, private drains, sewers from 
large factories, ete. 


73 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 : 


Those portions of the report detailing how the sewage can be pumped by 
small steam plants on either side, thus preventing the flooding of cellars in flood 
time, while providing for the raising of the sewage to whatever peint it may be 
found most advantageous to develop a sewage farm, are simple, scientific and will 
no doubt per‘orm efficiently the work intended. 


The report further very fully and exhaustively discusses the drainage areas 
of the river, the conditions of the river at different periods of the year, the dams 
which affect the distribution of the water, the various polluting agencies, and the 
probable amount of water at the time of minimum flow, which always happens 
in hot weather when local nuisance is likely to be greatest. The report points 
out that with a population of 7,000 such a point of pollution will not be reached 
for some years when a local nuisance observable to the senses may be caused. 


If we estimate the amount of sewage at fifty gallons per head for 5,000 
people, we have 220,000 per diem or less than thirty cubic feet of sewage per 
second ; that is at the minimum flow given by the engineer, there would be one 
part of sewage to 200 parts of water. 


It may, therefore, fairly be concluded that if, with the minimum flow, a pipe 
delivering sewage into the middle of the river will cause no nuisance perceptible 
to the senses, that in cooler weather and higher water no trouble from such a 
source is possible, 


Your Committee has, however, further considered that portion of the report 
dealing with the disposition of sewage on a sewage farm. 


From the estimate given it is very evident that in the comparatively small 
stream of the Grand the water is approaching very much nearer to a point at 
which it will be recognized as more polluted than any other of our rivers with 
which the Board has had to deal, excepting the Thames, immediately below 
London. Guelph, fifteen miles above, is preparing plans for sewerage; Fergus 
probably will some day have sewers ; Berlin and Waterloo effluents, after puri- 
fication more or less complete, reach the Grand; Hespeler and Preston factory 
wastes reach the river; while below Galt Paris is polluting the stream to some 
slight extent and Brantford to a much larger extent. We have to realize that in 
almost every case these manufacturing centres are growing while the stream is 
certainly lessening; and though infinitely pure as compared with the ordinary 
streams of English manufacturing centres, yet, with years, general use of the 
stream for sewerage may be expected to reach a point where its presence is per- 
ceptible. 


Dealing with the immediate question of Galt sewage, it may be said that it 
will not, however, be present in the stream greater to any notable degree for 
several years than at present, for experience in Brantford and elsewhere has 
shown that house connections are not numerously made at first, owing to the 
idea that plumbing is costly. Inasmuch, however, as the impression likely to be 
made on any person along the stream below Galt, is that sewers are different 
from drains which have existed, your Committee followed the course of the river 
from Galt to Glen Morris, a course of six miles. It is a beautiful valley with 
the high lands sloping to the river bank, with outerops of rocks here and there, 
and springs flowing from every hill-side. There is altogether a considerable area 
of bottom lands which would be temporarily covered in flood-time; and which 
might very easily become seeded with anthrax, if any polluted material of this 
kind came from tanneries or woollen mills. The tannery in Galt at present uses 
only Canadian hides, free from any dangers of this sort, and it is only certain 
foreign wools which seem to be dangerous, otherwise the fivoding of the lands 


74 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1898 


will be a benefit, depositing thereon organic matter as a fertilizer, and we are not 
aware that any other insanitary results have ever come from such occasional 
deposits. 

The abundance of springs everywhere would seem to supply abundant 
water, should any farmer fear for his cattle from the use of the stream; while 
nowhere is a house within this area situated conveniently for using the water 
even were it necessary. 


With these facts before it, your Committee begs to make the following 
recommendations : 


1. That the plans and details of the proposed sewerage system for the town 
of Galt, as set forth in the report of Mr. W. Chipman, the engineer in charge, be 
approved of, as being such as to meet the sanitary requirements of the town. 


2. That from the facts therein set forth and from the Committee’s own cal- 
culations, it would recommend that the engineer’s recommendations with regard 
to the disposition of the sewage during the period of construction of the works, 
subject to the condition that the town council obtain the consent of the municipal 
_ authorities of North Dumfries, the municipality whose territory lies contiguous 
to the town on the south and through which the Grand river flows be adopted. 


3. That the municipal council of the town of Galt shall require the disin- 
fection of the effluent before discharge into the river of the sewage from any 
tannery or woollen mill in which South American, South African or Syrian hides 
or wools are used. 


4. That the town council may discharge the sewage into the Grand river 
at the point indicated in the engineer’s report, under the conditions set forth in 
the preceding clauses of these recommendations, and on the distinct understand- 
ing that it shall proceed to the completion of the system by the preparation and 
use of the sewage farm for the reception of the sewage, whenever the Provincial 
Board of Health, after investigation of any complaints, shall determine the same 
to be necessary in the interests of the public health. 


All of which is respectfully submitted. 
PETER H, BRYCE, 


HARRY KE. VAUX, 
KE, G. KITCHEN, 
J. D. MACDONALD, 


Committee. 


REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOODS AND DRINKS, re INSPECTION 
OF CATTLE, MEAT AND MILK. 


Toronto, February 10th, 1896. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Provvacial Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN,— Your Committee on Foods and Drinks has had under con- 
sideration the question which was discussed very fully at the last annual meeting 
of the Executive Health Officers Association in Belleville in August, 1895, and at 
which a strong resolution was passed urging legislative action in the matter 
of the inspection of cattle and meat and milk intended for human food. The 
existing Public Health Act has in section 99 and the amendments thereto, given 
very extended powers to local boards of health to deal with the matter, and 


75 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35)” A 1896 


$ 


includes the principal provisions which, from time to time, have been included in 
the Municipal Act giving power to municipal councils to pass by-laws regarding 
the inspection of foods. 


1. Legal Power to Inspect.—In practise, however, the powers given to local 
boards have not been exercised to the extent which they might have or should 
have been; but this neglect has largely been due to the lack of means and of 
officers supplied to local boards by the various municipal councils. As has been 
frequently stated, this neglect applies equally to the other duties laid upon local 
boards, if we except the good work of many boards in restricting the spread of 
contagious diseases of the acute kind. There can be no doubt, however, that the 
important reason for the inaction has been that the inspection of both cattle, 
meat and milk, requires knowledge of a special kind, and facilities for making 
thorough inspections, which exist in our several municipalities, only to a very 
limited degree. 


We learn that there were in Ontario in 1893: 


Workin goxen ge: facet ey oe easee eke t iens Cotee ee nae 5,254 
Mileh? cows e325. 0 ees ee ee ee ee ee 803,598 
Store cattle (over two years) ................ 378,014 
Vonune' cattle’ n cyte heey tide elas or. ee ee 871,016 


or a total cattle population of 2,067,882 in Ontario, and that there were in the 
same year 1,935,938 sheep and 1,012,022 hogs. We can see, in order that an over- 
sight of 5,000,000 animals be undertaken, that this would mean the institution of 
measures of an extent which, with our accustomed methods, at present seems 
beyond the question of possibility—some might say of necessity. The farmer of 
ordinary intelligence must be supposed to have sufficient interest in the well-being 
of his stock to see that should disease of an acute contagious kind appear, active 
measures would be instituted to prevent a more or less complete loss of this 
source of wealth. 

When we find, however, that of this total number of animals 461,501 cattle, 
616,237 sheep and 976,358 hogs were sold, we must realize, inasmuch as all may 
practically be considered as having been sold for the supply of either meat or 
milk, that the condition of health of these animals at the time of slaughter must. 
have an intimate relation to the health of those persons to whom they are 
supplied for food. 

Of this total, we find that 107,224 cattle, 360,509 sheep (pigs not. 
given) according to the Dominion Year Book, were sold for export, and that 
8,190,434 pounds of meat, and 118,589,829 pounds of dairy products were sent 


to foreign countries The question, therefore, of the health of these animals 


becomes one of prime importance, equally from the commercial and public health 
standpoint. Assuming for the moment that the importing countries are likely, by 
their laws, to exercise a due supervision of the animals, carcases and meat and 
dairy products received by them, we may properly enquire what is the situation 
with regard to the meat and milk consumed by our own people. 


Assuming the approximate correctness of the above returns, we may con- 
clude that the balance of the animals sold were for the supply of meat and milk 
of our own people. It becomes a difficult matter for calculation as to how many 
of these were utilized in supplying milk to our non-rural population. We are 
enabled in some degree to calculate the total number from data, relating to the 
total animals necessary to supply a given number of customers. I find that in 
the enquiry into the milk supply of Brantford, the several public milkmen sup- 
plied 2,021 families, or 10,000 persons. On the basis of five quarts per animal 

76 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


per diem and one quart per family, 400 cows would be required to supply the 
town with milk. On the basis of 807,000 of a non-rural population in our 
cities, towns and villages, we would require some 32,000 milch cows to supply 
the needs of the population, distributed throughout 478 municipalities. In sup- 
plying milk for the production of some 100,000,000 pounds of cheese, 343,372 
cows were utilized, so that the balance of nearly 400,000 cows were either 
employed in the manufacture of butter or were exported. For consumption as 
meat, we find that since there were 461,001 cattle sold, there were probablv 
slaughtered for home consumption some 300,000, allowing that Ontario exported 
sixty per cent. of the total of 107,224 sent from Canada in 1893. We thus see 
that the number of animals demanding inspection as directly employed in sup- 
plying human food in Ontario is very large indeed. We have seen that there are 
478 rural municipalities, so that the inspection demanded would be some 600 
cattle to every municipality, or some 650 cattle per 1,000 on a per capita basis of 
population. 

2. The Needs for Inspection.—It is now two years since your Board had 
printed and distributed 10,000 copies of a very complete report, with the main 
facts up to that date known with regard to the causation, distribution and pre- 
valence of tuberculosis both in men and animals. The conclusions and recom- 
mendations contained in that report regarding tuberculosis in cattle, summed 
up, were: 


Inspection of cattle : 
(a) At abattoirs, both of animals and carcases. 
(b) Of cow byres, and of milk. 
(c) Of cows by tuberculine test. 


Tsolution of infected animals : 
(a) Separation of infected animals. 
(b) Ventilation of stables. 
(c) Food and water prevented from becoming infected. 
(d) Disinfection of stables, utensils, ete. 


Quarantine : 
(a) Of all imported animals. 
(b) Of all acute contagious diseases in native cattle. 


Since that time the great importance of the subject, both from the commer- 
cial and sanitary point of view, has caused progressive governments both in 
Europe and America, to take steps, not only to obtain greater information 
regarding the disease, but to institute measures for the eradication of tubercu- 
losis in cattle. Already (in 1896) France requires the tuberculine test to be 
applied to all cattle imported to that country. 

Since the publication of that report in 1894 the results of systematic work 
have established still more firmly every position then taken.* 


Amongst the most notable publications upon this subject to date are: 

1st. The full reports of the congress for study of tuberculosis held in_ 1888-1893, in Paris, and an 
elaboration of Nocard’s views, (Prof. in the Alfort Veterinary College, France), in a work on ‘‘ The 
Animal Tuberculoses,” brought up to date in 1895. 

2nd. The conclusions of the Royal Commission on Tuberculosis, England, published early in 1895. 

3rd. The published proceedings of the Massachusett’s State Cattle Commission during 1894, and which 
are printed very fully in the report appearing 1n 1895, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), } A, 1896 


At this time it would seem almost unnecessary to quote any statements from 
these various sources, were it not that there would seem to be a determined attempt 
on the part of certain persons and newspapers in Ontario, speaking in some 
cases with authority, to minimize the importance of this scientific work, by 
using the very arguments which in past years have in succession been used 
against the contagiousness of every disease, which we now accept without ques- 
tion. Within ten years physicians, as witnesses in courts of law in this Pro- 
vince, have asserted that scarlet fever and diphtheria were not contagious ; and 
twenty-five years ago smallpox was treated in the wards of our general hospitals. 
With tuverculosis in cattle, the old argument is being used, “it has always 
been and we have gotten along with it, and since we are not all dead, let us rest 
and be thankful.” 


We knov, however, that smallpox can be stamped out, and that commer- 
cially it pays a hundred times over to act promptly in the first case; and sim- 
ilarly it will soon be found that it pays to stamp out tuberculosis.* 


The following truths, half-truths or actual mis-statements, selected from 
newspaper articles, illustrate what has been referred to. 


Statement I. The report of competent and skilled experts have shown beyond 
a doubt that there is in this country very little tuberculosis. 


Statement 2. The Agricultural Department of the Dominion has taken every 
precaution to prevent the importation to Canada of cattle affected with any of 
these diseases. 


Statement 3. Tuberculosis is not always infectious, while pleuro-pneumonia 
is both infectious and contagious. ; 


Statement 4. Galtier of France, fed pigs with the raw flesh of tuberculous 
cows, but failed to infect them. 


Statement 5. Nocard fed several litters of kittens with the raw flesh of 
tuberculous cows, but failed to infect them. 


Statement 6. Peironcito of Naples, fed eighteen pigs during five months on 
the flesh of tuberculous cattle, but they did not become infected. 


Statement 7. Peuch fed two pigs five days on milk drawn from the udder of 
a tuberculous cow, and slaughtered them fitty-six days afterwards, but no signs 
of tuberculosis were found 


Statement 8. The eminent experimenters, Nocard, Bollinger and McFaydean, 
claim there is practically no danger in using milk from a tuberculous cow, so 
long as the udder is not involved, and the same is claimed by most American 
experimenters. 


Statement 9. Prof. Law of Cornell, Ithaca, N. Y., carried on a series of 
experiments over a year ago, and came to the same conclusion. 


Statement 10. Herschenger of Germany, inoculated rabbits in the abdominal 
cavity, even with the milk from tuberculous udders, and then only about forty- 
five per cent. contracted the disease. 


Statement 11. In view of these facts we certainly believe that the Provincial 
Health authorities should go slowly in killing farmers’ cattle as reported. 


* Centralblatt, May, 1896.—Denmark, in April, 1893, passed an Act setting aside 50,000 crowns a year 
for five years for testing young cattle with tuberculin. It was not made compulsory, but the test was. 
supplied free. Not much was attempted at first, but it became so popular that cows of all ages were soon 
being tested. By Oct., 1895, or in about two years, Prof. Bang reports having inspected 1,972 herds, con- 
taining 53,313. Of these 15% only of herds were found free from cases of tubercle. The work had become 
so popular, all asking for it, that the grant of 50,000 crowns has been increased to 100,000, 


78 


a 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Statement 12. We are told by some that the only reliable means for detect- 
ing the disease is by subjecting each and every cow to the tuberéulin test. These 
are the tests made at Warkworth, and it appears that our Ontario men of science 
seem more ready to accept this theory of inspection than those of foreign coun- 
tries, 

Statement 13. A note in “ Hood’s Dairyman” is quoted as saying, “ that the 
Swiss Government has refused to enforce a by-law making the tuberculin test 
compulsory, since to use it greatly increases the danger to human life, by exciting 
latent tuberculosis into actioa, which would destroy the animal and render the 
milk dangerous for human consumption. 


Statement 14. Prof. Nocard of the Veterinary School, considers tuberculin 
valuable as a diagnostic, but further says of it, its use is yet in the experimental 
stage. 


Let us examine what are the facts in relation to each of these statements ? 
With regard to the first we are not aware of any systematic inspection of cattle 
that has been made in any of the Provinces of the Dominion. 


In the report of 1894, of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, Prof. D. 
McKachren, chief inspector, states regarding tuberculosis, “I regret to have to 
report that this disease continues to appear to be increasing among our herds, 
judging from the frequent reports and correspondence on the subject. I have 
pleasure in stating, however, that the percentage of affected herds in Canada _-is 
perhaps lower than in any other country, as is seen by the s‘all number of cases 
met with during the examination of hundreds of lungs at the abattoirs and 
boucheries.” 

“It is as yet quite within the lines of possible extermination for a compara- 
tively small outlay for inspectors, tuberculin and indemnity. I would strongly 
suggest that Parliament be asked to vote the money necessary to rid Canada of 
the plague, worse by far than even contagious plewro-pnewmonia.” 


“T beg to report that all imported cattle are tested by tuberculin before ° 
being discharged from quarantine.” 

It is to be hoped that the conclusion of the chief inspector, that there is 
probably less tuberculosis in Canada than in any other country, is correct ; but it 
is to be feared that the exact experiments made in the herds at different govern- 
mental farms will not bear out this opinion. 


A statement in the report of the New York State Cattle Commission on 
tuberculosis in 1891, may perhaps be quoted here. ‘Tuberculosis in cattle, has 
been found to exist wherever examinations have been made. There are, of course, 
many herds entirely tree from it, yet it has been found to exist oftentimes by 
our Commissioner where least expected.” 

In the report of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, Prof. Saunders 
Director of Experimental Faring, states that after the tuberculin test aud subse 
quent post-mortem examinations there were at the 


Brandon Farm ..... 28 animals 21 animals proved tuberculous 75 per cent. 

Indian Head Farm... 39 “ (3nottested) 13 “s os 33 ne 

NApDANIy Nutkecsits. 45 39 s 10 es my 26 $ 

Agassiz, B.O.-e.)./ 18 eons 5 nd 28 a 
124 49 40 hee 


In Statement 3 it is stated that tuberculosis is not always infectious. If by 
this we are to understand that in any animal, the disease from its beginning 


79 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


until its termination, is not contagious in every stage, there is doubtless an ele- 
ment of truth in the statement, but Prof. Nocard’s remark will eause us to best 
understand, the wisdom of making such a generalization. He says: 


“Tuberculosis is the type of chronic diseases, its evolution is extremely slow 
and may last for years. 1t is found in animals which have exhibited no derange- 
ment of their general health, which have shown no falling off as regards fatten- 
ing or the power of giving milk. Sometimes, after remaining latent for a long 
tame, the desease all at once exhibits parvaysms and more or less lasting exacer- 
bations, which succeed one unother at gradually lessening intervals, and end by 
exhausting the animal.” 


“ Over-driving, prolonged lactation, foods of a bad quality, or some severe 
inter current malady, are the usual causes of these exacerbations.” 


Finally, “when the tuberculosis becomes general, the development of the 
disease is extremely rapid, galloping, so to speak, as in the acute phthisis of man. 
The fever is lighted up, never to be extinguished The animals sink visibly, and 
succumb in a few weeks, in a state of marasmus and exhaustion.” “ Death is 
the almost certain termination of bovine tuberculous.” (Nocard 1895). 


In Statements 4 and 4, we find that Galtier of France, Peroncito of Turin, 
and Prof. Nocard are said to have fed pigs and kittens with the raw flesh of 
tuberculous cows, and failed to infect them. Now in the work of Prof. Nocard 
(1895), these additional experiments are referred to as follows: 


“Two pigs, five to six months old, were able to eat with impunity consider- 
able quantities of condemned meat. Two kilogrammes on February 26th and 
27th ; three kilogrammes, on March 14th and 15th; three kilogrammes, on March 
24th and 25th; and two kilogrammes, on March 27th and 28th. Thus these four 
animals, whose great receptivity is undoubted, both as to age and species, were 
able to eat repeatedly large quantities of tuberculous meat without any of them 
taking the disease.” “This result is all the more impressive from the fact that 
‘two out of the fourteen samples of meat used for the experiments caused tuber- 
culosis in rabbits where the juice was inoculated.” 


The explanation of these results is fully detailed in the report of the Royal 
Commission (England) 1895, appointed to “Enquire into the effect of food derived 
from tuberculous animals on human health.” 


It states, “ we have now to point out the very great difference in one and 
another part of a tuberculous animal in the amount of tuberculous matter con- 
tained in the meat. This matter is found principally in the organs of the animals; 
as a rule, most abundantly in the lungs, lymphatic glands, serous membranes, but 


often in the liver, spleen, kidneys, intestines and other structures. These organs: 


are usually removed by the butcher in ‘dressing’ the carcase, though some of 
them may, intent-onally or not be left. To a practised eye, it is hardly possible 
that tuberculous matter in these organs can escape detection, and the importance 
of its presence there will soon be apparent,” 


“For, in the tissues which go to form the butcher’s ‘joint’ the material of 
tubercle is not often found, even where the organs exhibit very advanced or 
generalized tuberculosis ; indeed, in muscle and muscle juice, it is very seldom 
that bacilli are to be met with ; perhaps they are somewhat more often to be dis- 
covered in bone, or in some small lymphatic gland imbedded in intermuscular 
fat. Yet there is always a difficulty in making sure of the absence of tuberculous 
matter from any part of a carcase that shows evidence of tubercle elsewhere.” 

4 


80 


a ek 
mS 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


—_—_—_——- —$—a 


“In Dr. Sydney Martin’s experiments for the detection of tuberculous matter, 
three kinds of tests were employed; first, minute examination of the part for 
tubercle, with the aid of the microscope to discover tubercle bacilli ; secondly, 
feeding susceptible animals, test animals, with suspected matter ; and, thirdly, 
introducing into the bodies of test animals some of the suspected matter by 
way of inoculation, a more delicate test than the process of feeding. 


“ Applying these tests to the meat substance of twenty-one cows known to 
be tuberculous in one or another degree, he could not get visible evidence of 
tubercle except in two instances, and there it was of very small amount, He 
records the results of his other tests as follows:—‘Of eight cows (mild tuber- 
culosis), the meat of one gave positive results in one animal from inoculation : 
none by feeding. Of eight cows (moderate tuberculosis), the meat of three gave 
positive results in four animals from inoculation; none by feeding. Of five cows 
(generalized tuberculosis), four gave positive results either by inoculation or by 
feeding, one only out of the four appearing to answer to both tests. 


“The animals which have yielded affirmative results to his test of minute 
examination were not among the last five, and had given no result by feeding 
test animals with meat from their carcases, though meat from one of the two had, 
upon inoculation, responded to the test.” 


“Taking all the results together, the method of removal of the meat, the 
results of inoculation and of feeding, one is driven to the conclusion that when 
meat is infective, it commonly acquires its properties by being accidently con- 
taminated with tuberculous material during its removal from the carcase. This 
conclusion, it is evident, is one of great practical importance, bearing directly on 
the question of the condemnation of the meat of tuberculous cattle for human 
consumption. And it is evident, also, that the infective properties ot meat might 
vary with different series of experiments, the result depends on the care taken 
im guarding against contamination more than on anything else. The conclusion 
arrived at in part explains the extremely divergent results obtained by Previous 
observers.” 


“Having regard to Dr. Martin’s invariable failure to produce tubercular 
disease by feeding (though he sometimes did succeed by inoculating) test animals 
with the meat taken by him from cows with mild or moderate tuberculosis, and 
admitting his explanation of an affimative result, sometimes seen when meat was 
being taken from cattle with advanced or generalized tubercle, we are prepared 
to believe with him that, if sufficient discrimination and care were exarcised in 
taking meat from tuberculous cattle, a great deal of meat from them might, with- 
out danger, be consumed by the community. The practice of public abattoirs on 
the continent appears to be fownded on the sume belief.” 


Statement 7 is made that Peuch fed two pigs for five days with milk, 
and did not infect them. Dr. Woodhead (Royal Commission report), finds that 
guinea pigs succumbed to tuberculous milk, although it was heated tu 80°C for 
ten minutes, 


The report quotes Woodhead :—* It cannot be too strongly insisted on that 
so long as a single animal is affected with tuberculosis, on injection of the tuber- 
cular milk, so long must the milk be held to be dangerous.” 


The Commission’s opinion is:—‘“ And in view of the demonstrated dangers 
of milk from tuberculous udders, and the possibility of such dangers having to 
be encountered by human children, amongst other animals, we cannot hesitate to 
assent to Dr. Woodhead’s doctrine.” 


6 H. 81 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896, 


Statement 8 and 9, which is made, that the eminent experimenters 


Nocard, Bollinger and McFadygean claim there is practically no danger from a, 


tuberculous cow, with no tubercle of the udder. is answered in the following 
statement :—“ Dr. Martin (Royal Commission), had seventeen cows fov experi- 
ment, fifteen judged tuberculous, two not tuberculous, and were so proved on 
post-mortem.” 

“ Of the four cows in which the udder disease proved to be non-tubercular, 
two showed tuberculosis of the internal organs, and two showed no tuberculosis 
anywhere.” “If reliance, therefor, be placed on the general condition of the cow, 
and on the physical examination of the udder, an accurate diagnosis of tubercular 
disease of the udder is not possible. Dr. Martin further writes:—‘The milk of 
cows with tuberculosis of the udder possesses a virulence which can only be 
‘described as extraordinary.’ ” 

“Dr. Woodhead again reports :—“ A most important point is that the spread 
of tubercles in the udder goes on with most alarming rapidity. This I was able 
to observe in the cows constantly under observation.” 


The latest reports from prominent United States experts, such as those con- 
tained in the last report of the Massachusetts Board of Cattle Commissioners, 
printed in 1895, may be summed up in the following quotation : 


“Tuberculosis is a contagious disease, and if an animal has one tubercle in it, 
who will say that the animal is not already contaminated? Experience has 
satisfied this Commission that: there is but one course to pursue, and that is to 
destroy all of the animals in which tuberculosis is present regardless of the 
degree.” , 

Statements 11, 12, 18 and 14 bearing upon the value of tuberculin as 
a diagnostic agent, and the expression of opinion as to the scientific correct- 
ness of the opinion of this Board in advising taking any action on the 
results of the tuberculin test, may be dismissed with the following quotations : 


Prof, Nocard, in his recent work, 1895, page 47, states:—“In all of the 
cases (except tuberculosis of respiratory tract), when tuberculosis is confined to 
the abdominal organs, to serous membranes, or to the glands of cavities, all these 
methods (already given for diagnosis) are inapplicable, and until lately the 
veterinary surgeon remained powerless. He could have suspicions, but had no 
means.of acquiring certainty. It is not the same to-day, for we have in tuber- 
‘culin a certain means of making the diagnosis of tuberculosis even when the 
signs are quite recent and limited.” 

In the Royal Commission, 1895 (England), Prof. McFaydean, a most con- 
servative experimenter, says :—“I have no hesitation in saying that taking full 
account ot its imperfections, tuberculin is the most valuable means of diagnosis 
in tuberculosis that we possess.” 

In the report of Commission on tuberculosis in cattle (New York, 1895), of 
which Prof. Law of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., is a member, it is stated :— 
“ As a means of diagnosis, tuberculin is so accurate that a competent veterinarian 
can now point out any diseased animal. This agent is sensitive when tuber- 
culous’ processes are present, and the action following its use is practically certain ; 


and moreover this agent is perfectly harmless in non-tuberculous animals.” 


“ Prof. Law, a member of the Commission has experimented with it, and reports 
that no outward effects are produced by tuberculin in test cases, in cattle that are 
free from tuberculosis.” 


This same report, contrary to the statement attributed to Prof. Law in 


statement already given, says:—“Tuberculous cattle are valuable to the state 
82 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}. A. 1896 


only when dead, and inspection and confiscation can never be detrimental to the 
interests of the honest dairyman, especially if liberal compensation were granted 
under well defived conditions.” 


The report of the Massachusetts Cattle Commissioners, Massachusetts, 
printed in 1895, says:—“If tuberculin is as efficient as this Commission and 
others who have used it in large quantities believe it to be, it simply puts in our 
hands an accurate means of determining the existence of the disease.” 


From this review of the scientific views held by the most expert investiga- 
tors of the subject of tuberculosis in cattle, it is abundantly apparent that in no 
way have the additional experiments altered the bearing of the facts upon the 
position of the subject since the report to this Board was published in 1894. 


We have dealt with the subject of tuberculosis at length ; but as pointed out 
in: the last report of the Board, the danger from diseased meat, due to other 
causes, has for years been considered of great importance and has been subject to 
regulations of various kinds. The report states : | 


“Ordinarily exposed to the contaminated air of slaughterhouses, and the im- 
pure surface of blocks, floors, cloths and knives, the meat is at once inoculated 
with the bacteria of putrefaction present in infinite numbers. What names these 
bear is immaterial for our purpose ; what they produce is of supreme importance. 
All are popularly aware of the dangers from a cut of the dissecting knife, and 
not less real are the dangers from wounds produced by inoculations of impure 
material on butchers’ knives and blocks. But in addition to the dangers of 
infection from certain mierobes, there are produced in the favorable conditions of 
dirty slaughterhouses, in the washings of the floors, in blood, offal and other 
tissues left to putrefy or be thrown out into hog-pens to be partially eaten and then 
to putrefy, not only the microbes but their products as ptomaines, or products of 
dead tissues and the gases which render the air in their neighborhood a veritable 
valley of Tophet. The effects of these conditions on the health of the animals 
subjected thereto is in a general way comprehended from the well-known effects 
of decomposing organic matters in stables and in poultry-yards, being frequently 
seen in the latter in outbreaks of choleraic diseases in fowls. But whether appre- 
ciable in practice on hogs, there can be no doubt of their influence upon residents 
living in the vicinity of slaughterhouses and pig-pens. Allied to these is that 
most noisome of nuisances, a knackery. The volatile compounds from the decom- 
position of flesh, whether of animals or of fish, have too long been recognized as 
noxious to permit of any question as to their being nuisances in the sense of ren- 
dering the enjoyment of,life and property uncomfortable ; but their positive influ- 
ence in causing malaise, nausea and diarrhoea must be considered as unfortunately 
too well proven to admit of discussion. That they play another potent influence 
in giving to specific disease a serious or even fatal character has now been equally 
well proven by positive experiments.” 


With these facts before us, we may now turn to some of the remedies which 
have been proposed for lessening the dangers to the public health resulting from 
the existence of disease in cattle. 

3. Remedies for lesseniny dangers to the public. The present position of the 
English Act in regard to tuberculosis is seen in the further report of Prof. 
Brown, of the Agricultural Department of the Local Government Board of Great 
Britain, added to the report’of the Royal Commission already referred to. 


83 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


“For some years past complaints have been made of losses inflicted on stock- 
owners, owing to the seizure and confiscation of carcases of animals found to ve 
more or less affected with tubercle on post mortem examination, although during 
life they had not exhibited any symptoms of the disease. 


“It was frequently urged that tuberculosis should be included among the 
diseases which were dealt with under the provisions of the Contagious Diseases 
(Animals) Acts, but it was not shown how the provisions of these Acts could be 
made to apply to the losses which were the subject of complaint. The matter was 
not, however, dismissed without due consideration of all the circumstances. 


«Early in 1888 the Lord President appointed a Departmental Committee to 
consider, among other matters, the best method of dealing with tuberculosis, with 
a view of checking the progress of the disease ; the committee reported ‘that, in 
their opinion, tuberculosis should be included in the diseases in the Contagious 
Diseases (Animals) Acts for the purpose of slaughter and compensation for the 
seizure and slaughter of diseased animals exposed in markets or fairs, and there 
was also a recommendation to the effect that it should be made an indictable 
offence to breed from animals which were known to be affected with tubercle. 


“These recommendations were not adopted by the Privy Council on account 
of serious difficulties which were emphasized in the report relating to diagnosis, 
compensation in the case of pedigreed cattle and the improbability of the disease 
being finally extinguished ; indeed the committee only ventured to express a hope 
that tuberculosis might gradually be reduced to its extent. These points are dis- 
cussed at length in the annual report of the Vete.inary Department for the year 
1888. 

“ Meanwhile the seizure and destruction of carcases of animals found to be 
affected with tubercle were strictly carried into effect in some districts, and in 
April, 1890, the matter was brought prominently under the notice of the Govern- 
ment by a large and representative deputation which waited on the President of 
the Local Government Board and the President of the Board of Agriculture to 
urge that something should be done to recoup farmers and meat salesmen for 
losses sustained by what they considered to be the necessary confiscation of car- 
cases only slightly affected with tubercle. 


“In reply, the members of the deputation were assured that their represen- 
tations should be carefully considered, and in July of the same year a Royal Com- 
mission on Tuberculosis was appointed by Royal Warrant ‘To inquire and report 
what is the effect, if any, of food derived from tuberculous animals on human 
health ; and, if prejudicial, what are the circumstances and conditions with regard 
to tuberculosis in the animal which produce that effect upon man.’ 


« After a long and careful inquiry the Commission was enabled to answer 
the questions suggested in the reference as far as it is possible to answer them. 


“ Numerous experiments which were conducted by experts acting under the 
direction of the Commission left no room for doubt as to the ability of meat from 
tuberculous animals to act prejudicially on animals which consumed it in a raw 
or imperfectly cooked state. | 


“Undoubtedly the chief grievance of the meat salesman is the seizure and 
destruction of the carcases of animals which immediately before slaughter were, 
or at least appeared to be, in perfect health and good. condition. To avoid this 
sacrifice of what the witnesses considered to be wholesome food they suggested 
that a strict inspection of animals before slaughter should be insisted on, and 
that the authorities should take possession of all diseased animals and compensate 
the owners. 

S4 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35 ). A. 1896 


“The very obvious abuses with which such a system would soon be associ- 
ated need not be referred to in detail. With the present improved means of 
diagnosis one benefit would doubtless be gained. Zuwberculous animals might be 
removed to slaughterhouses, reserved for the purpose, in which the proper means 
might be provided for destroying or sterilizing meat as might be necessary with- 
out any risk of contaminating the carcases of healthy animals. 


“There would be difficulties to be overcome in carrying the proposed method 
into effect, but it need not be assumed that the scheme is impracticable. 


“In regard to the question of compensation, which from the point of view 
of stock-owners and meat salesmen is an essential feature of the scheme, [ can 
only remark that the subject is so entirely outside the terms of the reference that 
I should not feel justified in offering suggestions. I may, however, be permitted 
to remark that the hardships of which meat traders complain would be materi- 
ally lessened under a properly regulated system of meat inspection by persons 
competent to judge as to the extent and character of the tuberculous deposits, 
and to devise and carry into effect the necessary means for preventing the acci- 
dental contamination of meat in the way which has been described ” 


Briefly stated the following are the chief laws regulating the importation, 
transportation and protection against disease of the herds of cattle ot different 
countries and states. 


New York State Cattle Commission, 1892.—1. Inspectors shall try and find 
animals suspected of tuberculosis. 


2. An order to destroy shall be obeyed. 

3. Inspectors are to order quarantine, isolation or any other measures which 
are considered necessary. 

4. Inspector shall advise President of Commission when animals are to be 
killed. 

5. Animals are ticketed (by lock and chain). 

6. Noone can tell the moment when latent tuberculosis may become general: 

7. No country has ever stamped out an animal plague except by killing. 


Massachusetts, 1894. Laws guiding Cattle Commission.—1. All animals are 
subject to quarantine until they have been inspected and released by inspector. 


2. Every animal which, in the opinion of the inspector, is affected with 
tuberculosis, must be slaughtered. 


3 All animals free from tuberculosis or other contagious disease, shall be 
branded with the seal of the Cattle Commissioner. 


4. The Cattle Commissioners propose to undertake a systematic inspection 
of all herds in the State. 


5. The plan of operation will be the examination of all cattle, by the tuber- 
culin test, followed by the extermination of all diseased animals, disinfection of 
contaminated premises, and fixed quarantine regulations. 


Maine Laws.—Sec. 1. The owner or other person having charge of any 
animal, or meat or milk of any animal affected with tuberculosis or other con- 
tagious or infectious disease, who, knowing that the animal is thus affected, shall 
hold the animal, or its meat or milk, for human food, shall be liable, on convic- 
tion, to a fine of not less than five dollars nor more than fifty doliars. 


85 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Nc. 35). A. 1896 


Sec. 2. Whenever a local board of health or its executive officer has notice 
of, or suspects the existence of, a case of tuberculosis or of glanders in domestic 
animals, such board or officer shall forthwith invesvigate or cause to be investi- 
yated the truth of such notification or the grounds for such suspicion; and if 
there appear to be good grounds for believing that such desire is present, the 
local board of health, or its executive officer, shall notify the State Cattle Com- 
missioners, reciting in said notification the grounds for their belief or suspicion. 
And it shall be the duty of the owner or other person having charge of any 
animal which he knows or suspects to be affected, to notify the local board of 
health at once. 


English Laws.—Importation and transportation of cattle to England are 
regulated by general orders of Privy Council under Contagious Diseases (Animals) 
as to— 


(a) Landing of animals. 

(6) Quarantine. 

(c) Most from Canada and United States are landed at Liverpool. 

(d) No restriction of native cattle except in scheduled infected districts. 


This Act requires all railway cars, carriages, and pens to be lime-washed and 
purified before two o’clock on the day following their use or before being used again 
for any purpose in scheduled districts. The importance of the inspection is seen 
in the fact that there were landed (1893) at Liverpool annually some 400,000 
cattle ; 383,000 sheep ; 156,000 swine; 163,000 tons of fresh and compressed meat. 


The general powers of municipalities to make by-laws, re abattoirs and 
slaughterhouses are as follows: 


| 1. Any urban sanitary authority may, if they think proper, provide slaughter- 
houses. They must make laws for the management and eharge for the use of 
the same. 


2. Many local Acts provide against the slaughtering of animals elsewhere than 
in public slaughterhouses. 


3. All slaughterhouses constituted since 1875 cannot be used until license 
of sanitary authorities is obtained. 


4, Licenses, since 1890, aré annual. 


5. It is the duty of English sanitary authorities to license, inspect and 
register slaughterhouses, byres and knackers’ yards, remove filth once, at least, 
in twenty-four hours, and must have supply of water. A fine of £5 is imposed 
tor any offence, and 10s. per day for continuance of nuisance. 


6. Medical officer of staff may at all times inspect buildings, cattle and car- 
cases, and if the officer finds any animal unfit for food he may seize and carry 
away betore a magistrate, “who is required forthwith to order the same to be 
further inspected and examined by competent persons.” 


7. Any one selling horseflesh has to advertise it as such. 


Public abattoirs have been established in Huddersfield, Manchester, Liver- 
pool and Swansea, These have been established to remove the evil which existed 
through defects in management and construction of private slaughterhouses. 


8. The city of Huddersfield, with a population of 178,000 in 1891, had 
passing through the cattle market in the same year, some 8,438 cattle and 2,268 
pigs. The number of animals killed in the abattoirs for the same period was as 
follows: 5,255 beasts, 2,524 calves, 3,000 sheep, 5,985 pigs. 

86 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). ~ A. 1896 


Law in France.—Atle. 9. When tuberculosis is discovered in any animal of 
the bovine species, the prefect is to issue an order to put the animal under the 
surveillance of the veterinary health officer. 


Atle. 10. Every animal recognised to be tuberculous, is to be removed from 
its neighbor and isolated. It must not be sent away, except in order to be 
slaughtered. The slaughtering is to take place under the surveillance of the 
veterinary health officer, who is to make the autopsy, and send to the prefect the 
written notes of the autopsy within five days of the slaughtering. 

Atle. 11. Meat from tuberculous animals is to be excluded from consumption. 

(a) If the lesions are generalized, that is to say, are not confined to the 
visceral organs and their lymphatic glands. 


(b) If the lesions, although localized, have invaded the greater part of the 
viscus, or show themselves by an eruption on the walls of the chest, or of 


abdominal cavity. 
| ‘c) This meat forbidden as food, and also the tuberculous viscera, are not 
allowed to be used for the feeding of animals, but must be destroyed. 
Atle. 12. The use of the skin is not permitted till after disinfection. 
The sale and use of meat coming from tuberculous cows is forbidden. 
However, the milk can be used on the spot for the feeding of animals after 
it has been boiled. 


Laws in Germany.—\. The meat of all tuberculous animals is declared to 
be unwholesome and unfit for consumption. 
2. Inspection to be carefully made of all suspected cattle. 


Laws of City of Boston, 1894—1. Prior to 1894 all animals showing slight 
lesions had not been condemned. 

2. By Act 1894, (June), all in any way suffering from tuberculosis are con- 
demned. 

3. Since November, 1894, Massachusetts Board of Cattle Commissioners has 
made a systematic examination of all animals at stock yards. 

All animals suspected of tuberculosis are condemned as unfit for sale. 

4. All healthy are branded and sold anywhere. 

5, All condemned are sent to abattoirs and destroyed. 

6. All were examined by Cattle Commissioners and regular inspectors of 
abattoirs. 

7. Those found free of disease on slaughter are sold for beef. 

8. Number received and condemned: 6.3/ tuberculous. 


Municipal Abattoirs—The following gives a summary of the rules regu- 
lating cattle markets and abattoirs in the several cities of Europe: 


Metropolitan Market, London.—l. Slaughter floor, 200 x 440 yards square. 
2. Only one animal] admitted at a time to permit of individual inspection. 
3. There is a clerk of the market with two officers to receive dues and pre- 
vent the introduction of diseased animals except into special lairs. 
5. The abattoirs are near the market. 
6. Cattle can go only through certain streets and before mid-day. 
87 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1396 


Edinburgh.—1. Slaughtering can only be eatried out in the public abattoir 
for the city and a radius of two miles of city limits. 


2. Penalties for selling diseased meat there are more severe than anywhere 
in the world. 


3. All animals are examined before slaughtering and afterwards. 


4, All flesh of diseased animals is destroyed or so treated as not to be used 
for food. 


5. A pleuro-pneumonic animal is destroyed at abattoir, the owner gets three- 
fourths compensation. 


6. Foreign meat has to go to abattoir and be examined before being exposed 
for sale. 


7. The owner of each carcase or part of one pays there a fee of as much as 
if the animal had been slaughtered there, and he cannot bring herd, bones or 
hoofs to the city. 


8. These regulations rendering imported carcases dearer than that slaugh- 
tered in town has resulted in most animals being brought to slaughterhouse, 
thereby insuring complete supervision. 


§. Pig flesh is not specially examined for trichinee in Edinburgh and London. 
Sale of meat is unrestricted, with close inspection. 


Brussels since 1878.—1. Slaughtering allowed only at abattoirs. 
2. Meat inspected and officially stamped. 


3. Dead meat brought into town, whether fresh or salt, must be examined 
and stamped at the station for the purpose. Charges, three centimes per millo- 
gramme. 


4. Owner of meat must state name, address, destination; this is mentioned 
in certificate of inspection, with day and hour. 


5. Meat must be conveyed direct to destination. 


6. Meat introduced to town by priva‘e individuals, for their own consump- 
tion, is exempt from inspection, but if required schey must give name and address. 


7. It is not permitted to transport meat from towns other than those named, 


8. Offal can only be prepared at the abattoir. Abattoirs much the same as 
elsewhere ; intestines collected in a room for dressing tripe; here opened and 
contents cast on ground. Paunches are there treated and prepared for tripe. 


9. Abattoirs municipal property. 


10. [It is forbidden to kill and dress animals for food, to melt coarse fat, to 
prepare and cook offal exe2»pt in the public abattorr. 


11. All tripe dressers and fat boilers get space at abattoir, but must submit 
plans of stoves, etc, to burgomasters. 

12. Stafi—1. Chief inspector, a veterinary surgeon. 

2. Expert inspector is a veterinarian or experienced butcher. 

3. A collector, a chief of service or custom’s officer. 


4. Duty of inspector, to examine all animals entering abattoir and all meat 
before being taken away. 


5, Animals intended for sale are previously visited. 


88 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). AIL B86 


Paris.—1, Cattle can only be killed in municipal abattoirs, 
2. All cattle injured in transit must be inspected before meat can be sold. 


3. In all cases the meat of animals dying a natural death must be destroyed 
at expense of owner. 


4. Beasts suspected of disease must be kept in separate place and killed 


‘only in presence of inspector, who must examine viscera. Meat and offal must 
all be examined. 


5. If lymphatics are affected with tuberculosis, seizure is imperative, otherwise 
only parts injured are condemned. In all examinations at least a quarter of the 
animal must be submitted to inspection. 


6. Veterinary inspectors are at all abattoirs. 


7. All establishments for making tripe, sausages and rendering fat, are at 
the abattoir. 


8. The largest and most modern is that at La Villette. 


Berlin.—1. Councils are required to establish compulsory inspection of 
animals for slaughter and of meat before it is exposed for sale. 


2. Abattoirs contain ground of about twenty-two acres. 

3. Suspected animals from country are set apart for observation. 
4, Seized meat must be placed in police officer's office. 

o. Rendering rooms, tripe rooms, etc., are at the abattoirs. 

6 


. All wagons which have brought cattle are cleaned and disinfected on the 
spot. Some, 80 per day. They are scrubbed with a brush with a solution of 
carbonate of soda, 500 grammes per litre of water at 70° C. 


Leipsic.—This abattoir is a model of its kind. 
1. Ground has an area of 115,000 square metres, some twenty-three acres. 


2. Floor of abattoirs is covered with cement all sloping toward a centre, 
through which runs a trench. 


3. The offal (paunches, etc.,) are carried towards one spot dipping towards 
the centre, under this. cars, into which contents of paunches are cast therein. 


4, Overhead are trolleys, by which the meat is transferred to the adjoining 
depots where is a refrigerator. 


5. Blood as elsewhere, made into albumen and fertilizers. 
6. Fat rendering, tripe, etc., carried on at abattoir. 


Vienna.—1. All cattle brought to Vienna must be accompanied by a cer- 
tificate of health. 


2. On arrival they must be examined by the veterinary surgeon of the city. 
3. This great cattle market cost some $700,000. 


4. The cattle market ‘is covered by a strong iron roof, on iron pillars ; 
has room for 4,000 cattle and stables for 2,140 more. The separate place for 
calves, holds 4,300; market for pigs holds 8,800. 


5. The abattoir near the market is similar to those described. 


89 


59 Victoria. ‘Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


6 According to Austrian law each town is bound to supply and maintain an 
“ Aasplat,” 7.¢., an establishment where diseased animals can be taken and subse- 
quently disposed of. There 

(a) All available parts are collected after carcases are destroyed by thermo- 
chemical current. 

(b) Keeper's house on grounds. All these establishments have rooms for 
preparing products and also drying rooms. 

(c) The careases are cut up and cooked in digester; fat separated; glue 
made; flesh and bones boiled, dried and made into manure. 

(d) All careases which cannot be utilized are put into pits and covered 
with lime. 

By a reference to the foregoing summary of laws, both national and muni- 
cipal, we at once discern the existence of the more or less distinctive principles 
underlying the work of cattle inspection. 


The one is that which is represented in Canada by the powers of the Federal 
Government to control by legislation, quarantine and local inspection, the impor- 
tation and exportation of cattle and their products, when such work is seemingly 
demanded by the commercial interests of the state. 


This is illustrated by the Orders-in-Council, which regulate the inspection 
and slaughter of all food products imported into England from foreign countries, 
and by the scheduling of certain districts of Britain, when such a disease as 
pleuro-pneumonia or rinderpest have there become epidemic in native herds of 
cattle. Similarly in Germany, the inspection of foreign cattle and meat is rigorously 
earried out by the Imperial Government, and common action urged upon all the 
Federal states. 

The first steps in this nireenen seriously taken in the United States were e then 
established under the law of 1884, by which the Federal Bureau of Animal Indus- 
tries undertook the inspection of all dead meat intended for export by the 
great meat companies of Chicago, ete. This is to be supplemented in a most 
extended way, under the bill at present under consideration by Congress, for 
dealing with such diseases as tuberculosis. 


The second principle is likewise similar to that carried out, to some extent 
in Canada, whereby the States and Provinces enact laws giving State Legisla- 
tures powers of general supervision of the work, which under municipal law is 
required to be carried out by municipal authorities. These general powers are 
in some German states, and especially in the United States of America, supple- 
mented by such executive boards, as those of the State Cattle Commissions, 
which are appointed by the State and are empowered to appoint sub-inspectors, 
clothed with authority to go into all parts of the State and eondemn diseased 
cattle, as well as to prohibit, as in Massachusetts, the importation of any cattle 
without their being subjected to the closest inspection, and where found diseased, 
destroyed. 

In Canada this latter principle has not yet been put into operation, Provin- 
cial authorities so far dealing with the work of cattle inspections wholly by 
means of public health enactments, intended’ for the protection of man against 
diseased or unsound food. 


In every country, however, this latter principle has for many years been 
carried out to some extent, municipalities or commissioners being clothed with 
power to protect their own people by by-laws regu'ating the slaughter and sale of 
meat. In Canada, municipalities imitating English practice, have for many years 


90 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


had by-laws, some of which have been incorporated into the Public Health Acts, 
and made statuary law. These have in Ontario, during the nast ten years been 
notably added to; and to-day Ontario municipalities are empowered to push the 
matter of municipal inspection of cattle and foods almost to any extent they may 
deem necessary. With all this legislation, however, after twelve years, we find 
that there does not exist in Ontario, so far as your committee are aware, a single 
instance in which the inspection of cattle subsequent to slaughter, and before 
being placed in the hands of the consumer, is systematically carried on, and only 
in Toronto, and that only for cattle imported by rail, are the cattle seen by a 
city official prior to slaughter. 

That the general health of the Canadian cattle has proved excellent as regards 
the acute contagious diseases, and given them hitherto, a good name in the British 
market, must be a matter of congratulation; but the same was to be said of 
those neighboring states with climates and modes of farming similar to our own. 


It would be idle, however, for those who have been engaged in municipal 
health work during the last ten years, to deny that facts are now frequently 
being brought to their notice, pointing to the need of exact and systematic super- 
vision of our own town foods, exactly after the manner which has been in prac- 
tice in a number of the chief cities of Europe for years. 


In a preceding part of this report, the methods of inspection and slaughter 
in Edinburgh, Brussels, Paris, Liepsic, Berlin, Vienna, etc, are given in some 
detail, but the following are the principal pvints included in the regulations 
governing the most complete system : 

1. All cattle brought to the city (Vienna), must be accompanied by a certi- 
ficate of health from the inspector of the municipality where they were bought. 
In this way the state authority can keep informed as to the presence of disease 
in any locality. 

2, On arrival at the cattle yards, or market, every animal is inspected by a 
veterinarian, and those suspected of disease, placed in a separate yard or build- 
ing. According to Austrian law, each town or “commune” is required to main- 
tain an “ Aasplat” or establishment where diseased animals can be taken for 
final disposal. All utilizable parts are collected, the carcases being destroyed by 
the thermo-chemical current. This establishment has quarters for preparing the 
meat as digesters, preparation of artificial manures, etc., all cattle injured in 
transit must likewise be inspected before meat is sold, and all animals dying a 
natural death must be buried at the expense of the owner (Brussels). 

3. The stock-yards or cattle markets are in some cities of great extent, none, 
however, equal to that of Chicago. 

4, All wagons, as at Berlin, which have transported cattle, are at once washed 
down with a solution of 500 grammes of carbonate of soda, per litre of water, at 
temperature of 70°C., some eighty wagons are utilized there daily. 

5. In all these cities, at Vienna, Berlin, Edinburgh, Brussels, etc., cattle can 
only be slaughtered at the abattoirs. This power in Edinburgh extends to the 
control of the area for two miles outside the limits of the city. 

6. The abattoirs and cattle yards are everywhere under the control of a 
chief inspector, who is a veterinarian and has a staff of trained veterinarians or 
old experienced butchers. (Brussels). 

7. Their duties are to inspect all animals entering the abattoir, and all meat 
before being taken away. A primary inspection of these animals has been made 


at the cattle market. 
91 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896_ 


8, All meat which has passed inspection is ticketed and stamped before 
being transferred to the meat market, which commonly is contiguous to the 
abattoir. | 

9. All flesh of animals diseased (Edinburgh) is destroyed or so treated as to 
not be available for food. An animal (Edinburgh) affected with pleuro-pneumonia 
has carcase destroyed and the owner gets three-quarters compensation in virtue 
thereof. 

In Paris the rule is, that if the lymphatics are affected with tubercles, 
seizure of carcase is imperative, otherwise only the parts affected are condemned. 

10. The owner of every animal slaughtered at the abattoir pays a fee, and 
at Edinburgh every owner of a carcase, already killed, has to take it to the 
abattoir for inspection, and pays as much for this inspection as if the animal had 
been slaughtered at the abattoir. 

11. All foreign meat (Edinburgh), has similarly to go to the abattoir for 
inspection before being exposed for sale; while in other cities, as Brussels, all 
dead meat brought into the city, whether fresh or salt, must be examined and 
stamped at stations established for this purpose. 

The charges for inspection (Brussels) is three centimes per millogramme. 


12, All meat thus inspected and ticketed must be conveyed direct to its 
destination, which name and address is registered at the bureau. 


13. The sale of meat is unrestricted (Edinburgh), as to shops, but these are 
under close inspection. 


14. No one is permitted (Brussels) to transport meat from towns other than 
those designated, into that city. 


15. In every instance provision is made at the abattoirs for buildings or 
rooms wherein all the fat-rendering, tripe-making, sausage-making, albumen and 
fertilizers are carried on. 


16. Inspection for trichine is made at every German abattoir. 


The arrangements of every abattoir in these cities are similar and consist. 
essentially : 


1. Of covered lairs or yards paved with concrete or flag-stones. (a) For 
cattle; (b) for sheep and calves; (c) for pigs. 


. Killing-rooms, first three classes separate. 

. Refrigerator or store-room. 

. Boiler-room. 

. Rooms for fat-rendering, tripe-cleaning, etc. 


So OF FP W WD 


. Offices and caretaker’s quarters. 


Some of these abattoirs and cattle yards are of great extent, one of the most 
perfect being, that at Leipsic, the ground of which includes 115,000 square metres, 
or some twenty-three acres. The Vienna cattle market cost $800,000. 


The killing-rooms are paved with concrete, and walls to some six feet from 
the floor are made of concrete slabs or tiles. 


5. Recommendations.—We have, in this extended review, indicated the 
present position both of Canadian herds, and of the situation as regards the 
supervision of cattle and meat products in Ontario, as compared with other 
countries. 


92 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


With regard to the cattle and meat intended for export, it is not for this 
Board to indicate what steps ought to be adopted to secure for Canadian exports, 
that standing which would most commend them to the attention of foreign 
countries. As regards, however, the domestic supply, there seems no room to doubt 
that as positive measures should be taken, as in neighboring states, to remove 
from our cattle the opprobrium of tuberculosis and the dangers to the people 
arising from the use of the meat and milk of such. If it has seemed necessary 
and advisable for Massachusetts, with a total value of live stock amounting to 
but $14,200,178, to appoint a commission armed with all the powers to suppress 
the disease in cattle, it surely cannot seem too much that Ontario-stock, with a 
value of $116,070,902, should not only be inspected and protected by stringent 
enactments, but that our own people be protected against dangers to life proceed- 
ing from diseased food products. 


If further, the solution of the difficulty is in giving compensation for the 
destruction of tuberculized cattle, where, as in the five New England States, and 
New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania together, the total live stock values 
of $313,902,504 are less than three times the values of Ontario stock, surely it 
cannot be questioned whether it would be from the economic standpoint, profit- 
able, to initiate the same methods for dealing with our own stosk. 


If, indeed, it be true that our cattle are free from the taint of disease, as 
many would like to believe, then we could publish a certificate of health that all 
the world would acknowledge ; and if they are not, then with all that is involved 
in allowing a contagious disease to spread, it seems the height of wisdom and 
prudence, in the light of all the facts, and the known action being taken in 
European countries and in at least fourteen neighboring states, where the housing 
of cattle in winter (the one supreme condition of infection) is not longer than in 
Ontario, and where the herds have been improved from essentially the same 
sources of thoroughbred cattle, which may be assumed to have introduced the 
disease, to institute similar action, and to supplement it by the compulsory 
establishment of cattle markets and abattoirs for the inspection of all milch 
cows for our public supply of milk, and of all animals intended for consumption 
as food for man. 

Your committee begs respectfully to move the reception of this report. 


Signed, 


E. E. KITCHEN, 
F. RAE, 
P. H. BRYCE. 


93 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896. 


REPORT RE LONDON PORK PACKING #STABLISHMENT. 
Toronto, August 15th, 1895. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN.—It will be remembered that a report bearing upon this matter 
was presented to the Board in November of last year, and that it included certain 
recommendations to the Local Board of Health and the Company. 


Owing to complaints being again made as per correspondence submitted » 
I visited London on July 2nd, and in company with one of the complainants for 
the residents along the creek, and Mr. Ginge for the Company, went over the 
factory and sewage disposal works. 


As related in last year’s report, the factory is kept in most admirable order 
and quite extensive additions have been made to the sewage disposal works along 
the lines of last year'sreport. A series of small beds have been set apart specially 
for the condensed steam water coming from the rendering tanks and which had 
more or less of fatty product in it. These beds were ample for the small amount. 
from this source. 


A weekly removal of the contents of the settling tank on the main drain 
takes place, and by a series of shallow tanks in the main wooden conduit, a. 
further opportunity for settling is given, so that the floor washings will pass to 
the filter beds with as little solid matter as possible. These beds have been 
ereatly enlarged and improved. The three main ditches having a total area of 
6x300 feet in all, were wholly renewed this year, the old materials thrown out, 
and new sand being put in to the depth of nearly three feet. Subsoil drains lead 
from Nos. 1, 2, 3 to the flat beds across on the lower level, which has been levelled 
and made new. Of these two lower beds the area is about 100x50 feet. 


The attempts made by the Company to place a free eftluent into the creek, 
have been most praise-worthy, nothing that was suggested to them either in the 
report or by the Local Board being neglected. 


The atmosphere within the neighborhood of the beds is very free from the 
smell or effluvia of decomposition, and the beds seem ample for the passage down- 
ward of the sewage. 

As there is however, after the passage of the materials through the beds, a 
slight tinge to the water from some of the sub-soil tiles, it becomes a matter of 
interest to disclose wherein the failure to filter lies. 


It has been the custom to pour one day’s sewage into one of the upper 
ditches. These now as already stated, are all made over by having put in new 
sand from a sand pit, purchased for this purpose specially. Through this the 
water filters quite fast and on the day visited the water had quit? disappeared 
from the ditch. Also water had reached the tiles from the lower filter beds and 
was appearing in the tiles leading to the creek. It is apparent that the filtering 
material works too rapidly for perfect purification ; but there was an additional 
fact in that there was on the day of our visit a frothiness on the water standing 
within the flat bed, due to the fact that on that day all the brine from the pickling 
hogs-heads had been drained off to be recharged. ; 


94 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


eee 


——y 


Apparently then what has happened is that the old film of organic matter 
with its nitrifying bacteria presumbly present on the surface of the old beds was 
removed, while the growth of the new seems likely to be checked by the 
occasional dosing with a brine saturated with salt. 

After explaining the reason for supposing the heds were not being handled 
to do the best work, I made the following recommendations, which I have no 
doubt will be carefully followed out.. 


Ist. Keep the fluids from the rendering tank in their separate beds. 


2nd. Run the fluids from the brine tanks into a new and separate small filter 
bed. . 

3rd. Spread each day’s floor washing over the surface of two ditches instead 
of one, thereby making the filtering area as great as possivle. 

4th. Use a cultivator and stir the surface of the ditches once a week by 
shallow cultivation. _ 

5th. Use milk of lime for precipitating the albumin in the sewage by mixing 
it before it goes into the tanks. 

By a careful carrying out of these additional recommendations, I have no 
doubt but that a very notable improvement will result in the character of the 
effluent, which so far as appearence goes at present cannot be said to be bad; but 
which contains much albumenoid matter. 

With the excessive drought of June and July, the creek was dry, there being 
no relieving shower; so that the little accumulations of water in pools lay evapor- 
ating with a result that the organic contents became more concentrated and vege- 
tation of green alge increased on the surface. The effluvia at night-fall were said 
by the several farmers near by, to be very bad ; but it was not observable during 
the day, a fact however familiar to us, in connection with many eflluvia nuisances. 

While advising the Local Board of Health to maintain the close supervision 
of the filter beds, and while urging their frequent inspection to see that recom- 
mendations are carried out, I do not think there can be any nuisance continuing 
of a very serious character. Certainly there will be none with water in the 
creek ; but with the Company willing to do everything suggested to cleanse the 
effluent, I feel certain that the filtering quality of the beds as they grow older 
will improve, and with experience on the part of those managing, I look forward 
to seeing an eftluent free from objection 


I have the honor to present the report for adoption. 
Your obedient servant, 


PETER H, BRYCE, 
Secretary, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


REPORT ON THE SELECTION OF A SITE FOR A CEMETERY IN 
MARKDALE, COUNTY OF GREY. 


To the Chaarman and Members of the Provincial Boaru of Health: 


GENTLEMEN,—The Council of Markdale, a village situate at the junction of 
the Townships of Artemesia and Glenelg, County of Grey, having sent an appli- 
cation to this Board, requesting, on sanitary grounds, an opinion as to the eligi- 
bility of one or other of two sites for a cemetery within the limits of the village, 
I was informed by Dr. Bryce that it would expedite matters, if a representative 
of this Board would personally examine the proposed sites, Accordingly a letter 
making an appointment for the 8th inst., having been sent to. Mr. W. A. Brown, 
secretary of the local board of health, and likewise village clerk, your committee 
went to Markdale on that day. The following residents of the village met and 
consulted with your committee: Mr. Rae, reeve; Mr. Brown, village clerk ; Mr. 
Armstrong, member of the local board of health ; Dr. Ego, medical health officer ; 


Mr. Boland, chairman of the cemetery committee, appointed at a public meeting, 
and Dr. Sproule, M.P. 


Your committee was informed that at a public meeting held in the last week 
of September, to consider the choice of a site for a cemetery, it was decided by 
resolution, to submit two sites for approval on sanitary grounds alone. Either 
site would be purchased and would receive, if selected, the sanction of the local 
board of health. The villagers, however, would prefer a personal inspection of a 
member of the Provincial Board of Health, so that they might feel clear to act 
through the committee having the matter in hand. The Council also, before 
making a definite selection, and passing the required by-law, wished to submit 
the matter to your Board, as required by Jaw, (vide See. 2, “b” Consolidated 
Municipal Act). 

The plan which is herewith exhibited, will enable you to form an idea of the 
main streets of the village, and the position of each of the two sites. The first 
site visited belongs to Mr. Marsh, a village hotel-keeper, who is willing to sell 
his land for a cemetery. It is situated on Toronto street, about five-eighths of a 
mile from the village centre and is quite close to its southern portion. It consists 
of six acres of well-cleared land, which slopes gently to the south-east, and drains 
into a small creek, which winds around the base of the declivity. A never-fail- 
ing spring of fresh water, also rises on the south-western slope of the declivity. 
I had a pit dug to the depth of five and one-half feet, in order to learn the 
quality of the soil. The top layer consists of loam about twelve inches in depth, 
beneath which is a friable clay, containing a considerable quantity of limestone. 
and a little quartz sand and about one per cent. of gravel. The nearest house on 
the same side of the road, is thirty-three rods away ; over the way on the opposite 
side of the road are some farm buildings belonging to Dr. Sproule. The creek 
which skirts the property, receiving the drainage of surrounding farms, connects 
with Armstrong’s creek, which spreads outinto a pond. A saw-mill, about three- 
quarters of a mile to the west, discharges over a dam. The principal objections 
urged against this property were: (1) Its proximity to the viliage; (2) The 
fouling of the above mentioned creeks by drainage from the cemetery, and (3) 
The insuitability of the soil. The first objection is of little weight, because there 
are but few houses in the vicinity, and the population numbers only 950 souls 
and is not increasing. The second objection, that a fouling of the water of the 
creek might ensue, was considered of considerable weight by some of the villagers, 

96 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896 


a 


inasmuch, as the future water supply of the village micht be taken from the pond 
near the saw-mill, about three-quarters of a mile distant, to which I have already 
alluded. The creek might at present be used as a supply of water for fire pur- 
poses, but would not be suitable as a supply for potable water, without filtration. 
It is not likely that any measurable impurity would be added to the waters of 
this creek from the Marsh site, if used as a cemetery, because the drainage of the 
water through one hundred yards or more of soil, would purify it; and besides 
the mortality of the village is only said to be five perannum. Besides the future 
village water supply may be obtained by boring into the rock, pumping a supply 
by wind-mill which could be stored in a tank and made to descend by gravita- 
tion into mains distributed through the village. The third objection as to the 
quality of the soil, has a considerable force. The soil is principally clay, and it 
would therefore be retentive of moisture, so that it eannot be considered as suit- 
able for a burial ground as pure gravel or sandy soil. Returning towards the 
village centre, we passed the burial ground of the Church of England. This has 
been used as a cemetery for some years; but after the new site is chosen, it is 
proposed to close it. The new cemetery site in Markdale will probably be used 
as a union cemetery by the various Protestant denominations, the Catholics 
having already a site in the Township of Glenelg. The second site visited, belongs 
to Mr. Oswald Walker, who is willing to sell his land for cemetery purposes. It 
lies on Mill street, in a north-easterly direction, and is about five-eights of a mile 
- from the village centre. It is really the back end of the Walker farm, the front 
portion of which rests on a village street. This site is six acres in extent. The 
residential property is not growing so much along Mill street as along Toronto 
street. The surface of the Walker plot is rough and uneven, many stumps being 
still present, so much so indeed, that an expenditure of from $300 to $400 would 
be required to clear it up, and make it suitable fora cemetery. The nearest creek 
runs into the Sauveen River, about half a mile trom the site. A section of the 
soil shows that it consists of three or four inches of loam, lying over a loose, 
coarse gravel. The objections urged against this site are: (1) That the gravelly 
soil is so loose, that the sides of a grave dug in it would fall in, shortly after being 
dug, particularly in spring. and (2) That it would cost $300 to $400, to prepare 
it for cemetery purposes. The tirst objection has been disproved by actual test, 
and the reeve, Mr. Rae, states, that the sides of the pit remained quite firm and 
did not fallin. The second objection, is one which it is now necessary that 1 
should discuss. With regard to the suitability of this site for a cemetery, there 
can be no question, as a gravelly site is very permeable to air, and permits the 
rapid decay of dead bodies, which are interred in it. The drainage would be 
excellent all the year round, and would flow towards the Saugeen River, so that 
no wells would be injured. 

My opinion therefore is that, while the Marsh property, might be used as a 
cemetery without detriment to the health of the people of Markdale, while it is 
as accessible as the Walker property, and could be more cheaply converted into 
a burial ground, it is inferior as a site for a cemetery, particularly owing to the 
quality of the soil. 


In concluding this report, I would refer to the opinion of Dr. George R. Rohé, 
a distinguished sanitarian, and member of the American Public Health 
Association, who, ina recently published Text Book of Hygiene, writing of inter- 
ment says: “The soil of a burial ground should be dry and porous, so as to be 
easily permeated by the air.” Ina sandy or gravelly soil, the decay of a corpse 
is much more rapid than in a moist clayey soil. In the latter the bodies more 
readily undergo putrefaction, or become converted into a substance termed 


mek 97 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35 . A. 1896 


adipocere. It has been calculated that in a gravelly soil, the decay of a corpse 
advances as much in one year, as it would in sand in one and two-thirds and 
in clay in two to two and one-third years. The decay of dead bodies is princip- 
ally (if not entirely), dependent upon the presence of living vegetable organisms. 
If the access of free oxygen is prevented the bacteria of putrefaction will thrive 
and cause putridity. If, however, the soil is loose, porous and easily permeable 
by the air, the bacteria of decay will be present and produce their characteristic 
effects. 


For sanitary reasons therefore, I consider the Walker site in Markdale more 
suitable for a burial ground than the Marsh site; but should it, however, be the 
view of the majority of the villagers that the convenience of most will best be 
consulted by the adoption of the Marsh site, it would be well to state that a 
protest has been received from a resident, whose property is situated very near 
said property, and that therefore it will be well for the cemetery committee of 
Markdale, to consult the bearing of sec. 489, sub-section (d) Consolidated Muni- 
cipal Act, R.S.O., 12 d, 1887, before any final decision is made. 


All of which is respectfully submitted, 
(Sed.) Jods CASSIDYA Ma: 


REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES ON 
THE WINDSOR OUTBREAK OF TYPHOID FEVER IN 1896. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Provincial Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN :—As is stated in the evidence appended to this report of Mr. 
J. A. H. Campbell, Chairman of the Local Board of Health of Windsor, your 
Board was informed in February of a reported prevalence of typhoid in that city, 
and that the said Board was recommended by your Secretary, to obtain through 
physicians and others, a correct report of the prevalence of this and of any similar 
disease existing in the town. The Local Board, with commendable activity, pre- 
pared a blank form of report, and supplied one to each physician, with a request 
to give detailed answers to the questions contained therein. As stated in the 
evidence of the same witness, all physicians but one had reported at the time the 
investigation by your committee was held. 


These reports with these several other documents are herewith presented : 
(a) The conclusions of the Local Board on the physicians’ report. (6) A copy of 
the agreement between Windsor and Walkerville, dated 22nd September, 1893, 
made the basis of the settlement in the court proceedings, and attached to the 
judgment thereof. (c) A copy of a report by water commissioners with the 
report of W. Chipman, C.E., on a plan for obtaining a common supply for water 
forthe two towns, and forming the basis of the aforesaid agreement, also a plan 
or map of the district. (d) Extracts from minutes of the proceedings of the 
Local Board of Health since January, 1896. (e) Copy of resolutions adopted by 
the Windsor Physiciins’ and Surgeons’ Association. 


In order that the Board may be in a position to understand the situation in 
Windsor, your Committee desires to give a brief resumé of the chief facts since 
the public water supply of Windsor was established. 


In 1872 a waterworks station was established at the point indicated on the 
plan of Mr. Chipman, on the bank of the Detroit river, within the limits of the 
town of Windsor, where it remains at present, and situated some 3,000 feet 


98 


: ; wy 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896 


below the township drain, which empties into the river within the town of 
Walkerville, and which within the town becomes the main sewer. It will be 
seen that the relative position of the Windsor waterworks and the sewage out- 
fall confirms the evidence of Dr. Coventry, for some twenty-five years a prac- 
titioner in Windsor, and who was mayor in 1881, 1882 and 1883, and medical 
health officer for some twelve years, that “The water supply from its adoption 
to the present time has always been contaminated by the material emptied into 
the river within three-quarters of a mile of the intake pipe, which contamination 
has at different times consisted of the refuse from cattle barns, pork-packing 
establishment, glucose and starch works; but worse than all from the contents 
of the Walkerville sewers. Other contaminations are from factories, and the 
vegetable material from the shores of Lake St. Clair and from the lake itself and 
from the southern shore of the Detroit river.” 


In 1887 the waterworks station was burned and at that time it was stated 
that Walkerville was willing and anxious to juin Windsor in the establishment 
of a common supply to be taken above the latter town, but that negotiations 
were broken off. A new pumping house was built, and then or afterwards the 
intake pipe in the river was extended from 167 to 280 feet into the stream, but 
a valve was left nearer the shore, 115 feet out, in case a stoppage should take 
place at the intake proper. Such was the position in 1893 when the Windsor 
Water Commissioners instituted proceedings against Walkerville. 


In the report of the Water Commissioners, included in the pamphlet pub- 
lished before the submission of a by-law on July 7th, 1893, which was defeated, 
and signed by William Edgar, chairman for the commissioners. W. J. 
McKee, now M.P.P., and C. E. Fleming, mayor, after quoting analyses by Dr. 
Pyne, J. J. MacKenzie, B.A., and Prof. Ellis, all asserting the pollution of the 
river water, it is stated: “These results by competent examiners, coupled with 
the report by Dr. Bryce, Secretary of the Provincial Board of Health, that he 
saw about three or four million gallons of sewage emerging in twenty-four hours 
from one of the Walkerville sewers, coloring the water of the river for two-thirds 
the distance to the Windsor intake, and our own observation of what is daily 
taking place, leads to the inevitable conclusion, that in order to supply water fit 
for use for domestic purposes, we must go above the point of contamination.” 


On the agreement of the two towns, made on the order of the court September 
22nd, 1898, the Council passed a by-law in November, 18938, for the issue of 
debentures for the construction of the proposed common water main from Askin’s 
point on the plans of Mr. Chipman, but it was afterwards quashed by the 
courts on the ground as stated in the evidence, that the borrowing limit of the 
town had been reached. (See evidence of Coventry, Smith and Hall.) 


Subsequent to this, at the January elections in 1895, a by-law was submitted 
for the institution of a filter plant at a cost of $40,000, the pumping station to 
remain with the intake in its present position. This by-law was also defeated, 
and as stated in the evidence of Dr. Casgrain, now chairman of the Board of 
Water Commissioners: “ Since then the principal work was to extend the present 
intake 500 feet into the river by a twenty-inch pipe, and the construction of a 
fifty-foot well by eighteen feet deep, with two compartments, at an estimated 
cost of $12,000.” 


No analyses of water have.been made during this perivd ; the water supply 
has been bad; but notably so since the flood at the beginning of January. At 
that time on one morning, in drawing water from the tap, it had a strong smell 


99 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


and tasted of manure. This lasted until afternoon, when the water was blown 
out of the hydrants. The cause of the sudden influx of manure was stated to 
me by a workman from Walker’s, to be due to the breaking of an embankment 
around the field, and as the manure did not come so much by afternoon it was 
stated to me the embankment was repaired.” | 


This, then, briefly stated, is the history of the Windsor waterworks, as given 
by town officials and official documents, down to January 25th, 1896, when the 
circumstances just stated occurred, and which became the occasion, according to 
unanimous medical testimony and the sworn statements of the present Water 
Commissioners, of a sudden explosion of fever, which had spent itself largely 
by the middle of March. 


Specific Evidence of Pollution from Walkerville Sewage. 


1. Ina report of your Secretary made ir May, 1891, it is stated: “ When 
seen by me, the sewer (Walkerville) was emptying probably three or four million 
gallons of sewage in twenty-four hours, which was of a brown color, and gave off 
the characteristic smell of cow manure.” The black stream of liquid in its course 
down the river was visible for two-thirds of the above distance (less than 3,000 
feet). 

2. The report on Windsor water supply made to the Provincial Board October 
12th, 1893, by Mr. J. J. Mackenzie, states : “ Whilst in Windsor attending the trial, 
Dr. Bryce, Mr. Chipman and myself determined to make a test which might pos- 
sibly settle the question as to. whether pollution existed or not. With that end 
in view, there were procured two barrels of salt, which were emptied into an 
ordinary water cart containing 600 gallons of water. The water was heated by 
passing live steam through it until the salt was all dissolved, and the brine thus 
obtained was taken up into Walkerville and emptied into the sewer about 200 
yards from the point at which it opens into the river. At the same time a float 
was dropped into the river at the sewer outlet as soon as the flood of brine 
reached that point, that being indicated by the sudden increase of the flow. 
Shortly after this float passed the Windsor waterworks intake samples of water 
were taken from the river at that point, (both surface and deep) and at the same 
time from the tap in the Windsor waterwords pumping house. 


Twenty samples in all were analyzed by the salt test. 

The average chlorine in the normal river water at three points shallow and 
deep was 1.5 per million parts. 

Of six samples during the salt How, the average was 3.15 parts per million, 
the lowest being 2.8, and the highest 3.5. 

On the passing of the salt flow the river water fell slightly below the normal, 
probably due to the temporary flushing of the sewer. 

3. The flood of manure which came down on January 25th, 1896, so as to 
cause the water to taste and smell of manure in taps in all parts of Windsor. 

4. A test made by John Davis, Esq., Inspector of Distilleries, as given in 
sworn evidence. 


“ About the month of June some three years ago, I happened to be boating 
near the water pipe, and arranged a jug so that the cork was forced in by the 
water pressure at about twenty feet from the surface in thirty feet of water. I 
compared the sample with one taken from the surface at about the same point, 


100 


pre. 
=< 
4” jes 


29 Victoria, Sessionai Papers (No. 35). A. 1886 


and allowed them to sediment in graduated tubes. I found within eighteen 
hours that the amount of sediment in the deep sample was four times that on 
the surface. As a result of this test there has not been since then a drop of water 
in my house drunk without boiling and filtering. We have not since had any 
sickness, while before that Dr. Casgrain would bear evidence that we were seldom 
without it.” 


Boidence of the Recent Outbreak of Fever. 


All the sworn evidence agrees that there was a freshet in the end of Janu- 
ary, and that notably it was at its height on January 25th, the ice in the river 
having. broken up, and according to the chief engineer of the waterworks, the 
river was filled with floating ice. On the 10th of March, 1896, the following 
resolution, according tu statement of the Secretary, was unanimously adopted by 
the Windsor Physicians’ and Surgeons’ Association : 


Resolved,—* That this Association 1s unanimcusly of the opinion that the 
present epidemic of typhoid and gastro-intestinal fever in Windsor is due to pol- 
luted water supplied to inhabitants and we hereby reiterate the opinion of last 
year that nothing short of a new water intake pipe above the point of pollution 
will ensure the safety of the health and lives of the inhabitants.” 


According to the report of the Local Board on the reports sent in by phy- 
sicians in regard to the outbreak it is stated that all except one resident physician 
had reported. In the evidence of one physician of Walkerville it is stated “ that 
he had five cases actually tabulated.” Excluding references by several physicians 
to mild cases not returned, and others which occurred up to the 15th of March, 
and subsequent to the returns made by them, these would make 167 cases of 
fever. 


_ The following is a summary of the statistics given in the reports of the phy- 
sicians : . 


IE DOLESRTCCELVE Cite ae) RM RMMO PN Ie es ee gc sie nc pe ecard aden iee 12 
‘ iva tl Omels PULSE Tara Mee dey rd wy ton) crest Op a a Me gt a ke ae 7 
. aay ua Sah OB; Me ELENS a 8 hg a ar Rm 2 
wy OIVINGUCASeS WILL NO LCeti lic GA nee Nn. lls hig Scns 3 
2 CANITIES OL ODIIIOU Wegrepem eens ars U ores ara reer Megs 2 

. giving cases with no details, but opinion that water 
WIGS: COUSG Peart aiaai eh Lie va eat en AES arts a a eal 2 

i giving details, classifying fever as typhoid, with other 
casesias bilioustremitlen lar carne nvdietrred «hoes 1 
is classifying fever as typhoid and gastro-intestinal.... 1 

a classifying fever as typhoid and bilious with typhoid 
SV TIL DCO MIS Gratits iarha obtain cate ate ete eerie al Aa he 1 
e classifying all cases as gastro-intestinal ............ iL 

H classifying fever as typhoid, and divided into severe, 
Ordinaryeand: MUd Ly Desa mera cee» eden yao 1 
classifying fever as typhoid only.................. 1 
fe classifying fever as typhoid mild.................. 1 
Total cases with names and addresses given............... Cable 
‘ WIEhOUU nM Georg aU dresses meng as tetas. ket Seen 36 
if in all to time of reports being made out.......... 162 


101 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 35). A. 1896 


Cases by weeks— 


Week: endine =December srd) 1895.2 2.4. ee 3 
“ iS) s LOBEL SO 2 nore ene ae ante Pee 1 
z cf TTCR RESO Be eet) See ee 2 9 
« as ZAGH IT SOD: rue ie eee ee 2 
« ‘ BLStTLOUD Ge ose ee ene eee 1 
sf January 7th; 'S96 More ee ees 3 
a Y LA thal S96 2s Sony Seer ae aes t 18 
is is 21 St GSO th, AY cee en 3 
ce “ 28th SOG. we er Eee eae 7 
is HebruaryrAthy1 S96a i) areen aetna 17 
tf - ACN LS OG ia ey ie eee 2 89 
‘s ‘ LBthe 89 6:95 beret) a ae 20 
“ it bro OSE eT ROD ye we ei hineae lay Manag es 
4 March Bre SIG nlune fae re eee craeet ih 
fe ila LOCH GLSOG Ay econ. pay ett geen | 13 
a # Leth; 1896 2. ocean 3 


Several facts are apparent from these statistics, and the first is that typhoid 
in Windsor has not been limited to a single period, but was present in all the 
winter months, or as stated in Dr. Carney’s evidence regarding his experience in 
Windsor during twenty years: “I ascribe the disappearance of the malaria to 
surface drainage, and the appearance and increase of gastro-intestinal fever to 
the pollution of our water supply with animal excreta as well as vegetable.” 


In the words of other physicians, typhoid is endemic in Windsor, and that 
this is common medical opinion is seen in the resolution of the Association ot 
June, 1895. 


Copy of Resolutions adopted May, 1895, and sent to Board of Water 
; Commissioners by the Medical Society. 


“ We are of the opinion that the water supplied to the inhabitants of the city 
is polluted with washings from the alluvial shores of Lake St. Clair and the 
Detroit River, besides a large amount of vegetable matter which grows very 
rapidly in Lake St. Clair. 


“It also contains in variable quantities the sewage of the Town of Walker- 
ville. 


“We consider it unfit for potable and culinary purposes, and it seems dan- 
gerous to the lives of those who drink it. 


“We respectfully but strongly urge the necessity of filtering it before it 
enters the water mains, and, lastly, we are of the opinion that the intake pipe 
should extend above Walkerville sewers as without that precaution all other 
attempts to deal with the question would be contrary to the advice and opinions 
of sanitarians and at variance with our desire to secure for the people of Windsor 
a water supply second to none on the continent.” 


Bearing very directly on this prevalence of typhoid in Windsor is the evi- 
dence of Dr. Hoare, for seveu years practising in Walkerville. It is so important 
that it might with advantage be inserted almost in full. That town takes water 
from the Detroit River above any point of sewage pollution. 


102 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


The evidence states: ‘‘ There has been no epidemic of typhoid, on an average 
only five cases of fever of any kind ; can supply rates of typhoid deaths for five 
years. There has only been one death in this period, and the case was not con- 
tracted in Walkerville. 


“ We have a population of 1,000, and I consider the immunity from typhoid 
due to water supply being free from sewage contamination and comparatively 
recent system of sewers. 


“ Walkerville has during the last three months been free from fever except — 
two cases. One case was typhoid on Ist of January; was a traveller; was at | 
home only a few days at a time in Walkerville; did not consider the contagion 
local. The other was‘continued fever of two weeks’ duration; if any infection, 
could only trace it to her having been visiting considerably in Windsor.” 


Dr. Casgrain, who practises largely in Sandwich, states: “I had in my prac- 
tice from August till Ist of February, twenty cases. These include two cases in 
Sandwich, one fatal, previous to the overflow of manure, and eight or ten cases 
of gastro-intestinal fever subsequent to this overflow. These houses where cases 
occurred had all Windsor water supply. Had no cases in Walkerville.” 


The same answer was given by all physicians regarding the absence of cases 
in their practice in Walkerville. As a matter of fact, it seems that the water in 
the long main between Windsor and Sandwich, being the source of supply for 
some hours to Sandwich, the flood of manure did not reach the Sandwich pipes 
to the same extent as those of Windsor, but notably those east of the Michigan 
Central Railroad, since the water was emptied from the hydrants within a few 
hours of the flow of manure into the town supply. 


The subject of other exciting causes seems to have occupied the attention of 
the Local Board of Health, as will be seen in the questions both by the chairman 
and by Mr. Sheppard put to various witnesses. “ Mr. Sheppard asked whether 
the seventeen cases were not mostly in one neighborhood ?” Dr. Reaume.—“ No.” 
“ How many west and how many east of Ouellette Ave.?” “Six west and the 
rest east.” “The east is old Windsor. This district of east Windsor was not 
before this outbreak, seriously affected with typhoid.” 


Similarly, “In reply to Mr. Campbell, Dr. Carney stated that his cases had 
been dotted over the city. Mr. Campbell suggested that most cases were to the 
east. Dr. Carney stated that even if this were so, the presence of sewers without 
house drain connections would abate the malarial fever, but ought, too, to abate 
the typhoid if it be due to bad plumbing since the latter is largely absent.” 


The point is, however, definitely set at rest by the classifying of cases by 
streets. There were cases reported in all in forty-two localities, so far as the 
returns could be tabulated. They were as follows: 


CJRBIIOL GE eet & aisides woh o sin) AUP YTUSCATOVA | «oes. ge ce meae as sive Vera’ Places. 22 
OS ger a ay Manet Aad Parentr 2.5 tuts wide we aatots i) .Opp...E. Centrale. mae ences 1 
Baiinsoi ens Sees ek a es Ti Marentettes ovo. 32%. Ae. 11 | Victoria Avenue............ af 
NUS SLOOP re Nee obi, <7 AEN INGSOT Uden aa eee ee Soh Gnurehss otis ee coe 3 
titty AVONUG: oe cys oe Pe Branithen woes rs stehiee cele eet ar 1 |) Mercer ..... De panes 5 
SOWA Pe vcd tis orate 6 « Totus Cataraguc: time ae. cee 3 | Crawford House............ 5 
DIBAERIONS eee k cae ota: hed shoe Dg EOP LO Pe cats  ocedone Ene rege Ly he Chathaniiyec sree eaae ee 5 
Park street <5: . Be ee as AM TONUOn aie ees mietastaanes 2 {| Elm Avenue...... See vb 3 
Hasexctlousenasacces'.\ 2 als Po MSOV AU Votan tale Mee lerae bp gta Wie Garon: sh s0 steak ee eons eee ] 
Prince Avenue.............. Dele Pitts chee Mek eit cach oe Kile Howard!) occ edible hc ee fateh 
(SIONS Stry seen cia. Bcalews v= 14 tie NEG Dougall s Sesae wae ess eg: Gels Market in Scare cothoreaaeene 1 
Wellington......... Bone hee Dom Assumption esc oeeeaees e 7 A ATCH UE | cccts case eo ow eee eee 3 
MOAI Rr rare ae oa oe Som WLIGH. Shues pean. eeclas ie eek ls 1 | Asylum Avenue........cec6 4 
PANU WICH ee Mars x mass OU Marie alltesler nice ener. Rune ware i 


It would seem therefore that the conclusions arrived at in the summary of 
the Local Board were not based on any detailed study of the tables. Indeed, we 
103 


bOaVictoria,. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


find in the minutes, Mr. Sheppard, a prominent and active member of the Board, 
to have moved the following resolution on March 8th, 1886: 


Moved by Mr. Sheppard, seconded by Mr. Latham: “That the present water 
supply is deleterious and dangerous to the public health, and that the adoption of 
the Howatson silex patent system of filtration in connection with the waterworks 
is feasible and would be effective, and that resolution be sent to Council.” 


This does not seem to harmonize with the folowing evidence of the Chair- 
man: “'The Board, after examining reports carefully, as well as from their per- 
sonal knowledge, unanimously expressed the opinion that if true typhoid existed 
at all it was of a very mild type. There is no doctor in.the Board except the 
Medical Health Officer, who is not a member.” Neither does the latter statement 
coincide with the view of the Medical Health Officer, who certainly cannot be 
considered an alarmist, when he says, “ With regard to the effects of manure in 
the water supply, which occurred in January last, lam of the opinion that it was 
not healthy, and would cause to a certain extent fever of a malarial type, and 
might cause death.” 


Morecver, Mayor Mason further states in evidence, “ Without a doubt the 
inshore pipe supplying the water, when open, has shown that the water was pol- 
luted by liquid manure retained by anembankment on the Tecumseth road.” 


To show how the Chairman must have misunderstood the sentiments of his 
Board, Dr. Bell, a member of the Council states in evidence, ‘“ The reason that the 
typhoid occurred in February was that the manure in the water was the predis- 
posing cause.” 


There can be little doubt, however, that the essential requirement of the lay 
mind is, that disease must kill in order to be the real thing, and that since there 
was not a large percentage of deaths, and because all physicians did not use the 
same terms for the outbreak of fever, the fact was seized upon by the apologists 
for the city water, that the fever could not have been typhoid. 


The report drawn up by the Local Board further particularly states: “The 
cases appear to be confined, toa large extent, to one thickly populated part of 
Windsor.” The point made to the extent that it is in accordance with the 
tabulated statement of cases as given by streets is a most interesting one, and 
taken in connection with the relative freedom of the Sandwich supply from the 
flood of manure, is perhaps as perfect an illustration as could be possible of the 
exactly opposite fact to the conclusions contained in the report of the Local Board 
as to causation. 


As stated in evidence, Windsor pumps 2,000,000 daily. For some six hours, 
according to the Chairman of the Water Commission, the flow of liquid manure 
continued. Assuming that the pipes had previously been filled with the average : 
water of the river, the result would be that the filthy water would be in the 
pipes nearest the intake first, and remain there the longest, since when spreading 
to other parts of the system the blowing out of the hydrants would have been 
going on. It this district were thickly populated, a proportionately large amount 
of manure-laden water would have been used, and its presence would be felt over 
a large number of days. In summarizing the cases by streets, there is noticed an 
especially large number of cases on Glengarry street, 15; in Goyau street, 11; 
aud other high figures as those of McDougall, 6, and Assumption, 5. 


In subsequently examining the map of Windsor, we were surprised to find 
that these are the streets which first received their supply from the main which 
passes up Langlois street, from the pumping well, thence along Wyandotte street. 

104 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). , A 1896 


peg 


They are well inhabited streets, but as stated by Dr. Carney, they are not the 
newest streets, and while all use city water, comparatively few have house- 
plumbing and house sewers. To complete the illustration, we have found that 
the streets to the west of the Michigan Central Railroad show few cases of fever. 
This is explained naturally by the fact that the Sandwich main is carried by a 
long detour southward, owing to the deep cutting, in order to pass across the 
track. Thus this part of the city is, like Sandwich, a long way away from the 
pumping station, and the presence of the manure in the pipes was therefore but 
little noticed. 

There can be no doubt, therefore, as to the conclusive evidence from every 
known source of exact information, that the explosive outbreak of fever was 
caused, like all other epidemic outbursts of typhoid have been shown to be 
directly by polluted water, and that its immediate date of causation is absolutely 
and definitely fixed, in keeping with the average period of incubation of typhoid, 
by the flood of liquid manure on the 25th day of January. 

However just and proper, therefore, it is for the Local Board of Health to 
continue to carry out what is stated in the concluding sentence of its report, viz.: 
“ The Board therefore is now turning its attention more particularly to endeavor- 
ing to better the unsanitary conditions which appear to be a large factor in the 
case, it is clear that the conclusion arrived at is unfortunate, since it makes the 
Board to whom, under the statute is specially delegated the duty of calling 
attention to causes of disease, to appear before the 10,000 citizens of Windsor as 
neglecting absolutely by a single recommendation in the report to direct public 
attention to the plain and obvious cause of the disaster which your committee 
has been called upon to investigate. Your committee, therefore, without further 
dealing with the causes of the epidemic, desires to refer to the remedy or 
remedies which, from the facts collected from a study of cases in the recent out- 
break, from the sworn evidence of seventeen physicians, city officials, and promi- 
nent citizens, and from the experimental evidence and analysis by officers of your 
Board, are demanded for the contaminated public supply of the city of Windsor. 


From the evidence of the several persons sworn your committee gathers the 
following statistics : 


J. A. H. CAMPBELL, Chairman Local Board of Health, gave as his opinion 
that the cases of typhoid are not more than could be expected in a population. of 
10,000, and is of opinion that any prevalence of fever was due to filthy premises. 


MAXFIELD SHEPPARD, Member of Local Board of Health: “ My view is that 
the city water supply is at most times very impure ; also, my impression there- 
fore was that by extending the intake further out than it now is and introducing 
some taorough system of filtration, perhaps the greatest measure of relief would 
be obtained. Of course the results of filtration could be equally well applied 
above Walkerville.” 


J. A. ASHBAUGH, M.D., Secretary Medical Association : 


“There has been much dissussion with regard to removing the intake ; but 
if they could avoid Walkerville sewage, moving the intake and then filtering, we 
ought to get good water if the filter is good. We have had simply mud water 
lately.” 

C. W. Hoare, M.D., M.H.O., of Walkerville: 


“T consider the outbreak of typhoid due to the sewage of Walkerville reach- 
ing the Windsor intake pipe. 
“ Walkerville sewage is therefore in my opinion a permanent source of 
danger to Windsor if it gets into the water supply, which danger can be aggra- 
105 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


vated at any time by typhoid, cholera, diarrhoea or dysentery, being present in 
Walkerville 


“ As a medical health officer, and according to the views of sanitarians, I am 
of opinion that safety to the Windsor water supply can readily be obtained by 
going to a point above Walkerville which will be free from sewage contamination.” 


Henry RAayMonp CasGRAIN, M.D., Chairman of the Board of Water Com- 
missioners : 

“Since January, 1896, the water supply has been bad, but notably so since 
the flood at the beginning of February. 


“ My idea of a remedy is to extend the pipe into the river and apply filters. 
I do not base this opinion as to freedom from pollution at 500 feet from actual 
experiments. In case the supply were taken from Lake St. Clair, it is my opinion 
that owing to mud, etce., filtration would equally be necessary.’ 


E. W. S. Bausr, Esq., Member, of Water Commission : 


“ Have heard statement of Dr. Casgrain, as to duties of Water Commission, 
and agree therewith; also to his statement with regard to flood and impurity 
from manure. I had a conversation with Dr, Dwyer, a diver, about extending 
pipe, and he stated that if we extended out into what he called ‘ blue water, that 
we would have the very best of water. Iam also of this opinion, but not from 
personal knowledge.” 


J. O. ReaumeE, M.D., M.H.O., of Sandwich East : 


“J am inclined to think we are liable to an outbreak of typhoid, under 
present conditions of our water supply, at any time. So far as 1 have studied the 
question, I have come to the conclusion that filtration of the water is necessary.” 


foRREST F. BELL, M.D., Alderman: 


“The reason that the typhoid occurred in February was that the manure in 
the water was the predisposing cause. 


“J think the idea that we are going to filter out typhoid germs is a fraud, 
and that evon though the theory that a patent filter will filter the germs for a 
time is true, they soon get filthy, and the germs will be no better than a sedi- 
mentary bed.” 


JOHN CoventrRY, M.D., Mayor and ex-Medical Health Officer: 


“The water supply from its adoption to the present time has always been 
contaminated by the material emptied into the river three-quarters of a mile of 
the intake pipe. 


“ But the most serious contamination of all is, I consider, the Walkerville 
sewage ; and water contaminated by it, whether unfiltered or filtered, supplied to 
the inhabitants, is in my opinion a most dangerous water supply.” 


Mr. BarTLett, Police Magistrate, made a statement, not on oath, “that he 
thought going above the sewer would remove all the difficulty from sewage, and 
thought it could be easily done at a cost of $30,000 to $40,000.” 


R. LamBeRt, M.D., present Medical Health Officer : 


“ With regard to the effects of manure in the -water supply which occurred 
in January last, I am of the opinion that it was not healthy, and would cause to 
a certain extent, fever of a malarial type, and might cause death. 

“At the time of the outbreak I stated to the mayor that I thought that if 
the intake pipe were carried out 200 to 300 feet more than it is now, that it 
would remedy anything that might happen hereafter. 

106 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1886 


R. Carney, M.D., ex-Chairman of Local Board of Health: 


“I aseribe the disappearance of malaria to the surface drainage; and the 
appearance and increase of gastro-intestinal fever to the pollution of our water 
supply with animal excreta, as well as vegetable.” As chairman of the Local. 
Board of Health I have at different times had a conference with the water com- 
missioners, based solely on this ground and we suggested that they should take 
such steps as would remedy the pollution, leaving it to their own judgement the 
scheme to be adopted. 


JOHN Davis, Esq., ex-Chief Inspector of Distillaries for Canada: 


“ My opinion is that the public safety will best be consulted by going above 
Walkerville sewage, and that extension of pipe in its present point will not 
remove danger of pollution. 


D. W. Mason, Mayor of Windsor: 


“Without a doubt the intake pipe supplying the water, when open, has 
shown that the water was polluted by “liquid manure” 


“Tfeel that the present steps that are being taken by the Water Com- 
missioners for extending the intake pipe 500 feet in all would bring us to what 
is known as the grand body of water, and thereby abate any danger of pollution. 


W. Norman, C.E., City Engineer : 


Regardless of the cost, ] would prefer taking the city supply from above 
Walkerville, moving the pumping plant all up there.” 


J. H. SmituH, L.D.S., ex-Water Commissioner : 


“T am of opinion now, that so far as sentiment goes, and so far as the name 
that has been given to the city of being satisfied to take its public supply below 
Walkerville sewer is concerned, it would be well worth the expenditure to the 
city to take the supply above the Walkerville sewer; but with the extension of 
the pipe 200 feet out, and a proper filter, 1 think Windsor would be supplied 
with a water practically free from danger.” 


“There can be no doubt that Windsor has sustained an incalculable loss 
financially, owing to the opinion that is entertained here and elsewhere, regard- 
ing the conditions of its public supply. As a result of this, people are afraid to 
come to reside in Windsor, or to invest money here, and the town could well 
afford to spend any ordinary amount to remove the suspicion.” 


JOHN HALL, Chief Engineer of Waterworks for twenty-one years : 


“There has been during all this time sources of animal pollution of the river 
above the supply, such as those instanced by Dr. Coventry, whose evidence I 
heard.” 


“To overcome the sentiment against the intake being below the Walkerville 
sewer, I think we had better take it above Walkerville.” 


JoHN Bort, Mayor of Walkerville, said : 


“The water of Lake St. Clair, is at present very muddy and the river 
Detroit, is itself in a more filthy state than is at all usual.” Such a condition of 
lake and river might be expected after the floods which have existed lately, but 
ordinarily the lake St. Clair water, as supplied at Walkerville is so clear, that in 
the house of the witness it is always used unfiltered. The witness is obliged to 
to have the lake water filtered for family use at present. No fever is known to 
exist in- town. Observes a clean streak of water in the centre of the river, of 
perhaps three-fourths of a mile in breadth, but it is not always to be seen, alter- 


107 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


ing in appearance with various conditions of the wind. Has observed that under 
a strong wind, the water is kept up, that the river rises about two feet in twenty- 
four hours.” 

The extracts just given from the sworn evidence of tifteen persons out 
of the sixteen referring to the matter, all express practically but one opinion, 
as to the polluted character of the Windsor water supply, and every witness 
except one, including the Police Magistrate, one of the oldest residents of the city, 
is of the opinion that active steps must be taken to remove both the danger to 
the citizens, and the discredit which the suspicious character of the water has 
brought upon the city as a place of residence. 

The opinions given as to remedy, may be said to be covered by four pro- 
positions. | 


Ist. The maintenance of the pumping station in its present position, and the 
extension of the pipe to a distance of 500 feet from the shore. 


2nd. The maintenance of the pumping station as at present, the extension of 
the pipe 500 feet, and the establishment of a filtering plant on the shore. 


3rd. The changing of the position of the intake, to some point in Walker- 
ville, above the sewer outlet, to a point in the river unaffected by the Walkerville 
sewage. 

4th. The changing of the position of the intake, to some point in Walker- 
ville above the sewer outlet, to a point in the river unaffected by the Walkerville 
sewage, with the addition of filtration to remove suspended mineral and vegetable 
impurities, which are often of an excessive and disagreeable character. . 

The extracts already given, indicate that there is but one view of the needs 
of the city, and that is an uncontaminated supply ; hence your committee has 
nothing more to do, than to determine which of the several propositions will 
most perfectly comply with the views so generally expressed by the witnesses, 
who from their several positions must be considered the best fitted to express 
correct views on the situation, and to speak for the people as a whole. 

With regard to the first proposition, viz., the simple carrying of the intake © 
pipe out 500 feet into what Mayor Mason characterizes as the “grand flow” of 
the water, it may be said that there can be little doubt, but that the nearer the 
centre of the current of the river, the less will be the deposits in the stream, and 
the further from shore pollution. 

As has been, however, abundantly shown in the history of all rivers, and 
likewise in the Detroit river, there is no certainty of any point of the channel 
being ut all times free from the effects of changing currents, caused notably by 
the changing surface levels, due to piling up of water under the influence of a 
wind often blowing one or more days from the same quarter. Changes in the great 
lakes of four and five feet of level have often been noted. } 

But the experiments already given both by Mr. Davis, and by Mr. Mac- 
kenzie, indicate that definite pollution does extend beyond the present intake, 
and the following results of bacteriological analysis of the samples of water taken 
by myself on the 14th of Apr.l last, in company with Mr. Hall, Chief Engineer 
and Mr. Reid, ex-Commissioner and made by Mr. Mackenzie, show conclusively 
the presence of micro-organisms at a time, days after the snow had disappeared 
from the lands along the river, to an extent quite incompatible with the safe use of 
the river water in its raw and unfiltered condition. 

These samples taken within an hour of one another, were at once packed in 
ice, and expressed to the laboratory, and plate cultures made within nine hours 
from time of taking. They arrived there at a temperature of three degrees above 


108 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


freezing, so that they maybe said to have very closely represented the exact 
number of bacteria present at tae moment of taking. 

In the three colums are given the source of sample, the number of bacteria 
per one cubic centimetre of water, and the presence or absence of bacillus coli 
communis, the micro-organism always present in sewage, and in manure pollution : 


anata Bacteria per cubic Bacillus coli 
cenimetre. communis. 
Askin’s Point, about 200 feet from shore............ ....00. re 14,000 Absent. 
Dslborvilo intakes «0.5 saute cert iguert) ame aN, hte 13,300 Absent. 
Walkerville sewer, 250 feet out and 200 feet below............ 23, 164 Absent. 
Windsor intake, 500 feet from shore ......... ........-. Bite 21,000 Absent. 
Windsor intake, 250 feet fromshord ..-.-).c ¢c-5.> oc ss kcek ee 29,874 Numerous. 
Windsor intake, 115 feet from shore .......... .c.ececc sc ecee 58,100 Numerous. 


For the reasons already given and referred to by Mayor Bott, and Dr. 
Lambert in evidence, regarding the changing character of the currents, and the 
river pollution, too much importance must not be attached to a single series of 
analysis ; but this much is fairly concluded from the figures, viz., that at a time 
when lake St. Clair is receiving pollution from every side, and is relatively at its 
worst, it is relatively notably better as regards bacteria present, as shown by the 
samples taken nearest it, than the river samples taken at Windsor intake, even 
the one taken 500 feet from off the shore. Thus Askin’s point is fifty per cent. 
better than 500 feet from shore opposite the present intake. 

They similarly show that while Walkerville water was getting no sewage, 
as shown by B. coli, Windsor supply has numerous colonies of B. coli, both at 
the inshore and outer intakes. 

The supposed point at all times of the “grand flow” at 500 feet, as believed 
by Mayor Mason and the diver Dr. Dwyer, is therefore shown to be mythical and 
not based upon exact knowledge, since 21,000 bacteria per c.c. were found present 
at that point 

We are therefore driven to set aside the first proposition of simply extending 
the intake, as a means of securing at all times a safe supply of water. 

The second proposition is the same with addition of a filtering plant. With 
regard to the efficiency of any filter to remove at all times, dangerous germs from 
sewage polluted water much has been said and written; but with the classical 
illustrations during 1892, of the sand bed filters of Altona, of the most approved 
construction, allowing for a few days in cold weather, cholera germs from Ham- 
burg sewage water to pass through, owing to the bed being overtaxed, a part of 
the bed having been frozen on the surface, we see how even the best management 
occasionally fails; while the Tees epidemic otf typhoid, reported upon in two large 
volumes by the local government board of Great Britain in 1892, shows that the 
sand filters managed by « water company, were quite defective in protecting against 
a flood of sewage, washed down during a week of heavy rains, Manifestly there- 
fore while tilter plants can do very much as shown in Berlin, London and élse- 
where, to improve waters polluted with sewage, your committee cannot for a 
moment admit the practical wisdom of Windsor, attempting to filter out sewage 
germs from so near a source as 3,000 feet, (even by sand filters,) when the neces- 
sity therefor and the danger therefrom, can be wholly avoided by going above 
Walkerville, while they have yet to learn that any kind of mechanical tilters can 


do the work more perfectly. 
109 


$9 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


We thus naturally are forced to the conclusion, of most of the witnesses who 
gave evidence, that the carrying of a pipe above Walkerville sewage is alone a 
satisfactory method of dealing with the pollution. This it will be remembered, 
is the basis of the agreement between Windsor and Walkerville, in the litigation 
of 1898, by which the suit was ended. As a legal document, illustrating how the 
court and wise lawyers may sometimes prevent the waste of large amounts of 
money in suits over questions of facts not to be altered by years of litigation your 
committee gives in full, the consent minutes in the case of Regina v. Walkerville. 


CONSENT MINUTES. 
ReGInA v. WALKERVILLE :—It is agreed between the parties that the questions in difference shall be 
settled between the parties in the following manner : 


1. An iron intake pipe of not less than thirty inches in diameter shall be extended not less than 400 
feet in a northerly direction into the Detroit river from Askin’s point, thence along the highway in a 
westerly direction to Walkerville crossing the present Walkerville intake pipe and thence along the high- 
way ; the pip2 reduced to twenty-seven inches in diameter to the Windsor waterworks from the time that 
it crosses the Walkerville system, such pipe to be of first-class material well finished and laid, the whole 
material and work to be at a cost not less than $55,000 and not more than $65,000 to be finished at the cost 
of Windsor and to the satisfaction of the city engineer, for the time being, of the City of Toronto, in case 
the parties differ. 


2 Walkerville shall contribute on the completion of such work so certified as aforesaid in the propor- 
tion of one-tenth cost thereof as above specified. 


3. The said pipe shall be jointly used by Windsor and Walkerville in the future as the means of sup- 
plying water to both of the said municipalities and nothing shall be done by either of the said municipalities 
detrimental to the user by the other of such water not to interfere with any arrangements which may be 
made by the Water Commissioners of Windsor with Sandwich. 


4. In case of any breakage or damage arising in the said pipe between the intake and the crossing of 
the Walkerville waterworks system the same is to be duly and prozerly repaired by Windsor to the satisfac- 
tion of the engineer aforesaid of which repair Walkerville is to pay one-tenth. 


5. Both parties are to facilitate Windsor in procuring such legislation as may be needed to effectuate 
this agreement to bear the expenses thereof in proportion aforesaid. 


(Sged.) By Counsel. 
22nd September, 1893. 


Settlement in terms of consent minutes annexed hereto judgment accordingly. 


It has already been stated why the order of the cdurt, was not carried out 
in 1893, owing to the courts having quashed a by-law of the Windsor Council. 

As stated by Dr. Hoare, M.H.O., of Walkerville, as well as one as one of the 
gentlemen interested in the Walkerville waterworks, that town is still quite 
willing to carry out its part of the agreement. 

The fourth proposition is, that in addition to carrying a pipe above Walker- 
ville, a filtration plant be in addition established there, by which both towns can 
be supplied with filtered water. 

As to the necessity of this, we have this in Dr. Hoare’s evidence. Mr. 
Sheppard asked if he thought the service would be sufficient without a filter ? 
Dr. Hoare believed that so far as typhoid is concerned, his experience taught him 
that it would. 

In as much as the question of filtration adds additional expense, the point 
made is important. Your committee, however would refer you to the evidence 
of Mayor Bott, of Walkerville, already quoted. that he is, “obliged to have the 
lake water filtered for family use at present,” and to the great dissatisfaction 
which from many quarters, as at Hamilton, Toronto, Detroit, Cleveland, etc., is 
expressed at the use of the water which becomes turbid with every storm, and 
remains so for several days. Detroit, which fortunately is in a position to get its 
water nearer the river current, has already adopted sedimenting basins, so your 
committee is informed, while in the recent report of the eminent English 
Engineer, Mansergh, it is laid down as a sine qua non to the use of Lake Ontario, 
that Toronto put in sedimenting tanks and filter beds. The benefits to be deriv- 


110 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


ed from filtration in such cases is two-fold; First, sanitary by removing such 
bacterial pollution as that shown in the report on the samples taken at Askin’s 
point and the Walkerville intake; and second, an economic one, by preventing 
the filling of water mains with mud, thereby reducing their calibre and endanger- 
ing their tightness as seen in the rising of the Toronto pipe from this cause; and 
the still more important one of preventing the wear of pumping machinery and 
engines in the city, and of house taps. 

As an illustration of what this pollution means, the following amounts of 
solid matter were found in samples A. B. C., taken by Engineer Hall from the 
Detroit river, April 11: 


Analysis of Samples of Wuter from Windsor. In parts per million. 


a A. | B C. 
PAT onial eee ae ee Ss SOE pe ENO GLL 0.011 
ANVeNCASTNO Lol heey one As SSA Apiddl Joewulanoctehanee 0.124 0.124 0.124 
Nitrogen as nitrates and nitrites ...... Sy tp ee ae 0.223 0.221 | 0,221 
Chiorinezasmehlorides sce mick heroes horas erotic.) ae 3.0 3.0 3.0 
OLR SAOLIGE A ee oat ne en he Mate-ath rete See me Sale 180.0 | 178. 180.0 


Calculated for four million gallons of water, it would mean that with 180 parts 
per million there would be nearly two tons of mineral and organic matter pumped 
into the Windsor pipes every day. 

Manifestly, therefore, it is advisable both from the sanitary and economic 
standpoints, to have effective filtration added to the scheme for taking the 
common supply of Windsor and Walkerville, above the point of pollution. 

Your committee therefore in conclusion, reviewing the history of the Windsor 
waterworks, since its installation, but especially since 1887; regarding the pol- 
luted state of the water, as shown by numerous analyses during the last six years ; 
recognizing the force of the opinions expressed regarding the pollutions in the 
pamphlet, “Information for the Ratepayers”, issued and signed by the Water 
Commissioners, urging the people to vote money for the pipe to Askin’s point, 
issued in 1893; but especially in view of all the facts which have been brought 
out in the recent investigation by the Local Board, and in the sworn evidence of 
17 witnesses, relating to the recent typhoid epidemic, and its direct connection 
with polluted public drinking water, begs leave to recommend that the Board 
under the powers vested in it, under sec. 3 cap. 49, Public Health Act, 1895, do 
instruct the Councils of Windsor and Walkerville, to jointly take immediate 
action to establish the intake of their common water supply at a point in the 
Detroit River, well above the pollution of the river by Walkerville sewage ; and 
that this action be demanded of Windsor to remove the danger from the pollution 
of her present source, and equally of Walkerville, in order that she be relieved of 
the present necessity of removing her sewage outfall from the river, and of dis- 
posing of her sewage in such other manner as might be designated by this Board ; 
also, that it is strongly advised that for reasons already advanced, the supply be 
filtered by such means as may be approved of. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 
J.D. MACDONALD, 
CHAIRMAN. 


PETER H. BRYCE. 
EK. E. KITCHEN. 
HARRY E. VAUX. 


111 


essing iT. 


s 


BELLEVILLE. 
Report oF Mepican HeautH OFFICER. 


BELLEVILLE, ONT., November 26, 1895. 
To the Secretary Provincial Board of Health : 


Sir,—I herewith present my report for the City of Belleville, for the year of 1895. The 
sanitary state of the city has very much improved during the past year, a house to house inspec- 
tion was made by the sanitary inspector and his assistants, and all yards, ceas pools and water 
closets cleaned and disinfected. ‘There has been fifteen cases of typhoid, five cases of scarlet 
fever and mild form of measles during the past month but not one single death from either 
scarlet fever or measles. nor has there been during the year a single case of diphtheria in the 
city. The typhoid fever cases in many instances were contracted from well water owing, in my 
opinion, to the lowness and want of rain. I ordered some closed up, indeed I think it time that 
all wells in cities where a city supply of water can be obtained should be closed. 


After years of waiting our city fathers have woke up to the necessity of drainage and this 
year have completed two very important ones. I hope soon to see the whole city thoroughly 
drained and then with plenty of good water the mortality of the city will become the lowest in 
the Dominion. 


R. TRACY, 
ih al hones 


BRANTFORD. 


Report oF Mepicat HEALTH OFFICER. 
The Chairman and Members of the Brantford Board of Health: 
GENTLEMEN,—I have the honor to present my report on the sanitary condition of Brantford 
for the year ending October 31st, 1895. 
Mortuary Statistics. 


The number of deaths in the city during the year was 255, making the death rate 15.56 per 
thousand in a population of 16.332. 
The death rate in 1894 was 18.03. In 1893 it was 13.83 and in 1892 it was 14.03. 


The causes of death were as follows :— 


KC OTIS MENLO LL eR ee Bo ene elas Stet rere ee la ofo'e cielbahe aha uous 4 dias o\ ele stele aha 24 
Cholera Infantum and Diarrhosal AITOCTIOUB. fetes Ae Awe hd cee 22 
Diy pITOL HPA V GW prt rave a ie arora npayertea tis etaia: clanle Bs, dhe diwi'e'a "9, Wn SNe Sete che trae 16 
POT UG STIA HIV LC LOU Dima alertaettee aierehsy te teie tet ou. «skies scx uelivht) SehbLly nuayclebpatate 15 
MT OLN GTACRIINON eee Ey Trees onl aban eee pee ea cas tena Sere ay erat soecerate aie acer Wee) 


Fifty were under one year of age ; sixty-nine under five years ; sixty were over sixty years 
and twenty-three over eighty years of age. 


Typhoid Fever. 


There were sixteen deaths from Typhoid fever during the sanitary year, four in November 
and December, 1894, and twelve during the outbreak this year up to November Ist. The whole 
number of fever cases reported, including very many however which were extremely mild and 


brief, was 247. 
Compared with recent years we. had, 


TAL GO Tiers crews os average per year....... ape GO? CABOB a. sire. .«eee10 deaths. 
LESS eee tars a eras tara ie reas “6 
FSS U oe tre ode’ ph ig A SH Peas eirce ten ‘ 
hS OO Fe ee es Nt ns oe ea a Dee ey rae : pe 
DB OD. dette. SO p Heme Sctot . MNS G PREM ce atrial sf aft Pe 
TD steer cabins tidy red Cee paaae eT DOR eet Nee Saas oan ts 
RSQ Shes stews LOWY WWD Wis asia "oy eas as ceed AS Dias nen Meg AC Ca 
Ls Odor, seks: eve oh Sind Wie IR INOn tren Bian & G2 inno hsiae. a ee 5 ae 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


This wide spread outbreak of Typhoid fever, rivalling in fatality that which prevailed in 
1887 and previous years, occurring after several years of comparative immunity was the cause 
of much anxiety and alarm. 


As outbreaks of Typhoid fever are most commonly due to contaminated water either used 
directly as drinking water or indirectly by means of a contaminated milk supply, the condition 
of our water supplies became at once a matter of the greatest concern. 


These supplies were from two principal sources, the public water supply or city water, 
supplying over one-half of the population, and private wells, mostly surface wells, supplying 
the remainder. The idea became prevalent amongst many that contamination of the city water 
was the cause of the outbreak of fever, and very many families discontinued the use of city 
water and resorted again to private wells. 


Under these circumstances it was a matter of first importance to have a thorough investig- 
ation to ascertain the actual facts in relation to the epidemic, and especially to discover whether 
either or both of our sources of water supply were impure or responsible for it. This investi- 
gation was obviously more important as to city water than as to wells, because in the one case a 
remedy for contamination was possible in the other it was not possible. 


We owe the greatest possible thanks to the Provincial Board of Health for the prompt, 
earnest and efficient way in which they came to our assistance in the investigation, with the 
invaluable personal aid of the Secretary, Dr. Bryce, and the Bacteriologist and Analyst, Mr. 
J. J. McKenzie. 


The investigation involved on the one hand an inspection ofall premises in which fever was 
reputed to exist to ascertain all the facts bearing on each case, especially the source of water 
supply, city or well or both, the condition of the wells and their surroundings in relation to 
contamination, and the source of the milk supply ; also an inspection of dairies supplying milk 
to the city as to their sanitary condition. particularly as to their water supply ; also an inspec- 
tion of everything pertaining to the public water supply, as to possible sources of contamination. 


It involved on the other hand chemical analysis and complete bacteriological examin- 
ations of many samples of city water and of the varivus waters of the river, canal and Dead 
Creek, having a relation tothe public water supply. Also bacteriological examinations of var- 
ious private wells especially of those where fatal or serious cases of fever has occurred. 


I have tabulated some of the results of this investigation. 


The first table shows the whole number of fever cases reported during the year ending 
October 3lst, and the number using city water and well, in each Ward. Ward No 1 is divided 
into north and south by the river, so as to show West Brantford separately. Ward No. 2 is 
divided by the railway into north and south, to show Terrace Hill separately, and Ward No. 5 
is divided, by the canal into north and south to show Eagle Place separately. 


Table 1.—Fever cases, water used. 


3 % 
A 8 5 : 
f= me So [oF ha oO 
(a) [oe] oO © {<0} 
Ward. 3 | ee Ass ; E 3 
rat eae Oe oe 48 f 2 < 2 ; 
MAP Orie Buses bes eae epic |e 
au 5 S | os a S) > aa) 
BUN ENR lle aga yy 2,211 163 18 18 i 8 9 1 
Ths eA ee eee 1371 26 248 ieee 11 fee 
DEN aR Ae 1.126 86 139 56 3 ié 33 : 
ESM aids Fie 2340 365 103 37 40 ho 1g 29 2 
BURCH het A coe aes 3,521 602 102 66 4 25 34 7 
AAA eee a 2'817 138 425 35 1 5 28 D 
Bane i Riera 1,433 177 109 15 1 2 u 9 
yn oa re a pe 1.513 26 276 9 Cy yee ot |= ae 
16,332 | 1,699 1,565 247 16 69 | 167 | 21 


1 South is West Brantford. 2 North is Terrace Hill. 5 South is Eagle Place. 


116 


59 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Table 2.—Deaths from Typhoid Fever, water used. 


No. Died. Name. Age, Street. Water used. 
385 | November 1, 1894...... Takia 53 169EWilliam 09.92.00 8: Well. 
381 rf 9, 1894.5 20. THO Cee 25 WeWiilharay. vee keke a 
4 e 19, 1894...... WeP Raikes 26 ATCIUL pence es cere wes ES 
105 | December 5, 1894...... A.M. J ..... 22 Harle Places 27.00) teoe ee < 
66 July 26, 1895...... MP ES ae, 2% 39 SEI BMiOGer ac auees be ete: f 
65 | August 25, 1895...... | aS Da Bede he ea 18 Fi LOeepligr see ae atic ean « fer 
77 «| July 30, 1895...... Be Wits. iat 18 Park Saveuente as taen cones os : 
106 | August 28, 1895...... dia) 5 helt ae 35 Eagle Place ............. 
79 os 8,1 1800s age Madsen et: 32 40 Nelsonrer ray cee 4 
97 September 3, 1895...... Urn Rie pee ape ee 25 Colborne: fe. ce keer ae! $s 
234 | October 15, 1895...... RO teeta ie 19 Duflerin aves. cise. aos? ey 
159 ay ZOE LSOD a ner ote Tse Bere erate so 56 Terrace Hill. es ty as 
213 i P19) 1890 kas Boe iro 18 44 Kinoaetet at City. 
224 ‘ 19,1895, 25.25 FON Mente 10 Teérrace- Hill, oo. eects. Well 
Dilealomis’ 93, 1805..',... TESRMR ay, 16 31 Niagaraie ose ee se 
227 | Se 20, 1895...... (EB Rew wte re 20 Williams eter. sponte My 


No. 97, I. M., in the country two weeks just before illness, No. 159, R. P., refused to use city water. 
Since writing this table have been told that B. D. had malignant diphtheria after typhoid fever. 


Table 3.—Showing Milk Supply of Fever Cases. 


: No. of No. of No, using Per cent. 
Milkman. customers. fever cases. city water. of fever cases. 

atest ar eaten lo gs Pace SS A a ae —_— | ety Le 
UIE geet h Remnan Sele ein ste nek Oe cua co ee 309 29 12 9 
POWerd DPOB: cere eet ei ee eee 135 15 5 11 
ROLROTIN Gs SAFE EP SCs cine ot9 132 10 2 8 
IRISH ANIE Shoe e srocctewoleke Het en eee 119 ES SIRES oe uel laeenton i 
BSS ha Ses, ae a Ne ad EA I Sen 119 42 11 35 
SPONCOL Mert Marae let ec cee wteet es 114 8 2 7 
POP COUsSHe. Ae Mesos Shots eke eas oes 124 13 2 10 
PVA TELOM parol Sst vee er eit oh oles aes 103 11 5 11 
DOLIICLOEIAL SE bcc wkswaci ins hee Cale iets eee 82 5 2 6 
PASBIMNOTO MD Gosh stieltia stake ocho ken okies 100 Died CUR te ein ie) bart gee y 
MVEGIGWATI Ye? peas eects sre. cette ie 99 gOS i Rie 8 et 12 
MAINCEA MS Ce Coc eo teak ee hore ence 91 9 1 10 
MOGLT Vititccien «2 Wrage Minette erties 92 Bea ae le atta sales aca eee 9 
Willige tee. cates soak gat eae oariati, 88 23 6 25 
PIPATU TAC Oey. te nets teeta c/o weet tees 65 Qe a See ONS tn, ae 12 
Warde teom. Cec tee tee oe the ck 76 11 4 14 
ESET Abbe ik. ess ok cae ee Tee Meus 75 5 1 7 
PE ATES Cah ae, Peat ce anti 60 2 [agar Mage 3 
AL UCIT MIS crate oh oi slats Or ise oa boaters 17 10 6 59 
IGOR a ocre arek Den ete dition eens 13 Lose as) oe Mares. Goat Aer elas Be hc tain 
MENCIUGLE ME sehr ose etree et eee LO eee, Ect tas Sonar al otras ek eee meme Tete Pceliata setae atte 
RAP COTLW OUI oe. set ee. ace aie os Cer Hae tales lin Ste 4s: ofa 6 ofa sulate.e 9 Se ART TY a ets a 

2,025 240 Oy ER OUR [Fel SRe ae 9 Ses Sw ge 


A few used their own cows. 


Table two shows that of the 247 cases of fever reported, 69 were reported as users of city 
water. : 


Table three shows the source of milk supply of 62 of these cases, of these 62 city water 
drinkers, 23 had their milk from only three milkmen, and these three had 75 cases of fever 
amongst their 224 customers. Fifty-one of these city water drinkers had their milk from eight 
milkmen, who had 152 fever cases amongst their 971 customers. 


117 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


It has thus been shown that of the sixteen fatal cases of Typhoid fever occurring in one 
year fifteen were habitual users of well water, from bad and doubtful wells; that of the 247 cases 
reported, sixty-nine were users of city water, and 176 used well water [twenty-one of them also 
used city water]. Of the 69 users of city water the suurse of milk supply of 62 is given in table 
three, where it is seen that the milkmen supplying them were a comparatively small number having 
amongst their customers a very large majority of the fever cases. Three milkmen alone having 23 


of the 62 cases. Allowing for an uncertain number of cases contracting fever neither by the | 


agency of water or milk but by actual contact with patients, it would be seen that all the cases 
occurring in Brantford are reasonably accounted for. 


Bacteria prapagate with extraordinary facility in milk so that a trifling quantity of impure 
water used in rinsing vessels may be as dangerous as drinking the impure water directly. The 
wells in the country as well as in town have been unusually bad thts year causing much fever 
in the villages, and the wells of the dairymen have some of them been exceptionally impure. 
Whether impure water is drunk directly from a private well in the city or taken indirectly by 
means of milk from a bad well in the country the result may be the same. 


It is remarkable that in Fagle Place and also in West Brantford, in both of which districts 
a considerable amount of fever occurs, two in Eagle Place being fatal, no city water was used at 
all amongst any of the cases. It is also remarkable that neither in the Ladies College, the 
Institute for the Blind, nor in any other public institutions where city water is exclusively used 
has there been a solitary case of fever though the inmates were in large proportion to the ages 
most susceptible to fever. 


In the small villages and amongst the farmers in the county, fever has prevailed in a much 
greater rate than even in Brantford. No public water supply caused that. Per contra in some 
of our large cities where private wells are almost unknown, and where their public supply has 
been known to be inferior, no serious outbreak of fever has occurred. Obviously the reason is 
that though not pure, their waters have been far better than that of wells referred to. 


Having regard to all the facts collected and to the various considerations referred to the 
conclusion seems irresistible without resorting to any bacteriological examination or chemical 
analysis, that our city water is in no respect to be regarded as responsible for the outbreak of 
fever in Brantford. 


Such examinations have however been made in the most thorough manner by the most 
competent authority, and have settled coaclusively that there have been no impurities in the 
city water which could be the cause of fever, 


In regard to chemical analysis I need hardly repeat my published remarks in my report to 
the water commissioners, in re Dr. Bissell’s report, in which I pointed out that all the chemical 
analysis ever made by any persons from 1885 to 1895 were substantially the same, that there has 
been no change in the chemical constitution of the water and that therefore such chemical con- 
stitution can have nothing to do with our recent epidemic, no matter what opinions may have 
been expressed about it. 


As to the bacteriological examinations, a few were made for the Provincial Board of Health 
in September by Mr. McKenzie of the University of Toronto, and shortly after seventeen sam- 
ples were examined by Dr. Bissell, of Buffalo. ‘To these examinations I have already referred. 
Early in November, examinations of forty-eight samples were made by Mr. McKenzie for the 
Provincial Board of Health, his report will go to that Board, but he has sent me a copy of the 
examinations which I annex hereto by permission :— 


1. Samples of city water thirty-two from private wells, mostly where fever has been ; 
two from the river ; two from the canal and one from Dead Creek. 
2. Other samples I have ‘sent to Mr. McKenzie as to which he has not yet reported. 


_ I trust the public will carefully examine the report of these examinations. I can at present 
only m»ke two or three remarks upon them. 


1. A few of the private wells gave fairly good samples with bacteria ranging from 190 to 
1,000, comparatively harmless in character, the driven wells generally much better than the pit 
wells. 


2. A large number of private wells show extremely impure samples, pernicious bacteria, 
ranging from 1,000 to 4,000, aud in two or three instances much above that. 

3. The eleven samples of city water were in the highest degree satisfactory, bacteria from 
40 to 250, averaging 107, harmless in character. 

4, River at Dickey’s—2,000 ; at Wilkes’ Dam—2,560. 

5. Canal—1,350, 1,860, two samples. 

6. Dead Creek—3,150. 

118 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


It will be observed that samples examined by Dr. Bissell, in September, showed the river 
at Wilkes’ Dam at 1,060, compared with Mr. McKenzie’s sample in November at 2,560; and 
Dead Creek by Bissell in September gave 1,420, and by McKenzie in November gave 3,150. 


The fact that in November owing to recent rains the river and Dead Creek were dirtier 
than in September explains that difference, and the fact that in November the ground water was 
high and the filtering galleries were not sucking from Dead Creek, as they were in September, 
satisfactorily accounts for the other. 


It is plain that the purity of the city water has at times been sensibly impaired by filtration 
from Dead Creek, and although it may be shown that this has had nothing to do with causing 
the epidemic of fever, it has yet done much harm by causing hundreds to avoid the city water 
and revert to wells, many cases of fever we know to have been thus caused ; for example No. 
159 in table 2 used city water, but when the fever began and doubts were thrown upon it, he 
refused to use it and therea‘ter used water from a well which is shown by McKenzie’s report to 
have had 21,000 bacteria per cubic centimetre, and undoubted sewage contamination, the result 
was death. 


I have always urged the necessity of abolishing the Creek. Dr. Bryce although satisfied 
that fever was not due to it, has in his report recommended it to be abolished, and I am glad to 
say that by the order of the Commissioners the work is being done under the approval of the 
Melical Health Officer. About 700 feet in length after being pumped out have been already 
thoroughly cleaned down to the gravel. The work is to be completed in the spring. Thousands 
of loads of refuse have been taken out, much of it probably harmless, but some of it extremely 
offersive. That this objectionable feature of the waterworks system is being abolished and all 
risks of contamination from that source removed should be a matter of the greatest satisfaction. 


Any and all other probable sources of the slighest contamination of our water supply must 
be jeclously guarded against, so as to place it entirely above suspicion, and to secure for it 
universal confidence. 


Th’s being done the public will be less reluctant to abandon private wells, the difficulty in 
carrying out the recommendations of the Provincial Board of Health in that respect, will be 


lessened, we will not be likely to be again subject to an outbreak of fever such as occurred 
this year. 


Diphtheria and Scarlet Fever. 


There were fifteen cases of Scarlet Fever reported during the year, none of which were fatal. 
There were seventy-one cases of Diphtheria and Croup reported, fifteen of which were fatal. 


Acting under directions of this Board, I purchased for the use of any physicians desiring it an 
anti-toxine syringe, and have kept constantly on hand asmall supply of anti-toxine, to be sold at 
cost. Six o1seven of the city physicians have availed themselves of this convenience, using the 
anti-toxine only in cases of great severity. It has been used in some fifteen cases, inany of them 
in great periland the results have been susprisingly good, only two cases in which it was used have 
been fatal, «nd they were in a hopeless condition when it was given. I trust the Board will 
approve of my continuing to keep a supply on hand and 92f allowing it free in indigent cases. 


The expressed intention of the Governors of the John H. Stratford Hospital to furnish 
the long-requred hospital provisions for cases of Scarlet Fever and Diphtheria, will I sincerely 
trust at last be carried out, so that we may be placed in a position to give assistance in urgent 
cases, and to limit the spread of those diseases. 


Milk Supply. 


There are at the present time thirty-one licensed milk vendors of milk. There are 672 cows, 
572 at present givirg in milking and yielding 2,965 quarts per diem. An average additional 
supply of 449 quarts daily from seventy-five cows is obtained from other dairymen supplying the 
vendors. It thus appears that about 750 cows are required for this service and that over 3,000 
quarts are daily soldin the city. The annual cost of the milk supply of the city exceeds $50,000. 
I give here a table showing the results of the last milk testing. These results as will be seen 
are, with two or three exceptions highly satisfactory, they give a good average of 3.83 of butter 
fat. Those samples below 3.50 cannot be considered as up to the mark of first-class milk. It 
is of course not certain that the single sample examined shows the average quality of that par- 
ticular supply, ve only know that the sample was fairly taken from the delivery wagon. 


Periodical milk testing is of great importance, securing to us, as our experience proves it 
has done, an average improvement of about twenty per cent. in the strength of milk represent- 
ing many thousands of dollars in annual value. | 


119 


4 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


All the herds have this year been examined by a veterinary surgeon and his very satisfact- 
ory report is before you. I think in addition to sanitary inspection work that there should be 
hereafter at least one annual inspection of all the herds by a veterinary surgeon, with a view to 
guarding against the developement of tuberculosis and to the peremptory elimination of all 
unhealthy cattle. I am convinced that many of the dairymen have been exceedingly lax in 
reporting affections of their cattle as required by their undertakings, and think that such laxity 
should no longer be tolerated. 


One example within my personal knowledge will suffice to emphasize this point. 


Last spring one of the dairymen had a cow which had a swelling of the jaw and appeared 
not to be in good health, he consulted a veterinary surgeon who declined to operate believing 
that the disease would return, as the cow was failing in her milk she was sold for a dollar toa 
butcher. The dairyman says he supposed the carcase was to be fed to hogs. The disease was 
plainly actinomyosis or lumpy jaw, a dangerous and contagious disease. Whether the animal ~ 
was fed to hogs or to man, and if to hogs what became of the hogs I have not been able to dis- 
cover. If the required legal notice had been given all this could not of have occurred. The 
animal would have been at once destroyed. 


The danger of Typhoid Fever being propagated by milk from dairies having a bad water 
supply, which our experience this year has shown, calls for a more through inspection of dairy 


premises in future in regard to all their sanitary relations and especially in regard to their water 
supplies. 


TABLE OF MILK TESTINGS. 


December 4th and 5th, 1895. 


see Lactometer. | Butter Fat. Source of Supply, 

Dec. 4th. 
RERIIE s WV ev Ewe oie tniess cg ase Cates eee 1,033.7 4.40 | Steadman & Edmondsor. 
Moulds; 3) ames. oo ese ketenes 33.3 3.60 | Foulds, Mount Pleasant 
SICNCEL othe Ct sue vlc eee 33.2 4.40 | T. Brooks & Son. 
Birkett, T.°..: Neale Mew tits teeter 33.6 4.00 | Own Supply. 

GALI Mekee Se ectiee Sos wake seioaete 32,1 4.40 | Tisdale. 
BNVGLIGS Wastes shes «ote Be ceuticaty atime 33.3 4.00 | T. A. Secord. 
LO WAYO s/s 8 his se’ alin tives ua eta t eee 31.9 3.90 | John Brittan. 
WVibithiamy * fc Seca ota eens | 32.9 3.80 | Own Supply. 
VR VVALLIR Otani ho eens eer ae 34.7 4.80 | Own Supdly. | 
Green wood,» Run. Sains ws ae wien ae 31.9 3.20 | Own Supply. 
Porteus ..:...... oie Can bane bee 32.9 4.00 | Own Supply. 
Paulds Ni Disses. mtn oaths 32.9 5.60 | Bow Park. 
Bowers Drosac. ee ho ae eee 32.0 3.30 Kerr. 
IBOWEPS DIOB 0 lee esas Rae 32.9 4.90 Crawford. | 
IPeakmore,9., Ws totes ee cee 32.9 4.40 | Own Supply. 
OPE yah cuss Pie ssn xf stereoekaics hk ania eet 32.0 3.80 | Own Supply. 
NAAT eel rise ites tote alee. efers eteds emtatte 33.1 4.20 | Wm. Nunnick. 

DUNS ON esse vi setae seth aoe ren Sate 30.2 4.00 | Robert McEwan. 
UM sb (3 (r) 1) ANA io afte: Soe Mea ast 32.6 2.80 | W. D. Snider. 
MolWwan, Ag Re ot oe cre cts 33.0 4.55 | Own Supply. 
PUGUISOD, I Se dont gk tuner a te tala 32.6 | 5.80 | Own Supply. 

Dec. 5th. | | 
LOMSON fe) Ss ecto cAee Do wiih eee 32.6 5.80 ,; Own Supply. / 
DJUNBAON MOTOS. < Sck ue cavities wae 31.6 3.80 | W. D,. Snider 
CH RAGOCK rics ccT enh ean re 32.6 3.60 | Own Supply / 
Foulds, N. D........ Se Ae ae S09. 6.40 Bow Park. | 
Patton OOM tae stone tcwein ewe ate See re 3.15 | Own Supply; 
Brigtanset Walliamiinssis etitecmts cree ee 32.9 4.40 | Own Supply. 
GCudmore, William 072 60045 st aes 33.7 3.25 | Own Supply. 
iGO" a) AMOK, o>. Osa ecteh bi ation th 32.6 3.85 | Own Supply. 


Average Butter Fat 3.83 


120 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Sanitary Inspection. 


Besides the several hundreds of special inspections made on account of the fever epidemic, 
1,030 house to house inspections have been made this year. 


Two hundred and eighty-six complaints entered at the health office have been investigated 
and for the most part satisfactorily disposed of. There were sixteen prosecutions before the 
Police Magistrate, in all of which convictions were obtained. One was fined $2.00 and costs, 
five were required to pay $3.00 costs, and ten were discharged without costs on complying with 
the requirements of the inspector. 


I conclude this report from which I am obliged to omit reference owing to its length, to 
many important matters, by reminding the Board tat we have not yet secured a systematic 
system of garbage disposal. 1 have for years urged the necessity for this and have shown how 
at a moderate expense this service might be effected. 


Naturally the expenditure of money for this necessary sanitary work is not as popular as 
for acquiring beauty spots, or for other esthetic undertakings. One hundred dollars may be 
cheerfully paid to ornament the front yard, while a request for five dollars to clean up the back 
yard meets with no sympathy. 


I have the honor to be, gentlemen, * 
Your obedient servant, 


: } (Sgd.) E. GRIFFIN, 
Brantford, December 13th, 1895. Medical Health Officer. 


Since writing the above report I have received the report from Mr. McKenzie, of the results 
of the examination of additional samples of water sent to him. I attach this to his previous 
bacteriolgical report. 


The samples of river and canal water show a high degree of impurity from 9,760 to 11,178 
bacteria to the cubic centimetre. This is to be accounted for by the river being extremely turbid 
owing to a storm the night before the samples were taken. 


It is highly gratifying to see that the samples of city water taken the same morning showed 
extreme purity, 70 to 120 bacteria to the cubic centimetre. 


This forcibly illustrates the great perfection of filtration affected. 


(Sgd.) E. GRIFFIN, 
Medical Health Officer. 


HAMILTON. 


REPORT OF THE MeEpicaL HEALTH OFFICER, 
HamILtTon, Ont., 15th November, 1895. 
To the Chairman and Members of the Local Board of Health: 


GENTLEMEN,—I now present my annual report for the year ending on 31st October, 1895, 
The records received by me have been carefully gone over and show the following statistics : 


Our citizen mortality numbers 702. Males, 345 ; females, 357 ; taking our population at 
50,000 (which I consider under the mark) the death rate shows 14.4 per 1,000 ; 483 were buried 
in Hamilton cemetery, 149 in Roman Catholic cemetery and sixty-five of all creeds were taken 
to other family burial grounds. The total burials in Hamilton cemetery number 615, which 
includes eighty-nine non-residents and thirty-eight city, still-born. 


The records show that fifty-seven deaths occurred at the City Hospital, twenty at St. 
Joseph’s Hospital, thrze at House of Refuge and one at City Jail. Four citizens died while 
absent, their remains were brought back for burial. I can only find that five non-residents 
died in the hospitals. Their bodies were taken away for burial. 


121 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). | A. 1896 


There were 229 deaths of children under five years of age, of this number 170 were under 
one year. The deaths recorded from diarrhoeal diseases seem large, and canuot be-attributed 
solely to excessive heat, our past summer having been very moderate in that respect. Deaths 
from accidents are also conspicuous. 


Contagious diseases reported number 522, as follows: Diptheria, 138 cases and twenty-six 
deaths ; scarlet fever, seventy-six cases with nine deaths, and typhoid fever, ninety-four cases 
and seven deaths ; other infectious diseases number 214. 


The mortality from diphtheria has been much less this year than last, because the number 
of cases have been fewer. The published reports on the efficacy of antitoxine are so conflicting 
that its value as a curative agent in this disease must yet remain doubtful. One of its remark- 
able properties seems to exist inits reducing temperature. I think, however, that the tempera- 
ture in diphtheria reduces too rapidly in many instances without its aid. I have not yet been 
convinced of its utility. 


The accompanying tables illustrate. the frequency and mortality of special diseases by 
months and wards, and also show a comparative table for the previous eleven years. The death 
colurnn shows the number of deaths of the cases reported each month without reference to time 
of death. 


. Burial GROUNDS. 
Aen 
; Roman Catholic Distant | Total : 
Hamilton Cemetery. Burial City ve 
| Cemetery. Grounds, Mortality. | 6 
SOE RTA PRN ros had Wiel a tek Rae eS 
ie i=} | a 
1894-95. ayo | . | : | 3 
Rr eee Oh a ee AIS ea NS ol ete ait mena Pe Ou 8 Aas eee 
ees a\elelflele sl2iel2ls/ sie slglal2 
a) Smear n 3 ome, « On emilee & Du pas S | o | 2 
BH ( Ala, |e | & le Ale /a2l/O;/a me (Ola l a | g 
pee ee eee 
November: . f6.07i.4 es | 39 5 2 | 32 | 1D a L721 5 | 10 0 6 2 4°| 53°| 22>) 31 2 
December; se | 86) 8) 1) 27) 14] 138] 19 Lizel os alacosee ae | 1] 48] 21) 22] 1 
| 
TARIATY toe Phe oe ook 4419) 36 {30117113 | lov 71738) 1b 34.4 | 2 43 | 25 | 18] 6 
| 
BERLOArY ols ket ee | 46 | 6 1-; 39 | 19 20 | 15 8 i 0 | 6 3 3 | 60 30 | 30 iL 
March asc ae, oat. 70: |S10- oa) 953 VAG aaa o: lg lane | 0 | 6) 2 4 | 71 | 26} 45} 7 
| 
SN GN lps) Seca A Rae 47 4 : 3 | 40 | 21 | 19 | 11 | 8 3 | 0 6 | 2 4 | 57 | 31 | 26 3 
AY Ie Nig ioie eae aee e aee 60 si 49 | 26 23 eM eae 3 Li) 59 a7327 ise eae: 
| | 
UINOP Meee ae cock tee 42 5 551532 | 14} 18 | 9 | 5 | 4 0 8 D 3.1249 24-1 95 5 
TUS gs at 4 AE Ra ty a one | 65 | 12 3 | 50 | 25 | 25 | 16 | 9 | 7 1 4 | 0 4 | 70 | 34 | 36 4 
Atignaty cokea oss, 63°F 2621 53519641 30 1:94 le 70 Oh bo) leg eens me 32 | 5 
September .... ...... 64 | ah 3 | 50] 24 | 26 | 13 6 7 0 | 6 1 5 | 69 | 31 | Zs | 3 
October si ee 39 6 1 Glad 2s. |eb oe elo | 207 (a 13 7 0 1 0 1 | 53 | ZOOM tL 1 
SN PT ol | OS LL de of [ie Sangre AI s| es Le 
Totals hn ck. foe. ty 89 | 38 | 488) 237) 251 ea LOOT 4 | €5 | 30 | 35 | 702) 345] 357] 42 
! 


| 
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122 


A. 1896 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 35). 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). 


A. 1896 


Contagious diseases reported at Health Office, 1894-95. 


| Special Diseases. | Unreliable in Numbers. 
j fel 
: ui iy 
Months. o M4 pd 8 
: > ry | 5 .@) 
oo o Fy Ay ao 
1894-95. 3 : al é a : - a : 
a wa 2 wa a wo i} o fe) a 
BA oil cS loos | Moneta devel arora | eal 
Be 8 | 8a em ol OS el eee ae 
| a A | a a 4 a é) | = e a 
November; wack cnc beat te een 53 10 3 0 3 0 3 1 4 0 
TDecem Der Sateen crac veg acne oem | 19 5 4 0 3 0 10 4 8 0 
SPAUATY 0. vie ise clei nage s Ob Se Sm 8 1 12 1 5 0 27 2 17 0 
PO DLULALY pate iacl ste tau: sats aie dra ial oie ots 4 0 13 4 5 0 17 0 4 1 
VERT CH oe icsicin cuete PoC oe aut ett aoa 11 5 8 | 2 3 3 a 1 8 0 
PROLUDS tet nd cave o cetic Cake ary fe vis 4 2, 4 0 00-7 <-0 14 0 5 0 
MSY Yara cea ile. hguls te saat cnt 18 2 aur es te 2 0 8 0 4 0 
IMINO UT eee eens en eae ae ee 6 0 5 0 6 0 ll .| 2 12 0 
LY etree EE, cos store a ears Me ene: 7 0 5 1 | 4 0 a 4 17 Al 
AMICI Aber he cnerre sis c sisace oe esc emt t 0 0 4 0 15 0 0 2 5 0 
MODLEM DEL. Wee sche f yubiis hee eee eee 6 1 5 0 17 1 1 0 5 0 
OGtobernescnees nce in Ret AAA a 2 0 Bai) ao 81 awd 1 1 OF) 40 
138 | 26 76 9 94 7 | 106 | 17 | 89 2 
| 
SpEcIAL Contagious DisEASES BY WARDS. 
Wards. 
1 | 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 Totals 
Diphtheria...... 19 9 24 21 i 25 33 138 
Scarlet fever.... 16 | 16 7 7 7 6 23 76 
Typhoid fever... 6 8 14 14 | 12 | 18 22 | 94 
CRE | Saree ee ey eee oe. | eee eee en ae eee RAE ea ts 
otals by wards.. 4 4 
Totals b d 1 33 5 42 | 20 49 | 78 308 


Comparative statement of special contagious diseases for eleven years corrected to date : 


Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever. 

Years La aI ME hae oe. tone ae re ee ae 

‘ Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. 

pe ee 
TSS ee ceaiter bask elon eee cut Peet ae Nit ~ 202 | 59 27 il 
TSO OG ese Ges Mae hhe hal ea hele aN 214 67 109 2 
TSS. easy pence cigs “Oo Ne lic Madea ede Bore , 205 31 17343 2 
TRS yp ca i 0 Sh a aa IP DART ae 163 48 173 3 
A RBS-BO RC VN Pate te BER re Ce 62 15 151 3 
TBSO-GQ Ras he Se Roe | atts aetee 45 6 175 6 

ASOD oe hed fee ca ote ee 32 8 108 Sith 

ASOU GT Le an bee Pe tee eae 20 3) 185 2 | 
TROD.08 ois at Deine ee ia vice Sa ee 5B 1505 oN ok O89 2 
USO ORT See ce ita em Aenea eee aay 318 69 | 134 2 
TROL 96 eter we aes Wrist et Lend se 26 76 9 

| 

1,454 347 | 1,543 | 35 


124 


Typhoid Fever. 


Cases. Deaths. 
52 4 
23 2 
69 8 

127 13 
149 12 
83 6 
69 5 
79 10 
66 6 
120 6 
94 4 
933 | 76 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


ee 


The following is a summary of inspections recorded and work done under the superinten- 
dence of your Health Inspectors : 


Number of inspections made.....,...... sjdiats, oneve antes cara atiesiy sei alecrele a 7,459 
Erivy vaultsrcloaneds..-.,.. sec. ees reuate nail coats Rranhoraieterat ti elas’ « eveccan 1,449 
Ril vavauluspabolishedy: guise Soa Veeie ee Cnc net eam Lnptek Be eee 98 
Privy vaults established......... SIEM We OMT REE eS alte Cevcne ode 35 
Gesspools cleaneds, 2 ...'..sosaet aimee ens or esa sis Katine citer ieee wast efateistere 17 
Earth closets notified to clean............ A te ri tal ele geie SORA Co 42 
Sewer connections made on notice.........0.eceesee. Sere a sataar ete < by Bos 19 
Sewer connections found defective and repaired ......., fsrcivatanieeersbets a ate 106 
Foul and offensive drains abolished......... eX ia cereale aiace chee ore eae Quaehoe. 53 
Stagnant water aboiished ........... Gatste, sii Sheers cote vine oe teres Gon EA 18 
Dirty premises cleaned ............... Shales a: cols Sal ier ays tis oat aie: ata/an etd aie 28 
Other nuisances abated. ..........cecesccccecas ehetelalatets erage reste Bie ae aera em Oe 
Houses placarded for infectious diseases ti DNutahn'a's; he Gave clsae scan che etiare o elae: eeNhOS 
Houses properly fumigated....5.....00 lecccccccccce edict e avcaetelanbere eae ee LOO 
Scavenger work—Loads delivered at dumps...........e.ecceceecee, ae ee kOns CO) 
Dead animals burned at crematory—Dogs.............,.secee0-.. ate 281 

vs fs uy ‘S Cats’. ..5. igs Sues ora Gbetaneaarabts dre aralctoe en 237 

es “ “ SS Chickens ......... siivsim estate este cavstelet, Cle DOU) 

es = os ss Coan wer eve. Ritias often orate Va ergata 1 
ote Olmert burned AunCLomatory, aaae lee vy cey oo eek he een ye, 14 
Lots otsishepurnedjacrematorye seks ek 2. en ean, am inl ig 21 
Loads of rags, etc., from the City Hospital................06.. teins woksrare 58 
Bedding and clothing from infectious houses ...........eeccceeccceeue.. 13 
MES ICENS OM ISSH COL amen Cada ed eee Gan to ON tee Rg ee EN i) 244 
Sampicsscallectedaatidy tested sai... 0. siaece cos ah on ec wets poe. 1,396 
Cow byers, dairies and shops inspected ............... Roatese PA vare o's o, Ghatel wes 825 
Number of cows reported dirty ............... A a a estate ahaa: Wirre states 2 
PE IomMsOn Oporto diktvarmne wate Me Glare WoC cals MRR I] Glarsterees 2 


All of which is respectfully submitted, 
I. RYALL, M. H. O. 


KINGSTON. 
Report oF THE Mepicat HEALTH OFFICER. 
T'o the Chairman and Members of the Local Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN,—In accordance with the requirments of the Public Health Act I have the 


honor to submit my annual report on the sanitary condition of the City during the year ending 
December 31st, 1895. 


Infectious and Contagious Diseases, 


The record of the cases of typhoid fever show a considerable decrease in the number as 
compared with former years. The number of cases reported was 35. The decrease is no doubt 
attributable to the intake of the water supply pipe having been located out in mid-stream, 
where the purest water from Lake Ontario is procured. Another cause is that a large number 
of wells are being filled in annually, the citizens, now that cheap rates have been afforded, prac- 


tically recognizing the fact that pure water is a great factor in the preservation of health and 
the prevention of disease. 


Diphtheria. 


The number of reports of this disease is larger than that of 1894. The cause, I think. may 
be principally ascribed to the dry season, and the large increase in the number of house water- 
closets emptying into the old stone drains. These sewers are simply receptacles or reservoirs for 
the collection and fermentation of excrement, and therefore propagate, and permit to escape 
into the air of the city, germs of disease. I am gratified, however, to be able to report that 
while the cases of diphtheria have been unusually numerous, the disease has not been of a vir- 
ulent or malignant type. The percentage of deaths was small. Number of cases seventy, 


125 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). «AY 1896 


—————— LE 


Scarlet Fever. 


his disease was very mild and of a sporadic character. It was not localized, but scattered 
in different sections of the City. Number of cases, 17 ; no deaths. ‘ 


Membranous Croup. 


Although the law does not require reports of this disease to be made, the Local Board of 
Health, in its wisdom. thought the matter of such importance that it passed a resolution 
instructing all medical ‘men in ‘the city to report the cases of membranous croup that came 
under their notice, so that a record of them could be kept. There were tifteen cases reported, 
and the death rate was very great. 


Measles. 


Only three cases were reported, and none proved fatal. 


The Ice Supply. 


It is worthy of note that our Local Board of Health, at its last meeting passed a resolution 
to the effect that hereafter no persons will be permitted to cut ice, no matter for what purp»ses, 
domestic or cooling, within the line laid down by the Board. The ice must be obtained from 
where the purest water is known to exist. 


Sewage. 


The disposal of sewage is a matter of great moment to the health of the city. I look for- 
ward to the time when funds wil) be available for the replacing of the old stone drains with tile 
pipes, and either the construction of an intercepting sewer along the front of the City, so that 
the sediment or sludge could be collected and buried, or the conveyance of the sewage through 
a large iron pipe into deep water, where the heavier matter would soon settle and its delterious 
character be gradually reduced beyond detection. 


Slaughter Houses. 


There are only two recognized slaughter houses in the City, and they are located at a con- 
siderable distance from any dwellings. However, for the better protection of the public health, 
I would recommend the establishing of an abattoir. 


‘ SAMUEL H. FEE, M.D., 
Medical Health Officer. 


LONDON. 
Report or Mepicat HEALTH OFFICER. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Local Board of Health : 


GunTLEMEN,—During the year we had a death rate of 11.2, the city’s population, according 
tothe assessment returns being 34,429. ‘‘ This is the lowest rate yet reached by the city and 
will in all likelihood be lower than that of any other city in Canada. If the deaths among the 
city residents alone were counted however,” ‘the rate would be still further reduced, for it 
must be remembered that many come to the city to avail themselves of the treatment offered at 
the hospitals. For instance, seventy-five per cent of the persons treated for typhoid fever at 
the General Hospital were non-residents.”’ 

Ninety-nine cases of infectious diseases were reported at the health office inclusive of those 
sent to the City and St. Joseph’s Hospitals, compared with 215 last year. Classified they were as 
tollows: Typhoid fever, 63 ; diphtheria, 23 ; scarlet fever, 13—a marked decrease in prevent- 
able diseases compared with former years. The infectious diseases during the year were of mild 
types. Scarlet fever is not credited with any deaths, while typhoid fever is given as the cause 
of only eight, and diphtheria of three, Consumption heads the list (as it always does in temper- 

. 126 : 


. er 2 


pee §, 


d9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}. A, 1896 


Moms oe ee 
ate vyones) with 38 deaths; heart disease and “heart failure” (which describes nothing at all) 
caused 30 deaths ; pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs, comes next with 26, and 24 are 
accredited to old age. Paralysis caused the death of 18, and cholera infantum 16. There were 
16 violent deaths, a surprisingly large number as compared with other years. Cancer caused 17 ; 
apoplexy and inflammation of the bowels, 14 each ; convulsions, 11; diarrhcea, croup, tubercular- 
miningitis, 10 each ; Bright’s disease, la grippe, dropsy and bronchitis, 7 each, marasmus 6: 
inflammation of the brain 5; indigestion and dysentery 5 each ; blood poisoning, jaundice and 
diabetes, 4 each; whooping cough and enteritis, 3 each ; inflammation of the stomach, infantile 


debility, abscess, spinal meningitis, obstruction of the bowels and premature birth, 2 each ; and 
one each from a number of other diseases. 


A great deal of sanitary and other work has been done during the year. Many complaints 
have been received and attendedto. Thirteen wells have been closed and 23 caused to be cleaned, 
and it was gratifying to know that the city water was gradually taking the place of dangerous 
wells. Many of the public schools had been inspected, and a careful inspection has been made 
of all the city stores where girls and women are employed, a report of which has been made to 
the City Council. The house to house inspection was completed on the 26th of May. The 
inspectors reported as follows : 


Premises visited, 7,252 ; closets reported not clean, 1,630; yards reported not clean, 309 3 
cess-pools reported not clean, 32. Subsequent visits were made by the assistant inspector to see 


that cleaning was properly done, and before the hot month cf June set in the City was in good 
sanitary condition. 


A careful inspection has also been made of meats, fruit, etc., offered for sale upon the market. 
The city’s ice supply is still taken from the north branch of the Thames, in accordance with the 
regulation of the board, the water having been found upon analysis t» be better than that of the 
cove or south branch. Ive taken from the two latter places is allowed to be sold for cooling 
purposes only. The very important matter of house plumbing has year by year been urged upon 
the attention of the City Council, but so far nothing has been done towards compelling builders 
and owners to put in plumbing that will not endanger the occupants. Two recent deaths in the 
city can be traced to no other cause than defective plumbing, and it is hoped that no further 
delay will be made in a matter of such vital inportance to the people. A competent plumber 
should be appointed to see that no more of this wretched plumbing is put into dwellings. 


(Signed) 


T. V. HUTCHINSON, 
Medical Health Officer, 


OTTAWA. 
REPORT OF CHE MEDCER HEALTH OFFICER FOR 1895. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Board of Health: 


GENTLEMEN,—I beg leave to lay before you the annual report of the Health Department 
for the year ending 31st October, 1895. 


In so doing it may be satisfactory to know that notwithstanding the prevalence of epidemic 
diseases, such as diphtheria and scarlet fever. in the city during the first half of the period 
comprised in this report, the death rate from all causes was less than that of the previous year, 
The total mortality for the past year was 1,083, which with our estimated population of 52,000, 
gives us a death rate 20.82 per thousand ; 416 of the total deaths were children of five years 
and under. 


It is no doubt due to the incessant efforts of the registrar of this divisionto entorce compliance 
with the requirements of the law in this respect that the registered mortality, in so far as num- 
bers are concerned, is approximately correct ; but at the same time I very much regret to say 


127 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 3c). A. 1896 


oe 


that, as records of the causes of death these statistics are misleading, and will have but little 
of the scientific value they should have, so long as burials are permitted without a physician’s 
certificate as to the cause of death. It is true, no doubt, that sporadic cases of infectious dis- 
eases we must inevitably have always among us, but it appears quite evident, as recorded on 
table No. 4 here attached, that the death roll of these so-called preventable diseases for the past 
year is much larger than it should be. Admitting as a fact that these diseases, in the great 
majority of instances, are spread by personal infection, it is also safe to affirm that here, as else- 
where, they generally have their first causation in unsanitary conditions of the dwelling house 
or its immediate surroundings or both.’ This has been painfully exemplified in the southern 
and south-western sections of the city, where drainage is sadly needed, and where these dis- 
eases, especially diphtheria and scarlet fever, prevailed extensively. 


That during the past year the isolation hospitals have done good work is self-evident, as 
indicated in table No. 2 here attached, showing the number of patients treated there during the 
year as well as the deaths therefrom. . 


The infectious diseases reported at the Health Office during the year were as follows : 


cases. 

Diphtheria 1. ./i25 (sis ws cers Riveny tae ie ote rime soir ae ee eee 287 
Scarletiieveretnwaicres+ Geeks actress a big tah Ee eRe ce nceane 182 
Typhoid fever......... Fae Necata A eieccde even OE END, OF Ia ete tehe facaeeks 195 
Measles ernie can Rio le Retest helt aca e atelscarerege yt somes 23 
Whooping cough ......e sce ceeeser cere teesenereser se ececs 27 
Total a wee oO ol AO ee te ere iets ore ce elo 


Nors.—The figures recorded here opposite the three first named diseases I believe to be 
about correct. I cannot, however, say as much to the others. Measles and whooping cough, I 
am inclined to think, in many instances are not reported. 


The milk consumed in the city is supplied by about seventy-five licensed vendors from dairy 
farms in the surrounding country, and the fact that there was but one single complaint made at 
the Health Office during the past year against the article supplied, seems evidence enough that 
the milk supply of Ottawa is undoubtedly good. 

The ice of the city for household use is taken entirely from the Ottawa river above the 
Chaudiere Falls, and the regulations of your Board relating thereto have, during the past year, 
been willingly complied with by the ice vendors of the city. 


For a few years past one of the most perplexing questions to a very large number, if not 
the majority of the householders of this city, has been how to dispose of household refuse. 

This, especially during the summer season, becomes a very serious matter in a sanitary 
point of view, and has been a prolific source of complaints and recriminations against the Board 
of Health in not organizing a proper scavenging system. There is no doubt that Ottawa has 
pow arrived at such proportions as would urgently demand better methods than those now in 
use for the final disposal of such matter. 

The details of the work done in the sanitary department during the past year are fully 
shown in the sanitary inspector’s report here appended, to which I beg to refer you. 

In conclusion I wish to express my satisfaction at the assistance given me by the sanitary 
inspector and his assistant in carrying out the work of this department, and acknowledge with 
pleasure the aid given by the police in the work of general sanitation. 


Respectfully submitted, 


10th January, 1896. A. ROBILLARD, M.D. 


128 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35 }. A. 1896 


Table No. 1.—Showing the number of patients treated in the hospitals for contagious diseases and 
deaths resulting therefrom for year ending 31 October, 1895, 


Diseases. a2 = 3 ae ss as) 
ae <Q = & ” ia ° & x wD 
aig Sr 5 re Z&& Br 5 S 
g& Re - oO = 8 geo 5) a 3 
DH o+ ° oO D+ ov Ss ) 
= a A = pS A A = 
| | 
Pipmphorianw sss pil. ta cee ah F 111 cb hil 11 | 11 199 182 28 
Scarlatina ........... Ee, Pees asmey te 6 50 48 8 1 40 37 4 
WiGab lege vo oe . Saigtits sl Upp eae | ee aret ees 2 2 ; res uf pW eae sos 
Totaled @ya,.cs aise eine ee 17 163 151 19 | 1 | 240 220 32 
Table No. 2 —Records of the House of Bethlehem for the year ending 31 October, 1895. 
_— | _ Totals, 
Warantein Acy lum: NOV. 1ettl S94 ot gic oy 3 sip sortie ct sae ole eae tein hin vain he 14 
as AUIMEDLOCHGUTINIC® EN egy COP ese. te rr ccsteet ee iolatsr eat agai Sains OE «, gn sore thai ss wa win 52 222 236 
Returned: to-parents or placed Out $222 tc icwiie: beige neces ccs reese setecue son de 105 
Pieneiurine tlie Vear yi se Mates ee lteels, lege ciate aialame ls fork, atrere within eS SRisG Are eps 118 
Remaining on Nov. 31st, 1895.............. Ry et ihn ee ee oe fa aoe ers ea gine eat 13 236 


Table No. 3.—Showing the death rate per thousand per annum from Zymotic diseases as compared 
with total death rate in the city during the past eight years. 


Zymotic diseases. Zymotic All causes. 
| r rs ai a 
5 Population | , eg FO eg ep ng 3 so 3 3 
(estimated). | & . Nl cay RESELL wy © me © ae 
fe) i) a Go chat 8 ‘ me} D w Ge) a 
OU OAS ee bed § (nO), | pa Dl metocote | a ee a as oa as 
in Py Bred re [alt= Mond a eg e 23 ° a 2 
gi ® 2 $s SUL te gine! pS © lites ) e+ 3 ee 
ASR = Za |e Z fc 
i bot Saker BO OU terse | aa ara.| vate tates 36} --15)....| — 150]. 6} 207) 5 os 778| 20.47 
SGA coe ts ee 40,000 y Di) Dex GBhei4Ghe. ve lee 166] 3. 91283). 0 7.07 915| 22.97 
ASSO ete seks 43,000 oF ie) +) CJ 2] 2 oe 983} 22 86 
(1.38) Lenina a 44,000 4) 13) ©4| 39] 19; 4} 160; 25) 265) 6.02 960 21.81 
ISOlee ssn eee 45,000 6} 14] 24; 30) 9, 3) 203) 21) 310) 6.88| 908! 20.17 
NBO 2s bas cee ss 46,000 16) eT Sel Ol IS hee lees 13 68} 1.46 983) 21.13 
1 SOR Fs pee 5% 48,000 5 5} 17) 16) 3) 158; 29; 239) 4.97 892: 18.58 
DSO fees sce sak 50,000 5} 41] 23] 78! 17) 1: 195] 33) 393) 7.86) 1.083] 21.66 
ho U sg cap ae ge | 52,000 | 9, 15} 33) 80) 15 a 249/....] 403) 7.75) 1,083} 20.82 


Norz.—As shown in the above table, the average death rate from all causes in Ottawa during the past 
ten years has been 21.68 per thousand of the population, 


9 H. 129 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


REPORT OF SANITARY INSPECTOR. 


Health Office, City Hall, 
Orrawa, 24th December, 1895. 


‘The Chairman and Members of the Board of Health: 


GrnTLEMEN,—I have the honor to submit for your consideration the annual report of the 
‘Sanitary Department for the year ending 3lst October, 1896. 

In presenting this, my eighth annual report, it is gratifying to be able to report marked 
improvements in the manner in which the contractor for the removal of night soil has carried 
out his work. Iam also pleased to report on the satisfactory manner in which the assistant 
inspectors have performed their duties. In respect to the removal of garbage, the absence of 
any organized system leaves this part of my work in a very unsatisfactory condition ; the treat- 
ment, however, of such garbage when removed to the several dumping grounds has been success- 
ful and without complaint. 


Disinfection.—Two hundred and twenty-six houses were fumigated and cleansed ; eighty- 
seven houses were placarded for infectious diseases ; ninety-six cards were removed from 
infected houses. 


Nore.— The above include only those attended to by myself. 


Plumbing Tests. —One hundred and twenty houses were tested for the discovery of defects 
in draining and plumbing systems. 


Prosecutions. —Four proprietors of dwelling houses were summoned for contravention of the 
Public Health Act, and convictions secured. 
‘wx: In so far as the work of the Department can be put in form, the following tables show what 
has been done. 
I am, Gentlemen, 
Your obedient servant, 


GEO. McNEILL, 
Sanitary Inspector. 


Table No. 1.—Classification of Nuisances coming under the notice of the Department 
during the year. 


By whom reported. 


mM t 
ve 4s ee > a 8 ° 

Description of Nuasances § fe 3 r= é : ES 

om SS oI [eve) ¢ (0) Ss 

8 © ~ ° 

op) = a oe) ce) : a 
Accumulations of manure, etc., on lots ........00--.-+2 seeees 32 6 41 | Ti: fe 93 
“Cellars flooded and otherwise polluted ... ........2 cece eeceoee 58 88 a ences pest 155 
Drains choked and otherwise defective ..........sceeceeee seve 37 49 4 (PLR AR 8 97 
Sn TDG Stes Se eaten diera a's cia 5 itso eeckalal ore aie wee ataee pramet etarermi al Slamatyee ye 5 oS Pd Bears Si irri 1 15 
ESE YSOVID ee ace eras ole oo ica0 8 oo aara'e oo atothal ool Math chernrs ate a. eamtenetsits 14 IS hha vae se So rk Geawes 30 
Dwellings unfit fursbabitation, coe 0ct dey ses ee cee see ensae 5 2 Le ee alee 8 
oe dirty and unwholesome 222008. So 00. ec es ol pee na lerlan R25 See 6 2 eee 20 
a sewer gas escaping intoO.............. Bb see eee MO NES 36 OY A eet Oe sec S. 123 
Foul yards'and premises 20.2.0. 16. cco on tee een cece senacoscie 503 Aerie 321 13 | 207 | 1,044 

Tlluminating gas escaping on streets and into dwellings......... 7 Pp A PUSAN to Neath ALG ate.) 

Privy vaults of defective constructiOn.........0...eeeeeeceeeees 41 10 Glass Soot eerie 57 
‘+ too near dwellings .......... Das Ubin Cate oten ns aoe het Sareea Pog Bee | 7 See ae 12 
BM WANE OL; cot anita xis cory on thee he, Sales Paes aha eee bane Tae ade is 1 Loic Se ral ace opie at eee 2 
Pigs kept too near dwellings ............cececerccerccsseeseeeef ie cri feceece iy See 1 6 
‘Sinks untrapped and defective ..... .......000- se eeeeee ates 4 Bilis vires seal Speads S fear 6 
PIV RUELOL. Yineiv aia mac eels oe eng beets comment Ve ep bic ies eickte mole 1 S.Gl 5 eisverhay aOR MINE Cie here q 
rSoil pipes unventilated .4... 1. dees bier epee esses sie aed s 5 =P ae Pata recanted Rue 8 
as MNCEADDOG same 5d shia ote hate ee Reve Maen ee ice 5 Gul siee’s | ene mn ltr ates 10 
ty otherwise defective..............- SER Sei anaten waletin aeeae 13 Qala set hie toieeiels | eee | 22 
Waate pipes defective. ..........cccccccrccesescceveccasseesucs DAL vio~ LB" LO, es auc | artes. etme 32 
Water closets of defective construction...... PONS te Wa vw cae eter 9 SVs ree oop cence lene 17 
ee uuventilateds.:s. eeu ees sakes Pies ace oer Whee Berane free A AM Wes tog gh [PCE Bl | 4 
Want of water for domestic purposes . .........-cecccccesececs|eceee LON Por os ee el ae ere 16 
Miscellaneous .............e00. COS cena o:8 on eae eee are AAD tis § Ale re ote ee Lite 11 15 
"TOGRIS LY 3p oroste cs vrelets he Sits eee Meee Tan a Me BR 818 | 346 | 400 | 36 | 227 | 1,827 


nn nn ee eae aE as anny En SnnnnR RSE REESE EERE enema 


130 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Table No. 2.—Statutory notices issued during the year. 


To proprie- | To tenants : 
—— Peete Bela chet: Written. Verbal. : Totals. 

November, 1894 Be te cathe, coe ee glen antes 38 40 iE Be | Ub 
Deeemberieky ait. cc oss: Mice t aakis we 22 13 
PAUMALY SREBL OOO Fishy ssc su cedtde. stl 29 75 34 70 | 104 
LCS TEN Gtk I aS a ae tee NC iin rar 20 64 21 63 84 
March, IPE eee ANG cathe be Manele wats 18 21 16 23 39 
April, ha REE CSU havete: orere. AON IAB 20 68 18 70 . 88 
May, sCmVEC ee. Oey Leds ae 48 194 49 200 249 
June, ee Ce ve eas veeiere ote 60 132 61 181 192 
July, crite Goce satin ate ah etatortan we miata 35 TH 30 82 112 
August, ag A he a eats te ee hs 55 98 48 105 153 
PBT LOINDEL, sh 0s nes Venice eater oie 24 87 23 88 111 
October vali ie tiny fae NEY | Goh son 53 28 64 92 

1 is :9 pe aa de ORY A Hh Da 408 922 363 967 1,330 


Table No. 3.—Privy vaults emptied and revenue to contractor therefrom during the year. 


Upper Town. Lower Town. Total. 
Te Se | 
No. of No. of No. of 

privies. Amount. privies, Amount. |, privies. Amount, 

aan pote nda RE ana iat idl feo ee eee, = — aes eee 
| poor. C. aH LS er | | §$ c. 
INGVEID DCTS S94 ye Pee tye tee Ne 205 291 05 169 204 30 374 495 35 
MISCO DET fn Vir eke toes Ae eh a he slike 283 393 54 290 367 60 573 761 14 
Smnuary se L800 ce oo Ne Gal ek, vas 206 279 65 248 300. 75 454 580 40 
February, fe) AP ee acy te Rn a 222 303 95 198 281 10 420 585 05 
March, SOL eae Chie, See SIN ale at 189 278 50 206 277 55 395 556 05 
April, SAD gles AE anehnie tha tiaad waste a 255 363 20 170 208 01 425 571 21 
ay, TMM ecraic ok eto Sad be ors 216 316 60 201 225 14 417 541 74 
June, SA ded <PE stinid Seve otte oPee 56 97 70 43 45 40 99 | 143 10 
July, ah REN pe ad oe 33 | 93 00 28 54 95 61 | 147 95 
August, Tn lieu ore Oh Met ee te 16 17 23 13 15 60 29 32 83 
PODS DER bu chee oo et tare eee 23 26 50 21 21 90 44 48 40 
October, cabs sees): 4 wamtamrece es baiea are 75 105 64 118 155 15 193 260 79 
2,566 56 1,705 |2,157 45 3,484 | 4,724 01 


LOUGS as te he clea hess Ae ae eee | 1,779 


131 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896. 


Table No. 4.—Location of nuisance and number on each street. 


| 38 38 38 
Street. | ae Street. oe Street. ae 
2 2 2,2 2.8 
ae ae a8 
PAT OLG hice sittish %> aise inet 6 [op 2554| hBrank acy edte ave oats 20° OCR WA! ie 5th ae os laheretal 26 
Anglesea Sq...........- ih Hlorenceswir as cate os cee i) O-goode........ bd ta cade 9 
Arent balds% catiesties te | 9 Flora gee as Mais cis teer Bs Oregonaw Wise sat, nek 3 
PANGGYBON pec ostuhere so 8 Gloucester 52/5. 95.... ; Zorn) COnnotes ena ane oe 18 
AT Dta eae eae ere ede eis 22 GOTO Wrst ian irae 24 Papineaul a.nceMiieaes 2 
PANS Us bth sits treks eee ee 24 iol) GOYVO ears erie vce nin ten 2h Parlianient tea... cmeee i) 
PATI CG cml neigh et oie ear ie fe 11 Gulmouryes som ett ree: 16 || Portland Ave........... 1 
ATENUGOTeSY hoe otos eeu 10 RE oad Bee vast ean tats cc 44<h>Petertieeorus gat scwelaee 6 
LEE aes) SOR eee 16°.) Henderson. 1.522 vse | 2)3|l) Primrose wovee a7 ons eee 2 
PSA TV eh hen s Stes sax ss Hoe 9 | Halles. ene ee hg eeee, 14 Perdy: Soak ees eee 1 
1 BYSILG Sila hiel ieee amr a deena Wo | Lea bella. acm mate atte ot tas : 13 Bitiard serene hee eo 1 
Pedserer se. oc cape siete s 12 | FON Ace meee nee ae 2 (mba ets oh eect i gabon S. - 8 
Bridgogo se snwenie aah ee 16 WAMOB GF eine bee eee Be 10 Pine (NG) es eee 3 
Bolton gee. ones os sie etes 10 | Kent tiogart §., sane cite 26 Preston. 402725. or 12 
IbGteler nn, pa Sia cepeitets 23 Keeterie.. tac coat heres 2 Poplar aoe ce eee 2 
Bank Motos. ce tes pene 37 HI gi pete fia tct hee aes 35 Perkins 7350.2 hee ) 
SEOACee ore «eros hae ee 16 PrisParcee nso. aston : 29 Queen -onikees he cees 17 
EBvicaAvN doses vee eae cen 9 LeBreton? 2.2250 4a. eee. 10 Queen West............ ) 
alsaMme ker + Se eee 11 Liowisi se: veces neek ote lo Rochester ¢ fs. +... tea 6 
CAAOTIOG Ole. saat tek 10 Lettcit 2222 ee eee O.s/ Rideau ics. 2 eee 26 
WO ANCATGiob snc axe olaldie cistare 12 Tiochiel Piet se aets se tor 3 ||-Russell Ave so ..0 22-3 2 
WEATDEIOD Seb aos tote tasctue's 9 Lloya Ske aot ate tee 2 Rose. Were eo eee 2 
COPAWiOrd iis asinid wn elon Lyon ese sae ee 4 Redpath % s.2 ~ 2a. ¢eme 3 
Gia RRS, Ean a Le a ae 11 Lorne Ave ...:-..%...'.. 5 St.. Andrew 2. 1. vs ae 29 
SUToH: Thee ieee cee 14 McGéenreas sae eens 5 St Josephs: vere 3 
Concession ...........-- 21 MeLiaren ato. ess eens 16 St.. Patriek..... Rey SA 24 
WOOOUT Rich tarsal dso 15 Metcalfe 2.5.0... Se 4 Sparks 5.4 swe ale sea 33 
Can alcicen iedels wise 5 okies 10 MeDonalds\ 8 os. cohen. 4 Stewart..<. cece y baneee 11 
Gama verland weer ia sscasse 48 McDougal.............: 6 Sophia # oakehiceee meee 3 
CIRrONnCGO. Eien cee 3s ae ee | 29 WNIGTIGOG Stent mic eyicats 1 NUSSOX ob un st-sce atte 37 
Wooperic tense as cates 17-7) | ble Kiayan dant cok pee 4°) pomerseb foc chs coe ee 11 
Pee htON (0 eevee ss cons | 7 McTaggart 73 02. .0.. 08 5 || Slater... 2. Pious armen 17 
Clarlotte:l. casos sees a 2 | Mariatca cs etes sacttes 16 Sherwood 22.i46/. 60s 6 
CN BDEL Mca eos oo bees oN | 22 MUTA Ye oon Seer eet e 5 Spruce..5.. toner cues 5 
RUUTITOY seer e en nee oe ee 3.7 | (Maple posee a wen oa eo oe 3 Stanley Ave............ 3 
College Ave ............ 8 Marlborough .......... 1 Theodore .......... ee 17 
MO atles vende cues 6s ccewt 10 Middle. ven ores 8 PUrneE ck wun cane eee 12 
CUTER Sees Ste sais ee 3 Mutchmor......... Ae S eV ictOria <2. «ciclo ten ae 3 
VAL ais ets 21 Mosgrove tae. ceu crete 2 | Victoria Ave ........ ay 5 
ISUNOUSIC cates soe oe 41 Martineaus: .. 20.8.3. 4 Water. i..dnuavkansanete 17 
TDEVARYOU Pee cal nic ieee ets revere 37 Munro te ieee oe 4 WY Aller Sem sits ahetcte urea 13 
ADO SPOLIN pee pais eon 7 Market (W. W.)........ | "4 Waverly Goce s ach nates 1 
Pouce sess aecec ties es 26 || Market (By W.)........ | 3. |/cWellington <. .22. sweats oe 47 
ETSI: a2 eos ate caclae. heels 14 Market Cathcart ....... | 2 W ibrod {sit eee 13 
Hocleg?. Satizceues pesos 1 | Nelson estonia tee eate | 3 WAUOW.e isd caste ee 12 
mil yo ca itas  oceeiriae ce 4 Nepeatifescs-s nies cae 8 IOP Co Ae etnerdeteenteee 10 
UI ta eee aaa Sa I aN 4 | Nicholas “are. eee 5 Other places...........- 186 
Hillard Sus. s vce ce sleamen's « 12. eo Nevilla.ace crate eee 3 ee 
PriGl ests CO se Tee | 16 | Notre Dame........ ... 5 | Totalic vee ne eee 1,827 
! 


All of which is respectfully submitted, 


GEO. McNEILL, 
Sanitary Inspector. 


132 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


ST. CATHARINES. 
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN. 
To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of St. Catharines : 


GENTLEMEN :—In compliance with the Act relating to Local Boards of Health, I herewith 
submit the annual report of your Local Board for year ending in November, 1895. 
The subject matter is very brief, owing to the fact of there being nothing of any particular 


interest to report upon, outside of what is contained in the report, herewith submitted by your 
City Clerk. 


We have every reason to congratulate ourselves and the citizens generally, that there has 
been no epidemic of disease, and the City has been and is at the present time in a good healthy 
state. 


No extraordinary expenditure has been required. 


The Sanitary Inspector has attended to his duties I believe in a satisfactory manner, very 
few complaints have been made to the Board, and the Inspector has always been prompt in 
looking after them. 


The total deaths as per report of City Clerk is fourteen, I find after deducting eight fir 
old age, two suicides, and still born ten, the death rate of the City would be 12 per 1,000. 


Respectfully submitted, 


SAMUEL G. DOLSON, 


Chairman. 
St. Catharines, Nov. 15th, 1895. 


To the Chairman and Local Board of Health of the City of St. Catharines : 


GENTLEMEN, —Herewith I have the honor to submit the annual statement of the number of 
deaths in the City of St. Catharines, from Nov. 15th, 1894, to Nov. 15th, 1895, and the causes 
thereof, also statement of the number of contagious diseases for the same period as per medical 
returns. 


Deaths. 
Disease. Number. Disease. Number. 

MUTE OASCASE Weace seers fas Soa ee sila cee 4 TAS ET PPGik pra acess ce stele s aves See Uaalenre 1 
PRCT OT 1G wee oka tose PE oe es Ql gaye oS ome es 8 Cavicer ert a ecdekte io scic dope the ale ates Vee 3 
Congestion of brain: . 2... 6st ese ee 4 POTION AQ EEE cree teyaicr: sieeee ae seston ed 1 
PSEA VSISIIA LG oes noe ole k oo niplan Pees relies > 7 Measles cere cae Co kote piace ators 1 
PORT MES IOLUN te pf a tdewinc as» ure satel siesta, p axe sla © 10 Diarrhcea has sacecte ya eke ao. sted fee esate 2 
Gaterali debility scab ar witers deeshesnl ames Tpdigdatioteoncw ccs Atk ae aa 4 
[BSS ee nT ane noe ice 1 Gholers Morus. yess wlas 4.46.0 soemals secre: 1 
Heart disease ..... ... Pete ti Gee OF Stet 19 HEipiGisease ist cnc farts cove sole vite ds at 1 
VEE COM DIAN Os. < ga) davai on Ceti, oe = 1 Typhoid feveri.s paves. s «4st caja semen es if 
PPIURLCGaey oo | ties Sis hd verre # 01s 166 6° Slat 3 SENS Ty acter eee a eikrcicid ole le Solaris aioeisl oe pak 
BiariCOBen Sere se sic acon vad osc ohjss 0a 1 Bright's GiCaSGiuevescs seve ee. reeials 2 
JA Ra Raney UIE EET: 2 PGritonitiane eves ce oe ea sil cw athe dolar 3 
COneuti HON Meee ee ovis. emcee: 1, Da rastiatis Sie cts siete care wigs aiela seen ae 2 
eG HELLIS coe tee sc ok cnc 11 Choleravinfantipmins «224 <2. vttatan ore sates 9 
Inflammation of spleen ..........++---. 1 Inflammation of bowels ......... «.-- 3 
len yor. seerttt cas chance acs s teen wie 1 Gorebritix cere ae ae ains ces ls oh ce eran 1 
SIICIN GUE c ae Sek wen ad. slo dale dieses» 2 Puerperal fever ......... OE aie cpen cea 1 
OLD ORG SAR Coe, Sighica ARE oa ere 2 Drowned see beers sain sien Be Bat oe 4} 
NT GISINI ILLS fo cote e ais aie aa clo oa 95h woe 2 DEODBY isin tts a de tos oiehecr emer ae hie 1 
MPRROTENC oe iis slea anc do < heseie tone sins ve 1 — 
OE Ree ee gree carince o's aren Baye b acon 8 Total’ Mois oe ony ae coo 141 
ev ITLBIOU See vie ae Ne toa ree = Fe eas © see ne 2 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Contagious Diseases. 


Reported. Number. Deaths. Number. 
RICSLIOD LEVOUN Set hae chika shicheisi cian. 20 Measles. 75.00 Seog een is a Wa s,ee ease 1 
MY DROID MOVE de ica. os oes cok 5 oe epee 10 Typhoid feveriisanec dca a eet ween 1 
DAT STIAw nce! ic cess cok ect eee 3 
DEGASIES Pee, utah tics e ue od Ok salah shite? ate 5 
OCA ce wo ese ee Sag IO | 38 Total Wriw ss ce rie pec eee ie aes 2 


I have the honor to be, 


Your obedient servant, 


J. ROLLISON, 
Secretary. 
City Clerk’s Office, St. Catharines, December 8rd, 1895. 


ST. THOMAS. 


REPORT OF SANITARY INSPECTOR. 


Sr. THomas, 5th December, 1895. 


P. H, Bryce, Esq., M.D., Secretary Provincial Board of Health : 


DEAR S1r,—Complaint has often been made to me by individuals and by members of the 
W.C.T.U. that there is no provision made for the accommodation of female employees in stores 
and shops in this city for necessary purposes and on that the health of many is endangered if 
not impaired. 

_ I visited the various places and reported the facts to the Local Board of Health which body 
1s anxious to improve the condition of the employees. The Board instructed me to consult the 
city solicitor as to the power allowed us in such cases. | 

The‘solicitor informed me that the Public Health Act gives power to regulate things that 
do exist but does not give power to require the construction of closets etc., where they are nd 
already. 

In most cases the owner of the property is not willing to make the necessary provision but 
when the owner is also the person conducting the business I found a willingness to do what is 
right in the matter. 


The city solicitor was of the opinion that the question was one for the Inspector of Factories. 


I take the liberty to bring the matter to your notice in the hope that something may be 
done for those who now suffer, as it is for the benefit of the public health we are working. 


I am yours truly 


W. J. SHAW, 
Sanitary Inspector. 


134 


\ 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896: 


TORONTO. 


By CuHarLes SHEARD, M.D., Mepicat HEALTH OFFICER.* 
Toronto, November 26th, 1895. 


To the Chairman and Members of the Local Board of Health: 


GENTLEMEN,—I have the honor to present the final report for the departmental year 1894 
and 1895, being supplementary to the monthly statements already submitted, and a more or 
less complete summary of the year’s work. I have in a former report referred in detail to the 
methods of quarantine and disinfection adopted by the Medical Health Department of the city 
of Toronto, which methods have been thoroughly and rigidly carried out during the past year, 
and in the description of which I need not here occupy space, as I have already fully dealt with 
them. 


The character, condition and arrangement of plumbing work and drains becomes a matter 
of considerable interest and importance in discussing the question of the etiology of contagious. 
diseases. It is a matter of question whether or not defective plumbing and drains can be con- 
sidered as actual and exciting causes in the prcduction of either typhoid fever or diphtheria, 
but, in my opinion, they can operate as predisposing causes. 


As to diphtheria itself, there can be little doubt in the mind of anyone who would take a 
large number of cases, and carefully and thoroughly investigate the source of contagion, but 
that there is every reason to believe that they spread in all cases by direct contact or direct con- 
tagion ; but, notwithstanding these facts, every physician knows, and every sanitarian admits, 
that certain constitutional and systemic states render one individual susceptible, or vulnerable, 
and another insusceptible, or invulnerable, to the specific virus ; and, as a cause of vulnerability, 
sewer gas inhalation takes a potent and formidable place. 


Coming to the question of plumbing and drainage, as it affects dwellings in a city having 
a more or less complete and thorough sewerage system, the first point raised is, what are the 
important points to be considered and watched in a plant so susceptible to disorders and ther- 
mal changes as house drains and plumbing are in a country like Canada. where frosts are sud- 
den and severe? Reviewing the plumbing reports of the Medical Health Department of the 
city of Toronto for the last two years, which include smoke tests, the weak points appear to be, 
first, in the drains, where the soil-pipe and drain are joined, or where the drain passes through 
or under the walls of dwellings. A defect frequently found upon applying the smoke test to the 
plumbing work and drainage systems of a dwelling is a leak at the junction of the soil-pipe with 
the drain. This has been brought about, in the majority of instances, by the settling of the 
iron soil-pipe—the weight of which is considerable, in an ordinary three-storey building, and 
especially so if it be not properly supported—and the settling of the walls of the building. This 
would present to one’s mind the necessity for a substantial support being placed under the soil 
pipe and drain connection, which support ought to be of brick, stone or concrete, so arranged 
as to prevent settling, and also of a shape such as would effectually support the rounded bend 
which is commonly used at this particular point. This, together with proper hangers, would be 
in a measure a preventative of the accident referred to. 


The next point is the best means of maintaining the integrity of a drain where it passes 
under or through a wall, the danger here being, of course, from the settling of the wall, which 
may result in the destruction of the drain pipe at that point, or its detachment at some point 
adjacent. In this conection a proper stone or concrete footing for the wall becomes all-import-- 
ant, and a due regard as to the nature of the soil, as to its sandiness or springiness, must receive 
careful consideration, The footing to the wall must also be of such a proportion as to properly 
support it. The point through which the house drain passes could well be strengthened by a 
properly constructed arch of brickwork, or protecting the same by a stone sill set immediately 
above the drain, guarding the aperture for the drain in the same manner as any other aperture 
in the wall. 


[t is no very uncommon occurrence to find that while the drain has been tested, when open, 
with the water test, and afterwards filled in, and the smoke test applied, say a few weeks or 
months afterwards, defects in the drain are found which may occasion considerable surprise, and 
uhese defects may not be the result either of the settling of the wall, or of the settling of the 
soil pipe connections, but may occur at any point in the continity of the drain. Assuming that 
the drain was carefully laid and properly inspected, the breaking of the collar of the tile pipe, 
or the defect in the drain, may result from the drain being improperly laid, so that the pipe is 
supported only at points where the collar of the pipe exists, and the weight of earth pressing 
ae Me, a Pa ME EEE 58 ed A eee 

*These are excerpts only from the Bas Report which appears in printed form 
9) 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


upon the intervening portion being sufficient to either break the pipe or the drain connections. 
Of course it is understood that I am now referring to other forms of drainage than iron drains. 
It might be argued that the substitution of iron drains throughout would be sufficient to at once 
remove all possibility of such defects, but such a suggestion often cannot be adopted because of 
the expense incurred ; and furthermore, experience may show that the iron drain is susceptible 
to changes from the chemical accion of the sewage passing through it, and by permitting accu- 
mulations, deposits and corrosions in it which will seriously reflect upon its sanitary integrity ; 
also in making connection in iron drains the porcelain lining of soil pipe may be easily injured. 


As to the trap on the house drain, the object of the same is, of course, to prevent the sewer 
from being ventilated through the dwelling, and in cases where there are iron drains throughout 
it is argued that the main trap ceases to be a necessity. If, however, galvanized iron or tin con- 
ductor pipes run into the drain, as is customary with us, these in their turn become drain ven- 
tilators and are particularly prone to be defective at their seams and bends. due either to cor- 
rosion or the influence of frost; the main trap of the drain, under such circumstances, becomes 
a necessary safeguard. 


As to inside work, passing over the defects resulting from gross carelessness, either of work- 
manship or inspection, such for instance as leaving unclosed the connections or cleaning screws 
and hand holes, without their proper caps or coverings, the soil pipe demands particular atten- 
tion. First, as to the hangers being placed directly under the collars of the soil pipe joints, and 
prop:rly secured by screws to the wall, and so placed to be as little amenable as possible to the 
influence of frosts. The object aimed at is that of preventing traction upon the joints, which 
readily become imperfect and, in consequence, leaks of a serious character may occur at such 
points. In order to obviate the effect of the weight of the entire length of soil pipe from press- 


ing upon the drain connection, or its vicinity, a stool of masonry work might with advantage be | 


placed at the junction of the soil pipe to the drain. 


Again, the floor flange connections of closets to drains are important, and being below the 
closet trap, when defects exist, may serve to ventilate the drain into the closet apartment, to 
overcome with a properly secured screw joint, with screw bolts and rubber packing, should in 
all cases be made. Very frequently, however, the joint is loosely run with cement, putty, or 
even mortar, where, with the working of the closet and the settling of the building, the joint 
speedily becomes defective. A point which is often overlooked, in the construction of water 
closets, is the proper position and arrangement of the seats, which, by being too far forward or 
too high up in relation to the bowl, permit of the urine escaping on the safe (or lead covering 
of the floor immediately underneath the closet); the safe thus becoming covered with urine is 
speedily corroded and becomes extremely foul and offensive. We might also remark that the 
space under the closets is not intended as a storeroom for every objectionable substance which 
a house may contain, but it is intended to be kept with the same care as the closet itself, and in 
order to avoid depositing an accumulation of refuse, and the neglect which follows such deposit, 
a finished closet should be supplied with an apron, the work below being open for ventilation 
and inspection. 


In connection with the ventilation of the closet, special mention is to be made of the neces- 
sity for a local vent from underneath the seat of the closet, and into the kitchen chimney flue, 
or other flue constantly in use. The local vent may be of galvanized iron, the seams and con- 
nections of which should be carefully and properly made. 


Diphtheria. 


A careful study of the subject of diphtheria strengthens the conviction that one of the most 
important points in connection with the disease is the avoidance of the danger of infection. 
With this object in view, it becomes a matter of importance to diagnose the disease at the earli- 
est possible moment in order that prompt m+asures of importance may be adopted, and also it 
is important to determine when quarantine regulations may, with safety, be discontinued. 


Having this object in view, the Medical Health Department of the city has, since the begin- 
ning of February last, made arrangements for the bacteriological examination of all cases of 
diphtheria, whether doubtful or determined. Sterilized swabs are supplied to practitioners, 
which, on being returned to the Medical Health Department, are examined microscopically and 
cultures made therefrom, the results of such examination being communicated as soon as possible 
to the medical attendant. 


It is scarcely necessary to point out the value and importance of such work, as in ordinary 


non-specific cases it removes almost at once the element of doubt, and, in many cases determines, | 


prior to the formation of membrane in the throat, and before the development of characteristic 
clinical symptoms, the existence of the disease. A moderately large number of cases can be 


136 


rae 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Nc. 35). A. 1896 


ee ee ee a eo pie re ee eS 


thus examined without the enormous degree of work which at first glance would appear neces- 
sary to the undertaking, and brings the comparatively modern revelations of bacteriology within 
the application of many who may not have the necessary skill or requirements for such work, 
and which methods, upon becoming more thoroughly understood, will be more universally 
applied with invaluable benefit to the community. 


In addition to this, a bacteriological examination of the throat shows when the danger of 
communicating the disease to others, either occupants of the same house or not, ceases to exist. 


Cases occasionally occur where diphtheritic bacilli find a lodgment upon the mucous mem- 
brane of the throat, and grow and propagate there to a limited extent, and yet show compara- 
tively little clinical evidence. From a cursory examination of the throat one would be inclined 
to conclude the absence of danger from infection, but a bacteriological examination would reveal 
the presence of the bacillus in the saliva and throat exudations. 


Bacteriological work applied to an institution for the cure of diphtheritic cases becomes a 
matter of the greatest importance. Not only does it prevent the possibility of a doubtful case 
being sent directly into a diphtheritic ward to become subsequently infected, but it also prevents 
the retention of non-diphtheritic cases in an institution where diphtheria exists, and also saves 
the cost of their maintenance. 


In addition to this, it enables one to state positively when a patient who has passed through 
the various stages of diphtheritic trouble cin be safely allowed to go home and mix with the 
public without danger from infection. 


I may say that so far as the Isolation Hospital is concerned no patient is admitted to the 
diphtheritic ward until the case has been proven bacteriologically to be one of diphtheria, nor 
is the patient allowed out of the Isolation Hospital until the bacteriological examination of the 
throat has proved the absence of the infecting germ. 


The results of our investigations in connection with diphtheria has been to draw attention 
to the school as the great distributing centre, nor do I entertain the opinion that the sanitary 
condition of the schdol is often to any great extent causative, but the school must be regarded 
as the focal point of distribution, and when diphtheria exists in a thickly populated locality the 
necessity of closing the school, even in the absence of cases of diphtheria presenting themselves 
in its classes, may, under such circumstances become apparent. 


ees SE 


WINDSOR. 
Report or THE MepIcaL HEALTH OFFICER. 
To the Chairmanand Members of the Local Board of Health : 


GENTLEMEN,—You are aware that I was not appointed Medical Health Officer until 
July 3rd, 1895. Since that time there have been two deaths from typhoid fever. As to the 
number of cases, they have not been reported. Of scarlet fever ten cases, no deaths ; diph- 
theria five cases, and one death ; smallpox, none; Asiatic cholera, none. There have been 
several cases of malaria, but, according to the population, not as many as formerly. We have 
a better system of drainage than a few years ago, and I think will compare favorably with any 
other city with the same population in the Province. We, that is, the Chairman of the Board 
of Health, the Sanitary Inspector and myself, have worked amicably together, succeeded in 
having about sixteen dwelling houses, where the drainage or plumbing were very defective and 
had been so for some years, remedied. I would suggest, as regards the garbage, that removal 
be given to one or more persons, if they will remove it in a reasonable time after it has been 
placed in a convenient place for them to remove. I would also recommend that some one 
person be given the contract to remove all dead animals found on the streets or alleys, and 
they to remove them immediately after being notified. 


(Sed. ) ROBERT LAMBERT, M.D., 
Medical Health Officer. 


137 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


REPORT OF SECRETARY. 


Winpsor, December 13th, 1899. 
To the Chairman and Members of the Board of Health: 


GENTLEMEN,—Pursuant to the provisions of the by-law respecting the public health, I have 
the honor to submit for your consideration a report upon the sanitary work done during the 
year, as well as upon the sanitary condition of the municipality. 


In respect to the sanitary work accomplished, there is little reason for an extended state- 
ment. Nothing new in that direction has been undertaken, but the established methods for 
the improvement of the condition of the municipality have been employed with the usual zeal. 
The cost to the Board of the collection and disposal of garbage and rubbish has been $317.90. 
New rules and an entirely new system for the removal of this refuse must needs be speedily 
put into force, in order that cheaper, more effective and safer work may be done. At present 
the right of way for a public thoroughfare is used for the purpose, which for obvious reasons in 
the interest of the community must be discontinued. A suitable piece of ground should forth- 
with be secured, and the work of collecting and effectual burying of garbage therein, under 
stringent regulations established by the Board, should be done by contract annually entered 
into with a responsible person. The incoming Board should recognize the duty of making this. 
change as the one particularly demanding action at its hands. 


Milk analysis, temporarily discontinued, undoubtedly effected much good, first, by show ~ 
ing consumers the very wide divergence in the quality of the supply obtained from the respec” 
tive sources, and secondly, by convincing dealers that in order to retain trade they must bring 
up to, and maintain at, an established grade the milk sold within the city: The milk by-law 
passed by the council last January provides the machinery necessary for amply protecting our 
people against the evil consequences of impure milk ; and if the authorities live up to the 
duties imposed upon them respectively by said by-law, the public must soon cease to find ground 
for complaint on that score. Some fifty licenses under the by-law have been issued to milk 
vendors, and while it is possible this number does not represent the whole, there can be but 
few delinquents and any such may be readily identified. 


Meat inspection has thus far not been specially provided for, and it is not too much to. 
expect from the Board, that some attention should by it be given’to the consideration of that 
matter at no remote period. While milk and meat are regarded as the most common mediums. 
of spreading disease, and, therefore, to be necessarily the most carefully and frequently tested, 
there are other articles of food by many observers believed to be so adulterated as to be: 
unwholesome ; and while the voice of this community is silent, or practically silent, at the 
present day as to any necessity for general food analysis, an organization directly charged with 
the duty of safeguarding the public health, can hardly acquit itself conscientiously without at 
ak glancing at the character of the major portion of the materials upon which the public: 
subsist. 


In this connection the old story of our water supply must not be allowed to pass unnoticed. 
That the water has been alternately good and bad, there is hardly any doubt, and although the 
citizens hold diverse opinions as to the correct means to be adopted for the purpose of securing 


a constantly pure article for domestic use, the water commissioners have determined as a. 


preliminary step, it is assumed, to extend the intake pipe 200 feet farther out in the river, 
where in the principal current they hope to avoid contamination, by sewage at any rate, and. 
have now upon the ground a twenty-inch tube made of one-quarter-inch steel, which, by reason 
of the early insetting of winter, probably will not be laid unti] next spring. The cost of this. 
work will be, in round figures $2,0C0. It will by all be earnestly hoped that this change may 
solve the problem so long a live issue in Windsor, but in the event of a contrary result, other 
means must be resorted to and tests continued until the purest water obtainable shall be 
furnished our people. 


Facilities for the drainage of private property have been very materially increased during 
the year, lateral sewers having been constructed as follows: On Pellissier street, 862 feet ; 
Cameron avenue and Sandwich street, 2,550 feet; Vera Place, 325 feet ; Wyandotte street, 
655 feet ; London street, 485 feet and Brant street, 180 feet—a total length of 5,057 feet, con- 
structed at a cost of $7,000. 


Now, as to the second division of the matter that must under the by-law constitute this 
report, namely, the sanitary condition of the municipality. 


138 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). 2 A 1896 


While it has been generally remarked by citizens, especially during the summer months, 
that sickness prevailed to an unusual extent, it only required familiarity with other places of 
similar population to satisfy an enquiring mind that, despite the evidences immediately under 
view, Windsor ranked, in fact, second to no other town in the healthfulness of the population, 
The number of cases of typhoid fever, for instance, from time to time recited (they are not 
reported to the health oftice except when death ensues), occasionally provoked a feeling of 
uneasiness and seemed to reflect upon the quality of the river water, until, through the press 
and other sources, it was learned that diseases evidencing in a greater or less degree typhoid 
symptoms prevailed all over the country—indeed, on the other side of the boundary line as 
well as on this—and especially in localities where the water supply was derived from wells and 
not from flowing streams, when the condemnation of Detroit river water as a source of this 
fever became naturally less marked. There has been a large increase over last year, up to the 
date of this report, in the number of cases of diphtheria and scarlet fever, the number in 1895 
being, of the former fourteen, and of the latter nineteen. A solitary case of smallpox and two of 
scarlatina complete the list, which. omitting typhoid fever for the reason above noted, gives a total 
of thirty-six cases of contagious diseases occurring in a population of 11,549, or a proportion of 
iiszy per 100 ; of the fourteen cases of diphtheria two proved fatal, and three deaths resulted 
from typhoid fever, a total of five deaths from contagious diseases, or one death to 2,369.8 of 
the population. 


The total deaths registered in the city up to the date of this report, number 150, of which 
number, seven were non-resident, namely, two were drowned in Detroit river, two were killed 
on railways, and three died in hospital. If seven be added to the 150 deaths, which is a pro- 
portionate number for the balance of the year, we shall have a total of 157 for the year, as 
against 170 last year. Appended heret» are statements (A and B) shewing the disease reported 
in each case as the cause of death and the age of the deceased, which, to the professional man 
or others skilled in such matters, will afford material of considerable interest. 


It would not. be proper to close this report without reference to the pavements upon our 
principal streets, which have done so much towards the progress of our town, but many of 
which are undoubtedly nearing the end of their usefulness and becoming a source of great 
danger to the health of the community. Cedar b'ock pavements certainly have their 
advantages, and great ones teo, in a small city ; but it is time that our public men were pushing 
comprehensive investigation in proper places towards advantages offered by the employment 
of other materials, or at any rate, to a better method of constructing pavements of cedar than 
the one practiced in this place. From a sanitary point of view, it would appear self-evident 
that any material that will permit of the passage of water through it to the foundation or bed 
of the pavement, there to remain, must be bad ; whilst on economic grounds such must alsu be 
condemned, because rapid decay of the pavement and consequent expense for repairing and 
renewal, is an inevitable result. It is quite true that the construction of public works of the 
kind under notice does not fall within the province of this Board, but as guardians of the 
public health it should be the privilege if not the duty of the Board to warn another and 
directly responsible corporation of the municipality against the continuous use or adoption of 
materials and methods seemingly surcharged with the elements of great danger to the healthful 
well-being of the people. It might even be conceived, perhaps, that the Board is entitled to 
the right to establish the principle that no street pavement should hereafter be constructed 
until its foundation bed be properly and efticiently drained into a sufficient sewer, nor until, in 
the case of a wooden superstructure, some plan be employed to render the material as near as 
possible impervious to the water falling thereon. 


It is worthy of note and commendation that the plan a few years ago adopted by the 
municipal council of constructing lot connections from public sewers to the fence line of the 
property intended to be drained, simultaneously with the construction of the sewer itself, has 
this year been followed as far as possible in respect to the half-dozen sewers completed. The 
great difficulty every successive Board of Health is confronted with in its endeavour to secure 
the drainage of wet and unhealthy premises along the line of sewers not provided with these 
lot connections, is the expense of the work necessarily entailed upon the lot owners, particularly 
in the case of main sewers, who generally can ill afford to meet the cost in a lump sum ; but 
where drains are only needed to be made within the premises and to a comparatively easy level, 
the hardship disappears. 


Most respectfully submitted, 


STEPHEN LUSTED, 
Secretary. 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1839 


CITIES. 


Report to the Provincial Board of Health containing Summary of Replies 


Names of M.H.O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
EGLONGOM nee a acs als hraats Charles Sheard, M.D..|House to house inspection|Scarlatina, 139 cases; diph- 
once a year, theria, 525 cases ; typhoid, 
347 cases. 

Pam tonies Ase wt os oe J. Ryall, M.D.; Lewis|General inspection..........|+++e0 seeseeeeceseeeeecess : 
Macdonald, George 
Potter, sanitary in- 
spectors. | 

ORCA WAY ead «ue sro he's 1 97<%s A. Robillard, M.D. ;!General inspection twice a|Scarlatina, 182 cases; diph- 
G. McNeil, sanitary; year. theria, 287 cases ; typhoid, 
inspector, 195 cases. 

HIN SGON, «Ae eter ne S. H. Fee, M.D. ; W.|General inspection.......... Scarlatina, 17 cases; diph- 
S. Gordon, sanitary theria, 70 cases; typhoid, 
inspector. 35 cases. 

St. Catharines........ No M.H.O. ; A. Boul-|House to house inspectioa|Scarlatina, 20 cases; diph- 
don, sanitary inspec-| once a year. theria, 3 cases; typhoid, 
tor. 10 cases, 1 death. 

SiS LOMAS kof a san pars W. ©. Van Buskirk,|General inspection once a|Scarlatina, 13 cases, 1 death; 
M.D. ; W. J. Shaw,| year. diphtheria, 23 cases, 5 
sanitary inspector. deaths; typhoid, 38 cases, 

3 deaths, 

(TAG AYO) ov cock css: W. R. Hall, M.D. ;|Inspection in spring of each|Scarlatina, 15 cases, 1 death ; 
J. R.Guttridge, sani-} year. Diptheria, 74 cases, 2 
tary inspector. deaths ; typhoid, 68 cases. 

Windsor. pile lease R. Lambert, M.D.; D.|General continuous inspec- Smallpox, 1 case ; scarlatina, 
Grieve, sanitary in-| tion each year. | 21 cases; diphtheria, 14 

’ spector. cases, 2 deaths; typhoid 


| fever, 3 deaths. 


140 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


CITIES. 


to a Circular re Sanitary. Condition of the Municipality for the year 1895. 


————— ene 


Isolation of contagi-, Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con- 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases. 
State methods and} school children in} Give details and 


Number ot schools,|Average cubic air 
number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How] how carried out. each. 
tio n hospital. many yaccinated 
in 1895, 


Eas Sis ———— —___— Lhe pi aea ee 


“Isolation hospital...|Compulsory _before|All goods removed to 
admission toschool;| disinfection sta- 
300 vaccinations. ‘| tion. 


Forty-six returned ;|Average cubic air 
all public schools, space 205 cubic ft. 


Isolation hospital ..|No . .............. Usual methods ..../Twenty-eight schools 


s@eeerzreceoeereeeeseovred 


pulsory. | schools, 20 separate| cubic feet; separate 


Tsolation hospital. ..|Vaccination not com- Usual methods ..... Seventeen public|Public schools 275 
schools, schools 225 cubic 
feet. 

Se see ae WS at DOC No; number of child- Usual methods .....|Nine schools .......!203 cubic feet ...... 

ren 5,721. 

Isolation hospital for/Yes; no children|Disinfection under|Eleven schools...... Public schools 331 
smallpox patients] vaccinated in1895.| direction of phy- cubic ft. ; separate 
only. | sician in attend- schools 280 cubic ft. 

ance. 

An isolation hospital}No vaccination this;\Generally attended|Seven schools ....,. Abou 160 cubic feet 
for smallpox cases.| year, 1895. tc by physician for all schools, 

having charge of 
: the case. 

No hospital. Usual|No vaccination this|Houses thoroughly Six public schools ;/271 cubic feet ..... : 
methods adopted] year. fumigated. | 32 rooms, 
for isolation pur- 
poses, 

Isolation at house ..|None this year... ..|Usual methods ..... Eight schools ...... 255 cubic feet ...... 


141 


69 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


CITIES. 


Report te the Provincial Board of Health containing Sammary of R eplies 


Forms for notification'Number of factories and in-}Water supply.. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State thei r| are used give character of 


Municipality. H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? | 
PDOPONLOs eo fees s <5 Forms supplied 2 vatealcs weer 5 oem anrees edn tae Sa waterworks. 25... seer 
PRATT LUON seis ale theists ole Stee ee SERS es oh et Factories 883; employees|City waterworks; a few 
5,000. | wells. 
Ottawa seis.» <0 o V G8 eV OS Milica chron Were clare ic ters ae en mte eee chara ey waterworks ; no wells.. 
MingstoN s,s esses PY G8 S VOR cee ee sie ces Four factories, 1 cotton La ay © sag Daren eee 
190 employees; 1 hosiery, 
| 190 employees ; 2 cigar fac- 
tories, 110 employees. 
St. Catharines........| Notification forms are!'Twenty-four factories, em-]Waterworks ; a few wells still 
only supplied to phy-| ploying 873 employees. | in use, 
sicians. 
Sta Dhomiae A$ 200.52 Physicians only sup-|A large number of factories,|City water becoming more 
plied with forms. mills, and so forth. generally used ; a large 
number of wells still in use. 
SOOALNAIN va les sick es + op Vases ates iy oral Sats tactacate gh rates lars eames, a Mitntneaa 2 Waterworks and a few wells. 
| : 
WandsGr: fees «ss sae HANG ete yretereke cic araidiaes Few factories. 9.65.62. 0.05.6 Waterworks ............ ae 


\ 
| 


142 


er 
oe 
is 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


CITIES. 


to a Circular re Sanitary Condition of the Municipality for the year 1895. 


Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
posed of, whether} kind of noxious 
by dry earth] trades. How licen- 
closets. If so is} sed and regulated? 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage 
Is there medical or| Give number li-}| and night soil, 
veterinary imspec-| censed. SHow} whether by con- 
tion? Givedetails} drained and =Zhow| tract or only by 


of any examination, offal is disposed of.} householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval ? Health Act.) 
cculosis. 

‘One hundred, there|Thirty-five slaughter|Garbage cremated ;|Water closets con-|............ a astle os ( 
is medical inspec-| houses; offal and} night soil removed| nected with city 
tion. blood removed| by private parties.| sewers. 

daily. | 
RDA OILY COWS (ass uel eee ne eas oe ass ...|Used with ashes for|Water closets con-|.. ..... seccssssess 


filling in purposes.| nected withsewers. 


Hes Ae eS ROS Nop slaughterhouses! Nighb<soil removed] ¢ i022 scce sine ce Cece sels e cee Gadeee augue en 
in city. by contract. 


417 dairy cows; no/Two slaughter-jNight soil removed|Sewage drained into|Two tanneries, two 


examination. houses ; none li-| by contract. river. tallow melters. 
censed. 

129 dairy cows;|Three slaughter- Garbage and night/No contract ........ Three tanneries, one 
monthly inspection| houses; none li-} soil is removed by soap factory, one 
made by sanitary| censed. scavenger on re- hide house. 
inspector. All in quest of house- 
healthy condition. holder. 

No inspection ...... No slaughterhouses! No contract ........ Very few dry earth Onehide house, seven 

| allowed in city. | closets. | tallow houses, one 
soap house, and 
gas works, 

184 dairy cows; no|None .............. By contract ........|Some sewage drained} None. 
inspection. into sewers, 

5 eS en sesecee| NONE ...,..........|by householder ....|Sewers ............| None, 


143 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
eS ee 


TOWNS. 


Names of M.H.O. and State extent and methods of! Contagious diseases. 
Municipality sanitary inspector. | general inspection. | 
| 
| | 
| 
ee EE EE LT i a er Rh Pe mL, el a 
Aylmer .....2.200--ss C. W. Marlett, M.D.;/Inspector by personal visits|Smallpox, 1 supposed} case 5 
Wm. Hare, sanitary] reports to Local Board. *scarlatina, 2 cases. 
inspector. | | 
| | 
| | 
Amherstburg......... Oscar Teeter, M. D.;)House to house inspection |Scarlatina, 2 cases; diph- 
J.B. Tomlinson, san-| during April; after that a) theria, 2 cases ; typhoid, 3 
itary inspector. general inspection during| cases. 


the balance of the year. 


J. J. Harper, M.D. ;\Inspector made two examina- ‘Diphtheria, 3 cases, 1 death . 


Alliston ._...0+...-.. 1. 1D). 
| George McGinnis,| tions of premises during the| 


sanitary inspector. year. 
BaTriO se «st sere Ti. Olivers M.D a5 leone. eee eee Thar One case of scarlatina was 
the only contagious disease 
| reported in our town. The 
health of the town will com- 
pare very favorably with 
other years. 
IBPAMPtON as.c es «seas John Fingland, sani-/Sanitary inspector visits all|Scarlatina, 5 cases, 1 death. . 
tary inspector. premises once a year. 


Bracebridge ..........|samuel Bridgland, M (Inspector visits all premises|Diphtheria, 32 cases, 3 
D.; Thomas Dodd,| four times a year. deaths; typhoid fever, 13 
sanitary inspector. cases, 


Bowmanville .....%...|B. Lammiman, M.D. ;/General inspection yearly ... iScarlet fever, 40 cases ; diph- 


Richard Jarvis, sani- theria, 29 cases, 7 deaths; 
tary inspector. typhoid fever, 5 cases, 1 
death. 
Brock viNG 4, ses'y ssw — Harding, M.D.....|Satisfactory sanitary condi-|Typhoid fever, 10 cases;. 
tion. measles, 9 cases; scarlet 


fever, 4 cases; diphtheria, 


| 20 cases, & deaths, 


Se ee Ce Ne EE eS SS Se 


144 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con-|Number of schools, Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.| number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in} Give details and] and attendance in 


whether any isola- how carried out. 


municipality. How 


many vaccinated 


tion hospital. 
in 1895. 


re cf cr ey es es fs 6 ee ee 


| 
vach. | 


Smallpox patients/All school children|All houses are disin-/Two public schools,|Public school, 260; 


isolated; noregu-| vaccinated that) fected and fumi-| 9 rooms, average 47| collegiate institute, 
lar hospital. had not distinct} gated under. the| in each; collegiate] 450. 
marks of successful] care of M. H. O, institute, 6 rooms, 
vaccination. average 25 in each, 
| 
No isolation hospital;|None ......... RereRt retin kee neo MONTAG FAG Three sotidols: 4)... 00.0 elevecs cule 
house is placarded;| rooms in public, 1 
children not al- in separate (col- 
lowed to attend ored), 1 in separate 
school; the attend- (R. C.). 
ing physician sees 
to disinfection of 
clothing, etc. 
No isolation hospi-|No; vaccination is|............6 wate alye |One public school, 6/220 per:pupil ....... 
tal; houses are} not compulsory. rooms, average at-| - 
placarded. | tendance, 45. 
dante Hoe ros eWASS 400 *yneriliateds Fach oeiedias ocdel are cdes Our schools are in a}.,.., HSSeS 3 xyeeas 
fair sanitary condi- 
tion. 
No hospital ........ Vaccination compul-| _,............. ««--|Four schools; num-]..,,,....... Saba eas 
sory ; 535 children ber of rooms, 12; 
on school roll, average attend- 
ance, 44, 
No isolation hospital.'No ; 859 school child-| Disinfected underjOne school; number],, ..,............. 
ren. direction of M. H.| of rooms, 7; aver- 
iO age attendance, 64 
in each room, ; 
Isolation; houses] Vaccination compul-}...... i Pada’ eUuels « Three schools .... ./250 cubic feet....... 
placarded ; nohos-| sory ; 680 school 
pital. children. 


145 


10 H. 


.59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1396 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions, State their}; are used give character of 
H.O. of contagious| character and the number; soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 


. Municipality. 


vegetables and meats, from| soil, 
20 to 100 hands; door and 
sash, 6 hands; organ fac- 
tory, 3 hands; organ fac- 
tory, 5 hands; barrel and 
stave factory, 10 hands; 
staves and lumber, 10 
hands ; horse net factory, 5 
hands; hubs and spoke fac- 
tory, 15 hands; cider and| 
vinegar factory, 3 hands; 
flour and feed mills, 6 
hands; furniture factory, 
15 hands; foundry, 15 


PASSA OF. Cre wai: c sisietteee Yes; both used; yes..|Door and sash factory, 10;Wells only; sand and clay 
hands; canning factory and} loam with quicksand sub- 


hands. 

Amherstburg ......,. Y es): ‘the 'Vsecretary cof None toe uss ches ten ete. Waterworks system; intake 

Local Board notifies from Detroit river. 

the teachers. 

| 
ALL ISGON S155 wise oie he AV 68. Hiei; Salk ele Woollen factory, 30......... Wells; soil sandy...... .... 
PSALUIC seats ds eke eee as Tied ewe cepa eS cake lane | sahiehat PUP RGR chat ake a Lee From artesian wells; good 
, quality. 

Brampton gs aes peed ie ONG Laser hie eelns Factories, 34.245 oa euiicet Wells for domestic purposes. 
Bracebridge PLA stewie it Supplied to physicians)Two factories ; 2 tanneries ..|Partly from municipal water- 

only. | works; partly from wells. 


Bowmanville .........|Yes; both supplied...|One factory, 100 employees ;;Well water ; good; soil, clay 


2 foundries, 20 employees. loam ; sub-soil, clay. 


STOCK ViLLO Gs rose Bless lcm bs a ese roe 


eee ee wee eee ere e- ec eee reese srec ote rrr ereeeeseesereereeeresestourose 


146 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage;\Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or| Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. Howl whether by con-| by dry earth| trades. Howlicen- 
tion? Givedetails} drained and how| tract or only by| closets. Jf so, is} sed and regulated? 


of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63. Public 
tion of herds for | moval? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis. 


No dairies inside cor-|None inside munici-|Garbage taken away;Dry earth closets; None. 


| 


Two dairies ; no vet-/Four slaughter-/By householder; san-|Street sewage goes icueaes 


poration; no in-| pality. by householder ;| night soil carted|- 
spection. night soil by con-! away under con- 
tract. tract ; sewage dis- 
posed of by sewage 
drains, 
NOG ti cae ol See None within munici-|By householder ....|Householder makes|None. 
pality. contract to bury 
the same, 


erinary inspection.| houses. itary inspector is} the river. 
watchful in this 
matter. 
MARNE ae wibicl snare Lace ae Rrafeien ce malaise ROO ESOWOPAL OL AYN] 0% is GrekelGe aye a vai tral ao eeme cates na ere: 
| | 
| 
Twenty dairy cows ;|Four slaughter dy biywcontract’site ea ereket te -e--|None. 
no inspection. houses ; licensed. Sut: by househol- | 
er. 
Thirty-six dairyjOne slaughter-|By contract ........ Dry earth closets ...}None. 
cows; no inspec-| house; none li- 


tion. censed. 


Two dairies, 25 cows|Five slaughter qlee and nightiSewage disposed of None. 
each; no inspec-| houses; on the out-| soil removed by| by drains; several 
tion, skirts of town. householder, dry earth closets in 
private residences. | 


The milk supply ial Bee es Peiawate Sra ciae «ails © ae Si Ge cateee Hiverything’ .b @:in'g)<.écsccees eeave See 
exceptionally good, | done to make the 
; | sewage good. | 


147 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNS.—Continued. 


Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


Municipality sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
| 
PRO LITIBON: tp .cists cei ais ee 0 sts J. W. Shaw, M.D. ;|Notices are distributed 1st/Scarlatina, 15 famalies; 
J. Wheatly, sanitary] April toevery householder,| typhoid, 12 cases, 1 death. 
inspector. giving till lst May to clean 
up. Inspector visits after- 
wards, if not cleaned the 
officer engages help and 
charges same against the 
property. 
BCODOUTS b cece eee a nie E. C. McNichol ......}Ordered many pre misesjScarlatina, 7 cases; diphth- 
. cleaned. erla, 4 cases, 2 deaths; 
typhoid, 4 cases. 
-Collingwood.......-.. A. R. Stephen, M.D. ;|Once a year general inspec-|Scarlatina, 29 cases ; typhoid, 
B. F. Lewis, sanitary tion made. 15 cases. 


inspector. 


Dresden..............|dwin Gougin, sani-|Inspection in the spring and|Scarlatina, 2 cases; diph- 
tary inspector. at intervals during thej| theria, 6 cases, 2 deaths; 
year of all back yards,| typhoid, 3 cases. 
premises and privies, 


MOUNGAS 2 een cee TA. Bertrara, VM Dg a. chemi sideteae oe ete wee Lyphoid; I casey. 220...) eee 
Peter Atkins, gani-| 
tary inspector. 


TRULGT Raho cis e's css ..-+..|David Geddes, sanitary|General inspection in spring.|Typhoid, 4 cases............ 
inspector, 
“Hssex:......--seeree.e(r. McKenzie, M.D.; ;|Thorough inspection several! Diphtheria, 1 case ; typhoid, 
J. Gormley, sanitary times a year. 6 cases, 
inspector. 
Fenelon Falls ........|A. Wilson, M. D. ;)Inspection in spring. Notices|Scarlatina, 25 cases ......... 
S. Nevison, sanitary sent out calling on all resi- 
inspector. dents to cleae up. 
WOresbasc cose ce orate : 1 J. Nash, M.D. ;|}Regular inspection. . Blt geen Vualutins De Wr eres ents 


Henry Harvey, sani- 
tary inspector. 


Fort William.........|W.H. Hamilton, M.D.|/Health of town good during/ Measles, 23 rita scarlatina, 
the year. 11 cases ; typhoid, 3 cases, 
with 1 death; diphtheria, 

7 cases, 2 deaths. 


148 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1886 


TOW NS.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,;Average cubic air 
ous diseagses.| compulsory? State} tagious diseases.} number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and} school children in| Give details and/ and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How| how carried out, each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 

in 1895. | 

| 
No hospital. Every|No ; 474; about 15..j;Houses_ disinfected/Two school 835913) 225 feetic. cn can 

house infected is with sulphur and| rooms, average at- 
placarded and iso- chloride of lime,' tendance 300. 
lation demanded. all offal disinfected| 


and buried, cloth- 
ing boiled and| - 
saturated with cur- 


rosive sublimate 
solution. 
No isolation hospital.|No ; 856 school child-| A SR a Sd eat Four schools, 39!Lots of air space.... 
ren on roll, | children in each 
| room. 
| 
Patient separated|Yes; 535, between|The use of disinfect-|Three; 8 rooms; at-|240 .............00% 
from other mem-| the ages of 7 and| ants under super-| tendance in each 
bers of the family;} 21; none. vision of the medi-| 45, 31, 32, 45, 50, 
no hospital; houses cal attendant. . 54, 56; total 345. 
placarded. 
Patients removed to|Vaccination not com-]... ........esceeees One school; 13 TOOINS 5} a 'e.s oi 014 se east eaare 
some unoccupied] pulsory. about 450 pupils, 
building. | 
INONGpess cai ee ee No general vaccina-|Physicians in attend-, Three schools ...... 300 cubic feet in pub- 
tion. ance take charge in lic’ and separate 
such cases, schools, 800 in high 
school. 
Isolate the house; no/A thorough vaccina-|Ordinary means Bales schools ........ 300 cubic feet ...... 
hospital, tion of children one; ployed. 
year ago. 
| | 
No isolation hospital.|No .............+:- lan clothing fumi-|Twoschools. ...... 242 cubic feet ...... 
gated. 
ae ks karte IN Gbiecdcle wilds ce male's heb aea tees Dee aoc b WOUSCODOLS. hig h|260cubie feet ree 
school, public 
school. 
Every precaution ............ Pane vses'e ail ark apn er RMGPER CRED Meta ote. Lintntchadaidatorete stecua aw ere Ste o [a vost a, ees-a gece 


taken ; the medical 
health officer pay- 
ing much attention 
in such cases, 


149 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 


tis as by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their} are used give character of 
Municipality. H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
CE TON dak c was sieeve ces Yes; supplied to teach-|Seven factories, organ fac-|All wells; mostly surface 
ers of all schools and| tory, 7; planing mills, 3;| water; gravel bottom. 
M.D’s, of towns, tanning mill, 1; thrashing 
machine, 1; barrel factory, 
2; bicycle factory, 2; car- 
riage, 3. 
CODGUTE rn loe. ies cote | SEE tS eI RST Bo Sie OE op ney tg or) EN her eR PEE ORY OF ec: ny 
Collingwood.......... one supplied........ One factory, 45 employees...|Waterworks ; few wells, .... 
Dresden... sos 5 site on Supplied to teachers|Hub, spoke and _ bending)Wells; two thirds of the 
who use them as oc- factory, average 35; stave) town sandy loam with 
casion requires. and hoop factory, 50: : sach| quick sand ; one-third clay 
and door factory and] loam with clay sub-soil. 
| planing mil), 5; foun- 
dry and machine shop, 4 ; 
OTN S RASA: hie sce ee OS Fes neeee cave ceaeies Ning factories ....,. <<... 5% Waterworks and wells ...... 
PGVOP A itiin sce a'e ¢ik wate Forms. supplied to/Four factories; number of|/Wells; clay loam upon Jime- 
physicians, employees, 131. stone rock; wells bored 
| into rock. 
IEURBEX Biiaw se cee sors ats ln o forms supplied .. fa factories; two saw|Wells ..............+- ssoe- 
mills. 
| | 
Fenelon Falls Mee MiCR Oa a ate'e en aete ees ata wae Ten factories andmills....... Chiefly from wells ..... 
MOrest 2.0. e508 pie oie Woes weap ances stent One flour mill, 1 sash factory,| Wells ; sandy loam, clay sub- 
1 foundry. soil. 


Fort William ...... dip | a els tia ee ere are eee | Gartigehen's Qatie ciratereir ere ey s/s ep owes sa ous ale later ate Bo i 


150 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896 


TOWNS.— Continued. 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage/Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether| kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-} censed. How| whether by con-| by dry earth| trades, How licen- 
tion? Givedetails} drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.} householder, there contract re-| (See sec, 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval ? Health Act. 
tuberculosis. 


a ae 


One dairy, 65; one/Four; no license;/By householder;|A few dry earth|None. 


dairy, 40; both| offal fed to pigs. placed on farms 14] closets. 
herds are inspected miles from town. 
for tuberculosis, | | 
Milk supply found of|Slaughterhouses in| ......... ......-. : Farin cablchese tal'g arm eae SAL 0's | eterna dora Sheree ee ee 
good quality. good condition. 
478 dairy cows...... Hours lan pivive renee sora tee. c: Central part of town|None. 
houses, dry earth closets. 


| 


None in municipal-/None in municipal-|By householder ....|/Partly by dry earth|None. 
ity. ity closets; principally 
thrown on vacant 
lots. 
Rete tC Oeite oul c In one in town ...... By householder ....|Some dry earth clos-|None. 
ets. | 
INOne Far a. Fock Slaughterhouses not|By householder; dry|No contract removal.|None. 
licensed. earth clcsets in 
| general use, | 
INODEI. Sheen ty ae None? ne din eee, |By contract; dry No sewers.......... None 
earth closets. | 
No inspection ...... None. e, ° householder ....|No system.......... | Sadia « shate'ala's! cha neaitaea tame 
By householder ....|Dry earth and pit|.............. Sore 
closets. | 


None selene. te ae 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35): A, 1896 


TOWNS.—Continued. 


Names of H. M.O. and|State, extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
Municipality. sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
. e . 
FOL; DAY satan Hien J. Johnston, M.D; Directly anything in shape of|Typhoid, 3 cases......... es 
D. Beatty, sanitary in- disease is ascertained his is 
spector,. | disinfected and isolated. 
(SAIL C ete eee Sit ee J.S. Wardlaw, M.D.;|House to house inspection|Scarlatina, 4 cases; typhoid, 
Adam Ray, sanitary| once a year. 10 cases ; 4 deaths. 
inspector, 

Angersoll Guu sso. os ues M. F. Lucas, M.D....|Every cesspool within the|Our death rate is very low, 
corporation has been| being about one for every 
cleaned up. This work has| 77 of the population; diph- 
been done systematically} theria, one death. 
and thoroughly. 

| 

Kincardine .......... N. Hopkins, M.D. ; J.\General inspection from Diphtheria, 15 cases, 2 deaths; 
Pratt, sanitary "in-| house to house. typhoid, 27 cases, 2 deaths. 
spector. 

SIMI BAY els te, 0 sis c ess cote J. McAlpine, M.D....|Sanitary condition highly|Measles, 7 cases; scarlatina, 

satisfactory. 3 cases, 1 death; diphtheria, 
35 cases, 7 deaths, 

NECALOTONG yea casts C. R. Maclean, M.D. ;/Frequent visits are made by|Scarlatina, 11 cases reported ; 
R. Dealy, sanitary sanitary inspector through] 1 death. 
inspector. thickly settled parts of the 

town. 

Mouut Forest ........ No M. H. O.; Chas.|Inspector makes visits once|Scarlatina, 8 cases; dip h- 
Boulding, sanitary or twice a year. theria, 4 cases, 1 death ; 
inspector. typhoid, 12 cases, 4 death. 

Mattawa .........000. M. J ames, M.D.; M.|Inspector carefully inspects|Diphtheria, 3 cases ; typhoid, 
Filkin, ‘sanitary in-| premises three timesa year.| 2 cases. 
spector. 

| 

INADANEE foils suis nce he E. B. Perry, sanitary Thorough inspection in spring|Typhoid, 14 cases, 1 death .. 
inspector. 

Newmarket .......... D. M. Campbell,M.D.;|General inspection made by|/Typhoid, 2 cases, 1 EEE 


P. J. Anderson, sani- sanitary inspector. 
tary inspector. 


152 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNS.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con- Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases. number of rooms,| space to each pupil, 
State methods and| school children in} Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How} how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated in 
; 1895. : 
House isolated ; gar-|Yes; none this year,|No contagious dis-|One school, 3 rooms}..........++++++-++- 
ments, furniture, being all vaccin-| eases have found} —lst, 30; 2nd, 40; 
etc., fumigated ;| ated 1894, foothold, owing to| 8rd, 50, 
garments, when ne- the vigilance of Dr. 
cessary, burned. Johnston, 
No isolation hospital.|Yes ; vaccination in|....... ssccceeeeees Four schools s 10 n eke i. ...: 3s se pac eee 
1895. high school. 


Headed aero CES Anumber Of Persons re) 22 cfs ccvessies svete acces coke Sebeaa ges 
were vaccinated. 


a 


Confined as far as|Vaccination general.|U sual metho ds|Two schools — High|High school, 525 cu- 


possible to the adopted, School, 85 pupils;| bic feet; public 
house; no hospital. | Public School, 9} school, 340 cubic 
rooms ; 397 pupils feet. 
in all. | 
ete el MI © OTTO. jaigree dr ess OF abe st bate Snimold tare died oP Elfed es wales ed @ ewe saa 6 fed deters wee arele’s stare oe 
adopted. 
Isolation of patient|No; cannot say how Washing of walls of|High school, 5 rooms,|...+4 ss..++++seeer 
as far as circum-| mary vaccinated. dwellings, use of| 75 to 100 pupils ; 
stances will allow ; disinfectants and| public schools, 9 
no hospital, other methods. rooms; average 
attendance about 
50 in each, 


No. hospital ; usual| About 400 ; no record|Each medical doctor/Two schools ; 9 in|Don’t know. 


methods at house| of number vaccin-| has promised to| one, 7 in the other. 


of patient. ated. attend to this 
1.atter in his prac- 
tice. 
Isolation hospital. |Not compulsory ; 60J|General methods|Two schools........ One hundred and 


school children ; no| adopted, twenty cubic feet. 
vaccination during 


the year. 


No isolation hospital. {Not compulsory ....|By physicians in |Three schools. Aver-|About 258 cubic feet. 
Houses placarded. charge. age attendance in 


each room 50, 


No isolation hospital.|No ........sseeeere Houses fumigated ..|Four schools........ | sive Su AIb aie cata e Alek ies 


Usual methods. 


153 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOWNS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
‘aa; by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
Municipality. H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both} of employees in each, 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 


ET OLS DAV iba sues cee Cannot say 2. 6. scene Two factories—saw and grist|Wells and lake; clay loam 
mill, 20 hands; 1 planing} and gravel. 
mill, 4 hands. 
| 
Galicrrn ees 6 Ronee Han TdT LOS Re ee Twenty-three factories ...... Town waterworks .......... 
MO QALEO LG ccs nia s Seal Lowe Nise ah eee wy Wraanial hd /alet-o1y “eato Wea ap atu «athe: fees ow iaye aU ele o eis Tene ee 
Kincardine ....... bree | INO Ue ee eh eee es ae ICabines factory, 80 hands ;/From the lake.............. 


stove foundry, 20 hands; 
boiler works, 15 hands; 
foundry, 12 hands. 


Hindsay oes. Nn] Babee A te, ae ae ae etp g's susan lene ate Ris M. H. 0. draws attention to 
the fact that in the five 
families having typhoid, 
all used well water. 

Weatords ®t eres WV O83" Ves os Jot ee No large factories ; 1 planing; Waterworks supply water for 

factory, 1 carpet factory, il domestic service in central 


foundry, 1 saw mill, 1 grist] part of the town; many 
mill. wells used. 


Mount Forest ........ Y 08's ses (heen tus One large cabinet factory, 41|Wells; gravel and blue clay. 
hands; ficur and oatmeal 
mills, 20 hands ; other fac- 
tories, small, about 10 


hands. 
INES CCA WA decal, cucle sce INO‘. eben eee No factories..... sity Wise lh dios Water is drawn from Mat- 
: tawa and Ottawa Rivers. 
Napanee ........ | PR EN ae ey tay ne te One furniture factory, 35 em-|Wells; mostly clay with rock 


ployees ; 1 carriage factory,} bottom. 
15 employees ; 2 grist mills, 
20 employees ; 2 sash fac- 
tories 15 employees ; 1 soap 
factory, 6 hands, and num- 
erous others, 


Newmarket .......... Ves 2ett). its thes pn eT Ten factories and mills...... Wolls jau,-2) Ga ee 


154 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 35}. A. 1896 


TOWNS.— Continued. 


No. of dairy cows.'Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medlcal or :Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether} kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How] whether by con-| by dry earth] trades. How li- 
tion? Givedetails| drained and how| tract or only by| closets. If so, is} censed and regu- 


of any examination: offal is disposed of,| householder. there contract re-| lated? (See sec. 
of herds for tuber- moval? 63 Public Health 
colosis. : Act.) 
| | 

None) no» general|Two';-nione licensed sre seme ens cg ss. \-l) eerie ems igite snes + os ees oi me esa g 
dairy. offal fed to hogs. 

are Oa 5 Sse awh cate Pea nia rece ctvint 4 By householder ....|Privy pit system still]................-00% 

in use, - 

‘Loexmilke supply Of} on ae coc ce en ee 9 Hpk? ll si ALL ah Nexti;season* weex:| 2.5 os van ges o anes 
the town is being pect to put in a 
kept under surveil- system of sewer- 
lance by a system age. 


of vendor s licenses 
and an inspector 


and test of the milk 
supplied. 
IOUGL a ee ses ee ooh tL WO eres ete ,--e- |By householder ....;Under direction of|None. 


sanitary inspector. 


ee er ey |e ramet on pe ata ant cael CaP aredy coe ie Swale os ORE Me Hic OR ad V18'6 Slo occ ecce nee ceca ss 
board to construct 
sewers, 


No dairy cattle kept|One slaughter-house;|No system of dis-|No system of sewer-|None. 


here. no drainage sys-| posal. age. 
tem ; offal is fed to 
hogs. 


Two dairies; no in-|Three in outskirt of/By householder ....i|Nocontract removal,|None. 
spection. town. 


IN ONG \.'.5< 1° dee eislp oS INONGt cays sateen Removed, b-Y¥o CON Vewveewiiees Sones -»--|None. 
tract. 


Dry earth closets....|/No complaints made 


One hundred and|Three slaughter-|/By householder to 
as to noxious trades. 


fifty-six cows; no} houses; nolicense;| dumping pit with- 
inspection. offal fed to pigs. |* in town. 


A few cows ........ None in town ...... By contract ........ Dry earth closets and|None. 
pits. 


155 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNS.—Continued. 


State extent and methods 


Names of M. H. O. and . : 
Municipality. sanitary inspector. of general inspection. Contagious diseases. 
Niagara Falls........ G. W. Olivez, M.D.; S,|When necessary the sanitary].......... PLP D ie 
| Ward, sanitary "in-| inspector visits premises. 
spector. . 
Orangeville .......... C. M. Smith, M.D.; R.|General inspection once a/Scarlatina, 1 case; diphth- 
Shields, sanitary in-| year. eria, 2 cases. 
spector. 


Orillia ........... ..]W. C. Gilchrist, M.D.;|House to house inspection in|Scarlatina, 27 cases, 2 deaths, 


Mr. Dreyer, sanitary spring. diphtheria, 40 cases, 6: 
inspector. deaths. 
Owen Sound.....,.... Allan Cameron, M.D.|General inspection.......... Scarlatina was epidemic dur-- 


ing the year. 


ROATISN salve se ch soo se aih D. Duton, M.D.; J.S.|In May of each year, house|Diphtheria, 1 case ; typhoidi 
Creen, sanitary in-| to house inspection ismade.| 10 cases ; 3 deat hs. 
spector, | 

Peterborough ........ J. Clarke, M.D.; G. J.!A very thorough inspection|A number of cases of typhoid’ 
Rosgel, sanitary in-/ made by inspector during 
spector. the year. | 

POLTOLOS si0ie sarin sale cis 4 G. D. Lougheed, M.D.;|Regular inspection.......... Yes; about 800 school child- 
J. Ferguson, sanitary ren, 
inspector. ; 

SP EMDLOKG cies ws.s sales a's W. W. Dickson, M.D.; ;|House to house inspection in Scarlatina, 34 cases, 1 death ; 
John Campbell, sani- spring. diphtheria, 18 cases, 2 
tary inspector. deaths ; typhoid, 17 cases, 

6 deaths, 

PICCON alts s i pens de HH." Bu Evans, (M.D io cscs oe tap eras eee leak te | tales hte a ee 
HEN; Babbitt, sani- 
tary inspector. j | 

IPK@SCOLE. airs ok scone ae W. P. Buckley, M.D.;|..... AE ay PAE: SURES a She mMpredl Prey ed. Nod Sey ce Bree PG Am 


Robert Smith, sani- 
tary inspector. | 


156 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


Asolation of contagi- |Has vaccinati on Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 


ous diseases.| been compulsory? tagious diseases;} number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods State school child- give details and| and attendance in 
and whether any | rep in municipal-| how carried out. each. 


‘isolation hospital. | ity. How many 
vaccinated in 1895, 


A Ae ek ele. ie cies -»--{1n 1894 vaccination|Usual methods em-|Three schools ....,.|..seercccesceccevces 
was very general,! ployed. 


Qsolation as far as|Not compulsory ....|...... .....-00- ses ee|LWO SCHOOIR = y/o. sete cs aweltete ofefa erate 
possible. 


weecoceecr cee eee ecerseeceni ers ewe eee e eceeereeeteeceee seers eseceoeseeeeces] © s BFP OF CeCe ee eel eeeeereoeeeste eessees 


Contagious diseases}/Yes; so far as the/This depends upon|Five schools; high|About 190 cubic feet. 
are isolatedin their] school children are| the medical attend-| school, 6 rooms, at- | 


houses, and disin-} concerned, but not] ant. tendance 70 to 80; 
fectants used;| for others ; 100 separate school, 2 
membersof families} were vaccinated in rooms, 63 in ‘at: 


not allowed to at-| 1894and 25in Hecil tendance; first 
tend school or work 


in factories, 


ward, 4 rooms, at- 
tendance 216; south 
ward, 2 rooms, at- 


ward, 1 room, at- 


| tendance100; north 
| 
| =. tendance 25, 
eeee- ee ceeeeeeveeveee ° eee @eeeee0 


BSOtALION. NOspltml anes ae sees ang eee ieee tates cette ar laltay cols eines hens ees wovies loseinabcere 
~ 
Usual methodsj Vaccination not eben! Praha Tapas sates BIVe BCNOOIN. cco ee cINe eke oes cue nee ae 
adopted pulsory; 1,130 
school children. | 

Ant aaa rk .oe{|No ..........+6+2-.|Usual methods ..../Three schools ,.....|Cubic air space pub- 
ue school 210 cubic 
eet. 


157 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification;Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions, State their| are used give character of 


Municipality. H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both] of employees in each. 
supplied ? Do both! 
make use of them? 
Niagara Falls ........ No dey eck oe oon Ue tees Two factories, 105 employees. |N lee ats River; in afew cases 
wells. 
OFANPeVlue tease. ss ass VOR hie ceo a telne ne tel tea rea dias emer A ami 7 Wells 2.24 .Gaiae eee 
CESTR ET 0 Seag rsee OR ah ri fata me Bee. Maen Rae ee sale tan pied tenet ernas ox Pits sie Water supply exceptionally 
good. 
Owen Sound.......... Y es ee eda De ee Take Mie bien © ei alee stele Su tacie Sheree lel pte Mee te ta a ea ce ete 
PAvis Pet. wai Oaks she's No forms for teachers.|Woollen, winsey, alabastine,|Public supply from springs ; 
- needle, nickel plating and| a number of wells are used 
“carpet manufacturers, em-| on the flats, there is danger 
| ploying 450 hands. of contamination ; sub-soil 
gravel. soil light and stony. 
Peterborough ........ RICE Spa ees Ure ec | La ete tiem ieni @ cma wi eie cites srcmtean| ole Sacre the »'atelpretel Cale teateul Rede 
PiOULOlLOS Bo rc's'csu leit cise Noformsccinisccewecel seep ar cee oe pla Aer cae fee | sais tte «ais A ER API 8. 65: 
POMOrOke ses. os tic eeee Not always used, but|/No factories in which there'Lake and wells; board have 
supplied as required.| are many employees, urged the closing of wells 
in thickly settled portion of 
town. 
PACLON Witew ss vores 0's.2 00 Made use of when re-|Two canning factories, em-|Springs and wells .......... 
| quired. ployees 250. os 
PP TDECOLU a ccs urine wit Niaiforms pawocrter rcs One distillery, 50 employees ; Wells; limestone rock, mix- 


1 brewery, 20 hands; 1| ed clay and gravel, 
emery factory. 


158 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


| 


No. of dairy cows. Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-'State number and 


Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether! kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| b y dry earth] trades. How licen- 
tion? Givedetails} drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is| sed and regulated ? 
of any examination] offal is disposed of.| householder, there contract re| (See sec. 63 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval ? Health Act.) 
culosis. 
| 

INGnGm ea eho ts None yi a. sooo e| By contract ........ UPS US ere celery © None. 

No inspection ...... yo. stadacerateeee eee 6 eee oe |Py householder ... | oaths a Bedee sets oh Me ee One tannery. 

I ics DDLY AV, TV. snore Soe ae, The work of removall......... LE ODT PE ches. Saher eea cert 
good. 1s very satisfactory 


About 90 inspections;|AII are removed from|Nightsoil by contract/There is no system ; 
only partial; noj limits of town; no} with the Board;| a few sewers exist 
special examin-| licenses issued, garbage looked] and are discharged 
ations for tubercu- after by house-| into Grand River. 


None, 


losis. holder. 
| 

Milke supply, consid-|>.0.....to.e% ee wap aay ADS nor a oe Me The methods adopted] 0.0. 2.0hes eo ee eas 
ered very satisfac- for the removal of 
tory. night soil are con- 

sidered satisfactory 

Thirty cows; no ex-|Three slaughter-|By contract ........|... bia Malou actista heats None, 
amination, houses, 

One hundred and/One slaughterhouse;/By householder ..., [Dry earth closets ;|None, 
fifty dairy cows;] in good condition, removal by house- 
no Inspection. holder, 

3 ie: PS Ne ge ey None allowed in cor-|By householder ....|Dry earth closets ...|None. 

poration. 

No inspection ...... None in town....... By householderh. st.) sacctaateees woes, None, 


159 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NS.—Continued. : 


Name of M. H. O. and|State extent’ and methods of Contagious diseases. 


Municipality sanitary inspector. general inspection. 

Rat Portage.......... POs NAOsCOVile IM, D..seree| tas cee cee eae een ote satire Typhoid, 12 cases .......... 
B. Donkin, sanitary 
inspector, 

RRONLLOW Fels tee vies TD. Halligan MiDis ly eiieccs sak oes Cae ee ees © Typhoid, 20 cases; 2 deaths. 
B. Mc Dermott, 
sanitary inspector, 

Strathroy .....00-.%;.- Gs Henderson, ) NUD) iene. cs selec > colnet ys aaa Seven cases smallpox in 1894 ; 
Robt. Miller, _sani- 1 case scarlatina, 1 diph- 
tary inspector. theria, 1 typhoid in 1895. 

Sault Ste Marie ...... John L. Rae, sanitary|General inspection made once/Scarlatina, 24 cases ; typhoid, 
inspector, a year. 44 cases. 

ESEINICOG Rs Gees ae shi cee J.C. C. Grassett,(In spring a careful inspection|Typhoid, several cases...... 
M.D.; George Coates, is made. 
sanitary inspector. 

SEAIOLEN te cess ch eens Dr. Burrows ; Wm.!One general inspection during} (\". 79>, .. see co. sa eee ee 
Gillespie, sanitary in-} May. 
spector. 

| 

Thessalon ............ T. J. McCort, M D.;!General inspection.......... Scarlatina, 3 casegs.......... 

William Higgins, 
! sanitary inspector. 

Thorold ...... ee-eee.-| J. K. Johnston, M.D.|House tohouse inspection ..|Typhoid, 2 cases ; 1 death .. 

Toronto (North)......|S... R. Richardson, |General house to house visita- Becatne lcase; diphtheria, 
M.D.; G. H. Law-| tion. 11 cases ; typhoid, 5 cases. 
rence, sanitary in- 
spector- 

ASIBONDUTR Is cs ses 803 ss | C. McDonald, acon inspection 6 'V-OTY|« wants. «cistat cle vee s oe chee 
A. Pow, sanitary in-| - three months. 
spector. 

AI RDVIGGO A vinnie 50s 2 H. Bascom, M.D. ;|House to house inspection ..|Typhoid, 35 to 40 cages...... 
Wn. :Tuck,- sanitary 
inspector. 


160 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 3), A, 189€ 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con-|Number of schools:| Average cubic air 
ous diseases., compulsory? State| tagious diseases.) Number of rooms;space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in| Give details of how| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How| carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895. 
No isolation hospital.|No ........ LB iblgh OE | MaMa FEAT OTS iene aes: je oi Four:schools*s 03 o] oviauy Ue hei eens 
| 
No hospital ...:.:.. Vaccination nobcom-|.......  ........... Kourschools jc... 61.0 us eee ee eee 
pulsory, 


Houses placarded.|Compulsory ; 921 ;|Rules laid down by/Three public schooll., 
Temporary hospi-| no report of num-| Provincial Board houses; 9 rooms; 


talduring smallpox] ber vaccinated. carefully carried| average to each 
epidemic for small- out underthedirec-| room, 45 to 50. 
pox patients only. tion of M. H.O. : 


No special arrange-|No vaccination took|As directed by phy-|Three schools ...... Varying from 100 to 
ments made. place this year. sician in charge. 300 cubic feet. 

BNORALPANGO. MN CIPS Aetcoss calories obese None found neces-/Twoschools ........ The air space is con- 
made in such cases. ‘sary, having had! sidered ample. 


no contagious dis- | 
eases during the 
year. | 


No isolation hospital.| Number of school!No uniform method.|Two schools ; 1 pub- Average cubic air 


children, 624. lic school, 1 high| space per room 295 

school. cubic feet. 
No hospital ........ VON See Cs ee fyeee fhe Usual methods ..... Three schools ...... | aiarail oat Meal cis naea Wagers 
No hospital ........ INO. Bits ash. «adel sivid dail ence meee er ian ay Soc Lae Men nee bee Whe Ty 223 cubic feet . .... 


errr Two schools ..:..... loss cubic feet | 


Tsolated at house.../350 school children. .|Usual methods 
PTE Hl). eb cccses es |X 082300 school child-}y .xsvs+u5 Sethe. 3 Two schools ........ Average cubic air 
ren, space 210 feet. 
publickie. | sip, "t- ;as aa 


Isolated at home .. ae Mee ota eal sete AP ROO ooh Ae SRD 2 schools; 1 high, 1 240 cubic feet 


11 H. 161 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NS.— Continued. 


Forms for Re Sa ea ee of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 


by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their] are used give character of 


Municipality. H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases- Are both| of employees in each. l 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? | 
Rat. Portage... 2. No forms Sos eee ene Three saw mills, employees|Principally from lake. Few 
250; Four mills 80 em-| wells. 
ployees ; 1 box factory, 10 
employees. 
OUTLAW... cb crrncetens No forms Gin water Ree Soles factory and 3/Wells; clay soil and sub-soil. 
mills. 
SELAtOLOY fe.ueein ese Nees (ome ra wolbtetiara One canning factory, 1 rake|Domestic purposes; wells 
factory. 1 foundry and ma-} only ; soil sandy. 
| chine shop, 2 saw mills, 2 
| flour mills, 1 dairy school, 
2 shingle factories, 1 stove 
factory, 1 carding mill and 
cloth factory, 1 flax mill, 1 
brewery, 1 pop factory, 3 
tailor establishments. 
Sault Ste. Marie,..... ING ee Shae a eee ney: Three factories ............, Wells and springs ..... .... 
SHENCOR Beste ys EAN S NGS silicates Cae ee Six factories and mills ; about|Wells ; supply good ........ 
66 employees. 
SSEPLOLEN 3% sc Moe gee oh Y.CS> ss sentten Goes ae One cabinet factory, 2 plan-|Wells ; clay loam; clay .... 
ing mills, 1 foundry, 3 mills; 
; total employees, 112. 
Uhessalon 5 ee. ss sae No. formsss.-3 eee ese 2s settee eds icles ee ee Saveqr etn ee and lakes. vs .cn nee 3 
| : 
PEOTOLCI I. ts wince oceise No torms, ..eee. ee One factory ; 50 employees..|Wells ; claysoil ........... 
Toronto (North)...... Bionit knows cous cl sae tle Mie soe: Se Ark ee ae Wells ; sub-soil gravel bed ; 
pure water. 
MUSONDUTE sc sen: oes o's PV OSes ss, aoe aes None...... sts: tape a cathe Wells ; clay loam with gravel 
sub-soil. 
IRD GO FES ol wiee iteeh wilted cites oe ctl etn Ae ae es tare Oana rare (0) | ( Ss a wok aoe, Gee ae 


162 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NS.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medicalor}| Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether} kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How; whether by con-| by dry earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated? 


of any examination| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 62 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval ? Health Act.) 
culosis. 

128 dairy cows. No!Three slaughter-|Part by contract....|.........- Viera maty ator None, 
inspection. houses ; no license; 


offal fed to pigs. 


306 dairy cows. No One slaughterhouse.|By contract ......|Dry earth closets ;|None of any import- 
inspection. contract removal. ance, 
No record. No in-|Twoslaughterhouses;|By contract ........ Disposedunder direc-|One tannery, two 


amination of herds. health. licensed ; regulated 


spection. Noex-| nolicense. tion of board of] slaughterhouses not 
' | by inspector. 


About 130. No ....|/Twoslaughterhouses;|By householder ....|No contract for re-|None. 


no license. Under moval, 
careful inspection. 
vet secevcesecese. {NO slaughterhouses|Partly by town and|............ ......./None. 
within the town. partly by contract. 
None within the|None .............. By householder ....|Very few dry earth|None. 
municipality. earth closets. 
No inspection ...... Two slaughterhouses;|By householder ....|Drained to river and|None. 


lake ; no dry earth 
closets ; nocontract 


removal, 
None in town ...... ln OMG Seteteiecs a efarsieia’s By householder ....|Dry earth closets and|None. 
vaults. By house- 
holder. 
SU COWRe « ot-ols valet Seven slanghter-|In majority of cases|A few dry earth|None except slaugh- 
houses, premises are large| closets. terhouses, which 
enough to admit of are licensed. 
its being buried, 
LOO GOWSiis ness ts: .|Twoslaughterhouses.|By contract ........ Dry earth system ;|/None, 


| contract’ removal. 
ENDVIG geieiete taht cor a's aye 2 slaughterhouses ..|By householder ... | Rares Mein tee oeee-| None, 
| 
aise Pera ree ah gs ee me na UN Se eS eee 


163 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOWNS.—Concluded. 


Names of M. H.O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


Municipality sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
VV MIG Y itera s see ees D. P. Bagart, M.D ...|House to house inspection...|Diphtheria, 5 cases ......... 
Walkerville .......... C. W. Hoare, M.D. ;|House to house inspection by|Scarlatina, 7 cases; diph- 
A.B. Griffith, sanitary} sanitary inspector. theria, 2 cases. 
inspector, 
‘Wingham ... ehh s 4077 Rew Svihine eye's Cs Citans atieieiare House to house inspection. ..| Number of cases of typhoid ; 
one case of scarlatina. 
“Woodstock ......... .| A. McLay, M.D...... General inspection. Caety Diphtheria, some cases; 
literature sent out to each| scarlatina, some cases. 
house. 
‘Walkerton .......... G. J. Dickeson, M.D.;Sanitary inspector made| Diphtheria, 18 cases; 1 death. 
G. H. McKay, sanitary| house to house inspection. 


inspector. 


164 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 35), A, 1896 


TOW NS.—Conceluded. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 


ous diseases. 
State methods and 
whether any isola- 
tion hospital. 


eoeeeosteeree 88 C4 Beee 


No; number of chil-| Under supervision of/5. 


number of rooms,} space to each pupil. 
and attendance in 
each, 


compulsory? State} tagious diseases. 
school children inj Give details and 
municipality. How} how carried out. 
Many vaccinated 

in 1895. 


Collegiate insti-|Collegiate Institute 

tute, 4 rooms, at-| 397 feet; Dufferin 
tendance as fol-| St.362; Henry St. 
lows: 30, 29, 32, 279; Model 297; 
25; Henry St.| Separate 274. 
school, 4 rooms, 
attendance 53, 52, 
33,27; Model 
School, 4 rooms, 
56, 35,28; Duffer- 
in St. school, 2 
rooms, 28, 35; 
Separate school, 1, 
attendance 39, 


dren, 853; none| medical attendant. 


reported. 


House placarded and|Compulsory as far as;|Fumigation by sul-|One school, 5 rooms ;/400 cubic feet ...... 


inmates quaran-}| school children are 
tined. o isola-| concerned, 184. 
tion hospital. All have been vac- 

cinated before 1895. 


reece. Beee et eoareeeee 


No isolation hospital.|No; number of chil-/-Under control of 


dren 947. 


phur; all apertures 
are closed and pow- 
der allowed to burn 
for 8 hours; 3 lbs. 
to 1,000 cubic feet. 


sanitary inspector, 


attendance in each 
34, 27, 26, 27, 43. 


eeesreeereereeceseeeseere}|seeee te sebeeoeeeoee20 


3 schools ; 1 public,|High school 375, pub- 
1 separate, 1 high.| lic school 194, sep- 
arate school 196. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNS.—Concluded. 


Forms for notification)Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
Manicipalit by teachers and M.| stitutions State their; are used give character of 
sorte H. ©. of contagious} character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both! of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
WEED OY fo cis saci? da 9 98. 0 V0 EL, SO) ser, ete 1 laundry, 8; 1 tannery, 45 ;|Wells; clay loam, clay and 
1 harness hardware, 30; 1} hardpan. 
fruit evaporator, 75, 
Walkerville .......... INO, cia hae ha es steed mee Eleven factories and manu-|Waterworks; no wells used. 
facturing companies, com- 
prising brewery, distillery, 
foundry, planing mill, bas- 
ket factory, wire fence 
works, cooper shop, black- 
smith shop, Globe furniture 
works, malleable iron 
works, engine works; 60, 
50, 20, 25, 40, 10, 15, 5, 60, 
40 to 100, 25, respectively. 
Wingham .......... 5 |e eiase ctulgre a ic iauloratice -mlete ateten onietedscetome Ritharar eine ometn olor etane etek eee terete ae nee brats Bde cvienesdvaeeaeee 
NVOUCGRUOOIE 1.0.0 os on £5 [Areca eee etd Sat E Te eleato MER cme eee ranean One hundred new water ser- 
vices put in during the year. 
Walkerton» 2.00... .% SY. BS MOOR Fdsc am Poi seu ts carn hee ne a eta rset ce tenn eens Waterworks, springs and 


wells. 


166 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}, 


TOWNS.—Concluded. 


No. of dairy cows, |Slaughterhouses, 


Disposal of garbage|/Sewage. 
Is there medical or ive number li- 


and night soil, 


A. 1895 


How dis-|State number and 
posed of, whether 


kind of noxious 


veterinary inspec-| censed, How| whether by con-| by dry earth| trades, How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how] tract or only by| closetf. If so, is} sed and regulated. 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval ? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis. 
None ..... Pireaeet 3; offal spread over|By householder ....|Nosystem.......... None 
land as a fertilizer. 
Notiany,.~ 3.5.0.3 INOGARY. sarees. Board of works col-|Sewers empty into}Nobt any. 
lects garbage! Detroit river. 
weekly ;_ all clo- 
sets empty into 
sewers. 
Bee oe ea ede rs wil Aan octets sie tits 4 O goes tETIVY pits 1 Peneral lisa. sess ss ccc. + es NOC ANY 
use. 


eeoer eo eee t te eee eeesel|seF Fes eeaseeeeeeFGeoesl/esoeerseoeene 2 FH eoeoreere}/ ses ees coeoesoeseeed 


eocoeleeoeeree ee eeeseee se 


Over 100; no exam-|3 slaughterhouses...|Night soil removed|Sewers and dry earth|None. 


ination. by contract. closets, 


167 


59 Victoria.. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


VILLAGES. 


Names of M.H.O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


Municipality sanitary inspector, general inspection. 
Ailsa Craig ....... .-|J. A, Anderson, M.D.|Members of local board acted/Typhoid, several cases re- 
as sanitary inspectors, | ported. 
| 
A landale viva le sent « No M. H. O.; Ed.|Inspection aes in thespring|None*., 0.4). .sies aspects eee 
Burns, sanitaey in-| of each year of all back 
spector. yards and closets. 
AIVINStON We. Svc ce ce te A. McKinnon, M.D. ;|House to house inspection...|No contagious diseases...... 
N. Patterson, sani- 
tary inspector. | 
Arthur? .. 0%": Be, aa Dr. Allan; H. Cole,/General inspection.......... Typhoid, 9 cases......... cane 
j sanitary inspector. 
ISTIC UCONN Wines fs eros co ae N3 BSH Dean; MED Bere eaice: den ae ae ee Diphtheria, 2 cases.......... 
S. W. Donaghy, 
sanitary inspector. 
IDGILON ea eee ins ins oes D. Bonner, M.D. ; S.|Visiting three times a year..|Diphtheria, 2 cases . ...... : 
A. Malford, sani- 
tary inspector. 
Brussele vy est pec ects J. A. MeN ioe M. |Inspector visits premises and|'Typhoid, 7 cases ; 1 death . 
D.; John Wrigbt,| sees they are cleaned. 
sanitary inspector. 
CBE NAT( ts la as, Camp mare C. Sheppard, M.]). ;|Inspector did not act........ Typhoid, 1 case ...:.,.....- 
Jas. Whitten, sani- 
| tary inspector. 
IBellegnaiver one em. oa0 kip Cy Richardson;> Mae ea nats acute chicos oe eee INONG ES. ee. ik he-3Yee nee 
; T. Sauve, sani- 
| tary inspeetor. 
WSOOUON, etek ve ee eons Dr. Law, M. H. O. ;|General inspection in May. |e 3 cases ; 1 death. 
John Livingston, 
sanitary inspector. 
Beaverton ........... A Grant, M.D.;Wm.}House to house inspection|Scarlatina, 7 cases: typhoid. 
Bain, sanitary in-| twice a year. 1 case. 
spector. 
GHIPPAWS shoe ices oa ces MiCo- Dewar, (MiD ast |a iene siesta 6 cereale pcan Typhoid, ‘Licase .o... evens 


—_ 


168 


— 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). « A, 1896 


— 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been] Disinfection of con-/Number of schools,;} Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State) tagious diseases.| number of rooms,'space to each pupil. 
State methods and] school children in} Give details and] and attendance in 


whether any isola-|_ municipality. How| How carried out. each, 
tion hospital. ! many vaccinated | 
| in 1895. 
NONGMet doa dee cece Ae Su NOMO.s asic seen NOMI Outi e lareraise bcs One; 3; 43, 41,70. |180 feet ............ 
IN eateries Ai irete oc vas tats Not this year, but it| Nocontagiousdisease|One school ; 3 rooms ;}210 feet ............ 
has been in former] this year. average attend- 
years ; 242 in muni- ance, 55, 49. 57. 
cipality ; 25 vac- 
cinated. 
i Mie BP a ela: Be INO a D0Ut-2O0 BCDOON fs ceidtss cosets Cis once | Lk WOMBCHOOIB Is cere. o baccls pipe, Soe 
children. 
Noweolation? wiv: te NOMI stn ret | hi See Pe ne aR Two schools scan. -fercssee tt no ee 
CRONE ie apron Bp Bap ae INGRUR eaves a arouile ln Harncen atiatyeth tet bic. ove | A WONESCHOOIS 8; Ft Ape oo tii gee ee een 


rooms ; 1, 2 rooms. 


Patientskeptisolated|No ................ The sick room disin-|One school ; 4rooms;|About 270.......... 
from other mem- fected as much as} average attend-! 
bers of the family. possible. ance in each, 40, 
Greatest care taken|No ; 287; can’t say. cieulnete burying‘ One: 6:rooms.4. 5 lo es as eee ‘ 
to disinfect the] . of discharges and 
premises. use of disinfectants | 
No hospital ; patient}/All school children|Typhoid excreta dis-|One; 2 rooms; 45,|220 cubic feet ..... 
and nurse excluded| vaccinated in 1894;} infected, bedding, |44. 
from outside inter-| none in 1895. etc., boiled or burn- 
course, ed. 
Be NN aoa Ae al cle a Children were allj..................../One; 3 rooms; 53/226 cubic feet .....: 
vaccinated in 1894. children in each, 
. ° | 
No hospital; houses|Not compulsory ....: Thorough  disinfec-|One school ; 3 rooms. |350 cubic feet ...... 
fumigated. tion. 
None; no hospital..|Not compulsory ....|Usual methods ..... One school ; 3 rooms. 1400 cubic feet .....: 
| 
Isolated in dwelling| Yes ; between 90 and|Boiling and burning/One school ; 2 shee cubic feet ...... 
house ; houses are} 100; none. when deemed attendance, 50 and 
placarded ; no iso- necessary ; disin-| 54 respectively. 
lation hospital. fection with  sul- 
hur fumes, wash- 
ing with bichloride 
soda, etc. 


169 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Forms for notification'Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 


by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their; are used give character of 


Municipality. H. O. of contagious! character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
MINY E : ay) at 
AdisaOralg i..¢. 0c. ee None; no} no........ Flax mill, 20 hands; apple| Wells; gravelly soil; gravel 
factory ; sawmill, 10 hands;| sub-soil. 
flour mill, 4 hands. 
‘Allandale’ fs. 2228 fa8s% Teachers not supplied.|None ....... aR Ae te ie iis: Mostly sand...... Ck) Agee ae 
Alvinston ........... Forms supplied...... .|Three factories ............-. Wells ; sandy loam and clay 
| sub-soil. 
PATENUL fete os oo ic woee| YES Ce eee e Two factories .........,.... IWells! <>: 50. Sis ae 
Brighton). cheese eee INO) sortie chiraeee None-?F ea ccecee bfeek cles eek Wells; principally sandy 
loam, 
BSOLGONAS SD. ios soe es doe Teachers not supplied ;|One woollen mill, 20 1 plan-;Top soil, clay loam ; sub-soil, 
M. H. O. on applica-| ing mill, 3; 2 foundaries,| gravel. 
tion to village clerk.} 12; 1 carriage factory, 2; 
1 cooperage, 4; 1 pottery, 
2; 1 flour mill, 6. 
ETUSGCIS facts ch che oers Yes yest o. 8205, 654 Two planing mills, 1 foundry,|Wells; clay and limestone 
flax mill, 2 flour mills,; rock. 
1 salt factory, 1 woollen 
mill, 1 sawmill. | 
Bayfield....... heats None supplied........ Wone ers soaker eee tic 3 sandy loam .).../... 
Bello RIvOr); cacse ivi ct X.Gb ewes cis ceeceu sewers Non +54 y's a. 5'4 dhs Se ae ee Black muck and clay ....... 
Beeton ..... Ape) SORE Le No forms '2232.4 ..-../One factory, 25 employees..., Waterworks and wells. .... 
Beaverton............ ING? Bat a Oe ces Six factories and mills ...... Wells; clay loam, with clay 
sub-soil and gravel. 
| 
Chippawa'............ Vest 22s: ..../One sash and door factory, 3}Wells; clay sub-soil ........ 


hands. 


170 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). 


VILLAGES.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State 


Is there medical or| Give number li-| and night soil,} posed of, whether| kind 


A. 1896 


number and 
of noxious 


veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| by dry _earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how] tract or only by] closets. If so, is| sed and regulated ? 


of any examination| disposed of. householder. there contract re-| . (See sec. 63 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval. Health Act.) 
culosis. 


About 20; no; no..|None; 2 outside of|By contract in spring]Conveyed to lands| None. 


village ; nosystem| of each year. outside of village 
of drainage ; offal by contract. | 
fed to hogs. ‘ 
Sixty ; yes; none ..|None ..........006. Householder........} Householder ...... None. 
INGCOWS Os oo faa 2s ele One slaughterhouse.|By householder ....|Dry earth closets ...|None. 
Two dairies ; no in-|None .............. Householder ...... A few dry earth|None. 
spection. closets. 


Seventy-five to 100/Two: none licensed.|Householders 
on farms chiefly ;| 
no inspection ; no 
examination. 


Four dairy cows ; no|Twoslaughterhouses. | Used for agricultural|No dry earth closets.| None. 
medical or veterin- purposes. 
ary inspection. | 


dwelling. 


None; parties gen-|None; 2 about half/Taken to dumping|No sewers; closets|None. 
erally keep 2 or 3| mile from village. | ground outside of! and dry earth pits, 
cows ; no; none. village by house- 

holder. 

No regular dairy nor|None ............. Burned by _ house-|No sewage system ..|None, 
inspection. holder. | 

Resa tt, cK A.» 9.4.0 .-|No licensed slaugter-|By householder ecient None. 

houses except one, 
it being a good 
distance from any | 


Sixty cows; no in-|One_ slaughterhouse|By householder ....|No sewage system ..|None, 
spection. not licensed. 


INOICOWS aes ch cess cc} NOMC Onieseaae tees Householder........ Dry earth closets ...|None. 
INOGHOM ts vesicle 5 ss None inside of cor-|By householder ....|By drains .......... None. 
poration. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Municipality. Names of M.H.O, and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
| 
! 
Creemore .... .sceeeee A. 8. Kirkland, M.D..|House to house inspection by|Diphtheria, 2 cases......... 2 
bs ! sanitary inspector. 
Gardinals; sy'n, cee Duncan Gow, M.W.;|General house to house inspec-|/Typhoid, 4 cases........... x 
Wm. Blakely, sani-| tion takes place once a year, 
tary inspector. 
Colborne ........ yoke be Thorburn, M.D.,|Frequent, and when com-|None ...... 0 8s oy eee is 
W. H. Smith, sani-| plaints are made, ae 
tary inspector. 
Gasselman’. 5 0 ll. cat No M.H.O.; G. Pierre,|Inspection made at different|None .,.... de oe wie Weaie aa 
sanitary inspector. times during the year. 
Sega, F ; | 
Cannington .......... Dr. Gillespie, M.H.O.;|General inspection twice a|Scarlatina, 1 case; typhoid, 
Charles Arnott, sani-| year. 5 cases, 
tary inspector. 
Chesleyy. src sates Seeks Dr. Cooke, M.H.O. ;|...... aertetate Fekete ay os Scarlatina, 20 cases ........ : 
R. J. Follis, sani- 
tary inspector. 
MOLILLOLO\ bse e va erte cies Dr. Crandall, M.H.O.;|Inspection made twice a year.|Scarlatina, 8 cases, 2 deaths ; 
Torrance, sani-| Diphtheria, a few cases. 
tary inspector. | 
PUIG SLC Bee ete Lal cists [James MeWilliams,|House to house inspection,|Scarlet fever, 4 cases ; 2 diph- 
M.D. and with few exceptions| theria. During the summer 
everything was found in a] months an unusually large 
sanitary condition. number of cases of typhus, 
malaria fever existed. 
GYRE NS ech Cs os dats —— Park, M.D. ; ——/|General inspection twice a|Scarlatina, 4 cases, 1 death; 
McDonald, M.D.,! year by sanitary inspector.| diphtheria, 1 ; 1 death. 
sanitary inspector. 
DUNN VIUG veo Fos ele lek N. Hopkins, M.D. ;|House to house inspection in|Scarlatina, 2; diphtheria, 4 ; 
M. A. Stearns, sani-| the spring. typhoid, 2, 
tary inspector. | 
| 
Delhi... +? Bares eects | R. B. Wells, M.D....|Limits of village .......... Scarlatina, 14 cases ; 1 death. 


172 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Xsolation of contagi-|Has'vaccination been| Disinfection of con-|Number of schools, Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.| number of rooms,|space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in| Give details and} and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How} how carried out, each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895. | 
Patients kept isolat-|No ; about 200; quite}Disinfected under|One; 4 rooms; at-|...... Pe pats Se ae 
ed in room 40 days.| a number vaccin-| supervision of M.| tendance, 170, 
ated. H.O. 
No isolation hospital;|No ; 273; no vaccin-|No contagious dis-|One; 4 rooms; at-|169 cubic feet ...... 
sulphur used to/ ation. eases, save as un-| tendance, 56, 60, 
disinfect house and der 4. 59, 98. 


contents; stools 
disinfected by| 
chloride of lime. | 


Houzes placarded ;|;No; 250; none/Always under the Highschool, 2rooms;|200 cubic feet....... 
no hospital. specially. direction of M.| No. 1, 40; 2, 25; 
D.S. public school, 4 
rooms, 50, 40, 45, 
50 respectively. 


IN ONG Aten acide ke Not compulsory ....|None ...........6. Two; average at-|...... eater hel aeceh Jae 
tendance, 35, 75 
each, 
‘No isolation ........ INOfiCOMDITIBOKYT.q nc inte eo eins Got ee ce ..o/Ewo schools; 5 FOE Se AL LN Ee ike waee 
rooms, 
Usual methods .....;Not compulsory .... Evoceeg Wee ete tig.S. Con era Six schools ......... 200 cubic feet ...... 
EN OOS DI tal Gc, ooh csegl cree he eucsch Matters s Left to physicians .. MAE BOHOOl cares eo leenee ae ee eee 
Isolation, .disinfec-|No ...........0000 Houses thoroughly;)One; 3; about anj280 ................ 
tion and placard- scrubbed and car-| average of 40, 
ing the houses. bolic acid used 
freely. 
Placarding houses ..|No ...... Seats eee Usual! methods of|One school ; 6'rooms;|250 ............000- 
: disinfection. average attend- 
ance, 50, 
Home -isolation; no|No .........0..006. Under control of{One high schoo UN. o. 1, 590; No. 2, 
hospital. medical men in| public school; 7! 206; No. 3, 151; 
charge. rooms ; attendance; No. 4, 186; No. 5, 
in each as follows:! 128; No. 6, 144; 
27, 33, 49, 50, ,58,| No. 7, 117. 
55, 68. 
Room upstairs where|No ; about 200; none| Feeding utensils dis-|One ; 3 rooms; 50 in!.............. eee 
all carpets and fur-: infected by boil-|each. 
niture not required | ing. water and car- 
removed; sheet bolic solution ; 


ing over the duvor ; chloride of lime, 
all but nurse ex- etc. 
cluded from room. 


saturated with can a | clothing by boil- 
bolic solution be- | ing water and 


\ 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No.. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Municipality, Forms for notification}Number of factories and Ses supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their] are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious} character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 


diseases. Are both] of employees in each. | 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? | 
| 
Creemoren 2..cecenis ak Nes Uae tM Sy'ete Patel Two. factories, 1 plainingiGravel ../.5 ¢s.sesesasteve 


mill, 1 woollen factory, 5 
; hands each. 


Cardinals x)css8c08c ss Nosiniee Nie Sache Edwardsburgh starch fac-|Sandy loam with clay sub- 
tory, 100 hands; stave and] _ soil. 
barrel factory, 14 hands. 


Colborne ..........+.|None used ; verbal no-|None ..........5.-...3..+-4. Wells; clay; gravel 


pes meas 
CasBeLMAN » oso cesses Nonmernntee os 2d eee One farming implemen t|River and wells ; loamy soil. 


establishment, 4 hands; 2 
sawmills, 30 hands, 


Cannington .......... Vier bt aay ae ans ae One woollen mill, 25 to 30/Wells; principally clay..... 
employees. | 

Chesley ies.ciac oi. Us | XjCSie ose ah Peitie saasa se aie Ten or 12 factories and mills.|Wells; clay................ 

CGHITOPG tse const coer MGS sie. haves aa $eoeses| Nine factories and mills ...|Wells .i.J.s0ccc. eye eeea nee 

PIMC ALI cele kk ee ee |< RAISE Cade Wom NEE Cheese factory ; woollen mill.|All by wells................ 

APUPMAMI cide oo-n'ea ig a as No formsidse ewes No- factories... aa.¢..- teks Wells's ‘gravels.¢..2eeeen 

Dunnvilleys..). 6%. | MBBS GVOB VE ciidiele's -....|/Two sash factories, 14; 1|Water supplied to any per- 


foundry,4 ; 1 machine shop,; sons desirmg such, but 
8; 1 woollen mill, 20; 1) wells are chiefly used’; soil, 
sawmill, 8; 4 flour mills,) loam; sub-soil, clay. 


14, | 
Delhitiins.s. cease --.-|Not necessity ......../One ‘canning factory, 125|/Sandy loam ............. ee 
hands; 1 tannery, 6 hands; 


glove factory, 8 hands ; 
saw and grist mill, 12 
hands 5 grist mill, 2 ad 


174 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35’. A. 1896 


VILLAGES.—Continued 


| 


No. of dairy cows. 


Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-! and night soil,} posed of, whether} kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| by dry earthi trades. How licen- 


tion? Give ra drained and how! tract or only by| closets. If so, is| sed and regulated? 


of any examination| disposed of. householder. there contract re-| (See sec 63 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval, Health Act.) 
culosis. 
IN ODO GOs. cafe ce Sees s One ; no __ license ; beaeeeneldes “digg No sewage system ; eee 
offal fed to pigs. some dry earth 
| closets. 
About 30; no in-|No slaughterhouses.|Householder........ Dry earth closets ...|None. 
spector. | 
| | 
INON Gs. estar rt he NonGesee ics a. boar, By householder ....|No sewage system. .|None. 
| 
Uk anaes pe ie Two not licensed ;|By householder ....|Dry earth closets ;|None. 
offal burnt. no contract. 
IN ONES ee Sites iets woe ottalay carted by-Ccontrach)..ers)s clss06 Sherer esi Ra aie 2 None. 
away 
Tween ty0OWB sO) IN-|'Apenv se <istede cis coisa os By househelder ....|Privy pits......... |None. 
spector, 
rattctatarat aig Sofoln stele Yes One slaughterhouse.|By householder ....|....---e+eeeee++0+.| NONE. 
Sixty-five; no....., None inside corpora-|Burried and put OR wrekieti y eens Cheese factory in a 
, tion, land by house- very unsanitary 
holder, condition said to 
have caused ma- 
lerial fever. 
110idairy.; cows +; n0| None incorporation. |By householder: , .): 3}. 0d./5 4. cic clas eae eclole ceils veo colaustere ce 
medical or veterin-| 
ary inspection, 
Sixty ; no; none,..|None in village,....|Householders .,....! Honseholders; under None. 
| direction of Board 
| | of Health. | 
None®;.... ie ef OMO A. 2 Pees By householder ....|No sewage system..|None. 
ca. Ok ala. a ee 
175 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.—Continued. 


Names of M.H.O. and State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. | 

Ira V CONG case's soc c's 5 o's R. Lucy, M.D.; D.j/Personal inspection once a/Typhoid, 17 cases .......... 
Roberts, sanitary in-| year. 
spector. | 

Exeter ...... ceeeceeee{L. A. Amos, M.D. ;| Yearly inspection from house|Typhoid, 5 cases...... ... oe 
James Creech, sani-| to house, 
tary inspector. 

Eganville ...........-|H. Irwin, M.D.; J.|Inspection made twice a year|Scarlatina, 4 cases; diph- 
C. Pilatzke, sanitary theria, 3 cases. 
inspector. 

BE ITOLO ares tic eteole ores J. Ross, M.D.; G. C.'General inspection made once}No contagious diseases during 
McKay, sanitary in-| a year. the year. 
spector. | 

BUTTS tty paciea ees satel H. Ullyot, M.D, ; General inspection in May|No contagious diseases...... 
Henry Heipel, sani-| and September. 
tary inspector. 

Barca Be 

PUAN) Nate ee Pcrghels ete ous H. Greer, M.D.; J.|Sanitary inspector makes an|No contagious diseases...... 
Felker, sanitary in-| inspection twice a year, 
spector. 

Hagersville. ..... ....|Robert McDonald,|By Board of Health; 2 in-|Scarlatina, 2 cases; typhoid, 
M.D., and sanitary! spections. 8 cases, 
inspector. 


Holland Landing.....|Dr. Stephenson, M.H.|No general inspection ...... Diphtheria, 5 cases ; typhoid, 
O. 3 cases. 

Hintonburg ........ ..|Dr. Troy, M. H. O. ;/Thorough inspection during/Scarlatina, 11 cases, 3 deaths ; 
Thomas Lewis, sani-| May. | diphtheria, 43 cases, 3 
tary inspector. deaths. 

Huntsville ........... F, L. Howland, M.D. ;|House to house inspection ...|Scarlatina, 12 cases ; diph- 
J. W. Gledhill. sani- theria, 2 cases; typhoid, 4 
tary inspector. cases. 

Newburgh............|M. J. Berman, M.D. ;|Inspector instructed to make| No contagious diseases, a few 
J. M. Taylor, sani. personal visits to all resi-| cases of malaria. 
tary inspector. dences. 

| | 

NOrwich ss. s64e0o08 <> E. W, Glover, sanitary |House to house inspection .,|Typhoid, 22 cases, 3 deaths.. 

inspector. 


= = as 6 ue i — > 


176. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}. A, 1896 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con- Number of schools,]Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.| number of rooms,|space to each pupil. 
State methods and} school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How| how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated ‘ 
in 1895, 
No hospital .,..... INGE arr eee Usual methods One school ........ 210 cubic feet .... 
4.4 RN Leveessceoeees( NO; general in 1894,|...............+--..|One school ; 7 roo;ms|270 cubic feet ..... 
attendance, 46 in 
each room. 
No hospital ........ No vaccination;|Carried out under|Two schools........ About 190 cubic feet. 


school children, 223 giroeuon of M, H. 


No hospital ; usual|General vaccination|Usual methods ..... Onewthoolah.).3,c.+ [sss cae hee eartee 


40. High school, 3 
rooms, average 
attendance 30. 


methods, in 1894. 
No hospital ........ INOS Bs LO, Rakes set eRe ee sa are einige ciel One school ; 5 rooms.|2474 cubic feet...... 
No hospital ........ Mies ee itrendsewen’s Caen Ghats Maa ee wane ae ae 'One school ; 3 rooms.}.......e.eececeece. ; 
Houses placarded|Yes; about 230; 20 By fumigation...... One public school, 4/|Cannot say......... 

soon as Gisease is| vaccinated. | rooms, average at- 

discovered. tendance in each 


Isolated at their own| Vaccination has not|.............e.000. Twoischoolstceiccs (Shik SER ISHAD EIS ep 
house. been compulsory. fips | 
County contagious No................. Under supervision of/One public school, 1]...... care aiteieste eee 
disease hospital,| Mato? separate school. 
Ottawa. | 
| ° 
Small isolation hospi-|No................- | Usual methods ... .!One school ...... Us | atbss sa Mas Rabe 
tal. \ | 
| 
2a nee aOR No; none ay WiGeo nok Shag hice ee Rt IZOD ANS DUDUCAIN os conc cee ee 


| 

i one building, 3 

| rooms in each. 
High school, 80 in 
3 rooms; public,;| 
30 in each room. 


No hospital; usual] Vaccination notcom-)|Disinfection under/One school, atten-|200 cubic feet ....... 
methods, pulsory; school} supervision § of] dance 200. 
children, 223; none; Board of Health. 
vaccinated. 


T2 H. 177 


7. ‘ %. \ <a 
Pont 
A 
F 4 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


SS 


VILLAGES.—Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their; are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious} character and the number) soil and sub-soil. 
Municipality. diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
‘ supplied? Do both | 
make use of them ? 


TK GEGN MG scibinte vie steltcsretes Nowa rns eee ae Two planing mills, 8 hands ; Spring wells; blue clay and 
1 woollen mill, 4 hands; 1] gravel. 
foundry, 5 hands; 1 flax 
mill, 20 hands; 1 carriage 
shop, 4 hands; 1 carriage 
shop, 3 hands; 1 grist mill, 
6 hands; 1 saw mill, 4 
hands ; 1 tannery, 4 hands. 


Hganville:.. 2.2 cess VOB Soy ick eth dette Latenm tae Ment Rene o Alen ots eeies tae Wells and river ; soil, sandy 
loam. 
MTA DLO? pote seis iece oso ae: Yes; both are sup-|One flax mill, 30 employees..|Wells........-...--...+-+- 
plied 
TID Ny vegans Bs seserars WESs salen eiteite ....{Cabinet factory,. 10 em-|Wells. soil, clay-loam ; sub- 


ployees; woollen factory.| soil, gravel. 
10 employees; felt boot, 

factory, 14 employees; 

foundry, 12 employees. 


yt bach ae aera WV GB os earn satbee Cre ecolce a aro Giaceceliget tevevohe = aioe le Manoa EAN ao rast. Wells 2's ssuicd 20) np senate 
Hagersville .......... Ves 3 Wes iirc. aA Gos ae and door factory, 4)Wells; gravel and clay loam. 
ands, . 
Holland Landing..... fe Bee ae pees ners & hes Nonietin Piscoaguete + ay efeaveree Wells ; good supply of water. 
HAINTONDUIE hee a6 ores sii Noe a Ae eee INO OME tee aioe eles ots Wellsist. 2. sos 2 Jat saareeeetas 
PLUINGAVALLeiele «oe ew eek INOo eae he see e eos ..{One woollen mill, 6 hands ;. 1) Wells: .:. 0... sess. ose eee owes 


tannery, 75 hands. 


ING WOULD vy eve le nein: hisses erie telecine ...»-./One carriage shop, 14 hands ;}Wells and springs of good 
1 foundry, 7hands; 1{ qua'ity. 
tannery, 4 hands. | 


INOrwich-. ae scens seen Forms supplied tolFlour mill, 4 hands ; machine| Wells Sb -oiele Sie ‘edhe etsy auelaiete a Fa Bes 
physicians. shop, 3 hands; cider fac- 
tory, 5 to 20 hands; broom 
factory, 10 hands; cooper- 
age, 2 hands. 


59 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.—Continied. 


No. of dairy cows./Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or| Give number li-| and night soil,; posed of, whether| kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| by dry earth] trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how| tract or only by] closets. If so, is| sed and regulated? 
of any examination} disposed of, householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
of herds for tuber- ; moval. Health Act.) 
culosis. 

Thirty-seven dairy|None .............. Householder .... |No regular system ..|No. 
cows; no inspec- | 
tion. bs 

NODC gaia el ee eS avsie None in village ....|By householder ....;A few dry  earth|None. 

closets. 
Peers tc bea s None in village ....|By householder ....|............0++++56+)None, 


About 50 cows ; no/Two ; licensed ; offal By householder ....|Dry earth closets ...|None. 
inspection. | fed to pigs. 


offal fed to pigs. closets; chiefly 


privy pits. 


sick eee eA ae \One slaughterhouse.|By householder ....].........eecee+e++++| NONE. 
| 
le ee A DW See ee evans ile | bo ¥e DOUSCHOLGOI) so) bates team aeute cee’, ce NONE 
| 
Fourteen ; no inspec-/Two; outside of/Carried outside of|Dry earth closets ...|None. 
tion, municipality ; none} limits and burned. 
licensed. 
Sixty cows; no in-|None .............. By householder..... Dry earth closets ...|None. 
spection. 
No inspection ...... INONG gis cuiks adatre ta) By contract ........ Night soil removed] None. 
by contract. 
No inspection; about|None in municipa-|By householder..... Partly dry earth|None. 
80 cows. lity. closets. 
MET CAE wales on Ss see One about 40 rods|By householder.....|All kinds of closets|None. 
from any building. cleaned by house- 
holder. 
Fifteen cows....... .{One slaughterhouse im householder..... Q few dry earth|None. 


179 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


VILLAGES.—Continued. 


Names of M.H.O. and/|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
Newcastle............ A. Farncomb, M.D...|General ‘inspection once a|Typhoid, 4 casés............ 
year. 

Paisley sre, cas nae ote John McMahon, sani-|Go over the place personally.|Typhoid, one case .......... 
tary inspector. 

Portsmouth ...... ....|R. J. Darrogh, M.D. ;|House to house inspection by|None ........-........+6- 
F. MclIlwain, sani. sanitary inspector. 
tary inspector. 

| ; 
Port Dalhousie....... J. W. Considine, M.D.)Two or three times yearly. ..|Diphtheria, 8 cases ; typhoid, 
1 case. 

PortiPerry .... 6 . .... |G. H. Clemens, M.D. ;|House to house inspection...|Diphtheria, 5 cases, 1 death ; 
Robert McKnight, typhoid, 15 cases. 
sanitary inspector. 

Port Stanley ......... L. I. Mothersell, M.D. setae to house inspection...|None ..... cals dota eee 
Jas. Payne, sanitary 
inspector. 

MOVE OMIGING. cat 6s i) 0c Henry Becker, M.D. ;'House to house inspection by|..... ....+.+202 ee peeeene 
George Henry, sani- : inspector. 
tary inspector. | 

Point Edward...... -|A. N. Hayes, M.D.; General inspection.......... |Diphtheria, 8 cases ; typhoid, 
Angus McKinnon. | 22 cases. 

SOU VIS. cee ck cee J. A. Freel, M.D. ; House to house inspection ..|Typhoid, 10 cases .......... 
Samuel Mighton, | 
sanitary inspector. 

Suttoner io. sk mace cee T. B. Bentley, M.D. ; General inspection made of Diphtheria, 24 cases, 2 deaths. 
E. F. Earl, sanitary yards, lanes, privies, etc. 
inspector. 

Springtield <.... "a4 + A. F Tufford, M.D ;'Sanitary inspector makes Typhoid, 2 cases............ 
Wm. Rivere, sani- thorough inspection. 
tary inspector. 

POITIUN GS. oh ok ae Oates ee J. S. Sprague, M.D. detect INSBPOCEION: «fs saree [sia saeiad © eles ere wi eer 
S. Brown, Sanitary 
inspector. 

Streetsville ......... J. H. Davidson, sani-'House to ho us e inspection) Diphtheria, 6 cases ........ 
tary inspector. twice a year. 


180 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.| number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in| Give details and! and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How| how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated in 
| 1895 ? 
eer aGia Cave, v crale's ola « wok ots ..sseeee.-. |Usual methods ...../One school .........|Well ventilated .... 
Placard and isolate|No; not many..... ‘Smoke with sulphur.|One school, 6 rooms;}..........-seeeseeee 
the houses. about 60. 
Not required ....... Not enforced this'No special means ...|/Three; 32; 42; 32/311 cubic feet ...... 
year. 106, 
IN ONG). 1,4- att pMiates NOney Sania oe Einiersthe attensing lose. eral ce eek ee Won pean ene evs 
physicians’ direc- 
tions, 
Separate rooms in|No; 418; no vaccina-;Ordinary means of|Two buildings; pub-|....... ......eeceee 
upper story if pos-} tion. disinfection em-| lic school average 
sible; no isolation ployed. attendance, 268; 
hospital. | i high school aver- 
age attendance, 
| ate 
INR i tI cei, 0; 200; 10 vac- None required...... One school, 2 rooms 549 cubic feet....... 
cinated. | 55 and 60. 
BBO AtAD EAL 0, NY Ol. 2 wae VA oate csr lee Lone) Ne tie aca Daiein'el: Paw aceon eee ite oe To 0s oa Ce oS 
only. 
No hospital... 3.22) No vaccination ..... Wieaadinietnods snc. fe tee itm a cece atah Ol oe) eciectew, can ehepelaiete seats 


Under care of the No; 265; none .... 
members of family.| 


Carbolic acid and|jOne; 5 rooms; 50..|More than required 
bi-chloride of lime space. 
and sulphur fumes, 


No isolation hospital;|No ; 246; between Inmates in some|Oneschool ; 3 rooms ;/560 ; 290; 240...... 
patients isolated in} 5 and 21; nonej cases are removed ;| average attendance 
their homes and] vaccinated. houses disinfected ;| 40, 50, and 60. 
houses placarded. | bedding and cloth- 


ing burned; sulphur 
burned, etc. 


No isolation ........ Vaccination compul- No disinfection ....|One school; 3 rooms.!......... ..-.e2ee0 
sory. x 
¢ 
No hospital ........ 190 children ........ Nothing done ...... One public school ;/Public school, 242 
| 1 high school. feet ; high school, 

| 262 feet. 
INOMAOSDIEAI as a.dite 2 178 children ........ Disinfection by,One public school ;|Public school, 2 230 
; means of sulphur} 1 high school. feet ; high school, 

fumes and steam. 610 feet. 


181 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious} character and the number! soil and sub-soil. 
Municipality. diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 


INE WCASLIO Nf ooo Gate Fy deck oe ga tie ay cae Ts asa ey ar arr ebay ol Miele tS feo sunt WV GLISHes a: Sie s ohe sae cet eee 
IPAIBIOY WK secant ae clas cies tear eee .|Two woollen factories: ...... Clay soil; gravel sub-soil.... 
Portsmouth. ¢ seseeee Nostorms en vo ee: 3 ‘One brewery, 5 hands; 1 for-|Wells and lake ... ........ ‘ 


warding Co., 20 hands; 
Kingston Penitentiary, 613 
inmates ; Rockwood hcspi- 


tal, 655. 
Port Dalhousie .:..... Not required ......... Rubber factory, employing|Wells and water from lake .. 
200 hands. 
ort Perry ccs. _..../None supplied this;One foundry, 15 hands; 2}Wells entirely; clay loam; 
year; none used. planing factories and grist} gravel sub-soil. 


mill, 15 hands. 


Port Stanley ......... No forms supplied ....|One saw-mill and handle fac-|Wells; sandy loam and 
tory. gravel, 
Port Hleinvens cs. sah [Noiforms eyes PION a st RT RLA eetie ke Set es ae he See eer done sata viele RE AS gery 
e : | 
Point Edward........ | Forms supplied snes] a ces eee cee eee Wells...... a aie ’etucale ¢ abietete reheat 
SCOUlVILE toe fet sok Printed forms; yes ;/Two planing factories, 1 vine-| Wells; clay.............+-- 
yes. gar factory, 1 foundry, 
about 5 hands in each. 
SUTILCOM ARS tis eh ce See ee Supplied to doctors ;,Three factories, shingle and|Wells; soil sandy sub-soil, 
not always made use| saw mills, 10 hands; plan-| clay and gravel. 
of. ing factories, about 6 hands, | 
Springfield .......... No forms ass tacecdy sl ore cree ae eee | mae oe tee soteie ea bare See 
SITING cas .eeeee.|None supplied........ No factories 7. saaaceceeete Wells; clay loam .......0.. 
Streetsville .......... Forms supplied to phy-|No factories ...... RR th, test | Wells; supply good ........ 
sicians. 


182 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), 


VILLAGES.— Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|/Sewage. How dis-/S tate number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,| posed ‘of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| by dry earth] trades, i 
tion? Give details} drained and how| tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 


ofany examination| disposed of. householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval. Health Act.) 
culosis, 
100 cows; no inspec-|One slaughterhouse.|By householder.....|............000-000% None 
tion, 
IN GTM ik cls waded No  slaughterhouses|By householder..... Some dry earth|None. 
inside corporation. closets. 
Twenty-eight; no..|None .............. By householder.Chiefly pits; no con-| None. 
usually. tract. 
| | 
About 30; no exami-|One ; no license..... By householder..... None; old closets;|None. 
nation, no dry earth. 
None; no 2.023. ee. None ion tes By householder..... Pits and dry earth|None. 


closets; no con- 
tract removal. | 


ENDO. ties 3h moore oh One; drained into|No contract; py Chey pits ; no con-| None. 
Kettle Creek ; offal] householder. tract 
fed to hogs | 
(boiled). 
Twenty-four ; no in-|No slaughterhouses.|By householder..... Number of dry earth| None. 
spection. | closets. | 
| | 
INGHOSS NOS ss. tes. Two; none; no drain-|By householder ....|No regular or proper;None. 
age. sewage. 


141 cows ; no inspec-, Twoslaughterhouses, IBy householder ;'No contract removal.|None. 
tion. great carelessness 
upon part of house- 
holder. 


102; no examination|Two ; well isolated ;}By householder . ae teant by dry earth|None. 
of herds for tuber-| none licensed ; offal! closets. 
culosis, fed to pigs ‘after| 
being boiled. | | 
No cows ; no inspec-|One slaughterhouse. |By householder ....|..............00e00: |None. 
tion, 


10 cows ; no inspec- Marseladehicshonues: No contract removal. Some dry earth clos-|None. 
tion. | offal fed to hogs. ets. 


183 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.— Concluded. 


Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. | general inspection. 
Municipality. 

ECALS Mie eRe te tos ces ot No, M. H. O.; L. G.|House to house inspection...|None reported.............. 
Briggs, sanitary in-| 
spector, 

REWECU Sr Su ace <'s caters eae W. M. Mattron, MD.;|House to house visits by san-|Scarlatina, 18 cases ; typhoid 
Thos. Beatty, sani-| itary inspector. 1 case. 
tary inspector, 

PLOCEWALED a5 cb accsa ae John Gillies, M.D.;|General inspection....... ..|Typhoid, 1 case. ............ 
A. G. Brown, sani- 
tary inspector. 

MNOGLOVC Tat <nceae sees W. A. Munns, M.D. rete toshouseinspection.... 3171s utu. cast ena eee 
J. Robinson, sanitary 
inspector. 

Tilbury Centre ...... M. Sharpe, MoD.eis cs ee a ree hn 1 eat ee 
G Keith, sanitary 
inspector. 

Woodbridge..... .... No M. H. O. ; George Sanitary inspector goes from|None.... .........222 -eeee 
Blake, sanitary in-| house to house. 
spector. 

| ’ : ; ; 
WATLOF (ors 7 teceath R. A. McHenry, M.D.; Personal insp2ction by sani-|Scarlatina, 1 case ; typhoid 
A. Mathews, sani-' tary inspector. 5 cases. 

tary inspector. 

Winchester ..... .... R. Reddick, M.D.; J.|General inspection made|Scarlatina, 6 cases .......... 
M. Erratt, sanitary| twice a year. 
inspector. 

Waterford........... EF. Snider,: M. Dy 3 \WANOonG S205 cen co eee en bole ede es. Gas eee One 
B. Goodwin, sanitary 
inspector. 

Waterdown .......... Dr. McClenahan; John|House to house inspection|Typhoid, 4 cases............ 
Smiley, sanitary in-| once a year. 
spector, 

IW OOd Vill6 Se 3e, tens John Grant, MiD Sccclecii: as See ak yee eee. biden saute os ode eatareet eee 

184 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


VILLAGES.—Concluded. 


Isolation of contagi- 
ous diseases. 
State methods and 


Has vaccination been!Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
compulsory? State] tagious diseases.} number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
school children in| Give details and! and attendance in 


whether any isola-|_ municipality. How| how carried out. |! each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated ; | 
in 1895, 
! ° . ° 
NOie ici ke dale ate Se No; 152; none re-|Only private disin-|One ; 3; about 40 to/Ample ....... Se baa 


ported vaccinated.| fection carried out.| each room, 


No isolation hospital;|Yes ; about 200 vac-|Sulphur fumes, chlor-|Two; senior division, |207 ; 152 ; 146 ; 250 


isolated as well as} cinated. ide of lime, carbolic] average 33; inter-| cubic feet respec- 
possible in private acid, etc. ; wood-| mediate, 43; junior,| tively. 
houses. work washed. 49 ; separate, 30 

Houses. placarded ;'Novaccination......|...++6, sees: sees eeee|L wo schools 


eveerreeoetooseeeseeevesee eee 8 & 


no hospital, 


No hospital™. 3... !About 80 children ;)Disinfection under|......... .ssseeeeee Vea ek Sones ner 
45 children vazci-| the direction of the 
nated. Medical Health 

Officer. 
No hospital ........ | Pee Pee a eeialetacvale tasiad 6 clo ole suse let es elnts One public school ;|390 cubic feet ...... 
1 separate school. 

INOUG fehl cnvree «sees About 140; no vacci-|None ...........++- One school 34100ms 3}. oo. sae ieee ioe 

nation. | average 20 to 85... 


No isolation hospital;,No ; none vaccinated 
isolation in differ-]| this year. 
ent parts of the! 


Burning of sulphur,.|One Public School 5/210 
| 5 rooms; 40 in 
each; 1High 


house sent to Lon- School, 6 rooms. 
don General Hospi- 
tal. 
No isolation hospital.| . ....... Meier es Usual method s|One Public School ..|..... Pe gros cor St 
| adopted in such 
cases. 
No hospital ........ IN Oo le stash di ote antttn Ro colasan ee epee emanie msie Two schools ........|... Se es Ronit 
tgs He BC ey OS Ee RN OO Under charge of|One school, 5 rooms 5|..... .....-cececeee 
physicans. 60 pupils in each 
; room. 
NON cst ees IN Rees, ce be es Se ble Sere REE wre Belin eye iOne:.school; 2 rooms 3/2. <0 de ve a0 sm eet ie “ 
average attendance; 
in each, 115 


185 


©9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 1 
eae ae a 


VILLAGES.— Concluded. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in- Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers und M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub soil, 
Municipality. diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 


: = 


PATA wero eg. Hee Als Noneigino 3’). ahue One foundry, 10 hands; 1/From wells; soil heavy clay. 
woollen factory, 5 hands ; 
lroller mill. 


| 
weed. Flee. ein! None supplied ........ One dynamite factor y, 2 By wells altogether ; gravelly 
hands ; 1 cheese factory, 3! ‘soil with rock bottom, 
hands; 1 grist mill, 5 hands : 
1 sash and blind factory, 6 


; hands. 
Teeswater....... ede te None supplied ........ Two saw mills; 1 tannery; 3| Wells)... ecb) ae 
i hands. 
THEGLOTO Gee Neos oes sisi eig-are:ane'p.e'5 0 bysinie/e.erie atte | blero me Pone GeO RIabe tee ee a Ana D W elle 69 ince eal neces eee 
lilbury Gentre wets (a0 .t pwn. ret .- {One saw mill, 9 hands; 1/Wells; clay loam ... ...... 
handle factory, 25 hands ; 
| 1 saw mill, 6 hands; 1 four 
mill, 5 hands; 1 foundry, 
3 hands. 
Woodbridge...... sys {None used ihc: valine. One woollen mill, 10 hands. ie wells; clay soil ........ 
WR GLOPC bs cai iaren tn Written notice sent...|One sash and door factory, 10|Wells, and small waterworks 
hands; 1 foundry, [5 hands; system. 
| 1 woollen factory, 5 hands. 
Winchester .......:... ViCR ast ee Pe Two-factories 5 sei. dene Wells so. ou: gua ae 
WALEPEORG memecte nc sh wad iit kA ee a | geet notion aieke e'T Ls! ik ee bide ln tage AM an tue etate tame eens : 
Waterdown .......... NOAS7 At Ree Dwo factories Zr) Vee eee | PPA ere swe aloe aac ae vag eee . 
DY DOA VILE. Wo oy oT <2 Lee ewe, ta, tele ewe No factories. otehew peek ke ae SIRE Rope ie icra 


186 


e 


598 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). — A, 1896 


VILLAGES.— Concluded 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|/S tate number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and n ight soil,| posed of, whether} kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed, How; whether by con-| by dry earth] trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how! tract or only by closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 
of any examination| disposed of, householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
of a for tuber- moval, Health Act.) 
culosis. 


—— ~~ | ae 


None; no; none....{None in municipal-|By householder ....|By dry earth closets|None. 
ity. and privy pits un-| 
der supervision of 
sanitary inspector. 


None in municipal-|One; drained into By householder ;. a|By householder ... |None. 


ity. lake ; offal buried.| dumping ground 
provided by cor- 
poration. 
ree asctsbesenacc sd weet Twoslaughterhouses.| By householder ; Ne katewte Meateen yas | OUeS 
privy pits. 
Nothing done in this|None .............. By householderiss.24 02. Sap ste s das Stole ...|/None. 
matter, 
Br Gano vidie eae lINONG. saci. ge householder? ss on\oe notes ec sice co.cc oct | NODC: 
Not any .....% .....|Three; all got per-|By householder ....|Dry earth closets ; no|None. 
mission from coun- contract. 


cil as long as they 
complied with the 
requirements; offal 
drawn away. 


Ten ; noinspection..|None in corporation.|Carted onto far mj|Ordinary drainage by|None. 
Prepon outside| sewers. 


village by men em- 
loyed by house- 
older. 
No inspection ......!None in corporation.|By householder ....|Principally ear th|None. 
closets. 
1 poh Dey NA eet ere [she cots etal, tae tim ealete By; honsenoldervic. 2: | tere secs ceed ee kes os None. 
No inspection ......].... LS PAE NS oS By householder ....|.........2000- cers NON. 
Seite eae aie Cee es ers eiweies TNOUGS 
| 


ise) 
< 
a 
° 
S 
m2 
oO 
(SP 
° 
— 
Qu 
@ 
Le} 


187 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 385). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS. 
Names of M. H. O. and/State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
Municipality. sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Amaranth ............ F, W. Lewis, M.D ...|None considered necessary..|Typhoid, 1 case...........2. 
untold woe. tee, James vickKay EMD shsans teem ea iaren eee Typhoid, 2 cases, 2 deaths .. 
R. A. Carrick, sanitary 
inspector, 

Artemesia ........... JG Hutton Mi Date ee ease Cee a ae _.|Scarlatina, 4 cases, 1 death ; 
diphtheria, 10 cases, 2 
deaths ; typhoid, 1 case. 

| 
PATON eek ora apa Noness seat NORG Ag see ene te eee he ae eee p yrotog hates 
Alnwick...... ne an ae J. ©. Lapp, M.D. ;!Some years house to house|Scarlatina, 2 cases.......... 
James Roberts, sani-| inspection. This year only 
tary inspector. where called upon. 
Algona, South........ James Reeves, M.D. 3|.... ...2..020- see _e+.eee- |Diphtheria, 13 cases, 9 deaths ; 
three sanitary inspect- scarlet fever, 5 cases, 1 
ors, death. 

Atcaster..e3 535 .. vi G. D. Farmer, M.D. ;|House to house in villages, Scarlatina, 16 cases; diph- 

R. O’Hara, sanitary} also dairies, slaughter-| theria, 6 cases; typhoid, 7 
inspector. houses, cow byres, etc. cases. All not reported. 

PATTAN A eh cee fee James Taylor, M.D.;|Personal inspection ........ Scarlatina, 22 cases, 4 deaths ; 

A. Neelands. diphtheria, 5 cases, 1 death. 


Anderdon............|T. J. Park, M.D.; Inspection by health officer. .|Diphtheria, 2 cases, 2 deaths ; 


D. Mongeau, sanitary typhoid, 2 cases, 2 deaths. 
inspector. 
| 
Albemarle ........... — Fisher, M.D.; No general inspection ...... Nonescgiei oy ace eae ee 
J. Canoford, sanitary 


inspector. | 


188 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Disinfection of con-/Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
tagious diseases.) number of rooms,|space to each pupil. 
Give details and] and attendance in 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State 
State methods and] school children in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How} how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895. 

Noisolation hospital.|No ; 702; from 5 to|Not satisfactory, ex-|Twelve, one room in|About 490 feet...... 

Strict isolation of} 16; none reported.| cept in diphtheria.| each. 

families. | 
Nonemsiacrneaes ING Rate he Ae Vek ete tks ee ad hese Bix teert.seL Beye cn. ve | sea wisi Renee Ce eee 
No isolation hospital. seeecereneceee(All refuse burned,|Fourteen schools....|Don’t know ...... 5 


bed clothing and 
wearing clothing 
are washed in car- 
bolic water, houses 


Patients are isolat- 
ed in their homes. 
Notices are attach- 
ed to the door. 

thoroughly fumi- 
gated withsulphur, 
woodwork washed 
with a solution of 
bi-chloride, and 
walls all white - 


washed. 
IN OUG Rin, ec aee ees INGH eerste tt eieeed ore NOU rn Cee ras ae Seven schools, one|............ eescoere 
room in each. 
Woneet ach eee, sos No3:none.......... Stools disinfected Three; 4 rooms;/270 cubic feet......, 
with bi-chloride,| attendance 35, 35 ; 
also clothes and! 2 rooms 65, 
bedding, walls 
washed, rooms 
fumigated with 
sulphur. 
| 
No tsolation hospitals! i247 74.0 ch4 5. oocar. According to rules Fourteen; twelvel............ececeees 
Houses _placarded laid down in! has one, one has 
and patients isolat- | pamphlet No. 1. | three, andone two.| 
edas far as possible. | 
Quarantined in their] Yes ; 964; over 300 |.................... Bile-v'en ‘schools 2)... ..) neon aan 
dwellings. room in one, the 
others one in each. 
Sa Sear a INONG re cnet oye ane cea eta Py ce s.6as | IMO ECROOLS: «6 1. @h:: Alesina ase ee 
; room, 
| 
room in each. 


Wetter Merete J chaithy Weikee eee Aer ol ete: ete eo ‘Schools}* one] 1.47.) eed mene eer te 


189 


59 Victoria. - Sessional Papers (No. 35). AS 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. qinete wells 
vena by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
Municipality. tL, O. of contagious| character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases, Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 


Sed > Sonan ep aera 


pee 


TATUATOULR sees kas 2 Sess None supplied........ One cheese factory, 3 hands .; Wells chiefly ; clay loam sub- 
soil; gravelly bottom. 
ABU HIT ys niles oo cle oe None used............ Two cheese factories, 2 hands|Wells ; soil, clay and gravel. 
in each. 
| | 
Artemesia ....-..0.s% jes ; supplied to M.D.|Two cheese factories ; 2|Wells ; clay ; sub-soil, gravel. 
woollen factories; 4 sash 
and door factories; em- 
ployees, about 3 in each. 
A GHOL Ss os ohee's thebeats ae NOS Se ae eee ee | Se alta okt maa Un vaepbaarent a ae eas Nis Dita s aitie'sik 3 Cie eae ane 
URAITWY ICI 4,5 o's 6 VR lave 0's INONG 1: Fe eee e state ates | None BA ete ne ole oes Loam and heavy clay ...... 
PAL POM SOU UN sleds o's ¥s'|isielew ave io e's ou aie teens | Sar oe ave: o lary Saree Sarees Give Bae aban oe Pererelar teats bro's o store a gah ae mee 
MATICARGEL “y'0' 0's So 0s fave Printed forms; when|Two cheese factories ; 1 lime|Wells ; sand, loam and clay. 
required ; they do. kiln. 
PATTON tae tents Ae ats Pea lta Peach Ses glee eetnt oe Two cheese factories ..... BEETS Te oe het 0 ve arte clr ates Subeiens 
FANUSPOON vc. es es g eves NOP Tse ene ue se ose eelaie NONIO iawiah ose ho eee Ce Glay-sub-s0il. 22.0) vues ss 
| | 
Albermarle ......... we OO svn ditele seas wale NONG! cet eatin hea a eee Spring, lake and well water. 


190 


99 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 34). , A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


State number and 
kind of noxious 
trades. How licen- 
sed and regulated ? 


No. of dairy cows./Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis- 
Is there medical or; Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How; whether by con-| by dry earth 
tion? Give details} drained and how| tract or only by| closets. If so, is 


of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. | there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion, of herds for moval ? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis, | 

About 2,000 ........ None s5c i ivase nay Burned by _house-|No dry earth closets.| None. 

holder. | | 

S550 5 NAG Oe Ce Two licensed ; offal|By householder ....|........... ........]None. 
fed tc hogs. 

Don’t know ; No....|None licensed ; two|/By householder ... 4] hots Gears ka Ate ae Cane Slaughtering of ani- 
or three in Town- | mals not licensed 
ship; offal fed to or regulated in any 

hogs. | | particular way. 

ANOS Sencee ih oe J INONG-Gae cua es ile ee etree’ | AC SOON EAC ate Moe 

Fab OM TOS Ck OR Oa ay eee ocesecescce ae 

Inspection by M. H.|None licensed ...... By nouseholder) 74.81 canceweg es oes sek cee Cheese factories“and 

O.; no bacteriolo- dairies are licensea 
gical examination bye BeH: 
for tuberculosis. | 
ahh en act a Two isolated .......|By householder ....|Partly by dry earth|None, 
closets, 
Two horses had No oe No eeeereeeee lee | ee 
glanders and were 
destroyed by orders | 
of vet. surgeon. 
Ce i a None o@oeveoereeetr sone ee ee 2 


191 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Names of M.H.O. and/State, extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
Municipality sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Aldborough soos enc. - 8S. Dorland, M. D. ;|Inspectors make a general in-|Scarlatina, 6 cases .......... 
Three sanitary inspect-]| spection and enforce sani- 
ora. tary regulations. 

BRT ET AT eon etc, sin Gente cas A. J. Reynolds, M.D.|Ordinary .................. Diphtheria, 10 cases, 5 
deaths; typhoid, 4 cases, 
no deaths. 

Admaston...... gece! | Le da tailligany ME Dice nem eter cae y ocuns ie Township has been free from 


any contagious diseases dur- 
the year 1895. 


7 


Anson{and Hindon .../C. D. Curry, M.D ....|None, except on Copenh ontnene 6 cases. 
being made. | 


FAIDION aa ate e Shot oe Samuel: Allison, ?Ms Dilan, 4% also ae -ehee he cl cee t e ee oo ee e 
® 

Ameliasburg ..,...... A. J. File, M.D. ; T.|When complaint is made an/Scarlatina, 3 cases; diph- 
H. Thornton; no| enquiry is made by the| theria, 2 cases; typhoid, 2 
sanitary inspector, board. | cases. 

Amabel ..... ole atahe ait = Campbell Mab 2 ele aes. sean costa caine: | Cae Oa lols waite te wee te 

ASSIPINACK. . 2.06 c. 000 co No M.H.O; Wm.|Inspector is constantly at- Diphtheria, 1; typhoid, 1... 

; Sinze, sanitary in-| tending his duties. 

spector. 

Ashpodel o. 9.00. oi ea. P.oMeNaughton,! Metis isv) ac once cas bound es eee No contagious diseases re- 

ported this year. 
Barrie Island......... None. ea cfceere eee None siete Gans se. eee Noneyee ea aac 
Burpee..... We wala ee ete J. Johnston; (MoD sO 5g eee cee ee hoe Lbs A 


Colin Bailey, sani- 
tary inspector. 


WA IANGLOT |.o.50 9000 es es E.. Bromiley, Mi lws =)08 nr ee ee, Nonee i ue eee ae 
oath ign ete eR Wellford, M.D. 
Burgess, N....... b eoe| Ae LOrner,. MED es, slays. eterte he oO R Chie oe Ma ee ees ck a ee 
1$2 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-| Has vaccination been Disinfsction of con-|Number of schools,;Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.| number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How] how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated in 
1895. 


Thorough as far as|In the past; yes...,|Carbolic acid vap-|Fourteen schools; 20/250 and upwards.... 


known. No isola- orized. rooms; average 
tion hospital. attendance 40. 
Ordinary) 25 os id's Not deni Sie ee Fumigation, carbolic|Fourteen — schools;|............0seeeee- 
tine. 


© © Ob 0.0 6 6 6 O-Os0.O-6 00.0 C1OOs POSH KREHRH HORS FEHOH MEE SL OK OTH EEE HCOOH ECHOHEC OLE eee eer OTCHEKL Cee T HELA CLOCK CC HEREC OC OBO SDC OE 


acid and turpen-| average attendance 
35. 


No hospital . . ...|No; 125; none ....|Clothing of no use Two schools; 4/260 feet 
| burned, also bed- | rooms ; attendance 

ding boiled and ex- 15, 30, 35 and 40. 

pesed to ane 

fumes, 


Bre E teers aad istic nue Noo tape compulsoryelciecc fess can stte weno d WELVE SCHOOUS foiicalls sis ccenen earns 
Number of school | 
children 780. 


Houses where disease|Not for the last four/The ordinary meth-|Fifteen schools; 16/600 cubic feet. ..... 
exists are quaran-| or five years. 835.) ods as ordered by| rooms; from 35 to 
tined. None. M. H. O. 45 in each. 

on Bie eta ee SINGIN OMCs sheets | tence ane ek aeiee a..oe'| Fourteen slo having|... cs seca eae 


one room each. 


No hospital. A va-|No. Very few have|Disinfection is done|Six ; average attend-|...........20eesee oF 
cant dwelling is| been vaccinated. under Dr. Stephen’s} ance 30 in each. 
used when neces- instructions. 
sary. 
None .. .... wre Don’t know ........ ExceptionallyjOne; 1 room; about].................... 
! healthy. 20. 
No hospital? no cases NOSs 48s. occ s tae lascseesencaeaeelnees Two; 1 room in each.}Don’t. know ........ 
to isolate. 
| 
No hospital......... Have beén trying: to)... ..accvcaceeeedeen Six; 1 roomin each. Cannot say......... 


make it compul- 
sory, but find 
almost impossible. 


13 H. 193 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms of notification'Number of factories and in-| Water supply. Where wells 


Muanigipalit by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
shh brea Yover hi H. O. of contagious} character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both; of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both| 
| make use cf them ? 
Aldborough 26.2). 0c. Yes ; when necessary .|Canning factory, from 3 to Wells and creeks ; surface 
100 hands ; cheese factory,| water. 
5 hands; stove factory, from 
15 to 25 hands. 
PAPEN Eee aot e's ete os Wes fa. s Cie hn Cee ie Two cheese factories, 3 hands|Water supply in abundance ; 
| in each, soil, clay loam. 
Admaston............ | Uiio'no 9 59.8 Oe we Gs cariie wr] ncaihb'c Uae Rope nel Meiers aia Wate Giant: Gaiety an aig ale 
| 
Anson and Mindony,241.NOAs..4 ot seaand eae None ititen io moe eee Sandy loam; sub-soil, gravel 
and quicksand. 
PATUIGN see ls ce cade Cannot say............ None iyi ais Saidtee asthe ee ean Ree ar ee “ae 
Ameliasburg ..... Wetered MOB Ey Noipray « Pama erm Four evaporating fatesaeall Wie clay loam with lime- 
10 to 20 hands employed] stone. 
during the season ; 5 cheese 
factories, 3 hands in each, 
PATUBDEL EPs siete sce] a susce Su ata Seas A Eee None Bisons vont stems eae ee ee abclen $00 ue shane Mite 
Assiginack ........... NO ssaauae totes fe eee One shingle and planing Sub-soil mostly white clay, 
mill, 3 hands, mixed with lime stone. 
Ashpodel........... ie | alaretlsr ate ¥ cle'n 3 Salle so clcbea binate 1 aT my at eee © meine ane Petar Sane a Ne 
Barr’s Island......... None'eser 32 3: TAPERS AN a None ria.2, See eee Cee Wells; clay ioam, clay sub- 
soil. 
AME DOO ee oy is eet aioe NO FMP ere Peon ane None sis ec uur araoe oe eas ox |Olay Boil:.2 (404% ipirtceut eee 
Blandford........ « ee INO SEO Marca ieee None igre: ae elena Part of township is sand and 
part clay. 
Burgess, N..,........ Vole AiRase ste Tian et gee Meee ae BY plane ter ae Jued Hee keiss | MA re edee we e'y 5.6 ier ree tea ne 


194 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or) Give number li-| and night so0il,! posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| by dry earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Givedetails| drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is| sed and regulated ? 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval ? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis, 


Two dairies, 11 cows;Two isolated ; drain-| Applied as fertilizer ;}No system of sewage 
in each; no veter-| age good and offal} by contract with] in Municipality; dis- 


eesreereeeeeoeaeeor eevee 


inary or medical} properly disposed| householder. posed of by putting 
inspection. of, on isolated lands, | 
Don know the num-|Nons ise esta Lee ae ew ne ake esta ee bb |'o. wei acs adie see cheer eaeees [la Ree ote ane pean eee 


seer eeeeeee @eeseecee'seeeeeereeseseeeeeeoeee st t Fe eerx>eeeess2030008 ) eoereoeoses eee Cro eevee rs ore erereeere es e8080 oes 
225; no inspection ;|None .............. Householder.,....... None teria tae. :| speccree vib ty sutbeetes 

no tuberculosis. | 
ihe cos ng Goal geet INONG een cedars ati ercurthstavaie COGS tre ne ie opi eiso ee we tv eek TL oy SMT eee RE 
L.DOO: se NOT tess ato Four ; none licensed ;|Carefully disposed of|......... ..seeeee ..None in munici- 

either buried ‘or} by householder. pality. 
burned. 
NONGsaays rhe fate NONGRae sania hoon oil Sate Boe ates Nad] oe te Pace ge > brcleee cn melsr antag cee nana eS 
ia HE Sen lane ; no license ....|By householder..... No contract ........ \None, except one 
| slaughterhouse. 
| 
esr -c0eeee eeeceeleeerr ee eeeve tee. eeeeen eeeee mr eeevreeeseeeel ose esreseerereceeeeseeeeleaseeed oo ecrresesce 

Cows kept by farm-|None .............. None; closets clean-|...........-..eeee0s None 

ers; no regular|. ed occasionally, 

dairy. 
No dairies.......... None seers cer. By householder..... | ate a bisits, oT ee tea None. 

: 

None ; only a few in|/Two or three in the}.......... PERE eres «let Fein ns een te's > wovca leone bob ene revere shine 

Bright kept by pri-| township; no li- 

vate families. cense, 
None eevee e@eesteoeveeaees None eeerereeeeeeeeeeieeeee ee Ff BFF HF HHS sieoeeeeees @eeereeeeaereleoeoeeenes Ce eernecsecone 


195 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). . A886 


TOW NSHIPS.—-Continued. 


Names of M.H.O. and|State, extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
Municipality. sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Barton... ee aN H. Bryant, sanitary in-|Inspection by the sanitary in-]....... Ses eine some lone ice 
spector. spector. Important cases 
are brought to the notice of 
| board. 
Binbrook.......... . |J. W. Smuck, M.D...|Inspected when complaint is|3 cases of scarlatina under 
| made. notice of M. H, O. 
BSPUNOl et iisid e's recess ole ¢ r ~ Wa tart. Ml, Doeoe, | DS INAS, APY nA eee a hl ee: 6 Cageg;. se ckce as 
. | 
SUPE ORC als gis Soke ceva oes Robt. Harbottle, M.B.;/Sanitary inspector has seen a|Scarlatina, 2 cases; diph- 
D. RR. Hamilton,/ number of butchers and in-| theria, 1 case; typhoid, 8 
sanitary inspector, spected oneslaughter house,| cases. 
and attended to any com- 
plaints. 
ESOL Gos Ciao ets oe ecped 1.2 o 0s sce sine ae eat AN ated OR een aR Pear None7* case) tere noe canes 
MSFOMIOV oc st eed cee A. J. Spacling, M.D. .|There has been no general in-|Scarlatina, 2 cases .......... 
spection, and only when 
complaint is made. | 
SOMUIICI 5 19.0 cocks No M.H.0O.; John/|Inspection has been general..|Scarlatina, 8 cases; diph- 
Small and Chas. theria, 4 cases; typhoid, a 
Bohnsack, sanitary few cases, 
inspectors. 
Derties 6. eka .-.|Jacob Walrath, M.D. ;|Annual inspection in May./Scarlatina, several cases ; 
Jaa. J. Moore, A.| Inspection on complaint} diphtheria, several cases, 5 
Ratenburg, George] thereafter. deaths; typhoid, 5 cases, 
Graham, sanitary in- no deaths, 
spectors, 
| 
BOOKS aiden ieee cnc ate A. MacKinnon, M.D. ;|{nspection is thorough ...... Scarlatina, some 8 cages; 
E. Bowlby, sanitary typhoid, a few mild cases. 
inspector, 


196 


x 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 
: | 
Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con- 


ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases. 
State methods and| school children in| Give details and 


Number of schools,/Average cubic air 
number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How| how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated in 
1895. 


in each; No. 1, 20] 1,000. 
to 25; No. 2, 45 to 
50; No. 3, 48 to 52; 
No. 3, union, 25 to 
30; No. 4, 40 to 
45; No. 5, 40 to 
45; No. 6, 50 to a 


No isolation hospital.|No..............:-. ere eS cinlaveettid « viele Seven schools; lroom|/From 130 feet to 


No hospital; home/No ; about 300; none|Bichloride disinfec-|Six schools, 7 rooms.|.....-.....++0. acai 
isolation. vaccinated. tant under direc- 
tion of M.H.O. 
No hospital; M.H.O.|Not this year; last|.......,....cceeeees Sevens: sbout'0-. 2... [aot oc se tote nails 
attends to this} year 348. 
matter, 
The physicians at-|No..............00.- Usually by washing|Twenty-five schools ;}Don’t know ....... x 
tending patients and house cleaning! usually 1 room. 
isolate them as best generally. | 
he can. | 
Pre ty anati sie eke te See en hee bie ou Vet's ia easy elo whe v8 Five; five rooms ;}Average 144....... 
No. 1, 20; No. 2, 
30; No. 3, 58; No. 
| 4,18; No. 5, 53. 
Placards placed on|No vaccination done,Houses thoroughly|...............-ecr[eceecccece wcue tee pate 
house and visitors} this year. | washed ; disinfect- 
excluded. ed generally hy 
burning sulphur, 
etc. 
No isolation hospital;!No compulsory vacci-| Attending physicians|Thirteen schools ; 19}Cannot give ........ 
contagious gies nation ; number of| giveinstructions as} rooms. 
are isolated by] school children| to the mode of dis- 
sanitary inspector} 1,711. infection. 
and attending 
physician. 
Placards; schools!No vaccination, by|M.H.O. orders the|Twelve schools ; 18 Yd erbee FG ete ote ein aie 
closed ; isolation of! order of board this! clothing and bed-| rooms, 
households affect-| year. ding disinfected 
ed. and. boiled ; stools | 
buried after disin- 
fection; rooms 
fumigated; lime 
and carbolic acid 
used freely. In | 
diphtheria, anti- 
toxine was used by | 
some _ physicians 
with apparent suc- | 
cess in some cases. 
Not necessary in1895.|No; about 1 in 5 is).................0-- Nineteen schools ; 2 PEE ee ee ; 
vaccinated. rooms, | 


197 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), 


A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—(Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in- 


ve ae by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their 
Municipality. H. O. of contagious} character and the number 
diseases. Are both] of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
RS AEUOU yakccuiss vey TINO cies Conteh eer eee Noressenth, coca tue scatter 
SINULOOKS. © anca ae oe VS Nay pce eek oe GH ete ce ee a een A eae 
PSPU NG! Site eee. Wl ye Ne Se AU et eda Noties)..2 Fete erin eee 
ISMELORD sawn os Physicians supplied ;/One canning factory, employ- 
teachers send a post| ing from 6 to 100 hands, 
card to M.H.O. 
SSATP OLN Coes cere tiie ek Cee ee One cheese factory; two 
hands. 
Bromley ....... a aige ol fe cet sities a cn Sete Nae ad eer ee eae te anaiefoat a's otis 
IBenbINCK Lae. eae Supplied to physicians ;|One furniture factory, 1 felt 
no ; they notify per-| boot factory, one spring bed 
sonally or by post] factory; about 200 em- 
card. ployees. 
Berl wee cower oe Not generally used....|No factories.......... Soptie 
Brook....... dssianytie + tenet e mt aae tre wie ove Sak. | Ceateiiaal Soe Leek See cera, eR one 


(198 


Water supply. Where wells 
are used give character of 
soil and sub-soil. 


Clay loam, rock bottom 


eeorereeose 


Wells ; clay loam 


Sandy loam ; hard pan and 
rock, 


Usually wells 


Clay loam and hard pan .... 


e@ecee st eeee 6s eeeeeceeeee ees « 


Wells ; spring creeks; soil 
clay loam ; sub-soil gravel 
and sand. 


Wells; many of them are 
drilled in the rock ; others © 
in varable soil. 


@eoeeeee testes eecorsee 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-(State number and 
and night soil,| posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
whether by con-| by dry earth] trades. How licen- 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. 
Is there medical or] Give number li- 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How 


tion? Give details] drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, dl sed and regulated ? 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval ? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis, | 
| | 
Cannot say ; no vet-|Ten; offal in some|..... Ph eaietee tn core «..-|Common privies ... ly one. 
erinary inspection.| cases boiled and | 
| fed to pigs. | | 
Farm herds; no in-|One; not licensed...|Individual disposall]......... rics ont Bassi 
spection. | by householder. 
No large herds; only|None............... Householder........ Pry. earth closets ...|....,....00. ieee 
a few kept by! 


farmers. | 


Slaughterhouses ; 


Buried, or used as|No sewage system . I 
none licensed or 


No medical inspec-|Variable numbers, 
land manure by 


tion; veterinary} according to sea- 


: 
| 
| 
| 


inspection when| son; nonelicensed.| householder. regulated. 
Owner suspects 
anything wrong. 
No veterinary in-!One; not licensed ;|By householder..... ly ONPG ome heat Ree 
. spection. drained into a | 
| creek, | | 
None in the town-/Two; none licensed.|By householder..... Irons Neat NGS i a ay | None. 
ship. 
But few dairy cows ;|None licensed ... .. | By householder..... ie system.......... IN one. 
no special inspec- 
tion. | | | 
Cea ercee amen tore. ae ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


Municipality. sanitary inspector, general inspection. 

Bosanquet............ D. McEdwards, M.D.|Inspected cheese factories and Scarlatina, 16 cases, 1 death. 

slaughter houses, 

BSATTIOL Bas saee aie, hod sor —Oaldwells MoD yet oar cause ae ian ene eel eee NoOtiany i tcc oii ee as epee cee 

BGXIGVIN ost, cc geste r O.No Laurie, MDI Aes aia ae hae Mee v8 tee | Ce ee aie oe rent aoae net ee Bis 

DOVerly dase e'e's so vies J. T. Manes, M. D.;|No regular methods of in- liryphoia fever, 34 cases ..... 

E. Clement, sanitary spection only when the 
inspector. inspector or M. H. O, are 
notified. 

Blenheim so: 4e sae © Have a M. H.O., but|/Township is divided into/Diphtheria, 13 cases, 1 death ; 
no sanitary inspector. three divisions and the| typhoid, 38 cases, 1 death. 

board into three com- 
mittees. 

BLOCK Sate iek eee as McDermott & Jardine, |Inspection made twice dur- jScarlatina, one case; diph- 
M.D’s.;R.R. Bryant,| ing the summer, and other, theria, four cases ; typhoid, 
sanitary inspector. times if required. three cases. 

PSGCLOVG IW. Acs sane Wm, Parkers: 7D) aie tes aie sins, tye atte Te eeatolert aretare Diphtheria, one case........ 

PAT OLOOK Uoihs se) als ste J. W. Smuck, M.D...|Inspection when complaints|Scarlatina, three cases, under 

ATG; MAG so. ack ows es os os notice of M, H. O. 
BSSAPTICK wing crs ois). Vinh = R. E. Clapp, M.D.;|/House to house inspection of|Diphtheria, a few cases; 
Wm. Clenhim, sani-| all villages, school houses,} typhoid, about 20 cases. 
tary inspector. creameries, etc. 
Carlow se cise oko | ciestdpgal ss. Hea owls Soke oeeel wo Re] Site Ream patel ad ARO iielals eg attle [10 gua) Mavele ie o's he Sees tale i see 
] 
Cockburn Island...... INONO 'mc'e clang, 0,09 uses Mole otha aatete eal oe OR nie On see ee ae Noneiiiwed Greet eee caters 


a 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


i — ————————— 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,;Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State! tagious diseases.) number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in! Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How| how carried out each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895. 
Isolated in homes...)Yes; nearly alliStools buried after/Thirteen; one room’. ............-..-- 
vaccinated. disinfection; after| in each. 


convalesence  sul- 
phur is burned in 
rooms infected. 


NOLIADVE, “cis's dons 55 9 No vaccination this|Not any............ Seven schools; Lrocm|)........<-s.2se" ene 
year. in each; attend- 
ance from 15 to 25 
in each school. 


Taolated sinast 6 VEU esters ny sccm som Houses placarded,|Six schools, 1 room,|...........+++++ee08 
houses; no hospital. and inmates not] average attendance 
allowed to mingle} from 12 to 40, 
with the public. 
No isolation hospital.|No ......seseeceess The usual disinfec-|Fifteen schools, 13 of Don’t know *.. deus 
tants, carbolic| these have 2 rooms. 
acid, chloride of 
lime, etc. All 
roomsare disinfect- 
ed; secreta is dis- 
infected before be-| 
ing disposed of. 


No isolation hospital;|Don’t know number|Cannot say ........ Seventeen schools, 21/Cannot say ....... : 
houses are pla-| vaccinated ; 998 in rooms. 
carded; visitors| municipality; 
not allowed tovisit.| vaccine was sup- 


plied the physicians 
in 1894. 
No isolation hospital;;No; none ...... ....|Thorough isolation ot|Nineteen ; 22; aver-|..........---+++e00 
don’t allow any all cases. age 45. 
person to mingle 
with families hav- 
ing contagious dis- 
eases. 
None required ...... No; about 600; none}........- eye ALAS Twelve; 6 has 2/About 350.......... 
in 1895, rooms, 6 has 3 
rooms, 
No hospital; home|No; about 300 ; none'Bichloride under SG Se PATOOMIS ese a 'sials|| ot vnale elec gl ocean einen 
isolation, vaccinated. direction of M. H. 
No isolation hospital;|Yes ; about 100 ....| Fumigation and dis-'Twenty; 27; not|/Not known ........ 
isolation from the | infection, known. 
other members of 
the family. 
No hospital ........ No 3:94 5.50. TO Calas a ee eae eta ot Eee Be 4; from 10 to|....... beeen ‘ 
SEeN aN Mer Cl stork civia‘a'e 6 No vaccination per-| ............+ »+-.-|Two; 1 room in each./400 in No. 1, 350 in 
formed. N2, 2. 


fs ee ee ee ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), 


TOWNSHIPS .— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
Miunicioalte | by teachers and M,| stitutions. State their] are used give character of 
be sietehd 9 rth As H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied ? Do both 
make use of them ? 


Bosanquet........... Yes; yes... .........|One cheese factory ; 3 hands/Clay loam?................. 
employed. 

Barrie seyecasce sie ec Not any supplied..... None but cheese factories ; 2;/Good water supply; sandy 
to 4 hands in each. soil. 

Bexley ........ eoces | Not required ..%...¢6 NOUADY fice. sees. ....|/Loamy and clay sub-soil .... 

IDOVETICY ss wiates ce 6 ante oe Not supplied ......... Res aise eic ernie catc mad From wells; clay soil ; nearly 


all wells are rock drilled. 


Blenheim ............ Physicians supplied ;}One cheese and 1 chair fac-|Soil, sandy loam ; sub-soil, 
some use them. | tory. clay and gravel. 

IDTOOK Stones ais ook SAVES bs grote ae ee _.|T'wo factories, 4 in each..... Wells ; clay and gravel ..... 

Bedford tacos ss chek Stine ae eM snouts wimpy lungs ight ale Saale cate ae heme ee Wells; mostly clay soil .... 

Din DPOOK Wace ste oes nel NOOB tek es oe ie Loum A rural municipality........ Wells ; clay loam .......... 

Caltech ymin. cn te None; no; notice in|One factory and a few em-|Wells ; clay soil and quick 
{ writing is given. ployees, sand. 

Carlow cece eave c ea NO | NON TG ee sarees One cheese factory..........|Mostly wells; loam and hard- 
| pan. 

Cockburn Island......|No ..... ra ort ? ore None sat aot ee oe oe eee Some running creeks, others 

use wells, 


Maou St AGs cal Gr inate LOG Ge ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1898 


TOWNSHIPS.— Continued. 
bes Se ae EL re aE Wes ASR UIP OT Bey AYRE dM FI” Lor keh) ab pS Nae 


State number and 
kind of noxious 
trades. How licen- 
sed and regulated ? 
(See sec. 63 Public 
Health Act.) 


No. of dairy cows.|/Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis- 
Is there medical or| Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| b y dry earth 
tion? Givedetails| drained and how] tract or only by; closets. If go, is 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re- 
tion of herds for moval ? 


tuberculosis, 
Cattle free from dis-|One; not licensed ..]................2--- Ne neonate a aise eames ate cis et ate Nolaaiacete ae 
ease. 
About 400 cows; no|No slaughterhouses .|By householder.....)......ceccccsss  cecclececcucccccccccecece 
inspection. 
No large dairies; no/None .............. By householder ....|;Common _ closets} ........... wasteinaee 
inspection or ex- above ground, 
amination. 
Don’t know number ;/Three on small scale ;|By householder ....|No contract removal.|........... «..c.eee 
no inspection. offal burned. 
Cannot give number ;/None licensed ; offal/By householder ....|.......cccecvecccecelecece oo amended 


fed ; used as man- 
ure. 


no examination of 
herds for tuber- 
culosis. 


Hach farmer has from|One; none; buried. |By householder ;|Privy pits, some dry}.. 
6 to 12 cows; no burnt and buried. | earth closets. 
O.S. inspection. 


@ee20880000 Steoesec 


One dairy, 40 cows;/None .............. By householder ....|Dry earth ..........]...00. BPA ares det P 


no inspection, 


Farm herds; no in-|One not licensed....|Individual disposal]....... Te ato SWoes | 3s E Sip be bec os ee ete kiee 
spection. by householder, 


Lye ieee ee Four; 4; burned ../Buried by house- Dry earth closets in|None. 
holder. villages. 
DOULNO oe. ot. INGHGIy ons ss ce. «»-.-|Householder........ No contract removal.|None. 
No inspection ,.... INONGIN accuse haere Householder..... 325 ier Se Satins 4 aelae'ae'e'y havea ote te 


203 


59. Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
general inspection. 


Names of M. H. O. and 
sanitary inspector. 


Municipality. 
Cartwright ......... W. A. Fish, M.D ....|Members of Board inspect|None ... .........-seeeeeee 
twice a year. 
Claradon and Mills ..|None .....:..... «2. None vines cone sles ion eae None) cycctoatsa ee sieas eninge 8 


Charlottenburg ....../Falkner, M.D.; L.|Creameries, cheese factories|Diphtheria, 1 case, 1 death .. 
Cattanaugh, sanitary} and slaughterhouses are 


inspector. carefully inspected. 
COLLOSS IF cies ee ek oa, Gillies 1) D \eeee are os see LEREPT IAL H ok ore noe Diphtheria, 5 cases, 2 deaths.. 
Charlotteville ........ Wades Melnnis,: MED it)i 5, owe nee ences otewars sei None reported............. 


A. Wood and T. L. 
Roberts, sanitary in- 


spectors, 
Clarence || i .....ce«scd. IN. Desrosiers, M.D ..{General inspection every Scarlatina, 100 cases, 25 
spring. deaths; diphtheria, 40 
| cases, 8 deaths; typhoid 
| fever, 200 cases, 3 deaths. 

CAIBLOD fon veces eee di ‘De La Malter, M.D.;|Attended to by sanitary in-|Diphtheria, 5 ; typhoid, 2 .. 

Ed. Gillespie, sani-| spector. 
rahe tary inspector. 

Crosby, North........ D. E. Foley, M.D.;|Sanitary inspector makes in-|Scarlatina, 1 case .......... 
Owen Martin sani-| spection in the spring and 
tary inspector. special when complaint is 

made. 

CRAG y eo. se arce tae de Hclee Howland ss MDs tevine rats cance tts sau aies nie oe Scarlatina, 4 cases, 1 death ;: 
W. H. Lehman, sani- diphtheria, 4cases, 2 deaths. 
tary inspector. 

Collingwood.......... S. H. Large, M.D.; E.|Personal inspection by sani- Typhoid, 6 cases.......-.... 
Dickinson, sanitary| tary inspector. 
inspector, 

SeChapman vk. v ashe P. D. Tyreman, M.D..|All members of the board|None ...... .... ........06 
acting sanitary inspectors. 
| 
Ohristie:.3: <2. . state fe J. P. Waddy, M.D ...|Township is divided into dis-|Diphtheria, 11 cases ..,..... 
| tricts, each member looks 
after his division. 
Card wellirn oe veitemse ta Robinson GME D 25 viectselactc tui e sitet craw eee ete ea None (igi feo faceneaeabane ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). | A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Average cubic air 


Tsolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con-|Number of schools, é 
space to each pupil, 


ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.) number of rooms, 
State methods and} school children in| Give details and} and attendance in 
whether any isola-| municipality. How| how carried out. each, 

tion hospital. many vaccinated 


in 1895. 

By placarding pre-|No vaccination per-|By using chloride of|N ine schools, f-room| iii i358. e ee ee 
mises and prohibit-| formed. lime; burned sul-| in each, attendance 
ing children from phur, from 25 to 40. 
attending school, 

No hospital ........ Nore sey e.4h8 Pe INGHOn ee geen toMy Hight; eight. ....../:. Pes Sapte es 

NOV OspItal s Nos... LINO. Their es oe eee ON Sulphur fumigation.|Twenty - three; 21] .......... .......- 

have one room and 
2 have 2 rooms 
each, 

No hospital ; houses|No; don’t know....|.......-eccecescccce Elever: schools, «<1}..3..¢s¢80. 22.4 ekee, 
placarded, etc. room in each. 

None; isolation by|No ................ By disinfecting the|Nine; nine ........|.....-. eS Tava nees see 
placarding houses. discharge of bowels, 

etc. 

IN Gyre OXCOPLIMAY 1 Piaf INOS oe ie eae eee ant ieee ne oe welvens toes ae. os fees eee ede 
carding houses, 

No Hidspital ..::°:.: Generally done in|Chloride of lime and/Ten, 1 room in each.|.......... ......... 

1894, none in 1895.|_ sulphuric acid. 
ONE tO LOSDI pals. }N OL se vec ttewe cnt oe Sulphur fumigation ;/Sixteen schools; 17|.... .......ccceeeee 
washing walls and); rooms, 
floors with bichlo- 
ride, etc. 
None; none,....... No ; about 240 school|/No contagious dis-/Three ; 3 rooms, at-/381 ................ 
children ; about 25.| eases in 1895. tendance 15, 30, 75. 

No hospital; houses/All children were|Houses are disinfect-|Four ; 4; attendance|230 ................ 
placarded and’‘iso-) vaccinated in1894;| ed with sulphur} No. 1, 3; No. 2, 
lated, number of school] under supervision] 25; No. 3, 2: No. 


children, 80. of memberof Board| 4, 14. 

of Health, 

No; 68 in munici- 
pality. 


ee errr rere ew eersseeoe 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in- | Water supply. Where wells 


by teachers and M.| stitutions. State thei r| are used give character of 


_ Municipality. H. O. of contagious} character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 
Cartwriphtare <<) iss. Forms supplied andjNone, except one cheese|Wells used; clay soil and 
used. factory. sub-soil. 
Claradon and Mills ...]..........-- ob bo PMO TE LAL Wire a's Pic ssw slotehe vee dia aaa caha cars Ae heer baie los aayecmteadd 
| 
@harlotton burg ise: |S CSncvhine soe scucns as NOUCh. vere siecle sate cnnlen 6 cr Generally clay soil.......... 
CUITOBS ei. Fieie + 6 Mies © bic 9 ote see eR fais cc tn ae Two” or , three . butter -and| Wella.-.;.....s:5- sneer ene 
cheese factories, employing 
one or two hands in each. | 
Charlotteville Cee corel|seereeececcrreseecvecersse Cec cccereecceecsecsescseccce | oe réevenb eve 10 Fp, @xe. ee els1elele te)atele 
CHAYENCE | oss esos cain bi = HPAES tht, Se dite Thirteen ; seventeen......:.|Wells .....-.....-0+-++-e0ee 
CalStor tt seus sean eee NOS si Yess. sa ene One cheese factory, three em-|Wells: clay loam .......... 
ployees. 
Crosby, North [vise cl NOS, seas sie ecieteey was Four cheese factories, 2 hands|Wells ; sandy loam, sub-soil, 
in each; 1 grist mill, 3] clay and gravel. 
hands; 1'saw mill, 8 hands ; ; 
1 furniture factory, 5 
| hands. 
QDS 6 Vice. ess sesso. Nos nowen Cees s ee ota aNOMLGL va rate, Sie Bele eld ele are Pearle tits ree coy eeteest seannn (eae 
Collingwood.......... | Se oa aie o bilhie osc vee One woollen tactory ; one|Wells ; chiefly gravel ...... 
| cheese factory employing 
| 15 hands. 
| | ; 
GDAPMIAD foc. ie! ce oe No#forms is cise sic eunetsie = One sash and door factory, 2|Wells.and springs ; soil clay. 
hands; 2 saw mills, 
hands each ; 2 shingle mills, 
10 hands each. | 
COHPIBtIO Sok occ s ee Ce IINO LOXINS is iop woe on ahs Three saw mills, employing|Wells are used ; loam with 
; 25, 8, 5 hands respectively ;| clay sub-soil. 
1 sash factory, 2 hands. 
Oardwell. vice tin NOS Peet ods ees Non6-S oN tae ce ne vette ae Wells i sae uous os BE A a 
206 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Se 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Mews ay aka ee eee eee 


No. of dairy cows. /Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|/Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or| Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether) kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec--) censed. How| whether by con-| b y dry earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how! tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated? 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval? Health Act. 
tuberculosis. 

No veterinary in-|No slaughterhouses.|By householder..... By dry earth closets ;| None. 
spection. no contract re- 

moval, 
No inspection ...... NGO ee thane aie lie mane hae te Se lek a oat Oe eee None 


9,164 cattle; pro-/Not more than 2 in|By householder ..._|No system of sewage, | None. 
bably about 6,000) municipality. 
dairy cows ; no in- 
spection; no. ex- 
amination of herds. 


Cannot give the num-|Two or three slaught- 
ber of cows. erhouses, 


Foes babe oe mbemcuse eeu Ole ue.) 25818 %oitei| Ute Som 'a/liy/s) ele) swielie: con ajyeicalls) eve || =).eceilexat el ehelalelacevetieh tetercte 


Cx ONe Pg) 6, 1p 6.0 6 cere cere ah cation maemo’) o.2, S480 Heh Tcpeleteie Sis pebe) ° S106, 26, a6 l/s) 4.0187 16.0) 0) \eie:e'e1 68) 016-0) 7\|'a.6 "ea. o-olet sation atgce tector 


oar -eosesses...../Not licensed ; are in 
bad condition. 


About 1,700; no....|/Four; no licenses ;|By householder .... By dry earth closets. | None. 


offal fed to hogs. 


One; drained to lake;|By householder ....;No ............. eral: [cold thaxete tastes rey ates 


offal burned. 


"seer ee eee r er eeereeses 


None; .< 2... heen Ewa. fr oflalg fed tol doves: sta nea ss ta fant, eee eo eee | aelsiele ccd cereal 
hogs. 
Nincceondairvscows;|Fourms lau gh ter-|..:<.<0ests wwe wiresl at aoe acne, ook chew nee eepeees cee 
no. houses, all licensed; 
offal disposed of 
on farm lands, 
About 400; no; none.|None .............. By householder ....|Dry earth closets and| None. 
cess pools, 
No dairies. Z me ete One slaughterhouse./By householder ....].........cccceseececlec Wa wetene euerne ares 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}. A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Names of M.H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 


Municipality. 


= 


Caled OM ew iese s.r t James Algie, M.D....|Regarding nuisances, the M.| Diphtheria, 8 cases, 2 deaths ; 
H. O. findsless trouble from| typhoid, 6 cases, 1 death ; 
year to year; one slaugh-| scarlet fever, 6 cases, no 
terhouse nuisance satisfac-| deaths. 
torily abated; hog pens, 
4removed; dead animals, 


eS | 


6 buried. 

Crowland ..:..00s.-: S. H. Glasgow, M.D. ;|Inspector attends to all com-|Scarlatina, 1 case; diphtheria, 
Michael Doan, sani-| plaints. 1 case; typhoid, two cases, 
tary inspector. 2 deaths. 

Caldwell ...... ONE PLN ONG ch tie late oreo ao cease alent raat Sia oie. oa let oye Peete None reported.............) 

CUIALK Osos asa wee Pattoats % None appointed ...... Township is divided into five Scarlatina, 3 cases; diph- 

; districts, 1 member of the| theria, 2 cases, 1 death ; 
Board having the oversight} typhoid ,2 cases, 1 death. 
of each. 

Cumberland.......... James Ferguson,M.D.;|No general inspection, tee 10 cases; diph- 
Peter, A. MclLaren,| when complaint is made. theria, 12 cases, 2 deaths ; 
sanitary inspector. typhoid, 6 cases. 

Cardiff..... Bean eae W. Giles, M.D....... Inspection when necessary ..|Diphtheria, 9 cases, 4 deaths. 

DAWSON 625-9 :00's50 00 08 NOfleygaeaereee kes Non@teae ons acoso er.cel None “hy Aectsk een ac ae 

| 

Dowhieve Ge RivscsactidedePawl MD ote All schools, cheese factories,|A bout 12 cases diphtheria and 

slaughterhouses, wells and| 24 cases typhoid, 2 deaths 
omnes closets were inspected. from the latter. 

DUN FannoNns sss. + os f — Lavett, M.D....... NOness foe coe ss tee tees INORG: +S cecice cs eats Oe ge 

DUTU eee We ace laisse 3 IN Hopkings{ Me Dee ace ie e's aarta eevee aainte ule rissa None'reported. o.5) ¢ 25. eee 

Dalhousie and Sher- 

brooke ss .e a ae ee A; Bradford 3M: Dain None: oteesaree semen te eitey Scarlatina, 4 cases. ........ 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.} number of rooms,} space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in} Give details and} and attendance in 


whether any iso-| municipality. How] how carried out. each, 
lation demanded. many vaccinated 
in 1895, 
2S Ae ME gi aR Generally) soy sae ere ones cece beh as Eight schools; 8 Don’t know sf oe ees 
rooms. 
No hospital ........ IN ONGR cant rap anoe hs Ae te ee ote tele ee anak One; one. 228 cubic ft......... 


AJl cases isolated as No ; number of child-|Physician attends|Ni ineteen ; only one|No meansof knowing 
well as circumstan- | red from 5 to -16,| and orders removal] has 2 rooms. 
ces would permit; 719; from 16 to 21, of all clothing, bed- , 
by the physician| 244-963, ding, etc., and the 
in attendance. boiling disinfection 
| of same. House 
fumigated with 
sulphur, repapered 
and whitewashed. 


No hospital ; sisola-|Nos about 900+: vac-l..0.--......2... ee. Sixteen ; only 4 have|Much less than sanl- 
tion in private cination neglected. 2 rooms. tary science would 
houses only, ; demand. 

Houses placarded...|No .........0....2%! ‘onlphur burned, cat=|One 37). 2.¢ sce na (ence ae ene 

bolic acid solution 
used. 
IWOn6 sere ere oe ei None Atecs nates Don’t know .. ..... One school ©) Liroomy s\n. nies wines amree 
about 15. 

Board causes families|.......... ......... Mir: Os disintected | caiman tse ets. ai. |b) tee 
to be isolated ‘| all premises where 
where diphtheria contagious diseases 
appears. existed. 

None 3. .»-|No; 288; age from|None Te ets, Ueno s Slewen caver age) *) 6 ee te 
; 5 to 16,—. - - attendance, 35. 

No hospital ........ Don’t know of any..|Free use of carbolic|Five ; 5 ; attendance,| About 400 feet...... 
- : ‘| acid, — : ‘tT 30; gan 35, 38, 40, 

| 
None; no deolation No ; 300 ; don’ t hit Esta eista sauna sees Twelve; 1 room in|Don’t'know 


eosee os 


“hospital. - each schdol ; aver-|' 


age, about 25. 


7 en ©. bat al ae Pepe Ren Reman Tht . rae: aan 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification] Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.j stitutions, State their] are used give character of 
Municipalit H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
See pay diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 


Sie ————- ———— 


aL GOT eee sb clh.g 6s| ie hn wba vin h otep eee Bi aH Me cities ra tod ais otal gree eve total SRnCi OND Cerri esate naven ye ee 
Growland ssh cause sé All cases promptly re-|None ............-..eeseees Wells and cisterns.... ..... 
ported. 
CURL WOLL estes crete Cee Claly oidane aa clhoths oa a ole NONO Meir e ses Rea ke eee Wells ki 72h fee | , 
ROAR 200 aie ata 'a bls a's To physicians and used|T wo cheese factories ........ Wells; varies greatly sae 
by them; none to}. 
teachers. 
Cumberland.......... INOSENO? cae kee Novfactoriesenicc. 2 weupeabirn tes Gravel and clay ....... ae a 
Cardiliie taser. te aaee Now croc aeaae res One cheese factory.......... Wells or creeks............. 
POAWRON irs rected wens «si Don’t knowsee.d. tes One sawmill Fe. iene tenes Wells ; gravel and clay ..... 
DGWHIO gs oe ean ss oe | Win Si doco sina wile a) aerate on GUS Ripa muasanie ie Rigen Soe hia: thee tete leis «esl bie Fleet e aie es cece 
Dungannon..... ..... None . .... .-.......}Three cheese factories....... Yellow loam, sandy bottom. 
TBA UTE 1 Saas rar rae Rt Supplied to M.:H. O..|One cheese factory.......... Clay soil, sub-soil clay loam. 
| | 
Dalhousie. and . Sher-|.. | Saree 
brooke as css weaak ee | No: forms eupplied ....|Four cheese factories, 2 men|Wells and springs ;. sandy 
in each. loam, 


| 


210 


59 Victoria. ‘Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medicalor} Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether) kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How] whether by con-| by dry earth) trades. How licen- 


tion? Give details drained and how] tract or only by! closets. If so, is| sed and regulated ? 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-; (See sec. 63 Public 


| 
tion of herds for | moval? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis. ee 
No cases of tuber-|None .............. Householders’. 23. bse wie cc eo es Ue, "abe sf 2 ce e'apentavere eenteiae one 
culosis. 
No dairies: ... 552... three SOTO MUICONBOls! Sa tues. caer ae tsa. Seen a A Gi aN oe None, except slaugh- 
| fed to hogs. terhouses, 
About 600 cows. ...|No regular ones ; no|Householder........ Some dry earth|None. 
license ; no drains ; closets. 
no inspection. 
BN ORINSDECLIOINR nts) Some eee sar er ante eines fate ewe Sete akin th capt hak ies gd | eye) ne ts 
A few cows kept Poy hte tc Sa rk are lara rare Breer 182 | MC reae rage se Cehiaias | one iiseta ie re chete ie 
farmers; no dairy. 
! 
eereter ere ee 8 e eevee eeee \eeatp oeoeoevr+scoeeeees oeeerercer eee ee eee eeeee eeoeeeveeveeeesees eer vevee oweoeoweeoeeaeeseoe ee ee 
525 cows ; no; none./The house is built on|None ............. Det eteovireurteateteal Witraa | None. 
a high plane and all 
refuse is washed 
away. | 
1,000 ; no inspection;|None ............. By householder ....|Pit system ......... None. 
n>? herd examined 
Don’t. know; no ;'None: ...........26. Householder,.... .. Dry earth closets ;.no| None. 
none. contract. 


211 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


eC ataes Names of M. H. O. and/|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
Municipality. sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
| | 
DOVED von secre acess « Jas. Agar, 0. Do. cr) No general inspection carried| Diphtheria, 15 cases, 1 death ; 
out. typhoid, 50 cases, only 2 


deaths reported. 


Denbigh, re and 
Ashby 


Rei iinidetas's ...(C. D. Doig, M.D. ....|No official inspection this|None ....................., 
year. 
Dorchester,S.. ...... | Milton Baker, /M. D, 413 Nao ere ee steamer Lge 7 cases, 3 deaths ; 
Peter Carlton, sani- typhoid, 1 
tary inspector. 
MIGUIO? ee tei a sar cee s J. H. Fraser, M.D....|No systematic inspection of|Three cases typhoid, the re- 
premises. sult of bad water; 1 case 
diphtheria, 1 death ; 6 cases 
scarlet fever, 2 deaths, 
Darlington ........+. — Mitchell, M.D..... Reports of medical men and|Scarlatina, 9 cases; diph- 
complaints of people. theria, 12 cases, 3 deaths ; 
typhoid, 10 cases, 1 death. 
Dereham ies sarees H. Minishall, M.D. ;|By sanitary inspector, who Scarlatina, 20 cases; diph- 


J.K. Creighton, M.D.| ‘attends promptly to all! theria, 5 cases; typhoid, 12 


complaints, cases, one death. 

amfries No .\os 5 os ss D. A. Thomson, M.D.;'Slaughterhouses and  milk/Typhoid, 9 cases, 1 EN 

John Macnab, sani-| vendors are inspected once 

tary inspector. a@ year. 
DTAPEL 0 iss ss hie eos S<-Dridgeland3M; Dis | acuen se eee ee ee eee Diphtheria, 2 cases ........ 
Dorchester, N........ A> Graham, {M.D nas va cele sete enema: Typhoid, 1 case ...... ..... 
DAW helicdie y e'shalo ay oe ed = ral bralth. Doo eer nie See eee Ce Sis tedle winged et aes 
MALLING Hiss os eal sue se teptih |e aie na obs oy Gree NOM wed No inspection made......... None Pic tr-ce Malone scree 
Deleware ..... eeeeees lH. H. Mitchell, M.D.. | Frotiae to house inspection...|Typhoid, 12 cases ..... ei oon. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,/Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.) number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and} school children in| Give details and| and attendance in a 5 


whether any isola-| municipality. How] how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated | 
in 1895, 
| | 
Noisolation hospital;|No; about 500 in|Patients given bath ;|Eleven ; average at-|.......5..-.+.-beee: 
patient is kept in a municipality. clothing soaked in tendance, upwards 
separate room and | bichloridesolution;| 40, 
others keptas far as house fumigated 
possible from com- with sulphur, 
munication with 
him, | 
No hospital’: no<dis-|Novs. 22 ene oes ee No disinfection re-;Seven ; 7 rooms .... 
eases to isolate. quired. | 
Eo Ee esa pret ee Ray ae nae Compulsory vaccina-|According to rules}Hleven; 15, ........)ic.ccccccccccccccees 


tion in all the} laid down in Pub- 
schools ; about 150} lic H. Act. 
vaccinated last 
February, | 

| 


a 

. 
° 
. 
. 
e 
° 
° 
° 
. 
e 
. 
° 
e 
e 
° 


Placarding in some’ No i. 0208. ast Each medical man/|Nineteen schools, all|From 20 to 40 cubic 
cases, attendstothishim-!| 1lroom; attendance feet. 
self, using carbolic| from 8 ‘to 50 ; aver- 


acid, etc. age, about 18. 
The best that can be No; during the year|/By the use of anti-|Eleven; 4 have 2j..i..:.......00e eee 
done under the cir- | probably 99% have] siptics, while wash-| rooms each; about 
cumstances, each| been vaccinated.'! ing and scrubbing,| 550 in tp. 
case requiring dif-; Total number of | | burning sulphur, 
ferent methods. | school children in| and in some cases 
| municipality, 894. burning of bed 
| linen, etc. 
PIES AMR e a ele ern INJo:b/ eo, COMPUISOY sae eae Sethe eats Eleven, majority|Don’t know aan 


about 550 children. have 1 room. 


Disinfected by M. H.|None .............. NODGERUMIA air ete bak arent ce Us eet ts Witenes he 
O. 
None ; not required.|........ sahavahgieanatancee! gla Hove Alar tiete acer estan bne og tots [OLX UOOM 1) 5. shale’ wlde'w Vie] 0 4 ere dine da stele nelenne 
INONG Breccia sects Don’t know ........ None used ......... \Six ; 1 room in each, ong knowl .teeees 
| 
Aelilak bats tyre otate’ ate ct th No ; 280 school child-/Ordinary precaution'Seven; 8 rooms.....|320 ............00-. 
ren ; all vaccinated| observed. 
in 1894, 


213 


d9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 


Municipality. diseases. Are both} of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 
TG) ae ETE Neithery, «.jn0 Chie cee None yess ard Pelco Wells; heavy clay with quick- 
‘ sand sub-soil. 
| 
Denbigh, Abinger and 
ASD DV Sirti cane tees None‘nsed? 3.9205 .%5. Two cheese factories, one|Springs and wells; sandy 

hand in each. loam, gravely sub-soil. 

WOTCHESLER at's «vari lSuatecs dees han Gaemaee Three-cheese factorias.y.2 205.15 5 ake hdc Seas ee ee 

MVOGRG forat'djs,6:e si iels 89's) | situa od ceate So and Code ad Me eLearn Sete | behets 

Darlington .......... None used....... .... Two cheese factories, two| Wells entirely; clay, sand 
hands in each. and loam, sub-soil, gravel. 

Dereham ............ Don’t know .......... Nine cheese and butter|Soil generally clay.... ..... 
factories, 3 hands in each. 

Dumtricss Node. 264s |e ees oe Pode os eae Two cheese factories, 2 em-|Soil is principally clay, sandy 
ployees in each. loam, sub-soil, gravel. 

PITA DOR eo vie cig ete w ely | errr Pleas cia eae ernie None iat oct ses ee nae chee a aero te ent aeeat keene 

Dorchester, N........|M. H. O. use them...|Six cheese factories, employ-|Wells and springs \.¢ sane 
ing 22 men. 

AIR WIAs ash ts doe »see|Nones nosno.;...... One cheese factory.......... ere clay with gravel sub- 

soil. 
Darling ........ eéivge Don’t know .......... One cheese factory ; 2 hands. |Soil is mostly light ......... 
Deleware............. eserves, oats, eeHk Two factories ; 45 hands ..../Wells; gravel.............. 


214 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Nc. 35). A. 1896 
er eee ONES Sad RR DNR VAD Leg TS UN er Nw Hirde MERC ae 
TOWNSHIPS —Continued. 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether) kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How] whether by con-| b y dry earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how] tract: or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated? 


of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval ? ealth Act.) 
tuberculosis. | 
Wosdairy 3.00. 2023 NONG te cuss ean ee Householder........ Pit system ......... None. 
Don’t know number|None .............. Householder........{|No prescribed sys-|None. 
of cows. tem; no contract 
| removal. 
Don’t’ know ........ One small one; a po-|By householder ..../By householder ....|None. 
tion fed to hogs and 
balance on ground 
as Manure. 
Our sanitary in-|Fourslaughterhouses|...................- fiutethenkc cichds Grd wiaiee Stark | Sara ee neck ame ane 
spector isa V.S.;/ all licensed; tile 
no estimate can be| drained into a safe 
made of the num-| distance. 
ber of cows, | 
| | 
Abouts510.;ouo sins ev en ;acltcensed, ;:by, householder:,z..b ss. sacar coronene, (lc pede. ees 
spection. offal is fed to hogs 
| part boiled and 
: part raw. 
About 4,500 intp.; no/Four slaughter-| Householder........ Mostlys drywearthl..-:..s.ss00seenc en 
»inspection needed.| houses. closets. 
nae mee oe ae |) None ..............|By householder yh PGs utes oho eee 
Don’t know ........ Nonensari.onsebics cee By householder ... | a Tes A | Vo beeiees eee 


About 600 dair y Two : offal fed to By householder ....|Natural drainage... .|None. 


cows, hogs. | 
| 


215 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 34). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Sere. Names of M. H. O. and] State extent and method of Contagious diseases. 
Municipality. sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Hd On Gee aa ah ane John F. Ross, M.D...!...... Bec aera Pees Os ehh .«.. ./Two cases diphtheria, 2 
: deaths. 
| 

TLGHe Ger ch a ee ae aie J. W. Norris, M.D...|Each village is inspected by;Typhoid, 3 cases, 1 death.... 
at least two members of the 
Board. 

EGOITHONt Ghee wore cath. A. L. Brown, M.D ...|The township is divided into|Scarlatina, about 20 cases; 
four parts and an inspector] diphtheria, 4cases, 2deaths; 
appointed for each division.| typhoid, 7 cases. 

Edwardsburg ........ Se CraNiclieans. MD iite ie nena ae ae eee eee None this year.............. 

T. H. Barton, sani- 
tary inspector. 
Easthope, South...... Dr. Robert Whiteman. | PP SPO Ne rrr Pec titrate Diphtheria, 2 cases, 1 death ; 
_typhoid, 1 case. - 
HUSQUOSING Sok o's a o's No M.H.O.; D. Mc-|General inspection is made|None reported OP eat 
Guire, sanitary in-| in the month of May. : 
spector. 

HSTUE, Bets ataiacato clsls otis ela Ne bolo ate Tae c eT Pee CET ate ane eae ere es A number of cases of typhoid 
fever have occurred during 
the year; a few cases of 
diphtheria, 2 deaths. 

BU hort cuts he esate cent Thomas Douglas,M.D.!No general inspection; in-|Smallpox, 1 case ; diphtheria, 
spection only when com-| 12 cases, 2 deaths; a few 
plaint is made. mild cases of typhoid. 

GU DOLASIS cits ccc cise clos T. E. Bennett, M.D ..)Not to any great extent..... yphoid, 3 cases, 1 death.... 

LOU ag FUABb Re oese cs cla A. N. Holston, M.D.;|Each inspector makes two Scarlatina, 2 cases, 1 death ; 

James D. McKay,| visits to all factories,| diphtheria, 4 cases, no 
sanitary inspector ;| schools, slaughterhouses,| deaths; typhoid, 4 cases, 
Geo. Hotson, sani-| etc., in his division, and} 1 death. 
tary inspector. attends to any complaints. 
é@ 
GML V ivicees cay vate tas Ev. Cornwall) M.D st Nohet. ).-8 eon eee cleo. Scarlatina, 3 cases, 1 death ; 


diphtheria, 14 cases. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Isolation of con‘agi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State tagions diseases.| number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children inj Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-|_ municipality. How| how carried out. each. 
tion hospital, many vaccinated 
in 1895, 
Sake | 
No isolation ........ No“compulsory* vaC=(e rv cel ayes 2 ou + « Tensschoolagens scare | eaeeiaenr siatale aerate ree 


cCination; 357 
schoo! children in 
municipality. 


None needed this 
year. 


No; don’t know;!None used by Local 


Thirteen in tp.; 2 of|/Don’t know ........ 
quite a number. Board, 


these have 3 de- 
partments, 1 in 
Cookstown and 1 
in Angus. 


No isolation hospital;|No; children from 5|Bed clothes, ete.,|/Fourteen schools ; 1}Don’t know 
patients removed| to 16, 905; from 16} washed in solution| has 2 divisions. 
to remote parts of| to 21, 311. Can’t| bi-chloride; fumi- 
the house; in all] say how many vac-| gation with  sul- 


cases isolation is} cinated. phur. 
carried out far as 
possible. 
No hospital < =...... Not compulsory ....|None ............ . ITwenty-one; 22\/From 88 to 478; av- 
rooms; average in| erage 200 feet. 
each, 47. 
House quarantined ;|No ............ .»»-|By carbolic acid and|Six schools; 1 room|200 ..........0+ «- 
no isolation hospi- bi-chloride of lime.| in each, with one 
tal. exception, 
BN OTGE sites sisters "ot, 0 IN Oger ce ge Ne cera eck echoes Ue re ateie note eee PaO PE Te oie BE haters | Slate athumee epeermaee aletrrerene 


All cases isolated atj|Not made compul-|Followed instruc-|Twelve schools; 1 
home; all persons| sory, but a large] tions laid down by| room in each. 
are prevented going| numberof children| Provincial Board 


to the premises. were vaccinated. of Health. 
No hospital .. ..... INO sects oe hextpek tis To no great extent..|Number of schools,|...... Sagbt sa stoarrenne 
20; rooms, 22. 
IN ONG. §- TOMES ais Ss elers INot comp ulsor y;|House  thoroughly|Fourteen; mostly 1|Enough to satisfy 


1,157 ; cannot say. | cleaned under di-| room; average at-| School Inspector. 
rection of Inspec-| tendance 42. 
tor; carbolic acid 
in water and chlor- 
ide of lime freely 
used ; clothing and 
bedding washed 
and fumigated ; all 
| excreta buried or 


burned. 
Patients isolated in}No; 602 on rolls;/The directions on Twelve BCHOOIS 27° 11440405, maces : 
dwellings, which| none vaccinated. pamphlet No. 15] room in each; aver- 
are placarded. carried out. age attendance 20 


in each. 


217 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification}Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their} are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious] character and the number]. soil and sub-soil. 


only. 


Municipality. diseases. Are both} of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 
BUI OD. ir estos rae ee | ha se er atin ce ereR Ree Cad oS LaR ce niga esd grle oo Laude canal ACL EAGh nae Rey 
ERSTE i le a a aA None tna ula akc Comore None Scie tee Pry eels Clay soil mostly, and water 
| in most cases pure. 
PUPOTMIONG yas cee ate otic Not supplied ........ One creamery and 2 cheese|Abundant supply of water; 
factories; 1 employee to] loam, gravel and clay. 
each. 
Edwardsburg ........ Noy ieee a oe ee No facbories,. 404 vc6<<s paslecs wel ; principally clay and 
rock, 
Easthope, South...... Supplied to all M,D,’s,|One pump factory, 3 hands;|Wells and some natural 
| 1 woollen mill, 10 hands; 1) springs. 
furniture factory, 12 hands; 
1 furniture factory, 8 hands. 
POSUSSING Fo ket: NOS ON Fi coin doops ae | GU ee 21 WR De ae Wells..principally.........¢, 
| 
GEER ees atc ee een acl, ee eee | Seger pit ee cole eee ee ee Wells generally ; samples of 
{ water were examined in the 
vicinity of Hillsburg and 
found unfit for use unless 
boiled. 
LATTE aie icy oe Raina None supplied) gas nl sates taco ee J ee ee Soil, clay loam; limestone 
sub-soil. 
HUD DYABIA «ce tek culo. « Supplied to M.H.O.,.|One. cheese factory, 2 em-|Wells; rock, clay and sand. 
ployees. 
Zorra, East .s..... Sect WeOS ee ste ats h tra pee One cheese factory, 7 hands .|Wells. solely; all kinds of 
| soil ; water good. 
| 
Emily...... Diy AE, fe Supplied to Rie rd Bae oacaeeiace Natit x weante hie Oe ae Well water is used.......... 


218 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 35). A. 1896 


a 
TOWNSHIPS. —Continued. 


| 


| 
No. of} dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage/Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or| Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether| kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| b y dry earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how| tract or only by| closets. If so, is] sed and regulated ? 


of any examination| offal is disposed of.| householder, there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
of Berds for tuber- moval. Health Act.) 
culosis. . 


No large dairies ; the'None licensed, and|Have these things at-|Mostly privy pits ; 


eeVeerer eee ee eee eroesed 


farmers suppl'y| the Board have al tended to. some beginning to 
villages with milk.| good dealof trouble use dry earth 
in making owners closets: 
keep them clean. 
Cannot tell number|None licensed ...... By householder .... Dry earth closets ;)................ 5 rae 
of dairy cows; no no contract re- 
inspection. moval, 
ote SABA CAC EY mee Nonevlicensed yy Ars Varma e. whaet to 6 ys Sale EE IRA 
About 1,500 ; no ‘in-/Three; none licen-|Burn garbage ; night}. .............0..ceeleccccccccceccccccee, 
spection. sed ; think all offal) soil buried. 
is fed to hogs. 
Don’t know of any..|By householder.....|..... ISIE OPO ES | Sav cic.a disso cee terns Shale oghrdel at Tene eae 
Don’t know; no in-|/Four; none licensed.|..............-.006- Bate o's dics vicis cote seat [te eee Bo oto sant, eae 
spection, 
Nojin pection ...... Cwos no license 3271) 225 SS eee boaslyaas a trite cote re | ENS: OYUN 4.) 
Cannot say; some/Three in township ;|In villages cleaned|.................c0e|...ccecccceeeccccee. 
few cases of tuber-| offal put on land. out twice a year. 
culosis, 
No inspection ...... INOUOi 2S so cleaitars holt: Householder... .... | peice ee oe te eet ir sisislectacn hee biereets on aisle 


219 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). _A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Municipality. Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


sanitary inspector. general inspection. 

Erneston ..... veeeree| J. A. Mabee, M.D.; G.|Inspection of suspected prem-|Scarlatina, 1 case; [diph- 
Ferguson, sanitary ises and of all places com-| theria, 5 cases, 2 deaths ;. 
inspector. plained of. typhoid, probably, 15 cases, 

3 deaths. 

MUKITIC ate patie cee ate ue L. Hyttenranch, M.D.|When complaints are made Typhoid, 1 CARE A Seisielg Carnie 

the premises are inspected. 

Elderslie 2.3 ..6ss0cs¢ No WE HO oe eores Members of Local Board of|Scarlatina, 4 cases, 1 death ; 

Health are appointed sani-| diphtheria, 2 cases. 
tary inspectors in divisions. 

WAraday ere. << Wee ei Green. M-D.5: MH Os. ae teeters tae cee LNONG Tareas meen etd Qaekeee 
Thomas Stanger, san- 
itary inspector. 

EM TOVicwcrsccest as es We Ask vie MDss Helatecrce ss eras ak ein tn ete Scarlatina, 16 cases, 1 death ; 
W. Evans, sanitary diphtheria, 33 cases, 9 
inspector. deaths. 

Merrigs tess rides © .| J. B. Carruthers, M.D.;|Each member of the board to|Typhoid, 1 case............. 

BS A. Gendreau, sani-| report any contagious dis- 
tary inspector. ease. 

Mredricksburg, Wii...) None, os os. Pe een ack a Each member looks after his}Typhoid, 1 case............. 

own vicinity. 

Warllerton ss... cae as nets We HeArmstrong, MAD il seis oe cet oe ieee celceot Scarlatina, 15 cases ; typhoid,. 

; 9 cases, 
Wenclon: fetsj< 5 cas Seal an VV gL Way peed) be eidote icine Che cpa s ech Ne Sees Non@seresce fore ctae as eee 
Klamboro’, es >. 2255. JO uMcGréegorsM. Doran wigees See nee as A number of cases scarlet. 
fever; diphtheria, some 
cases, 

Garafraxa, E......... D.” Gear, csanitary sinc] jos p5:0508s meee te ote None?':2)... fetes PR ae 
spector. io 

Grimsby, S....... Stale ep UD ae wa Cieieleies cate raat Tee Sanitary inspector visits each|None reported............. 

house twice each year. 

GOWEry ING .g aa Nats ot es F, B. Harkness... ...-.. NGNG noi tater tees teksts None.i fei tiasa nee cae eee 

(SOY We ir ares SBN ee ate M. Ferguson, M.D ...|Inspection by members of the Noneste (oiweee ees es 


board in their districts. 


220 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A, 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Hasvazcination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State| tagious diseases.| number of rooms,} space to each pupil. 


State methods and! school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How] how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated! — 
i in 1895? 
Isolation in room of|No ....... ........ Some houses disin-|Seventeen; all 1/Mr. F. Burrows, of 
house. fected. room. Napanee, P.S.L., is 


tary report on 
schools. He says 
about 500 cubic ft. 


| preparing a sani- 


The dwelling of such|Not compulsory .... M.H.O. attends toit/Eleven schools; 12|................000% 
patients are pla- In a very satisfac-| rooms. 
carded; no hospital. tory manner. 
\ the ge RA Pe eget oa No; nearly all the|..................../Bleven schools; 11/Cannot BAY sr cecass 
children have been rooms. 
vaccinated. 
No regular system ..|S ome vaccination|Burnt sulphur and/jSix schools in town-|.... ........0s. rene 
done in 1894 not] carbolic acid. ship; 1 room in 
very successful. each; average at- 
tendance, 24, 
No isolation hospital.| Unknown ; certainly|Unknown.......... Seven schools..::...|.. Pat ea eet be Met 
not compulsory. 
No isolation hospital.|Not this year. ..... Burn: sulphur and! Four ; one room in'Don’t knowin) .ncs. 


saltpetre ; use car-| each. 
bolic acid, white- 
washing the house. 


INOHG sce eae NONGee ane re eel cote tots Sig eg ae Nmestot nee. Don’t know ........ 
Placard dwelling; nol No mer wc. eee e(Sulphiin fnmipabion st vivena ces tenho bee aces ania ee 
hospital, carbolic acid vapor; 
clothing boiled. 
NONE Is, Sacer: nae itn Ost Oe DURHOS VAC-| NONE Ts etc ene ieee Ten Schools’;:2 rooms! ys... sccac acne preset 
cination. in 3, 
LS igh aia igi a Ea ee DO ee ee Disinfoctantesused . 1iier vee nse ek a, be eecobeee eee 
| 
ER etre Or ae | Seach celta Poteet es ate Hightcss ween cen eee ee ee 
Hite eriplaceacied Sun ere Spee ees eee Prat aes ie A rina Ee Red Ie DS es ROSA Meats 
In cases of necessity Not compulsory -....h....... mes wkd swe. |Sevens 1 room Lif: Sh ae ee Sere protee seceiate 
the M. H. O. at: each; 1 with 2 
tends to it. rooms, 
ei neeeen gt ‘02.1, !Not compulsory ; 850) Houses are disinfect-|Twelve; No. 1—1/Cannot BBY Soveledsare 
in municipality. ‘ed under instruc-| room, atten. 30; 
tions of family; 2—1, 25; 3—1, 40;! 
physician. 4—1, 40; 5—1, 35; 


6—1, 30; 7—1, 40; 
8—1, 30; 9—1, 25; 
10—1, 30; 11—1,| 
47; Union No. 3, | 
] room, atten. 35, | 


« ee ue haem men mc be Ts RE PN spd eed bk 


221 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35. A. 1896 4 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification 
by teachers and M. 
H. O. of contagious 


Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
stitutions. State their char-| are used give character ot 
acter and the number of| soil and sub-soil. 


Municipality. diseases. Are both| employees in each. © 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
Hpneston ....a- +0226 .| Both supplied ........ Two woollen factories, 6 to 8; Wells ; clay and sand; usually 
hands, clay sub-soil. 
1a ty (bt a see) ene Supplied and both|Two cheese factories employ-|A great many wells: charac- 
make use of them. ing 3 hands each. ter of soil varies. 
Elderslie ..... Bers a V 0803. 6d ene sure st os Two cheese factories, 1\Soil, gravel, clay and sand‘ 
creamery, employing 3] sub-soil, blue clay. 
hands in each. 
WATROBY, 6 velcro 2 atte ye 5 NGis ORs ects dare ett sts One, saw Mill it... so soe. cence Wells are chiefly used ; sandy 
goil with quick sand. 
HAtZrOV ews tec aes tees ! Se Vd a SPR eS One woollen factory ..... nal ae cones $v apie wieuuesate cota oF 
MOLTiS Sowa as sheet IN OTOL nee suse Shae NONG suse steer steric Wells and springs .......... 
| 
Hredrigkesburg, Name 2. NOW. 5's sete cue co em ee Three cheese factories ; 9]...0..ccccscceccees is see cater 
hands. 
Fullerton ... .. Ge sell NO S1NO. «ona cee Three cheese factories, em-|Wells; clay, with gravel and 
ploying 4 men; 1 sawmill] sand. 
and factory, 6 men. 
Fenelon ....... wae oa en N Oe oe oti Crem at cee INOne ig as sss sds 8 nlecee teaienlesd'| a uae oie atie tote etcla dere ete oe Seen 
Flamboro’, E.........| .-- nieces pla soles eee ee sheen ae ge OY CHET een Ce SUSE 
Garafraxa, EB .........| ceceee cece ce ceceneoes. None) 2. Ua cia ree ames Leaclenens de>» actos eet ete nee 
Grimsby, 8......... alles sete evi «os sitine vie nie | a flgeintate SAWhsk icing are sha he eRe bo: | bas sGie ¢ eut:O ul tilets ioe Nie eee er 


Gower, N......... ..| None supplied The soil chiefly clay, sandy. 


loam and gravel. 


Pee eeereeleor reo eeee ser eeeeeeereeeeeeee 


Loam and gravel. ......... 


RAT OV ci siens acy ..-...| No forms supplied ....|Four cheese factories, 1 em- 
ployee in each. 


| 


"999 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How] whether by con- by dry _earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how] tract or only by} closets. If £0, is} sed and regulated ? 


of any examination| offal is disposed of.| householder, there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval? Health Act.) 
culosis, 
SRP ee tere af a about.10' in. summer: flouseholder:..2.4° 010... craen.0 eee toaenias | tu see ee ee 
all isolated. 
| 
Don’t: know ©... None licensed ...... Householder........ TEs Lada See | wi apes: cate chat ok eR Ones 
j 
6,295 cattle in tp.;no|None .............. BSS Ae heey 1 Maren Be PAS deg rns Gath nega ah fad CARRIER Ce eu ou ae eleohteae 
cases of tuberculosis 
reported this year. 
About 300 cows; no Noregularslaughter- By householder..... No regular system ..|None. 
inspection ; nu ex-| houses. 
amination. 
Not known ........ None licensed ...... | PES Ce gonsta ae iden AR Sag | Sih tae Sere esa, None. 
No dairy cows...... IN ONGC eens ot ‘Honeehoider eee es | SMart a te tee ye None. 
| | 
Don’t know ........ INONGt oe oe) Oe ok | MEatehtliog- Melee tara! stelle ec lisvensretetens tusks ctelere tes mate | aoe) oleye steve tal oteielorereherarete 
gale tp ee ea |None ... es oes whistle ba 'bee ceo oN See eae 
a eR Iria ae oe ee rt . Ps 
Bee aaa orr fe, Fee a Catalog foe Ca LTE eg Spite Mai ae BE ee 
1A ee) ee pea rk Baek pe a Nons ee ele kc cjeteaboreronets ---.|None 
| | | 
| POA EASES, SOLO O04, BE L.8). 68 RVC B BLR Oe 8 ee B88 8. e..e) 6 ww ele. e [ia oe; here! eevee 6 
a Pars TORR ee CE AE [Poet eee eeeeesceeees ent sign CRO 
No inspection ...... be slaughterhouse ;|By householders....|By householders. ... IN one. 
offal goes into Ri- 
deau river, 
ARR Say Me pap OS Re One slaughterhcuse ;/By householder ....|Dry earth closets ...' None. 
well drained. | 
ae ea rg aml ee a ee ee 


223 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Met oalit Names of M.H.O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
Me a! sha sanitary inspector. general inspection. 

Gwillumbury, W Note him aes Os eae ees eeren ae poker No cases reported this year. . 

Gwillumbury, N...... None2 Caz. te ee Irn Oke tay Serge ume eae entra Diphtheria 3 cases .......... 

Cianfordies: «cea te cate (kta ie eet a bine) ahaa atplaPede hy Siete HERS Ae ote shes lone te ra/e pa eee Sanitary condition of the 

; oe township was such as not 

to require the interference 
of the health officers ; ty- 
phoid 1 case. ° 

Gwillumbury, E...... No M. H. O. Chas.|Inspector issued notices to!Diphtheria, 8 cases ; typhoid, 
H. Haines, Samuel] inhabitants tu clean up| 12 cases. 

Vandwater, sanitary| premires, etc. 
inspectors. 

PT OUOLICI i biislesle alerts sete | tala Man area oe : We ile raphe. + Baatet us Cueee rete cote No reports of any contagious 

| disease were received, and 
no complaints made during 
the year. 

Greenock 1 .4/: 5/24). No M. H. O._ Lewis/All slaughterhouses, cheese Scarlatina, 4 cases; diph- 
Lamb, W.G. Ritchie,| factories, school houses, in-| theria, 3 cases; typhoid, 7 
sanitary inspectors. spected. cases. 

Grimsby, N.......... J. W. Oliver, M.D....|No inspection .............. Diphtheria, 8 cases, 1 death ; 

Vesta ee ease . of en - typhoid, 2 cases: » 
LF GOFPINAL ¥,. 7.6 os 20/02 T.:C... Nobhs, M.D ai Noinanectiony.. os. <. sn ss Diphtheria, 5 cases ; typhoid, 
4 cases. 
{ > 
| | 
QTAGCATIge c eee seh; J.T. Dowling, M.D..'None-..... ... teas hdl A ae ae Scarlatina, 6 cases; diph- 


theria, 9 cases, 1 death; 
typhoid, none. 


Gainsboro’. ..........|J. W. Calver, M.D.|When complaints are receiv-|Scarlatina, 2 cases ; typhoid, 
‘ The other four mem-| ed, inspection is made. 8 cases. 
. bers of ‘the board are 
sanitary inspectors, 


Grimsby, 0%. cs. hve a. N. P. Henning, M.D../T wo general inspections of|Diphtheria, 1; typhoid, 5. .. 
D. Huntsman, sani-| villages, part of the muni- 
tary inspector. cipality annually. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-/Number of schools,;Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State} tagious diseases.; number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How; how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895. | | 
RNa wi Folie wa'e wp » No vaccination ....|As directed by phy-|Fourteen ; all single|Schools all large .... 
sician when found| rooms with one ex- 
necessary. ception. 
In dwelling of pat-|None .............. By order of physician|Seven schools -......|...sseseceseeeeecess 
ients. in attendance, 
No hospital; houses|No; don’t knOW;].......++..seeeeeeee Fifteen schools...... Sufficient .......... 


placarded and iso-| about 750 school 
lation enforced by} children. 
Board and M.D. 


weer cero cree s cer ceese sr eseesessecseecereseo{ rs er22s 2 COBH FHS ESF Oe EeEleeererer a eoeEeeZesEeseeEe/ZeeeeFeeeres: 2eeeeees 


Placard houses and|N ot compulsory ;|Carbolic acid and!Nine; two with 2/About 200... . 
prohibit inmates| don’t know. fumigation with] rooms; average at- 
from _ mingling sulphur, etc. tendance 55. 
with the public. 


INONOE. ss saate parates INDis? we pce ans WR a tes leacbaiie acid and/Six schools; 7 rooms.|Ample space........ 
sulphur ; paper re- 
moved and walls 


whitewashed. 
Patients isolated in|No; 418; don’t know.|Premises disinfected|Six ; 8; cannot give}...............e00e- 
all cases. under directions of} attendance. 
attending physi- 
cian. 
Houses isolated ; no|No ; about 350 school|H ouse fumigated|Seven ; 7 ..........[. cece eeee cece eee 
hospital. children; none| with sulphur; 


vaccinated in 1895.| clothing with chlor- 
ide solution ; priv- 
ies, cellars and out- 
buildings with cop- 
peras water. 


WONG. its: osteo INOS aes eae Clothing thoroughly|Eleven; 11 ........J..... ccc cece eens 
aired ; house fumi- 
gated. 
Placard; no hospital.|N ot compulsory ;'Fumigation as per/Seven; oneschooll.................... 
don’t know. pamphlet issued by| has 3 rooms; six, 1 
Provincial Board| room each. 
of health. 


— 


15 4H. 225 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). : A. 1896 


—eee—e——eeeVOOOOee rr eee eee 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 


Naren Ut by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
fe Daly H. O. of contagious} character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both} of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
Gwillumbury, W. ....|/Don’t know .......... None sac aca si ache ee Generally abundant ; soil 
variable. 
Ra WVALLIDVOUSY , IN ooh ae al 22 a adhys ine itl saci Sore INORG satan eus eo Splendid well water ; mostly 
heavy clay sub-soil. 
CTBT LORDS fo. eta Sa wake wel vil cp. acessinsoset te ace wkd alates CMP Cae «pee ACS Basie AcN'G GR ca eR CE Tn Sect ca 
Gwillumbury, E...... To physicians only ...|T'wo cheese factories, 3 hands|Wells ; clay; gravel ........ 
in each ; 1 woolen factory, 
8 hands; 1 sash and door 
factory, 6 hands. 
DO PVIGH ee cs ot ve aed ay ants id ccs testo PARR E RAEI oe Re eee ener eae sree ed's Ud [inne,e suena tise hole 9, sitsaicer oe eee 
Grennock (3 hae.s6: ik Forms supplied ...... Two cheese factories, 4 hands.|Wells and springs; sub-soil 
varies from gravel to blue 
| clay. 
SIMS VIAN 3. bho hake 2 AOS gk cick cat ae IN ONO te et aitce Res Ga gale ae Clay soil and sub-soil........ 
ECOL MINLD alvin edie ae ores Notorms supplied}... s-ivjcseds eae ee ene Zien ead W ells svall kindsa. oes 
RSTAREAIT ate, Paths No fo rm @jsupphed ss). a, wan eee Wee meme Lakes, springs, running 
physicians usually streams and wells; soil 
notify Board. principally loam. 
Gaineboro’s 0 2%. F4.00% None; no3.no........ None (4) cg eon eee Wells and cisterns; soil, clay; 
loam, sub-soil clay. 
SLITOSOY AS token tee tee NOR SC VOS kieoe us hianes One cheese factory, em-|Wells; soil clay, sub -soil 


ployees 3 hands. rock, 


| 226 | | 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or| Give number li-| and ni ght soil,} posed of, whether! kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How] whether by con-| by dry earth] trades. How licen-: 
tion? Give details} drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is| sed and regulated ? 


offal generally 


MMIC NG ire sah Lees AMS. Ich el® ns seen oF, seh eiiccene Tote (ahs. | loyissishoill ge /'al:s taneliol oii o lol Mialselis fie) eeceiant) op atehete cele e/ia.0 have lieve eis: che. 8 etoeaare te 


of any examination; offal is disposed of,; householder. there contract’ re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
of herds of tuber- moval. Health Act.) 
culosis. 

Don't-knowss 2.) ys.) Nonett.5 ait ee: an [Saeeie Pe ols. wa pide Be BR ARI ART Dg None 

IN Operas ets ath oe 3 None. 2.5 ace. ea PPP cg SERRE oar kt meee Raila c Out 2 ONE Re 

| 

About 1,000; no in-|E Ugh tesslaughter-)}Mouseholdér:/).....<¢):}s.9) Ol odl ey ek on hice ‘Lait ree ee 

spection. houses; no license ; 


Approximately 2,000|Five slaughter-'By householder ..../Dry earth closets;/Five slau ghter- 


cows; no regular| houses; drained. no contract remov-| houses; licensed 
system of inspec- al, and inspected. 
tion. 
No medical or veteri-|None .............. By householder ..../Dry earth closets. ..|None. 
nary inspection. 
Cannot say; some|None ........... jeba hd atahe Ww ARs intets Guke mA | ote ye he kD, «|None. 
dairy cows have 
been inspected by 
veterinary. 
OT Byer cn 2% a hrs One ; not licensed ../By householder ... | earth closets ..|None. 
Don’t know; no in-|None .............. By householder ....|None ..:........ ..|None. 
spection, 
ef 
Don’t know; No;/None .............. By householder ....].... tapers Pa ye None. 
HONG ree ete share 


« 


ee en SAT a SHOPS EERSTE SI FOP ee Oa ee te 
227 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
Gosfield, N -.......... G. McKenzie, M.D.;|No system of general inspec-| Diphtheria, 6 cases.......... 
James Bennett, sani-| tion; when cases are re- 
tary inspector. ported, inspection follows. 
Glanmorgan.......... None appointed ......].......sc0e atdeah ait Gm eee tes Diphtheria, 18, 4 deaths .... 
Gloucester............ —-Kennedy, Mii Doses cle ts gabe ott tien anlis s00 beer |Diphtheria, 51 cases, 16 
deaths; scarlet fever, 23 
cases, 2 deaths. 
Glenelg 25. S40) stoi ciee James Gunn, M.D. ../Township divided into five|Scarlatina, 40 cases, 5 deaths; 
districts for inspection pur-| Diphth ip ria, 4 cases, 1 
poses. death; typhoid fever, 5 
cases, 1 ‘deat 
ARGOLGOLL © heete nitty bce diace,| Seis ead y ortig a aha Sena Geet ae None ioe. ones es eteires ens NOnG@i.ji0 bs cae glory Coats Sane 
Garafraxa, W ........ James Dow, M.D.; W.|/All school houses, slaughter-[Scarlatina, number not 
C. Cowan, sanitary houses, yards and closetsin|. known; diphtheria, num- 
inspector. Bellwood, odieg bee ber not known ; typhoid, 
| 8 cases. 
\ 
| | 
Hullett-3 i ssi ceesss ee. Thomas: Agnew, Mi D.d en. cage cere scee keep cc ns Eleven cases typhoid........ 
Hamilton-.sscisrsssae's None appointed this}No general inspection this|None reported lat ictabake aie aan aie 
year. year, 
Hibbert iris e 2GA 0. None appointed ...... The board, in committee, in-} Diphtheria, 3 cases, 2 deaths. 
spected school premises, etc. 
Hungerford .......... INONG Sete Aue 


° 
° 
° 
° 
° 
° 
. 
° 
. 
° 
. 
° 
e 
. 
. 
. 
2 
° 
° 
° 
e 
e 
e 
2 
° 
° 
° 
e 
. 
. 
e 
° 
e 
e 
° 
e 
° 
° 
e. 
. 
° 
e 
° 
° 
e 
° 
° 
. 
° 
° 
° 


Hawkesbury, E.......| No M.H.O.; U. Pilou,|No general inspection made.|Diphtheria, 11 cases, 8 deaths 
sanitary inspector. 


) 


Hagarty, Sherwood, ois. . 5 i's. vse csle te tee cwetaue Sanitary inspector and physi-|Scarlatina, 2 cases .......... 
Jones, Richards and clans report all contagious 
Burns. diseases. q 
228 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1596 


TOWNSHIPS.— Continued. 


Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
Isolation of contagi-| compulsory ? State] tagious diseases.; number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
ous diseases.| school children in' Give details and| and attendance in 


State methods and| municipality. How| how carried out. each, 
whether any isola-| many vaccinated 
tion hospital. in 1895, 


H o uses placarded ;|Not this year ; about} Houses ordered to be\Seven; 1 room in|/From 235 to 537 cu- 
children prohibited| 558 children in| whitewashed; new] each; No. 3%, ta, 2,| bic feet to each. 
from attending] municipality;| wall paper put on:| 17, ¢#, 4%, $4. 


school. none. i all clothing washed 
and fumigated. 
Placarding infected|Don’t know of any|Under the supervis- Six; 1 room in each ;|Don’t know ........ 
houses and closing| person being vacci-| ion of the medical] cannot give attend- 
them, nated during the] attendant. ance, 
year. 
Placarding infected|No; 895 children ;|Cleaning clothing|...........-seseeseelewees Lott wee a ueies 
houses and isola-| none vaccinated. and fumigating in- 
tion in families un- fected houses. 


der direction of 
family physician. 


BNONO est ok 20 ints ars N 0 € » compulsory. 3|..% 2.468. Wd ves oh ra Four schools; No, 3,,|Don’t know ...... 
about 125 children as, Ay ts 
in municipality. 
Patients kept in sep-/Not compulsory this|Walls ceilings and|Eight schools ...... Don’t know ........ 
arate room. | year; all school| floors washed with 


children were vac-| carbolic acid solu- 

cinated in 1894, tion (one in 40); 
sulphur burned in | 
rooms; bedding, 

clothing washed, | 


boiled and fumi- 


gated. 
NOE eee i ae NPS INOWiveees tae omeaor Be PELOSI shai Blevenoschole: tin...) 2 vit eee ee ees 
No isolation hospital|Not this year ...... No contagious dis-/Eighteen public/Don’t know....--.. 
eases this year. schools. 
RE, CoN ga date tel? Sie Not compulsory ....|Not required .....,/Ten schools, with 1]... ........+ssee0:- 
room each. 
IMOTOL. See ook seas No; none reported..|None ... .......+-- Eighteen ; 1 room in|250..........e+..- 
each; average about 
* | 25. 
Under instructions of|No; 1,658 school|Carbolic acid used in|Twenty-five schools 3/155 ..........--..+- 
attending physi-| children; don’t} most cases. 28 rooms; average 
cian. ‘| know how many attendance about 
vaccinated, 30 in each. 
Patients are kept|Number school child-|All places are thor- Seven schools; 1 room|600 cubic feet ..... ; 
confined to thel reninmunicipality,| oughly disinfected] in each. 
house. 675. | by physicians. 


Sn nnn Da -SEEEEEEEEERES 


229 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


———_ — 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


Water supply. Where wells 
are used give character of 
soi] and sub-soil. 


Forms for notification]|Number of factories and in- 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their 


H. O. of contagious] character and the number 


| 
Municipality. diseases. Are both] of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
TEORMEIGHUN 2 Sie RL Ses ‘| No forms supplied ....|One cheese factory, 2 persons| Wells; mostly clay soil ..... 
employed in each. 
Glanmorgan.......... Dont knows ete lNone sAehcial et ait NN ee en Wells; sandy soil .......... 
STISUGORDOL Me staan tors Bi. cin gti em nace ae oR Ne TRS nO | trace RS | wiaiel pavag.(oface Sia Met aetete a eee ee 
TIONOLP oer hie eee Physicians supplied ..|None ..... .....-3.... sce. | Ot a Hl aS Jel dlla tape len, Sraek Reena 
frordonwes cin een tee oe None supplied ........ ln ONG. aR OMe PORE Wells used; clay loam sub- 
soil; quick sand. 
| 
Garafraxa, W..... ..| M.H.O. supplied and/None ........... . -eee. | Wells and springs; clay and 
makes use of them. sand. 
) 
PVallebtcn yak oe NOG isa ees Two; butter and cheese ....|Clay, gravel and sand ...... 
Hamilton eft \.225 27, No forms supplied..../Three cheese factories ; 3/All kinds of soil ...... 2.17: 
hands in each. 
Hibberbipyk os. aes «ak No forms used........ iOne cheese factory ; 3 hands. |Ordinary wells and springs. . 
| 
Tungerfords. o.)..a4ce sent exe ey As Thirteen cheese factories; 3/By wells; water enerally 
hands in each. | good; clay and clay loam 
and gravel sub-soil. 
Hawkesbury, E...... Physicians aresupplied|Eighteen cheese factories, 2}/Wells; clay soil, sand and 
men in each; 6 carriage] gravel sub-soil. 
shops, 3 in each. : 
| 
Hagarty, Sherwood, | Yes; FOS. Gi oa, Nogfactories® sic sitssectc ace \Wells and Spring) teehee es 
Jones, Richards and 
Burns. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage/Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or] (+ive number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether} kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How; whether by con-| by dry earth! trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how} tract or only by! closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 


of any examiua-| offal is disposedof.}| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for | moval ? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis. 

Don’t know; nocases/Two; drained by}...... peta es SX G7 a ae, coeeariatae, NTS eae None except slaugh- 
of tuberculosis. ditches; offal fed ter houses; no li- 

to hogs, cense, 

NOE known; no in:|NOnGa,..u-c.see. . 5 By householder ....|Some dry earth clos-|None. 
spection. | ets. 

= ey te MERA Whee Oar Ox PEDig mer orst ier cteinis, fear [eel aw ale eeare Wea ears. orere alate: Renee aha e aeee ts Neen 


enced some difficul- 
ty with pigs and 
slaughterhouses, 


eoerseecee rere esr Oe ae ee 


About 250 cows; nojNone .............. Householder........ Dry earth closets; no| None. 
inspection. contract removal. 


No dairy cows; nojO ne; not licensed;|Garbage and night|Dry earth closets ;)/None. 


inspection made. offal is burned and] soil burned and| contract removal 
drained into Gramd| buried by house-| in some cases. 
River. | holder. 
| | 
IN OWES an tts. cles One ie ts Sere tale ae Cae ee ea seeks ome aces cele Not any 


Don’t know; no in-|Three ; licensed ; of-|By householder ....|Dry earth closets ...|None. 
spection, fal buried. 


No slaughterhouses .|Garbage and night|Closets ........ ... None. 
soil disposed of by 
means of closets, by 
householder. 


No disease amongst 
the cattle this year. 


About 5,400 cows;/2 slaughterhouses ;|Disposed by house-|Dry earth closets ...|None. 
no ; none. not licensed ; offal} holder. 
buried or burned. 


About 5,000; no!5 slaughterhouses ; |Each farmer has his].................06. None. 
medical or veterin-| mnonelicensed;some| own way of dispos- 
ary inspection. bury offal, others} ing of it. 
boil it and feed to 
pigs. | 
About 1,200 milch|None ..... ........ Put on land that is|Dry earth closets ...|None. 
_ cows in municipal- cultivated by house- 
ity ; no inspection. holder. 


231 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


| Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
EL ay ee ee eee owe Ne sie eis — Buchannan, M.D...|School houses and _ public|No cases reported .......... 
places inspected once a ¥ 
| year. 

Haryey ...2..%.:. - .¢tet OLB. BonnelleM. D Glee ens deta ¢ oul oe ee aes eee Two families had diphtheria. 

PIO WATO 2 cy cee. eideselters Ao Ji Stevenson, MiDei| sehen ici. a piste rar abees Were Scarlatina, 2 cases; typhoid, 
F. Arnold, sanitary 6 cases. 
inspector. 

Hillier evar. c8 cis ve J. B. Ruttan, M.D ...|No inspection . ............ Diphtheria, 2 cases, mild 

type. 

HLOWICK Gee 58s sue sei A. M. Spence, M.D...|/The board inspects as a body.|Scarlatina, 3 cases; diph- 

theria 3 cases. 

Harwich ..... ee tiee J. McCully, M.D..... On complaint, the sanitary|Scarlatina, 2; diphtheria, 1; 

inspector sent, and reports| typhoid 1. 
| in writing. 

PLODO See vhs fs chins oe a ele A. C. Beatty, M.D.;|Personal inspection by sani-|Scarlatina, 2 cases, 1 death ; 
Jokn Mcllroy, sani-| tary inspector. typhoid, 1 case, 1 death. 
tary inspector. 

Houghton -..2204. «4: — Johnston, M.D...) 5.2606 sys te ones Be ee SA Typhoid in one family, 1 

death. 

Huntington .......... E. Harrison, M.D.; H.|Inspection done by sanitary|..........-+- pe ane Na. ode Deas 

ood. inspector. 

Humberstone ....... ¥. M. Haney, M.D.;|Uspector visits places to|Diphtheria, 2 cases ; typhoid, 
E. Augustine, sani-| which his attention has| 1 case. 
tary inspector. been called. 

Howe Island ..... a | —— Ryan; ME Der acl cus Fs Spee Sede he iatelnleattotn is Township free from all con- 

tagious diseases in 1895. 

Hinchinbrook .. ..... AS Lockhart, Mi Diss. Noneiiesintee tates crete cies None »s 6s oie, oo eee 

med Ocey iin eee pat han a oe | APG Micro te Biase Ashen LM zed Reig. need esh reas eens, None?) isi. sas ek bee eevee 

DIY or adit eee 5 Sis et oe —Carmichael, M.D.|Each member of the Board|None ........... -...-+--- 

inspects that portion of his 
township in which he re- 
sides. 

Kaladari ey A cas tecet ¢ Noné-appointed wits cae | deemeu/os es . alah ite Sur ureters NoOn@ i... 56. otic cgaicte te Seem 

IIGESiR aetideie os ert J. S. Tennant, M.D. Meets is made by each|Diphtheria, 7 cases, 1 death ; 
no sanitary inspector.| member of the Board. typhoid, 3 cases. 


| 
SOA La a is, SIME TG ae tT 10 


232 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). | A. 1896 
TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi- 
ous diseases. 
State methods and 


Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con-/Number of schools,/Average cubic air 
compulsory? State] tagious diseases.} number of rooms,| space to each pupil, 
school children in} Give details am'| and attendance in 


whether any isola-} municipality. How] how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895. 
ene SENS tality Sie ade cask Saji Sh sis wisle'e oh ceie| Sieoaretay he sins Vso ee Fifteen « schoola's)319| fe. 32.5. «sce eek ce or 
| rooms. 
LA cae AACE ere None ..............]Physicians in charge|Sixteen schools ....|.......0-eeeseecece 


disinfect houses, 


— «= 


Placarding houses ..|No ............-..- M. H. O. attends to]............2..-. APN Mier cna: soccer: A 
this matter, 
M.H.O. placards the|No; no ; about 1,400,M. H. O. disinfects.|Eighteen schools ; 20]...............e00. ‘ 
premises, | rooms ; 74. 
Dwellings placarded.|Not compulsory ....|Carbolic acid used|/Twenty-one schools..|Don’t know ....... : 


freely; soiled cloth- 
ing burned. Walls 
whitewashed ; sul-| 
phur burned. 


Placarding and iso-|Not compulsory;|Under direction of|Eighteen 1 in each].................6- A 
lation of inmates, 1,375 children m| M.H.O. school. 
municipality. 
Pcs Wate arelare te oko <2 ARO DEPSONSIAVACCIN: orev tiv tae Paes eae See et aren eke a Atle a cie's 44 [case ers aielele mapeentet meters Boe 
ated. 
eee eA ks he 4. a c.c'6 058 IN Gane ielcniaete tae on. oe Len FeCctiOn wa Wilt byl WELVO) soc sce cre oles be slabis cvleleeas olecciuce 


sulphur fumes, etc. 


No hospital, AaahtaNS vaccination this|Hot turpentine spray| Nine schools ; 3 rb, ih About 300 cubic feeb. 
Lf) 


areisolatedin their| year. by inhaler and| =, sh, 2s, 2%, 
rooms. burningofsulphur,| <4, <* 
etc. 
ee fe: -eveeeseees---|About 60; none in ep, (es esr ne | Bours 4 TOOMBS an, Ue aol Begs vot so eitas colette 


1895; all vaccin- 
ated in 1894. 


PF I Don’t know ........|None .,........ee0e[ se dain Roasts tops hataeae ce nktiers 
We achat Socata a 6 £8 Ne ates Pe oe eit [Lee veneers cle tise |HOME: cacti cutsvaicla ries.o [ls ates « waletee cre moe ramets 
INORG ta toncecstica % No OO @ NONGi cies Li ei ine ch cles oe WG Ss tine ites acsts te Don’t know ........ 
NOTIO were ccatns Sees IN OMGIES clea coe & Mia ee No contagious dis-|Nine; one room in|Don’t know ...... ae 
eases of any kind. | each, with one ex- 
ception. 
By placarding the|Cannotsayhow many|Looked after by M.|Ten schools ; attend-|........ oh eae ect 
premises, | HO; ance, 56 in each. 


233 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-}Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M,| stitutions. State their} are used give character of 
pit be H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
Municipality. diseases. Are both! of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 


TLAEVOY sree e Bes sh eae | sien ae hd ebicct Ceres |e elGott wile dass nals co pala ale? aletitar ct) atatehecyte +) ee taatemase elstcitra annem 
MLOWATO FOS ewes eae eae | eh ET NR Ae Ee AEST OS BO Ros Nt Se all a ne Kc a ee 
1s DUDES Seay pean Ae ee M.’H. O. uses them ..|One evaporator, 10 hands .. Cay limestone, gravel and 
rock. 

PLO WICK tee ee tee CRIA iene tet Gree aA ..-.../Three cheese factories, 3 em-|Springs; clay loam and gravel 

ployees in each. ; 
Liar wich eos ooo I NOone.1 leg con eee eee Four saw-mills ............ Wells; gravel soil.......... 
120) Tae eee Pe No:formy) 0. ete Two cheese factories, 2 hands Soil varies from heavy clay 

in each. to gravel. 
Horghton en) Svat Mies On tle sate ee teat beteieneace ko: cornet | is, is) oe'e.n 8% ose atavensta ie S18, ene ene 
HI UNGIORtOM wees. ce och None supplied........ Five cheese factories, 3 em- Chiefly limestone formation. 

ployees in each. | 

| . 
Humberstone ........ None supplied........ Eleven cheese factories, 2 Wells chiefly sandy loam ; 
| hands in each; silver plat-| sub-soil clay and rock. 

ing factory, 60 hands; 2 

cabinet shops, + hands in 

each ; 1 foundry, 5 hands ; 

2 carriage shops, 9 hands; 

2 harness shops, 3 hands; 1 

glass factory, 15 hands. 
Howe Island .... .... Wo forms used. ia he poe ere aes beet ee River St. Lawrence ........ 
Elinchinbrook ........ Don’t use any ........ None but cheese factories..../Gravel and sandy loam...... 
RL GCOVINT ne cee SED ca licka cain oie atau e "sone es Sere Non@i: wie sat. soe ee be ate lete Spring ks chess. reas can eee 
OL eer k (eee ek Not supplied ....../.. NOn6 eee ee Akon ewe Sandy loam; sub-soil hard 

pan. 
Kaladareee bin od Not aware of any..... ae cheese factories ...... All wells and springs ; sandy 
| | soil, principally gravel sub- 

RCINLOBS ‘aise niwen x oe sents Don’t know .....,-...|Two cheese factories and one| Wells and running springs .. 


creamery ; 2 hands in. 


234 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses. 
Is there medical or] Give number li-, ‘and night soil,} posed of, whether 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| b y dry earth 
tion? Givedetails; drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 
of any examina-; offal is disposed of,}| householder. | there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 

tion of herds for | moval ? | Health Act. 

| 


| 
Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How ds Stat number and 
kind of noxious 
trades. How licen- 


tuberculosis. 


—s —_—_—_—r—X—Xs—s—————————————__OOOOOO oS | SS SS ES 


Mee DRAC ce caC acre a VETae” Gil lope alee ass neu cue see) 48 enal/sveret o4|Ssuenere'd aiie eleie. a) Bh ene.ro-iai, ahetie||leliede.e sets sme, e ior elah'e) ots chs; «| ararayeracoalieretere hein eens 


SS) 976, 8) a. ele bye ae, eo lelt: 6 8. 6 el io f 0 6-06 sue Ole Ole pepe 6, « Cus ous 


NONE aE dak occ. Three; satisfactorily] ie... .0.0 oles. :. 
attended to. 


| 
| 
Don’t know ; no. None Tire aye oes Householder........ | PR ak bake air as Be One fish phosphate 


allowed by council. 
efit see Sater ce tees Wns see ere cree HL OOSeh Older. .sco2c hoe ke ee eee adhe 21a v shee Mev eee Mererane 
No inspection ...... 4 slaughterhouses ; |Householder........ No dry earth closets. |None licensed. 


offal fed to hogs. 


Cannot furnish the|About16inP’rt EH Gpe fare eee Gere ds Dry earth closets|None. 
number; no inspec-| & Hope Township; . principally. 
tion, none licensed. | 
eG Ss ETON ce se 3” slaughterhouses ;-|Householder. io... | sie c. o a eo. cat ones J oe ae ene 
not licensed. 
Soper ek rie te te .ccee Four open drains ;|Householder........|Dry earth closets ;|None. 
offal disinfected ; no. | 
drains also disin- 
fected. | | 
eADOUL 400 seule te NONGe Ee eri ceases Householders ...... Dry. earth::<. 2... <0 Nonet \o8 See 
| 
Don’t know ........ INSTI Pa ee tal cee sie Dike ete ee Ce TOLL oy PRR a oan Pee lea ate erin Nene 
et ae a NONGga td Wer ee corer rams Sats: ob ose s [Pmraah sta te eh ok (Eee a Ae 
297 cattle in town-|None .. ........... Householder.,...... Not contract........ Noten. Yoo amen 
ship; no inspec- 
tion. | 
About 800 cows; no;'One; none ........./In the OMUINALy WAY: |: crasetoe ee ners: cs None. 
none. 
‘Ten cows, exclusive of jOne; no science ;|By householder ..../Putonland ........ | None : 
farmers’ stock ; no} cannot say. 
examination, | 


235 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


ena 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector.. general inspection. 
Municipality. 

Kappel soda credo cck | codes [eee e newt ace oe emp essinds crepes scscuounare yy as Three deaths from contagious. 
diseases; 38 deaths occur- 
red in township for the year: 
from all causes in a popula- 
tion of 3,874. 

Kennebec ............ John R.tHelm, MG Deri ee te sie cc cerlesroeeem iets © NOnC(, axetewh o's sucen tesa 

Kincardine ......ce.. Thomas Bradley, M.D,;|........-.eerereeeerercaree Typhoid, 11 cases, 3 deaths. . 

R. Mackenzie, sani- 
tary inspector. 
RAN PALON Ge osc pes oie NOne 7654 oo sie ccna olcare Pe sek aise Slemiatels 0 cle te'sid elec e ety sisi] eaters Mie meester cetelta) anemia 
Laxton, Digby and|B. Coleconk, M.D... .|....... se secese cevcreceeees Diphtheria, 2 cases, 1 death.. 
Langford. 
Lindsay and St. Ed-|J. H. Harnwell, M.D.;|/No general inspection ...... None... 6% . ai ae 
munds. R. Irwin, sanitary in- 
spector. 
PRIGHIOlate cs ce cotes > (AS IG; MeDonaldsel: Ds Sais ete oes ee sles says Scarlatina, 18 cases, 7 deaths ;. 
J.J. McMillan, sani- diphtheria, 5, 1 death. 
tary inspector. 
Tavant ook sv etiens —Kelborn, M.D ....|Noinspection ...........66. None eesti. soehion een sie 
Pansrk oot c te eee None appointed ...... No inspection ; each member|None ...........seeeeeereee 
of the Board attends to 
matters in his own district. 
aya tee a ace a As DeSmith): M.D 759 viene snes er ieeae renee te Smallpox, 3 cases; diph 
theria, 2 cases, 1 death ;. 
typhoid, a few mild cases. 
AGONGON Gah casa es Ga McNeil, M.D ach .c] on.8 sate can see af Sree eaten de lnyphota was prevalent in 
September and October ;. 
only two deaths from this 
cause were reported; 3 
cases of scarlatina were re- 
ported. 
RIN Ss Cacttc sc duiewte ed mats s 93 Gite Peace ayy None needed ............-- INON@yai8 sieaitk eben 
Luther, West ........ AVE}; Glean'den nau; eitecsters credence sae meee Diptheria, 10 cases, 1 death ;. 
M.D. ; Jonathan To- ty phoid, 3 cases, 1 death. 
vell, sanitary in-| 
spector, 

MOO Serre ene 6 Sever te P2SPGrahanty “MED, chews: <a > ye nae eine AES Scarlatina, 20 cases, 1 death ;. 


typhoid, 20 cases, 1 death. 


ae 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


SEES AES EASE SS OS EE A SS SE ST aE SE TERS HSE UE Sraorreeael 
TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools, 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State] tagious diseases.) number of rooms, 
State methods and| school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


Average cubic air 
space to each pupil. 


whether any isola-| municipality. How| how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895, 
Placarding houses...|No compulsory vac-|.......... ES PALES een ee lan oo 8 sisteiale| sve)s' ft sinlevecenetaretei aici? MTA 


cination this year ; 
last year about 900 
persons were vac- 


cinated. 
Mas sis Shiga Iota e o's lalate NORM reese se unde so day cscs cee | MIOVEN 3" average Dbl sios ads diene mee 
attendance. 
Wome yt ade ealvalce ts No; none vaccinated|.............-. ....{Highteen schools....|.....-cccccececcee e 
22S Pt PRE CEPT EOE INONERVACCINALCT fos ae Me Prot, Seacdly doe Ge (ealiicincle polled ges Fc besue ar oe eee 
isolated JintthedriNot cy. eres ac lees eres ee ey, Seat A ede Six}; one: roqm. inls..0. ss anerece eee 
dwelling. each, 
Whisitownship is new | None. cic s.. de 18 sof we wien Oe heap dees Hive Wee s2. sons Don’t know ....... 
and thinly inhab- 
ited; no need for 
isolation hospital. 
Seven houses isolated|No ................ Burned sulphur;|Highteen; eighteen./165 cubic feet ...... 
in township. washing walls with 
carbolic solution, 
etc. 
SEE gl rat ei ABS WPL \INo§ «L87 ‘school ‘chil-| 52... 0.04 ies ote os oe (Rive ceehooled on eliss... sedanes Meee 
dren. room in each. 
No contagious dis-|Not compulsory ....|None .............. Ten schools; one Bel eear SRY Cesk es 
eases and no isola- two rooms, all the 
tion. others only one. 
Thecases of smallpox) Ves ¢/ under linstruc| oo fo ie die ieee acs. 5 oe ['ste'aroiereu ater siete o Qualeogedtecaendet ume kes 
were isolated in| tions of the Secre- 
farmhouses; aj tary of the Pro. 
special physician| vincial Board of 
and two trained! Health. 
nurses employed. ° 
NG neh s wok ...|No; 69; don’t know.|None .............. Two; lroomineach. Cannot say ........ 
No isolation hospital.|No .............-.. Under? the *direction| Bight i. 5 6c 0.04 a0leven e deenee be UaN eR 
of physicians. 
SOMPee otha va ees dete Yes................/All discharges from|Ten; averageattend-|..... . .........0.. 


the body were! ance from 40 to 50. 
| disinfected ; rooms 
cleaned and fumi- 
| gated. | 


237 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35}. A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification/Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells. 
_by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their} are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious} character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 


Municipality. 


make use of them ? 


KRGppeli neces nc oetsiine [aidien> Deve ce cek.s oS les oe gets raa ce Bin fs ajelatotslethl ate sola MenE Daly siti amaletaN Shale Riise 
Kennebec ........ eA) solrdth ane eee Beis a One cheese factory ; 2 hands.|Wells; gravel sub-soil ...... 
Kincardine 0 5.245%) No Forms: sesieatee: ners Five cheese factories ; 2 em-|Clay soil ............ ...... 
ployees in each. 
Kine StOn ee ee sites ap sls bay views ole Scie ob be sine e slrineten useitieaic tnt n= Avion ole el Wa Mini es eon isola ee 
Laxton, Digby and\No........ Seatete ts hed NONE Bars. oe rates me « jl Welleackiv's ac'cive.sta' ss eben eee 
and Langford. 
Lindsay and St. Ed-|Don’t know of any..../Nome .........0.0+--eeeeeee Mostly springs flowing from 
monds, lime rock, 
1 OTE) Ue aa © OSS OSs ac'pee ss clare ze Fourteen cheese factories ; 2|Wells and springs; clay and 
in each, limestone. 
MIAN AUD bo incon Sua. 6 sive ese None supplied........ None, 35 ous os Peta be welees \Mostly spring water... .... 
Deanark- si. oes sheep] NONE USC Wiewsilals see a yates pike tes aeiiostew aeiets Mostly wells and springs 
Logan 4.42. APP yates [avers ecesscresen a LaWliek acacetps 2 amie ane serieous's fem Joke is ieacd lonaanie dees Oita aie eee 
g 
ESOT ONM Seri ieh es o's's ie, s Ul oe eat obra one eteha Ae POST, ACE te OSE on Pre eh ls aoe 
Tia isco ee ta tests BEAN et aaah s elslalee tone NONG Seuss cd Maree Anos: Gravel and clay loam ....... 
Luther, West i2c.0025) NO s0-.s-+ss0s e+e 541 0ne Cheese factory ; 3 bands. (e205), Wee te: alee Soe een cies ayy 
Lobo eoeeevee eeeeoeceeoe @eeeooveeveoeevoeeeee 2e © Fe & @eeeevoeeeen-oreeeeeeeree eeeerereeetpoe eee er eeereeeeeeeeeeeeerss eee 
238 


_ 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 35 A, 1896 
ES oa Ta eT) An MN i ee 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. |Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,) posed of, whether! kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How] whether by con-| by dry earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Givedetails} drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated? 
of any examina-| offal is-disposed of,| householder, there contract re-| (See sec. 68 Public 
tion of herds for moval ? Health Act.) 


tuberculosis. 


—eeeeeee eee Se OO Oe | 


OE SRE ee TD OI ite ea ee ieee ta: CICTCHOREET YY WON ROSC ACEC CAN aC I AC A Oe Se RCC SCONCE Mach ONTO RCM RTM Ie aay LETC il rset Pv 


PL WorGesOU. cer wes es NQHE ZS cn rdes aah meme ts ine ac Oa, (roe Sokiaay ee ere we |? Pye ee ae aa a wee sie 
Cannot say how many|Three; offal is burnt.}By householder ....|.................... None 
ELE IS DOCHIO RES nists | emernre extatir ee oeh Seas 0 do Be Sia wane SEER UNE Ee sob nuee Lt ene oveareos 
a, ts Lae nee, eee None...............| Householder ...|Dry earth ........../None 
Cannot give number|None...... ........ No towns or villages}...............eeees Petdia se heel Meee ate 3 
of cows; no inspec- in this municipal- 
tion. ity. 
No:medical or*veter-|None in township. ..}.-.1. 0.4. .0:teceedes| cose ocee cece, eae ideo id eae Ba als Vite 
inary inspection. Od Fea ; 
NS hee ie TE oe UNOUG fiir conten citee, | ELOUBCHOILDED now's Rea: | ek aban se Mee S, - o oe ole 5 & slanttnt trae ea te 
Don’t know ; NO NG NODES ea-miank ne ees Note ne. oer Cs No sewage.......... None 
RM arresting tote Wh a etal a SU dwn cc BS he oeele ae hs ele alee The sabjectiot nighteln.. lia cae eee ae 
soil affecting the 
health of the people 
> ‘has been, 
97 : no TWVON Gye teak None SP LET Ors aw awe erence et one | pe arks ok wouP ie eiiehnenen sivas) ss fete apemeushey ney ciel sat UL ie- 0 Site: | Sie, ate ara enea tel 6 ye hNre tana a Re 
ING BDECEION. Fe Sad techs ae tee Be Saeleye ah oh earned eet tia, Seacar| Chea ies tens) Page tonctegsuesene val orateraier cree Bp cece 
| 


59 Victoria. ° Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Lee eee 


TOWNSHIPS.— Continued. 


Names of M.H.O. and/|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
Luther, East. ........ A. C. Gavellier, M.D.;|General inspection in May .. Typhoid, 30 cases, 3 deaths. . 
P. McLellan, sani-| 
tary inspector. 
Malahide...........- C. Sinclair, M.D.; A.|No general inspection ; acts Smallpox, 10 cases ; 3 deaths 
Miller, sanitary in-| under instructions in speciall in 1894. 
spector. cases. 
NM adOC iia ccna s ti cess E. D. Harrison, M.D.|No general inspection...... None fsiay s,s sc 0c 0s eee 
Mattawan ....... FL | NON Sea hares alte ee esl nestle at nemen - @ saith shewiedee at NoOne@?iiite okt te steers een it 
Medora and Wood....| No M.H.O.;J. P. May,|Really no inspection.....-.. None: 5:2 Ses «5.5 es ee sree teers 
sanitary inspector. 
Monteagle and Her-| Robertson, M.D.; nojNone ........-...+- -serere: INone ....-..e0-- eee: Sots 
chel. sanitary inspector. 
Marmora Lake....... H. M. Jones, M.D....|Inspection only when com- Scarlatina, 2; diphtheria, 1. 
plaints are made. 
MARY O coerce ep d's nie ho INONG) .5 Sivas e's oder Eoynl epee a aie eae e eae Bae = Diphtheria, 6 cases, 2 deaths. 
J . os . 
Moulton oo isv se chess N. Hopkins, M.D.; a}...... priate Al Soe _../Scarlatina, 4 cases; diph- 
resident inspector in theria, 1 case, 1 death. 
each ward. 
MELMUT Ss 00.062 52 60 A. G. Island, M.D....}....cccecces cece cceee Cite es cee Scarlatina, 2 cases; diph- 
; theria, 2 cases, 2 deaths ; 
| typhoid, 12 cases, 1 death. 
Mara tet. tase catek gene Wim. Gilpin... Mi Do. Sons ss sie se cieioee ees ....|Scarlatina, 47 cases, 10 deaths; 
diphtheria, 20 cases, 3 
deaths. 
Morison sine | Shiney, MD 2 occas: Nee areata tamer Diphtheria, 2 or 3 cases, no 
deaths. 
Medoute... ........- Drs. Hawley & Heaslip;|/M.Ds. and inspectors look!Diphtheria, 1 case .......... 


Messrs. artin and| after their own districts. 
Mofit, sanitary in- 
spectors. | 


| | 


240 


es 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 351, A, 1896 
SS 


TOW NSH#HIPS.— Continued. 


| 


Isolation of contagi- 
ous diseases. 
State methods and 


Has vaccination been| Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,/Average cubic air 
compulsory? State} tagious diseases.) number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola- municipality. How| how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895? 
Tsolation of con-|No Rie Sine Pee Clothing boiled, sul-|Kight .............. | Sat seclg Utes COR 
tagions carefully phur fumigation, 
carried out, etc. 
Isolated and quaran-|Yes ..............,|Infected houses dis-|.........0...ececescleccececcccceoece cc. 
tined in smallpox infected under di- 
cases, rection of M.H.O. 
Confined to private|No; cannot tell now. Carbolic acid and bi-|Sixteen penerallyess1 |. 25) aan ne 
residence; no isola- chloride of mer-| room, 
tion hospital. cury. 
Woretesn. cee eet No; 100; don’t know.;Ordinary means|One ; lroom; aver-|About 200.......... 


adopted by attend-| age, 25. 
ing physician. 


Bh eh er ire), aaeetey Attewe snum per nObi. 10m. ears coeu..c\ Twelve schoolss.. 1712) eae elena 
known. room in each ; from 
15 to 40 in each. 
Ae IC eee deena IN Ob ema oss. uae Paes Vite ide Mey ee Nine schools ; 1 room/Cannot say......... 
each, 


Houses kept isolated;|No; none in 1895...!Nurseand patient dis-|One school; 3 rooms ; 180 cubic feet....... 


no one allowed in or infected every day;| 30, 49, 43. 
out; walls sprayed walls sprayed with 
every other day, etc, a solution, floors 


with carbolic acid 
wash ; doors cover- 
ed with cheesecloth 
and sprinkled with 


solution of mercury; 
sulphur burnt in 
rooms. 
Schools closed and|No....... ........ At home by order of|Three; 1 for each...]......... .......... 
private residence | attending _physi- 
isolated far as pos- cian. 
sible. | 
INO Sr hab et nt MIDS MODES wctake cet he oe hi UR peri ve Wtrschools,;056|..)\ sees ee 
rooms. 
See UIDAL SO me al NOs oar titi etscirn. | as ia. 5 "ae, Fate 2 en cas hon Lp ieee ee 


Each family was|None vaccinated; 500|Disinfecting was/Eleven; 1 room in 


eeereereeoece esc sr ees ecesse 


quarantined. school children in} done under direc-| each ; average at- 
township. tion of M.H.O. tendance, 50, 
Houses placarded’s tc | sion veka os oek.oc Houses fumigated ..|Five; 1 room ineach.| ................... 


No hospita! ; houses|No ;_ 1,059 school!No diseases of an in- Hight sohooles (coe.0| vases. ee ees ae 
placarded and dis-| children in town-| fectious nature. 
infected, ship. 


16 H. 241 


4 
59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
ie ae A WN ee ES ee ee ee 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 
* 
Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers. and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
Aton ioipalit H. O. of contagious| character and the number soil and sub-soil. 
eee ee diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? | 
Luther,’ Bast's.....%..5 Nones.. saree atest INOnetehe ress 4 sntaeee de. Wella ori see onteeee 
MA alahided. 2: syste ce ad ae 5a 5 F Wales olelalaie oat date ofall a etlncaie wialsls obey. 5 cma aae -atigha ace Goal a Were Sinker t ese Gele a ele ana oeeataee 
Madoc..... eee cele Neither are supplied. .|Seven cheese factories ...... Wells and streams ........- 
Mattawan..... Preece Not supplied ......... NOHO PIL, ce ee eee te tee ee Sandy’ soils c, ves%clams ot Pear 
Medora and Wood....| No .....-..eceeeeeeee No factories, but summer|Lake water in a few cases ; 
hotels and school houses. wells and springs. 
Monteagle and Her-| No ...-...sseeeeeeees Four cheese factories........ Good) i0.i..00% sae eens 
schel. 
Marmora Lake....... None supplied.. .....|Woollen factory ; 6 hands. ..|Wells ; heavy loam ; sub-soil 


clay and loam. 


| 
| 


MAVOSSR note ss <ioe <S is None supplied.,......|NOne ......seeeeeeeee scene: Pee running streams..... 
| 

Momltone ns. taeekss orn NO} eee cota gle taie ethers None i... 1:26 ... ...{Wells; all kinds of soilj..... 

MUGITAUP Teed sick tod eects see ate Mite sieges | ee deele Mem nebo mtemeeg cms ene Rene PTTE Ro ace 

ESS PRA, DR era NOt. icy eoatet ee ect None yeeeemw iaeenae sein ss All kinds of soil ............ 

ATG YTISON Bako eeu el bee te tee ec ctele te ean ae None 44 bone oo eyes ees {Wells used 640 iy ae jetecese 

Medonte era. 20 a0 sus Don’t know? .t0a;5 05: None s fires chenies gece eset Springs and wells; soil gen- 
erally clay, with gravel 
sub-soil. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35 | A. 1896 


a. ee 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


No. of dairy cows. Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or| Give number li- and night soil,] posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-} censed. How| whether by con] by dry earth| trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details| drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 


of anyexamination| disposed of, householder, there contract re-| (See sec. 68 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval. Health Act.) 
culosis, 


INONGaa ae Caesar Two ; none licensed.|Householder........ Mostly privy pits..:.i..2 0. Que ae 
USE eS VEEN. at Fr ea ea a ed a At | 
Don’t know ........ INONG2 Ma fre doy den Householder......., Dry earth closets ...|None 
IN ONG has ei oan he ao is None ..............|By householder .... No contract; no dry|None. 
earth closets, | 
es anh a a Two; no _ license ; Buried tween rin's.6 Silla vias wt aio wens [isle a hein’. ceiiig eee 
offal buried. 
Cannot say ........ INONGIER 2 tet PL ee has ate Coe Th No sewage ......... None. 


Cannot say number|No licensed slaugh- 


Garbage by house-|No sewerage system.| None, 
of cows ; no dairy ; terhouses; no 


holder ; night soil 


no inspection, drainage; offal dis-| removed about! 
posed of in a care-| every 6 months. 
less way. 
LOCA tte hi a NSB Noneaticee seo. Householder......../..... bes Sis « eavaie's wole |e cae sleistge ot ame 
Not given..oo. sis: I Tos Neeirged ane rac ty ied oe oe esata ia Se tee 2k Boe 
INON Ot toe sche Fe One; not licensed ..|Householder........ INDDGy oe. crea oer © None, 
ee fae. oe Ut NONGiE Coane oe, oa) ESET RS ia pce TS ST PREIS OOS. 4! 
by a | 
About 2,000; no in-| Hight; none licensed.|Householder........ Dry earth closets; no « 2 0's 10.9.4 sta ele eis eaten: 
spection. contract removal. 


| 
| 


243 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


ee ————————————— 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


| e 


Name of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
Melancthon .......... | James H. Reid, M.D.;|Very thorough in extent ....'Scarlatina, 3 cases, 1 death.. 
Wm. August, sani- 
tary inspector. 
MVEA Y Cetee ls ciecsres ea P, J. Clune, M.D.; M.|Inspection made when com-|Typhoid, 12 cases, 2 deaths. . 
W. Rutton. plaint is received. 
VIGOR cote bsp 'es ore T. J. Park, M.D ....|Physicians report all contagi-|Typhoid, 3 cases; 3 deaths.. 
ous diseases and placard| 
the houses. 
Middleton «ci sc slees de J. W. Renwick. M.D.|Each member of the board)Diphtheria, 4 cases; 3 deaths 
inspects a portion of the 
township. | 
Monmouth .......... W. Giles, M.D.; A.W.|No inspection except ordered Diphtheria, 1 case.......... 
Spears, sanitary in-| by the board. 
spector. 
INET GOsteate seis oe asye W..uAs Harvey; M. Ds \ins San aay <riatew ingest aiare's Scarlet fever, 2 cases ...... 
& 
Mariposa ........... James Blewitt, M.D..|House to house inspection in|Scarlatina, 9 cases ; 1 death ; 
villages, school houses and| diphtheria, 1 case; typhoid, 
| cheese factories by the in-| 4 cases; 3 deaths, 
spector. 

Matchedash .......... Oliver Bower, sanitary|........0++-sccesceses erate None os nce Mire er 8c 

inspector. 

Maryborough ........ Jas; J. Cassidy; MD, ola Go ciespirarcae is cc acti ce |Several cases of typhoid fever 
existed during the year ow- 
ing to the low condition of 
water supply; 1 death; 
diphtheria, 2 cases. 

Maidstone.......... bbs Be Rorke, = MD) suis \cinloe 5 «sees eyed oe auevia tee ate Scarlatina, a few cases ; diph- 
theria, a few cases; typhoid, 

| 2 cases, 

MMinGeN escas cota os 5% se '—— Curry, M.D ..... Inspection when complaint is|Scarlatina, 30 cases ; 1 death ; 

made. diphtheria, 14. 
MVIGEGALL Costes = eieikiessrata iat A. Nixon, M.D.; W.|Inspected personally........ Typhoid; 3 cases. \..<4 . esses 
Henry, sanitary in- 
spector. 
WN hers0a ik Cos old oiacs io sete 2 ©..Cumbertain, M.D. ii See~ + ae os croc ies ees ERAAc Diphtheria, 2 cases ; 2 deaths; 


typhoid, 15 cases ; 3 deaths 


Seen ee ae ee eee eee sn ae ce ee SE TE Se RT SS SS REE OST a ES a Ta 8 aT 


244 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools :}Average cubic ai 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State) tagious diseases. Number of rooms] space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in| Give detailsof how} and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How] carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895, 
RS eee ss: No . . ............|By isolation as far as|Thirteen schools;!No. 1, 397; 2, 150; 
3, 240 ; 4, 352; 5, 


570 ; 6, 5673 (f 173 ; 
8, 672 ; 9, 350 ; 10, 
684 ; 110 625 ; 12, 


practicable. No. 1, 20; 2, 34; 3. 
27 ; 4, 25.35, 25 ; 6, 


16:7, 25; 8, 30:9, 
35; 10, 20; 11, 16; 


12, 20; 18, 25. bs 416; 13, "395, 
Isolation as thorough|No; none.......... This is carried out by| Fourteen ...........).seccee seeeeceseees 
as possible in houses; physician. | 
no hospital. 
No contagious dis-|No; none..... ite ie cantante Ca SST reac UR cyeand guath | ete a ithe ieee le a nce rede eae 
eases. 
INORG sgeeGa ess cee ‘ O ENONG eo uia ok Be ere Pay weary Tee's THITtGen Reais clove stills cieale ots oe erties 
INONGtE Secon eos 38 Nonegoesc tren oa eee Lai re es EVO rer he os Hak « el stile ates oxi catamarans Gnnemeg 
No hospital ........ No BLN One Weerhie geese hirteens joes p48) COOK ae 
Nove ya: . hota ss Noam nese See Patients confined to'Twenty-three ; three|............... .+6: 
rooms, and usual| have 2 rooms. 
} disinfectants. 
None required this|No vaccinations re-|Sulphur fumes and, Two; 1 room in each]..............+.06++ 
year. ported to local]| carbolic acid used. | 
board. 
Sa Be te yy ee VACCINATION MGCL GO| enema c/sleeednaieiaec/ale ec ccisieray #0) ek oha cto aday evete"s Niels 2 aly Yar eWetate Pirelateeeteretet 
be neglected. 
Houses placarded .,|No; 933 in munici-|Don’t know; phy-,Twelve; 13 ........)..... cece eee eee nes 
pality ; don’t know| sicians generally 
how many were| attend to this. 
vaccinated. 
No hospital; patients|No ; about 300; none|Thorough cleaning; Nine; 1 with 2 rooms 250 .............-+- 
isolated at their excreta burned, | 
homes, clothing burnt or 
boiled; houses 
fumigated. 
Nonet, uk ab sede ste IN Gone te ty eee Dont knows v0: page SUG ae eae ee « iL sv ore a een haem 
ING TROLS LIONMLOS DIGI Me edie toe oh ie tw bona a a |eveienee Lob af oti aye. aye shawl Fourteen .......... 1 he is oa id che toateag a RES 


patients are isolat- 
ed at their homes. 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-]Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.} stitutions. State t heir} are used give character of 


Breer as H. 9. of contagious| character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
Municipality. diseases. Are both] of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
Melancthon 1.4% 0.1Cs's iy aclen tsk sb atete mths ou ae One sash and door pene Clay loam ; sub-soil varies .. 
employing 5 hands; l 
woollen mill, 5 hands; ea 
| cheese factory, 7 hands. 
ANSE Veritvoh cscs Fe NV 08.2: G00 We sisi, cans One fruit evaporator, 14)/Wells and springs .......... 
hands; 4 cheese factories, 
8 hands. | 
Maldens. cco cess teas Physicians.supplied );, [INONGo.c% owls o's aie cc wre ate’ ots os Drilled: wells 2.8.2 tee 
Middleton............ None supplied..... .. Two cheese factories ; 2 hands]......... Sadie Cee ae eRe 
in each. 
| 
MP ONMOUG” e235 dele es S| Lecaia aya a tee cal biags Gas OS ere RANE [ie ine oe ore tia aera ome ener atole Wa era ane | alate avis ofa edit) chet aee ene ee een 
MVLATIED Fos class ad ce leo No ; forms are supplied|Two cheese factories ; 3 hands)........-..:.seeseeeee scene 
to physicians. in et 
Mariposa ....:0..'. wise | RePMa D Sookacte es Mahe Oren aah NS Three cheese factories ...... Wells generally; loam and 
clay sub-soil. 
Matchedash’..... ...| No need of them...... IN ONG (0. cee eee eke eee |Wells; soil, clay loam and 
sand. 
BIE V DOLOUON ailsc cule. elude Liana sate sree Sb e cd Soiwlec dete Sea Geile dhe Pio ele Seah eee ES es ge cot. ec scat te 
Maidstone............ Teachers usually give| None fees b EN ink, Sat Wells generally ............ 
verbal notice. | 
MAN EM pd ostaies som He ahs NOM ante eeees fares Non6:.cen cc eee Pe be eas Wells: soil, sandy loam .... 
Miotcall i, Se oiac anes ¢ None. ee is Poe tes .,.../Two cheese factories........ Springs and rock wells...... 
WLCTBOA Discais tka se ene VOB a evens wig Nerd Ae SAUL Cea a elecin eae What ore ata tetes .../Wells; soil sandy; sub-soil 
clay. 


246 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
Li La cr 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 
ea se sa Ne AN AOL SO 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|/Sewage. How dis-/State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,} posed of, whether! kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-} censed. How| whether by con-| by dry earth] trades. How licen-. 
tion? Give details] drained and how, tract or only by| closets. If so, is| sed and regulated ? 


of any examination| offal is disposed of.| householder, there contract re-| (See sec. 62 Public 
of herds for tuber- moval ? Health Act.) 
culosis, 


ae eel Nee SS CD SS ES 


1,900 ; no veterinary|No licensed; all are Garbage is removed.|Sewage removed....|None. 
inspection, isolated ; offal is re- 


moved at once to 
fertilize the soil. 
No inspection ...... Four ; 3 licensed.... | Householder si 6 earls 6d bifiwle, 4 er ecaiere ee acaia ata, aeTOR w [alae a/c ohatete are En 
SESS GEST rps ow OEM Mss corre a AR gn : Riedie were vatere | ONG 
SAS Oa Sec fe a pe INONG hans hat es. «ot a ae 
About 1,500 ; supply|Five ; mostly fed to}.......... Mae eRe tb a ty Metre tars ML Seay aur ete None. 
milk to factories ;} hogs. 
no, | 
IN OMe ati ee oY, cota < Noten aii, ers 8 Householder........ Mostly privy pits...|None 
No report. of/any. dis-| ace) 28, Used ong land#with!...42 06000 oe ee oe NONE, 
ease among the other manure. 
cattle. 
rts Me reinte e's oloietancd Sat a < None in townshi pr. baasnierrtevtone oa. |e ee oy es ee igual ahla elena Naren 
ee Sie fot 6 Lich eke % pr huam-t. saya how, Offaly Woes ane ks Sa eee ae ek Cee Ok! a Fe Sania apie 5 Fan TR 
is disposed of, 
The milk of 150 cows)None ............. Householder........ No drainage ; a few|None. 
sent to cheese fac- dry earth closets. 
tories. | 
Cannot say ........ IN OUGM thant fea s Householder........ Don’t know ........ None 
| 


beta iiss tacks hates Re ore! TTouseholdartdmur ic je Cee coat. Cond. bey hee Sek een 


RE ce Se Re EN A i Se a A Oe MPR Si ye 
24:7 


Ls 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continwed. 


Names of M.H.0O. a 
| sanitary inspector. 


State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
general inspection. 


Municipality. 

Mornington....... .. James Johnston, M.D,| RAR SAGA 57 MEAT SOE ECR LOS "Typhoid; 7 cases 2 in etsc 

Macher... cs,. sstes None s jecs stor eee None web co} elcreeee eee Diphtheria, 3 cases ; 1 death. 

Macaulay .........-- Sam’ Bridgland, ie eg ae anc a rene eA A Diphtheria, 1 case.......... 
| 

McLean and Ridout ..|None ; T. W. Warren,|........6. cscccscesssreece Diphtheria, 6 cases ; 3 deaths ; 

sanitary inspector. Typhoid, 1 case; no death. 
fe | : 

LCI oo vn eee 5 sales R. B. Struthers, M.D.| Visits made when necessary. 'Scarlatina, 75 cases; 3 deaths; 
diphtheria,9 cases; 3 deaths; 
typhoid, 8 cases. 

WICK HOD UG. fale var sce Ne MES FO ee see teen ei Aes eect ee eee, cites ane ale pve contagious diseases ex- 
| cept whooping cough...... 
| 

MIGMUrrvich Vsoncee ete H. L. Barber, M.D. ;!Village of Sprucedale an d|Diphtheria, 7 cases ; typhoid, 

Wm. Pearce, sani-| neighborhood visited by in-| 2 cases. 
tary inspector. spector. 

MIcNSD) ii dis cs Tews oe 1-——=_CLATBLOD,S ML. De lias ca mece ace Demin ete Sowers A few cases scarlatina, a few 
cases diphtheria; 1 death. 

’ Nissouri, West ....... \P, Ford, M.D ; W./A personal inspection under|Typhoid ; 2 cases .......--+ 
Faircloth, sanitary in-| direction ot chairman. 
spector. 

ONICHOL a yewtette fsles a's HZH) Paget. Mi Dp A seccs em tele ts ake emt A few cases of typhoid and 
diphtheria; physicians fail 
to report all contagious 
diseases. 

INGFMANGY sisi sve 44s i McLean, M.D. ;|Sanitary inspector inspects|Diphtheria, 5 cases; all re- 

M. O’Donnell, sanitary] twice a year. covered. 
inspector. 


248 


Wg 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Isolation of contagi-|Hasvaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases.| compulsory? State} tagious diseases.| number of rooms, | space to each pupil. 
State methods and} school children in} Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How] how carried out. each. | 
tion hospital, | many vaccinated a 
in 1895. 
: | | | 
Physicians do the/Not this year, but/Been carried out bylitifteent Lys ue. Don’t know......... 


best they can. No| two years ago vac-| physician. 
isolation hospital. | cination was gene- 
ral; 977 in tp. 


Me le ha rons ces None ..............|Disinfected by car- SLKS57h ars ee eos) Becket eee 
bolicacid and chlor- 
ide of lime, under 
the supervision of 
a member of board. 


No person allowed to|No; don’t know....|.............cceeec. NEG Ls Sans ccna cxosttsaets fest cteiev eres acs va Renee 
leave the premises 
to mingle with the 


public. 
According oto pdirec:tNOo} Seciicec vaca cc ee hoor adc cee ee PH OUI sea renee eal, 2 -s\Now 1,/ 1283: 2)194¢ 
tiuns in pamphlets 3, 184; 4, 364 ft .. 


issued by Provin- 
cial Board. 


No hospital; isola-/Not compulsory ..../Sulphur fumes; Two; 2; attendance,2, 152; 3, 225 ...... 
tion enforced by tp. houses fumigated. | 30 to 45. 
authorities. 
REE Tene eee a Saree oR (uivemeae NU Der Of bethany eye) ee Peet in cet! 27a Sede ol ree eee Peed cx te he pS 
children were vac- 
cinated. | | 
t 
No hospital, but non-/No_ vaccination in|Disinfection under|Six at Oi gt tae oe. « 300.5 oe ee 
intercourse strictly] 1895; about 150 in| direction of M. H. 
carried out. municipality. O., by sulphur, car- 
: | bolic acid, ete. 
stot eves wictovnie 2 -trseeees [No id O4 8 Gr 0. O'My ee) ay a eee ete See Fourteen; 16 .....-|Don’t know ........ 
children, 
Meee Aether kes thet Not this year; was/Excreta of typhoid Eleven; one has 2|Cannot say ........ 
well attended to in| disinfected and! rooms. | 
| 1894, buried. | 
| 
ME eee a steesta [sate oe ay ore atte tu Rs cy nie yale Ve ce eee Ra kee en ee | See e ee eee 
Houses _placarded ;|No ; children from 5|By burning sulphur,|Seventeen schools ;|Don’t know ...... ~ 
no hospital. to 16, 1,027; 650) using chloride of} 20 rooms. 
vaccinated in 1894.} lime, and carbolic 
acid. 


249 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Forms for notification;Number of factories and in-' Water supply, Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their] are used give character of 


ey MOSTOE tagl h t d th ber il and sub-soil. 
Municipality.’ 1) |bviscoces” (Ava bibaleat employsuotin, cath, Ma ae ea 
supplied? Do both 
| make use of them? 
Mornington .......... Physicians supplied ..|/Two cheese factories, 6 hands:! Wells Py te ere ec yh 
1 tile and brick factory, 20 
hands; 2 saw mills, 10 
hands;1 flax mill, 10 hands ; 
1 chopping mill, 2 hands. 
MACKAY 5%. 35's oes Supplied as required..|Saw mills; 60 to 80 hands...|Wells.......... (ei te aden 
IIACAIAY Heh c bie coor ace atta Wie sin ave pie Mee sete he MELO] Se Wats oo boeing erate ls Catitomiateren ens Wells; good water.......... 
McLean and Ridout ..|None supplied........[.....cccee ree cecesccecccees |Wells ; sandy loam and hard- 
pan. 
AN EOL G Hens Sapa acento None supplied ....... INONG Agile ete ak chee eed Clay and quicksand ........ 
DAG IELIOD Pints wih ovo v's gis cask Gaalsla s wib ie ee oe en ee eee ee vind ee ale een Se Boe [ ra lessetete CoB LCL Reale phen nap enane EE 
MCNIULTICD nic... ca 8 Noi fea dih ieee enue NON6 Waa a Fb alee BH hte es Wells ; sandy and gravelly.. 
MGNADS. Ask ee s Silerel IND, bib R eee eles eae ak Two cheese factories ........ Creeks, springs and wells.... 
Nissouri, West ....... Noe’ no i} lise re Four cheese factories, 4 in|Well supply; clay, and clay 
each; 1 box factory, 6} loam sub-soil, 
hands. 
NICHOL ee ete 9 oa h.s cst swale 's %caaereee le odoeh dele ian pws becapashava¥ oro sum epi ala atahpents tion ettlient: Lara ve tera atcha te) tee tee ee 
| 
Normandy .......... All supplied ; yes ..../Three cheese and 2 butter Clear springs, wells, and 


factories, 3 men in each; 1} artesian wells; clay and 
woollen factory, 7 em-| gravel, on granite rock. 
ployees ; 1 flax mill, 8 em- 

ployees; 2 grist mills, 2! 

employees each; 6 saw 

mills, employing about 20 

hands; 2 planing and sash 

factories, 5 hands; 1 foun- 

dry, 4 hands ; 1 tannery, 4 . 
hands. 


250 


i be 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


a 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


No. of dairy cows./Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How! whether by con-| by dry earth] trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details) drained and how] tract or only by| closets,” If. so, is} sed and regulated ? 


of any examina-| offalis disposed of.| householder. 
tion of herds ae 
tuberculosis, 


Don’t know number ; 
only when requir-! offal burnt; blood 
ed; 1 case of tuber-| given to pigs. 
culosis. 


RMT cee Me sv crslcienS One slaughterhouse ;|Householder..... 


offal used as man- 
ure. 


Seen ae Le nape Seer 8) S4Crey ele" ae el wirel exe ane e lee) eel a ieienst'e ll! Ne Grengicl Sia. ste 6a. 1eie Owe 


No inspection or ex-/Two ; both licensed ;| Householder 
amination. offal fed to hogs. 


47 ; no examination.|None .............-. Householder..... 


Nonein regular dairy 
business; no ex- 
amination; no in- 
spection. 


@eeeeveet eereeeeeeeeet[,goee Peete eoeeeaeeFeOCefecertececrceceovsvecne 


About 2,000 ; none../Four; offal con-|By householder . 


sumed by hogs. 


eee See tee, CISL S08) 828) OFF ea lee. 0 O36, Ors Ale ore OEP SO VIN gga @ o ote 676. 8-02 0 One Olo.e 


Over 2,000; no in-|Three; licensed; of- By householder . 


spection. { fal used as fertil- 
izer on land. 


T w'o} non-licensed es) eee de se, 


Cele eseseeeroese never 


there contract re-| (See sec, 63, Public 


moval? Health Act.) 
{ 
a a a a er er 
=. | Generally. by, drain-| 2. sae canes 
age, 
sae VELEVY. 9 PLES ey ae SLOW. c5),)0. cals a ee toe 


dry earth closets, 


San | Dahm ue eer pee as Ne ee Four storage houses 


for green hides. 


Dry earth closets ..|None, 


@eereeereseeeersteeseeeee 


{Ordinary a eleegia'satels eaten 


...|Dry earth closets ...|None. 


e complaints made 

about the unsani- 
tary condition of 
water closets. 


...|No sewerage system.|None, 


tar a i Ne I 


251 


59 Victoria. . Sessional Papers (No. 35). . A, 1896 


——_—_—_—_—— 


TOW NSHIPS—Continued. 


Names of M.H.O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 


Municipality. 


eases in this township; 
| only a few cases of scarlet 


IWWASSARAWAVO. ccc sca sdu coe cleidr oe dae shee samala visi e prenece dsc vises tin 'sime ee eesscely any contagious dis- 
fever. 
Nepean’....s...05% _ |G.C. Richardson, M.D.;|The ene inspector’s re- Diphtheria, 10; scarlet fever 
R. Hill, sanitary in-| port says he inspected 210) 14; typhoid, os 
spector. back yards and closets; 
ordered 18 to be cleaned up. 
Norwich, North ...... W. R. Watson, M.D. .|Sanitary inspector makes gen-|Scarlatina, 3 cases; typhoid, 
eral inspection in the| 2 cases. 
month of June. 
Nottawasaga ........ D. McAllister, M.D. ;|Inspector reports township|None ...............+:++++- 
Colin McDougall, sani-| in good condition. 
tary inspector. 
Nissouri, East........ RSE owler, 7M2 Distt; tect eset. ce een eens Scarlatina, 10 cases ; typhoid, 
H. G. Gourley, sani- 2 cases. 
tary inspector. 
INSDISSING \.% eee dia d bss J. A. Porter, M.D. ;|House to house inspection...|Nome ...........eeeeereeees 
F. Sloman, sanitary in- 
BD CCLON ae tersinteede aie 
Osnabruck......... ...|—-—— Jamieson, M.D.;|Premises inspected..........)seeceeeecccsneeceees eo res 
A. Wesley, sanitary 
inspector. 
OxfOrGuch cs cone. © ou, Womes, MED e5 coe oe Pe eet ah’ silsce wince ale oct tee eutbiatele 10 aol ale ls ose mie ane 5 ere 
ODS ces cat Corte ae T. W. Pool, M.D. ; W.| Every physician attending pa-|Scarlatina, 1 ; diphtheria, 4; 
dks O’Boyle, sanitary tients, reports to M.H.O.| typhoid, 4. 
inspector. when any contagious dis- 
| ease is met with. . 
St ONG Bin ances s's's tes P. N. Davie, M.D....jOnly very few eeavlaintelryuhoid. 1 cases? si sgeeees 
and of minor importance. | 
OSG MS ee nee eo be HN, ?Coulter,.MeD ia ricath © co sceaes oe ates Typhoid, 10 cases...... ....« 
Kilborn, M.D. 
Oromer + nee waren oe W: HH. Clutton)* MeD icine ia eee ieeedeen ees Scarlatina, 20 cases, 1 death ; 
R. W. Metcalf. diphtheria, 2 cases. 
OXTOTGsokis atte mince tials J. McoClurg,-M: Die. roast evant eeehavie tac as Diphtheria, 1 case; Bair 
5 cases. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). | A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS— Continued. 


Tsolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been|Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,;Average cubic air 
ous diseases. compulsory? State] tagious diseases.| number of rooms,| space to each pupil, 
State methods and| school children in} Give details and and attendance in 


whether any isola-| municipality. How} how carried out, each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895. 
All patientsisolated.|No; no ............ Winder ithe super-\9,10'.2.....20.408 PY ee IE Re Med 
vision of M.H.O. 
Phe ary re xg Mtr a Wltwts Not compulsory ....|..... ee a W euscoPehe's ocsinle ons sobre | auels: «ipsa tes entetete a ane 
The dwellings all/No: don’t know....|........... pats Sea fe a raat ARE ply Manele Lr dep 
isolated. | 
eg RANEY Sa PC ae oie Pere tata Ra A .,Using chloride . of 3; attendance, GO, |. satel Nate arnatae a meeee 
lime, etc. Zoe 20: 
INo hospitals. 2.23... LNG none. FeO Ne ae Twenty-three’ 923)... .5; epee 
rooms. 
INORGI208 co. ae IN Oude bt, eran ee 'None ..... se Sixteen $7,185 ayer-|.o.dee oe ee 
age, 20, 
Patients are gen-|Not compulsory,.... Chiefly fumigation Eleven; all eRe 400 cubic feet. ...... 
erally confined in with sulphur, buildings ; average 
a room by them- attendance, 34, 
selves and attend- 
ed by the nurse and 
physician only, 
| 
Had no occasion....|No, but generally|None of note........ Teniseotions +: one.2}. ieee. cae ee 
carried out; about rooms, one 3 rooms, 
50 vaccinated. balance have 1. 
| 
No isolation hospital]No; no record...... Disinfection carried|Nine; i room in Lots of space. ...... 
on under direction! each, 
of attending physi- 
cian, 
PS ee Bre Cee TTh IN OL PU os dee wise k Ltt wie caer eas INixteen Pasty a hes v'slsl bb RA eek wee Chena eae 
No isolation hospit-|All children were| Carried out by phy-/Six; No. 8,25; No.|........... eee heceiae 
al; children kept] vaccinated 1894. sician in charge, 4, 30; No. 5, 24; 
from school....... | No. 6, 32; No, 7, 


46 ; No. 8, 25, 
| | 
eS tek, a aden Sea Sy, Meee Ee YS 
253 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS— Continued. 


Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
stitutions. State their} are used give character of 
character and the number] soil and sub-soil. 


Forms for notification 
by teachers and M. 
H. Y. of contagious 


Municipality. diseases. Are both; of employees in each, 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them? 
Nassagawaye .......- LANSS Ga pdt Oates, orate agra occas Ute de ina th ME ROHN S OLSEN Ce ae olatle Gleye Wohvany ocegh ae ee a eee 
| 
NGDEAN 6 i leis ca’ e cele |. br aes ce heplaslele ove daluelete vi[it.eiay.n tem Wie ewan rferaie civin ins Colciils coe enone bani coiein aie ace ey 
Norwich, North ......|Nome ..... scceeeeoes Five cheese factories, 3 hands|Wells ; clay loam .... ..... 
employed in each. 
Nottawasaga .......- Supplied M.H.O..... Don't KNOW toss coeels sone Wells used; sub-soil gravel 
and rock. 
Nissouri, East . me, ee IN Gigs ote tatels sere ere te Six cheese factories, 3 hands|Springs and good wells ; gen- 
each. erally hard clay, and in 
some cases gravel and sand. 
INIPISSING is 0000 cess No vienna css seer None. «a> s rie aaa ate outers Wells isc. teas ee eee 
Osnabruck........ ec ReTINOl Mags tie ese sa ohare NOnGss cor ee ee Lee eees Wells ; good water.........- 
Oa dey le Par apg y ace Nios sD0.ue i veeaes ..... Nine cheese factories ; 20 em-|Sandy loam..............++- 
ployees. 
CODE Gals as ces os Se Forms used..........- No factories except one large/The water supply is good. 
brick saw mill and cheese 
factories ; employees, 20. 
| 
OXLOTAs fenck sc telcey oo kd cere Sa pecan Meester nal None a. 6e ery. eae Usually good.s...+- 
Ono OE ek Oo eeieke see Don’t. know!é.. a. ..as it cheese factories........ Spring wells ; good water... 
COTO Meee has ss oleae ie oe Not suppliedicscsha. sol; esas nett eer Dy alee tyes outs Wells ; sand, gravel and clay. 
IVSTOLO El hice ats weet e None. ......+-.-+-«--|Three cheese factories. ..... Wella, ooniee: ane oe vite eeteete 


254 


9 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS—Continued. 


| 


No. of dairy cows. 
Is there medical or 
veterinary inspec- 
tion? Give details 


belonging to farm- 
ers. 


Slaughterhouses, 


censed; offal fe 


How dis- 
posed of, whether 
by dry earth 
closets If so is 


State number and 
kind of noxious 
trades. How licen- 
sed and regulated ? 


Disposal of Naas Ree 
Give number li-| and night soil, 
censed. How| whether by con- 
drained and how] tract or only by 


of any examina-| offal is disposed of. householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 23 Public 
tion of herds for moval? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis. 
| 
Eels hs Co. Slaughter houses in-|.......... iattheris V5 iN ales ah Gia hig eae 
spected 6 times 
during the year. | 
Cannot give number./3; none licensed.... Householder........ None se Ae | 
NOG Se ae ee One licensed........ NOlgarbapesoriniphtls secon chet c eae. Al) 
soil allowed to ac- 
cumulate, 
te Sete ane WAR OE meiiyp mtinicis ara ys, 4 oe davepel cl saler viata, Wolk wales d 
pality. 
UN OM GME eas atccot: INonoges. 20, ee Householder........ Dry earth closets... 
5,129 ; no; none..../One or two; none li-'Householders....... ey earth closets ...|None. 
censed, but are in- 
spected. | 
eee i eel c bing Reis None. oosseeesess fHOueboletssosseefseereeseseeceeee None. 
No dairy proper ;!Four; all licensed ;|Dry earth being used:|...........0.00.06.. None. 
every farmer keeps| fed to hogs, 
a few cows; no 
cases of tuberculo- 
sis this year as any 
having symptoms 
were ordered 
to be slaughtered 
by veterinary sur- 
geon. | 
NEALE ay yk anh agra ae Householder........]..... iets AL mete ae »..| None. 
About 600 ; no in- eorewseeoe ee ee evens e Householder eetesveeen | SF OF we 8. 2 e eo*eee20e08 rene 
spection. | | 
| 
OPS OP C16 te > 6 6 6 6 6 06 6 8 0 | owe eC eeeoeescereceesecn oo ae oe eh? eae 9-0-9") -o-O 
None except those Three; none _li-|Closets used...... ..-/On the farms ......./None, 


to pigs. | 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.— Continued 


Names of M.H.O. and|State extent and methods of 


Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
| 
CORTOTU. Naess see o aii s Lia MeWilliams, Ma Disliiaie a. toes oa ce ale tn ee iScarlatina, very few cases ; 
J. H. Wickins, san- diphtheria, very few cases ; 
itary inspector. typhoid, none. 
MV EORGS WV eis se tt teint | vin ohesiant a giqat es ere apeataie Premises in good aie typhoid or other con- 
condition. | tagious cases in township 
this year. 
Papinean’.:.... 0.366. None 


eeee eeereeceeeeere 


Limited to the inspection of|Typhoid, 1 case 
members of Board. 


eoceecerseer ee oe 


| 
POLY hire os Li orale oc He. “Barber; MaDe ye bea oases ore ie aioe sete Diphtheria, 2 cases ......... 
Chas. McPhail, sani- 
tary inspector. 
Pet aT te) ahshs «pe ele & | Bo ce istoted ) ks euaveey See amend [ee ee ates ae te lic a as aetna Diphtheria, 1 case; scarlet 
fever, 1 case. 
LLYN PUON sar. oleic sins oe P.: McG: Brown, Ms De oee5 0. eta aesle attendant la) stn br scanner 
. - . . . | . 
Pus UNC y.5.cic8 wsisieie oes A. Munroe, sanitary|General inspection spring and Typhoid, 6 cases............ 
inspector. fall; immediate attention 
given to complaints. 
PPICKELING bins oie es hn No M.H.O.; 3sanitary|General inspection made by Scarlatina, 2 cases ; diph- 
inspectors. sanitary inspectors. | theria, 8 cases, 2 deaths ; 
typhoid, 6 cases, 1 death. 
Palmerston........... John Elkington, M.D.!Township is divided into four|Scarlatina, 4 cases.... ..... 
districts and each member 
inspects his portion. 
| 
PEM DTOKC Aetsss col aese doe ace so okie oe ae Oe od HAS Rene & ciete stereo 4 umes othe bel nata Several cases of typhoid in 
adjacent township; the 
number of deaths from all 
| causes in township was 6. 
Proton. wae ee R. A. Mitchell, M.D..|Five divisions ; one member Several cases of diphtheria, 
attends to each. scatlatina and typhoid. 
Pelee ..... a Nees ad wae Noone sacs siecle ents Va ae ele cin RUD ouittie Madea Nas cove None 
Percy 


| 
AER Brita hop ee ne J. M. Clemenso n, (Thorough inspection by mem-|Scarlatina, 7 cases; diph- 
M.D.; A. M. San-| bers of Board. 
born, sanitary in- 
spector, 


theria, 5 cases, 1 death; 
typhoid, 2 cases. 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
ee a ee 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. . 


| 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases, compulsory ? State} tagious diseases.| number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola- municipality. How, how carried out. each, 
_tion hospital. many vaccinated| 
in 1895. 
ee Ss EE LS SS a _—— | a SF SS A ES 
INGNGANOs ose, os NOS aarp Sine et NONGH Se mre Three 6s aA entails. | Pakties eee ES 


No_ hospital, but/No; 170 between the Ordinary methods of/Three; 3; average,| About 200 cubic feet, 
township has given] ages of 5 and 16; a physician, 26, 
a grant towards} don’t know, but 
isolation hospital} very few, if any. 
of Mattawa town 
and patients may 
be sent there, | 


Dwelling placarded./Yes ; school children|.................... Sevens by70.0, m1) in| no ee 
were all vaccinated each, 
last year, 
22 been ee ae Pe Recaro wa GA pid 9 eg ee ad risiviene's.0'9. 00°90] Fotis ee cine eee 
| 
Prete Side ftaleks Fike S a aya IN OW tasaneer ur ape a Her eee hon ameet TN ara ‘itv sees) Don't know # 4.3.00, 
N’o hospital; the/Vaccination was at-|.......... ......... bhirteengachoolssy tiv > atic. aap ede 
dwellings of pa-| tended to in 1894, school has 2 rooms, 
tients are isolated. the others 1 each; 
; , 1,229 school child- 
ren. 


No hospital; patients|No; don’t know....|Usual disinfectants| Twenty-one schools ;} Don’t know 
isolated in homes. are made use of. 3 have 2 rooms. 


eeers eve 


Houses placarded ..|No; about 240 in 6 Plenty of _boiling|Six 3 6 
sections. water and soap; 
carbolic acid, etc. 


Ses ek aie ie ele sss' to, eininn coer terete nett tctidiesectnustiat CXvecrgvcsare te 


Placarding houses ..'Not carried out .... 


pie neeney © tush S) © (®.¢; [ls eerersiieltel es svenehener niisretal ster t 


M. H. O. acts in any|Seventeen 317 .... {Sufficient 
case reported, 


Coe e rere n ane 


ree ce kts Ga Sein Nose 280.57 Hone tre eles len el, Se Eee ees Four; 1; attendance, 
101, 103, 46, 36, 


9 OOF © O90 066 at 0 etaukmlelaia 


Patients confined to No; 697; onl y 8/Paper removed from|Seventeen ; 20 


SASS 2% J 86 5.9) OL eNSKeL ehelote lal 6 (sitet oteiols 


the house. children vaccina-| walls ; walls 
tedjthis year. scrubbed ; carbolic 

acid solution used ; 

es everything fumi- 


gated with sulphur 


fumes. 
17.3: 257 


69 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious} character and the number| soil and sub-soil, 


Municipality. diseases. Are both] of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? | 
COSEOTCMN 3 vie) alee sievelovers None a Heals Nolet eres Three cheese factories; 3|Wells; clay and gand........ 
hands, 
(xt rd MVWie oe eee 2 cide Warm e ce ence Meade treenele Anolon ap oo a a maven ears a RIa Peery tee 0 Simic at eee 
Papineau ........ _...|Not supplied ......... None ies Civ ahha Sea ee Soil of a sandy nature with a 
good deal of rock and . 
gravel. 
| 
| 
GIT Y re oe oe Fe oe vn EDLs Sled bin Det a aks ete tye | ote sour aye ate aa sree ors ia 9 Springs and wells........... 
Pelhartascc edo Acc Lol ea sxs Hae acters lemimt nea et as Pt ple eR E MAE KANE Ute eta do dead hae bee a eae 
Plympton ir dias tine 4 ple wilesine soe) aetna Three cheese factories; 2|Artesian and surface wells . 
hands in each; 1 butter 
factory, 2 hands. 
i 
Puslinch sos sveteisees Notification supplied)None ..........ceeeeseeeess Springs and wells; soil, sandy 
and used by sanitary loam ; sub-soil, gravel. 
inspector. 
i} 
| 
Pickering .3+0. tale es Forms supplied phy-|One apple evaporating fac-|Welle ; clay, sand and gravel. 
siciangs; none for| tory, 14 hands; 1 pump 
teachers. factory, 8 hands; 1 wood 
turning factory, 10 hands, 
Palmerston. ...6.155.; NowWe.seesoe eer eee: Nob gis eka tee deena Wells and springs.........-. 
Pembroke. ccc dec ake lavbinecedpsdecndsddsrshesedes rake dn tbs p bee ema qeipioe | s 0s oe .s)6 6's <4 ok omg te sales 
Proton Galas secse a ys None supplied........ Two cheese factories ........ Welles) cas.its (ash ee Same 
jE Ae RR Pa ee Ana When necessary ...... Noneai se fete kena eee eee Lake water. .o4 3s )-uae- nes 
PETCY devdtn ens ds eels s Mi “Hv OPonly 2. 62%. None 73 Sa AOaa se ois Bee Wells ; sand and gravel 
| clay sub-soil. 
| & 


248 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35), A. 1896 


DF ttt Ta a La. 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


| 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses. Dispose) of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number an d 
Is there medical or| Give number li-; and night soil,| posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. Howl] whether b y con-| by dry earth] trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how! tract or only by; closets. If so, is| sed and regulated ? 


of any examina-| offal is disposed of. householder, there contract re-| (See sec. 63, Public 
tion of herds for moval. Health Act.) 
tuberculosis. 


2000 ROS is see ss Four licensed ; offal]Householder...... WRT a heer ae MET Af None. 
boiled. 
None. eye de Two ; none licensed ;'No special arrange-|No special airange-|None, 


natural drainage ;| ment; by house-| ment. 
offal fed to hogs: holder generally. 


Spruce ee eee ear ee TGCS SOMEONE a oie Dae el An SP Piss efe te, @ 8 4 o° ela! «\sileje/ala/o'e, betas a chy Gee aE 
None except farmers’| None licensed ; all/By bouseholder ..../By householder ; dry|None, 

milch cows ; no ex-| are kept In @ sani- earth closets are 
* amination of rN tary condition. gradually coming 

into use, 

Don’t know; no in-|Six ; LOG na Gira races ees ero ee, wie eater t eas None. 

spection, drainage. 
900 ; no; none...... None AI. elas Buon landrece. 0. yen eeecsedsees s [INONG, 
eeSeesneesee es eeesesnecelesececeoce Peeeeeereesrefeseeses COO, ee eerevreseto verse “@eeeeeeeeecselevoesense a ee ee 
Not known; no;/None............ -'»8| No'system’s 2.660.122 se dieiee'de'spestele cade | NONE: 

none, 
-eeeet sv, eo eoeveve e@enre eee None, eoeeeene eoeee eeoereeereeee reese eeses oeeeooese see oexoeseces eeerere oO OOetoneaese 
Don’t know 3 no in- One ; no license e@eece Householder @eeseven e;eeereeeseeveees ee oeee (@eeeoeeeeoeoereeersene@ 

spection, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Municipalit Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
De peu: sanitary inspector, general inspection. 

PAULA DUT tere. 25 a ica el vets ba iais estate a eis loles aie Goan lie tte dea Seco CET E EM teen Seer Municipality is free from all 
contagious diseases; no 
complaints have come be- 
fore the Board. 

PUKInOtONs ses okie 5 os — Robertson, MDs oe oes catia es sie haters sae Typhoid, 2 cases............ 

Rolph, Buchannan and! —. Gray, M.D...... NOnG#ivaitane) Rats eins an None te '$. cao ee ot wen eee 

Wylie. ‘ | 

PE RIOLO eres tie oe stecs'e S. N. Young, M.D....|/No system of general inspec-|Scarlatina, 4 cases; typhoid, 
tion, 13 cases. 

| 

Radcliffe and Raglin..| Joseph Kinder,sanitary|.............. .ceeeeeees . {Scarlet fever, 4 cases, 1 death. 
inspector. 

MVAIN AI 2.3% starcuslose Jobn‘Bry;) MoD. aa 3 al Os wee oe eee eee ot ee Typhoid, 1 case...... oh ieee 

HVA curls: as ek els See W. C. Gilchrist, M.D.|When any outbreak occurs Scarlatina, 5; diphtheria, 15; 
premises are inspected. typhoid, 5. 

TOW CODY vse slea fica es ANODE it aetae oA 6 ee Members of Board look after| Diphtheria, 1, 1 death..... er 
the inspection. 

Rochester ..... . ....-| D. Bichard, M.D.3 J.|When inspector is notified. |Scarlatina, 2; typhoid, 2.... 
Strong, sanitary in- ; 
spector. 

Russell..... Sidedt ects Hy oC DaugallNM. Doles «ose kick onan Peet hese aes Diphtheria, 8 cases, 4 deaths; 
J. Brisson, sanitary typhoid 2. 
inspector. 

TLCAC cos setvue be vs oan NUNONG seven ee Cees lente Inspection by members of|Several cases of diphtheria, 1 
Board when complaint is} death reported; several 
made. cases typhoid, 1 death; 

physicians fail to report the 
number of cases, 

Sault Ste. Marie...... Oo Scherky MID i eciienh aoe EE WS ca ale Pe NG Scarlatina, 1 case, 1 death .. 

SLA WALK cesses bes emis C. W. Lang, M.D.; J.|General inspection by sani-|Scarlet fever, 7 cases, 1 
C. Atkins, sanitary| tary inspectors. death ; diphtheria, 4 cases ; 
inspector ; Wm. Lee, typhoid, 3 cases. 
sanitary inspector. 

PANOHELG wa cs he rave oe Wr, McDonald. Mies wea eee al Pees ene None sie. cccke ut eens 

WIGU SOP nts hrs eset e Siege —.'Clemensy' M.D oi triad iat since be cae Mattie Diphtheria, 4 cases, 2 deaths ; 
typhoid, 3 cases, 1 death. 

Stanhope s‘and= Sher] at. es occu c eae eee Inspection by members of/Scarlatina, 2 cases; diph- 


bourne, etc. Board and sanitary inspec-| theria, 2 cases. 
tor. | 


260 


ex te 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


— SS SSS 
TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 
| 
Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 


ous diseases. compulsory? State| -tagious diseases.| number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in Give details and} and attendance in 


whether any isola- municipality. How| how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895, 


DM ema iee ey AI Tc ideo ati eaer ae ate oe Ee ele. 8 233.38 bee d's soe da de RO ESY siah'c [shea Bhan te RENE 


ION Gir Pork ose Novsnones 2: Se Disinfection by ordi- Hives. 5 jabout 40% 1.15 sayhn te eee 
nary means, | 
RAR eS Be mia a ee Nome entra rees [anaes cy Sears,” Six; Sone room’ inh#.)\) oe ee 
eac j 


No hospital; kept Ves 1,007 ; none... |Fumigated by burn- ‘Twenty ; one room ;|350 cubic feet. ..... 
separate; houses ing sulphur and average attendance 
placarded. washing with car-| about 30, 
bolic acid solution. 


© 808.9 ee Ol ee pS s.ate eo 6 6ste 


Mapa: ke baeticke cis ea | CRORE? Goeure iu cne arene se | RAR 2 Lema ee On ae Da Six Khoo] ass.f3)4. hb es eke eke Reel se 


No; cannot say.....]Rooms washed with|Five s chools; 5|Don’t know ........ 
| carbolic acid soul-| rooms; average 40, 

tion, and fumigated 
| with sulphur, ete, 


Houses isolated ; no 
isolation hospital. 


Locate, eee ee gas Noes dst tee eel Umer attending) Pitteen .i2x.00 2M. .t1e se a ca ae ee 
physician. 


eRe mena etieer city sections Ucnsieicune les dre, ise ne aay suai sie Cia ererorsieianns oie ae Gc 


General isolation; |No; 850; about 20|Houses fumigated ;|Fourteen; 16; at-|Two hundred and 
placarding houses.| vaccinated. schools closed ; sul-| _tendance 50. fifty. 
phur and carbolic 
solution used, 


No; 852 between the|......... ....0... Sixteene rea Byiesch loves tale tee ee 
| ages of 5 and 16, 

327 between 16 and 

21. 


ie Pie ae bi TIS) ewe 8 t6) sc, «i 16) 6 


One ura... secre PY) oligo ees late waaay wal ees aware Five Sufficient “. i spiens 
Isolation in houses..|No; 370; none in|Dr. Lang attends to/Four .............. [aed te ewe ee emer aees 
| 1894, the disinfection. | : 
OF on ASA ee oes NONE .... 62... /6-6.6. 0. cee eeeeses| Three; three . Peas, 
Isolation in their|Not compulsory ; 131/Such as is ordered by Three; three....... are sone baste te rete 
homes. attending physic-| 
ian, 
NONG: et ee Wo No; 93; don’t know|In diphtheria cases INine:5) TITS Le iu HERS, wae eee a 


under direction of 
physician in charge. 


261 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification] Number of factories and in-| Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their} are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious} character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 


Municipality. diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied ? Do both 
make use of them ? 
Debts UTE Ss vc cite ois ssc [le b-0 oie.s..o oie Sele ayeyaee aittagatel fins geta w sbabare tevaseegncsl a eg Waal elegy Aer peieha orate atthe eia << foeate) eit a em 
PHMKUMPtON es oee s veo es INONG al ogo plese oe None glories Sule. Baktis cone (fravelie ns de acc sake wate 
Rolph, Buchannan and| No occasion to use |Nome.............eeeeeeeee- Sandy 0am 72% 4.92. eesti 
ylie. them. 
PUROIPD fast sect see + Supplied, but not used.|None; except oneevaporating| Wells; blueclay............ 
factory, 20 hands; one 
cheese factory, 3 hands, 
Radcliffe and Raglin..|..... MES SIEGE REAR, PGR MrT: GAC con TR ALE Iie Piety cere crn sess ae 
Pp ALIRISAI, ot Scien a t'sis. 0s, > Lite o we chee hole Sid big cittola cals [bene von awa cele aca ete ee BR rgd ears Wael os oo tanita aan 
TRAM clas vajetia es stele sors Noneses ee OSE Me Rael INOUO genie saree nie ee ars eeh Sees eae Wells ; principally clay soil. 
PLOWOON sot slew a te eae None ..3 be oe sete tener |Ten cheese factories ; 2 hands! Wells; gravel and clay ..... 
| in each, 
HVOchester<..eh ceva siae's Clase ae 6 oe wieiee .e.ee...-/One cheese factory..... .--.-(Generally clay soil.......... 
PUSS wc Caries Ooh to 68 86s stants weeded Woollen factory, 10 hands A ee: loam: 4. ;thmd eee ee 
cheese factory, 10 hands. 
Ed 65d Bk 60k ae Re INO 23 et natentee toc A Te) «aaa ne «Ar Sole Ae Generally sub-soil........... 
| 
Sault Ste. Marie...... INO aus coe ese terete ahitel nie eee Nonescvn jess Ses Meena stone: Sand and ‘clay <.....4 sam 
ALAWAK Vegi ase ses 2) tX.OS $ PV OS Por corewae pata Nonestis ti cits sniisiaee aeeieee Be Wells and springs and lake 
: water, which is considered 
the best. 
SSATLOTIOIC Cere aichl aign'dit CM Uinds > .bsdie,e's, 4m amlepieir wees Nome 25 OAC GY ans, Gackt act meifiahae. Gale eietena 6 aca) o ee aie ae ee 
RIGUTOR Src ait tet ake ieee INO) £ o2s.dde ohare Nonbds.is ade Sea: Sek sos wots take Wells and springs .......... 
Stanhope and Sher-| None ......... ...... One cheese factory, 3 bands .|Rivers, lakes and wells.... . 
bourne, etc. | 
| 
262 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 
No. of dairy cows. Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 


Is there medical or] Give number li-| and night soil,| posed of, whether] kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How] whether by con-| by dry earth! trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how] tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 


of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for; moval ? Health Act). 
tuberculosis. | | 
NOne i osies erik Noneresd ane Jaycee Householdernti tats! s...aii Ma we sneGeOnL 11 o cecn ee &. eeteemieg aed 
ING Ee ins aek ee ace Wosataurhberhouses sie sens) asd 2.2. ica e te athe: Vac sek ee 
One dairy farm for/Three slaugter- By householder..... Privy, pits... 2 a6r. None. 


supplyingChatham| houses; open 
with milk; no in-| drains; offal fed to 


spection, ogs. 
caunotpay senoitib:| Notes... etm col wee a Lois Pa | dtepae iraiaia MRM eRE IS oh a | Td scatele bia ara eet 
erculosis. 
7,383 ‘cattle in town-!Two; no license.... | Householder niaiaret yale sill erased ata aly isncteth arabes § e/|ie eats aire ee ae 
ship. 
agri ep DEES EEN a oe Ie A ew ea |Householder...... EN Froletarshedsclb sche altel ocd | otdak amo ot ave eae on 
4,000 cows. ...53..05 Two }'none).i2.2 222: Householder........ aja. tate eae eS SIR Ue Re are AE Sass) 
| 
Rural district, noj/None . .... .......)Householder ......./..... .ccce.------ |None. 
inspection. 
Private dairies....., jOne sno-lcénke2y4\oussholderit Piedp. asaxee cade tlh. Moko Lee 
PRA ets. Ses aol: None ..............|/Householder ....... Ma atee ee chdloed uo se | we oaltle hac bets eR eee 
No dairies.... ..... NONGP a hceeeaeint ads Plousehalderzs aes | 4 vcdtel cts voces” oe hdd boat a eee 
4 
Thirty ; no; none..|None ........ See)! Householder ....... Nose hs saree os 34s None 


263 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.— Continued. 


Municipality. Names of M. H. O, and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


sanitary inspector. general inspection. 

DAE CEE- Mee peice ess Okt Teeming ‘Carr,’ MD aa es ae st atat oh eeateke arene Three cases diphtheria; 3 
scarlet fever; 4 typhoid 
fever ; pecans living 
outside the tp. fail in mak- 
lug reports of diseases. 

Sandwich, East ...... Joseph Reannie, M.D. FUT REpaentOn of nuisances when|Scarlatina, 3 cases; diph- 

Vanderlander, | M.H.O. requests. theria, none; typhoid, 
sanitary mspector. | none. 

SSOMLER WONG Facer ss eesti tiel Pore Ok legate stare. ate Bie eet ote Inspection of slaughterhouses, |Typhoid, 3 cases............ 

pig pens, cheese factories, 
school premises and dairies 
was made and found ina 
sanitary condition. 
Seneca..... ehh ne is INGNO Ere snr estas elon Inspection by Local Board ..|Nome i... > .-<.-- sucess 
Supnid ale cok sce wets cnt, ea. Des Bel ce ce ee eee ee Aten Neon Diphtheria, 1 case; typhoid, 
Macham, sanitary in- 1 case. 
; spector, 
DCEO ea ct.c ete oe ....| D. Carmichael, M.D.;|No particular method ...... Noes. hereahe see eee ee 
| John Pagit, sanitary 
inspector. 
SOM DIR Medes cov achors& D: KB. Stenton;, Ma Day Noneivie, cxuae. + cenit ee Scarlatina, 10 cases; diph- 
| theria, 3 cases, 
| 
BREHOL AY a ucctia tse se H, W. Wilson, M.D. ; Sanitary inspector visits|Typhoid, 4 cases.... ....... 
L. Loyst, sanitary; premises and vacant lots 
inspector. and inspects closets, yards, 
etc. 

MODAStADOL |. wAs.c nso ! None. s-. wets os oe [None skralehe aide hee State, Mente ee ee Diphtheria, 10 cases, 2 deaths 

Sherbrooke .......... N., Hopkins, M.D, 4% <1) Sane atess aetls che shied rsa Oltatas Rae SRiMia eee ee ae 

SILVIA cioa's cise eh a GaN se Cook Sen ts). i, Ske tee anne oe eee eee Scarlatina, 32 cases, 3 deaths. 

Wm. Smith, sanitary 
inspector. 
AAU OOM TAG. cites. tists alors —. Veitch, M. D.;/Sanitary inspector reports all/Typhoid, 3 cases............ 
Robert Smith, sani-| premises in a sanitary con-| 
: tary inspector. dition. 
SCAT OOLO. Maer ai. ee O. Sisley, M.D....... General inspection once aj|Scarlatina, 7 cases, 1 death; 
year. | diphtheria, 4 cases; ty- 
phoid, 8 cases, 1 death. 

Sophiasburg....:....- J .Crayan; slg. ee ne ee ieb gut hoes athe kee Nove 5 os. discs. ose dane eee 

SVOenham sock sac. Soe A. Co Sloane, MsD 3 arsenite ta dame oe te ce ete Fer Scarlatina, 41 cases; diph- 

Charles McArthur. theria, 15 cases; typhoid, 
4 cases. 
264 


—eeeeEEeEyEeEeEeEeyeyeEEEyEEyEEyEEE eEOeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee ee —_— 


09 Victoria. | Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


S090 0 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


l WM Sis” Moke scs 1. ioe 
Isolation of Seta ch vaccination been Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubis air 
lous diseases. compulsory? State} tagious diseases, number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 


State methods and! school children in| Give details and| and attendance in 


whether any isola- municipality. How| how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
‘in 1895, 


ight a Reece Genre ne ee nee ae Pema veel iur's:. .| Aa opera emene yas Were vets oR. 
Patients are isolated|General vaccination|House placarded and Hight s-eleven- ein ta). cc Med ame ee 
in their homes, in 1894, thorough disinfec- 
tion by M.H.O. | 
Elacard’s: cis 0late|Nou so e8 oe Burning infected/Twelve 3 twelve ....|Don’t know ......., 
family as well as . clothing ; fumiga- | 
possible, tion, etc. 
Be En Mee a co a NOW aire oo. so. Leolationy and sdisin: Twelve idles abit sete tne Sania ee ee 
fection. 
INOUE SE ec Mica ae NGM ee htin ae OR teks eat A AUN E AL DLS Fee ee aes (ee Ave eee ed 
Placarding ; infected/General in 1894 ;Clothing and furni-/Sixteen ..... aeltee Don’t know ......., 
persons not allow-| none in 1895, | niture cleaned ; in-! 
ed to mingle with fected apartments! 
the public. fumigated. 
Patients kept in most|No POOMG NOW a2, |S he. ome. Sixteen) PISeIe be ee 
isolated part of 
house and _ disin. 
fecting excreta, | 
Nonorar ice ks NOnGa ees F4e yc bok Nonesic 28 weashs dal LOTCOsaca ete aes. 5 Dont: Known. seeeee 
BN ONG oi esisctas o. Na Od recett se ay ous (Si th Sy eR eg LE WOretoa ae Saal tc One, 220; one, 300.. 
Isolated six weeks in|No; 949 in tpn Fumigation by sul-| Fifteen WAixteen sir lie: vu y cee eee 
home of patients. phur, etc. 
As’ ordered by the] Vaccination not com- As done by physic- MOVON-s:. ROVERS wats ity duh cad totes eee ae 
attending physic-| pulsory; 610 child-| ians in attend- 
ian. ren in tp, ance ; no isolation 
: hospital. 
Patients isolated in/No ................ Carbolic acid solu-/Twelve ............|........ Net ryt) 
omes, tion; sulphurous 
fumes, 
None ere oe Women. 202 bate of Not necessary ...... Hourteen rae s. clases che eee Sidon 
Isolated in homes...|No; none vaccin-/Ordinary _ disinfec-|Sixteen .......6....[....ccececceccce 02. 
ated. tants used. 


aaa ic ine et IE ery 


265 


69 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


er 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-; Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State the-ir| are used give character of 
Mariolpalie H. O. of contagious! character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
ptt erate diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
| make use of them? 


eee oes | ee ee: ee ee a Se | ES SS 


Saltileets desi stie teases Nose eis Se eee One cheese factory, 2 hands .|........--ceeeeeeeesereecees 
Sandwich, East ...... SOLES Le Counc toretes eines | Wa ke eke rea a momar Pee, | (AURA oe 
co | 
Southwold s...<.S¢..0lines fee Py 20 apes seas epee tee | IR Ar NRE Matis ee 
MGIGCA aie a tieb a ceidiele's None e fic nebeuhities Two cheese factories, 4 hands;|Wells s Clay. Aches ode nvcelerehes 
2 saw mills, 8 hands. 
SSUMIIGAIS | Wiis c oe snot « None? 2.5. ioc seh aie None ......- ut EE Arye She Principally wells...........- 
ETON cick diewicle oclcs [tas wo dam erste sa Pateeiele One cheese factory.......... Light soils... 3/1... S..oceege 
. | 
PIOMIDER An edvic ses outa ete Nones ion. eee? ie Noneiish aren: eabG aarp |Generally clay.........----- 
mbetheld: 4.0. sabes. | Physicians only #,4%-.% Nonersgeee wiser s na enna ae AWellsisi'! nineties 
Sabastapol J 22. Jsvi.» Nos N0y oe ee were NOG? eis Scie ct eae tee Springs, wells and creeks 
SHeroroolke sali. aida elds ieee eas Le oe mee eps None. 2 ¢ chad bee eek mans eee ee Wells; clay sub-soil ........ 
PLE R AKL eta ote cae ccs eaten Me hee lett cog so anor e ee oat ok | Ans gt ate RLBAL RSW Weal le esate Sttasace | Wells; gravel and clay ..... . 
| 
SAUPCON esate siciens sic Supplied 20.4% se. oes Two cheese factories, 2 hands Wells, rivers and creeks .... 
in each, | | 
| | 
| bee 
Scarboro’ .....-es.e0% ! Not supplied ......... Nonelie ose ee etn iso rmseres . Heavy clay and loam ....... 
c | a 
| 
Sophiasburg.......... None ’.)aciseree ein: Six cheese factories ......... Iclay and rock |, se... io8* eee 
DPyuentan soo. 5-% a4 LBY GS Jahr. due SNS ers 4 LIN OIG! 0c Ret hs em kane 9 ster \Wells ; clay loam and gravel 
| : | — - aa ; 
266 | 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


Ba et dE eh tS cl cael SD 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 
Meee eS Ne a ee gh OE een 


Sewage. How dis-!State number and 


posed of, whether} kind of noxious 


No.jZof dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil, 
veterinary inspec-) censed. How! whether by con-| by dry earth! trades. How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how! tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 
of any examination! offal is disposed of.| householder. | there contract "| (See sec. 63 Public 


of herds for tuber-! moval? Health Act). 
culosis. 


Eee iets an egos, Us Three; none licen-|/Householder ...... Privy pits generally.|None. 
sed; by ditches; 
offal burned and 
buried. | | 
oe aes 2 ae em eee et 
: | | 
OMe kiero ake sn oe Se bed Sue ee ee peer eG a Ws Wars Feuer e s 1 woos 
| | | | 
Don’t know; no;/Two ; Offal fed to]Householder ....... Closets sie Ass a | ee Far ae PP Ane Pa = 
none. hogs; isolated. | 
ex Devoe O00)s) NOW| Renae ee 4 Mg WAYS scrauie i's wesets oo oe See | Data ae he antes Tere os 
spection, | 
eMeR AN less sie! ace! | oe Nia rata ute ares cal be wk Householder .......|Dry earth closets... i one. 
Don’t know; no in-|Don’t know ........ Householder ....... ive contract for a Ra are RAR, PRC ta 1 8 ns 
spection, moval, 
Don’t know ........ None ...... atsidp bee's | Householder Bd sae ai ee earth closets... | None. 
549 cows ; no inspec-|None .............. Householder........ | ne ee GOCE do oet |rone. 
tion; no examina’n, | 
NOM GO Ger tse snes 5 Salk ot INODS fag ts chen cts oon! Householder........ Pe Paras ie gree e ie one 
at OR Papper OnGeae. cas hace. | Nl Ne tte Stans ot fe See tee ne Serge Jace 
Don’t know; no in-|Five slaughterhouses|Householder........ | einitecen yale Ch tle ut a'ets | PE CR oes | Yee 
spection or exam- | | 
ation. | | 
Don’t know ; no in-|Hight ; offal is fed to Householder..;..... | Adee eae aes behead ok +4 |: rs ei ere: 
spection. pigs. | 
Don’t know ........ None licensed ...... Householder........ 
| 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOWNSHIPS.—Continued. 


Municipality. Names of M. H. O. and State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 


sanitary inspector, { general inspection. 
| 
Somerville ........... R. S. Frost, M.D..... INONGs.;. Houkies ceed tere ate Diphtheria, 12 cases ...... 
SSOOGE es Fae sie cee aes oni ule tetele ety otay tie ’s (sino eames \Municipality in & good \sanir| sn. uc sects: ose cen 
tary condition. 
SStAMfOrd . dest sakes ses John M. Dee, M.D.;|As provided in Act......... Diphtheria, 2 cases ; typhoid,. 
Wm. C. Swane, sani- 2 cases. 
tary inspector. 
DEAHOFO te eoaitic etch y <c D.‘Rattray, -MeD A acest ena sce teh ences ventas None teeee cs PPR eS = 
RIEL OC ites. sone viele oe W. C. Fraser, M.D...|Each member of Board in-|Diphtheria, 4 cases; 1 death. 
spects his own district. 
Stephens ceo see's ae He Wichett, "VE Diiois cheese cate rete en ome oe, Scarlatina, 4 cases; diph- 
j | theria, 8 cases; typhoid 10 
cases, 
St. Vincent...... LION Lokadince erie cess, o al axatnye ents Municipality is in a mia one 5 cases; diph- 
satisfactory condition as| theria, 2 cases, 
regards sanitation. 
Tilbury Centre....... As Lemire, .M, Dis0Na\ aera gaseae tetany sere e Typhoid, 12 cases ; 3 deaths. 
Mibert, sanitary in- 
spector. 
Tecumseth ....... ooo = Law, MED): BBs [scarcer an See eeepc eeaetstaat cea, Diphtheria, 5 cases; 3 
| deaths. 
erhorah t....3 1s .e.eee| A. Grant, M.D.; §S.|Each member of Local Board! Diphtheria, 2 cases ......... 
Wallace, sanitary in-| keeps supervision of his 
spector. district. 
MNGralds. gon foc heen ae eee ark avs cmeeeate |Generalinspectioneachspring|Diphtheria, very few; ty- 
and when complaints are| phoid, 1 case. 
made. 
Mhornverry <. oss +ses W. B. Fowler, M.D,..|Inspection made on rcrotnnelte oneal 2. CASS. <5. cee 
tion. 
PPO WIBENC fd 2 ote o's s20 os ASC. Duncombe, Ma Ds Noner. vice eect. ee cath |Diphtheria, 1 case; typhoid 
| 4 or 5 cases; 1 death, 
TOSOTONtIO cco s vate }| deeds WVAlliams DEAD) 1s sce Gre tere ok eileen ee Scarlatina, 10 cases; diph- 
theria, 1 case ; typhoid, 2 
| cases, 
LOYDOLLON s; ia 's'esietens D, Kyle, M. Di. yee. | Pe eckae's Biot Cia ata ea iad Noners. oe snes Pg ae + 


Usborne ......+2.-...| A. K. Ferguson, M.D,|Slaughterhouses are inspected|Scarlatina, 4 cases ; typhoid, 
yearly, other premisesupon| 11 cases; 1 death. 
order of M. H, O. 


268 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 

La ee 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 

eee SEN) EAN OE fe Gnas 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been!Disinfection of con-|Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases, compulsory? State} tagious diseases.| number of rooms, | space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children inj Give details and] and attendance in 


ee 


whether any ixola- municipality. How| how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. many vaccinated 
in 1895, | 


a ———— eS —————— es Ll LS SS LF 


Isolated in their|None in 1895. oe Patients \ disinfected|Nine .........:.:. sfessces.e.-..,, ya yr} 
omes, before mingling 
with public. 
| | 
{n their own rooms .|No................. bs fumes, etc..|Eight ; elghts iver, 0. cee ea 
Ne 2S Ve ae Not this year....... <a 4; 445 school)... yeu totes eee 
children, 
EN Geese Vote te Pes NOsseL So, Suny Aeon re Sulphur fumes, chlo- Bive @fivess sme. esi cee disc ee bares 
ride of lime, etc, 
cop ean eae Piel Quite a number vac- Sassi Ree eacecle sae ene | LHITGCCN 1.0... 285; ease cd ae abe cee 
cinated, | 
oie Seg eR NACI a OPS a RY RA ANC A See Nine ; bleveeees One hundred and 
| sixty. 
| 
Wonehe Je a Don’t know ........ | Spetone dare Seti oe Inwenty-one Same aa « | er Sing ee dla Sins dite 


patients isolated! ren. ordinary way. | Bos 30> By, aye cubic feet, 


No isolation hospital|No; 414 school child-| Disinfected in the! Four ; 4 rooms; shu _ stv» sis, xr, 
in their own homes. 


ty ROTEL FO Caco) o 8 oe we ea 


Buildings placarded.|N 0; school popula-|None............... Thirteen, schools s'13|)....... oe. ke 
tion 750. | rooms, 
SOs A Se ae No; don’t know ....|Don’t know ........ Twenty-two; don’t}Don’t know ........ 
know, 
Placed in room up|No; 337............ Stools disinfected ;|Eight .............. From 350 to 450 
stairs, sheets hung over cubic feet. 
doors ; carbolic acid 
solution used, sul- 
phur burned. 
Gey oe tks PO og | aD RBs Phe, hag ibe hotske eesla stoves Le ee: Rivers sips ate al | Bh ents ates bia tena ates 
No isolation hospi-;No; 763; about 50./Houses isolated ;|/Twelve schools; 14/Two hundred....... 
tal, inmates not| excreta from pati-| rooms, 
allowed to mingle ents buried; all 
with the public. linen in room dis- 


infected daily, etc. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 
eee 
TOW NSHIPS.—Continued. 


Nh ie SM 2S i ae 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in- Water supply. Where wells 
| by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
Nanioalit H. O. of contagious| character and the number soil and sub-soil. 
: pay: diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 


ED GES SS a a | __ ____ —————— in 


Somerville .....+:00: ae supplied'None .......-...eseeeeeeeee Clay and limestone.........- 
only. . 

Scott.......-. rsleteta wine tise ois. See as oe ae Se ee ete ale Sa eke oi, oye Noa sacl gh hae lated] © Soores eth att et alieGee «ae iat eite See menage a 

SfamLOrd Acteicettatele se ss M. H. O. only.......-|One bone mill, 3 hands ; one Clay, quicksand and gravel. . 


grist mill, 2 hands; one 
wine factory, 3 hands. 


Statord tne. ocasets 44 INOS eee shee uatece net Norers pice ss tiene oes tee Wells ; clay soil and gravelly 
bottom. 
SSEIBTOD itelsatctetviei clase tut None 322606 AAC Oe IN OTE ide oe oid nia le ete olete's 9 s%e's Wells; sandy loam......... 
Stephen ss...) osecees Wes tirtveccress coment Nonest22. sss bcireees + be ee se Wells; clay and sand....... 
Se Vincents cuts urdene [0% be we oe ono e es wi eh Sts RB Og aie tie teeathtelbele et afatie’e'| apeieye etepelolers 'aroarerern site teen armen 
Tilbury Centre ....... ING Paes oe eee Seasttatens Noneuse: ine as eee ioe yes as ae loam... <..26 00 pee eee 
Tecumseth .........-- None sis8 acess seme se IN ONG! as ois ss whines eres 6 lolay LOSI 00: ops crate otatmnenens 
Phoraheacs foe te cers IN ONG ste heat teee eee Two brick yards, 1 pottery ;|Wells ; clay loam, sub-soil, 
: employing J2 and 7 hands} gravel and clay. 
| respectively. 
TPhorald).../«-.2's's'e's"s'e ¢ None: vee cheers eeeees None sso be te oe hee ees Wells; clay ... ..--sseseeee 
Thornberry 5. si. 08 Yes, when necessary ..|....-.sereerecceseerccsceces ANT Welle. 2.25 Ss este ores eee 
DO WDSONG .Ciirs Chek bale Sead leads wis aleleces Girls Three cheese factories......- Wells; sandy loam......... 
TGsOTONtiO’ 3 s.,45 44s» ¢ sie None etides wee eeise: INONG fies ce tens b Gee bbe eos Wells; sandy soil, sub-soil 
| gravel. 
Torbolton ..... MEER ERY RET RETR KS TE One cheese factory ; 1 band al hea §.b-sG ON 4S Ve he Re eee ie 4 
Usborne, Cite ie: VOSS YOST, ceed ees One cheese factory; 1 hand.|Clay, gravel bottom .......- 


| 
| | 


270 


a 


; 
; 
i) 
: 
; 
i 
: 
. 
; 
F 


5Y Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35 A. 1896 
SS 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


No, of dairy cows. Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-\State number and 


Is there medical or, Give number li-| and night so il,; posed of, whether| kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec- | censed. How| whether by con. by dry earth] trades. How licen- 

tion? Give details drained and how tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated 

of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval ? Healsh Act). 


tuberculosis. 


| 
IN OGM 0a wit eek None... 48 CA ae Homsoholdern too. 0s |e 5 aos teak ae es vouelete Be Spgs ERS, : 
| 


Eighty cows ; no in-/Four; natural drain-|By householder..... e LEIA glare eCatalog 1 bone mill licensed 
spection; no ex-) age. i during pleasure of 
amination. | council, 

\ 

Donzt know. sy 3.42. INONEM Ee. ieee o. THouseholdernvee rs . At eslae ee eae Nei pessoa eee 

OTIS a takai ec INOne eens ea. | HHonseholderase ts, (iek ee ce ena er | wi ofa ahh Qanaars Grate lara 

Don’t know; no;)Three; none licensed. | Householder We foe | NE afAe Sens eee aa ot he a.m |ataks ts take Jee nite wetae 
none. | 

No inspection ...... IN ON Gayot citer te Lae tices, see orith Ns sees Dry earth closets .../None. 

NODC Wee toe, wach Two licensed ....... FlOuseholder essere acer cts hoe kee, Lek ee ee 4 

None ; noinspection.|One; no drainage ;'Householder........ Sewage generally|None. 

offal boiled. buried. | 

INOUE y he... Ye Two ; surface drain-|Rural district....... Privy vaults........ None 

age, . | 

BONBON MAM areal hl sh a eae ss wud ake he MN tile doeall TR ce,” [estan ey RU a 
amination, | 

Don’t know ; no in-/Two; no license ....|Householder........|.......... Datonsentts Os Elisa's aoe «sen eoG ee eee 
spection. 


et ae Ace mma le ee) SAPS Ies oe Beef a eialin) acl ate sian cphhafa\a By fo at] aod dace bah dm hong vid ee, « ada w 4 Ge outs ecatelg eae 


Inspection is made 
in all suspicious 


LSS Votes wee Bey Householder........ Ot ae a isan teen eae 
cases, 


V——————— 
ee 


aa Sr AMP Aes 2 aie Gi aan 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35., A, 1896 


Lc a ee nea 


TOWNSHIPS.— Continued. 


Pea onr Names of M. H. O. and|State extent and methods of; Contagious diseases. 
Municipality. sanitary inspector. general inspection. | 
| 

Uxbridge. 4.24 coco [ae okathenns coe ee ce ternn| mae Meme ae Santis amicee netoaaite ieet Diphtheria, 1 case ; typhoid, 
1 case. 

VeRO NAN We ote fon tare T ‘He Robinson,-M. Dis \eieeec isn. 9 ee fans et ey he tue Cit Soe ne 

R. Rumale, sanitary 
inspector. 

WEAR DOLis ir ct ass gielnk'- W. Wallivin, M.D....|Inspection made when. -— | ......... 7. dit: Siterar eae 

| necessary. 
| 

Walsingham, S....... |H. Terry, sanitary in-| NOMO Merk ot ore Paes Diphtheria, 1 case .. ....... 

spector. 

Walsingham, N....... B. Robinson, sanitary | Notte beers eee a. ou nisi ae None? . . Fi. c5 cos ae eee 

inspector. 

SVOOlWICH ocala ¢ 6 aiace W. Robinson, M.D...|Inspection made when com-)Scarlatina, 9 cases ; 1 death ; 

plaints c»me in. typhoid, 30 cases ; 2 deaths. 
| 

WV ALAGOAS. oo cn dn tyros J.W. Thompson, M.D.;/Personal inspection by mem-|Scarlatina, 2 cases ; typhoid, 

| John Willoughby,| bers of Board. 11 cases, 2 deaths. 
sanitary inspector. 

Wainfleet ...........- lw, B. Hopkins, M.D. Hosea byoM. Hy:O. ss, Scarlatina, about 40 cases ; 
diphtheria, a few isolated 
cases ; typhoid, 29 cases. 

WWAtETIOO.... «dee sila me A. H. Rahacks, M.D.;|General inspection under di-|Typhoid, 40 cases. 

Owen Reist, sanitary rection of M.H.O. 
inspector. 

Wellesley.......-..--- pee Morton, M.D....|Inspection made when asked|Typhoid, 12 cases, 1 death... 

for. Township has no more 
| than the average share of 
! perplexities. 

Wawanosh, E..... .. |John McAble, M.D ..|No regular system .......... Scarlatina, a goodly number 
of cases; typhoid, 4 cases. 

Wawanosh, W........ Ty. Case M.D jase om! ce ee hottie ae sete reseoas te Scarlatina, a number of cases 

of scarlatina and typhoid. 
| 

Williamsburg 6.2 sche lie one oa eapete ses « eens No complaints of any CON-]....... .2....e- scence eee eee 

tagious diseases in town- / 
ship until the 18th Decem- 
ber ; 3 cases reported then. 
. 
Wilberforce and N.'John Channonhouse,|................0-eseeeeeees Scarlatina, 6 cases; diph- 
Algona. M.D, | theria, 3 cases, three deaths. 
Whitchureh 7... ...... H. Coulter, M.D., W.|Ncthing done except com- Scailatina 2 cases; diph- 
True, M.D.; G. H.|  plaint is made. | theria, 5 cases, 1 death. 
Powell, sanitary in- 
spector. | 


ee EIEIEIEEEEIEESERE EEE REEN REED 


272 


ies 


I ee ee 


EE 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (lo. 35), A. 1896 


s.r a Ee Ne 


TOWNSHIPS —Continued. 


RO ae eh RR RRs ga dren a ee ee A at 


Isolation of contagi-|Has vaccination been Disinfection of con-|Number of schools, |Average cubic air 
ous diseases. compulsory? State} tagious diseases. number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| school children in Give details and] and attendance in 


whether any isola- municipality. How| how carried out. each, 
tion hospital. many vaccinated! 
in 1895. 


Isolated by attend-'No.. ............. Disinfected by at-|Twelve; twelve ....]......0..05006...... 
ing physician. | tending physician. 
Se Si Soe (46 0's 6016 600: 6 0 is f Stertte Sates ont eae ae toc cece reeroeeess../ Nimeteen ........... CO ECOOS CCC Ue ONC Le 
| 
No hospital; patier.ts No, yes; don’t know.|...... Baamactlete otro oak Ten Wathaeae ee at | Tis eraud ce Srere Viera ae ome 
isolated in their 
dwelling. 
No- particular/No.s.-.).).2.. 2). [rrcct tee eens Athy ok ELON xgere etek mae ge oe.ched oeree ne 
method, | | 
None ieiossceae 3. NOP epee eS a7 NOnGR. on ee ee Nine .62 2a. _ ofa ge ss ssi meee 
See sees cat or ee General vaccination|...... sori iets mite en| LWOLVOgy. kale tec, ba eae aes ele viens 
in 1894, | 
IN Ome eratne. as 9.12. (NG general vaccina-|Yes......... ...... Fifteen: 42, 40 28 Sufficient........... 
tion in 1894, 
! Z 
NOT mest Me ae Dek te ule ;| Houses fnmigated. :.|Twelvas.-.... 1... 0 (2.05. Ree 
| 
By placarding build-iGeneral vaccination Carbolic and sulphur|Twenty-seven i MVODs | Soc clon oe cee 
ings, in 1894, fumes, age attendance| 
about 35 in each, 
iy WR A pe te eae alot 
| 
No methods ........ NOR eee: ee eee Very litte done:ays)s taut it ee Fie'ew evar snp sae 
aD ar neta ae ee et No; Che NH Orvisjstrs eee Hight Gee. sory 2 wi 5's's ava" etere atetelire oer 
ited schools in 1894 i 
an vaccinated 
those who wished 
to have it done, 
Patients isolated in|No; about ADO NONE: |Lere es ate) Gone (DES Ba ook, A en asi: Se ‘ 
their homes. 
Houses placarded.../No............. ....|Physicians in at- Fifteen s10 gate. 21) Uhre el a eaee a RA 
tendance give or-| 


ders. 


18 273 


is 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 35). | A, 1896. 


TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 
eer of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their| are used give character of 
H. O. of contagious! character and the number| soil and sub-soil. 
diseases. Are both| of employees in each. 
| supplied? Do both 
| make use of them ? 


Forms for notification 


Municipality. 


anes Paes Kel ete A 


lesa pts (en a Sarre VO8% Ev in be eee as INONG A saa ots ata hve cleats saree et Sandy loam, quicksand .... 

PV AIP ATL 5.5. ak ios coreite | As wi beeen a eee Seesahe w SU RINe sce ewe alo eu dee, ei enaretenare 1a [Le pe aiaers sates peeretalers eta nei eanem 
WESPOr fs cede cae 0 Nowtia yeh cote co ae ce Noneitgn stu cee v5.0 Sek cues e ee Wells; soil varies ..........- 
Walsingham, S. ..... INO a2 ous ean ees Two cheese factories........ Wells Matis « Pak apc: ant eee 
Walsingham, N....... NG 5 Ot the elo eis ate Three cheese factories..... LWOlIS Goghniec seranmty ce sine 
VV OOLWCLCH sissies on tas ora oil rola eee ec eet s Santossie gine ae sates ektete ener eoceccccenes| Wells and springs ; soil light 

| | loam. 
| 
WAH ACE sine dak chte NOtvan oeaaes sunt wes Three cheese. factories; 2/Wells........ .... ...-.--- 
hands in each. 
Wainfleet, «5... ec: 36 Nore fides 12 siete sitions NOnGi rr cere tek eaters ce e's Wells and river... ice. a-ere 
Waterloo... 00... 028 None supplied........ | BN Gree ee he RE Pa i open Usually gravel sub-soil...... 
Wellesley ............ Oe Ss tear sage trace ote as Saree | aE Carden NUE aHre ane Pee onine ciate Silla eh ace 2 Os etcete cme e ReOaE 
Wawanosh, E........ Not supplied ......... Fake catanratat edstecate a iae ameter ene : oc nunlghstas Halels gay a, hie wept 
DV AWATIOBD SAVY % stele snd Ne cite lnaltie csuis pe une, 0 oe Pe ee ee yO Pe we OR EM Py hn Pee oc ded = 
WVELIATIBDUTS As.c'e se sictathigsd rete’ 6.04 ape sled «eat ae Sec hein'd & oelaese osc aoe ee elie stele RY PARRA PAR Mel CBE Oy ts 
AW Uberforce;, ANG TING [Soi b0.. vec eee siccare oicets | ns ame pblecercia a lara emia iyetera's aia ae 5 a Skat seb a2e lecoualeti Cate tenemos Croan 
Algona. 
Whitchurch .......%.. IN OMG Ye sale ays sid mecatte ote NONG. 5. cairs ens ooinie se Seashaes Wells 428.07 andiG canes 


27 4 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A, 1896 


SSSSeeoaoaoaooaoaoaoQoquououououononoao eo 
TOW NSHIPS.— Continued. 


Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
posed of, whether! kind of noxious 
by dry earth| trades. How licen- 
closets. If so, is| sed and regulated? 
there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
moval. Health Act.) 


No. of dairy cows, |Slaughterhouses. Disposal of garbage 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil, 
veterinary inspec-} censed. How| whether by con- 
tion? Give details) drained and how| tract or only by 
of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder, 
tion of herds for 
tuberculosis, 


a ae ee 


| 
INORG! tert ents oats a's: Wone tous ee Aenean eae nee fae cera «oe | RAT Parl #5 Be eee 4 None 
LES, 8 Ge aor a re Threamyae were teen eee. es Mus hee, ONO ae Sevanie Wore aks 
| 
No renord 24a 2: None euracee sors at Householder........ aecaita en holt ent share ‘ one 
Pent Knows no Host NON arr he elec te te ts Steck socal oo Ae Appa I | ciaiste: Nis) stoma laneter ec etete ees 
one KNOW nO OTN ONetene tines home cule oo. Fok aes | eine § cere tie sala’ Up baete heaneee es Geet are 
ee | 
None ; veterinary in-|Two ............... Householder. naw sctance bo fete tees ade eee ee ee r 
spection made in 2 | 
cases, animals 
slaughtered. | | 
ache elses s sfoWiatais ote One seveesesseese+ sf OUCbOLMEE oes seefessevvesseeeecessesa[eceeccosssne nee 
| 
EN OUORITION STs PeatecS 5 Pitty ates oe hood te Householder........ Buried. ta uassience None 
333 cows ; veterinary|Thirteen slaughter-|Carted on to land by] ........... athe!s Ho Glue factory; un- 
inspection ; no ex-| houses; natural] householder. licensed. 
amination. drainage ; offal fed 
to hogs. 
EMH Ned ni Pans sie Se Levels cttiaud cbse itale'e's oats « LS oee alle ta oer eee Sd ale CL ee. ee oe ck None 
No inspection ..... BT GTO Mees Giteiaie ss trois As, mosti.convenient: i)... oehue ss. ek eces Nove 
Bo ron. ets [ies tactics racane aratiete o atand | aCe Sib hs its Coens ecetacray Ge pS Koe 
| | 
ei 4 en are Ra! ee 
ilas lata lene kas hia Vo oi bi ae a pleted ae alae ah ewe touche es Satie x cles bal NN ODG 
| 
No inspection,...... HMOUr gIMeOAb~ RESOCIA- | Wo. os ons o's cave then tot oc Pits and dry earth..|None. 
tions have four | 
slaughterhouses. | | 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS— (Concluded. 


Names of M.H.O. and|State extent and methods of Contagious diseases. 
sanitary inspector. general inspection. 
Municipality. 
Westminster.......... AiG Routledge,s Mare cis cs A large number of cases of 
.; T. Tomlinson, typhoid. 
sanitary inspector. 
Woolwich........... W. O. Robinson, M.D|Inspection made when re-|Scarlatina, 1 death ; typhoid, 
quired. 32, 2 deaths. 
VV AAINOU cide cae fs cick W. R. Nichols, M.D.;}Annual inspection made and Diphtheria, 6 cases ; typhoid, 
J. Wahl, sanitary in-| special on complaint. 12 cases. 
Spector sy. cy) we aes 
a 
| 
WAGE LA Anil Sekt iil rst sh Bintan eee eeu Each member of the Board|None.............ce0--:---. 
looks after his district. | 
| 
Wollaston ............ [Wm. Dafoe, M.D.; A./General inspection by den Diohthece an outbreak in 
Watt, sanitary in-| itary inspector. February and March. 
spector. 
Yarmouth............ R.L, Sanderson, M.D.;|By sanitary inspector....... Small pox, 1 case............ 


W. O. Pollick, sani- 
tary inspector, | 


Yonge and Escott|I. W. Lane, M.D.; W.|No general inspection made ; None 


** Front”. I. Malloy, sanitary} inspection made when»re--+-. -. == = 
inspector. quired. | 
PUOLK Stns crest oie tee Tok. Bee M.D.. 0.|Inspection by sanitary in-|Diphtheria, 15 cases; typhoid, 
V. Michell. spector, several cases. 


a a 


276 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Nc. 35). A. 1896 
Bea ace ere eee Oe eS eal RIN ae ree a 


TOWNSHIPS— Concluded. 
pla ena SR a dil A Se IP se Pes If, 


Isolation ef contagi-|Has vaccination been Disinfection of con-/Number of schools,|Average cubic air 
ous diseases, compulsory? State} tagious diseases.) number of rooms,| space to each pupil. 
State methods and| schooi children in Give details and] and attendance in 


whether any isola- municipality. How| how carried out. each. 
tion hospital. Many vaccinated 
in 1895, 
London Hospital|Well attended to. ..|.................... Twenty-two v.24 tage noe en 


used if necessary. 


Noy i voltuntary®. vaer}i see! an ee Disinfection is prac-|Twenty-one.........].................... 
eination; no hos- tised; was ing 
pital. room, bed clothin 


and: patient wit 
bi-chloride solu- | 


tion, 
| 
None ee: 3308s 53 ING Tart at Caen ee Coe Re Sevens. cers. soe ed bidet stare er ae R 
it iS ge INO..........0-00+6-|U sual disinfectants Hightown a. cet cae el cd oes t Soe ee 
used. 
peewee -toveeccecsees(INO3 children have|..... ............. Dwentyrone =. 2200s, (ex deta eee eee 
been vaccinated at 
school by order of 
the Board, 
( 
None, .2ki; bts None 77ec ese daees IN ONG erate ee Eighteen; 19...... Don’t know ........ 
| 
Such as can be em-|/No; cannot ON eae Attending physician Dwenty:fourt <0 a: (ses eee 
loyed in private does this under the 
ouses, aaa on of M. 


| | | 


277 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS—(Concluded. 


Forms for notification|Number of factories and in-|Water supply. Where wells 
by teachers and M.| stitutions. State their! are used give character of 
H.O. of contagious} character and number of] soil and sub-soil. 


Municipality. diseases. Are both| employees in each. 
supplied? Do both 
make use of them ? 

AV estiminster ry cas cached ss shits can ao eee Six cheese factories ......... All wells ; all kinds of soil .. 
Woolwich......... Harel aes Scie We «Pb oso Wp eatin Te Me's Wie sere ne s'els ote sug sre latgrats dole stare behets Neier ae tel cia aes ae ee 
WalmGbisa.ts. Gavi ste Not supplied ......... Flax mill, 7 hands; foun-|Wells; clay and sand loam.. 

dry, 7 hands; linseed oil 

mill, 30 hands ; Tannery, 2) 

hands; cigar box factory, 8 

hands; two grist mills, 5 

hands; six chopping mills, 

12 hands; nine blacksmith 

shops, 1 to 2 each; three 

cheese factories, 2 each; 

one creamery, 2; six tailor 

shops, 2 to 3; six shoe 

shops, 1 to 2; five butcher 

shops, 1 to’2; two cooper 

shops, 1 to 2; three cider 

‘ mills, 1 to 2, 
BV REGEN ont Ns ays ve ates Supply themselves....|One cheeese factory.... .... Heavy clay to sand ......... 
Wollaston 5.5. ¢s.o.ns Doni know... oaeee Two cheese factories ........ Generally from springs...... 
PEATINOULR yeu ac Gone | ticee a. ae eee eee | wb abe b's oie ola ours Mis eredeioe ade Rig habe cieie Miatece e Gti t Are tata ae eae 
Wougemand wh soo ptiDonit knows... cope eos een ee ee ee ne {Wells ; gravel and clay ..... 
“Hronty” 2 

BOL pre tate cla he TON | it See ate ott Sen One bolt works, one woollen|Wells and springs; mostly 


mill, one stove factory, one} clay soil. 
fat rendering factory, one 

paper mill, two potteries, 

three grist mills, four brick 

yards, 


278 


a 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 35). A. 1896 


TOW NSHIPS—-Concluded. 


No. of dairy cows.|Slaughterhouses, Disposal of garbage|Sewage. How dis-|State number and 
Is there medical or} Give number li-| and night soil, posed of, whether) kind of noxious 
veterinary inspec-| censed. How| whether by con-| by dry earth! trades, How licen- 
tion? Give details} drained and how| tract or only by| closets. If so, is} sed and regulated ? 


of any examina-| offal is disposed of.| householder. there contract re-| (See sec. 63 Public 
tion of herds for moval? Health Act.) 
tuberculosis, 

No examination or/Four licensed ...... By householder ....|Pits and dry earth|None. 
inspection. closets. 

\ ok pb i OBES A ees saree Malpiarewetereters | thous rad aitathe’s’s sys-ee| tee ec ev eh ec els feekts ¢'e1 NODOG 


Number unknown Biv e; no license;;Buried by house-|Dry earth closets ;|None. 
no inspection in! buried. holder. no contract. 
1894; tuberculosis 
found in cattle 
1895; 2 cattle de- 


| 
stroyed. 
400; none.......... INONGW iat sree atte se Householder........ Sree ate we evel Hacle see oe ieee SR ee eae 
Don’t know ........ None eee tern ots Ines ae ee eee Bea ws Secs ws odie « crere 6 None 
\ | 
No inspection ...... Seven adjoiningrcity sate. waiea etes  e aee e eats eae None 
of St. Thomas 
under inspection. 
INO se NONE 4 ooo. os None erat nee Householder........ Predict eaten h cele or Oat | + cet Ris aeons ame Pie Galata 
A great many; no|Some 20; offal fed to; Householder........ Householders: ayn 0}; seaace on feet 
tuberculosis. | hogs, contract removal. 


279 


ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE 


BUREAU OF INDUSTRIES 


FOR THE 


PROVINCE OF ONTARIO 
EIS! S) 


PARTS J, If AND IIJ—AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. 
(PUBLISHED BY THE ONTARIC DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.) 


PRINTED IBY ORDER OF THE 


PEGlSPATIVESASSEMBIEY OF ON FEARIO: 


LOLRON TO: 
WARWICK BRO'S & RUTTER, PRINTERS, &c., 68 AND 70 Front Street Wesv, 
LS 9 6, 


ee 
San. ol 


a aS 


- 
+ 
# 


Le, 
oa 
‘ 


a 


7" 
’ 


ie a : Cae ar 14u ay ie 
Si Ge Be A 4 ah 
ne nae 


FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE 


BURBALD ©F INDUSTRIES 


BARSe LoL AND EEL 


180. 


To THE HONORABLE THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE : 


Sir,—I have the honor to present herewith Parts I, II and IIL of the fourteenth 
annual report of the Bureau of Industries, being the Agricultural Statistics of Ontario 


for the year 1895. 


I have the honor .to be, Sir, 


Your obedient servant, 


C. C. JAMES, 
Secretary. 


Toronto, Oct. 12th, 1896. 


By 
hel 
é 
<q 


x 9 y 4 * he 
en “e a : ao | ; aif) 8; 
D2) ta . ¥ 
ea) Oo: ( 4 & : 
ia a Sal - I’ 2 40 
ee Far tae 
My, q Es 
sees 


+ 
bs 


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2+ 
5 
, 


Sa 
“sf 
es 

¥ 


= 


all 


. : adi : ‘ , ‘ . en ae 
< : an Pel P. ety, 2 ‘ a ea - Hees 4 $i0 F hie, y 
ep. Mtoe | ¢ Mae GN, SEA sh OY iy HAE SORE AE 5 


et 4 


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PN EOL, ORS Ws Gere eae 


wy 


' 


CONTENTS. 


LETTER OF TRANSMISSION, 


PART I—THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. 
THE WEATHER: 


Temperature for the six months April-September, 2—Precipitation of rain and snow during 
November-March, 1894-95, 3—Rainfall during April-September, 3—Sunshine during April- 
September, 4. 


Farm LANDS OF THE PROVINCE: 
Rural] areas assessed, 5—Area in pasture, 5 —Area in crops, 6—Area in crops by county groups, 6 
—Proportional areas under crop, 7. 
Fatt WHEAT: 


Og of the crop, 7—Table giving area and yield by county groups, 8—The new crop of fall 
wheat, 9, 


SPRING WHEAT: 

Condition of the crop, 9—Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 9. 
BaRLRy : 

Condition of the crop, 10—Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 10. 
Oats : 

Condition of the crop, 10—Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 11. 
Ry: 

Condition of the crop, 11—Table giviag acreage and yield by county groups, 12. 
PEAS: 

Conditioa of the crop, 12—Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 12. 
Corn : 


Condition of the crop, 13—Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 13—Remarks of cor- 
respondents, 14, 


BUCKWHBAT: : 

Condition of the crop, 15—Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 15. 
BEANS: 

Condition of the crop, 16—Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 16. 
FIELD Roots : 

Potatoes, 16 —Mangel-wurzels, 17—Carrots, 18—Turnips, 18. 
Hay AND CLOVER: 

Condition of the crop, 19— Table giving acreage and yield by county groups, 19. 
COMPARATIVE YIELDS OF FIELD Crops: 


Aggregate yield of field crops, 20—Average yields per acre, 20—Ratios of aggregate crops, 2i— 
Ratios of yield per acre, 21. 


FRUIT AND FRuvuItT TREES: 


General condition of orchards during the year, 22—Area in orchard and garden, 22—Imports of 
fruit at the Port of Toronto, 23—Remarks of correspondents, 23. 


Faru Suppiizs: 
THRESHING AND MARKETING : 
Fatt PLowIne : 
FARM IMPROVEMENTS: 
Remarks of correspondents, 25, 
THE PEANUT: 
THE BLuEBIRD: 
STATISTICS OF THE WEATHER AND THE Crops: 


TABLE I. Showing foreach month the highest, lowest, mean highest, mean lowest, and mean tem- 
perature at the principal stations in Ontario in 1895 ; also the annual mean for each station. 


TABLE II, Showing for each month the annual average of the highest, lowest, mean highest, mean 
lowest and mean temperature at the principal stations in Ontario, derived for the fourteen 
years 1882-95 ; also the average annual mean at each station for the same period............ 


TaBLe 1, Monthly summary of bright sunshine at the principal stations in Ontario in 1895, 
»howing the number of hours the sun was above the horizon, the hours of registered sunshine, 
and the total for the year ; also the average derived for the fourteen years 1882-95 ......... 


PAGE, 


16 


19 


22 


39 


40 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


TABLE Iv. Monthly summary of inches of rain and snow precipitation in the several districts of 
Ontario in 1895 ; also the average derived for the fourteen years 1882-95..............+2+0:- 41 


TaBLE v. Summary of the total fall of rain and snow, and of the number of days on which rain 
or snow fell in Ontario during the years 1894 and 195 at stations reporting for the whole 


year and the average for the Province...... 2... cee rece cece eee ee eres cece tees ceeee, 41 
TABLE vI. Comparative meteorological register for the seven years 1889-95, as recorded at 

Toronto Observatory ©... Siac kale a tulnc cue so regis t geaem eee Ue lstele sree cis Sain ow ap Pls sustain ines 43 
TABLE vil. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the rural area of Ontario 

as returned by municipal assessors for 1895 ...... ig see Ohne pian eee s Te shop Se MY SERS 44 


TABLE Vill. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
fall wheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen 
years 1882-95 ; also the yield per acre 0... . 6... ccc cece ee ete tee e eer ee eeeseesessseeeeee 45 


TABLE Ix. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
spring wheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fouteen 
years 1882-95; also. the yield per acre .... 2.0. -.-ceseseci- sean merce ee nme dees ss aves seins 46 


TABLE X. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
barley in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 
1€82-95 ; also the yield per acre ..............- PP RB Me ry re tA reine es We acdsee iby 8 47 


TABLE x1, Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
oats in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 
1882-95; also the yield per acre? .; ..s.0¢ea! mayece teres keepin ROPE Sar eines he hn 48 


TABLE x11. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
rye in Ontario for the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 


1882-95 ; also the yield per acré 52... oie kee cect ews caecnesernessecesessewee terse esen 49 
TABLE x1U. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 

peas in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 

1882-95.* also the yield periacre 4 2. ae 6. «s scts ii et nies o'slb so misiy © ister cerns sisimille ewe tien itu eras 50 


TABLE xIv. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area, produce and 
yield per acre of corn for busking and for silo and fodder for the year 1895 ; also the total 
acreage for 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 .......... dL 


TABLE xv. Showing by county municipalities and grours of counties the area and produce of 
buckwheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen 
years 1882-95; also the yield per Acre . 2... ... cece cece eee e reer eee ene ns ter eeeseeeeee 52 


TABLE xvi. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 


beans in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1695, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 
1882-95: also the yield per Acre. 2.7 Sec. cael cae Cem neee see sues eee 064 szisiaislee eee mee 53 


TABLE xvil. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
hay and clover in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen 
years 1882-95; also the yield per acre ........- cece cece eee cence eee n ees c eens eeeeeeeeee 54 


TABLE xvilI. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
potatoes in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 
1882-95 + also theryield per acre fac) vsce so afey aie gyoe ein owe aisles yh ogi a ole le™ plomeigiereesid a oe 55 


TABLE xIx. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
mangel-wurzels in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen 
years 1882-95; also the yield per acre ...... oe Nc MRS Sel ea eae noe eeecee ear ae 56 


TABLE xx. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 
carrots in Ontario for the years 194 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 


1882:95's also the yield ‘per:acre} ine de Sigma ale . 24 8E SL pgm islelemnelnislars emia te ape Orals alg eleneietelni 57 
TABLE XxI. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the area and produce of 

turnips in Ontario in the years 1894 ard 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 

1882-95 :also the yield per:Acre a. secu... sor es seeic nes sie re ot Wes ola ns tuieindeie nd Seen selene 58 
TABLE xxl. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the per cent. ratios of 

total yields in 1895 to average of total yields for the fourteen years 1882-95 ..... ..... «++. 59 
TABLE xxl. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the per cent. ratics of , 

average yields per acre in 1895 to average yields per acre for the fourteen years 1882-95...... 60 
TABLE xxIv. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the total area under crop 

enumerated in tables viii.-xxi., for the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the 

fourteen years 1882-95; also the area in pasture and in orchard and garden for the same 

POLIO sas chews Sine ule 6c s.5's ies wlalereren chap iate infer a's tn) aoe punch Iara eS areas PUG Ae cR NE SE. Sle vu wees 61 
TaBLE xxv. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the number of acres under 

the various crops in Ontario in 1895 per 1,000 acres of cleared land .........+.eeeee-0 ee eee 62 
TABLE xxvi. Showing a comparison of the average yield per acre of cereals in Ontario and the 

principal grain-growing States cf the American Union and of Manitoba for each of the ten 

years 1886-95, together with the average,for the fom teen years 1882-95 ...........4.- eg ae 63 
Wheat crops of the United States, 1€80-1895...... 6... eee c cence ee eee ees cette tence ee eeeees 64 
The wheat.crop of, the world 5 ,...¢. -@~sc-0n-+<on-aae Os NW an tra tame stale ale ek cae wete eee ances 64 
Principal crops of the United States in 1895..... Lene tee eee e eee e eee e eran ie eeeeeeer sree tee os 66 


Vi. 


29 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


. PAGE, 
PART II.—LIVE STOCK, THE DAIRY AND THE APITIARY., 


LivE Stock: 65 


General review of the condition of live stock in Ontario during 1895, 65—Table showing by 
county groups the number of horses for the five years 1891-95, 63—Table showing by county 
groups the number of hogs for the five years 1891-95, 68—Table showing by county groups 
the number of cattle for the five years 1891-5, 69—Table showing by county groups the num- 
ber of sheep for the five years 1891-95, 69—Table showing by county groups the wool clip in 
1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95, 70—Table showing by 
county groups the number of poultry for the five years 1891-95. 70—Remarks by correspon- 


dents, 71-Tsble showing by county groups the number of live stock sold in years ending 
June 30th, 1894 and 1893, 73. 


THE APIARY: 74 


General condition of bees, 74—Number of hives and value of apiary outfit, 74—Remarks of cor- 
respondents, 74. 


Tue Darry: 76 


General review, 76—Remarks of correspondents, 76—Table giving sbatistics for all factories for 
the thirteen years 1883-95, 79—Monthly statistics of cheese factories, 80—Table giving the 
statistics of creameries, 80. 


CHEESE FACTORIES AND CREAMERIES IN ONTARIO: 81 


List of factories in operation in 1895, with name and post office address of the secretary of each 
factory, 81—Creameries in Ontario in 1895, 99 —List of cheese and butter Boards, 102—hist 
of Dairy Inspectors and Instructors, 102—Dairy Schools of Ontario, 102. 


SraTistics oF Live Stock ANB Dairy Propucts: 103 
TABLE I. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the number of horses and 


here dur Onbarionnethe years LOUS an LSI 5. set ie cyaretslste ta whole ghoaianva ss. t o7abe! Po1s 4 si 2 thoes tgere ee wore 104 
TaBLe 11. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the number of cattle in 
COHEALIONITU LUG Y CATSIL G04 ANG ASO miele Ate die cacieaiets Darel ay Risen Se, daicidin GK Wa hbcdigl SPaveidcavete 105 
TaBLE 11. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the number of sheep and 
poultry, i Outnrig im the years PS0P an 1690 vii cele Nelcer sa siacics oo usd sete ee snk n ening ee aoe 106 
TABLE Iv. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the number of horses, cattle, 
sheep, hogs and poultry sold in the Province of Ontario in the years ending June 30, 1894 
Ses CLL ace ce re RE SEE ae 4 UUM MRA indy aiaasiclers's a. afs ho #a res oad’ £RS Cha a wus. wees 107 
TABLE Vv. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the clip of wool in Ontario 
in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1832-95 ; also the 
SVEN STUN DOr solo OSM er TL OCCOr i: 5 cn ianccid dey o sibrmd 8 n)s arate Gare’ she\ere Sich (ea. rinlaininse: hhajeiene ote wate 108 
TABLE vi. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the number and value of 
hives of bees kept in said municipalities for the years 18938, 1894 and 1895 .................. 109 
TABLE vil. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the quantity and value of 
cheese made at 721 factories in Ontario in 1895, the amount paid to patrons, and the total 
HUMber OE AACLOTIOS FEDOTLOG Ul UPCFAUIOIN Hrekisel iti 5 Gis thelial ee Soroka kd daly vice sian dees wit lels 110 
PART III.—VALUES, RENTS AND FARM WAGES. 
VALUES OF FARM PROPERTY : Thi 
Comparative table showing by county groups the value of farm lands, buildings, implements and 
live stock for the years 1894 and 1895, and for the Province for the thirteen years 1883-95, 
111—Values per acre, 112—Rental of leased farms, 113. 
VALUES OF LIVE STock : 113 
Value of horses, 113—Value of cattle, 1J4—Values of sheep and of hogs, 114-- Vaiues of poultry 
end of total live stock, 115— Value of live stock per head, 115. 
VALUES OF CROPS: 116 
Market prices, 116 —Value of crops, 117—Crop values by county groups, J17—Value of produce 
per acre under cropg 118—Per cent. ratios of values per acre, 118, 
Farm LABOR AND WAGES: 119 


Wages of farm laborers and domestic servants, 119—Remarks of correspondents, 120, 
Vii. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


PAGE, 

STATISTICS OF VALUES, RENTS AND Farm WAGES: 123 
TaBLE I. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the values of farm land, 

buildings and implements in Ontario in 1894 and 1895 .......... cc cece cece cc eee cence 124 


TABLE 1. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the values of farm live stock 
and total farm property in Ontario in 1894 and 1895, also the rent per acre of leased farms as 
reported in 1894, with the averages derived for the ten years, 1886-95 ................0eeeee 126 - 


TABLE 111. Shewing by county municipalities and groups of counties the average value per acre 
occupied of farm land, buildings, implements and live stock in Ontario for the years 1894 


HNC LSI Peery awe se ce bas Us eee CONE cetee crete ets slots aah eed: clea sagts cee WaLammimuutel anime as 126 
TABLE 1v. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value of horses, milch 

cows, other cattle and the total cattle for the years 1894 and 1895..... Sean ge rent ate Sore 127 
TABLE v. Showing ly county municipalities and groups of counties the value of sheep, hogs 

and poultry for the years 1894 and 1595 ........ anislads came ‘ya bis cats og sivaeabencie Fake oot ee atare 128 
TABLE VI. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value of live stock sold 

or killed in the years ending June 30, 1894 and 1895 ........... é patina Wetele Sine Gre me fale aaa 129 


TABLE vil. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value per head of the 
several classes of horses and cattle in the Province for the year 1895, and also the value per 
head of all the horges and cattle sold for the same period......... cc ceccc cence rc ceccsceees 130 


TABLE Ix. Showing the average price of agricultural products at the leading markets of Ontario 
for July-December, 1895, and the average for the half year and for the Province............ 132 


TABLE x. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value at market prices 
of the total crop of fall and spring wheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the 
yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 ............ .eeeeees Woks Seond cette pis ROO eee 136. 


TABLE XI. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value at market prices 
of the total crop of barley and oats in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly 
average for the fourteen years 1882-95...........c-eceeeeecete « eeele satire a Pearth ant win eae 137 


TaBLE xu, Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value at market prices 
of the total crop of rye and peas in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly 
average for the fourteen years 1882-95..... Nig Wor, diielelale © clara 9 Ma tists ietelore at We tele, 4c ven che rime tate 138 


TABLE xlll, Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value at market 
prices of the total crop of corn (for husking and silo) and buckwheat in Ontario in the years 
1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95............... eeedeee loo 


TABLE xiv. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value at market prices 
of the total crop of beans and potatoes in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the 
yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 ss We 5) ics scjens sue Viole 4.0 ele + elle osha\ seems wind lana ave 140: 


TABLE xv. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value at market prices 
of the total crop of msngel-wurzels and carrots in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with 
the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-9D 002i. vc dlnncje ese veins ous tase cee eel vase nines 141 


TABLE xvi. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the value at market 
prices of the total crop of turnips and hay and clover in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, 
with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 ........ cc seceerccccsccccsesecsccess 142 


TABLE xvil, Showing by county municipalities and grcups of counties the aggregate value of all 
fields crops in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen 
years 1882-95; also the value at market price of the total clip of wool in 1894 and 1895, with 
the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95, cs Qos. 2 sem oe aise ss ue mine tele seis sleeaee 143° 


TABLE xvull. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the market value of crop 
per acre of wheat and harley in Ontario in 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-90 6 suc sans se een te ss Gal ee hing = = Oe npalele S'alcele a thw iene) sis eine eer 144 


TABLE X)X. Shcwing by ccunty municipalities and groups of counties the market value of crop 
per acre of oats, rye and peas in Ontario in 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the 
fourteen years 188290, «sc. s acs +) ols» ous sueictartem ine bes ain wate a es Rae ei eae 145 


TABLE xx. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the average market value 
of crop per acre of corn, buckwheat and beans in Ontario in 1894 and 1895, with the yearly 
average for the fourteen: years 1882-90 15... ocean oi ape ne ae viele tint: Caney weniae eee 0 ae Ee 


TABLE xxI. Showing by county municipalities and groups of counties the market value of crop 
per acre of potatoes, mangel-wurzels and carrots in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with 
the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95,............ a aly ate avace Secale ie gta Suse gee E 147 


TABLE xxIIl. Showirg by county municipalities and grcups of ccunties the market value per 
acre of turnips, hay and clover and all field crops in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, w th 
the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95............sceeeceeeees ARAM PP OI ae 2 148 


Vill. 


Lesh aed Neb Bp 


THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. 


THE WEATHER. 


The nature and quality of the soil of course have much to do in determining the 
success or failure of crops, but temperature, precipitation and sunshine are also most 
important factors. Early or late frosts, and alternating freezing and thawing in winter, 
may do much injury, and floods or drouth may ruin promising growing crops, while on 
the other hand seasonable temperature and timely snow or rain falls, and a due share of 
sunshine, usually mean splendid crops matured in the best possible condition. Hence 
the interest attached to the following weather tables. 


The following is extracted from the June Bulletin: “The crop season of 1895 began 
with a deficiency of rain, the precipitation of the four months, November to February, 
having been 2.89 inches less than the average. This was further intensified by a very 
low rainfall in March, April and May, the total for these three months being two inches 
less than the average. The total precipitation for March, April and May, 1895, was 5.53. 
inches, for May alone in 1894 it was 5.72 inches. May was a month of extremes. It 
began with high temperature, which continued for eleven days, during which there were 
frequent thunder-showers. From the 12th to the 21st was a period of low temperature, 
heavy frosts resulting over a large portion of the continent. Ice was formed in many 
places from {to # inch thick. After the 21st’ the weather became more moderate, 
aluhough on the 27th and 28th the temperature fell nearly to freezing. These May frosts 
were exceedingly severe in nearly all parts of the Province, as well as in the adjoining 
States. The second frost was felt in many places in the southwest, where the’ first had 
done little damage. The inland and higher sections suffered exceedingly, A narrow 
strip along Lake Erie and Ontario was more fortunate, especially where sheltered by 
higher land. These frosts have done extensive damage to the more tender fruits, early 
vegetables, nut-bearing trees, imported shrubs, young hedges, and, in some districts, also, 
to the fall wheat and spring grains ; but the probability is that the amount of injury has 
been somewhat exaggerated in many districts, and that many crops will recover. The 
month ended excessively warm. The highest records for the month were as follows : 
Rockliffe, 97 degrees ; Stony Creek, 97; Toronto, 95.7 ; Lindsay, 94.7 ; London, 94; 
Ottawa, 93.5; Saugeen, 85.9. The lowest records were as follows : Lambton county, 23 ; 
Woodstock, 23.7 ; London, 25; Saugeen, 25.1; Rockliffe, 26 ; Lindsay, 27.2; Ottawa, 
27.5 ; Toronto, 27.9 ; Stony Creek, 29. At Rockliffe and in Lambton county the range 
was 71 degrees. In 1894 the greatest range was 51 degrees (Stony Creek, 33 to 84 
degrees).” 


From the August Bulletin we quote: “An unusual occurrence in temperature is 
worth noting in the fact during June and July the highest relative temperature occurred 
on the Upper Ottawa and the lowest in the county of Oxford, Woodstock during June 
being the only one of ' the ten stations showing a temperature below the average of the 
Province. This is supposed to have been caused by a deficiency of night temperature, 

1 B,I, (1-8) 


69 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36) A. 1896 


77 SUR ES OORT CGE MURR orice nica dat NC BI SN eC ee 


The average rainfall of the Province for the six months amounted to only 12.72 
inches, being 2.57 inches less than the average for the fourteen years, 1882-95. The 
precipitation appears to have been fairly distributed in the four districts. The rainfall 
of the Province in June was only 1,37 inch, or less than one-half that of the average of 
the month for the fourteen years. In April, May and July the precipitation was also 
below the average of each of those months. In August, however, there was a slight 
increase in the amount of rainfall, while in September the figures for 1895 exactly agree 
with those for 1882-95, 


SunsHing. The following table gives the record of sunshine recorded at five stations 
for the six months April to September inclusive, for the year 1894 and 1895, and also 
the average for the thirteen years 1883-95. The last column gives the hours of possible 
sunshine calculated for latitude 45°. 


| 
3 | | Sg o & 5 aoe 
(e) 
Months. a a =i | ¢ $ & a8 a 
} ‘o) MM uo) PS One 
© 5 3 = = o8 Sos 
S a | aa 4 i au RD | 
hours. | hours. | hours. hours. | hours. | hours. hours. 
1895 ....| 193.2} 200.1 | 190.71} 199.5) 199.11 195.1 
‘Aprilt, @ fece. 1894 ....| 186.2 | 223.6 | 221.71 999.2! 910.9 | 219:9 | b4og.4 
1883-95..} 184.0 | 197.6 | 176.9! 204.9 | 195.1] 191.7 
| 1895 . 267.6 | 261.4] 250.4 | 246.0) 9235.9 | 252.1 | 
May ont ihe 1894 . 170.1} 177.1 | 168.2} 168.8 | 294.2} 181-7 1446141 
1883-95..| 202.3 | 216.8} 198.2] 214.1! 216.4| 909'6 | 
| 1895 296.9 | 285.5 | 281.2] 9280.6 | 287.4! 946.3 | 
Pines ki fot. 1894 . 265.3 | 262.2 | 296.4 | 235.8 | 293.4 | 244.6 | 4465.7 | 
1883-95..| 241.4 | 259.2 | 297.1 | 255.3 | 246.2 | 245 | 
1895 ....; 241.7 | 242:3| 291.5 | 205.1! 251.5] 979.5 | 
Truly oie Mae ne 1894 ..../ 306.8 | 266.2 | 283.41 266.8 | 957-71 976.2 | 4470.9 | 
1883-95..] 274.2 | 283.3 | 259.1 | 275.0 | 269.7) 27973 
1895 ....} 236.7 | 236.5] 214.8] 199.6] 259.5 | 998.0 | 
August ........ 1894 ....| 207.2 | 227.7 | 217.5 | 183.41 9200.8 | 907.3 Laos. | 
1883-95..| 232.4 | 248.2 | 215.5] 246.0| 244.5 | 9387/3 | ~| 
1895 ....| 191.2] 208.9] 182.6 | 193.4} 194.6] 194.1 | 
September ..... 1894 ..../ 109.4 | 191.4] 179.9] 143.7] 157.4] 156.4 | b376.3 
1883-95..| 184.4 | 216.4} 165.0] 202.8] 197.1! 1931 
1895 ..../ 1427.3 | 1434.7 | 1341.2 | 1324.2 | 1413.3 | 1388.1 
AN 81x ' 1894 . ..] 1245/0 | 1348/9 | 1287.1 | 1220.7 | 1284.4 | 1979'1 Lomas 
Os <i 1883-95..| 1318.7 | 1421.5 | 1241.8 | 1398.1 | 1869.0 | 1349.8 


"Sule 7 Wi Gl mat Re a oe ae 


Out of 2,614.9 hours of possible sunshine in the six months comprising the table, 
1,388.1 were registered in 1895, being 109 hours more than in the previous year, and 
38.3 more than the average for the thirteen years, 1883-95. May wasa particularly 
bright month, while August was the only month that fell below its record for the thir- 
teen years, Toronto, as usual, experienced the largest number of hours of sunshine and 
Lindsay the least. 


oe 
4 . af) Fi 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 
Ao w SS oe a1 aL Aan ee se ee ine a ME Pane hea eS 
FARM LANDS OF THE PROVINCE. 

Rurat AREA ASSESSED. The table following gives the acreage assessed 


in townships which are municipally organized, by county groups, the total for the Pro- 
vince being given for all classes of land for 1894 and 1895 ; 


| Acres assessed. Acres cleared. | Acres at 
wamp,/_g 2 

Districts. | re | lw eon d marsh ” me a 
: on- or ies: 

Resident. naatone. | Total. 1895. 1894. | waste ode = 

Lake Erie .......... 2,303,434 32,654| 2,336,088] 1,533,381] 1,512,231 707,446 96,261) 5.6 
Lake Huron........ 2,248,193 64,209] 2,312,402} 1,439,700] 1,420,489 607,865 264,837 62.3 
Georgian Bay ...... 1,980,445} . 49,016] 2,029,461} 1,149,615 1,123,082 597,213 282,633/56.6 
West Midland...... 3,225, 662 27,916] 3,253,573] 2,415,403] 2,388,731 532,864 305,311|74.2 
Lake Ontario....... 3, 006, 182 41,852} 3,048,034) 2,362,356; 2,357,777 415,533 270,140|77 .5 
St. Law. and Ottawa 5,135,737 196,795| 5,332,532} 2,430,732) 2,413,419 2,010,549 891,251/45.6 
East Midland ....| 2,549,307 147,370] 2,696,677 897,789 890,515} 1,316,752 482,136 33.3 
Northern Districts. . ee 421,608} 2, al 198,016 creel 1,669,192 237,335; 9.4 
PhoiProv: iaaey 22,131,895 981,420] 23,113,315] 12,426,992). ........ 7,857,419 9,898 904168.8 
eee e864 NC 1,006,175 Boer a ie Sa 12,292,610] 7,859,714 Rees 


i a a a a ee a 


There are 23,113,315 acres in the assessed rural area of the Province, of which 
12,426,992 acres, or a percentage of 53.8, are cleared, compared with 53.4 in 1894. The 
total area shows an increase of 74,341 acres over the previous year, while the acreage of 
cleared land has increased by 134,382. The area of wood land is slightly less than in 
the preceding year, but there are 57,746 acres less of Swamp and marsh land. There is 
also a continued decrease in non-resident land. The Lake Ontario group still shows the 
highest ratio of cleared land. 


AREA IN Pasture. The number of acres in pasture is given in the following 
table by county groups and for the Province for each of the five years 1891-95, and also 
the percentage of cleared land in pasture in 1895: j 


: Piel) tructted S Di oe se) a 
2 5 F = Ha Pees, |S Beene 5 
Year. = ae = — or hd aS = fede: nS 
& g 5 Ei aie DewouUt ee pipes : 
S 8 ) S 8 Gs ° a) 
% = H o e | 4 n cs Zi | = 
| acres. | acres. | acres. , acres. | acres. | acres. | acres. | acres. acres, 
POUT ea Stich, here ete 261,181 | 373,061 | 235,602 | 518,394 | 391,876 705,175 | 209,859 | 33,507 | 2,728,655 
Rott RI at it ee Oe eae 247,530 | 369,178 | 233,935 | 519,802 388,225 | 711,042 | 200,979 | 32,550 | 2,703,241 
SQS1 he MR Oh | 247,557 | 376,258 | 228,361 | 535,379 | 367,048 | 695,576 | 199,514 | 32,487 | 2'682°180 
DS OF i rts ly Sethe ct 238,565 | 350,067 | 222,766 | 504,588 360,243 | 673,231 | 184,389 | 28,191 | 2,562,040 
LUD INGA gs gee tas SC a | 269,189 | 381,578 | 234,623 | 530,858 | 379,627 693,923 | 201,289 | 30,194 | 2,721,281 
Rate per 1,000 bleaned| 
| 204.9 | 214.6 | 165.9 | 290.1 | 233.8 | 169.2 219.6 


HRA SOD ee APRs | 170.3 | 259.1 
a ee ee eee RE cle 


There were 2,728,655 acres in pasture in 1895, which is more than in the case of any 
other year in the table. The ratio per 1,000 acres cleared is 219.6 for the Province, 
ranging from 165.9 in the Lake Ontario district to 290.1 in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 


group. : 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), A, 1896 


ACREAGE UNDER CRopP. The following table gives the acreage under crop 
for each of the five years 1891-5, and also the average for the fourteen years 1882-95. 


4 
Field crops. 1895, | 1894. | 1893. 1892. 1891. 


1882-95, 
acres acres acres acres. acres | acres 
Wall wheat... 5. sc .s ese 743,199 | 778,992 913,954 966,522 849, 956 887,938 
epring wheat:..:..<.>. 223, 957 230,016 356,721 651,302 510,634 506,962 
HDATIGY 5 trae ie ores cats te 478,046 486,261 467,315 499, 225 553, 166 668, 807 
ate eee tees ak sere ad 2,373,309 2,342,766 | 1,936,644 1,861,469 1,840,636 1,796,160 
IYO ye cc ciety Mes ee 120,350 90,144 68,486 73,073 67,865 99,172 
OMA HE ck haute Gea, cals ate: 799,963 | 785, ts | 738,741 | ih 732 752,453 699,148 
Husking ...... 302,929 267,34 217,294 181,463 
Com..) Fodder... 149,899 111.361 95,885 91,403 } 241,086 241,167 
Buckwheat............ 135,262 145,268 133,828 125,104 107,879 87,983 
IBGANB Hes tice iets vhes 3 ote 72,747 59,281 | 48,858 33,249 41,451 34,010 
FOLALOGS ants ate ec. ae bik 184,647 167,253 142,601 145,703 160,218 156,764 
Mangel-wurzels........ | 34,383 | 27,670 21,519 22,026 22,961 21,504 
Osrrotaic icine cones 13,002 11,186 9,288 9,941 9,858 10,546 
PUINT DS wae Meee ec e Wek 151,806 147,657 136, €04 129,627 126,075 115,366 
Hay and clover........ 2,537,674 | 2,576, 943 | 2,706,894 2,515,367 2,549,975 2,378,702 
otal Mis vec aeny 8,321,173 | 8,227,153 | 8,054,612 8,080, 206 7,834,213 | 7,704,229 


. The acreage of all field crops in 1895 was 8,321,173, being 94,020 more than in the 
preceding year. A shrinkage is observed in the areas devoted to both fall and spring 
wheat, barley, buckwheat, and hay and clover, while there is an increase in the acreages 
of the other crops, more especially in corn for both husking anc fodder purposes, 


The table following gives the acreage of all the crops mentioned in the foregoing 
table, and for the same periods, by county groups and for the Province : 


5 ~ ro oe S Dee | 3 0) 
2 5 s S | aS zc aS 5 
Year 2 belo aS ie ec Ors ti BOC eel eS eee 
oO @O ~ Sex! Oo So 4 are 
ce fe 3 ¢ re ad | E 5A eS 
H 4 o = H me ca A = 
acres. acres. acres. acres. acres, acres. acres. acres. acres, 
1895........| 1,057,730 | 909,262 | 773,416 | 1,651,847 | 1,676,762 | 1,511,493 | 597,027 | 143,636 | 8,321,173 
UEC EBs aN as 1,047,297 | 873,424 | 758,184 | 1,594,356 | 1,687,718 | 1,529,255 | 596,254 | 140,665 | 8,227,153 * 
A SOS eis oe okt 1,046,128 | 869,971 | 733,656 | 1,535,218 1 80,188 1,490,433 | 581,869 | 137,199 | 8,054,612 
1809 te ae 1,002,829 | 869,630 | 733,539 | 1,542,550 | 1,696,482 | 1,503,724 | 593,111 | 138,341 | 8,080,206 
1891 MiGs te 990,197 | 844,278 ae 1,504,482 | 1,635,753 | 1,463,449 | 571,755 | 127,738 | 7,834,213 
verage 
1882-95..| 968,693 | 813,798 | 692,152 | 1,497,855 | pL aCG) 1,429,507 | 567,828 | 164,489 | 7,704,229 
| } 


In every district excepting the Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence and Ottawa, an 
increase is shown compared with the figures for the previous year. The Lake Ontario 
and West Midland groups have the largest areas under crop. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


PROPORTIONAL AREAS UNDER QORop. The relative distribution of the 
various crops per 1,000 acres cleared is given in the following table, by county groups 
and for the Province for 1894 and 1895, together with the average for the fourteen years 
1882-95 : 


3 5 | rs | wn a TS 
-<t as ° fe u oil oO] a g & 

Districts. bo § Ks r ey ir by | i s fo 5 S e a a 

(oa| ‘EB i me) Sa 3s =] 3) 3 » |@ee| i ars S 

3s Qo 3 3 oO fe) S o ) Cs} =} fo) 

ik |n aa Oo} | SEAL Oe lee Oo ene ee ca 

| | | 

1895.. ' 499.01 1.1) 18.3] 142.8|15.2 29.7] 107.7,10.5/33.6 Ps | re 1.0] 2.5 A 

Lake Erie< 1894..| 136.4] 1.4) 18.5] 142.1) 8.635.8] 98.0 12.6|29.2|12.6] 1.2] .7| 2.6] 192.9|/692.6 
*89.95.| 165.3] 7.6] 26.2 Ta oe 77.8] 8.9]17.9|12.0| 1.1) .6 He 206.7|707.7 

Lak B96. 5.1] 5.5} 31,5] 206.9 1.8 70.4) 26.3 BA 24 9.9| 3.4] .8/12.8! 183.7/681.6 
oH {se te 5.5] 29,7] 188.2, .8/70.9) 20.5) .9) 1.6] 8.8) 2.9, .7|12.2/:197.1]614.9 
uron. | >g9_95, 108,824: 43.1| 159.3) .9/68.1! 12.0/ 1.2) .8 10:5 ml ae 198 .2|641.8 

G 1895..} 54.220.0| 46.1 il 3.0/97.1| 9.3] ua 1.2/14.5) 1.1] .9116.5 187.81672.8 
gorgian 1894..) 56.8 20:0) 40.7| 219.2) 3.9/94.6, 7.5) 4.7) .8113.8| 1.1] 1.0/17.1 198.8)675.0 
Bay |>g9.95.| 74.7 61.5) 49.41 170.2 2.8168.7 3.6] 2.0 tee ay 1.0/13.9} 198,4|676.4 

West ne 85.4|12.9| 48.2} 217.6] 8.3!59.3) 32.0 2.5] 1.9|14.5 ef 1.2)18.9] 176.6/683.9 
Midland 89.4/10.5| 42.6 216.0) 2.¢ 80.4 93.6| 1.9) .7112.3| 3.7 sho. 183.0|667..4 
veyiee "62. 95. 110.1/31.1] 55.0] 167.3) 2.7/62.1) 16.0 13 cigs a 1.0/16.7 as 
Lak 1895..| 60.1|26.1) ca 173.7|16.5 mh 28 .2|22:1| 2.5]17.5| 3.1 shs.¢ 183 .2/709.8 
POR 5) 1894..| 66.1124.9) 70.4] 178.2]14.1]92.8) 22.1/25.5] 2.4:15.3| 2.8) .8|17.3] 182.0/715.7 
The acon Gop sy Alea 64.9 110.8 eat on 75.0 16.2|12.7| 1.2'14.3] 2.4 ie 184.4/718.6 

St. Law- * (1895... 3.3/26,8! 18.9] 190.2 1 sles. 30.8114.6 sho. 1.6] 1.1 24 272,,2/621.8 
rence and< 1894..| 4.5/83.2| 22.3] 191.5] 7.9'31.7| 27.6/14.41 1.3,15.7] 1.2] .9| 2.9] 278.5/683.6 
Ottawa |’82-95.| 6.3/49.1| 36.0 Ta oe 14.7/13.5| 1.5}17-0/ *.9} -.8 a aie a 
East 1895..| 19.8!33.1| 42.7] 195.3/14.8 82.9] 21.9]17.5] 2.1115.3 2.9 1.5/12.7} 202.51665.0 
Midl q) 1894..]  28.8/82.1) 51.2) 204.1/13.5175.1] 19.4)19.0 Lalli 2.5! 1.3|11.3' 200.8|669.6 
Sea re ge 82:95.) 30.2/81.1] 83.7] 156.5/19.7/68.3) 12.3]11.3] .9114.9] 1.9] 1.1] 8.5! 198.5/688.9 
North 1895..| 3.4/19.5] 12.1] 182.1] 3.0/85.8 Alot slos.c § 1.8]14.6] 368.31725.4 
D; beat 94..| 4.5/27.8| 17.1] 184.5] 1.8194.0] 4.0] 4.1! .5)23.1| .8] 1.6]14.6] 376.4|754.8 
TBP TICUP 180. OF. et 15.7 ee 6.3 ul A 5.1] .7/24.7) .7| 1.5117.0}] 370.81758.6 
Th 1895..| 59.8118.0) 38.5] 191.0] 9.7/64.4] 36.4|10.9) peli 2.8 ios 204.2 669.6 
Py ; 1894. | 63.4]18.7| 39.6, 190.6] 7.3/63.9] 30.8/11.8 4.8)13.61 2.3] .9]12.0) 209.6|669.3 | 
FOVINCe {°89.95,|  78.0144.5| 58. 7 157.7 cS 21.2 4 S.0f18.8 1.9] .$]10.1) 208.8/676.4 


The figures for the Province show that out of every 1,000 acres cleared 669.6 acres 
are given to the fourteen crops comprising the table, which is a slight increase over the 
ratio in 1894, although the actual increase is confined to the Lake Huron and West. 
Midland districts, 


FALL WHEAT. 


The fall wheat growing in November, ]894, was thus referred to in the crop bulletin 
issued in that month: ‘The sowing began September Ist and was finished by October 
lst, the larger portion being put in the ground from September 5th to 15th. The 
ground was in fine condition, the only drawback being that there was too little moisture, 
At the time of reporting the general statement was that it never was in better condition. 
Little or no injury of any kind was reported. The varieties are too numerous to be 
referred to here.” 


Reports sent in by correspondents in May were to the effect that notwithstanding 
the drouth the crop entered the winter in a rather promising state, and but for the thaw 
in January which flooded low places and led to the formation of ice, the outlook would 


yi 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


aa aa er ea KM ME OE ee 


have been excellent when the snow left. In the western half of the Province, while 
many splendid fields were reported, loss by ice was common, ranging from odd patches 
in the low-lying fields in several of the great fall wheat counties, to a thinning out of 
nearly fifty per cent. in portions of the county of Norfolk. The frosts of May 12th to 
21st did further injury to fall wheat in western Ontario, but the crop suffered less com- 
paratively than the spring grains. Here and there a little barley had been sown on the 
bare spots, but not much fall wheat was plowed up on account of grass being sown with 
the wheat. In the eastern part of the Province very little loss was reported from winter 
killing, but comparatively little fall wheat is raised there. Not much injury from insects 
was reported. There was a single reference to the Hessian fly from Kent, and scattering 
mention of wire-worm in Lambton and Bruce, but the crop had been remarkably free 
from insect pests. As to the comparative condition of fall wheat on clay and the lighter 
soils, considerable divergence of opinion was expressed. Many references were made in 
different sections of the province to the effect that drainage and tillage have a great deal 
to do with the success of this crop. 


August reports regarding fall wheat were not unanimous, although on the whole 
they may be considered as favorable. The crop was cut earlier than usual, but notwith- 
standing the rapid ripening the berry was frequently described as plump and of good 
quality. Owing to the drouth the straw was short, except in a few favored localities, 
The crop was harvested in good condition, and farmers generally found little reason to 
murmur at the return, as there was not much rust, and only the slightest injury from 
the Hessian fly or other insect enemies, frost and drouth doing the main injury. In 
York a few fields were plowed up and resown with oats. The yield per acre varied from 
four to forty-five bushels, 


Threshing fully confirmed the August reports of fall wheat. The yield was nineteen 
bushels per acre, which is a little under the average. The quality was in general, very 
good. A few correspondents reported the grain shrunken, but on the whole it was quite 
up to the average in appearance and in weight. 

The acreage and yield of fall wheat are given in the following table by county groups 
and for the Province for 1894.and 1895, together with the average of the Province for 
the fourteen years 1882-95 : 


Yearly average for the | 
fourteen years 1882-95, 


1895, 1894, 


Districts. oy! a. a, 

Acres. | Bushels. |; 2| Acres. | Bushels. i &| Acres. | Bushels. | 5 2 

nV a 2 a Q 

5.8 a8 oS 

aoe eee : 

fWuake; Hiries 6. 1 fs. gutsy 197,846| 3,322,813/16.8] 206,236] 3,976,394/19.3 225,089} 4,257,772/18.9 
diakepHtiron s2 hr 9 ae 108,191] 2,276,993/21.0| 106,725] 2,282.983/21.4 139,286| 2,807,640]20,2 
peULcorsianbay. ie) eo Dy. 62,294) 1,602,744/25.7| 63,814] 1,424,738|22.3| 76,472| 1,600,697 |20.9 
Nest eMadland yA) tee ete 206,384) 3,782,195!18.3] 213,475} 4,718, 807\22.1 247,798) 5,123,549 20.7 
Lake Ontario ......... .3.. 142,016] 2,637,335/18.6! 155,941 3,462,245)/22.2|} 159,536] 3,259,793|20.4 
t. Lawrence and Ottawa.. -| 8,065 177,306/22.0} 10,785 214,217/19.9} 14,262 262,866/18 . 4 
Hast: Midland (202. 0./.:. 17,748 342,385/19.3} 21,174 418,474|19.8| 24,893 482,605/19..4 
Northern Districts.......... | 655 13,511/20.6 842 14,248 eee 602 12,041/20.0 
Ota Lesa a ets Bok ot RO | 74,100 1,168,219. 778,999 16,512,106 7 aaa ee, es PO 


| 

EN ale ti fc | ies Dea NE via ee AA 

The 743,199 acres of fall wheat grown in the Province in 1895 are 35,793 less than 
were reported in the previous year, and the falling off occurred in every district excepting 
the Lake Huron. Although the Georgian Bay district gave the generous yield of 25.7 
bushels per acre, the average yield per acre for the Province is but nineteen bushels, 
which is 2.2 bushels less’ than in 1894, and 1.1 bushel below the avérage yield of the 
fourteen years, 1882-95. The decrease in both area and yield per acre makes the total 
yield 2,356,824 bushels less than that of the preceding year, 


8 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 
“Sass io SB ene hl A TSS le en Me: SO 

Tue New Fauut WuHEAaAtT. The November bulletin contained the following : 
“*In 1883 the area of fall wheat stood at 1,091,467, it dropped to 864,740 acres in the 
following year. Then it increased gradually to 897,743 acres in 1887 ; then it decreased 
gradually to 720,102 acres in 1890, In 1892 it was up to 966,522 acres. Since then it 
has dropped year by year to 743,199 acres in 1895. The movement, then, has been one 
of expansion and contraction. The reports this fall indicate an increased acreage sown 
‘to fall wheat. A few report a decrease; many report the same as sown a year ago ; but 
the majority report an increase of from ten to thirty per cent. The crop was put in 
under most favorable conditions. Some sowing took place as early as August 25th ; some 
as late as October 1st ; but the bulk of the crop was sown about September 15th. On 
the whole, October was not very favorable to the crop. The early growth was retarded, 
and the general condition was not the most favorable at the beginning of November, 
although much desired rains and- more favorable weather were just then promising an 
improvement. The report, then, may be summed up thus: increased acreage ; fair con- 
dition. The following reasons are given for the increased acreage : Shortage of straw 
this year; decreasing production of spring wheat; very favorable condition of weather 
-and of soil in September ; hope for better wheat prices.” 


SPRING WHEAT. 


The acreage sown was less than usual, and some fields got touched by frost in May. 


This crop was ripening unevenly as correspondents wrote for the August bulletin, 
and only a small portion had been cut. The yield per acre was very light, the drouth 
and the grasshopper making a strong combination against it. The straw was very short, 
Little injury had been done by the midge or other such assailants. 


The November bulletin said that the crop was on the decline in the Province in 
acreage, in yield, and, many think, in quality. In both west and east the quality was 
hardly up to the average, many reporting it light in weight, shrunken and discolored. 
The yield in 1890 was 7,683,905 bushels ; in 1895 it was 3,472,543 bushels, 


The acreage and yield of spring wheat are given in the following table by county 
groups and for the Province : 


Yearly average for the 

| 1895. | 1894, fourteen years 1882-95, | 
| o al a 

Districts. | S. “ 5, i jor 

Acres, | Bushels. |; 2| Acres. | Bushels. |; | Acres. | Bushels. | 3 2 

| 23 (28 28 
pe ak eee 

rrr srs wf es Fe es | ees | Loeenannena — |_—_-_- es ee | 

| PIRES ICIONS eh one toe oe facet 1,686 2, n08 14.7 2,137 2.75318. 10,301 147,596/14.3 

TOK OELUrOM 2 ¥.6 os eee ee 7,868 125,351|15.9 7,811 117,135/15.0) 30,855 439,271|14.2 

| Georgian. Bay gies 84 at 22,974 377,307|16.4| 22,427 356,566]15.9| 62,980 922,016)14.6 

West Midland.............. 31,198 542,961|17.4] 25,027 443,3419]17.7| 69,864} 1,062,160]15.2 

| Lake Ontario .............. 61,612 871,004|14.1} 58,689 811,698]13.8] 147,849] 2,275,945)15.4 

St. Lawrence and Ottawa... 040 1,089,758)16.8) 80,160} 1,121,869)14.0] 110,349] 1,802,467/16.3 

Hast’ Midland i... 20.0254... 29,707 378,788]12.8| 28,591 AAT SGH|. 6 66,860 937,137|14.0 

Northern Districts.......... 3,866 62,611|16.2 5,174 71,584/13 .8 7,904 138,182, 17.5 

LODAIEG ricP es caeoieis aot nes 223,957|. 3,472,543/15.5 thw 387, abi. 506,962} 7,724,774/15.2 


ie NL eee eh oe gs eA et es ees 

The decreases in acreage in the Lake Erie and St. Lawrence and Ottawa groups and 
in the Northern Districts was not offset by the increases in area in the other districts, the 
result being that the total area of spring wheat in the Province in 1895 is but 223,957 
acres, or 7,059 acres less than in the preceding year. The decrease in 1895, however, is 
light compared with that of some of the more recent years, as may be judged by compar- 
ing the present acreage with the average for the fourteen years. The average yield of 
the Province in 1895 is 15.5 bushels per acre, being .9 bushels more than in 1894 and .3 
‘bushels more than the average for 1882-95. The best yield was in the West Midland 
‘district and the poorest in the East Midland counties. 


59 Victoria. ‘Sessional Papers (No. 36). - A, 1896 


BARLEY. 


This crop, like nearly all the spring grains, was got into the ground under favorable 
conditions, but in every district it was more or Jess injured by frost. In many quarters 
the fields looked yellow from this cause, as correspondents wrote in the last week of May, 
but the expectation prevailed that the crop would recover. 


As in the case of spring wheat, the fields of barley have ripened unevenly. While 
thin on the ground and short in the straw, the grain was, as a rule, plump and well up 
to weight, although the catchy weather at harvesting caused much discoloration. The 
yield was variable, in scme sections being but half an average, and at other points 
going away over the usual return, but it was thought that the average would be 
about the seme as last year. Six-rowed ripened about a week earlier than the two- 
rowed variety. ‘ 


~' November reports on barley were varied, both as to quantity and quality, more 
so than in the case of the other grains. The quantity on the whole was up to the average, 
but the grain was reported from most sections as being plump but discolered. There 
appeared to be very little bright colored barley. The straw was short and light in yield. 


The following table gives the acreage and yield of barley by county groups and for 
the Province: 


Yearly average for thef 
1895. 1994, fourteen years, 1882-95, |. 
ae | ¢ E | 
Districts. 29 28 a 8} 
Acres. | Bushels. S| Acres. | Bushels. 2 | Acres, | Bushels, sg iy 
28. 2 3, 2B 
a ie : ie 
(en Ges Se ee ee | Ge eee | pee SE ae ee ae ae ——— es | ee ee | ee sees | 
Tiake “Biries. s2y5 Sk eee 28,013 786,534/28.1 2857 641, 790/23 .0 35,637 | ac7 10124. 
ake Huron echt ee 45,384} 1,271,588/28.0| 42,135} 1,084,853/25.7| 54,678] 1,443,895|26.4/: 
Georgian Bay .%..2. «0 <.> eu 58,012} 1,536,357 [29.0 45,679] 1,116,049)24.4] 50,566} 1,297,627|25.7/ 
West Midland.............. 116,374] 3,120,568]26.8] 101,861! 2,554,599)25.1] 123,773] 3,437,420|27.8 
FakeiOntario  se6ee yi. oe ek 148,453} 3,309,489/22.3] 165,944) 3,358,043/20.2| 252,066] 6,380,167/25.3 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa...| 46,062} 1,144,473/24.8| 53,925] 1,154,284!21.4| 80,964 1087 2118.9 
Hast Midland... 9. .fon ts. 38,362 865,507|22.6) 45,571] 1,007,421/22.1) 68,964] 1,632,607|23.7 
Northern Districts.......... 2,386 55,991/23 .5 3,189 63,365]19.9 2,159 OS eee : 
TOtaIs Ae toe soon oe 478,046 12,000,072. ede 10,880,404 29.6 nar re ee 


Although there bas been an increase in the area of barley in the four western 
districts, it has not been large enough to overcome the decrease in the four eastern 
groups, and the result is that the acreage of the Province is only 478,046, being 8,215. 
less than in 1894, and 190,760 below the average for 1882-95. The yield per acre. 
while 2.7 bushels more than in 1894, is slightly below the average for the fourteen 
years. Over one-half of the barley of the Province is raised in the Lake Ontario 
and West Midland counties, 


OATS. 


' While many correspondents spoke highly of the prospects of this crop in May, 
it weuld seem as if oats have suffered more from frost than in many years. From 
every county group reports came of the young plant being nipped by the frost, but, 
as in the care of barley, it was thought that favorable weather would redeem the 
ercp. Like the other spring grains, it suffered most heavily on mucky land. 


10 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36}. A, 1896 


August returns stated that there was a wide range in the yield of oats reported, 
there being some very poor fields, while others were mentioned as giving as high as 
sixty-two and seventy bushels per acre. Frost, drouth and grasshoppers did much injury, 
and the crop also ripened unevenly. The straw was unusually short; in fact, in some 
places in the Lake Erie district the reaper had to be dispensed with, and the crop cut 
with the mower. A little rust was reported, and also some smut, but not enough to 
be serious. The grain was described as being heavy and of good quality generally. 


The reports forwarded for the November bulletin led to the following summary : 
This has been the big crop of the year, it has exceeded the August estimate. Increased 
acreage and the high average yield of 35.7 bushels per acre have given a total of 
84,697,566 bushels for 1895. There are a few poor records, but the following are fair 
samples of reports: “Good, but short in straw ;” ‘“ Best for some time ;” “A capital 
crop and good quality ;” “‘ Best crop in a decade;” “The heaviest yield all round ever 
grown.” The total yield of the Province is 9,688,024 bushels larger than the big record 
of 1891. 


The table following presents the acreage and yield by county groups and for the 
Province : 


Yearly average for the 

1895. 1894. fourteen years, 1882-95. 
| : : | : 
Districts. 28 28 a8 
Acres. | Bushels. || Acres. | Bushels. [2 | Acres. | Bushels. | 2 ,, 
3 A a8 3 A 

S | ie | F 
Dia Geivie tas Aves Sei ts 218,084 8,481,803 /38 .7 a14,818| 6,538,690/30.4) 175,512) 6,076,486 34.6 
Lake Huron.......... 297,882) 11,573,632/38.9 267,272; 9,052,022/33.9/ 202,027] 7,150,748 35.4 
Georgian Bay ........ 246,933, 8,862,445|35.9 246,197| 7,972,815/32.4| 174,115) 5,835,759 33.5 
West Midland........ 525,580) 20,292,298 38.6]  515,901| 16,469,019/31. | 376,448] 14,030,110|37.3 
Lake Ontario ..... .. | 410,255} 14,170,951'34.5 420,356 12,153, 774/28 .9) 312,951] 11,033,030/35.3 
St. Lawrence & Ottawa| 462,344] 14,904,138/32.2 462,089 12,024,850,26.0, 402,477) 12,768,694/31.7 
East Midland ........ 175,318] 5,289,938/30.2 181,745} 5,036,720)|27 .7 | 129,008} 3,977,359)|30.8 
Northern Districts.... 36,063} 1,122,361/31. 34,388 924,626|26.8 23,622 722,006|30.6 
| TOtals, sien. seaae Pai | e607, 9689.7 2,342,766) 70,172,516/30.0 1781 oo er ae 


The area devoted to oats in 1895 reached 2,373,309 acres, which is 30,543 acres 
more than in 1894, and the Lake Ontario and East Midland districts were the only 
groups falling below their respective figures for the previous year. The splendid average 
yield of 35.7 bushels per acre raised the total yield of the Province to over fourteen and 
a half million of bushels more than that of the year before. The Lake Huron district 
averaged 38.9 bushels per acre, the Lake Erie and West Midland counties following 
closely after, 


RYE. 


Correspondents writing in May reported comparatively little winter rye grown, but 
that what there was looked well. The crop is confined largely to the eastern part of the 
Province. 


August returns were to the effect that rye had turned out to be a good crop, and 
that more of it was grown than usual. 


The reports made in November confirmed those of August concerning rye, but said 
that comparatively little of the crop had been grown for grain. It had been cut green 
to supplement the poor meadows. The new crop was making good growth as correspond- 
ents wrote. 


11 


) ‘ 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


The following table gives the acreage and yield by county groups and for the Province : 


Yearly average for the 
1895. 1894, fourteen years, 1882-95, 
@ o © 
Districts. 28 2 S Ee 8 
Acres. | Bushels. | 2 | Acres. | Bushels, | Acres. | Bushels, |o ¢ 
' nO 2 ® | i) 
5 5 Q,! 3 A 

| | ia ar i 
Lake Erie....... POAT eee ee 23,221 354,327 15.3 13,030 195,662'15.0 12,269 189,035}15.4 
ACO LUTON fn ai. Ze niche ‘ 2,555 48,180,18.9] 1,199) 23,551|19.6 1,126 20,085/17.8 
Georgian Bay ............ 3,409 57,780)16.9, 4,371 66, 229]15.2 2,888 49,955 17.3 
Weet Midland......3......- 20,006}  349,894/17.5} 7,020 126,351/18.0] 6,144 103,816)16.9 
Lake Ontario v.30 0.40. 230) 39,010; 584,515|15.0 33,207 480,515|14.5| 30,769 451,479)14.7 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa...| 18,220 305,584;16.8 18,964 302,864/16.0! 28,823 506, 960/17 .6 
easieviidiand’s)..0. ete.’ 13,326 1&8,212)14.1! 12,024 186,007/15.5! 16,289 251, 155|)5 4 
Northern Districts.......... | 603) 11,625 19.3) 329 5,427|16.5 864 16/523/19.1 

| 

otalswocee ens fc ann | 120,850) 1,900,117 a ye 1,386,606 wat 99,172} 1,589,008/16.0 


The number of acres in rye in 1895 is given as 120,350, which is fully one-third more 
than in the previous year, and the increased area is shared in by every district excepting 
the Georgian Bay and the St. Lawrence and Ottawa. The yield per acre was almost an 
average one. The figures of total yield of this grain are merely nominal and above the 
actual, as a considerable portion of the crop was cut before maturing and used as green 
feed, on account of scant pastures owing to the drouth. 


PEAS. 


This crop, where sown early, was caught by the frost and considerably injured 
Many farmers had delayed sowing in order to escape the bug, and it was thought that 
late peas would get a favorable start. 


Correspondents in August claimed that this crop had withstood the dry weather 
better than any other, excepting perhaps corn. Some reported the straw as rather short, 
while others declared that it was abundant and would be the salvation of live stock as winter 
fodder. Showers at the time of writing were delaying harvesting and prolonging growth, 
and some mildew was reported. The bug wasalso reported, but not to so great an extent 
as last year. Pods were said to be well filled with good sized peas. 

The November had the following regarding peas: This crop may be summed up as 
being fair. In some western sections it suffered much from drouth. ‘The “ bugs,” while 
numerous, do not appear to have been any more destructive than usual. 

The average and yield of peas is given in the following table by county groups and 
for the Province : 


OS EOE Se Naa eRe SY 1 Nm nS 
Yearly average for the 


1895. 1894, fourteen years 1882-95. 

Districts. ak as as 

ag a8 a8 

Acres. | Bushels, |"2 =| Acres. | Bushels. | $ | Acres. | Bushels. |% 
= : | al A | ms 
MIBK @TOII6 he wees ek ee 45,592 778,997|17.1| 54,167 736,015'13.6} 59,649) 1,054,955/17.7 
Dale: Huron ire. ok. os sets 101,366} 2,300,300)22.7 | 100,684} 1,980,791|19.7) 86,304] 1,899,207/22.0 
Georgian Bay ..2204 6.4... 111,605 2°375,417 121.3 106,199} 2,135,544/20.1| 85,613] 1,833,094/21.4 
West Midland ....,....... 148,256] 3,190,961|22 3) 144,212} 2,605,706/18.1] 139,851) 2,939,704/21.0 
Lake Ontario....... eer 223,102} 8,897,448 17.5| 218,749) 3,632,341|16.6] 170,591] 3,333,071|19.5 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa..| 83,606] 1,501,302 18.0 76,637| 1,341,846)17.5} 89,891] 1,722,322119.2 
East Midland ............. 74,454| 1,149,851115.4| 66,845 1,237,970)18.5; 56,289] 1,064,739/18.9 
Northern Districts ........ 16,982 373,827|22.0} 17,514 352,675/20.1} 10,960 248,690'22.7 

| 

Totalaarn. bh Anca: 799,963] 15,568,103 nea 785,007| 14,022,888]17.9 ere ere teas 


a ee 


12 


D9 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1898 


Oe Sa eta i 


There is an increase in the acreage of peas in five out of the eight districts, and the 
total area of the Province is now 799,963 or 14,956 acres more than in the preceding 
year. The average yield per acre for the year is 19.5 bushels, which, while 2.4 bushels 
more than in 1°94, is .7 bushel less than the average for the fourteen years. The best 
average yield was in the Lake Huron district, and the poorest in the West Midland 
group. 


CORN. 


When the first reports regardir g crops came in about the 28th of May it was too 
early to say much regarding corn. That which was planted early had been badly cut up 
by frost, but the bulk of the crop had yet to come up, and the conditions were considered 
as favorable to a good start, 


The August bulletin said: “It would seem as if corn is destined to have a very 
large acreage in the Province of Ontario. The area is steadily increasing, and although 
this season drouth at the time of planting told against the success of the crop, the present 
condition is full of encouragement. From every district favorable reports came regard- 
ing corn, although in several localities where planted on sod the grub did injury, and in 
some cases necessitated a second planting,” 


The November bulletin contained the following: ‘The area of corn has more than 
doubled since 1890. This year it was 552,828 acres, in 1890 it was 223,836 acres, The 
*xperience of the present year has evidently increased its popularity. Its growth during 
the latter part of summer and early fall was rapid. In the dry sections of the west its 
value as a supplement to pasture was most marked. One correspondent says: ‘In the 
year 1895 it was corn that saved the farmers of Ontario,’ Corn growing for husking 
rielded as high as 120 bushels of ears per acre in some southwestern townships. Taking 


rea into consideration, the corn crop has proved about the most important crop grown 
his year,” > 


The following table gives the acreage and yield of corn for husking, and for the 
ilo and fodder, by county groups and for the Province : . 


See a te a Rs 


| For husking. For silo and fodder, | Total area. 
Districts | lB hels (3g | y a A 
istricts, ushels |g & ons 2, verage 
| Acres. | (in the |-G&] Acres 2 oe aeee 1882-95 
: ear. ) a ey (green. ) AS ® | acres. | acres. acres, 
Sore | 
. 1895; 149,921! 13,423, 606|89.5! 15,219 137,201) 9.02 
ake Erie........1 1894] 137°s05| 8 424,955)61.3! 10,6591 69°7671 .6.55 pievany pee tes b108, 006 
1895} 23,914! 1,975,079/82.6 13,954 168,274 12.06 
lake Huron......4 1894) 196251 L’9ie on 63.6) 9,519] 76,929| 8.08 f| 37,868 29,144) 15,195 
teorgian Bay .. 1895 3,317 216,924/65.4' 7,361 95,603 12.99 


51,213/10.26 J} 10,678, 8,461] 3,648 


1895] 44,591) 3,388,624/76.0| 39°71 
1894] 33,745] 2:251;839/66.7| 29°589 
1895] 33,392! 2'393’go4|69.6! 337145 


So oH0 fair 77,302 56,327| 35,967 


382.720/11.55 : 
1894} 30,416] 1,558,880/51.3! 21,657| 219°918/ 9 s37| 66,587 a 36,803 


st. Lawrence oalie 37,961) 2,904,821,76.5] 36,918! 496,945|13. 46 ) 


Vest Midland.... 


uake Ontario . 


Ottawa ........ 1894] 32,671] 2,109'914)64.6| 33°838| 851,59410.39 f 74,879; 66,509 32,967 
Tica 1895) 9,362) 562,287/60.1] 10,276] 114°797/11.17 } 
vee 9 471! 24,754|52.6 315] agg 8 99 
ei x aseAl « Bial:. 1ay 470148 6|... 298). eee 7.54} 786 787) 450 
| | | 
1895) 302,929) 24,819,899 81.9} 149,899] 1,775, 654/11.85 
Totals ....... 1804 267,348 16,275,352 60.9 111,361 1,089,765 9.43 f| 492,828} 378,709) 241.167 


13 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), A. 1896 


The total area of corn has extended to 452,828 acres, which is 74,119 acres more 
than in 1894, and nearly double the average for the fourteen years 1882-95. This large 
increase is pretty evenly shared (taking the Province over), by the two classes of corn 
comprising the table. The increase in the acreage of corn for fodder and the silo is 
participated in by every group, and but three of the districts (and in these the crop is a 
minor one) fail to equal their respective figures of the previous year for husking corn. 
The average yield of 81.9 bushels in the ear per acre is a magnificent one, and the average 
yield of 11.85 tons of fodder corn per acre is also satisfactory. 


REMARKS OF CORRESPONDENTS. 


From THE May RETURNS. 


Zone, Kent: My neighbor tells me that he can fat a steer at one-half the cost since he built a silo. 


Downie, Perth: Silage is being extensively used, and many silos are being built this summer. The 
‘farmers here depend largely upon co-operative butter-making and hogs. 


Grantham, Lincoln: Farmers will have to change to growing more corn for ensilage, for winter use, so 
-as to keep more stock, and have the manure for the farm. I have had a silo for two years, and intend to. 
put up another this season. I can say that it has been a success, because it gives more feed (and cheaper) 
for winter use than any other method I have tried in the thirty years I have been farming. 


Kingston, Frontenac: A large number of farmers in this locality grow large quantities of fodder corn 
and roots, which allows them to winter their stock much better and cheaper than formerly. Quite a number 
have built silos, and more are preparing to build this season, and that means that we will be able to winter 
more stock and keep them in better condition. 


Finch, Stormont: A good many of our leading farmers are going into corn raising and silos. The 
method of feeding is in the morning hay, at noon the same and in the evening forty pounds of ensilage to 
each milking cow. 


From THE NOVEMBER RETURNS. 


Pelee Island, Essex: There is one silo here. The owner grows dent corn, planted in drills, and cut 
when beginning to glaze. The results have been good. 


Tilbury, E., Kent: Silos are becoming more common. The large white dent corn is chiefly used. It 
is generally cut when the corn is getting hard. 


Malahide, Elgin: There are some five or six silos in thistownship. Some grow the large ensilage corn, 
and others the common yellow. It is cut and put in the silo after it has reached the glazing stage. 


Stamford, Welland: Ensilage is becoming more general every year. There have been several silos put 
yp this summer, 


Hullett, Huron: Corn sown for fodder and ensilage was the best crop we have had for many years. 
It was ten days vast the glazing stage when cut, and had more ears on corn grown for the silo than I ever 
saw in this locality. Growing corn takes the place of the summer fallow, and when properly wrought, and 
the Jand kept properly clean, is the best preparation I know of for preparing the land for grain crops, and 
for seeding with clover and grasses. 


Stanley. Huron: There is only one silo in the neighborhood, and this year it is not in use. 


St. Vincent, Grey; There have been no silos built lately, but nearly every farmer is growing more 
corn for feed. 


Sarawak, Grey : Some new silos were put up this year. Crompton’s Karly was nearly all ripe when 
put into the silo, and Mammoth Southern Sweet was in the milk stage. 


Biddulph, Middlesex : Several silos have been erected in this locality. I have built one. It is the 
first year for the silo here. 


Caradoc, Middlesex : Two silos were built in this locality during the past two years, and have turned 
out well. Flint corn is the best for the silo, 
Williams E., Middlesex: A few silos were built last summer. 


Zorra E., Oxford: There are some twenty-five or thirty silos in this township, but not many are being 
being built. People prefer roots. Corn is the only silo crop here. 


Onondaga, Brant: There is only one silo in this locality. There is no trouble to raise corn along the 
river to fill it, but on clay it might be different. 


Elma, Perth: The silo is a plant of slow growth, so to speak. Corn is generally sown. 
Wallace, Perth: I know of only one silo in this locality, and it is not being made use of this season. 
Puslinch, Wellington : More silos have been built this season than ever before. 


Waterloo, Waterloo: Several new silos have been put in this year, but people seem very slow in 
adopting the principle. 


Waterloo, Waterloo: The silo is growing in favor. Quite a number have been put up this season, and 
if they are a success there will be a great boom next summer, 


14 


ieee 
59 Victoria. — Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Poe Lincoln: One other besides myself has a silo. Corn only is grown for the silo. It pays 
well. 


Esquesing, Halton: The silo is getting more popular every season. Corn is always used for silage, 
and was a good crop this year. Mammoth Southern, mixed with some of the earlier varieties, planted in 
rows about three feet apart, to admit of cultivation, is the common way in this locality, 


Nassagaweya, Halton: There are a few silos in this locality: Corn is used, being put into the silo 
when the ear is in the glazed state. 


Markham, York: A few have put in silos this year. Corn is the only ensilage crop grown. The corn 
crop was simply immense. 


Pickering, Ontario: Ensilage has not generally been adopted here. A few silos have been put up this 
season, Illinois Dent and Mammoth Southern Sweet are the varieties of corn grown here for the silo. 


Manvers, Durham: I have heard of only one silo being built in this township, but quite a quantity of 
‘corn is grown for feeding purposes. 


Percy, Northumberland : A good many silos have been built this season. Very little of the corn was 
cut before frost came, which injured it very much. 


Yonge, Leeds: Ensilage has been adopted to quite an extent. Corn is the principal crop and turned 
out very well. 


Caledonia, Prescott: A few silos have been built, and have been filled with corn this year. The corn 
ripened about the middle of September. ' 


Plantagenet S., Prescott: I have had two silos for the past three years, and I find the ensilage pretty 
dear feed. In fact they are only good on a small farm to enable the farmer to keep more cows on less land, 
out where the farm is large and can grow clover it will give better returns. 


Drummond, Lanark: Some silos were built this season. There are anumber in this township. Corn 
as the only crop grown for the silo. It was slightly frozen. 


Eldon, Victoria: A few silos have been built in our township this season. 


Laxton, Victcria: Growing corn for fodder is certainly gaining in this section. It will help the dairy 
industry a great deal, as being the cheapest fodder for winter feed. It will keep dairy and young stock up 
and in better condition at even less cost than the old style of feeding around the straw stack. 


Watt, Muskoka: I am, so far as I know, the only one who indulges in a silo in this locality. Sune 
flower goes with my corn into the silo. 


BUCKWHEAT, 


November reports were to the effect that buckwheat suffered more than usual from 
early fall frosts. Karly sown buckwheat turned out first-class, but late sown was more 
or less damaged. 


The acreage and yield is given in the following table by county groups and for the 
Province : 


——_ 
{ Yearly average for the 
1895. 1894, fourteen years 1882-95. 
3 E | 3 
; Districts. 2 § nO 2S 
i Oo bet he os 
Acres. | Bushels. 4 3, Acres. | Bushels. |-4 %| Acres. | ‘Bushels. | 4 3 
3 a 32 so 
| aa | aa) | -Q 
VOM Os Ce 16,157 329,078 |20.4| 19,084 304,791 |16.0, 12,168 223,384 | 18.4 
EA COELUMIDOM "os 0. 0 2 ok oe 1,549 31,325 |20.2} 1,302 22,752 {17.5} 1,470 26,587 | 18.1 
eorgian Day 0.5.60 8.655 7,187 165,702 |23.1) 5,316 99,478 |18.7| 2,012 38,681 | 19.2 
West Midland .......... 6,009 121,693 |20.3) 4,535 88,735 {19.6} 2,901 53,863 | 18.6 
iake Ontario (0503-00. 055 52,122 991,601 |19.0, 62,467 | 1,107,160 |17.7| 28,947 568,684 | 19.6 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa..| 35,571 819,743 |23.0; 34,858 613,915 |17.6} 30,449 633,105 | 20.8 
| Kast Midland ............ 15,709 311,331 119.8' 16,950 283,860 16.71 9,336 180,956 | 19.4 
| Northern Districts........ 958 21,876 |22.8 756 13,644 |18.0 700 15,223 | 21.7 
2,534,335 hs 87,983 | 1,740,483 | 19.8 


BS opals pense: sto. yclke 2,791,749 2 .6) 145,268 


The area of buckwheat has increased in five districts, but has fallen off so largely in 
the other three groups that the total acreage is only 135,262, which is 10,002 less than 
in 1894. The crop is grown most largely in the Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence and 
Ottawa districts. The average yield per acre is 20,6 bushels, which is well over the 
average for the fourteen years. 


15 


u9 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896: 


BEANS. 


Early beans in gardens were badly hurt by frost. According to August returns: 
field beans promised a fair crop although a good deal of the seed failed to germinate, 
owing to the drouth at the time of planting. It was then expected that the crop would 
be well above the average. 


The expectations of August were fulfilled, November reports were to the effect 
that the Kent bean crop was a good one, and in other parts of the Province the yield wag 
expected to be well up to the average. 


The acreage and yield of beans is given in the following table by county groups and 
for the Province : 


Yearly average for the! 

1895, 1894. fourteen years 1882-95, 
Districts. ae ag 28 
Acres. | Bushels. | 4 3 | Acres. |Bushels. re & | Acres. |Bushels, a m 
3 oy 3B 2 Bo 

aay | pO | pO 
Lake Erie................| 51,549 | 1,086,769 | 211 | 44,214 | 579,196 12,1 | 24,325 | 406,914 | 16.7 
Hake Hunronsos nee. t sk es 3,617 70,669 | 20.1 2,285 | 36,221 | 15.9 1,000:| -17,735 | 17.7 
Georgian Bay ............ 1,436 29,545 | 20.6 938} 14,200} 15,1 410 7,329 | 17.9 
West Midland............ 4,491 94,887 | 21.1 15717) 231,612 28% 1,445 |} 25,034] 17.3 
ake tOntario: iy. d sas oe. 5,873 103,490 | 17.6 5,646 | 94,306 | 16.7 2,656 | 47,102 | 17.7 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa.. 3,904 75,799 | 19.4 | 3,185 | 53,977 | 16.9 3,334 | 68,495! 20.5 
East Midland: 3.2. 2..2. 6. 1,850 31,222 | 16.9 1,203 | 16,372 | 13.6 741! 12,461 | 16.8 
Northern Districts........ 127 1,798 | 14.2 93! 1,730] 18.6 99| 1,778 | 18.0 
BLOUGIEW 4 iss eel ec niet 72,747 | 1,494,179 | 20.5 | 59,281 | 827,514] 14.0 | 34,010 | 586,848 | 17.3 

i 


————__ 


An increase has occurred in every district in the acreage of beans, which has raised 
the area from 59,281 acres in 1894 to 72,747 acres in 1895. The greater part of the 
bean crop is grown in the Lake Erie counties, where the large yield of 21.1 bushels per 
acre was this year realized. The average yield per acre for the Province is 20.5 bushels, 
which 1s over three bushels more than the average for the fourteen years 1882-95. 


FIELD ROOTS, 


The root crops had a poor start owing to drouth, but later in the season they picked 
up, and on the whole were the most successful class of crops grown in 1895. These crops. 
were housed under favorable conditions. 


Poratozs. LEarly planted potatoes were cut off by the frosts of the latter part of 
May. Those planted later had a much more favorable start, and notwithstanding the 


drouth made rapid growth. August reports led to the conclusion that if vigorous stalk 
and profusion of blossom and leaf count for anything, there ought to be an abundant 
yield of potatoes. Some correspondents, however, thought that there was danger of too 


much growth above ground. Dry rot was reported by one or two correspondents, but. 


with the exception of the presence of the bug and the grasshopper no great injury to the. 
crop has so far been reported. : 


The November bulletin said: ‘It is many years since so large a return of potatoes: 
was made, Most favorable reports as to both yield and quality eome from all over the 
Province. Practically no mention is made of rot, and the tubers have been well stored. 
The low price prevailing is the only drawback to a big record.” 


16 


D9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1838 


The following table gives the acreage and yield by county groups and for the Pro- 
vince : 


Yearly average for the 
| 1895. 1894. iorsbae years 1882-95. 
ov ro) o 
Districts. | a 5 | mn S | x) 5 

oD ©. o 
Acres. | Bushels, |4 5, Acres. | Bushels. |S {) Acres. | Bushels. | © & 
| 58 | é = 2D, 

\ isa | aia) (aa) 

| | | En | 
Diake HriGeanos es. cues 19,667 | 2,622,479 | 133) 19,102 | 1,415,558) 74) 16,314 | 1,668,016 | 102 
Pema Puram hc. skrun 14,193 | 2,225,644 | 157] 12.493 | 1,204,612] 96] 12,688} 1,458,900, 115 
Georgian Bay ..........: 16,652 | 2,966,490 | 178| 15,519 | 1,567,959 | 101) 14,083 | 1,793,593 | 127 
West Midland............ | 34,961 | 5,831,515 | 167) 29 294 | 3,243,581 | 111] 27,147 | 3,276,353 | 121 
ake Ontario (5 s\n; 41,421 | 6,333,359 | 153) 36,110 | 3,398,833 | 94] 32,499 | 3,675,209 | 113 
Sv Lawrence and Ottawa..| 39,093 | 6,416,440 | 164] 37,784 | 4,549,209 | 120 88,847 | 4,701,449 | 123 
Hast Midland’. ......4.... 138,783 | 2,182,007 | 158] 12,636) 1,240,731 | 98] 12,283 | 1,503,381 | 122 
Northern Districts........ 4,877 | 812,950 | 167) 4,315 542.747 | 126) 3,4€3 506,090; 149 
PLO GATS ctraig aris ae ae ee | 184,647 Boas | 1 167, 253 |17,163,130 ced 156,764 eee 119 


There were 17,395 acres more in potatoes in 1895 than in the previous year, bring- 
ing the total area up to 184,647 acres. Every district increased its acreage of this crop. 
The yield of the Province in 1895 is greatly in excess of the average, being forty bushels 
per acre above the average of the fourteen years, and 56 bushels per acre more than the 
poor yield of 1894. This high average yield and enlarged area has resulted in the total 
yield ot the Province being over twelve millions of bushels greater than that of last year. 


MANGEL-WURZELS. Mangels suffered from the drouth at sowing, but in 
August promised much better than turnips. At that date favorable weather for roots 
was prevailing, and it was hoped that the crop would be redeemed. November returns 

described mangels as rather small in size, but with a yield per acre above the average. 


The acreage and yield are given by county groups and for the Province in the follow- 
ing table: 


E 


Yearly average forthe | 
1895. | 1894. fourteen years 1882-95, 
D co) | co) 
Districts. a 29 ns 
ore © S| | ae 
Acres. | Bushels. |S g| Acres. | Bushels. |S %) Acres. ! Bushels. | 3 
sO 3 2 3 2 
-Q | eQ = 
| 
Taka Evian woven. 2,912 | 1,341,982 | 461] 1,821 | 767,042 | 421} 1,559 | 643,831] 413 | 
1 WEN hd mn By oy 1 pO Nea apne ae 4,854 | 2,462,474 | 507| 4,120 | 1,886,394 | 458) 2,820 | 1,287,933 | 457 | 
Georgian Bay ...:........ 1,304 565,765 | 434) 1,191 481,167 | 404) 1,026 430,998 | 420 
West Midland ........... 11,140 | 5,479,101 | 492) 8,788 | 3,818,206 | 434) 6,994 | 3,207,254 | 459 
Lake’ Ontario 2.24. 5...:. 7,389 | 3,284,928 | 445) 6,535 | 2,629,221 | 402; 5,451 | 2,407,655 | 442 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa..| 4,032 | 1,658,173 | 411] 2,862 | 1,044,897 | 365| 2,019 771,165 | 382 , 
Wigstens idlatics... o's. asters 2,600 | 1,122,446 ; 482] 2,207 851,150 | 386] 1,542 637,962 | 414 | 
Northern Districts........ 152 46,633 | 307 146 54,050 | 370 93 28,032} 301 
MORALS My dliteuiods eee 34,383 |15,961,502 ro 27,670 |11,532,127 ae 21,504 | 414,800 


438 | 


Mangel-wurzels are growing in favor in every district, and the total acreage has 
increased from 27,670 in 1894 to 34,383 in 1895, About one-third of the mangels raised 
this year were grown in the West Midland district. The average yield per acre for the 
Province is 464 bushels, which is 47 bushels more than in the preceding year, and 28 
bushels more than the average fer the fourteen years. The largest average yield per 
acre was in the Lake Huron group, and the smallest in the Northern Districts. 


yaa vA oe) aly; 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Carrovrs. Notwithstanding the poor start owing to the drouth, carrots presented 
a fair appearance when correspondents wrote in August. Rains were then falling, and 
things were generally promising for the crop. In November most correspondents spoke 
favorably of carrots, both as to yield and quality. Other reports regarding the crop 
would lead one to wonder where the good general yield came from. 


The following table presents the acreage and yield by county groups and for the 
Province : 


Yearly average for the 
1895. 1894, | fourteen years 1882-95, 
-| 
Districts. @ 5 ae ae 
| Acres | Bushels. |-4 3| Acres. | Bushels. |-4 %| Acres. ; Bushels. |< & 
ou Sh | Su 
i 5 | = meat apie ca) pe 
y pn eae nD ea Dee BU RE Pe ck: or cane eR none cae } 
Muake? Wrie? S00. ae eek cs 1,461 516,702} 354 1,032 347,166 336, 809 247,673| 306}. 
Bake. EUrONn Asses ash cep soe 1,199 27,287| 356 1,051 377,833; 359, 1,012 358,376 354 
Georgian BAY). nas. 4s os) ss 1,016 341,833] 336 1,120 388, 724 | 347 1,071 0 385| 362 
PAW est) Midland. ..c.l..<iase. 2.879, “1; 105, 082| 384 2,254 752,999 334 2,211 2, 227| 372 
| Lake Ontario ..... 2,197, 748 836] 341| 2,014 683,754| 340 2,545 cae "951 370 
| St. Lawrence and Ottawa . 2,581 915,339 355, 2,290 706,768) 309 1,794 573, 891] 320 
HastsMidland’ iron. aces 1,306 420,619| 322; 1,121; 872,326] 332) 901 303.793] 337 
Northern Districts.......... 363 105,675 291) 304, 86,570 285) oo 56,832) 289 
| 
TT OGBIB EN Derik anon ot emt 13,002 4,581,373 3 11,186 6.14 9 10, on 3,692, ee 350 


An increase in the area of this crop has taken place in every district excepting the 
Georgian Bay, a total of 13,002 acres of carrots having been grown in 1895, compared 
with 11,186 in 1894. The average yield per aere for the year is 352 bushels, which,is 
two bushels more than the average for the fourteen years. The largest acreage of carrots 
is found in the West Midland group, while last year the St. Lawrence and Ottawa dis- 
trict led in this respect. 


TurNievs. There was a rather poor prospect for turnips in the earlier stages of 
the crop. The drouth at the time of seeding prevented much of the seed from germinat- 
ing. In fact, it was declared by some correspondents that some of the seed did not come 
up until the rains of the early days of August. From that time on favorable weather 
for roots prevailed, and notwithstanding the attacks of the fly and the grasshopper there 
was an average yield of turnips. As in the case of mangels, the roots are rather small 
in size. The acreage and yield are given in the following table by county groups : 


Yearly average for the 


1895. 1894. | fourteen years 1882-95, 
Districts. ae | a¢ op 
| Acres. | Bushels. |< =| Acres. ; Bushels. | %| Acres. | Bushels, |-o 3 
Db | Is & Sk 
eR OS 

: | | bree | | 
DAES HOE o>) ale ial ae a 3,815; 1,472,761’ 386, 3,918) 1,447,707| 369 2,591 936,338] 361 
Dake th nrony os gths oo xsceste Hace 18,428] 7,287,972, 395} 17,200| 7,067, 427; 411} 14,068] 5,774,595} 410 
Georgian Bay w.c....c cece 19,022} 8,188,504 430] 19,231} 8,692,223 462) 14,208) 5,983,610] 421 
West Midland.............. 45,749) 19,264,704 421) 46,713 19, 636, 079, 120 51 4 16,192,797| 480 
Lake Ontario ..... .. ..| 44,004! 18,738,595 426 40, 841| 17, '526,107| 429 32,785] 14,196,216] 433 
St. luawrence and Ottawa. . 6,499! 2,779,464 428 6,960 2,532,097 364 4,713] 1,724,111] 366 
Hast/Midland). 0.50.03 60% - 11,409} 4,740,832) 416, 10,080| 3,887,690 sa 6,990] 2,673,571] 382 
} Northern Districts.......... 2,8 ee | ma 2,714 mate 334 2,347 770, 261| 328 

| 

147,657| 61,694, ne a 115,866 $701 104) 418 


THe: LYOVINCEs saci ae ak 151,806, 63,496, 40a 418: 


18 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


SE eae oN aS na NES = RS a a 


As in the case of the other root crops there has been an increase in the area of 
turnips, although four of the eight districts have failed to equal their respective acreages 
of the preceding year. An interesting feature of the table is the fact that the average 
yield per acre (418 bushels) is the same for 1895, 1894 and 1882-95. 


HAY AND CLOVER. 


Timothy and clover fields suffered severely in 1894 through drouth. Very little 
damage was done in the winter, and the appearance in spring was, on the whole, quite 
promising. The growth of early May was very rapid, although there was a lack of 
moisture, The frosts injured clover very much ; from all parts of the Province it was 
reported as being cut back or killed. Lucerne especially suffered. The injury to clover 
was greater in the west than in the east. Timothy was checked in its growth. Reports 
sent in towards the close of May stated that pasture grasses had suffered in most parts of 
Ontario from lack of rain, and also from the two weeks of cold weather in May. 


The August bulletin thus summarized the reports of correspondents: ‘‘ The only 
thing in favor of the hay crop is the fact that it had splendid weather for harvesting, 
and was saved in the best possible condition. The yields range from a quarter of a ton 
to two and a half tons per acre, but the majority of returns are under one ton to the acre, 
and the average for the season is but .73 tons per acre, which means & half crop. Frost, 
drouth and the grasshopper kept the fields light. Old meadows, almost without excep- 
tion, were complete failures, and many are being plowed up. Timothy did not head well, 
but clover, though short, is as a rule full of seed. It is many a year since the mower 
ran over such light fields of timothy and clover as were found in some of the counties in 
western Ontario. In the counties along the St. Lawrence and Ottawa, however, good 
reports have been received concerning the hay crop, while in the East Midland district 
some old meadows were not cut at all.” 

The November returns led to the conclusion that clover was about the poorest crop 
of the year. Red clover turned out badly, but alsike, on the whole, was very good. 
Winter killing, May frosts and drouth were all held responsible. 

The following table presents the acreage and yield of hay by county, groups and for 
the Province : 


Yearly average for the 
| | 1895. 1894, fourteen years 1882.95. 
| | 
Districts. ey | ey : o 
Acres. Tons. |7'2| Acres. Tons. |72! Acres. Tons. a v 
(>) i>) 
|B 3 Ba a3 
2) 
| | = SS m= 
Lake Erie. .....-.sceeees | 281,750 195,769} .69| 291,617 404,43711.46 281,464 400, 2661.42 
Lake Huron :....5+..... | 264,408 129,544| .49| 280,003 350,372 1.25| 251,269 339,095|1.35 
Georgian Bay .......---- 915,894) 117,816) .55| 217,721! = 271,807 1.25| 203,060 360,72811.28 
West Midland..........- 426,518 256,648| .60| 437,232;  614,425]1.41) 419,648 631,156]1.50 
“*Tiake Ontario..........-:. 432,771 268,707| .62| 429,146 643,611'1.50| 419,459 582,907|1.39 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa.| 661,591 717,704/1.08} 672 247 965,013|1.44| 589,118 799,755|1.36 
East Midland. ......... 181,817 109,845} .60| 178,813] 211,677)1.18| 163,601 194,483]1.19 
Northern Districts...,.. | 72,938 53,881] .74 70,164 y8, S58 Los 51,083 63,098|1.24 
Wotale 2h. Lee sae wes «9. 2,687,673 1,849,914 ae 2 ED ieee es id ane |e 


The area of hay and clover in 1895 is less by 39,269 acres than in the previous year, 
although the Lake Ontario, East Midland and Northern Districts show a slight increase 
in acreage. The average yield per acre for the Province is only .73 ton per acre, which 
is only about half an average crop, and makes the total yield of the Province but 1,849,- 
914 tons, compared with 3,575,200 tons in 1894. In the Lake Huron district the 
average yield per acre was only .49 ton, and in the Georgian Bay counties .55 ton. 


19 


59 Victoria. ‘Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


COMPARATIVE YIELD OF FIELD OROPS. 


AGGREGATE YIELD OF FiELD Crops. The following table gives the 
total yield of staple field crops for each of the past five years, and also the average for 
the fourteen years, 1882-95: 


| 


Field crops. 1895. 1894. 1893. ° 1892. 1891. 1882-95. 

| bushels. | bushels. | bushels, | bushels. | bushels. | bushels. 
et Pe WATOa.b <, Cisccne ee wenete’. otc eis .....| 14,155,282) 16,512,106) 17,545,248} 20,492,497, 21,872,488 17,806,963 
Spring WHeAtA. oc... Cons eee 3,472,543] 3,367,854! 4,186,063] 8,290,395] 10,711,538 7,724,774 
Parlay ee ait deh vate ue ee eae ast 12,090,507! 10,980,404 9,806, 088; 12,274,318] 16,141,904} 17,046,059 
OF EAED Cie Spay Aliern ts aby Nie fie Ye, Aaa | 84,697,566} 70,172,516} 58,584,529) 64,758,053) 75,009,542) 61,594,192 
CY Coiled nn meses ecard tee 1,900,117; 1,386,606 994,771} 1,182,504) 1,134,630; 1,589,008 
1 EL ET OS MP EE EES PEALE Lona tah pa AAS ois 15,568,103, 14,022,888] 14,168,955 14,494,430] 18,323,459) 14,095,782 
Buckwheat levine a Sees or hate ae ee 2,791,749 2,534,335 2,380,456! 2,521,214! 2,608,142' 1,740,483 
PSCATISREL Lie Gite LGnathe Mey See rete 1,494, 179, 827,514 664,310, 535,931 769,600 586,848 
Potataess Aes ak ee ee 29,390,884 17,163,130} 12,911,212 12,289,817] 24,055,886! 18,582,991 
Manivel-wurzéles os oo Gi, vee tiene ok 15,961,502! 11,532,127| 8,582,568] 10,350,474| 11,779,448; 9,414,830 
MOOTTORS web cae <RETA ae ces wee he seie'|~, 4s0 Cl go ye 3,716,140) 2,971,450} 3,827,361) 3,814,016} 3,692,128 
ATO Das Roker, Ge Ati eee, ce mete 63,496, 702 61,694,487; 56,975,355) 63,541,641] 68,853,452) 48,251,499 
Gorn forthusking cs, ie cee sate hie 24,819,899} 16,275,352; 14,072,961 11,229,498).... ..... *16,599,425 

tons. tons. | tons. tons. tons. tons. 
(Cora tor ioaders ls waa. eee et hee 1,775,654| 1,049,765) 1,049,524 948, 907i F e.ye oe | *1,205, 963 
Ea yeane Glovers 'c\:.) eee wes cece | 1,849,914} 3,575,200} 4,963,557} 4,384,838 Fete 3,271,488 


In considering the figures comprising the table it is well to remember that both 
acreage and yield go to make up the results given. Fall wheat and hay and clover are 
the only crops failing to equal their own yields for the year immediately preceding, while 
fall wheat, spring wheat, barley and hay and clover do not show as large yields as their 
respective averages for the fourteen years. 


AVERAGE YIELDS PER ACRE. The following table gives the average 
yield per acre for each of the leading field crops by county groups for 1895 and for the 
Province for both 1894 and 1895, as well as the average for the fourteen years, 1882-95, 
excepting corn, which has been separated into two classes for only four years : 


;. S : 
© : i eh Pea ard pare oS $ The Province. 
5 Buite | giso8] 8] 8 
Field crops. 5 Ob | CEN ores gees al Soca ces oo | 2 
=a 14m) ga | 82] 40 |.25] 8S | AQ |.1895. | 1894. | 1882-95.) 
a S : 
is fo) o Bh So slgs cs ya ; 
bush.| bush.| bush.| bush.| bush.] bush.| bush.| bush. | bush.| bush.| bush. 
Haliiwheat (oi cad ons 16.8 | 21.0 | 25.7 | 18.3 | 18.6 | 22.0 | 19.38 | 20.6 | 19.0 | 21.2 20.1 
Spring wheat.......... 14.7 | 15.9.| 16.4 | 17.4 | 14.1 |] 16.8 | 12582}* 16°2.51/1555 * pela G Les 
iDarleyoour. -.c. oes seek 28.1 | 28.0 | 29.0} 96.8 | 22.3 | 24.8 | 22.6 | 23.5 | 256.3 |-92.6°) 25-5 
CaS ieston Waleska u Loe 38.7 |.38.9 | 35.9 | 38.6 } 34.5.) 32.2 | 30.2:| $121 | 36.7] 30.0 | 34.3 
RY Cities oat es 15.3: 1718.9 1-16.97) 17.645 155 0016. 8-h14 lel 1953.9 abs ete 16.0 
PEAS Ehren ik as otcetis ied overt oae Ss. | 223211755 | 18.0 1:16.45) 22-04 19 Sa 7.. 9 20.2 
Buckwheat............ 20.4.1 20.2 | °23.1 20.3 1°19 204-2310) 19°8)592 8a 206 101774 19.8 
Beaneer terns es 21.1 | 20.1 | 20.6 | 21.1 | 176) 19.4 | 16.9; 14.2 | 2905 | 14.0] 17.3 
POtAGoesy eee cero ban Iso 157 178 | 167 153 164 158 167 159 103 | 119 
Mangel-wurzels ....... 461 007 434 | 492 445 411 432 307 464 417 438 
Carrots: bes eee wes 354 356 336 384 341 355 322 291 352 332 | 350 
POTN DSc een ete ees 386 395 43@ 421 426 428 416 356 418 418 418 
Corn for husking ...... 89.5 | 82.6 | 65.4 | 76.0 | 69.6 | 76.5 | 60.1 | 52.6 | 81.9 | 60.9 | *68.5 
tons.| tons.| tons.| tons.| tons.| tons.| tons.| tons. | tons.} tons.| tons. 
Corn for fodder (green).}| 9.02] 12.06 12.99] 11.54) 11.55! 13.46] 11.17; 8.22 | 11.85! 9.43/*10 75 


Hay and clover .. .... .69 a 55 gi A 1.08 Wi 74 .73| 1,39] 1.38 
| | ’ 
Pe a kN EE ER hay Sts ISS ah 
* These figures are the averages for four years 1892-95. 


20 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Rae eS Ne eat ee ose ee 


Only four crops, namely, fall wheat, rye, peas, and hay and clover fail to equal their 
respective average yields for the fourteen years. The highest average yields are found in 
the following groups: Georgian Bay, fall wheat, barley, buckwheat, potatoes and turnips ; 
Lake Huron, oats, peas and mangel-wurzels ; West Midland, spring wheat and carrots ; 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa, corn for husking and hay and clover ; Lake Erie, corn for | 
husking ; Northern Districts, rye. Beans reach their highest average yield in both the 
Lake Erie and West Midland districts. 


Ratios oF AGGREGATE CROPS. The ratio of total yield of each crop 
is given in the following table by county groups and for the Province, 100 representing 
the average of the Province for the fourteen years, 1882-95 : 


3 . © wo | a - io 
GS 3 ° ot ola @® G m tl 
Districts. = bo ¢ eo ; ot BR |e 2 eos oa ae 
a lEcie (2) e182 (8) 8|8 1881818 |e 
3 a = 3 

fle |Sidie@laialala le |S |e ee 

Tiakethiniet.- ecm aes 78| 17| 91) 140] 187| 74 mi 267 151| 208| 209) 157| 49 
Toakeue UToies oan eraete ee 81} 29] 88] 162| 240| 121) 118] 398} 153; 191) 119 126) 38 
Georgian Bay .........---- 100| 41) 118] 152] 116| 130] 428] 403} 165) 131! 88| 137| 45 
West Midland............. 74| 51| 91! 145| 337| 109) 226) 379| 178 171| 134] 119] 41 
Lake Ontario.............- 81| 38] 52] 128) 129| 117| 174] 220} 172) 136 79| 132) 46 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa..| 67 60| 59] 117! 60) 87| 129} 111| 136] 215) 159 161} 90 
Hast Midland * *.....0:. <: 71| 40} 53] 133] 75 108] 172! 251] 145] 176| 138) 177| 56 
Northern Districts......... 112| 45: mal 155} coed 150| 144| 101! 161] 166) 186} 133] 85 
The: ProvinC@s sian. ins 79| 45)" o 138 2 es 160 29 158 Ae 124| 132) 57 


Se ee ae a Ae Pha kLay Bho 


In this table also both acreage and yield influence the results. Beans, mangel- 
wurzels, buckwheat, potatoes, oats, turnips, carrots, rye and peas, in the order named, 
have ratios above 100, but fall wheat, barley, hay and clover and spring wheat fail to 
reach the standard, the last named crop marking only forty-five for the Province, while 
it dwindled to seventeen in the Lake Erie district. 


Ratios oF YIELD PER AcRE. The table following compares the average 
yield per acre in 1894 with that of the fourteen years 1882-95, the latter being repre- 
sented by 100: 


cae | 3 | ee athe 
aa} ie : ps) o lao . 72 uu 
Districts. fa cg Alea ep | Bl #| 2 (Ss) 3 les 
een ie=| — aa s wn eo iar; & A ln 9° 
alee elepe le beiers eel gl Bas 

fy lo S|SlRR IES Ae See 
Anak Ochirle event ivetcscsts el ae aos 89| 103) 116] 112} 99} 97) 111 126| 180 112! 116} 107) 49 
ibs 8 phe) ah War nc oReepn or 104! 112] 106] 110} 106! 103} 112] 114 137 111| 101| 96) 36 
| Georgian Bay ...... «+-+-- 123} 112) 113) 107] 98) 100; 120 115| 140) 103; 93] 102) 43 
West Midland.......... -.}. 88} 114] 96} 103] 104 106} 109' 122) 138] 107} 103| 93) 40 
Make: Ontario scott Ges cece 91k 92; 88| 98) 102 90| 97] 99} 1385} 101} 92, 98| 45 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa..| 120; 103) 104 102} 95; 94 111| 95| 133} 108} 111; 117) 79 
AON LICL ANG tactetacs states eters 99| 91] 95} 98| 92, 81} 102 101} 130) 104; 96] 109) 50 
Northern Districts......... 103 3 | 102} 102 me 97| 105} 79] 112| 102) 104) 109 60 
Phe PYOVINCE! Seer ves 0s | 95 103) 99} 104| 99| 97} 104 us 134] 106] 101) 100} 53 


eel a Ses se 


Hay and clover fall as low as 54, fall wheat shows 95 and peas 97, barley and rye 99, 
and turnips reach exactly 100, while the remaining crops go over that figure, potatoes 


touching as high as 134. 
21 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (N 0. 36). A. 1896. 


FRUIT AND FRUIT TREES. 


Although the season opened later than usual, the warm weather of the latter part: 
of April rushed growth along at so rapid a rate that observers writing on the lst of May 
could find room for a difference of opinion as to the exact stage of vegetation compared 
with previous seasons. 

In the table following, the area in orchard and garden (as taken by the municipal 
assessors in rural municipalities only), is given by county groups and for the Province, 
together with the :atio per 1,000 cleared in 1895: 


| 
| Bs | s | el ak 3 | ay 33 
f g 8 2 

eee p)ah| aye E 

= 5 a Ra | = 2 Ke) St | = 

Year. Ss a | = RRIEE Wreiet thie etet cs 

© © 2 © ie 89 a 

wd adi, AO 2 id ae 2 aa © 

S S | ® = Es 43 | 3 CFS aa 

4 4 G = H n cs | Z = 
Dibstetia sO ea Si pe Bee ee clad ele Us ST 
acres.| acres. | acres,! acres.! acres. | lea acres.|  acres| acres. 
ESOO Meta aer Babee, Bak Rit hes 42,201| 24,084] 138,455] 38,444] 59,724} 13,619 9,877 1,210} 202,614 
BORE dene ctdecks® axiie ts 41,727| 23,401) 13,001] 38,731] 58,123) 12,481) 10,440 J,064| 198,968 
NSO Reece enettg: Wieshicay' she 42,114| 22,433] 13,278] 39,293] 58,715) 13,156 8, 962 1,109} 199,060 
Gh} Pita aa RNS Ya a 42,412| 22,815] 12,351] 38,598] 56,275) 11,686 9,416 545| 194,098 
TGOIAy ede score 6 itr he. 40,802] 22,167 a 37,704] 58,267] 12,011; 9,130 893| 187,832! 

Rate per 1,000 acres 
cleared in 1895...... | 27.5 LG ANY | 15.9 | 20.3 | 5.6 | Lis0 | 6.1 16.3 


The rural area in orchard and garden now amounts to 202,614 acres, there being an 
increase of 3,646 acres over the figures for 1894, although the East and West Midland 
groups show a slight decrease The ratio in orchard and garden per 1,000 acres cleared 
is 16.5 for the Province. The Lake Erie and Lake Ontario groups, comprising the 
famous fruit districts of the Province, show a ratio of 27.5 and 25.3 respectively. 


The following information regarding the orchard and vineyard was contained in the: 
June bulletin: “‘In the Lake Erie Counties grapes and strawberries have been much 
injured, except on Pelee Island, where the prospects are reported as very good. Orchards 
and vineyards near the lakes have suffered less than others. Cherries have been rather 
severely injured, pears and peaches not so much; apples promise a good crop. Most. 
damage was done on May 21st. In the Niagara district the effects varied with the 
location and surrounding conditions, protected or sheltered lands suffering very much 
less than exposed. Grapes, cherries, small fruits, plums, peaches, pears and apples were: 
affected in the order named—grapes most, apples least. The reports from Lake Huron, 
Georgian Bay and West Midland counties are more unanimous and decided as to the ill 
effects, apples having suffered more than elsewhere. Near Lake Simcoe less damage is. 
reported. From Toronto east along the lake the injury was limited. In the Bay of 
Quinte district the grapes and strawberries were affected. In the St. Lawrence and East 
Midland districts apples are fair and promising. On the whole the grape crop is reported 
a failure except from Pelee and a few favored places in the southwest and Niagara dis- 
tricts, Small fruits, peaches, plums and pears, wiil be limited in quantity. Cherries 
are likely to be very short. With the exception of the Huron tract, apples promise a 
fair yield, especially in the case of winter varieties. Some fruit trees may yet make up 
for the part of the loss. There will probably be a fair amount of fruit.” 


The August bulletin said: ‘‘The Bureau has never received more discouraging 
reports concerning fruit. Apples have been a great failure. The bulk of correspondents 
report none at all, or a dozen or two on a tree. A number hazard the opinion that a 
half bushel or possibly a bushel might be the average, while occasional correspondents 
have a generous yield to report. The best returns come from districts near the lakes. 
Plums are a poor crop, and so are peaches. Cherries did not do as well as usual, but 
they were not so badly troubled with black knot asin former years, Grapes, which were- 


22 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


— 


almost entirely cut off by the May frosts, put forth a second bud, and about half a crop. 
is expected. Raspberries did well in the Niagara and Hamilton sections, but strawberries 
suffered from frost and drouth. There was a fair amount of wild fruits in the northern 
and eastern portions of the Province.” 


The returns sent in in November were to the following effect: ‘‘ Frost and drouth 
have been trying to orchard, garden and vineyard. In the inland portion of western 
Ontario apples have been a failure, and other fruits have been only slightly better, owing 
to the severe frosts of May. Near the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, however, and 
in the counties along the St. Lawrence, apples and many other fruits were abundant. 
Insects had done hardly as much injury as usual, and hopes were expressed that these 
enemies of the orchard might suffer more than the trees from the experience of the year. 
While here and there grape vines had been killed out by the May frosts, in most cases. 
a new growth of wood was made, and prospects were not bad for the immediate future. 


IMPORTS OF FRUIT AT THE PORT OF TORONTO. 


The following table gives the import of fruit. by boat at the port of Toronto in the 
years 1894 and 1895: 


1894. 1895. 
Barrel sweat aie tere an eigi eee A oS, 0, o Slein 0 e's take 4,172 3,214 
ESO XPR aes eit ita tery SOOT Ie e crn, ool lale a Sydla: aie uf Bia tad fetes 11,858 2,161 
SSCL SMPTE: eters te tc eine Sialeilurete shee erie Ne 234,760 77,976 


As the fruit imports by boat at Toronto come principally from Niagara and Grimsby, 
this falling off points conclusively to a large decrease in the fruit production in 1895 of 
the Niagara peninsula as compared with the year 1894. | 


There was a falling off in every class of package in 1895, more especially in boxes 
and baskets, and the total import of fruit by water route was only about one-third of 
that of the preceding year. It would be interesting to know to what extent the ship- 
ments by rail were affected. In the absence of definite figures it is fair to assume that 
there was also a falling off in the imports of fruit by train, The above table suggests a 
very poor yield of fruit compared with the previous year. 


REMARKS OF CORRESPONDENTS. 


From THE Avuacust RETURNS. 


Gosfield, N., Essex: It is many years since we had so little fruit. Near the lakes and the Detroit 
3 the frost did not do so much damage, and some fruit growers there will have an abundant crop to 
ispose of. 


Howard, Kent: Don’t mention fruit in Kent, except where sheltered by the Lake Erie fogs Perhaps 
for two miles along the lake there is some fruit, but inland there is none whatever. ‘I have ten acres under 
fruit and have not seen a single apple. 


Raleigh, Kent: Along the lake there will be a very heavy and extra fine crop of grapes. 
Sherbrooke, Haldimand: Grapes started again after the frost, and are producing a fair crop. 
Vespra, Simcoe ; On seventy apple trees in my orchard I will get about one barrel. 


Minto, Wellington: Nearly all bloom on apple trees was killed in May, but some late varieties are 
going to have fair crops. The apples will be clean of scab, but rather wormy. 


Grimsby, N., Lincoln: Apples are clean and smooth, but!there is more codling moth than anticipated. 
The early brood did little damage, but the late brood has been very active. 


Trafalgar, Halton: I notice quite a difference where the trees were sprayed for codling moth. Spraying 
has been a decided success this year. 


Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Apples are remarkably free from spot or scab this year, but they have: 
had their usual insect enemies. 


Elmsley, Lanark: Fruit trees and vines look well. We may thank the Bureau and College for it. I 
sprayed my trees and vines as instructed and am well paid. 


23 


59 Victoria, 3 Sessional Papers (N 0. 36). A. 1896. 
NE SERVI fe SUN NC ase ee 
FRUIT AND FRUIT TREES. 


Although the season opened later than usual, the warm weather of the latter part. 
of April rushed growth along at so rapid a rate that observers writing on the 1st of May 
could find room for a difference of opinion as to the exact stage of vegetation compared 
with previous séasons. 


In ihe table following, the area in orchard and garden (as taken by the municipal 
assessors in rural municipalities only), is given by county groups and for the Province, 
together with the :atio per 1,000 cleared in 1895: 


| 


| 
= so = 
Pera asa emer Mero heehee: 
ace S =| ia | = BS = ee | 5 
Year. cs | = | a OSs cela tS ee ae 
: g z Se at eerie eae 
4 4 | 8 s ci eagle 
4 BM Bo es = 4 | a aie ka = 
Ene eee ee ee A RTS pv. 2 ae sein aa PMs, ia ay Pala NERA ESE A oe oa 
acres.| acres. | acres.! acres.! acres, pee acres.|  acres| acres. 
TROD Meda eee ne ky, 42,201| 24,084] 18,455] 38,444 59,724} 13,619 9877 1,210} 202,614 
LOOSE aon a beds sche 41,727| 23,401) 13,001] 38,731 58,123] 12,481]; 10,440 J,064| 198,968 
ASD S ere ies Cia tenis 42,114| 22,433] 13,278] 39,293 58,715} 13,156 8,962 1,109} 199,060 
BOOM RN S OhR es 42,412/ 22,815] 14,351] 38,598] 56,275} 11,686] 9.416 545! 194,098 
SESE Wie 40,802| 22°167} 11/858 a7 704 53,287| 12,011! 9,130 893| 187,832 
Rate per 1,000 acres 
cleared in 1895...... | 27.5 | 16.7 | LTV | 15.9 | 25.3 | 5.6 | 11.0 | Gr 16.3 


The rural area in orchard and garden now amounts to 202,614 acres, there being an 
increase of 3,646 acres over the figures for 1894, although the East and West Midland 
groups show a slight decrease The ratio in orchard and garden per 1,000 acres cleared 
is 16.3 for the Province. The Lake Erie and Lake Ontario groups, comprising the 
famous fruit districts of the Province, show a ratio of 27.5 and 25 3 respectively. 


The following information regarding the orchard and vineyard was contained in the: 
June bulletin: “In the Lake Erie Counties grapes and strawberries have been much 
injured, except on Pelee Island, where the prospects are reported as very good. Orchards 
and vineyards near the lakes have suffered less than others. Cherries have been rather 
severely injured, pears and peaches not so much ; apples promise a good crop. Most 
damage was done on May 21st. In the Niagara district the effects varied with the 
location and surrounding conditions, protected or sheltered lands suffering very much 
less than exposed. Grapes, cherries, small fruits, plums, peaches, pears and apples were: 3 
affected in the order named—grapes most, apples least. The reports from Lake Huron, i 
Georgian Bay and West Midland counties are more unanimous and decided as to the ill 
effects, apples having suffered more than elsewhere. Near Lake Simcoe less damage is. 
reported. From Toronto east along the lake the injury was limited. In the Bay of 
Quinte district the grapes and strawberries were affected. In the St. Lawrence and Kast 
Midland districts apples are fair and promising. On the whole the grape crop is reported 
a failure except from Pelee and a few favored places in the southwest and Niagara dis- 
tricts. Small fruits, peaches, plums and pears, will be limited in quantity. Oherries 
are likely to be very short. With the exception of the Huron tract, apples promise a 
fair yield, especially in the case of winter varieties, Some fruit trees may yet make up 
for the part of the loss. There will probably be a fair amount of fruit.” 


The August bulletin said: “The Bureau has never received more discouraging 
reports concerning fruit. Apples have been a great failure. The bulk of correspondents 
report none at all, or a dozen or two on a tree. A number hazard the opinion that a. 
half bushel or possibly a bushel might be the average, while occasional correspondents 
have a generous yield to report. The best returns come from districts near the lakes. 
Plums are a poor crop, and so are peaches. Cherries did not do as well as usual, but 
they were not so badly troubled with black knot as in former years. Grapes, which were 


22 


59 Victoria. — Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


eke 


almost entirely cut off by the May frosts, put forth a second bud, and about half a crop. 
ig expected. Raspberries did well in the N iagara and Hamilton sections, but strawberries 
suffered from frost and drouth. There was a fair amount of wild fruits in the northern 
and eastern portions of the Province.” 


; The returns sent in in November were to the following effect: ‘ Frost and drouth 

have been trying to orchard, garden and vineyard. In the inland portion of western 
Ontario apples have been a failure, and other fruits have been only slightly better, owing 
to the severe frosts of May. Near the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, however, and 
in the counties along the St. Lawrence, apples and many other fruits were abundant, 
Insects had done hardly as much injury as usual, and hopes were expressed that these 
enemies of the orchard might suffer more than the trees from the experience of the year, 
While here and there grape vines had been killed out by the May frosts, in most cases. 
a new growth of wood was made, and prospects were not bad for the immediate future. 


IMPORTS OF FRUIT AT THE PORT OF TORONTO. 


The following table gives the import of fruit. by boat at the port of Toronto in the 
years 1894 and 1895: 


1894. 1895, 
POALTC LSumeteRt treme Rea, in ee pu Bl! Fe a 4,172 3,214 
DOES RNE IR See em a OR BS 8 os « yee Dh 11,858 2,161 
PASC Ramee ema E iryce, ee RRS oMlO At WONG fogs, EE 234,760 77,976 


As the fruit imports by boat at Toronto come principally from Niagara and Grimsby, 
this falling off points conclusively to a large decrease in the fruit production in 1895 of 
the Niagara peninsula as compared with the year 1894. | 


There was a falling off in every class of package in 1895, more especially in boxes 
and baskets, and the total import of fruit by water route was only about one-third of 
that of the preceding year. It would be interesting to know to what extent the ship- 
ments by rail were affected. In the absence of definite figures it is fair to assume that. 
there was also a falling off in the imports of fruit by train. The above table suggests a. 
very poor yield of fruit compared with the previous year. 


REMARKS OF CORRESPONDENTS. 


From tHE Avuaust Returns. 


Gosfield, N., Essex: It is many years since we had so little fruit. Near the lakes and the Detroit 


river the frost did not do so much damage, and some fruit growers there will have an abundant crop to 
dispose of, 


Howard, Kent: Don’t mention fruit in Kent, except where sheltered by the Lake Erie fogs Perhaps 
for two miles along the lake there is some fruit, but inland there is none whatever. ‘I have ten acres under 
fruit and have not seen a single apple. 


Raleigh, Kent: Along the lake there will be a very heavy and extra fine crop of grapes. 
Sherbrooke, Haldimand : Grapes started again after the frost, and are producing a fair crop. 
Vespra, Simcoe ; On seventy apple trees in my orchard [ will get about one barrel. 


Minto, Wellington : Nearly all bloom on apple trees was killed in May, but some late varieties are 
going to have fair crops. The apples will be clean of scab, but rather wormy. 


Grimsby, N., Lincoln: Apples are clean and smooth, butfthere is more codling moth than anticipated, 
The early brood did little damage, but the late brood has been very active. 


Trafalgar, Halton: I notice quite a difference where the trees were sprayed for codling moth. Spraying 
has been a decided success this year, 


Ameliasburg, Prince Edward : Apples are remarkably free from spot or scab this year, but they have: 
had their usual insect enemies. 


Elmsley, Lanark: Fruit trees and vines look well. We may thank the Bureau and College for it, T 
sprayed my trees and vines as instructed and am well paid. 


23 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 36), "Ar 1896 


Laxton, Victoria: Wild raspberries are a good crop, but there are ‘no huckleberries. 
Morrison, Muskoka: No huckleberries, few raspberries, thimbleberries good, no cranberries. 


From THE NOVEMBER RETURNS. 


Pelee Island, Essex: Many peach trees were broken down with the heavy winds and loads of fruit on 
them before ripe, and a few late peaches were hurt with frost. 


Howard, Kent: In an orchard of over 150 trees there were only three apples, which were closely 
watched by two little boys lest some other boys might appropriate them. Along the shore of Lake Erie 
there is an abundant crop of apples, peaches, grapes, etc. This state of things is caused by the fog or mist 
from the lake covering two miles or so inland, and shielding the blossoms from the May frosts. 


Raleigh, Kent : Several thousand peach trees were planted during the spring. 


Raleigh, Kent: There was a considerable loss in apples from drouth and codling moth —perhaps forty 
er cent. Trees sprayed from three to five times show little if any difference so far as wormy fruit goes. 
housands of barrels of apples have been shipped, but only of medium quality. First class peaches, grapes 

and berries have been shipped to all parts of Ontario and to Manitoba and Quebec. Our quinces were 
shipped to Cleveland and Detroit. 


Canboro’, Welland: Some of our farmers are going more largely into fruit raising, both in the vine- 
yard and in the orchard. 


Bayham, Elgin: Farmers should try the following experiment: put a coat of straw around your fruit 
trees before the frost goes out in the spring, and remove it when the frost is out, and you will not fail to get 
a crop of fruit. I tried it last spring and harvested ten barrels from one tree. It is best adapted to early 
varieties of fruit. 


Stanley, Huron: In some localities there are no apples at all. Along the shore of Lake Huron was the 
only section having a surplus. The only reason given is that along the lake the frost has been less severe, 


Tuckersmith, Huron: The supply of fruit is already exhausted, and we have to depend upon importa- 
tions for home use. 


Bentinck, Grey: Fruit trees are in very poor condition. They never got over the shake they got by 
the frost in the spring, and I think a good many will die. 


Grimsby, S., Lincoln: Apple and pear trees are in good condition. Grape vines were damaged to a 
very great extent by the heavy May frosts. Many of the vines were cut back near to the ground, and new 
canes reared. The supply was not sufficient for local demand, excepting apples, of which there is a slight 
surplus. 


Nelsen, Halton: There is a great giving up of agriculture for horticulture, Thousands upon thousands 
of fruit trees are being planted. The orchards receive attention first, and the usual farming operations are 
a secondary matter with many. 


Marysburg N., Prince Edward: The apple crop was large. Several thousand barrels have been 
exported from this township. The quality was good, free from spots or stings, but in some cases small. 


Clarence, Russell: There has been considerable loss by borers, tent caterpillars, blight and frost. In 
some orchards summer apples were badly injured by spring frosts. Storms also occasioned considerable 
loss to apple trees where not sheltered in the direction from which the wind came. 


FARM SUPPLIES IN THE SPRING. 


The June bulletin contained the following: ‘‘ It would seem as if farmers are acting 
more independently of each other in the matter of what they raise and what they keep in 
store. Oertainly there is a variety of opinion as to the supply of grain and cattle now 
on hand. There appears to be plenty of hay in most localities, although in the more 
eastern part of the Province most of the surplus hay was exported, and there is very little 
to spare in the northern districts. Oats are rather scarcer than usual, although most of 
our correspondents report ample for local requirements. There is a wide difference of 
opinion regarding the quantity of wheat in barns. One farmer is reported as holding 
4,000 bushels, waiting for the grain to command a dollar a bushel, and another corres- 
pondent declares that a dollar a bushel would bring out a surprisingly.large amount of 
wheat ; but the general tenor of the reports leads to the opinion that farmers have less 
wheat in store than for several years past. Immense quantities of this and other grains 
have been fed to cattle and hogs. Fat cattle are not so plentiful as usual, although in 
some localities a number of prime beasts were being finished for the market. Store cattle 
also appear to be scarcer than in previous years, although several correspondents speak 
of there being a fair number of young cattle for turning off in the fall. Dairying appears 
to be more popular than beef raising at present, but a considerable number of dry cows 
were being offered to butchers during the latter part of the winter.” 


24 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). | A, 1896 


THRESHING AND MARKETING. 


The bulk of correspondents, writing on November 8th, reported threshing as com- 
pleted or well advanced, while a few, more particularly in the East Midland district, 
stated that there was still considerable to be done. Reports did not agree as to the pro- 
gress of marketing. Several correspondents reported half the oats and wheat to be sold. 
There appeared, however, to be a tendency to hold wheat and other grains for an advance 
in price, and a number of correspondents asserted that sales had been made only where 
there was a pressure for cash. Low prices were leading farmers to feed more grain to 
live stock, and it was thought that a large quantity of barley and peas would he disposed 
of in that way. For this reason it was hard to estimate what proportion of the grain 
crops would be left in the farmers’ hands for sale later in the season. 


FALL PLOWING, 


Reports varied concerning progress in the line of fall plowing.. The dry weather 
made the sod difficult to plow, but plowing on stubble was about completed as 
correspondents wrote early in November, Favorable weather was prevailing as corres- 
pondents wrote, and it was expected that a larger area than usual would be turned under 
before the season closed. 


FARM IMPROVEMENTS. 


The November bulletin contained the following: “Farmers appear to be giving 
more attention to the appearance of their buildings and surroundings. Bank barns are 
much in favor, and many old barns are being raised so as to have good stone stables built 
under them. The old zig zag rail fence is rapidly being replaced by wire and board 
fences. Hedges also appear to be growing in popularity. A considerable amount of 
tile draining has been done in Western Ontario. Most of the work has been done by 
the farmers themselves. Tile machines do not seem to be in favor.” 


EXTRACTS FROM RETURNS OF CORRESPONDENTS. 
SPECIAL CROPS. 


Colchester 8., Essex: We have aclimate here which I think is favorable to the growing of lucerne, 
and several are trying the experiment of growing it, although the season has been unfavorable to getting a 
start. The high price of the seed keeps many from buying it. If lucerne is one-half as good as represented 
it would be a boon to farmers in this country. I have sown five acres and have a very good stand, but can- 
not count much on it for a crop as yet. 


Gosfield N., Essex: I operate a small factory for the manufacture of syrup from sorghum. No one 
here tries to make sugar, although properly defecated juice will often make a syrup that will granulate 
without any effort. I would think there must have been from 15,000 to 20,000 gallons of syrup made in the 
county of Essex this year. I made up several patches that went from 100 to 150 gallons per acre. I think 
Essex and Kent could supply the rest of the Province with a purer and better article of syrup than is gene- 
rally purchased from the large sugar houses. 


Rochester, Essex: Nearly all the farmers in this locality have raised a little sorghum which turned 
out well this year, and has made a good quality of syrup. 


Pelee Island, Essex: Sugar beets and tobacco have been tried quite extensively, and I believe with 
very satisfactory results. Farmers are quitting sorghum on account of the cheapness of sugar. We have 


only one boat to carry passengers and freight, as the produce is not yet large enough to create much 
opposition. 


25 


58 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Harwich, Kent: Sorghum is very generally raised for home use, there being several factories for 
pressing and evaporating it within easy distance around here. I think people have made a great mistake. 
In cutting their bush down as they have, as this, in my opinion, has a great deal to do with our increasing 
drouths. When there was a considerable quantity of bush the lands held water, and there was a greater 
amount oi water in the air and a greater attraction to rainfall, 


Yarmouth, Elgin: <A large area of rape was sown on wheat stubble. It did well, as it was very 
favorable weather for it at the time it was sown. Millet was sown to help out the short hay crop. It did 
not get a very good growth on account of the dry weather. Corn has been an extra crop, and a large acre- 
age has been planted. I have a field that turned out 188 bushels of ears per acre. 


Walsingham, N., Norfolk: Sorghum is grown in some localities, but not to the extent it was a few- 
years ago. — 


Culross, Bruce: A flax mill was erected in Teeswater this vear, and a considerable area was sown to 
flax, which appears to have done well in most cases. If the venture proves a success a large area will be 
sown next year. 


Sydenham, Grey: Growing timothy seed has got to be quite in favor in parts of this township during 
the last few years, but this year it is nearly a failure, and where there were large quantities shipped there 
will hardly be enough for home consumption. 


Vespra, Simcoe: Usually a good deal of maple sugar and syrup is made in this towaship, some- 
makers having as many as 1,200 trees tapped. This season has been a poor one, as there has not been 
more than one-half the usual run of sap. 


Zorra E., Oxford: Flax is raised here quite extensively in some localities where the land is suitable. 
It is a favorable crop for newly drained swamp lands, seeming to bring the soil into a firm condition sooner 
than any other crop. The land is usually rented to the owner of the flax mills for the crop, the owner- 
plowing and fitting the land, and the lessee sowing and harvesting it. Returns of $12 and $15, and as high 
as $20 per acre, are quite common on lands that would hardly bring any other crop. However, flax 
suffered greatly from spring frosts this year. 


Luther, W., Wellington: Flax was a good crop, Farmers grow from a half to seven or eight acres of 
this crop. It is generally pulled by flax “bees” and sold at once to the mills, bringing in a little much- 
needed money in summer, 


Nichol, Wellington: A large quantity of flax was sown in the spring. On account of spring frosts. 
and drouth the crop was very variable, yielding from one to three tons per acre. 


Peel, Wellington: There was a very large quantity of flax sown in this section, and the bulk of it was. 
well up above ground at the date of the great frost. There was not a vestige of it left ; it has all been 
burned off, leaving the land like a summer fallow. 

Caistor, Lincoln: Lucerne has been tried a little with good results on high, well-drained land ; is. 
especially well adapted to withstand the dry seasons ; makes excellent hay when cut green ; should be cut 
as soon as the crop is half out in flower. It is sure to produce a good second cutting, no matter how dry 
the season. Rape has been sown to a limited extent. We find it profitable as a catch crop sown with oats. 
in spring, or in corn just before running thrcugh the last time with cultivator. 


Athol, Prince Edward: Tomatoes are grown here for canning. Two large factories at Picton take 
the produce of several hundred acres. Farmers grow from two to four acres; yield about four hundred. 
pushels per acre at 25 cents a bushel. 


Sophiasburg, Prince Edward: Very few hop yards worked in hops this year ; there is a large acreage- 
where not a pole has beenset up. Grain crops have been put in in place of hops, the poles are stacked and 
the roots left in the ground. The farmers who have hop yards say that prices are too low to pay working- 
expenses. 


Storrington, Frontenac: I sowed a field of lucerne last year, and this season it was the best paying 
crop I had on the farm. I cut three crops off of it ; the drouth did not affect it a bit. I have been sowing 
black barley for three or four years, and I find it a splendid grain for feed; ground with oats it makes 
fine feed. 


Dalhousie, Lanark: Sugar making did not lastlong. It was late in starting. None was made before 
the first of April. I» was finished by the 20th of the same month, and did not run regularly in that time. 
There was from one-third to one-half less made this year than usual. 


Watt and Monck, Muskoka: Some years ago I had an impression that the growing of sunflowers. 
brought the ladybug. The last two years’ experience has strengthened this impression. In 1893 on a cer-. 
tain piece of land I had a crop of potatoes ; in 1894 the same land was in corn, and I did not have any sun- 
flowers that year. The Colorado beetle was plentiful, and self-sown potatoes among the corn were eaten: 
down to the bare stalk. In 1895 the same piece of ground carried sunflowers ; the ladybugs were plentiful, 
and a few self-sown potatoes still left in the piece of ground were practically uninjured. Do you hear of 
any other such experience? I am inclined to plant my potatoes with sunflowers, two drills alternately. 


St. Joseph, Algoma: Flax continues to be grown, but for the seed only. Corn is much more largely 
planted, as it forms a very convenient feed in the early winter. Steady improvement is being made—the- 
most noticeable is in better buildings and fences. 


THE VALUE OF GOVERNMENT REPORTS, 


Cayuga S., Haldimand: Farmers are getting out of the old ruts and are employing many new 
methods, much of which has been accomplished by means of the various reports issued by the Ontario. 
Department of Agriculture. If the Government could place a covy in the hand of every farmer even 
better results could be gained. I have received the reports for several years and have been benefited by 
eo greatly, as also some of my friends who do not receive them, to whom I give mine after I have read 


them. 
26 


59 Victoria. — Sessional Papers (No. 36), A, 1896 
ee A a aS) 70 Sr i Rat ov, RS 


Sombra, Lambton: The Farmers’ Institute is attracting increased patronage. The literature is doing 


eves in many ways. The lectures set people thinking and talking about something bestdes their neighbors 
and politics, 


Storrington, Frontenac: If farmers would attend the farmers’ institutes meetings, listen to the 
speakers which the Goverament so kindly sends us, and follow their teachings, it would give them a better 
idea of how to make farming successful. Those who attend these meetings regularly are the men who are : 
at the top of the profession. Another help would be to send the boys to the O. A, College. 


Plantagenet S., Prescott: The Farmers’ Institute report and other literature received by farmers 
ought to make some impression even on a more benighted community than our farmers. 


Horton, Renfrew: Ihave been reading the annual reports of the Dairymen and Creameries’ Associa- 
tions, which are chuck full of information ; also the Poultry and Pet Stock report. 


Elmsley, Lanark: Allow me to express my thanks for the zeal and energy that you and your associates 
put forth towards the welfare of the farmers—I might say for the community at large—as what benefits 
the farmer is felt by all classes. I think the knowledge I have got direct and indirect is worth, at the 
least, one thousand dollars. One ef your students has been judge on stock here for two years at our fair 
and has given good satisfaction. God speed you and yours. 


FARMERS AND AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 


Harwich, Kent: I have heard farmers argue that it was against the farmers’ interests to supply the 
Bureau of Industries with information relating to the farming business. They thought it gave grain 
dealers and drovers a chance to regulate the markets to suit themselves. I think that this is a mistake. 


[Our correspondent takes a correct view of the case. It does not seem to be generally understood that 
the large dealers procured through their local agents and other sources, for their own use, regular reports 
on the promise and yield of crops, not for Ontario only but for every other grain-growing country, thereby 
enabling them when possible to forestall the markets. The Bureau’s reports are intended to supply the 
samé information (only more fully and accurately) to the farmers themselves, so that, being posted on 
supply and demand, the prices of crops may not be left under the control of dealers, The refusal of farmers 
to supply the Bureau of Industries with this information will not leave buyers a whit less informed on crops 
than they always are | ' 


GENERAL REMARKS. 


From THE May Returns. 


Colchester S., Essex: There has been no water in the ditches this spring. Wells are going dry which 
could never be pumped out. 


Mersea, Essex: The principal change in agricultural methods appears to be growing less wheat and 
more rye, mostly for early pasture. More are giving their attention to dairying, especially to cheese. Two 
years ago there were two cheese factories operated in Essex, while this season there will be ten. 


Raleigh, Kent: I think it will soon be time for the Minister of Agriculture to take stringent measures 
with township councils to enforce the Noxious Weeds Act. It is a dead letter here. <A larger amount of 
tile draining than usual is going on this spring. 


Bertie, Welland: The Government of Ontario ought to legislate in some way to benefit our roads, 
which are a drawback to better and more successful results to farmers. 


Sombra, Lambton: Tile drainage is increasing gradually and does well. Our Agricultural Society 
has passed a resolution that no prize money will be paid for unregistered bulls, boars and rams. It ought 
to be a statutory law. 


Ashfield, Huron: Some are getting over the practice of feeding straw to stock all winter, and most 
of the improvement in this and in other important respects is due to Government bulletins and reports. 


Goderich, Huron: I never saw such a killing frost, I passed a bush yesterday and nearly all the 
beech trees and young hemlocks looked as if a fire had been running through. Rhubarb was cut down to 
the ground, and even the Canada thistles were blackened in placas, 


Elderslie, Bruce: Western corn and the silo are occupying a good deal of space in the farmer’s atten- 
tion at present, with more or less success. Poultry, too, are coming more into favor, especially with the 
farmer’s wife, and deservedly so. 


Keppel, Grey: I advocate every man taking charge of his own stock, and thus having the road cleared 
of the same, especially trom the middle of June till October Ist. Thenif the roads were tidied up, and 
there should be a little grass, it could be cut. The rich put their stock on the road as well as the poor, and 
although this causes much annoyance, no one likes to interfere. Every man should take charge of his 
stock, and only keep what he can feed, 


Vespra, Sin coe: Many flocks of sheep are so badly infected with ticks that they cannot thrive. I 
examined a flock a few days ago, and they were so terribly infested that they were in great misery and in 
very poor condition, and the young lambs were also covered. This is a matter most farmers are too care- 
less about. The application of one good dose of insect powder would entirely clean them, and at a very 
trifling cost. Lecturers at institutes, who speak on the subject of sheep husbandry, should emphasize this 
matter more than they do. There is more loss in this direction than most people are aware of. Many 
farmers are feeding a lot of vermin instead of growing mutton and wool, 


Ekfrid, Middlesex : The only change in farm culture is that we are going into more grass and less 
grain, thereby requiring less farm help. 


tS 
“I 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). _ 4, A. 1886 


Oxford, E., Oxford: I think farmers try to work too much land for the amount of farm help*they can 
get and pay for. I am satisfied that some ofthe men in this neighborhood who farm from 50 to 100 acres . 
realize much better from the capital invested than others who are working larger farms, 


Easthope N., Perth: Many practised winter dairying at home this season, and made a good article 
{thanks to some extent to the travelling dairy), but it had the effect of making an over-supply, and I can- 
not remember when the market was so low. Even the wonder-working, market-making twenty cents a. 
pound for winter creamery, made sure no matter what it sold for, did not relieve the home market or create 
a foreign one. 


Peel, Wellington: There was a very large quantity of flax sown in this section, and the bulk of it was 
well above ground at the date of the great frost. There was not a vestige of it left ; it has all been 
burned off, leaving the land like a summer fallow. 


Waterloo, Waterloo: I have noticed a good many farms where the people years ago could pull out all 
the wild mustard in a day or more, but now it is too late to eradicate the weed in that simple way. Instead | 
of sowing oats on such land, they should sow summer rye, and make a summer fallow every year. Plowin 
the fall and work in the spring. Then sow fall wheat, followed by turnips. Then sow summer rye again, 
and so clean the land. 


Grimsby 8., Lincoln: We want the assistance of the Government to get better roads through the 
utilizing of convict labor. They can be kept in the country as cheaply as in their present quarters. This 
would not come in conflict with the manufacturers. 


Beverly, Wentworth : Hundreds of car loads of turnips were shipped from our railway station last fall 
and winter. The average price was about ten cents a bushel. But it is only those who live near a railway 
station who can take advantage of this market, as it does not pay to haul them a long distance. 


Flamboro’, Wentworth: Allowing cattle or horses to run on and feed off the grass Jands very close to 
the ground in the fall or early winter is hard on pasture land or meadow. I have never allowed this to be 
done, for it is nearly as bad as killing the goose that lays theyoldenegg. I have also contended that newly 
seeded gruunds should not be cropped off ir. the fall of the year unless very heavy. It is also a bad policy 
to pasture too early in the spring—that is, for keeping up a supply of pasture. I hardly ever allow the 
ground to become bare from over-cropping or grazing. You will never have land get what is called ‘‘ hide- 
bound ” if you leave a fair amount of grass on the soil to protect the roots, and grass will start, and the 
drouth will not affect the crop if the grass is left longer in the fall and not pastured so early in the spring. 


Gwillimbury E., York: The effects of winter weather have been very peculiar during the past year. 
T have a field of twelve acres sown with fall wheat that had a wind-break on two sides, and it is looking 
exceptionally well at present. I have another field of thirteen acres that was exposed to the full sweep of 
the cold winds, on several acres of which there are not a dozen plants to the square rod alive, so completely 
was it killed. 


Mara, Ontario: Although considerable corn is grown here, and a number of silos have been built during 
the past two years, yet farmers are growing more roots each year. Turnips and mangels—the latter more 
especially—are grown in large quantities by almost every farmer. Mangels are considered better for hogs 
than turnips. They are usually ‘‘pulped” and fed to hogs with or without chop, and give good results. 
They are also fed to cows. 


Darlington, Durham: More hogs have been fed the last two or three years than formerly. In winter 
I feed them twice a day from the time they are weaned. I give mangels once a day, and a good feed of 
mixed meals, say one part each of oats, barley, peas and buckwheat, mixed with milk or swiil. At from 
eight to nine months they will weigh 250 lb., live weight. There is money in feeding swine in this way, 
but they must have a warm pen while feeding mangels. About two weeks before shipping give them meal 
twice a day. ; . 


Percy, Northumberland: Farmers are making no money. The cost of working the farm is too great 
compared with the returns. Many are giving it up as an unprofitable business, as when expenses are paid 
there is nothing left for interest on capital. The farm laborer who is engaged at 75 cents a day and board 
is a king compared to the man who employs him. 


Winchester, Dundas: The most of our farmers have good, warm stables for cows and horses. The 
silo is pretty common now, but many cut up their corn and feed it cured asin the past. Others cut up 
the corn, hay and straw together and feed it. 


Kenyon, Glengarry: We are badly off for tile for draining purposes. Our land wants underdraining, 
and our farmers are becoming more convinced of that fact every year. 


Hawkesbury, E., Prescott: Farmers are feeding their cattle better than they used to in this township. 
There are now quite a number of silos in operation. Some sow corn, and feed dry to their cattle. 


Algona, 8., Renfrew: The principal change in agricultural methods in this township is that we sell 
less hay and grain, feed our cattle better, and sell more live stock, which we find pays. 


Laxton, Victoria: About the middle of February a disease broke out among milch cows. It attacked 
cattle in other parts of this district and also in the village of Coboconk. AJ] the animals had to be 
destroyed. A veterinary surgeon was sent from Toronto, who pronounced the disease to be non-conta- 
gious, and stated that it had been caused by the cattle eating hay affected with ergot—principally June 
grass. About twenty head of cattle were lost from this cause, 


Snowdon, Haliburton: Sheep husbandry, for which this country is eminently adapted, is, I am glad to 
report, extending rapidly, and promises to become one of our leading features, if buyers would come in. 


Monck, Muskoka: By chopping the grain and cutting the hay, and mixing and moistening with 
water, we can feed four horses upon the same quantity we formerly used to feed to two. 


St. Joseph, Algoma : Stock-rasing is nearly altogether taking the place of grain-growing, and if grain 
could be brought in at a reasonable cost many would buy it in preference to raising it themselves. 


28 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1396 


From THE Aucust RETURNS. 


Harwich, Kent: People are resorting to deep bored wells, and water can generally be found at from 
130 to 150 feet, although not in every case. With the water there is frequently gas ; not enough for practical 
use, but enough to blow open the valves of the pump, and thereby injure the pumping. 

Yarmouth, Elgin: Hay will be the poorest crop since 1859, the year of the June frost. The drouth 
has ruined the new seeding of clover, 

Windham, Norfolk: There has been much Hungarian grass (millet) and corn sown to take the place 
of hay, and they are looking well where the grasshoppers have left them alone, 

Camboro’, Haldimand : On account of hay being so short it was difficult to rake it clean. Some of the 
farmers rigged tables on the mowers and raked off the hay by hand. 


Moore, Lambton : Farmers have planted more than usual of corn, which looks well, and will furnish 
winter feed for stock. 


Plympton, Lambton: One cattleman beside me has 130 head of live stock in fine condition, but has 
been sviling them. I help my cows by cutting down small trees. They devour the leaves greedily. 


Wawanosh, E., Huron: [ never saw the rain go in streaks as it has done this year. It has often 
threatened rain here, and perhaps we would get a few drops, while a mile from us they would get quite a 
shower. 

Derby, Grey : Between the hornfly and poor pastures the outlook for the winter is not very good. 


Kuphrasia, Grey : Hay was so short and scarce that several farmers had to turn their stock into the 
meadows to keep them alive. Alsike is also short ; 1t is almost impossible to cut it with machinery. 


Vespra, Simcoe: It is curious to notice the vagaries of the weather the past summer. The thunder 
showers travelled in streaks a few miles in width. Up to the 2nd of June a strip of country here from five 
to seven miles wide had no rain to do any good since seeding ; while to the north and northeast of us, in 
Flos and Medonte, for a strip of about ten or twelve miles wide, they had pretty regular showers all 
summer, and they have splendid crops of all kinds. 


Dumfries N., Waterloo: Corn has been sown pretty extensively, and is a good crop, 
Louth, Lincoln : A lot of fodder corn and millet has been sown. 


Flamboro’ E., Wentworth: There is a, great deal of fodder corn sown and late turnips, so around here 
we will, I think, be able to winter our stock over. 


Glanford, Wentworth: Hay is the lightest crop ever known here, but the deficiency in a measure will 
be made good by the large area of corn planted for fodder. 


Glanford, Wentworth : Every preparation conceivable, such as sowing rape, rye, corn and millet, is 
being done for the fall and winter. 


From THE NovemMBrer BuLuerin. 


Aldborough, Elgin: The horse market is generally complained of as being very bad, but on the con- 
trary there were never so many buyers around as in this year, and there is not a saleable horse left. True 
the prices were not high, but the writer sold four four year olds by a first-class trotting bred stallion for 
$100 each, with very little expense. The sire stands at only $13, and is cheap at that. Many farmers still 
patronize inferior stallions, and that is why they cannot sell their offspring. There are lots of culls left to 
eat the hay that might go to fatten other stock, for unless the horses are right no one wants to buy. 


Plympton, Lambton: For the first time in my experience every farmer has had more grain than he 
“expected ” ; and grain has turned out so well that the price of threshing has been lowered from two cents 
per bushel all around to one and a half cents. 


Hullet, Huron: The farming industry is very depressed on account of low prices. The first want is 
more underdraining, proper care of the manure heap, and getting the manure into the soil (especially where 
the land is heavy) as soon as possible. I think, where it can be done, taking it right from the stables and 
putting it right on the land is a great saving both of manure and labor. 


Wawanosh E., Huron: I have been a resident of this township for thirty-four years, and I never saw 
feed so scarce with everybody. I do not believe there are a dozen strawstacks in the township; and as 
turnips are a very poor crop—in fact, with some they are a complete failure—I predict a great scarcity 
before spring. 

Wawanosh W., Huron: I would suggest that a law be passed to stop as much as possible the shooting 
of birds. Men should be prohibited from carrying a gun off their own premises unless they pay a license. 
I heartily endorse what some of your correspondents say about bringing out those young children from the 
slums of the old country, and sowing them broadcast over the land. Our legislators should put a stop to 
it. We can produce enough of them here without importing them. 


St. Vincent, Grey: Farmers are selling everything possible hoping to reduce their stock go that they 
can carry the balance through, and the result must be a great scarcity of productive stock next year. The 


market, there selling to make a profit on the original cost, and the extra expense incurred in the long rail- 
way carriage and for the dealer who shipped them to the ranches. All of which might have been saved 
had due care been exercised in inspecting the cattle shipped through Canada, as it had been agreed with 


: 29 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


Sarawak, Grey: Iam firmly convinced that the drouth of this year in western and middle Ontario 
will be a blessing in after years: Ist, in leading farmers to give up depending so much on hay for fodder. 
2nd, in leading farmers to raise corn for fodder and to use the silo. 3rd, encouraging farmers to go into 
dairying more and into stock raising, as wheat is unprofitable to raise. 4th, by showing them the need of 
keeping more milch cows, and growing more fodder for green and winter feed. 


Fullerton, Perth: The sparrows are becoming a great. nuisance in this country. They destroy much 
grain, are very dirty, and are driving away singing and other harmless birds. I would suggest, in order to 
exterminate them, that a united effort be made by property owners, and in order to secure that end special 
days be appointed by the Government, and that it be known through the public papers. 


Waterloo, Waterloo: The next season will be a hard pull for farmers. As there is a great shortage of 
straw it will be well for farmers to use absorbents about the stables to absorb the liquids, as there will be a 
great loss in the pile, and next year the manure will be hauled out in far Jess time than the farmers will 
like..~A good many in this section are sowing rye to turn down instead of manure next summer. This is 
what all farmers ought to do, even ina good season. Rye has had a hard name for many years, yet it is 
one of the best friends the farmer has if he only knows how to keep on the good side of it. It has come in 
good to the farmer more than once. No doubt the present depression among farmers will be a great: lesson 
to those who can survive, and when a change comes they will better know how to take care of what they 
have, One of the lessons taught will be the care of the manure pile. A badly cared for manure pile is a 
great waste on a farm; also the trading of ashes for poor soap, especially when there is plenty of ashes in 
the town which he himself might purchase at a very low price. 


Grantham, Lincoln: The people want to underdrain their land where needed, more than at present, 
to manure more, to farm less land. They undertake to farm too much land and trust too much to the 
season or to Providence, instead of to their own exertion. 


Brock, Ontario: As farming is the chief industry in Canada I would suggest in the first place that our 
professional men should not exact as large fees as formerly, and try and encourage farmers by leaving a 
little margin of profit in their hands. I would also suggest that our paid officers take less salaries, for it 
must be cheaper now than in years gone by. 1 would also suggest that farmers’ wives and daughters put 
less cloth in their sleeves, and that farmers’ sons drive fewer top buggies. And last, but not least, I would 
recommend that there be more underdraining done, more manure made and saved, and a better class of 
eee raised. Poor stock do not pay for their keep, therefore there is no margin of profit left in the farmers’ 

ands. 


Camden, Addington: It seems that every line of farming a man takes up, after a few years, goes to the 
wall. The grain market went: the horse market went; the lamb market went; the cattle market went ; 
and now the cheese market is gone; and the hog market is the next to go. The price of everything we 
raise is low, not much shrinkage in what we buy, and taxes and insurance increasing. 


Yonge, Leeds: Farmers are laying a lot of tile this fall, I think more than has ever before been put 
down, as they are coming to know the value of draining. 


Cumberland, Russell: Farms are improving each year. This year a good deal of stoning and stumping 
is being done and fields are being laid out in larger size with wire fencing and cedar posts. 


Clarence, Russell: Farmers who are so fortunate as to have good fertile farms, free from stones and 
kept clean of noxious weeds and insect pests and can perform the labor necessary without hiring help to 
any extent or within their own resources, are making a fairly good living, and doing some improvements 
or banking a little, but it requires ‘‘eternal vigilance,” unremitting diligence and allows of very little 
recreation. Those who have adopted the improved methods of dairying, taking good care of their stock 
and are growing large crops of fodder corn and roots for stock, in place of grain growing, are finding it 
generally more profitable than grain and hay raising. 


Williamsburg, Dundas: Farmers are now largely mixing the corn with straw, cutting both together 
and throwing the cut mixture into an ordinary mow in the barn where it keeps perfectly and does not fer- 
ment, the straw preventing fermentation. It isconsidered much better cattle feed than ensilage, and saves 
the price of a silo. The cornstalks intended for cutting up thas and mowing away are not drawn in as soon 
as cut in the field, but must be stood up in the field until pretty well dried before being subject to cutting 
up and storing in the manner described. 


Lancaster, Glengarry: The only suggestion is for the farmer to stick to it till times will change, and 
try to lessen the cost of production. We in the east of the Province are fast going into winter dairying, 
doing away with horses, going into cows, feeding corn ;. but the great drawback is lack of laborers. 


Elmsley, Lanark: Fruit trees and vines look well, We may thank the Bureau and College for it. I 
sprayed my trees and vines as instructed and am well paid. 


Watt and Monk, Muskoka: We need a spirit of love for farm life inculeated in our country schools. 
Our children as they grow up do not seem to take the least interest in the occupation that they are probably 
destined to follow. They seem to be living for the present hour only, and when they are thrown upon their 
own responsibility they find themselves in the lane when they should be in the field; they find themselves 
Poe Ms the knowledge necessary to ensure a reasonable amount of success in the calling they are striving 
to live by. 


30 | 5 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), A. 1896 


THE PEANUT. 


Can the peanut be successfully grown in Ontario? The question is one which ig 
worth considering, 


1895. The attention of the department was directed to a brief paragraph floating in the 
provincial press to the effect that Mr. Samuel Scissons, of South March, in the Oounty 
ot Carleton, had succeeded in raising peanuts on his farm. A request was made of Mr, 
Scissons for particulars, and his reply, made under date of November 9th, 1895, was as 


“T have had but one’s season’s experience. Last spring I received with other seeds 
from a Toronto seedsman a small packet containing ten peanuts, which he gaid he was 
informed would grow in this country. I planted the nuts on the 15th day ot May, on 
land which had been prepared for a root crop—a warm, loamy soil. In his instructions 
for growing the seedman gave what he called the secret of growing peanuts, which was to 
cover the vines with earth as soon as they began to bear blossoms. When the time came 
for blossoming I covered four of the vines, leaving the ends exposed ; the other four vines 
I did not cover, as I was afraid of smothering them out. About the first of October they 
got a little frost, but it did not hurt them much, On the 20th of October they were 
killed with frost, but they appeared to be perfectly well matured. I took them up on 
‘the 26th of October. From the four vines I had covered, I had one quart of excellent 
nuts. The other vines which were not covered had only a few nuts on them. My con- 
clusions are that we should plant as soon as the land is warm, on a warm, loamy or sandy 
soil, well exposed to the sun, and be sure to cover the vines well with earth as soon as 
‘they begin to blossom.” 


In a bulletin entitled, ‘‘ Peanuts: Culture and Uses,” recently published by the U.S, 
Department of Agriculture, a large amount of iaformation is given regarding the plant, 
from which the following is selected : | 


Description. The peanut (Arachis hypoge), known also in different localities as the 
earthnut, groundnut, ground pea, goober, and pindar, is a trailing, straggling annual, 
growing from one to two feet high, with thick, angular, pale-green hairy stems, and spread- 
ing branches, and has the peculiar habit of maturing its fruit underground. It is supposed 
to be a native of Brazil, but it is now largely grown in Europe and Africa. Strictly 
speaking it is not a nut at all, and should be more properly called the ground pea. Its 
blossom is at the end of a long pedicel-like calyx tube, the ovary being at the base, After 
the fall of the towers the peduncle or “ spike ” eloagates and bends do wnwards, pushing 
several inches into the ground, where the ovary at its extremity begins to enlarge, and 
develops into a pale, yellowish, wrinkled, slightly curved pod, often contracted in the 
middle, containing from one to three seeds, Should the “spike ” by accident not be 
enabled to thrust its point in the ground within a few hours after the fall of the flower, 
it wethers and dies.- When fully grown the pods are from one to two inches long, of a 
dusky yellowish color, with a netted surface. There are several varieties, but the Virginia 
running peanut appears to be the most popular sort. 


Climate suitable for Culture. While the peanut requires a climate where there isa 
season of five months free from frost, it ig not necessary that this should be a period of 
extreme heat, as the seeds form during the cool weather in the latter part of summer and 
early autumn. It is probable that on suitable soil the peanut will grow in any latitude 
where Indian corn wiil thrive, but whether it will be a profitable crop depends upon other 
considerations than its ability to withstand the climate. The most favorable weather for 
the peanut is an early spring, followed by a warm summer of even temperature, with 
moderate moisture and freedom from drouth, and an autumn or harvesting time with 
very little precipitation, as rain injures the newly gathered vines and nuts, 


31 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


Sow. While an open sandy soil which does not stain the shell is the ideal one for 
the peanut, it thrives on any frialable soil that contains a sufficient quantity of lime and 
humus. The presence of lime is necessary for the development of the nuts, as without 
lime there may be luxuriant vines bearing nothing but “pops,” or imperfectly developed 
pods, Ifthe soil does not already contain lime in sufficient quantities the deficiency must 
be supplied by the use of some form of commercial lime, such as burnt oyster shells, burnt 
limestone, or marl. The peanut plant draws a large part of its nitrogen from the air, 
but it draws a considerable amount of phosphoric acid and potash from the soil. If 
the entire plant is removed from the soil the crop becomes an exhausting one, and 
the fertility of the soil must be restored by the use of manures and the rotation of 
crops. 


Planting and Culture. Peanuts should be planted in well pulverized soil to a 
depth of four inches. The distance between the rows should be from 28 to 36 inches, 
varying with the fertility of the soil and of the variety. Carefully shelled and selected 
kernels should be used for seed. The seeds should be planted from twelve to twenty 
inches apart, two to the hill, and covered about an inch deep, either with a hoe or a small 
turn plow. All grass and weeds must be kept out of the field, and the soil kept loose 
and open, that the tender “spikes” may meet with no resistance in penetrating the 
ground. With proper culture there seems to be no need of following the old practice of 
covering the bloom of the plant. Cultivation should cease when the pods are laid, usually 
about the latter part of July. 


Harvesting. In harvesting the crop the practice is to pass down each side of the 
row with a plow, made especially for the purpose, without a moulboard, and with a 
“sword,” or long cutting flanges welded to the point. The plow is run deep enough to 
sever the taproot, without disturbing the pods. The vines are then lifted from the ground 
with pitchforks, and placed in rows; they are afterwards stacked around short poles. 
Two weeks later the pods should be dry enough to be picked off. After picking, the nuts 
are cleaned and placed in bags holding four bushels, and either stored away in dry, well- 
ventilated sheds or sold. 


Uses of the Crop. The larger portion of the American crop of peanuts is sold by 
street vendors, chocolate manufacturers, and for the manufacture of oil. Peanut oil is 
used for lubricating and soap making, and is a good substitute for olive oil for saleds and 
other culinary purposes, and as a substitute for lard and cottolene and butter in cooking. 
The residue from oil making, known as ‘ peanut cake,” is a highly valued cattle food in 
the countries of Europe, and is also ground into fine flour and used as human food. It 
makes good soup, griddle cakes, muffins, etc., and is one of the most nutritive of foods. 
It has not, however, been sufficiently tested to make it certain that it will be useful as a 
regular article of diet. The vines when dried become a very nutritive hay, readily eaten 
by stock ; but in feeding care must be taken lest it give them colic. Peanut hay is apt 
to contain considerable dirt, and in order to prevent it producing coughs in the animals. 
eating it, should be fed from low troughs or mangers, and never from overhead racks. 


ONTARIO SEEDSMEN ON THE PEANUT. 


Enquiry made by this Department of some of the leading seedsmen of the Province 
elicited the following replies : 


Wm. Rennie, Toronto: ‘‘In reply to your enquiries about peanuts we would say, that last spring we 
distributed small packets to about 18,000 customers. Many of them have sent us reports already, and it 
is likely we will receive a great many more reports during the winter and spring. Some have succeeded 
very well—in fact some of them intend growing a small quantity of them next season for sale. We are 
obliged, however, to say, that quite a number have failed to obtain satisfactory results, but we think prob- 
ably in mavy cases it is due to the fact that the cultural directions sent with the sample were not suffici- 
ently explicit. The plants require to be covered when growing. Some of our customers appear to have: 
covered them too deeply, while others did pot cover them sutticiently or did not cover them at all. We 
grew quite a quantity in our trial grounds at Swansea and had very satisfactory results. ‘se purpose dis- 
tributing a number of packets this season and also intend continuing the experiments we started last year. 
We believe that in some sections in Ontario where the season is comparatively early, and the soil of a light 
sandy or loamy nature, peanuts can be grown quite successfully, and may be made to pay as a crop.” 


32 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). AA. 1896 


J. A. Simmers, Toronto: ‘*‘ We have heard a report of an experiment when growing peanuts in a lim- 
ited way from a customer who was in our office recently, and who resides in the north-eastern section of 
Ontario. He stated that the experience he had with peanuts was that they did not give satisfaction. They 
grew splendidly for a time, and then suddenly seemed to discontinue growing, which may have been owing: 
to the past dry season. We questioned the customer referred to considerably in regard to the peanut crop, 
and as to whether it would be profitable to grow them, and the opinion expressed by him was to the effect 
that he did not favor the growing of them, but he would try again and let us know how they turned out,” 


The Steel-Briggs Co., Toronto : ‘‘ We are of opinion that our season is too short to admit of their pro- 
ducing a crop. We shall be glad if Mr. Zavitz (Experimentalist at the Ontario A gricultural College) could 
give them a trial, and which we may do this season if we can find time, Another season we will be in 
better shape to experiment on a larger scale,” 


J. S. Pearce & Co., London: ‘We first introduced the peanut here three years ago, and those who 
have been growing them have been fairly successful, especially during the past year. We sent out about 
1,400 packets of peanuts in 1895, and have yet to hear of a single complaint or a single person who had any 
failure in growing these. In and around London, and where the soil is light and warm and with a sunny 
exposure, there is no reason why they cannot be grown successfully, and we think profitably. We fre- 
quently hear of people who tell us that they had splendid success, and we may instance one person whose 
testimonial you will see in our catalogue for 1896, page 11, in which this gentleman speaks in the very 
highest terms of his success in growing peanuts,” 


Following is the paragraph referred to: 


Thomas Flinn, Ealing, Ont.: ‘‘I purchased some peanuts this year and had a very fine crop, and expect 
from my experience gained to do far better next year. The sample I raised was pronounced by a prominent 
confectioner to be much superior to the imported article, I shall grow them more extensively, as they are 
profitable.” 


THE BLUEBIRD. 


‘* And the birds sang ’round him, o’er him: 
‘ Do not shoot us, Hiawatha ! ’ 
Sang the Opechee, the Robin, 
Sang the Bluebird, the Owaissa.”— Longfellow. 


At the suggestion of the Biological Section of the Canadian Institute a circular 
containing the following questions was sent to our correspondents about the end of J uly: 


1, Were Bluebirds seen in your vicinity last spring (1895)? 
2. Have any remained to nest? 
3. Are they more or less numerous than in former years ? 


The object of the enquiry was to find out whether the absence of the Bluebird in 
the Province was as general as had been rumored. It was also hoped that something 
might be said by correspondents which might indicate why this ‘color-bearer of the 
spring brigade ”—his back reflecting the sky and his bosom the earth, and his rich and 
mellow ministrelsy gladdening the early spring time hours—was this year shunning so 
many of his favorite Ontario haunts. 


In this connection the following description of the bird may be of value: 


BLUEBIRD: Stala sialis. 


Length : About six and a half inches, 


Male: Sky blue above; breast, reddish brown ; belly, white ; wings, blue, with dark edging ; bill and 
feet, black. 


Female; Duller in color. Young, speckled on breast and back. 


Song: A sweet, plaintive warble, as if saying, ‘‘ Dear, dear, think of it, think of it.” Burroughs says 
it continually calls ‘‘ Purity, purity,” the accent in each case being the same, 


Season : Comes to Ontario in March and April, and remains until late in October. 
Breeds: All through its range. 


West : In natural or artificial holes in trees, stubs or posts, such as knot-holes or abandoned holes of the 


Aid ase orin bird boxes; usually a mere lining, composed of miscellaneous material loosely put 
together. 


Eggs: Four to six ; pale blue, shading sometimes to white ; unmarked. 


fange: Eastern United States to the eastern range of the Rocky Mountains, north to Manitoba, 


Ontario and Nova Scotia; south in winter from the Middle States to the Gulf States and Cuba, 
Bermudas, resident. 


3 BI, (1-3) 33 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36}, A. 1896 


The Monthly Weather Review, of the Dominion Meteorological Service, for April, 
1895, reported Bluebirds first observed in April as follows: Thedford, 3rd; Princeton, 
lst ; Georgetown, 5th ; Lucknow, 14th; DeCewsville, 1st; Banff, 21st; Lakefield, 7th. 


Describing the autumnal flight of birds southward, William Higgs says: “ Robins 
and bluebirds leave in flocks and frequently travel in company—some birds being social 
as well as gregarous while on migration, though not at other times—the approach of the 
time for their departure being announced, several days before the actual start, by the 
birds performing zrial evolutions together in bunches of two or three dozen, very often 
at a height of four or five hundred feet. As is the case with nearly all our songsters, 
the date of their disappearance is preluded by two or three weeks of more or less vocal 
activity, as if the birds before they left had tantalizingly determined to remind us of the 
copiousness of their spring performance.” : 


In his evidence before the Ontario Agricultural Commission, in 1881, Dr. William 
Brodie, of Toronto, said of the feeding habits of the Bluebird: ‘The Bluebird in early 
spring is a very general feeder. It feeds on grain pretty largely, on the seeds of the 
wild rose, ants, small beetles, and the larve of diptera.” 


Prof. Saunders, on the same occasion, said: ‘“ The Bluebird, I think, feeds altogether 
on insects, though it may take a few seeds when it cannot get enough insects.” 


John Burroughs devotes a chapter to the Bluebird in ‘‘ Wake Robin,” and pays the 
following charming tribute to this ever welcome cerulean visitor : 


‘¢ When Nature made the Bluebird she wished to propitiate both the sky and the 
earth, so she gave him the color of the one on his back and the hue of the other on his 
breast, and ordained that his appearance in spring should denote that the strife and war 
between these two elements was at an end. He is the peace harbinger; in him the 
celestial and terrestrial strike hands and are fast friends.” 

In his admirable work on “ Birds of Ontario,” Mr. T, McIlwraith has the following 
to say of the Bluebird : 


“In former years the Bluebirds were among our most abundant and most familiar 
birds, raising their young near our dwellings and returning year after year to occupy the 
boxes put up for their accommodation. Since the advent of the English Sparrow they 
have been gradually decreasing in numbers, and are now seldom seen near their old 
haunts, from which they have been driven by that pugnacious tramp, Passewr domes- 
ticus. They are still common throughout the country, where they are everywhere 
welcomed as harbingers of the spring, and in the tall they linger till late in October, as if 
loth to depart. his species was a special favorite with Wilson, on account of which it 
is often spoken of as Wilson’s Bluebird, to distinguish it from the Indigo bird, and one or 
two other species to which the name is sometimes applied.” 


Desiring further information regarding the feeding habits of the Bluebird and his 
relation to agriculture generaily, a special request was made of Mr. MclIlwraith for fuller 
notes concerning the bird, to which he kindly made the response quoted below. His 
comparison of the three leading varieties of birds of blue color is clear, clever and timely, 
as several of our correspondents appear to have confounded the gentle und friendly 
Bluebird with that noisy and rascally fellow the Blue Jay on the one hand, and the 
more retiring and woods-loving Indigo Bunting on the other. Mr, MclIlwraith writes: 


‘Tt is now well known that during the past winter a very great reduction has taken 


place in the number of Bluebirds in all parts of the country which they used to frequent. 
This has been the result of two sorts of starvation, both of which are much to be dreaded, 


viz., hunger and cold. 

‘Correspondents writing from the neighborhood of Washington, where these birds 
used to spend the winter, have told me of finding many dead specimens in the orchards 
during the cold spells, and all of these were observed to be much emaciated. 

‘‘ During the greater part of the season the food of the Bluebird consists of insects 
of different sorts, many of which are prejudicial to the crops, and it is in this connection 


34 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


that the absence of the birds will be chiefly felt by the farmer. One writer who has 
made the calculation estimates that from fifty to one hundred thousand insects will be 
killed by a pair of Bluebirds in the four months during which these constitute their 
principal food. Towards the close of the season fruits and seeds are also used, but the 
chief food of the Bluebird is insects. 


**The Blue Jay and the Bluebird resemble each other in the general color of their 
plumage, but in all other respects they are as widely different as they can well be. In 
disposition the Bluebird is gentle, tender, loving, affectionate, while the Jay is harsh, 
cruel, treacherous, cunning. In the matter of diet the Jay is ready to use anything that 
is eaten by any other bird. Of course he is an epicure where there is any choice, but 
in spring he is glad to feed on the buds of the lilac and other shrubs. As the season 
advances he does not hesitate to rob the nests of other birds of eggs or young, tearing 
the latter to pieces like a hawk. Moths and butterflies also receive his attention, but as 
the fruit season approaches he revels amidst the abundance he finds in the woods, Beech 
nuts, acorns, chestnuts, all are enjoyed and many stowed away for winter use. He also 
hangs around the farm house, seeking a chance to steal grain, which makes him generally 
unpopular and liable to be shot as often as opportunity offers. 


“There is still another little bird resembling the other two in color, but in other 
respects differing from both. This is the Indigo bird. The Bluebird is semi-domesti- 
cated and seems to delight in having his home near our dwellings, though of late he has 
been driven off by the house sparrow. The Indigo, on the contrary, keeps in the woods 
and is seldom seen elsewhere. The favorite perch of the male is on a bare twig near the 
top of a tree of medium height, from which he sends forth his spirited song to cheer 
his plainly dressed mate while attending to her domestic duties among the underbrush. 
For food the Indigo bird sometimes takes beetles or other insects, but his short, stout, 
conical bill shows that nature intended him for a seed-eater, and it is among the seeds 
of our native weeds he finds his daily fare. He first appears in our woods in the early 
part of May and leaves again in September.” 


The remarks of our regular correspondents, which follow, make interesting reading. 
The statements regarding the scarcity of Bluebirds are nearly unanimous, although it 
would seem from references here and there that the Blue Jays have turned up as lond 
and reckless as ever. The majority of those commenting on nesting say that the Blue- 
birds did not build this season, while a few report nests. Correspondents are not 
_ agreed as to the reason for the present condition of affairs. Onein the county of Perth 
points out that a few years ago very severe weather prevailed after the arrival of the 
Bluebirds, the thermometer touching close to zero. The birds disappeared, and have not 
since been so numerous. Another calls attention to the fact that since the stumps 
rotted out—and in such places the birds prefer to build—the Bluebird has not been so 
frequently seen. The general trend of opinion, however, is toward the sparrow as the 
main enemy of the Bluebird, as well as of other birds friendly to the farmer and charm- 
ing to mankind. Following is what correspondents have to say upon the question : 


Chatham, Kent: A few bluebirds appeared in the last of March. 
Raleigh, Kent : Some bluebirds came but did not build, disappearing soon after they were first seen. 
Bayham, Elgin: There are very few. I do not think I have seen one in two months, 


Windham, Norfolk: We had a few, but I do not think they remained to nest, as they were gone about 
two months and came back about the middle of July. 


Cayuga, N., Haldimand: No birds can stay where these infernal sparrows are around, 
Sherbrooke, Haldimand: None at all now. Last year they were plentiful as usual. 


Enniskillen, Lambton : There have been very few birds of any kind around this year. Wild fruit has 
‘een a complete failure. 


Moore, Lambton: Since stumps are rotted out in this locality I have not noticed many. Flora and 
fauna are changing from year to year since settlement. 


_ Sarnia, Lambton: Birds of all kinds seem scarcer than usual except sparrows. Even the crows are 
giving these parts a wide birth this year. 


Turnberry, Huron : I saw no bluebirds, and have not heard of anyone who did. 


35 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Tuckersmith, Huron: Bluebirds were rather more plentiful than usual, but I fancy the number which 
nested must have been small. 


Huron, Bruce: Bluebirds are less by seventy-five per cent. than in former years, 
Normanby, Grey: We saw a few bluebirds in early spring, but I know of none nesting this summer,. 


Sunnidale, Simcce : Some bluebirds were seen early in the spring, but we do not think they remained 
to nest as we see nothing of them now. 


Vespra, Simcoe: A few bluebirds were seen here this spring, but I did not notice any later on. 
Twenty years ago these birds were plentiful here, and always nested. They invariably nested in stumps. 
like the highholders, making the nest in a hole or hollow place. They are very rare now. 


Ekfrid, Middlesex : Bluebirds have been very scarce. I saw two pair this spring, but I have seen no 
proof of nest. 


Westminster, Middlesex: Birds of all kinds are extremely scarce. Except a few blackbirds, crows 
and sparrows, there is not one where formerly there were scores. 


_ Blenheim, Oxford: I can find after a good deal of enquiry only one neighbor who says she saw a few 
in spring. 


Fullarton, Perth: Bluebirds have not been so numerous in recent. years as they were years ago, 
especially in the early settlements. Some years ago spring opened early, and robins and bluebirds came 
early. There came a very severe frost, however, the thermometer dropping almost to zero, and the blue- 
bird disappeared, very few being seen during the summer, and have not been so numerous since. The 
absence of the little beauties has often been a cause of regret. 


Minto, Wellington: A few bluebirds appearéd in this vicinity in the spring, but I have seen no nests. 
Waterloo, Waterloo: A few came at the time the blackbirds came, but I have not seen any more up to 


‘elancthon, Dufferin : I saw just one pair in the spring, but have heard of none nesting. 
- xvsagara, Lincoln: There are very few bluebirds. The sparrows drove them away. 
Binbrook, Wentworth: A,few were seen in the spring, but they did not nest. 


Esquesing, Halton: They came as usual in the spring, but I think they left during the cold spell in 
May. The ‘‘ pe-wee ” is as scarce in this locality as the bluebird, and did not come last spring. 


Chinguacousy, Peel: The impression prevails with us that the sparrows have chased them away. 


Markham, York : I saw only one or two bluebirds this season. I havenot seen any nests, neither can 
I find anyone who has. 


Brock, Ontario: I saw only one pair of bluebirdsin the spring, but do not know of any nesting. 
Cavan, Durham: We have none here, but sparrows are numerous. 
Hope, Durham: We have lots of blue jays, but I do not know about bluebirds 


Haldimand, Northumberland : I remember seeing only one or two bluebirds this spring, and I do not: 
think they nested here. I have not noticed a wren, bobolink, Ohio brown thrush, cat bird or cuckoo, and 
but very few yellow birds. 


Athol, Prince Edward : I noticed no bluebirds in this vicinity this spring. They used to be pleniful. 
Kaladar, Lennox and Addington : I have not seen a bluebird this season. 


Pittsburg, Frontenac: Bluebirds seem to have disappeared from this seotion. They were formerly 
among the early arrivals in the spring and generally went away early in autumn, about the time the 
swallows disappeared. 


Crosby, N., Leeds: I have seen but one bluejay and no bluebirds. 
Yonge and Escott, Rear, Leeds: I have seen only one or two bluebirds, but have n oticed no nests. 
Williamsburg, Dundas: I saw a few blackbirds this season, but I do not think they nested here. 


Roxborough, Stormont: Bluebirds have not been so numerous this summer as they have been of late 
years. 


Hawkesbury, W., Prescott: If you mean the small bluebird with the white breast, I think they are 
very scarce. 


Clarence, Russell : There used to bea few, which came among the first birds inthe spring. I may say 
that I have seen neither bluebirds, redbirds or orioles this summer, 


Osgoode, Carleton : There were a few bluebirds this spring, but I don’t think they remained to nest. 
Pembroke, Renfrew : Bluebirds are very rare up here, but I have seen a few. 


Elmsley, Lanark : I saw only one pair of bluebirds this spring. ‘There should be a law prohibiting the 
wearing of birds’ wings or bodies on ladies’ apparel. 


Otonabee, Peterborough : Bluebirds never have been numerous here, and are scarcer than ever. 
Sidney, Hastings: There are none about here, where they have nested regularly for about ten years. 
Watt, Muskoka: Bluebirds were plentiful in the spring, but very few remained to nest. 


Cockburn Island, Algoma: This is the first season we have noticed the absence of bluebirds, Until 
this year we have remarked them nesting in the same stumps successive years. , 


36 


a 


Seine eseh bCS OB 


THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


THE WEATHER. 


TABLE I. Showing for each month the highest, lowest, mean highest, mean lowest and mean tempera- 
ture at the principal stations in Ontario in 1895 ; also the annual mean for each station. 


° i. = 2 1 ° Oo 
B08 [28 oe he Se ee ee ele 
Temperature. bo 5 a 8 g BB 3 c P z 8 | 4 
fo} pl co) 45 jo) rs Lo ae) 
nH | | A |E le (Sets ees | ob os 
° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 
(Highest? s. 503.5 cas 42.2 | 44.9 | 45.0 | 44.0 | 49.0 | 42.2 | 36.6 | 39.0 | 37.9-| 36.0 
( Loweabtecctttes eosteu 0.9 | -6.4 | -9.0 | -5.5 | -2.0 | -0.6 |-11.6 |-24.0 |-19.3 |-27.0 
January....~ Mean highest........ 27S 2b |) 26877) 2b. 1a Blea P2824 2473) 23758 | 21.1 | 19.0 
| Mean lowest ....... 14.7 | 11.3 | 11.6 9.4 | 16.4 | 14.0 6.3 6.6 | 2.3 | -4.4 
(Monthly mean ...... 20.18] 18.20] 20.87] 18.82] 24.41] 21.62] 15.41) 15.40 12.93) 5.14 
(Pip hiestyes ages ccs 40.0 | 44.7 | 45.0 | 42.0 | 49.0 | 44.3 | 46.2 | 42.0 | 38.0 | 45.0 
1 uOweste sins eas pants -80.3 |-24.3 |--24.0 |-22.0 |-18.0 |-21.2 |-25.0 |-32.0 |-23.0 |-30.0 
February...~ Mean highest........ 22.6 22.3.) 22.67) 20.9 1° 270°) 24:10) 2) be) 721.0") 2a 
| Mean lowest .....--. '5| 7.7| 6.11 6.4| 12.3] 8.7 | 3.9| 3.6! 3.61 0.9 
(Monthly mean . .... | 14.11) 15.00 17.44) 14.52) 19.86/ 16.85) 12. oe 12.59] 13.63] 8.84 
(Highest; vaso owo «aie 47.2 | 53.7 | 55.0 | 49.6 | 59.0 | 49.9 | 45.0 , 47.0 | 41.9 | 53.0 
| Thowesth ae nce seas -9.5 |-12.4 | -8.0 | -9.0 4.0 | -1.6 |-15.5 i -23.2 |-10.0 |-32.0 
March ..... Mean highest........ | 31.3 | 32.1 | 34.3 | 31.4 | 37.3 | 32.5 | 30.2 | 30. 0 | 29.9 | $1.0 
| Mean lowest ........ 9 Sep Pee 138.1 1 TV 242029 Fb Fa 10 | 4.4} 10.2 0.4 
(Monthly mean ...... 19.30) 23.40] 25.32) 22.24) 28,81} 24.51] 19.56! 17. eal 20.15} 13.60 
(ijrheshicceve: ames as 73.0 | 76.3 | 79.0 | 78.0 ! 75.0 | 69.1 | 73.6 | TWL.08 713: 7 Peo 
ITLOWERU beste ere ee «ce 13.6 | 20.5 | 19.5 |.19.0.| 26.0 | 23.7 | 14:0 ,.13.0 | 15.3 6.0: 
POT esi ctans + Mean highest......:. 51.3 | 54.4 | 65.9 | 54.5 | 52.7 | 61.2 | 53.9 | 51.0 | 51.2 | 54.4 
| Mean lowest ........ B22 OO sO EL OeOn) Woods 4a voO. 2a OORD | 3139+ |.-30°5 4 S25 Za oen 
(Monthly mean ...... 40.38] 44.85, 47.33] 47.31, 44.24) 43.35) 42.68) 41.39) 42.45, 38.75. 
( Highést:cisneg womens 85.9 | 92.1 | 94.0 | 90.8 | 97.0 | 93.4 | 94.7 | 87.0 | 93.5 | 97.0 
Loweste. vison sues 25.2 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 23.7 | 29.0 | 27.9 |.27.2 | 28.0 | 27.5 | 26.0 
Nay i en's o> + Mean highest........ 65.6 | 69.4 | 69.8 | 68.8 | 71.2 | 66.3 | 69.7 | 67.7 | 70.0 | 72.2 
| Mean lowest ........ 43.7 | 46.5 | 44.1 | 43.4 | 46.8 | 44.5 | 43.6 | 43.9 | 45.9 | 41.6 
(Monthly mean ...... 54.62} 58.00] 60.44 oe 58.65 55.36] 57.49] 56.24) 57.59) 53.76 
(ini gheat acts. e cee 86.9 | 91.0 | 93.0 | 91.0 ; 94.0 | 93.1 | 93.3 | 89.0 | 91.8 | 93.0 
PO WEsbar te oe kee wanes 34.2 | 35.4 | 37.0 | 39.0 | 45.0 | 45.8 | 43.3 | 38.0 | 49.5 | 40.0 
JUNC we es + Mean highest.... 75.1) 79.6 | 82.0 | 78.8 | 82.4 ' 78.9 | 83.0 | 79.8 | 80.8 | 81.5 
| Mean lowest ........ 52.3 | 56.0 | 54.5 | 50.4 | 58.2 | 56.7 | 53.4 | 54.1 | 57.8 | 52.6 
(Monthly mean ...... 63.42] 67.80] 72.67; 68.09, 70.54, 67.90) 68.22 67.12) 69.53 64.39 
(Vighest aoc. cca gach 87.7 | 92.9 | 93.0 | 91.5 | 94.0 | 90.0 | 97.7 | 92.0 | 91.2 | 93.0 
| Lowest. . eee. | 40.6 | 39.0 ; 40.5 | 87.5 | 46.0 | 49.1 | 39.6 | 42.0 | 46.0 | 40.0 
Oily ee voees + Mean highest... Peer wey 98.2) 77.6.) 79.2 178.1) 81.2 1976.3 1 79.6] 176.9 | 76 sae one 
| Mean lowest ........ 50.6 | 58.8 | 58.8 | 49.7 | 57.1 | 56.3 | 52.2 | 53.0 | 54.7 | 51.1 
(Monthly mean ...... 61.7 | 65.69] 69.00, 65.91) 69.27) 66.23] 65.11) 64.87) 65.89) 61.74 
fae deen este 4 Wks 85.9 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 90.4 | 90.0 | 84.0 | 89.0 ; 89.0 ; 86.8 | 88.0 
HOW estos ocscee se eee 43.1 | 43.2 | 38.0 | 34.0 | 41.0 , 43.2 | 37.0 | 87.0 | 39.0 | 38.0 
August ....~{ Mean highest. 73.1.| 76:2.|..79.8°, 78.8 1781.3 | 76.6.1 77:0 1-70.85) (Guba ieee 
| Mean lowest ........ 55.5 | 55.4 , 55.0 | 50.3 , 58.9 | 56.2 | 54.3 | 53.6 | 54.2 | 52.4 
(Monthly mean ...... 62.11! 65.80] 69.25' 66.47] 70.11] 65.09, 65.09; 64.09) 65.16, 60.19 
(Highest. veer. scents 87.6 | 91.7 | 91.5 | 90.0 | 96.0 | 93.1 | 91.4 | 88.0 | 90.3 | 92.0 
IEIOWERU sae cose -o-. | 34.1 | 34.0 | 30.0 | 27.0 | 35.0 | 36.3 | 31.3 1 29.0 | 34.0 | 28°70 
September .~ Mean highest........ 71.2 1 71.6 473.8 1°72.4 | 75.9.) 70.84 7129 (7078. | 70. Sere 
| Mean lowest ........ 52.2 | 564.4 | 51.5 | 46.5 | 54.38 |.50.5 | 48.8 | 48.5 | 49.2 | 45.4 
(Monthly mean ...... 59.97| 63.01] 64.02] 61.48] 64.61; 60.63] 58.44] 59.28) 58.90) 54.17 
( Hiphestia.: site aoe 63.0 | 66.1 ; 67.0 | 63.8 | 69.0 | 65.8 | 64.0 | 64.0 | 65.8 | 69.0 
Pio westnee sk hoe ae eee 24.1%) 23.5 1018.09) 2320. 1225.00; 23:26 7.90) 1450. 716 beeen 
October .. a] Mean highest........ 51.1 | 51.0 | 52.8 | 50.8 | 55.7 | 51.1 | 48.8 ; 49.6 | 50.6 | 48.1 
Mean lowest ........ 35.0 | 35.4 | 32.5 ' 30.0 , 35.1 | 35.1 | 30.3 | 31.8 | 30.4 | 28.8 
Monthly mean...... 41.63} 43.17] 43.91| 41.80) 45.20) 43.26] 39.09] 40.53) 39.92) 35.41 
aliphest oie skeet 66.8 | 69.9 | 66.0 | 64.8 | 69.0 | 59.2 | 59.9 | 63.0 | 60.0 | 66.0 
LAL sOW ORD yest oreo a's ane 11.3 | 16.2 | 10.0 } 11.0 | 15.0 | 13.3 3.4 2.2 aay) vet 
November. . ; Mean highest........ 42.7 | 42.6 | 43.8 | 43.4 | 45.9 | 48.2 | 41.9 | 39.4 | 41.3 | 37.9 
| Mean lowest ........ 29.6 | 30.6 | 27.9 | 27.6 | 30.8 | 30.6 | 26.9 | 27.2 | 24.6 | 21.7 
(Monthly mean...... | 34.29) $6.60 ete Sb 00) 36.02 36.69| 34.40} 33.35] 32.93] 26.88 
(Highest s., oa enact 59.7 | 57.38 | 57.0 , 55.0 ; 62.0 , 53.9 | 55.7 | 54.0 52.8 | 49.0 
| Lowesties's.. 5. Mee eA -12.1 |-10.2} 2.0} -5.5 | 0.0] 1.4 | -7.5 |-16.2 |-17.5 |-27.0 
December ..~ Mean highest........ 86.0 | 34.0 | 35.4 | 32.5 | 37.9 | 36.0 | 33.1 | 32.2 | 28.5 ; 22.2°% 
Mean lowest ........ 21.9.1 21.7 O1i5 1315 65) 2458" 2322) 16.9 ols ee es | 11.6 =e 
(Monthly mean...... 28.66) 27.85) 28.45, 24. a an me 25.02} 25.66, 19.87; 18.08 — 
Annual mean.... | 41.70; 44.11! 46.21] 43.56] 47.04] 44.28] 41.92; 41.51} 41.56 


38 


36.75 


Sa 2 


— —. s 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), A, 1896 


THE WEATHER, 


TaxBuE II. Showing for each month the annual average of the highest, lowest, mean highest, mean 
lowest and mean temperature at the principal stations in Ontario derived from the fourteen years, 
1882-95 ; also the average annual mean at each station for the same period, 


=| 
Oo 
Temperature, Be 
n 
° 
Ebest) oe Miwon 45.2 
PLyOWESt ee ct A. Se a -7.6 
January....4 Mean highest........ 27.2 
| Mean lowest ........ dE 
(Monthly mean ...... 19.78; 
(elighest. 7i28at oe oe 45.1 
Lowest: 2s. a hie. -10.5 
February ..{ Mean highest........ 27.9 
| Mean lowest ........ 11.2 
(Monthly mean.... . | 19.07 
Gbighest: its os sey) 52.0 
oweate "a7 sane -4.7 
March. Ja: 4+ Mean highest.... ... 33.4 
| Mean lowest ........ 16.4 
(Monthly mean...... 24.14 
@Hiphestirin, oceeay car 73.6 
beLiowest ies ecocatate 13.6 
Ape scan 4+ Mean highest........ 48.9 
| Mean lowest ........ 30.4 
(Monthly mean...... 38.81 
fitighest? 5 tects ce: 79.4 
(PpLowest.. ste wet ote 28.0 
Aig yet, * + Méan highest........ 60.3 
| Mean lowest ........ 40.4 
(Monthly mean...... 49.68 
fekaigiiesth (nae ee 85.5 
(MO WESE soa ale fol e 37.5 
JUNE 2.0%. | Mean highest........ rors’ 
Mean lowest ...... . | 50.8 
(Monthly mean ...... 60.73 
eLLiphestocn. ote von + oe | 86.9 
feowest alm oun, Ho aes 41.4 
July .......4 Mean highest....... 78.5 
| Mean lowest ........ 54.2 
(Monthly mean ..... 63.89 
( Highest ....... coves | 86.3 
WOwest: oe once. sare: 40.6 
August ....{ Mean highest........ 73.4 
Mean lowest ........ 53.8 
(Monthly mean...... 62.67 
( Highesth 2.225. 3. 6a’. 85.1 
| Lowest's cis. oes ve: 32.9 
September .~ Mean highest........ 68.2 
Mean lowest ........ 48.5 
Monthly mean...... 57.00 
Paighest 50s kc seee 73.0 
otvestinn scien en hay 23.7 
Octobar ....~{ Mean highest........ 55.1 
| Mean lowest ........ 38.4 
(Monthly mean...... 45.50 
(Highest) of. cedc cigs x] OLe8 
Dowest:i whos. ee dea 
November..{ Mean highest........ 42.7 
Mean lowest ........ 29.4 
Monthly mean...... 35.18 
Garighest rt oat Pode’ [0027 
| Lowest....... Mesats -1.4 
December .. 4 Mean highest........ 32.6 
| Mean lowest ........ 20.7 
(Monthly mean ...... 27.03 
Annual mean.... | 41.96 


. ° ° {cd} 
d | s | wade ote ae eattea ete of a2 len cee nets 
aie wsec | 3.8) (oS say eld (ne S| aire 
H § | O@ | SS my AS See lait 8 
aa ey) as Asta aes a Re 5 a} 
° ° ro) } Ot Mice | ° ° eS) 
46.2 | 46.6 | 46.7 | 51.7 | 44.5 | 41.7 | 42.4 | 39.8 | 37.6 
“10.5 | -9.9 |-13.2 | -4.1 | ~7.9 |-21.9 |-27.1 |-22.4 |-33.3 
| 25.9 | 27.7 | 27.3 | 32.8 | 27.9 | 23.4 | 23.2 | 18.8 | 17.7 
PAO sOr 12.701 9.7] 19.0.1 12.910 6.5 hes. d | 014 | 7/1 
19.42) 21.33] 19.99 21.84] 21.01] 14.78] 14.11] 10.24] 5.5% 
47.2 | 46.2} 46.0 | 47.9 | 43.8 | 42.4 | 43.1 | 39.8 | 42.2 
-13.4 |-10.8 |-11.7 | -5.8 | -8.6 |-17.6 |-24.0 |-22.6°1-34.5 
27.4 | 29.1 | 29.0 | 33.0 | 29.0 | 25.9 | 25.5 | 21.4 | 21.6 
12.8 | 12.4 | 10.2 | 18.5 | 183.1] 5.6/ 3.9| 1.8] 2.2 
20.08} 21.63} 21.15) 23.44) 21.64, 16.05] 15.39, 12.30, 8.00 
55.8 | 55.2 | 54.8 | 57.0 | 51.5 | 48.8 | 48.7 | 44,9 | 49.2 
$6215) <8.8 1-65.10 |4.4,| 9.3 |. 29.6/1-14.9'1-10.4 1-046 
34.4 | 35.5 | 35.1 | 39.3 | 34.5 | 32.4 | 32.6 | 30.8 | 31.7 
18.8 | 18.5 | 16.8 | 24.9 | 20.1 | 14.3 | 11.3 | 19.6 | 5-1 
26.18, 27.85! 26.78! 30.09; 27.43] 23.09) 22.38' 22.06! 18.59 
77.2 | 76.0 | 75.8 , 77.2 | 69.9 | 74.01 69.4 | 72.2 | 73.2 
16.0 | 18.3 | 16.3 | 23.7 | 20.91 12.5} 9.9| 19.5 | 4.2 
62.4 | 51.7 ; 52.7 | 68.8 | 49.8 | 50.9 | 48.7 | 49.5 | 49.5 
32.7 | 31.4 | 30.8 | 36.3 | 32.8 | 29.4 | 28.0 | 29.8 | 95.0 
42.51; 44.01) 42.41] 43.43! 41.91 39.65; 38.35) 40.23 36.5% 
83.0 | 81.4 | 81.0 | 88.3 | 76.9 | 82.4 ' 81.6 | 82.9 | 85.5 
28.0 | 30.0 | 28.5 | 34.8 | 31.9 | 27.9 | 27.3 | 30.2 | 24.4 
65.1 | 65.2 | 64.0 | 64.9 | 61.4 | 64.7 | 63.1 | 65.6 | 64.9 
42.7 | 43.4 | 41.3 | 45.0 | 43.0 | 40.9 | 41.4 | 43.4 | 37.8 
53.91] 55.571 53.56} 54.01! 52.15) 52.62] 51.97: 54.97) 51.00 
88.8 | 88.1 | 88.3 | 91.7 | 86.3 | 89.7 | 88.3 | 89.1 | 90.4 
36.5 | 39.3 | 38.2 | 44.4 | 43.1 | 38.5 | 37.1 | 41.6 | 34.4 
76.9 | 76.4 | 76.6 | 79.7 | 73.7 | 76.8 | 75.4 | 76.5 | 76.1 
53.3 | 54.1 | 52.2 | 58.5 | 58.9 | 51.5 | 51.8 | 54.2 | 47.8 
65.10, 66.46 65.32 66.61, 63.70, 64.06, 63.57, 66.00 61.80 
91.8 | 90.4 | 90.4 | 94.8 | 89.0 | 91.4 | 89.0 | 90.4 | 90.7 
40.7 | 43.9 | 43.0 | 49.4 | 47.4 | 41.9 | 42.9 | 46.7 | 40.2 
80.0 | 79.0 | 79.5 | 82.4 | 77.3 | 79.5 | 77.8 | 78.5 | 77.6 
55.2 | 56.1 | 54.2 | 59.8 | 57.3 | 58.6 | 54.8 | 66.8 | 52.2 
67.00 68.42] 67.86] 70.50 67.34| 66.27! 66.22 68.01| 63.93: 
91.0 | 89.4 | 90.0 | 92.8 | 87.0 | 90.1 | 88.4 | 89.0 | 89.0 
39.6 | 39.8 | 40.8 | 47.1 | 46.1 | 38.4 | 39.6 | 42.5 | 37.8 
77.0 | 76.7 | 77.6 | 80.2 | 75.1 | 76.9 | 75.5 | 75.6 | 74.7 
53.8 | 53.7 | 52.2 | 68.6 | 56.3 | 52.1 | 53.0 | 64.2 | 60.3 
65.17) 66.59 65.21] 68.64] 65.46) 63.78' 63.60! 65.18] 60.53 
87.2 | 85.3 | 86.6 | 89.3 | 82.6 | 86.0 | 88.3 | 88.4 | 84.1 
32.4 | 32.2 | 31.1 | 37.1 | 37.3 | 80.5.| 31.6 | 31.9 | 29.4 
70.9 | 70.5 | 70.6 | 74.0 | 68.3 | 69.6 | 68.9 | 68.1 | 67.7 
49.1 | 49.3 | 46.4 | 58.4 | 49.9 | 45.5 | 46.5 | 46.8 | 43.0 
60.21! 60.40, 59.08, 61.73! 59.09] 56.71] 56.98! 57.43] 52.83 
75.4 | 73.6 | 73.9 | 74.1 | 70.2 | 72.9 | 71.5 | 69.2 | 72.0 
23.2 | 28.5 | 22.8 | 96.8 | 26.0 | 19.5 | 21.1 | 92.4 | 17.8 
56.0 | 55.9 | 55.7 | 59.8 | 54.4 | 54.2 | 54.8 | 52.4 | 520 
38.9 | 37.5 | 35.8 | 41.2 | 39.0 | 34.9 | 36.3 | 35.1 | 39.5 
47.48 47.20} 46.23] 48.68) 46.93) 43.63] 44.64) 44.10 40.69 
63.7 ; 62.3 | 62.2 | 65.3 | 58.6 | 59.9 | 59.9 | 57.9 | 56.3 
123 | 11.5 | 8.9] 16.2/13.3) 3.3] 5.2! 4:31 1/3 
42.4 | 43.4 | 42.4 | 46.0 | 42.6 | 40.1 | 40.6 | 38.3 | 36.7 
30.0 | 29.0 | 27.0 | 32.0 | 30.1 | 25.3 | 25.2 | 24.7 | 21.5 
36.19] 36.60] 35.47] 38.82] 36.51) 32.39] 32.12] 31.90 28.59 
50.1 | 51.3 | 49.1 , 54.4 | 47.4 | 45.29 | 45.8 | 42.6 | 49.4 
-2.6 | -3.2 | -4.7 | 2.4 | -2.0 |-14.2 |-18.8 |-17.0 |-24.7 
32.5 | 33.9 | 32.7 | 37.2 | 38.8 | 29.3 | 29.8 | 25.1 | 24/7 
20.9 | 20.3 | 17.8 | 24.2 | 20.9 | 13:5 | 13.8] 8.8| 5.1 
26.90; 27.281 26.31] 30.49 63 


3 : : : 5 
27.77| 21.95; 22.49) 17.60, 14 
44.23] 45.37] 44.11] 46.571 44.19} 41.26] 40.98] 40.84! 36.8 
39 


§9 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A, 1896 


TABLE III. 


THE WEATHER. 


Monthly summary of bright sunshine at the principal stations in Ontario in 1895, showing 


the number of hours the sun was above the horizon, the hours of registered sunshine, the total for the 
year, and the average derived from the fourteen years 1882-95, 


> 

> ha 

: me cS 

Station. S E 

I > 

> os 

hrs. | hrs 

ours of sun 

| above horizon. } 285.7 | 29154 
Woop- (1895 ..; 65.0] 107.4 
STOCK. | 1882-95} 60.6| 83.9 
Toron- (1895 ..} 83.6) 119.0 
TO. ‘'1882-95} 78.5] 100.5 
1895 ..j 63.3) 96.0 
BaRRIE} 1899.95] 54.1| 73.3 
LIND- 1895 27 ees3.ob Lis 2 
SAY.. | 1882-95) 74.2) 100.2 
KING 1895 70.0) 115.1 
STON. | 1882-95 70:7 103.2 
saps of | 1895 | 73.0 110.2 
ie ee 1894 ..| 74.5] 124.2 
Spies 1882-95; 67.6) 92.2 


TABLE IV. Monthly summary of inches of rain and snow precipitation in the several 


Ontario in 1895. 


i 4 
: 33 F 5S 3 
a {ob 

: = Sb 2 = a 3 G 5 

E 5, 3 5 = 5 apie s 3 

= < = 5 a < D o) Z, 

ti hrs. ' hrs hrs hrs hrs. | hrs hrs hrs 
369.9; 406.4) 461.1] 465.7) 470.9) 434.5| 376.3) 340.2) 286.9 
145.5} 193.2) 267.6} 296.9) 241.7; 236.7) 191.2} 156.3) 84.6 
131.9} 184.0; 202.3] 241.4] 274.2} 232.4] 184.4) 127.5) 69.3 
199.1 200.1| 261.4! 285.5! 242.3} 236.5) 208.9) 162.9] 93.8 
| 195.9 197 .6| 216.8 259 .2| 283.3) 248.2) 216.4] 143.5] 78.6 
175.9} 190.7] 250.4] 281.2) 221.5) 214.8] 182.6) 133.4] 63.2 
| 185.2} 176.9) 198.2) 227.1] 259.1] 215.5) 165.0] 107.6] 48.3 
179.3) 199.5) 246.0} 280.6} 205.1] 199.6} 193.4| 124.7) 66.5 
161.5, 204.9) 214.1] 255.3] 275.0) 246.0, 202.8] 1384.4) 69.8 
198.4] 192.1] 235.2] 287.4} 251.5 2595 194.6! 167.81 88.3 
161.6] 195.1) 216.4) 246.2) 269.7| 244.5] 197.1] 183.8] 77.6 
179.6 195.1] 252.1} 286.3, 232.4] 228.0) 194.2, 149.0} 79.3 
127.5] 212.9, 181.7] 244.6] 276.2) 207.3) 156.4) 129.4, 64.7 
149.2 ea 209.6} 245.8) 272.3 sonia Mie 129.4) 68.7 


Also the average derived from the fourteen years 1882-95. 


Total for the 
year. 


| December. 


brs. 


274 .3'4463 .3 


53 .9|2040.0 
56.1/1848.0 
| 57 .6/2150.7 


hrs. 


59.6 2038.1 
35.9|1908.9 
39 3|1699.6 
50.711941.7 
56.8 /1995.0 
87.5/2140.4 


57 .1}2036.3 
65 .5/1864.9 
| 56.4/1913.3 


districts of 


: | me | fd & 
oO 
Pallas es je|e)a|2 4. 
] } 3S es Oe | 2 ae 
Districts. 5 & 2 at : 3 ES & $ 3 : . 3 $ 
oO 
Ce hee ee Fn) Be tpi ep ee | Bilton ue, ols = 
WM Southinesé in, Utse) ites | in. in. ! in. | Tae bc owas Os bs | in, in, in. in. 
Rain es ae, 0.90! 0.13] 0.45|1.63 2.35;1.19 2.0412.49 2.98) 2280). 163) e227 0225 
pce Mi ete 1882-95... 1.18 1.56) 1.17/1.79/3.46 3.16 2.40/2.57 2.56 2.81) 2.39) 1.69] 26.74 
eS hyid 1805 io c6) 26.6.0 10.00) te9l7 1020 wttlan a eee is. Bee | 1.8)|- 3.85) 111s 265 0 
uaa anaes 1882.95.. Tia 11.71|— 9.51)2.95.0.06 Pa ea ‘ 0.30} 7.04] 13.16) 61.64 
Northwest and North. | | | 
Ran S90" wa. 0.31| 0.09) 0.21)1.30,2.24)1 86)1.56 3.32 2.36; 3.46; 1.77) 1.57; 20.06 
Hoe Niet: 1882-95... 0.92) 0.62} 0.76 1.41|2.60 2.76,2.51|/2.75 2.99} 2.88] 2.04) 1.18; 23.42 
San 1895") 4029 1 TS 95 Eo eel eee 10.8 | 15.2 |-21.5 |120.7 
peters Nek aa 1882-95.. | 28 43) 21.31] 18.83/3.95)0.47|....).... ls 1.83} 14.24) 21.13,105.19 
Centre 
apie 1895 .... | 1.34) 0.09) 0.77/1.77|2.18 1.09:2.28/2.61 2.89] 2.41) 3.74; 1.75] 22.92 
saat fale wo. 1882-95.. | 1.22) 1.18) 1.11]1.61/3.01\3.00/2.34,2.54/2.59) 2.40) 2.38; 1.51] 24.89 
Hae 1895 2. 2.)|' 2812 8.0 8.5 10.3 ox abate eae wil oo er wae 3.9 | 10.8 | 63.8 
Pact as 1882-95)... 1/18.92)°13 69/279 16|S22HOLO8 ee Sie tel Scecdin esc] 2 O00) Oc 7 4/0 Lila iO nos 
East and Northeast. | 
Rai 1895 ....} 0.52) 0.03) 0.21/1.27/2.66)1.35|2.21 2.3412.43 3.07! 2.73) 92.87)° 22.49 
Dare eet eee 1882-95... 0.94! 0.69) 0.89]1.37/2.76/2.81/2.84/2.85 2.54] 2.22} 2.01) 1.18; 23.10 
geen! 1895.41 29/8 '11..3 ol 18-5 ae a ere lee ea eee: \-*: S167. 80) 705 tapes 
baie St eS a 1882-95.. | 22.34) 17.94) 18.07|/4.14/0.20]....}.... awa |e iaiee 0.61| 8.76} 14.34) 81.40 
The Province. | 
Rai 95.... | 0.78) 0.08] 0.41)1.49/2.36'1.37,2.02 2.8112.67 2.98) 2.47| 2.22) 21.61 
Dara ae ich 1882-95..| 1.06) 1.01} 0.98]1.55 2.96|2.93|2.52 2.68|2.67 2.58] 2.21; 1.39] 24.54 
aa 1895 ect) 651 84) 12007) 21058 2 Orie a ee ee meiner eee 5.1 1. %2) 19.2 tee Loe 
Si STaieieat oN 1882-95... | 21.65) 16.14 Pace cel tiae tase bat eee 0.81} 8.95] 14.95) 77.65 


* Not measurable. 


40 


70.111986.0- 
| 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


THE WEATHER. 


TABLE V. Summary of the total fall of rain and snow, and of the number of days on which rain or 
snow fell in Ontario during the years 1894 and 1895 at stations reporting for the whole year and the 
average for the province. 


Rain, Snow. 
1894, 1895, 1894 | 1895. 
Station. Observer. 
a “ S - ® a o 3 
3 sy 3 Pe 3 > 3 me 
Re A oI fa yobs a a 5 a 
ESSEX : | 
Cottam -.. .<....1/8S..G. Brooker... 23.42 81 22,0) 88 32.5 25 42.6 26 
atl: Felandwt. cx: Fe QUIC Ries vores 24.97 48 18.99 45 24.0 6 85.5 17 
ENT 
piasleniserm) se,24-nes W. R. Fellows.....| 27.75 57 | 80.99 69 | 32.0 25 | 69.0 | 30 
Dealtown ....... sibs Oe ome ALGO aera ccs 25.50 81 | 24.22 (3 (2214.3 LZ | 42526 21 
Ege Sorat tees ReOp Butte a... 22.42 84 | 19.59 Cie obs L | 22°": GL bak hae 2S 
LGIN : 
OWED cee nee cate Se VLAECOH F., cosh 26.77 47 24.62 68 Ge | 24 48,0 | 22 
Port Stanley ..... NE Payne..c pi.24 65 20.75. |. 147.) 23:11.) 123.) 47.9 67 | 74.2 76 
NORFOLK : | | | 
Port Dover ...... J. L. Morgan...... 26.85 127°. 20:88 99 | 62.3 45 | 83.8 64 
HALDIMAND: 
DeCewsville...... Fe Mcrae cok me 26.07 | 104 | 23.14 92 | 46.5 50 | 583.1 61 
WELLAND : 
Welland ta tosc.: J. A. Gilchreese...| 28.64 96 | 25.86 92 | 90.0 29 173.6 34 
PPhorold = .ss oss Z. W. Durkee..... 26.46 101 22.34 81 44.8 22 52.2 | 28 
LAMBTON 
MAarnig, (os ute wees Wm. Mowbray....| 22.82 | 53 | 20.06 BEd 200 14; 53.6 | 22 
Mhedforde*.. i. Martin Wattson ..| 23.12 81 26.65 (ar 61.0 27 66.0 27 
Birnatt. feds cc os Dea Le llormceecre 25.41 99 24.61 83 45.4 25 87.4 41 
Wyoming ........ J. Osborne... .... 26.01 72 21.67 63 39.0 19 50.0 23 
Huron: 
Goderich, Loe. kh. Oampbell<,.. 7.92 49 7.64 4) 62.5 28 | 100.3 | 36 
pSumshine’ erste. Sie te Gi Hoodr. seca. 26.12 85 21 DT 69 63.4 | 60 | 101.7 Hl 
RUCE: 
Lucknow .......| M. Macdonald..... 27.92 111 21.87 79 76.2 58 | 127.9 | 88 
North Bruce. ..... J.B. Muir ........ 21.59 | 103 | 17-08 | | G25 | 44 | 118:7 | 71 
Point Clark ...... BISA Ve coco ete 22033 53 19.70 38 57.0 26 | 117.0 28 
Benson Se Degas -| Mrs, 3 R. Stewart.; 18.79 140 | 14.84 OF is 98.7 | 80 | 181.1 99 
REY : 
TIOMUORe. aeick Son» Oe" Baxter ac. sy ae 22.97 102 | 16.27 77 | 95.6 Gove ah 71 
Owen Sound...... D, Mackenzie ..... 23.85 131 19.44 89 94.3 62 | 160.8 | 74 
Pra ye, 500-5 « J. Gunn, M.D..... 21.35 107 16.26 83 | 138.0 60 | 188.5 70 
Presque Isle... .. J. McKenzie ...... 23.96 | 198 | 23.33 76 | 126.2 56 | 181.5 | 64 
SIMCOE: 
SPTIO cere. ctie se ..| W. H. Buttery....| 21.80 | 104 | 23.50 85 | 106.0 78 | 141.5 81 
Coldwater .......| J. B. Lazonby..... 23.90 96 | 19.26 79 | 115.4 65 | 150.6 | 61 
Orillint Se: Prensa ie A@ Ritton sao. 25.21 | 120 | 18.28 90 | 85.0 | 66 | 114.5 78 
MIDDLESEX : | 
Coldstream....... Daniel Zavitz...... 23.63 | 105 | 24,14 92 | 50.2 SS: lose 34 
London .......... Re ELD OWAT nererani ene 30.14 140 28.89 114 43.4 62 59.1 57 
Wilton Grove ....| H. Anderson...... 22.16 53 21.87 55 24.0 18 41.0 21 
OxrFore, : | 
Princeton’...% sss D> Beamer: -2..s..- 23.99 82 18.83 70 42.8 18 63.0 | 39 
pen eousticke es | J. I, Bates, M.A 25.85 | 103 | 23.48 90 | 30.0 48 | 62.3 59 
RANT : 
Paria ocicck beat John Kayics.. Je. as 27.00 87 | 22.41 80 | 41.0 17, ta bes 26 
“eh: George ....... Dr. Kitchen....... | 25.62 87 | 20.39 70.8952 26 | 64.4 22 
ERTH : 
St. Marys fc OE dee THOMBON! wae. fa | 21.95 97 | 23.83 98 | 53.0 26 TIO | 44 
Stratford ........ Wins Dick tras vate 23.20 | 1201 24.28 96 | 50.1 55 | 89.9 60 
WELLINGTON : 
Mount Forest ....| W. E. Brooks ..... 24.12; 115 | 19.84 83 | 89.8 o7 | 122.2 74 
DUFFERIN: 
Orangeville....... Ne Gordoné.cores 22.78 | 511 25.89 60 | 49.1 20 | 118.3 34 


59 Victoria, | Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


TABLE V, THE WEATHER.—Coneluded. 


| | 1895. 1894, 
Station. | Observer. 
3 | ea] | 3 mn & real 
PD > Pb 
(2) 3B o a o a 
4 A | 5 A 4 A 
y | | 
ENTWORTH : 
weeny Creek......| C. F. Van Wagner.| 28.45 82, 29.50 84 | 42.9 23 
ALTON : 
Georgetown ...... Js Barber, jr sncces ioe. Gael el abo . 22 B4c.oa 20h aS 7 52 
ORK: 
Aurora Bigs. 528 Rev. k. W. Amos .| 28.03 82 | 18.99 79 | 48.7 26 
Scarborough...... Ke Nrartin: speak 23.39 1-113)" 24.31 95 22ep 38 
Deer Park........ J. Hebe Gos aoe 22 54 76 | 22.80 98%), (2027 19 
poboronto 2000 (Observatory oc. 25.79 | 144| 22.53] 101] 37.8 | 53 
EEL ; 
ees ARSED APL it eee Wi, JesOdsiiae. | 23.43 138 23.67 | 88 69:1 51 
EN’x & ANDINGTON 
7 Denbigh ee Terhanes ewes 18.75 | 51} 18.95 | 45 | 66.5 | 25 
RONTENAC : 
* Kingstone: 22k. | A. P. Knight, M.A.| 23.78 | 130 | 20.80 | 113 | 57.5 59 
ARLETON 
nt toaoudeaa we | We aullisy eee 23.74 106 24.37 98 70.0 | 59 
ENFREW 
Olontartey ssh con A Schultz :. cs ie 29.36 | 106 | 20.66 87 70.7 | 47 
Rockliffe ...... | C. McIntyre... ... 21.34 94] 19.00 91 | 84.8 47 
pone Dae cae Howard Wright...| 13.20 19 | 1 Ps: 16 | 15.5 17 
ANARK : 
ee ess Ferry ....| W. J. McLean ....| 17.66 | 62 | 22.96 59 | 32.0 14 
ICTORIA : 
Hindsaye Ate. | Thomas Beall...... 24.48 | 116] 17.25 87 | 72.3 | 63 
ETERBOROUGH : 
Ennismore ...... J.N. Telford..... | 24.55 55 | 19.40 48 | 41.0 22 
Peterborough,.... 7. Telford, Veo. 26.83 | 112 | 20.18 72 | 56.5 29 
Pcescrels ie Ne H. A. Lempriere ..| 18.91 86 | 22.77 90! 45.3 23 
ALIBURTON : 
peeinirion © lO. te sbewart,.¢ a. 4 21.02-| 100 | .22781 84 | 52.3 | 50 
ASTINGS : 
Bancroft). :. sc.s). Je Cloak. 24 52.5 don 18.20 65 22.11 62 | 83,8 |} 41 
Meets he ea J. Russell. : 365% 26.35 98 | 30.76 | 100 | 47.4 . 34 
USKOKA : 
Balan eeevsi sak E. B. Sutton ...... 27.95 | 105 | 20.12 4973 75.8 51 
Beatrice. ......... J. Hollingworth...| 26.63 98 | 19.87 77 | 88.0 47 
Gravenhurst...... T. M. Robinson....| 23.17 | 103 | 20.66 97.4615) 50 
Burk’s Falls...... G. Whelpton...... | 27.95 | 82 | 17.44 55 | 84.0 45 
* ee Mt paitens & C, A. Wattson ....| 28.90 68 ; 16.76 62 | 43.0 26 
ARRY SOUND : 
Parry Sound ..... Rev. R. Mosely....| 27.99 | 122 | 17.79 96 | 114.0 79 
Sprucedale ...... A. Kirkam ...... 28.08 82 | 17.83 | Li}: Me Bay G2 8 38 
ee aes Shoe ena P. Macdonald ....| 382.72} 106] 24.51 81 | 129.7 : 66 
LGOMA : 
Port Arthur...... Wit POO ne. o7s 18.00 93 | 18.08 89 | 45.2 47 
Savanne.......... Agent C. P.R..... 16.75 55 PA are 47 62.5 89 
White River ..... | Agent C. P.R..... 18.37 “tg 16.64 92 55.1 101 
Thompson........ Thomas Baker....., 21.33 46 | 20.17 39 | 36.5 20 
Average for the province.......... 23.89 | 92 | 21.22 | 79 | 59.0 41 


42 


59 Victoria. “Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


THE WEATHER. 


TaBLE VI. Comparative Meteorological Register for the seven years 1889-95, as recorded at Toronto 
Observatory, in Latitude 43° 39.4’ N, and Longitude 5h. 17m. 34.658. W. 


Register. 1895, | 1894. 1893, | 1892. | 1891. | 1890. | 1889. 
oO ° | oO ° Oo ° ° 
Average temperature ...........520-sse0ee 44,25 46.75 43.53 44.61 | 45.87; 45.02 | 45.44 
Difference from average (55 years)....... + 0.08 |+ 2.55 |— 0.67 |+ 0.41 |+ 1.67 |+ 0.82 |+ 1.24 
Thermic anomaly (lat. 43° 40')........... — 6.74 |— 4.27 |— 7.49 |— 6.41 |— 5.15 |— 6.00 |— 5.58 
Highest temperature..........  ..++ ee 93.4 90.7 93.3 93.5 91.9 89.4 88.7 
Lowest temperature ...........-..eeeess —91.2 |— 9.9 |—17.8 j|—10.2 J— 2.0 |— 2.7. |—11.3 
(Amntal ranges 01.2 eyak wae ins the neue 114.6 | 100.6 | 111.1 | 103.7 93.9 92.1 | 100.0 
Average daily range .......... Se IN ei T7 96 116,97 2) 17216] 618258) 016.45- 16.2291) 16.50 
Greateit daily Tanger du sence cee 36.9 34.3 36.3 38.6 37.8 36.0 42.8 
Average beight of bar. at 32° Fah......... 29.6171] 29.6246| 29.5996, 29.6325} 29.6385 29 0318 29.6177 
Difference from average (54 years)....... —0.0019 +0.0056 —0.0194' +0.0135|+ 0.0195] +.0.0123]—0.0013 
Highest barometer....,......---eseeee: 30.240 | 30.516 | 30.467 | 30.356 | 30.265 | 30.334 | 30.365 
Lowest, barometeby.. saa. esis ipoe eee 28.746 | 29.035 | 28.227 | 28.846 | 28.536 | 28.762 | 28.582 
Monthly and annual ranges............. 42494-41481 |2 25240 1 1510>b 1.730 1 bi 2s eer ies 
Average humidity of the air ..........-... 75 76 auras (ie 75 | 78 77 
Difference from average.............5-5> Oe ees) 0 0 = +1 0 
Average elasticity of aqueous vapceur...... 0.253) 0.277) 0.262) 0.272) 0.267 0.272) 0.271 
es temperature of Dew Point........ ALAS 42.9 4V.5 42.5 42.0 42.5 42.4 
Average Of CIGUOMOESS 2 Mes takes on Sass ae 0.57 0.60 0.59 0.61 0.59 0.62 0.63 
Difference from average (41 years)....... — 0.04 j|— 0.01 |— 0.02 | 0.00 |— 0.02 }+ 0.01 }+ 0.02 
° Q oO Q oO | Q (eo) 
Resultant direction of wind........,...66-- S 78 WIN 78 W|N 66 win 54 WIN 57 WIN 48 WIN 63 W 
s VOIOCILY OF, WIND s uct. fotos oe: 1.36 1.10 1.95 1.81 1.63 1.80 2.04 
Average velccity (miles per hour)........ 5.60 5.67 8.59 8.17 7.33 Ferg | 9.08 
Total amount of rainininches.. ........ 92.531) 25.785} 31.145] 25.285] 26.735} 32.110] 24.575 
Difference from average (55 years)......- — 4,873|— 1.619|+ 3.741/— 2.119|— 0.669}4+ 4.706|— 2.829 
Number of) days Of rain, ..c023 0. ec ees 101 114 105 119 108 119 104 
Total amount of snow in inches........... 54.8 37.8 85.7 42.2 47.8 52.6 66.5 
Difference from average (55 years)....... —13.74 |—30.74 |4+17.16 |—26.34 |—20.74 |—15.94 lea 2.04 
Number of days of snow............-0.- 48 32 | 64 43 50 52 45 
Nim berioffalr Gaye act oak coset cee ds 196 179 156 165 193 159 | 187 
Number of days completely clouded. ..... 48 43 | 50 57 60 68 | 79 
Number of auroras observed .............. | tH | 23 18 33 18 7 6 
Possible to see aurora (No. of nights).... 195 199 208 195 212 186 169 
| 
Number of thunder storms................ 23 36 41 40 19 21 24 
IN Gin ber OF, fOPS os obs ite duiciwncrwretehe too 0'e alee 33 30 | 31 36 38 43 | 34 
Number of hours of bright sunshine....... 2150.7 | 2017.7 | 2052.4 | 2054.4 | 2065.4 | 1977.6 ' 1909.2 
Number of hours of possiblesunshine...... 4463.3 | 4463.3 | 4463.3 | 4474.4 | 4463.3 | 4463.3 | 4463.3 


43 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 189€ 


RURAL AREA, 


TasBbLE VII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the Rural Area of Ontario as 
returned by Municipal Assessors for 1895, 


Acres of assessed land. Acres cleared. 3 

: Acres Acres Sd 

Counties. woodland. | w2mP oF |- 2 2 

Resident.|_Non- | Total |  jg95 1894 g) saree ee 

‘| resident. | occupied. ate 4 Wis) 
BIRO Le ccpc hesitate shat 421,302 9,601 430, 903/ 245,736 242,241 171,954 13, 213| 57.0 
ASHE cars ccs hats oats 554,503 11,182 565,685 348,458 336,729 193,617 23,610; 61.6 
LUT gs AS OO A a 435,735 801 436,536 308,706 305,657 118,733 9,097 1 7088. 
DNOPIOUR Behe conc). 390, 993 5,022 396,015 242, 205 238,867 123,765 30,045] 61.2 
Haldimand ........ 278,295 2,215 280,510 214,234 214,365 59,867 6,409} 76.4 
Nvellandstie at 222,606 3,833 226,439 174,042 174,372 39,510 12,887} 76.9 
otals yes cescuhs 2,303, 434 32,654; 2,336,088) 1,533,381} 1,512,231 707,446 95,261; 65.6 
Mambton =.) ig ss% ss « 638,677 21,365 660,042 352,305 342,535 251,688 56,049) 53.4 
Te Cio) at yg, 3 ee 784,676 14,162 798,838] 591,976 586,940 113,508]. ~ 93,354) 74.1 
DTUCE Cre oes BG. he 824,840 28,682 853,522 495,419 491,014 242,669 115,434] 58.0 
eobals 228. bit: 2,248,193 64,209} 2,312,402} 1,439,700! 1,420,489 607,865 264,837, §2.3 
rey et, eee .; 1,050,464 11,953) 1,062,417 | 615,244 599,705 265,812 181,30) 57.9 
MLINCOG Hiss bey oes 929,981 37,063 967,044 534,371 523,377 331,401| 101,272! 55.2 
TOtAIS Hele es dee 1,980, 445 49,016} 2,029,461 | 1,149,615, 1,123,082 597,213 282,633), 5.6 
Middlesex .. ...... 751,895 5,631 757,526 555,090 551,536 190,848 11,588) 73.3 
Oxtorn so ties rete 470,980 868 471,848 362,708 358,526 76,739 32,401) 76.9 
PBYOME weg ca oe sR, 213,661 2,214 215,875 179,913 178,350 14,577 21,385) 83.3 
PROrtbasct eee else 512,205 6,276 518,481; 402,334 393,502 67,420 48,727; 77.6 
Wellington ....... 625,676 2,445 628,121 458,388 455,642 78,569 91,164) 73.0 
Waterloo .......... 301,391 4,675 306,066 243, 237 242,716 44,259 18,570} 79.5 
Wuiferin ciety... | 329,854) 5,807 355,661 213,733 208, 459 60,452 81,476} 60.1 
Totals ; a 27,916] 3,253,578} 2,415,403] 2,388,731 532,864 305,311} 74.2 
incon. a... Re ote | 183,690 7,830 191,520 159,607 155,121 30,221 1,692, 83.3 
Wentworth ........ 271,218 1,060 272,278 209,599 207,774 39,458 23,221; 77.0 
le ES bite) aetna San rae 220,720 4,113 224, 833 168, 423 167,935 35,733 20,677| 74.9 
ROO Ley Wee ates aie ws 2 288,077 257, 288, 334 246,312 243, 865 27,728 14,294; 85.4 
Ore, ors st ke. 528,767 6,004 534,771 421,850 423,916 58,897 54,024 | 78.9 
MOAGATIO UM net oe 488,072 12,041 500,113 350, 096 346, 985 72,561 77,45€, 70.0 
Darham W620: oo: 367,753 2,515 370,268 288,653 289, 165 49,312 32,303] 78.0 
Northumberland. ... 433,419 2,144 435,563 330,563 335, 124 74,228 30,772 tbs 
Prince Edward .... 224,466 5,888 230,354 187,253 187,892 27,400 15,701} 81.3 
Potala wee. jie 3,006,182 41,852] 3,048,034) 2,362,356] 2,357,777 415,838 270,140) 77.5 
Lennox & Addington 410,658 14,083 424,741 216,855 214,165 111,699 96,187; 51.1 
Frontenac.......... 602,944 77,899 680,843 225,943 218,715 288,164 166,736} 33.2 
|B 0 bd Pons a 463,171 6,701 469,872 265,137 273,011 124,956 79,779, 56.4 
Grenville) o.05..0.0% 270,421 1,087 271,508 165,210 163,658 70,020 36,278} 60.8 
Dundas see. es! 235,694 1,250 236,944 140,124 137,698 61,246 35,574; 59.1 
PtOrmontenacs 4 248,147 2,089) 250,236 128,394 126,078 100,950 20,892} 51.3 
Glengarry.......... Zoo USL eae, sae 288,051 159,761 158, 207 109,191 19,099} 55.5 
Brescottin chs. Sais's : 268,028 18, 74 286,772; 150,947 150,164 125,733 10,092] 52.6 
MUSKET Shia Por... 237,831 13, 456 251,287 83,330 82,113 167,387| 570; 33.2 
Carleton ........... 555,435 9,513 564,948 304,018 302,167 125,014 135, 366| 53.8 
Renfrew ....,...... | 906,948 29,406 936,354 289,975 289,038 508,911 137,468, 31.0 
Lianiark Geer os oy 648,409 22,567 670,976 300,988 298,405 217,278 152,710} 44.9 
ete la fetta sire os 5,135,737 196,795; 5,332,532] 2,430,732 pea 2,010,549 aieaken 45.6 
Wactoriane ate. i.e) 569,145 16,154 585,299 259,629 258,187 140,020 185,650, 44.4 
Peterborough .. 536, 204 22,410 558,614 2338, 456 9997594 | 233,579 91,579} 41.8 
Haliburton ........ 550,177 12,327 562,504 34,635 33,734 491,618 36,251; 6.2 
Hastings: 2225 893,781 96,479 990, 260 370,069 369,000 451,535 168,656; 37.4 
MOtala e.g orlcan 2,549,307 147,370) 2,696,677 897,789 | 890,515] 1,316,752 482,136} 33.3 
Muskoka cio). ws 478,878 51,935 530,818 55,923 £5,983 388, 238 86,652} 10.5 
Parry Sound ....... 456,668 51,297 507,965 55,683 52,736 385,550 66,732; 11.0 
Nipissing .......... 169, 292 70,473 239,765 19,227 16,089 176,405 44,133, 8.0 
PA IZOMAt AY yor Sha: | 578,097 247,903 826,000 67,183 61,558 639,031 119,7§6; 8.1 
EDObAIE Sie a2 | 1,682,935 421,608; 2,104,543 198,016 186,366) 1,589,224 317,303} 9.4 
DhetProvinke [7ss8 22,131,895 981,420] 23,113,315] 12,426,992]......... 7,777,461) 2,908,872; 53.8 
: 1894! 22,032,799| 1,006,175] 23,038,974!......... 12,292,610} 7,859,714] 2,886,650) 53.4 


“Including Manitoulin, Thunder Bay and Rainy River. 
44 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE—-FALL WHEAT, 


Taspue VIII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce 
of Fall Wheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 


1882-95; also the yield per acre. 


he: erovincescn pee 


1895. 
Counties. 
Acres. | Bushels. 

PE RUE RENE eS certs et 24,522 556,649 
Kent oo so b> 82,736) 5 1,098,899 
LOL eS A a a 36,425) 644,723 
ENOES OLY ae any. cakes 32,777 337,603 
Haldimand: eee sot 33,994 499,712 
Wrollaind. Seino. ae 17,392 245,227 
Rots ls isl.2 Pea 197,846| 3,322,813 

Da NitOn ees seins ae are 38,172 790,160 
TOT Ones tia a. Re | 42,619 971,713 
Brice’. ae pes, 27,400 515,120 
Totals ., 1a pethetiecs | 108,191] 2,276,993| 
CATOY, ciety mere eet hae, 18,563 356,410 
SiMiCOse a vee es ee | 43,731| 1,246,334 
Totalsora, \oes aaa 62,294} 1,602,744 
Middlesexin es ain’. eacs 61,269} 1,347,918 
oxford we vet. ey ee 36,857 589,712 
EAPONGI eee othe s oe 22,700 261,050 
dS ARS Ae ene Came ee 34,501 755,572 
Wellington ..3..5..0.... 11,878] 210,241 
Wie Gerlodin.wtycoh eek ea | 24,346] 518,625 
Prin lac a ok 4,833 99,077 
Totals eimpalevalictayith ehcheliel ont 206, 384 3, 782, 195 
DinGolniy stork wie cou ek, 16,324! 280,773 
WV ent worth tre: tae 28,525} 489,285 
ET alors eae. 22, 287 398,937 
(et AT Ue ape ia Se ae 21,731| 388,985 
Mork a toca ss hee 26,349| 566,504 | 
ritariou. tse ery he 7,729 168, 492 
Durham sh ea% . Se ahah hy 5,651 115,846 
Northumberland ....... 10,146 212,051! 
Prince’ Edward ..... +... 3,274 66,462) 
PODER dost ascend 142,016] 2,637,335 
Lennox and Addington.. 2,677 51,398! 
TM POutenAGL wane te 592 13,557] 
DOECS yA ee a ah 2,020, 44,642! 
Garenwilled eee oe ae 28 560 
Dundas 229 §,298 
Stormontaceso. ovo. elo, 246 4,920 
Clenearryenns 21 cote. vow 60 1,554 
Breacotarane deat cio 23 587 
PLTEBBO Linke baths ct seek ces 24 679 
Gar leven ek sores doe vcs 152 3,557 
FROM IPOWM ey \hcnn ew les 0 285 5,810 
taamark yt 2. cae dees 1,729 43,744 
Metals ts, cee eyes 8,065 177,306 
ARLOLIAN SoG ess alien. ax 3,785 84,784 
Peterborough’ ...,...... 6,138 113,553 
PEBSOIELOMC fo x Satie ones 113 2,147 
US Eta: ae Sn G12 141,901 
Otol eter Nak ih | 17,748} 342,385 
Muskeokavee iit... 17 255 
Parry Sound. 4) 8, : nee 38 733 
INipissingibas sme a coke 19) 880 
sAlPOMa ac eres eee. e es 581 12,143 
Totals....... : 655| 13,511! 


748,199, 14,155,282 


Bush 
per 
Gus Acres. 
2 25,358 
19.7} 56,059 
TT ots 104 
10.3) 34,699 
14.7; 35,305 
14.1} 17,061 
16.8] 206,236 
20.7| 34,137 
22.8) 44,607 
18.8} 27,981; 
21.0) 106,725 
19.2} 16,054 
28.5} 47,760 
25.7; 63,814 
22.0} 59,124 
16.0} 41,508 
11.5} 27,894 
oe 83,458 
a ies clay | 
LD pL 8d, 38). 
20.5 4,259 
18.3) 213,475 
17.2). 16,973 
15.4! 27,580 
17.9} 21,646 
17.9| 23,354 
21.5] 30,261 
21.8 8,338 
20.5 6,023) 
20.9} 15,704, 
20.3 6,062, 
18.6 155,941) 
19.2 4,096: 
22.9 570) 
Dari ran 2,769 
20.0 85 
27.5 240 
20.0 76 
25.9 85 
25.5 35 
28.3 41 
23.4 377 
20.7 373| 
ZOu0 2,088) 
22.0) 10,785 
22.4 3,478 
18.5 7,393 
19.0] 125 
18.4 10,178| 
19.3] 21,174 
15.0 23 
19.3 159 
20.0, 82 
20.9 628 
20.6 842 


1894, 


Bushels. 


438,693) 
1,154,815 
762,631 
603,763 
702,570 
313,922 
3,976,394 


655,430 
1,025,961 
601,592 
2,282, 983 


369,242 
1,055,496 
1,424,738 


1,135,181 
929,779 
663,877 
782,917 
284,494 
820,839 
101,790 

4,718,807 


337,763 
615,034 
534,656 
576,844 
708,107 
175,098 
122, 267 
293, 665 

98,811 

3,462, 245) 


214,217 


69,908! 
154,514 
1,688 
192,364 
418,474 


11,178 
14,248 


19.0; 778,992 Se haciea| 


45 


Yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-95, 


Bush. Bush. 
per per 
ea | Acres. | Bushels. ete 
17.3] 32,160} 625,851] 19.5 
20.6] 60,113] 1,210,922} 20.1 
20.2} 43,258] 875,743] 20.2 
17.4] 34,081)  623,554| 18.3 
19.9} 33,778] 566,838] 16.8 
18.4] 21,699] 354,864! 16.4 
19.3] 225,089} 4,257,772] 18.9 
19.2] 36,871 724,006) 19.7 
23.0] 60,495] 1,253,328} 20.7 
21.5] 41,920] 829,756 19.8 
21,4| 139,286] 2,807,640] 20.2 
23.01 28,853} 471,592] 19.8 
22.1] 52,619} 1,129,105} 21.5 
22.3] 76,472] 1,600,697| 20.9 
19.2, 71,192! 1,474,492] 920.7 
22.4; 39,538] 830,292] 21.0 
23.8) 28,407| 550,478] 19.4 
23.4 s1347 868,792] 21.0 
24.0] 20,738! 424,986] 20.5 
23.2] 38,388] 813,744] 21.2 
23.9] 8,188! 161,465] 19.7 
22.1] 247,798] 5,123,549| 90.7 
19.9] 20,858] 382,808] 18.4 
22.3] 29,477] 568,019] 19.3 
24.7/ 21,550] 484,884] 90.9 
24.7| 24,8641 533,660] 21.5 
23.4; 34,259} — 760,484] 99.9 
21.0| 8,368] 183,877] 92/0 
20.31 4,261 87,316] 20.5 
18.7| 12.447) | 247,181] 19.9 
16.3} 3.452 61,569] 17.8 
22.2] 159,536] 3,259,793] 90.4 
20.6! 2,671 49,345] 18.5 
18.3; 1,326 24,907| 18.8 
16.1] 4,104 75,765 
20.0 ; ,765; 18.5 
19.5 802 15,176 18.9 
17.7 443' 8,154) 18.4 
17.0 398, 6,678, 16.8 
20.0 59° (Oe aR as. 
20.0 145 2,612/ 18.0 
20.0] 1,028 16,266! 15.8 
21,6! 702 12,885] 18.4 
21.1/ 2,584 50,281] 19.5 
19.9] 14,262) 262,866] 18.4 
20.1! 6,232) 124,354] 90.0 
20.9' 8,928] 178,184! 19.4 
13.5 124 2001 16.1 
18.9} 9,609] 183,066! 19.4 
19.8} 24,893] 482.605] 19.4 
11.7 50! 848' 17.0 
14.6 58! 930] 16.0 
15.0 6 101} 16.8 
17.8 488 10,162} 20.8 
16.9 602 12,041] 20.0 
| 20.1 


el 887,938] 17,806,963 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No.. 56). A, 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE-SPRING WHEAT. 


TianpLe IX. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
Spring Wheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 
1882-95 ; also the yield per acre. 


66,860 937,187 14.0 


Dea waHoRM 
bo 
® 
cn 
ay 
= 


Yearly average for the 
1895. 1894, fourteen years 1882-95, 
Counties. Bush. Bush. | | Bush. 
Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. , Bushels. | per 
acre. acre, acre. 
| 
ARBOR techs ite eee ks eter ~ 300 5, 2501 17aS 308 4,035| 13.1 1,377 20,402) 14:8 
| Stir) 5 AE Foe Re 713 11,978; 16.8 306 4,345) 14.2 3,036 46,812} 15.4 
WH AGIDISE ote kira «dia, v0 6 Pat 92 1,334} 14.5 343 5,557; 16.2 1,260 19,604} 15.6 
PNOLIGIK AEC en press scek 20 246) 12.3 1 110} 10.0 689 fu i ae: a 
Pialdimend &...,..00h. hs as 419 4,819} 11.5 826 9,664} 11.7 2,916 37,114| 12.7 
BVVellamceats’s sue. sani. 142 1,136} 8.0 343| 4,047| 11.8 1,028 13,953) 13.6 
BU OGAL Ss sb sas sips vase 1,686 24,763; 14.7 2 ASTIO © 27,708) loc 0 10,007 147,596) 14.3 
Faambton |. Wie is Feo: 1,072 14.686} 13.7 552 7,618) 13.8 5,145| 74,222) 14.4 
MIUTOUE toes cece ees sae cs 2,630 42,343) 16.1 2,725 39,240; 14.4} 13,696 194,150) 14,2 
MBTUCO HS) Siglo ds satis oh 4,166 68,322) 16.4 4,534 70,277! 15.5) 12,014 170,899} 14.2 
PP OGAIS tne fae ec 7,868; 125,351; 15.9 7,811 117,135] 15.0) 30,855 439,271; 14.2 
Grey ...... Pee ays abies Rb LOL 173,461! 15.5 8,923) 144,553} 16.2] 32,091 454,927) 14.2 
BIMCOE Pains s leo 6 din oh be 11,783 203,846; 17.3) 18,504 212,013} 15.7| 30,889 467,089] 15.1 
LE Pe OLMIS: chau ane «oii 22,974 377,307} 16.4] 22,427 356,566} 15.9) 62,980 922,016] 14.6 
Middlesex........ «- tats, 539 9,433) 17.5 792 12,118} 15.3 7,699 116,882} 15.2 
OxiOrd ur en eau s wee y ests 963 14,252; 14.8 469 7,270| 15.5 6,929 111,648] 16.1 
vane eh os Vis sere ss 94| BO aed ae le ai Et ln. oa a aN Hare 1,053 14,516| 13.8 
ertihcde.. oid es ee 2,495 * 50,399} 20.2 2,382 35,254| 14.8] 10,259 156,008} 15.2 
WiOLHNGGCON sive y sss ae ee 15,001 249,017; 16.6! 12,840 218,280) 17.0) 20,516 315,691| 15.4 
WeaterlOolyeviisess shee s% 445 7,743! 17.4 502 10,391) 20.7 4,016 60,252} 15.0 
yi Or itpe oe Geils cs. sb ee 11,661 211,064| 18.1 8,042 160,036} 19.9] 19,392 287,163) 14.8 
MOGAls thigh f cates Bis ws 31,198! 542,961! 17.4) 25,027 443,349' 17.7] 69,864) 1,062,160) 15.2 
| / 
UNCON egal goa wis titte ote 414 (AG2) Fives 169 14555) 5? 922 1,778 QA U TL) los 
Wentworth. .24. 628s ales. 396 4,356} 11.0 73 869)7.41'-9 2,420 35,369, 14.6 
Fial ton ies tn ok ce kee ; 707 8,555) 12.1) 1,024 11-366))/ ELAL 3,732 54,025) 14.5 
PGE) een eiens Lin wis Oates 4,604 72,283) 15.7 4,507 62,647; 13.9) 12,917 207,883} 16.1 
WA dd aE. ah RT AS ey ee 12,397 189,674| 15.3 9,575 137,880; 14.4] 23,541 388,010} 16.5 
COIEATA Oe, ale po sin 3 aks 10! Pe 20,833 285,412) 13.7) 19,930 298,950 15.0} 42,783 692,937| 16.2 
Darhamrreson. 334: teeta}. 010,796 152,224) 14.1] 11,562! 143,369) 12.4) 31,066 478,681} 15.4 
Northumberland. ...... 9,918 130,918! 18.2} 10,149 130,922) 12.9] 24,203! 321,845] 13.3 
Prince Edward ........ 1,547| 20,420! 13.2 1,700 24,140; 14.2 5,409 72,424| 13.4 
POLARIS AGUS ee vahseie uk 61,612| 871,004; 14.1] 58,689 811,698] 13.8) 147,849) 2,275,945) 15.4 
Lennox and Addington . 3,489 48,148} 138.8 3,176 57,168} 18.0 5,165 74,034) 14.3 
MPONERTIAG Forces hs ums ect 4,623 73,506| 15.9 4,788 74,693 7 6 8,003 120,736} 15.1 
LCL RS ot ee ea et 3,852 60,091! 15.6 4,240 67,416} 15.9 .| 
Ghanyilat suai ioc. 1,690| 28,034) 16.6] 1.8821 29,736] 15.8! $ 11,547| 182,086, 15.8 
HD TIGOB Oe FW stewie lals's's sie 6 2,093 43,116] 20.6 2,388 39,880| 16.7 4,140 77,166; 18.6 
Stormentan, sce s¢ necks 1,499 30,430] 20.3 2,392 30,189) 12.6 4,068 71,139) 2d 725 
Glengarry i. ss oh. ee 3,828 66,607; 17.4 5,399 63,708) 11.8 7,279 117,621| 16.2 
PrORCOGU i cairn siys esc ciate « 3,677 67,657} 18.4 5,038 49,372) 9.8 7,642 120,558} 15.8 
Russell iiss Vee ac ans 745 13,783; 18.5 2,214 21,254 9°06 3,516 58,559, 16.7 
Carlepon seks fab ess see's 9,612 171,094 17.8) 15,017 213,241| 14,2} 20,702 365,347| 17.6 
Rerittew ies. d. ce Sev ean)” 20,660 338,824| 16.4) 23,208) 317,950; 13.7 24,427 401,901’ 16.5 
Deana kd o0fe epee Me 2 9,278 148,448! 16.0| 10,418: 167,312; 15.1} 13,860 213,320) 15.4 
Motaias. oe eae 65,046] 1,089,758} 16.8] 80,160] 1,121,869; 14.0) 110,349) 1,802,467) 16.3 
WiCbOLI Ais 4 te tie ph ais eb rets 11,519 167,026; 14 12,664 202,624| 16.0) 29,284 425,083] 14.5 
Péterborough ors. so veces 11,081 115,242} 10. 9,316 122,971|, 13.2) 28,597 307,098] 13.0 
Haliburton’ ein sh eo 865 10,380' 12. 938 9,474, 10.1 1,350 17,403| 12.9 
ETASCIN GS Mae ch. Seles 6,242 86,140} 13. 5,673 82,826; 14.61 12,629 187,553} 14.9 
otal thes suc olte. os 29,707 378,788| 12. 417, ee 14.6 
IVERSON Sveti g ste tlciens the 476 6,474| 13.6) 657 10,052| 15.3 1,160 17,182| 14.8 
Parry Sound....... AB ne 300 4,230) 14 538 6,617) 12.3 1,170 18,129| 15.5 
INipissingiat one cee. s 358 7,375) 20. 517 6,101) 11.8 151} - 2,477) 16.4 
ISON tiie tas calles one 2,732 44,532} 16.3 3, 462 48,814) 14.1 5,423 100,394] 18.5 


POURLE cso Wreeh stenttart 3,866 62,611! 16.2 ala 71,584! 13.8 7,904 138,182} 17.5 


The Province ....| 223,957| 3,472,543] 15.5 HA 2,367, 864| 14.6 Se eeal 7,724,774| 15.2 


46 ; 


59 Victoria. 


TABLE XX; 


Sessional Papers (No. 36}. 


AREA AND PRODUCE--BARLEY. 


A. 1896 


Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 


Barley in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95; 
also the yield per acre. 


1895. 
Counties. 
Acres. | Bushels, 
DERE Vash re en a 3,824 112,426 
SC OA 2 ane 8,879 291,823 
| UTS ir Oa ne ae aa ee 7,139 205,317 
BOE EOUC ee Wises d sO tastes is: 2,789 61,079 
Waldimand ............ 4,780 101,814! 
WV CIPATIC heck cde nelle s 611 13,075 
MAL OURIA Ss tr shinebi cia eit 28,013 Udo 
AMVOcON, he. Loa ke inne 351,749 
TAL OW Sy ora a.steoe ec rene 1 22,321 622,756 
Bowes 37 AL Gees 11,789 297,083 
Tobalicr acne air | 457384! 1,271,588 
65) CE ate a ee ee 15,476 365, 234 
SIMCOOH i ass ee eae Bab ely 71,123 
Dotalss  eavree. oves 53,012; 1,536,357 
Middlesex #6:2.)..524%. 6.3 20,276 622,473 
COREOTC tr ain. w oD 12,578 369,793 
BLrantincetiicectese Wek oe 10,999 200,182 
rere ciate lh IAS 555,692 
‘Wellington ............ 28,596} 709,181 
WWwraborlon nics vein ioeiss 14,634) 358,533 
LST gb ae ae ae tin pia 12,140} 304,714 
EMCE TCE ME is Menagerie 116,374] 3,120,568 
FRC eg Oe AG ge 779 18,151 
Wentworth ............ 5,053 120,767 
SIAltOn eee... eae Secs ba 76,611. 158,003 
BOL UAL th e6 ee. Ca eh: ns 26,923 576,152 
GY ea Cer Raa a 32,424 768,449 
SIBEAKIONS as Se ees ce ble 23,785 573,219 
PUR HATIE he cle eds See sens 25,002 542,543 
Northumberland........ 11,575 224,555 
Prince Edward ...... . 16,301 327,650 
Mintals F206 aes 148,453} 3,309,489 
Lenrox and Addington .| 12,871 287,023 
MEFOUCOMAC 27 ts. Sass Pater 3,723 82,651 
MICK Oe he's nele'e oo 4,431 100,141 
Strenvillatie sor ets cece 2,805 63,112 
PMITAABE Yh 156 Side 5 oh ed + 2,198 61,104 
PISOTMON 2.5% hes c ands 2,442 63,004 
SELON PRET ois. daies.e Ws 8 s\6 2,301} 61,897 
ETOECOLOR HY, Bet 2 Tone + bss 2,365 65,038 
Evsnell ne Sec ans 1,530 48,501 
ARIGLON Sih os Gh As va 7,639 215,420 
Renfrew..........00- heh 1,060 22,684 
Piawtarioveds.. 5.2. 6. shox 2,697 73,898) 
Mortals hss. sa 46,0€2| 1,144,473 
PSI OCOMIA dun 3s. chile vi o's 18,911 476,557 
Peterborough .......... 5,546 106, 483} 
Hatiburtoniy ts0..3.6<3.2 195 4,154 
Biastinge i. . ores. bos 13,710 278,313 
POLAR Se it ski ded 38,362 865,507 
Miriskok aS ee eves ecules. 5 766 16,622 
PATTY SOUNA, doce ous ; 654 15,107 
AN ipissiny ss Pees bets. 134 3,296 
Algoma ...... Ps a ee 832 20,966 
Totalas> tyne. 6: 2,386 55,991 


The Province ... | 478,046| 12,090,507 
en ee ye ee ee ee A Ny ok eee 


1894. 


Bush. Bush, 
per | Acres. | Bushels. | per 
acre. acre, 
29.4 4,604 115,100} 25.0 
32.9 8,797 242,797, 27.6 
28.9 5,008 120,693} 24.1 
21.9} 2,897 55,912} 19.3 
21.3} 5,553| 88,2931 15.9 
21.4 1,098 | 18,995) 17.3 
28.1| 27,957 641,790; 23.0 
31.2; 10,962) 277,339) 25.3 
27.9} 18,437 473,831} 25.7 
25.2} 12,736 333,683} 26.2 
28.0} 42,135 es 25.7 
23.6{ 15,431 374,973! 24.3 
31.2} 30,248 741,076} 24.5 
29.0] 45,679. 1,116,049] 24.4 
30.7; 18,399} 333,635) 24.9 
29.4) 11,328 287,731} 25.4 
18.2} 10,951 229,971| 21.0 
32.4] 12,816 319,118) 24.9 
24.8} 27,245 697,472} 25.6 
24.5) 15,615 390,375) 25.0 
25.1, 10,507 296,297 28.2 
26.8} 101,861} 2,554,599] 25.1 
23.310 12770 31,860} 18.0 
2a 9 7,893 161,017; 20.4 
23.9| 6,070| 106,832) 17.6 
21.4} 25,253 598,496} 23.7 
23.7} 35,397 753,956} 21.3 
24.1| 24,118 472,713! 19.6 
21.71 31,317 569,969| 18.2 
19.4} 16,502 277,234} 16.8 
20.1} 17,624 385,966} 21.9 
22.3| 165,944] 3,358,043] 20.2 
22.3| 15,815 377,979) *23.9 

2.2 5,770 122,324) 21.2) 
22'.6 4,902 102,942} 21.0 
22.5 2,632 61,326, 23.3 
27.8 2,917 69,425, 23.8 
25.8 1,944 41,213, 21.2 
26.9 2,508 46,398) 18.5 
27.5 2,899 52,182} 18.0 
eh 2,111 29,976, 14.2 
Doe OL TT 158,634) 19.4 
21.4 1,700 32,470] 19.1 
27.4 2,550 59,415} 23.3 
24.8} 53,925) 1,154,284) 21.4 
25.2) 25,948! 609,778! 23.5 
19.2 6,194 126,358] 20.4 
21.3 185 3,756} 20.3 
20.3; 13,244 267,529) 20.2 
22.6; 45,571) 1,007,421); 22.1 
21.7 933 18,007/ 19.3 
23.1 967 19,147; 19.8 
24.6 143 2,145 15.0 
25.2 1,146] 24,066] 21.0 
23.5 3,189 63,365} 19.9} 


25.3] 486,261} 10,980,404 


47 


Yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-95. 


Acres. 


14,863 
15,280 
16,773 
16,150 
32,696 
16,473 
11,538 

123,773 


3,609 
11,521 
11,036 
31,801 
50,113 
34,164 
41,052 
36,230! 
32,540 

252,066 


30,199 
13,549 


\ 9,758 


5,412 
2,463 
2,240} 
3,212 
1,690 
8,128 
1,409 
2,909 

80,964 


27,549 
10,590 

247 
30,578 
68,964 


2,159 


Bushels. 


92,393 
194, 425 
135, 882 
126,070 
245,440 

72,981 
867,191 


340,318 
675,192 
427,885 

1,443,895 


482, 925 


814,702 


1,297,627 


393,609 
445,424 
430,254 
473,797 
910,151 
487,563 
296, 622 

3,437,420 


85,849 
302,800 
295, 894 
848,788 

1,406, 807 
930,326 

1,051,442 
790,644 
667,617 

6,380, 167 


| 


{ 


661,857 | 


307,574 


235,055; 


154,478 
65,035 
51,488 
81,771 
41,065 

231,613 
32,890 
74,385 

1,937,211 


691, 100 
249,293 
5,709 
686,505 
1,632,607 


13,149 
16,053 

1,730 
19,009 
49,941 


22.4 668,807| 17,046,059 


ae 


{ 


Bush. 


per 
acre. 


25.9 
27.4 
26.4 
24.7 
21.3 
22.8 
24.3 


59 Victoria. 


¢ 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A, 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE—OATS. 


MAGE LE an Ls 


Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 


Oats in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 ; 


also the yield per acre. 


1895. 
Counties. 
Acres. | Bushels. 
1 aac nat aI Besos Rudd eis a de Bick 
SEB aP Lc g's ico aleve on! a's o's 48,316] 2,203,210] 
as Ae eee 45,903] 1,964,648) 
TTT ALG tans, cles yi ats 42,069) 1,560,760 
DNOUIOIK ER Aerials s eeits n> 30.339 922,306 
Haldimand ss. (eo. os. 28,985 991,287 
Wiellavidet ne cos . Sl ake pss 23,322 839,592 
BCOURIB sce he vate n.s 218,934] 8,481,803 
| 
TAB DEON oi lowe chats $3 0 70,188, 3,085,852 
ADITON Siete Gl «phew ss 129,998} 5,134,921 
BPIUuceteeek gaa o eniee 87,751| 3,352,859 
Dotals'ss 008 ise ae eur eee 11,573,632 
AS OY phe cect cicie ere hie ois 139,155) 4,411,214 
IMCOGES Latah cen ks isa 107,778! 4,451,231 
(Potala se seee. os f ae 8,862,445 
irda lenses oe ci. a 96,768, 4,141,670 
Dy aefee the Sy aia NR 71,525! 2,953,983 
SADT sane «nis os as be 8 22,897 718, 966 
Werthig stems ceases fs 95,651! 4,246,904 
Wiellington Bestest ea 122,641) 4,341,491 
WVISLETIOO HCN aes nce sine 54,813) 1,836,236 
Duflerin ine. 20 oes | 61,285! 2,053,048 
POLAR sine ee inie eli sit 525,580 20,292,298 
i Whe (eve Fs Eee Reet SEO 21,934 701,888 
WWISHEWOLEH ty inst iat lee ate 34,813} 1,270,675! 
FEB On See n= Soto see 26,195 908,967 
BE) Brians Sen aa aan eg ae ee 46,734| 1,560,916 
PVOPC Weal. cae alte eines 95,516] 3,514,989 
Ontarid eisvsotlos vtec eves 75,160} 2,750,856 
Drath le! fasts oes be kes 48,581] 1,685,761 
Northumberland........ 44,792) 1,312,406 
Prince Edward ......... 16,530 464,493 
Bkala gic ane 410,255] 14,170,951 
Lennox and Addington .} 30,733 808, 278 
MTONteHAC’ |, u..% twas ¢ sete Ie Ok, S20), 21,070, 006 
Lisods sence he le 46,111] 1,175,831 
Grenville cies se ew's pes 33,140 901,408 
MUN Ae see oc cle es oe 31,145} 1,071,388 
Stormont .............- 24,580} 818,514 
Glengarry: Mose e vec. 6 33,383| 1,148,375 
PELEBCO UM icy cists wos dees 32,475} 1,117,140 
ESUISHOLL Seay role ot ce divs cs 21,907 865,327 
Carleton teaiecs hes cs ce 76,122) 2,778,453 
Renirew sss 0 aut ies lk 51,355) 1,602,276 
SO Va eS Ea en 43,573] 1,546,842 
DOtals in Sscueteb Oeics 462,344) 14,904,138 
Wictoriaiwnis cist mace 66,744| 2,429,482 
Peterborough........... 47,939) 1,227,238 
Haliburton tosis) 5. 5,340 145,782 
Hastings. 22. a. 22.5% 55,295| 1,487,436 
Totals........ St ae 175,318) 5,289,938 
Muskoka is0.06% css - .| 10,754 337,676 
Parry Sound 7s eee 11,640 335, 232 
NI pissing pees so seie ee cee | 3,203] 108,261 
ALPOME is ieee see's 10,466 341,192 
DOUMIB Sa ayes cate 4 « 36,063} 1,122,361 


The Province ... eae aa 84,697,566 


Bush. 


per 


acre. 


6 
8 
1 
4 
2 
0 
7 
0 
9) 
3 
9 
tf 
41.3 
9 
8 
3 
4 
4 
4 
5 
5 
6 
0 
5 
7 
8 


+ 

6 

ic 

3 

1 

5 

3 
28.3 
5 

2 

4 

3 

4 

4 

5 

5 

2 

5 
32.2 
4 

6 
3 
26.9 
2 


— 


Acres. | Bushels. 


44,578| 
45,237 


23,201 


267,272 


140,880 
105,317 
246, 197 


5,837 
515,901] 1 


22, 2621 
34,156 
27,470 
47,068 
99,855 
76,395 
53,844 
42,474 
16,832 


1894. 


1,546,857 
1,741,625 
1,312,220 
671,550 
746,736 
519,702 
6,538,690 


2,298, 952) 
3,670, 869| 
3,82, 201 
9,052,022 


4,428, 632 
3,549,183 
7,972,815 


2,939,941 
2,439,143 
660,389 
2,863,007 
3,889,899 
1,630,215 
2,046,425 
6,469,019 
549,871 | 
894,887 
741,690 
1,496,762 
3,325,172 
2,184,897 
1,459,172 
1,078,840 
422, 483 


420,356| 12,153,774 


30,180 
36,364 
43,687 
32,605 
34,180 
25,303 
36,400 
32,829 
21,027 
73,109 
49,201 
47,304 

462,089] 1 


74,682 
46,919 
5,168 
54,986 
181,745 


10,594 
10,384 

3,170 
10,240 
34,388 


872,202 
952,737 
1,168,132 
896,638 
987,802 
652,817! 
808,080 
607,337 
485,724 
2,054,363 
1,195,584 
1,343, 434 
ras 


2,098,564 
1,318,424 

85,623 
1,534,109 
5,036,720 


244,721 
278,291 

72,910 
328,704 
924,626 


EN 70,172,516 
_—_— eee ees 


48 


Yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882.95. 


Bush. | 
per | 
Pepe Acres. | 
84.7| 34,325 
38.6] 35,743 
32.5| 33,807 
21.7| 27,144 
24.5| 24.357 
22.4| 20,136 
30.4] 175,512 
36.3; 46,400 
34.5} 86,962 
31.6| 68,665 
33.9} 202,027 
31.4] 100,297 
33.7) 73,818 
32.4] 174,115 
29.4} 77,621 
33.8] 56,520 
27.8| 19,166 
32.3| 64,779 
32.9! 81,055 
30.6] 40,366 
34.2] 36,941 
31.9] 876,448 
24.7| 18,686 
26.2} 29,420) 
27.0| 20,752 
31.8| 33,464 
33.3] 70,887 
28.6; 55,092 
27.1| 37,519 
25.4' 32,971 
25.1! 14,210 
28.9) 312,951 
28.9] 23,912 
aoe 30,054 
ae ‘ 69,008) 
28.9| 30,524 
25.81 24,549 
22.2| 31,246 
18.5) 28,039 
23.1} 19,084 
28.1| 63,071 
24.3] 43,098 
28.4| 3y,892 
26.01 402,477 
28.1; 45,268 
28.1| 33,696 
16.6 5,213 
27.9] 44,841 
27.7| 129,008 
23.11 9,552! 
6.8] 6,818 
23.0 1,052 
32.1] 6,200 
26.8] 23,622 


Bushels. 
1,276,417 
1,402,246 
1,225,483 
827,959 
743,994 
600,387 
6,076,486 


1,654,708 
3,229, 446 
2,266,594 
7,150,748 


3,242,119 
2,593,640 
5,835,759 


2,871,955 
2,159,593 
656,139 
2,619,093 
9,967,101 
1,473 193 
1,283,036 
14,030,110 


586,955 
1,022,126 
722,560 
1,232,260 
2,772,433 
2,046,708 
1,295,519 
964,226 
390,243 
11,033,030 


669,375 
853,232 


2,103,562 


1,060,264 
826,046 
980,384 
850,211 
604,168 

2,185,141 

1,368,919 

1,267,392 

12,768,694 


1,510,359 
1,023,834 

139,511 
1,303,655 
3,977,359 


277,034 
200,753 

32,574 
211,645 
722,006 


30.0 1,796,160] 61,594,192 


a 


Bush. 
per 
cre. 


Dn ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36}. A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE-RYE. 


Tasik XIIJ.—Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce 
of Rye in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 ; 
also the yisld per acre. 


Prince Edward ........ 6,351 95,900! 15.1 8,059 116,856| 14.5 7,833 UV O77 17143 


. Yearly average for the 
1895. 1894. fourteen years 1892-95, 

Counties. | Bush. Bush. Done 

per per per 
Acres. | Bushels. aes | Acres. | Bushels. ee Acres. | Bushels. ater 

es | le — — —_— —<_— s¥x——— ——— || 

2 0. aie pee ae 2,496 50,419} 20.2 1,547 28,805, 18.5 965 18,903 19 
OS) LN as aay ea ep Ok ae ae 2,186 43,283] 19.8 1,163 20,934; 18.0 910| 18,492; 20. 

MAGI ee Ole Pe leeks « 3,786 69,662, 18.4 2,581 41,296] 16 i) 1,629: 28,320; 17 

WOR SOMMER cy Pan aes oats 12,196 152,450} 12.5 5,792 75,875) 13.1 7,274 99,598; 13 

Haldimand.) ....2..000: 960 13,440} 14.0 787 10,467) 13.3 789 12,268] 15 

Weelia nd Pos sc cktee ie) 1,597 25,073} 15.7 1,150 18,285] 15.9 702 11,454| 16 
otalatcn): |. 2.scaa. | 23,221 $54,327; 15.3; 13,030 195,662} 15.0) 12,269 189,035) 15. 
MABMDCON fas sigs n eae oe 6 1,070; 23,112| 21.6 517 9,461} 18.3 317 5,712} 18. 
EOS Fe FOE ha 697 12,476] 17.9 382 8,480; 22.2 348 6,286] 18. 
DEMOS. eu ato, erates. 788 12,592) 15.9 300 5,610; 18.7 46] 8,087, 17. 
MOtals: ok ane ce me rire | 2,555 48,180); 18.9 1,199 23,551! 19.6 1,126; 20,085! 17. 
CPE hole ie eRe ae ea 530 7,685) 14.5 1,051 15,765) 15.0 ral 10,026} 16. 
SUACOG. PoE Fe Ps Gein 2,879 50,095} 17.4 3,320 50,464) 15.2 2,292 39,929] 17. 
Totalaouri.: tesa ee 3,409 57,780} 16.9 4,371 66,229} 16.2 2888 49,955) 17. 
Middlesex! 4.5... eed sak: 3,162 61,343} 19. st 961 18,087) 18.8 720 13,160) 18. 
OzLOr tore es caite c ys 3,253 53,024) 16.3 1,697 30,376} 17.9 1,338} ‘ 21,517] 16. 
Brapte see os... a sees 4,352| 65,715] 15.1 577| 10,040] 17.4] 1,283] 19,214] 15. 

ROFR Sova cee evsce doles « 914 21,479] 23.5 467 11,115| 23.8 259 4,727| 18 

WISHIDGTOIRE. foe ek ets 2,748 42,869; 15.6! 1,039 16,416} 15.8 1,027 17,692, 17 

Waterloo. okie reed. 2,279 38,515| 16.9 1,161 22,988] 19.8 689 12,345! 17 

PURALOPI ee sess Geese 8 8,298 66,949) 20.3 1,118 17,829} 16.5 828 15,161; 18 

TROUT LE Ad Seika eS 20,006 349,894} 17.5 7,020 126,351) 18.0 6,144 103,816; 16 
PCO MIs Sse She as bees oie 22,624) 17.8 542 8,943] 16.5 487 7,849] 16, 
Wentworth .... _..... : 2,383 43,371] 18.2 1,902 31,193] 16.4 1,050 17,885) 17. 
PU AICOD mn os ek ee ea! 1,130 19,549! 17.3 335 4,925) 14.7 583 9,636) 16. 
POS r ees Sarkln aoctet | 1,543 21,911{ 14.2 122 2,025); 16.6 1,148 21,120) 18. 
MAN d oh TO ES ree 1,563 28,447} 18.2 892 15,164} 17.0 1,459 24,519} 16. 

SONTALIO oes seo lee 5,689 93,869} 16.5 3,392 58,682) 17.3 2,617 44,975) 17 
SVUEDADS hres ci. Pee os §,465 117,664; 13.9} 5,058 69,800} 13.8 4,645! 68,956] 14. 
Northumberland........ 10,615 141,180) 13.3 12'906, 172,927; 13.4] 10,947; 145,462! 13. 


So Phot tna hs GR rem Ow (och Or aq Bo eo IS. 00 05 pk Oo mabe Go Om Oo CRO co Soto bots OL! toy neo Rh oo, Oot Guu eeered m eoGe 


TWP hy ieee 39,010] 584,515] 15.0} 383,207| 480515) 14.5] 30,769 451.479! 14 
Lennox and Addington .| 2,970] 43,065] 14.6/ 3,096] 48,9171 15.8} 4069| 60,230] 14 
Sena ae oe 1,525 20,620 16.8 2,220 83,881 15.2| 3,241] 51,768) 16 
ce Ppt ia i pen a re 5 Bahee slo 16,619] 13.6 
Eivomuillons ere wee 2°882| 44,095] 15.3 536 9.4341 17.6 4,788; 81,983) 17. 
ends ee 967; 22,048] 22.8 763} 14,650| 19.2] 1,111; 24,7611 29 
Stemniont ci-.cs.l.. re! (ee F347 4164; 12.0 75 1,275) 17.0 370 7:395| 19 
Glengarry............. 15 398! 26.5 22 3301 15.0 60 985! 16 
ATL ears te Ge. oh a Ree re Ct Picea, Ge nes Oa 100 1,500) 15.0 203 3,628} 17 
alee do 112, 2.408} 21.5 630 8'820| 14:0 279 5,227| 19 
Martone. aceon. 2,024, 34,813) 17.2} 4,337/ —-75,030| 17.3| 4,683; 84,110.18. 
ye es eae 4 4,209' 74,078] 17.6] 4,753] 73,672| 15.6| 6,467/ 120°997| 18. 
Mer yk ree 2,039! 6,702| 18.0) 1,201! 18,736] 15.6| 3,559! 65/946! 18. 

Tier Oke eee ee | 18,220]  305,084/ 16.8) 18,964|  302}864' 16.0] 28,823] 506/960| 17 
Wintoriaea est. 1,472} 18,253] 12.4) 1,162] 16,268] 14.0| 1,186] 19,598] 16 
Petérbdrough .......... 3,534) 50,183) 14.2) 2,999] —39,249| 13.4) 3:455| 520991 15. 
Halinartone.. oe 325 46481 14.3 90 1,080! 12.0 236 3,849] 16 
Histicare ss 7,995] 115,128! 14.4) 7,843; 129,410] 16.5/ 11,412] 175749] 15 

teins cet. 13,326] 188,212] 14.1| 12,024) 186,007} 15.5] 16,289] 251/165! 15 
Musthcmmaiite taht 156 2,855] 18.3 112 1,714 15.3| 318 5,846] 18 
Parry Sound ........... 102 1,703] 16.7 125 2038] 16.3 292 6,035] 20 
Nipissing .............. 77 Tibial ach 33 495] 15.0 37| 633] 17 
Aleoniacati Scene 268 5,950| 22.2 59 1,180! 20.0 217 4,009] 18 

Tobalatede. Aan 603 ied 19.3) i) 6.427) 16.5 864 16,523] 19 
The-Province 2. 120,350] 1,900,117) 15.8 90,144 1,386,606] 15.4] 99,172, 1,589,008] 16 


$$$ 
4 BI, (1-8) 49 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (INO. 36; | A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE-PEAS. 


TaBLE XIII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of Peas 
in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 ; also the 
yield per acre. 


: Yearly average for the 
1895. 1894. fourteen years 1882-95. 
Counties. Bush. Bush. | Bush. 
Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. | Bushels. 1er 
acre. -| acre. acre. 
PSHE Tere hy es |aia oS ecu tereine 3,570} 81,396] 22.8 2,862 52,947, 18.5 3,391 | 64,136! 18.9 
TEGGEY ai 52 Bi Saige ei eat) eae 2,731 51,616} 18.9 2,836 48,779 17.3 8,100 152,466} 18.8 
PEs scenecut alec oc? otehere'one 7,277 136,808} 18.8} 11,209 169,256} 16.1' 12,450 222,153) 17.8 
Norfolk ...... deitatokeetls 10,801 166,335) 15.4) 15,376 181,437; 11.8) 16,474 294,874| 17.9 
‘Haldimand: \.\:).. 20.53. 15,489 247,824] 16.0) 16,323 202,405} 12.4) 14,681 245,980; 16.8 
PW ellAnGicit enn spies coe 5,724 95,018} 16.6 5,561 81,191} 146 4,553 75,346! 16.5 
PD GURIG ea ss kote os « 45,592 778,997} 17.1) 54,167 736,015} 13.6) 59,649) 1,054,955, 17.7 
aw bbore kc: ative’: 9,340 177,460| 19.0 7,069 122,294; 17.3 9,071 165,895 18.3 
PE UPOR eis chron oe ofa s 5 42,311 994,309} 23.5] 44,415 879,417; 19.8) 36,282 810,610) 22.3 
BTUCO Paice needa Ae ...| 49,715) 1,128,531) 22.7] 49,200 979,080} 19.9; 40,951 922,702 22.5 
EL ObAlB. uarea cha hia ee 101,366} 2,300,300} 22.7) 100,684] 1,980,791} 19.7] 86,304) 1,899,207; 22.0 
CTE OV eae hc oa aces dae a 53,331] 1,029,288] 19.3} 51,526] 1,020,215; 19.8) 47,922) 1,010,156 21.1 
DIMM GOCL Meche x ete walace oe 58,274] 1,346,129] 23.1] 54,673) 1,115,329] 20.4) 37,691] | 822,938; 21.8 
TOtalere rts sary Seta oe 111,695) 2,375,417} 21.3) 106,199) 2,135,544) 20.1 ate BARR | 21.4 
BERS iene shi oalatple 13,212 310,482] 23.5) 15,693 268,350} 17.1) 20,742 398,608 19.2 
LOK EOTCE ae wm iels-v ao cms ocer 14,356 325,881] 22.7); 15,316 271,093) 17.7} 16,346 334,594| 20 5 
APA Uepen sats oie sles seins 12,530 187,950} 15.0) 14,297 187,291} 13.1] 10,489 193, 268 18.4 
PROPtUas cake sees tes 27,286 750,365; 27.5) 27,626 524,894} 19.0] 24,723 551,366, 22.3 
Wellington Gio. 6.22. 37,562 852,657! 22.7} 34,988 623,810] 18.3) 37,601 821,452; 21.8 
WaterloOpine.c. «exes 18,928 405,059] 21.4 18,764 337,752} 18.0) 16,084 354,185; 22.0 
NP OMTE STAT Lite re ciehay fare late abe obs 19,382 358,567| 18.5; 18,428 392,516} 21.3] 138,866 286,131} 20.6 
OLAS xtite np shine oe raed 3,190,961 223 144,212; 2,605,706} 18.1] 189,851) 2,939,704) 21.0 
DINGO A) Poe des Lite sis 6,343 111,003; 17.5 5,521 77,846' 14.1 5,340 93,384| 17.5 
Wentworth ............ 13,788 239,911! 17.4) 14,051 195,309} 13. 9] 11,642 223,212} 19.2 
EP AICONA eh ccce oe clots kes 12,419 263,283] 21.2) 11,097 147,590} 13.3' 11,022 224,276! 203 
MOGI loge eee else toditer ts 20,154 380,911} 18.9} 20,026 282,367; 14.1) 16,092 321,732| 20.0 
BYIO TIE Bieeoaye nines wie Wa derscens 40,276: 898,155) 22.3) 40,542 656,780] 16.2} 31,795! 684,789} 21.5 
ADVERT IO Merci tie yi Glee a 32,665] 538,973) 16.5) 35,377 562,4941 15.9] 28,935 579,184! 20.2 
Burhans enn Fo: Peake 36, fee 614,431} 17.0) 34,285 593,181] 17.3) 25,540 493,101; 19.3 
Northumberland........ 37,155 505,308' 13.6) 34,660 629,834} 18.2! 23,769 416,874| 17.5 
Prince Edward......... 24,159 345,473] 14.3) 23,190 486,990} 21.0; 16,456 296,519) 18.0 
OER Geer e'ers tise hs eos 223, 10 3,897,448] 17.5) 218,749) 3,632,341] 16.6 170,591] 3,333,071} 19.5 
Lennox and Addington.| 11,030 181,995| 16.5 9,881 169,953} 17.2 9,469 170,169} 18.0 
HPO TOMA rele ete ae siercyers ore ink oe 176. aed . 8 8,260 153,636! 18.6 10,616 188,699' 17.8 
iSSdSLIe Rte tone teas eek 3,9 63,42 2 3,453 62,845) 18.2] | 
Gronvillessends ie ccs. 1595] 27,2981 17.9] 1,517| * 98,065]. 18.5) f, 98] » ttl.822) 218.7 
WunGdased..c: see mee eke 1,275 29,070) 22.8 883 16,689, 18.9 1,492 31,738) 21.3 
Stormont ........ ...+. ] 803 38°357| 20.7| 1,285!  24,030| 18.7| 22641 44,313] 19.6 
Glengarry... >.<: 2. te tees 2,869 54,224| 18.9 3,432 42,557| 12.4 4,956 84,493! 17.0 
SREPRCOLU tite fie wieisic va cteiers'« 2,415 49,266| 20.4 2,959 31,957) 10.8 6,946 112,939} 16.3 
OsseLI Bisel es: cia ase ss 1,684 35,701} 21.2 1,784 28,009! 15.7 3,225 59,986} 18.6 
CTALIOLON GE Naleters arate ees 9,270 208,575) 22.5 9,057 142,195} 15.7) 12,018 251,910; 21.0 
Renfrew .........++ ae 24,255 414,761] 17.1] 23,888 437,150) 18.3} 21,416 429,021; 20.0 
PpAT AER bed crate oes eels bee ws 12,316 221,688] 18.0} 10,238 204,760} 20.0] 11,541 237.707: 20.6 
SDOGAIB hiteere ote bietae > 3 83,606' 1,501,302, 18.0) 76,637) 1,341,846] 17.5! 89,891) 1,722,322 | 19,2 
SVAGEOTIS SUE tate teem ses. 5 24,194 401,620] 16.6| 20,656 371,808} 18.0] 17,909 357,520; 20.0 
Peterborough .......... 22,768 311,922; 138.7) 21,841 421,531! 19%3) 16,708 317,779| 19.0 
Haliburtoaity: fees’ 2,035 31,543] 15.5 2,635 34,255) 13.0 1,821 32,278| 17.7 
EV RRC R -Pad < 2,6 olaserres So. 25,457 404,766' 15.9 21,713 410,376] 18.9) 19,851 357,162; 18.0 
PROBALS irc) aud et eke 032 74,454) 1,149,851] 15.4] 66,845! 1,237,970) 18.5! 56,289; 1,064,739 | 18.9 
Misi: Oates versie trees coe 3,616 73,043} 20. a 3,445 66,144) 19. “ 3,168 64,2541 20.3 
Parry Sound ........... 3.977, 84,312) 21.2 3,835)  80,525| 21.0; 2,198] 46,295] 21.1 
INI DIBBENG tors h0d0ciw «she 1,432 31,074| 21.7, 2,193 30,702) 14.0 479 9,414’ 19.7 
Algoma se cise ss aes 201 185,398) 23.3 8,041 175,294' 21.8] 5,115 128,727| 25.2 
Totials.sc 22033 8c0 ss 16,982 373,827) 22.0 ae 352,675| 20. " 10,960 248,690! 22.7 
The VINCO snide aside 799,963 5, 568,9 ete 785,607 14,022,888) 17. 9, 699, 148 1,085,702 20.2 


50 


99 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


Ja 


1896 


AREA AND ,PRODUCE—CORN. 


TaBLE XIV. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area, produce and yield per 
acre of Corn for husking and tor silo and fodder in Ontario for the years 1894 and 1895, also ‘the total 
acreage for 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95, 


For husking. 


For silo and fodder. 


Counties. 
Acres, 

URES Xtc whisiceaae is 7. stele eis 52,166 
ar Ghee ee Mac shaves et 39,561 
Rpintt ons as's sere 25,091 
INO ELOL Kuen cots cae cae 21,091 
Fialdimand’ isa % ‘eve 2,813 
NVCLIATICN Pani a tice eh 9,199 
PP GGRIBC > sre vit els See 149,921 
AM DCOD Ws wees wares 20,313 
FENYORE eects « eee 2,863 
leiab ilo D Pan kan, serie aeian 738 
Totals eine te a.crds 23,914 
CEB YS Sereda eaves 898| 
SimCOOs toa. arte. 2,419 
TT OCAISG ue ofan stocine SOLT 
Middlesex........ ... 22,930 
OfOr Getereiels oe tctsiccete: 12,416 
Mee) 44 Phe ote Sie Re iar teh 6,197 
Bertie veh ede sladince 1,054 
Wellingtons)”. oo xfs 461 
Woaterloom. sl. cocu. 1,855 
Dutler ings cok: .n ete 178 
otale aes 20 an 44,591 
DnGoln gy ak thie sees 7,765 
Wentworth 2k. 00% 4,188 
Paton tes. ont lose 1,200 
Mie i oot eed dete 641 
Td Gn Oa ea aN 1,423 
MPT OREO ry facdithe a's vic ON 2,935 
UID AI ee heed eek ee 2,872 
Northumberland...... 5,276 
Prince Edward ....... 7,092) 
LMcals seat ahe koe, 33,392 
Lennox and Addington 4,456 
PULONACE ©. od oe sits 2,864 
RIOCH Bie ebm ee 8,822 
CRON V IG MEG, os hata 4,568 
LPs OLD ieee tee ee 3,891 
SOTIION GE) s Aaieo'r ala» 3,229 
ITIOUPSETY ss Hat diet 2,152 
EY ERCOCHE Bo.) stake fe/5/s 2,712 
BAST 2) WR ae ae eae a 1,124 
WAPlOLON. ois denne als 1,601 
PPOULCOW. sSeiaishuié'e.s Pls 821 
ERT Mee hae) cds aN tre 1,721 
ERIS Ste Wey Oo SN Yi a8 k 
CUIDIA EE ow esis ae 449 
Peterborough ........ 636 
Haliburton 0.5. ss. 208 
ELABPINn GR yes hoo eke 8,069 
ANAL tne ae 9,362 
Muskoka ...... 224 
Parry Sound 5.2.5.3. 140 
INT Pissine ae eae sods 42 
ALO etre ache. 65 
LObAIS. 45 eae Soh bs 471 


The Province | she 


Bush. Tons 


302,929] 24,819,899 
267,348! 16,275,352 


Total area. 


Bushels. | per | Acres. | Tons. | ber | Heir 
acre. ae % 

Bae Wad a: Eee Ni ove ue 
4,955,770] 95.0) 1,452 6,171) 4.25] 53,618, 
3,639,612} 92.0; 1,946 14,031) 7.21] 41,507 
9,182,917| 87.0] 3,511 31,669] 9.02] 28,602 
1,708,371) 81.0] 4,361 46,009] 10.55! 25,452 
219,414] 78.0} 2329 24,012] 10.31| 5,142 
717,522| 78.0| 1,620 15,309] 9.45} 10,819 
13,423,606] 89.5 pale 137,201; 9.02] 165,140 
1,746,918] 86.0] 3,494 38,015 10.88] 23,807 
186,095] 65.0] 5,958 81,744, 13.72| 821 
42,066] 57.0| 4,502 48,515 10.74| 5,240 
1,975,079] 82.6] 13,9541 168,274! 12.06] 37,868 
47,594] 53.0] 4,807 59,847] 12.45] 5,705 
169,330] 70.0} 2,554) 35,756] 14.00] 4973 
216,924| 65.4] 7,361 95,603] 12.99] 10,678 
1,880,260' 82.0} 8,079] 102,926] 12.74] 31,009 
856,704| 69.0] 7,977| 87,588] 10.98] 20,393 
446,184} 72.0] 3,088; 31,383! 10.33! 9,235 
71,672| 68.0] 6,092 70,850, 11.63) 7,146 
32,270] 70.0] 4,589 54,747| 11.93] 5,050 
89,430} 66.0) 2,537 95,243) 9.95| 3,892 
12,104] 68.0 399 4,788! 12.00 577 
3,388,624] 76.0} 32,711| 377,525 11.54] 77,302 

| 
574,610} 74.0} 1,792 18,225] 10.17] 9,557 
259,656| 62.0) 5,228 56,932| 10.89} 9,416 
98,400] 82.0 3,062 35,825| 11.70! 4,262 
35,255] 55.0] 2,627 31,524] 10.00]. 3,268 
83,9°7| 59.01 5,920 72,698] 12.28] 7,348 
228,930, 78.0] 3,731] 45,4441 12.18] 6,666 
193,168' 690] 2,669 35,071] 18.14] 5,541 
327,112] 62.0] 5,015 53,510| 10.67| 10,291 
517,716] 73.0] 3,101 33,491| 10.80] 10,193 
2,323, 804 68.5 33,145| 382,720] 11.55] 66,537 
329,744| 74.0] 3,122 37,464] 12.00] 7,578 
194,752] 68.0| 3,567 40,735. 11.42) 6,431 
599,896] 68.0] 4,567 58,321 12.77| 13,389 
461,368] 101.0] 3,273 42,909 13.11! 7,841 
342,408] 88.0) 4,082 61,761| 15.13} 7,973 
229,259| 71.0} 1,965 98,296] 14.40 5,194 
148,488] 69.0 3,801 53,784| 14.15! 5,953 
249,504} 92.0] 1,560 22,152] 14.20| 4,272 
62,9441 56.0] 1,118 14,735| 18.18! 2,249 
112,070] 70.0} 4,618 61,281| 13.27| 6,219 
41,871] 51.0] 1,708 21,9521 12.89] 2,524 
132,517] 77.0! 3,542] 53,555] 15.12] 5,263 
2,904,821 ee 36,918] 496,945] 13.46] 74,879 
23,797} 58.01 1,158 13,201] 11.40] 1,607 
29,892| 47.0] 1,762 20,933| 11.88] 2,398 
8,320] 40.0 40 480| 12.00 248 
500,278} 62.0] 7,316 80,183! 10.96} 15,385 
562,287; 60.1} 10,276 wie 12217 ea 
13,888! 62.0 104 624! 6.00 328 
5,690 40.0 92 920| 10.00 232! 
2,016] 48.0 26 208! 8.00 68 
3,250} 50.0 93 837 9.00 158 
24,754, 52.6 315 2,589 8.22 786 
81.9) 149,899] 1,775,654! 11 85 ) |. 
60.9] 111,361! 1,049;765' 9.43 s 492,828 


1894, 
Acres, 


50,413 
40,136 
25,544 
19,569 

3,356 
9,146 
148,164 


20,784 
5,207 
3,153 

29,144 


3,917 
4,544 
8,461 


24,376 
15,380 
6,638 
4,014 
2,420 
2,812 
687 
56,327 


8,113 
6,017 
2,726 
2,289 
5,064 
»,900 
4,289 
8.434 
9,241 
52,073 


5,736 
5,351 
12,591 
7,047 
6,122 
4,738 
4,075 
4,905 
1,664 
7,272 
2,406 
4,603 
66,509 


1,268 
2,415 
158 
13,453 
17,294 


305. 


251 

33 
148 
737 


378,709 


1882-95, 
Acres. 


35,548 
29,192 
16,778 
15,219 
2,356 
6,913 
106,006 


10,669 
2,987 
1,539 

15,195 


1,708 
1,940 
3,648 


| 14,433 
10,700 
| 5.379 
2,007 
errs 
1.756 
231 
35,967 


6,846 
5,460 
Vig 
1,210 
2,634 
3,442 
2,616 
5,563 
7,260 
| 36,803 


3,293 
2863 
}. 9,957 
| 3,068 
2979 
1, 985 
2138 
972 
3,058 
993 
2,361 
32,967 


764 
886 
Fes SED. 
| 8,849 
10,131 


251 
88 
21 
90 

450 


| 


| 241,167 


51 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE—-BUCKWHEAT. 


TaBLE XV. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
Buckwheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with tke yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 ; 
also the yield per acre. 


Yearly average for the 

re | Se fourteen years 1882-95. 
Counties. | ; Bush. Bush. |Bush. 

Aores. | Bushels. aa Acres. | Bushels. se Acres. | Bushels. | pee 
SS SSE CATO ee a Gare hei aire See eee pare Nici Saha (Wicchaabah 1h oie. vies all Sc Ged acne tas eae al ae ric coe ee 
LNCLIGE 4 eae ee a I 796 16,716} 21.0/ 1,284 18,233| 14.2 To 19,727, 20.2 
SUE ae tn aN 1,034 20,783) 20.1} 2,049 35,038) 17.1] 1,152 22,237; 19.3 
II Caer ae a sais cn eG 2,591 53,634} 20.7| 2,610 48,546} 18.6} 1,748 34,031| 19.5 
Biorfolktn. cack. ..e-ss 8,464) 171,819} 20.8) 8,252) 136,158) 16.5} 5,389 96,963 18.0 
EPaidimand 7s. vue. 741 17,784} 24.0) 1,358 17,382} 12.8) 768 12,884; 16 8 
WV ellAnGwao. ss tives vos. 2,531 48,342} 19.1) 3,531 49,454; 14.0] 2,132 37,542) 17.6 
otalsums ©. ohne: 16,157} 329,078] 20.4; 19,084; 304,791) 16.0) 12,168} 223,384] 18.4 
MISTAD PON Nac cars ee seis» 845 16,647| 19.7 772 13,664) 17.7) . 661 11,785) 17.8 
PEnTOte ten lee ct tk oe 3833 7,131) 20.2 374 6,545). 17.5 371 7,022; 18.9 
PSIG We Prt Mee sieeve tee 351 7,547) 21.5 156 2,543) 16.8 438 7,720, 17.8 
DOtAIS TSG estate... « 1,549 $1,325) 20.2) 1,802: 22,752) 17.5] 1,470 ot 18.1 
NST OY Bete aiy ais ice tes w wsntsls | 1,501 28,669} 19.1 823 13,662] 16.6 606 10,683) 17.6 
SiC00,/245%),,.5%.. eid PEO 5 686 137,033| 24.1] 4,493 85,816; 19.1 1,406 27,998) ong 
PLObAl ay cP syncs tere c 7,187;  165,702| 23.1) 5,816 99,478} 18.7} 2,012 38,681; 19.2 
IMiddlasexy x... s.4 < oe5's's 1,493 32,846) 22.0} 1,776 44,400} 25.0 732 14,403} 19.7 
Oxford ah eics os sey» > 1,331 27,818) 20.9 8 14,851; 16.8 734 12,945} 17.6 
ran Geet tees Ses 1,723 24,639; 14.3 947 16,099} 17.0 748 12,906; 17.3 
Perth cu erie n's vistas os 190 3,800} 20.0 164 3,690; 22.5 131 2,708] 20.6 
Mvellington we. 3c 509 13,998 27.5 150 1,695} 11.3 222 4,782| 21.5 
WiateTlOO oH. te ccs 46 667| 14.5 79 1,580 20.0 146 2,439; 16.7 
ASI ORL Aree ge tact ost ral ¢ 17,925} 25.0 535 6,420] 12.0 188 8,680, 19.6 
PDOUALS rates = wesc: 6,009} 121,698) 20.3) 4,535 88,735} 19.6) 2,901 53,863) 18.6 
PANCOMI gee Die ee ake as eoe 888 7,627} 19.4 806 12,251} 15.2 752 14,351} 19.1 
Wentworth ......... .. 1,021 17,051} 16.7| 1,206 19,778} 16.4 900 17,403] 19.3 
PE ALCOMGRE e ciie neo 6 occ’ 342 6,840! 20.0 383 7,660} 20.0 207 3,551] 17.2 
1 BS) Oh ro A iP a arr 208 4,784| 23.0 282 5,640} 20.0 262 4,382} 16.7 
MAay dg oe aa ae per 2,325 58,823} 25.3] 2,296 51,660} 22.5 626 13,720) 21.9 
JRGATIO Se sor bgt wigsion 6.764, 156,248) 23.1} $,048 143,254) 17.8} 2,282 47,464) 20.8 
MO TERN MILES ee vere ice oars oa 9,896} 215,733) 21.8} 18,323; 246,476] 18.5! 4,562 92,993} 20.4 
Northumberland........ 20,899} 363,643) 17.4; 21,813} 410,084; 18.8} 10,211] 200,135) 19.6 
Prince Edward ........ 10,279) 160,352] 15.6/ 14,310) 210,357; 14.7| 9,145] 174,685} 19.1 
POURS Te cease daisie ee 52,122;  991,001/ 19.0; 62,467; 1,107,160) 17.7] 28,947) 668,684) 19.6 
Lennox and Addington.. 5,145) 112,161) 21.8) 5,917 88,755, 15.0; 4,069 84,699] 20.8 
HB rontenace caret <.0 1,648 32, 1 Y : x 2, i ye ep | Ms 5 : 1,932 40,953) 21.2 

ESOS aaa 9 Bh elt e's cho ions 2,727 62,994 23, ; : Pal. 

Grenville ..... ......0. 6,085} 110,853] 21.8] 3,328] 58,240] 17.5 5,801, 116,400 20.1 
DUNC AS Yor eas Crd cies end 1,824 41,952} 23.0} 1,918 36,634] 19.1 1,706 41,223| 24.2 
MEOLMODE fii cabielsiercvts ules 2,243 53,832; 24.0! 2,211 46,431] 21.0] 2,209 49,774| 22.5 
FICNGAUTY. 2 os ois one ee 1,625 42,600} 25.6} 1,822 28,606} 15.7; 1,305 26,401; 20.2 
Presqotd ayn: kites cows 1,749 39,178] 22.4) 1,884| 33,912] 18.0} 1,648 31,567} 19.2 
UGRROLL jereerd re 8 Sree ates 1,391| 36,027; 25.9 1,562! 31,240; 20.0 1,028 23,122} 22.5 
Carleton ..... anki reat 5,456) 132,035} 24.2] ° 4,692) 84,456} 18.0} 3,875 80,278] 20.7 
Rent row ¥ xa.’ ers be, asi 2,785 57,093) 20.5} 3,229 | 53,601] 16.6} 1,611 32,516; 20.2 
MSATIAEK Geo cree Y vied Ne iiehec 8 3,893 98,882} 25.4 3,845 63,443; 16.5 5,265 106,172| 20.2 
Robaldiaca vente caaiee 35,571} 819,743} 23.0) 34,858) 613,915] 17.6] 30,449] 633,105] 20.8 
WiCtoriaider a. ween, Meuse’: 3,652 | 79,248) 21.7 4,875 81,413} 16.7 2,023 36,486} 18.0 
Peterborough .......... 4,048 83,794] 20.7| 2,962 50,650! 17.1] 1,657, 31,755) 19.2 
Haliburton 1 gece he 660 13,332; 20.2 372 4,948, 13.3 337 5,963} 17.7 
Hastinget tsps es ce 7,349 134,957| 18.5 8,741 146,849; 16.8 5,319) 106,752; 20.1 
Totalsivis, on vant. se 311,331; 19.8) 16,950; 283,860) 16.7! 9,336 180,956 19.4 
Mnpskokhey orheace elses 278° 5,894] 21.2 181 3,077; 17.0 339 7,760, 22.9 
Parry. Sound. outst spe, 259 6,579| 25.4 176) 2,687; 14.7 152 2,988} 19-7 
INI DISeIN Gey ees iso ene e 157 3,674| 23.4 157! 3,140} 20.0 55 1,133! 20.6 
PFOA iS Art oSecihes © 264 57297 22147 242) 4,840) 20.0 154 3,342| 21.7 
PRG ERISA He pete s lta ke 958 wae zie 58) 13,644) 18.0 700 15,223} 21.7 


PPIGLE LOVING Miss. tye siefeye 6 135, 262 Pio heee ope we 2,534,335, 17.4) 87,983] 1,740,483) 19.8 


52 


59 Victoria. 


TABLE 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


AREA AND PRODUCE—-BEANS. 


VL 


A. 1896 


Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and preduce 


of Beans in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourtecn years 1882-95 ; 
also the yield per acre. 


1895. 
Counties. Bush. 
per 
Acres. | Bushels. Bee 
PIRBOK Mme WRLE SG Goal eee Bhs | 761 14,611| 19.2 
Pe Ont aii tyes are Colon geer et 40,809 877,393| 21.5 
HOUT £otetee te ns py 7,338 150,429} 20.5 
Norfolk Ba Sapte et Pie ee 849) 15,791; 18.6 
aiclima andar a: caer sees | 291 3,929} 13.5 
Wrollandsccd Huw ates 1,501 24,616} 16.4 
Totals ses... nine: ee | 51,549 1,086,769} 21.1 
Damblonvitw: 64.40 res 3,020 61,306} 20.3 
Pivroniy, 44222 Sea ess | 241 4,627; 19.2 
IBYUGOM Ge ec ae en oe 256 4,736} 18.5 
Hotalaar aa. aes 3,517 70,669} 20.1 
RETOV iG ase eae nd Caauatas 548 10,631] 19.4 
DLNICNOM SL awtndss Sao oh 888 18,914! 21.3 
Tobalad ce. toe. bee Pa 29,545; 20.6 
Middlesex ............ 3,439) 75,314} 21.9 
CtOvdieen sete eee: 289 5,347) 18.5 
Brantcee cat fa 8 338 5,171; 15.3 
SOME A Aenean sa es 235 4,700; 20.0 
Wellington’. i... 225.0. 32 720| 22.5 
WistoriGoue ys... .n025 2 c,. 95 2,375| 25.0 
UM OKIIG. oe. os ee eee 63 1,260} 20.0 
Wotale eee te ssa sles» 4,491 94,887; 21.1 
PSINICOM 2 ef ide fae a's 3 320 5,088) 15.9 
PWientworthit. 2 cece barnes 127 2,540) 20.0 
PESILOT ee ack potalicd nce cos 116 2,320) 20.0 
OOM ead, wre) Say ae 45 1,125; 25.0 
NET Gees OHO ee 655 10,939} 16.7 
Ontarignt ooo. eerie ns 639 12,333} 19.3 
Wis bal ab te shee ON hg el oe 759 14,421; 19.0 
Northumberland........ 2,298 44,122! 19.2 
Prince Edward ......... 914 10,602} 11.6 
OCIS Mer crear ee teres | 5,873 103,490} 17.6 
Lennox and Addington . 301 7,525} 25.0 
IBTODLORACy oO. 7... aOR oe 273 3,959' 14.5 
DiseGats ate an ie ub 271 4,255| 15.7 
CRPEN VINE Hes oes occur et 248 3,670| 14.8 
WOMNOAS SY te oot e Sateen « 304 6,414 21.1} 
MHORMMONG 2 o's al cs ea 191 4,011} 21.0 
Glengarry ii, ae0e aud. 277 5,125} 18.5 
erescotien Gen oe Serine 370) 7,104; 19.2 
Pisisselle cece acct oe eee. 179| 4,475} 25.0 
WAVlOtON Resin oe keke 719 16,106) 22.4 
I ORY OSWaNe Mist ie ahi daal as 620 10,0441 16.2 
SPATIAT 2 a, 25 0 th Ale oken « 151 3,111] 20.6 
PObaIBS fs a. Pata ess 3,904 75,799; 19.4 
RMAGLOTIN SS O27... ELD. 558 7,700} 12.8 
Peterborough, 5.7 .%..¢%. eo) 2,961; 10.5 
Pal burtour ls cura seks 63 863| 13.7 
PAABLING BS fis 2k eels vss 947 19,698} 20.8 
Potala meee fe. a. 1,850 31,222! 16.9 
Ditskoka eas... Onde Li. 38 380} 10.0 
PAT Y AOU i a5 dose. sa: 39 468} 12.0 
NNATHESLN Sorte e sel ON, 5:,.: 10 150} 15.0 
AIRONET ton) od ese 40 800! 20.0 
Lotale2 ieee oun, 3 0 127 1,798! 14.2 
The Proyincdews.aecn.«:: iedal 1404179 


ae 


Acres, 


1,157 


eeceese al eeeeerseeoeetores - 


59,281 


1894. 


Bushels. 


18,457 
448,813 
85,185 
6,846 
3,234 
16,661 
579,196 


827,514 


Yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-95. 


Bush. 
per | Acres. 
11.9) 746 
12.5} 19,649 
17.3| 2,163 
14.0 638 
17.2 221 
14.4 908 
13.1| 24,325 
2 
15.3 753 
20.4 128 
18.3 119 
15.9! 1,000 
15.01 202 
15.3 208 
15.1 410 
17.7 662 
21.0| ' 258 
12.5 354 
21.5 61 
17.5 41 
13.5 41 
20.0 28 
18.4! 1,445! 
“pla 179 
16.0 140 
15.0 42 
46 
22.5 197 
16.7 320 
17.4 428 
15.1 832 
18.0 472 
16.7] 2,656 
90.0 216 
17.5 251 
6.7 
15.0 \ 396 
16.4 236 
16.5 164 
12.0 194 
14.4) 469 
14.0 212 
19.6 467 
17.2 507 
18.7 299 
16.9] 3,334 
11.5 153 
15.0 152 
10.5 32 
14.4| 404 
13.6 741 
20.0 45 
20.0 22 
20.0 11 
15.0 21 
18.6 99 
14.9 3401 


Bushels. 


13,787 | 
327,785 
40,521 

9,110 

3,417 
12,294 
406,914 


420 


1,778 
586,847 


Bush 
per 
acre. 


18. 


WHEE ORwW AMWO NAM! 


SOWWH WDOODO MOOHDOURO © OR NOROSCONANW 


5 


os 


a 


53 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36}, A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE-HAY AND CLOVER. 


TaBpLe XVII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of Hay 
and Clover in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 
1882-95 ; also the yield per acre. 


Yearly average for the four- 


1895. 1894 teen years 1882-95. 

Counties. Tons | Tons Tons 

Acres. Tons. per Acres. | Tons per Acres. Tons. per 

acre acre acre 
1 DIET» ai eaihas a 41,518 44,424 1.07! 41,129 68,274) 1.66 38,009 58,949, 1.55 
Wentrreieies ss. 50,707 48,172 95 51,956 81,051} 1.56 52,510 80,049} 1.52 
Wiginie eee: fe <! 49,815 29,889 .60 52,475 67,168} 1.28 51,192 75,807; 1.48 
Worfolk® e505... 33,412 11,694 35 38,584 51,703} 1.34 40,632 54,816} 1.35 
Haldimand .... . 53,356 24,010 45 54,312 72,778; 1.34 51,032 64,760} 1.27 
Welland.) (3.0 ..: 52,929 37,580} 71 53,161 83,463} 1.57 48,089 65,885! 1.37 
Totals... 2.6.4 281,737 195,769 .69 291,617 424,437; 1.46 281,464 400,266] 1.42 

e 
Lambton .... ... 64,472 43,196 .67 64,939 84,421} 1.30 58,809 84,508} 1.44 
Eurone ste |: 103,091 50,515 49 114,478 144,242} 1.26 101,668 141,468; 1.39 
BRUCE eee cece. 96,845 35,833 .37 100,586 121,709; 1.21 90,792 113,119) 1.25 
Totals? 5.0.2 5% 264,408 129,544 49 280,003 350,372} 1.25 251,269 339,095; 1.35 
Grey hoes SS 127,868 44,754 35 130,218 151,053, 1.16 121,576 151,244) 1,24 
MIMCOG Lees ese et 88,026 73,062 .83 87,503; 120,754] 1.38 81,484 109,484) 1.34 
Motala enc 215,894 117,816 55 217,721 271,807). 1.25 203,060 260,728, 1.28 
Middlesex........ 90,222 64,058 71 94,764 129,827} 1.37 91,956 140,291, 1.53 
Oxford. ci... ss. 60,500 43,560 72 61,826 92,121} 1.49 62,688 97,942; 1.56 
BSTAN Ge Ge oes oie 28,580 10,860 38 30,306 42,428] 1.40 31,470 46,538) 1.48 
Jets 4 vk OO 77,406 45,670 59 76,484 108,607} 1.42 70,019 106,411} 1.52 
Wellington ...... 94,194 55,574 59 93,847 126,693, 1.35 86, 208 128,959} 1.50 
Waterloo ........ 39,060 17,186 44 41,902 63,691} 1.52 42,247 63,976) 1.51 
Dufferin ......... 36,556 19,740 54 38,103 51,058) 1.34 35,060 47,039 1.34 
Totals oo ses. 426,618 256,648 60 437,232 614,425) 1.41 419, 648 631,156 1.50 
Gincolnitse. 3) 568 41,397 25,666 62 43,369 70,258] 1.62 41,016 56,357, 1 37 
Wentworth ...... 40,383 18,172 45 43,769 65,216) 1.49 44,945 65,664 1.46 
Haltonye se .0k.. 31,881 16,259 51 33,247 52,198] 1.57 33,572 46,702, 1.39 
Peele. ho ste 37,595 15,790 .42 39,260 59,283, 1.51 38,741 55,948 1.44 
Work hv a el 80,813 58,185 72 81,299 127,639) 1.57 76,184 108,130, 1.42 
ONtATIONS, 2 Laie, vis 61,205 48,964 80 58,384 95,750} 1.64 54,644 79,021} 1.45 
Durham..... eae 48,215 34,715 72 44,662 63,420} 1.42 44,141 61,220} 1.39 
Northumberland. . 58,368 39,197; 67 54,155 72,026} 1.33 54,814 69,096} 1.26 
Prince Edward .. 32,914 11,849 36 31,001 37,821} 1.22 31,402 40,769} 1.30 
Totals........ 432,771 268,707 62 429,146 643,611} 1.50 419,459 582,907) 1.39 
Len’x & Addington 60,445 32,036 .53 62,318 73,535} 1.18 53,308 65,969) 1.24 
Ss Parle or ths Hires 49,090 73 70, 226 90,592} 1.29 64,303 80,755} 1.26 
OC BH rai seve sie sles 304 41,696 61 72,123 93,039; 1.29 

Grenville cnet es 41,770, 321631 177, 41,951, 49,089) 1.19] ¢ 242,525) 145,894) 1.30 
andas 2.8% fei. 39,757 58,104) 1.46 39,961 59,942) 1.50: 36,480 57,065) 1.56 
stormont™: <3.) ... 38,828 50,865} 1.31 35,672 48,157, 1.35 33,754 50,751; 1.50 
Glengarry........ 46,118 65,488] 1.42 47,406 80,590} 1.70 38,787 59,996) 1.55 
Prescottia : as... 48,926 61,647) 1.26 46,186 AUG ROL Mil 264, 37,319 55,831} 1.50 
Russell fcc2.. 2’... 26,537 45,644) 1.72 26,208 40,884} 1.56 19,892 29,250; 1.47 
Carleton ;........ 77,314 115,971); 1.50) 75,386 125,895) 1.67 63,187 90,347; 1.43 
Renfrew ......... 75,852 91,781, 1.21 79,291 112,593} 1.42 65,710 75,894, 1.15 
Lawark ie. 70,403 73,219) 1.04 76,219 113,566; 1.49 63,853 88,003} 1.38 
otalsu2 ga ei. 661,591 717,704; 1.08 672,247 965,013) 1.44 588,118 799,755) 1.36 
Victoria snes eo: 48,910 38,639 ao 45,420 60,409} 1.33 40,839 49,664; 1,22 
Peterborough .... 40,553 16,221 .40 42,254 50,705} 1.20 39,607 44,535) 1.12 
Haliburton ...... 12,400 (;cl2p eee 13,757 13,895} 1.01] 10,776 11,199, 1.04 
Hastings ........ 79,954 47,173 .59 77,382 86,668} 1.12 72,379 89,085) 1.23 
otale.s set , zt elT 109,845 .60 178,813 211,677; 1.18 163,601 194,483} 1.19 
Muskoka='. 55 ...2%% 24,177, 17,649 43 23,437 31,406] 1.34 21,469 26,274 1.22 
Parry Sound 20,782, 12,054 .58 21,034 26,924) 1.28 13,464 15,485) 1.15 
Nipissing ........ 6,125 7,350) 1. 20! 5,613 8,420} 1.50 2,297 3,155 1.37 
IG OWA Siti es oie. 3'= 21,854 16,828) .77 20,080 27,108) 1.35 18,853 18,184 1.31 
otalsinincss «s 72,938 53,881 74 70, 164! ne 1.34 51,083 63,098 1.24 


2,587,674 1,849, 914| 


73 2,676,043 3,575,200) 1.39 2,378,702 3,271,488, 


54 


= 
oo 
@ 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36,. A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE-POTATOES. 


TaBLE XVIII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
Potatoes in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-99; 


also the yield per acre. 


eS eS ee eee 


1895. | 1894. fourteen years 1882-95. 
Counties. Bush. Bush. Bush. 
Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. Bushels. | per 
acre. acre, acre. 

| ee > oe ed 
BASH etek seas os 3,370; 394,290) 117. 3,481 193,892} 56. 2,899 272,547| 94. 
TTT TOL 6 as ese ace 3,746! 546,916) 146. 3,658 263,010} 72. 3,308 386,866] 117. 
MG) Gey Ti ie GY. se 9 ase ects 3,984 585,648] 147. 3,943; 340,281) 86. 2,921 300,328] 103. 
INT ogee iors 6 oyiocste a's are 3,938 527,692] 134. 3,485 279,497| 80. 3,321 333,083} 100. 
PLAMIMANG Ss. of Uztess:<icete 1,434 174,948} 122. 1,413 92,552) 66. 1,408 142,825} 101. 
WVIAC arknie : .c8 teed oss 3,195 392,985, 123. 3,122 246,326} 79. 2,457 232,367) 95. 
Totelaee hice. 19,667| 2,622,479) 133. 19,102} 1,415,558) 74. 16,314] 1,668,016 102. 
gar DOT goes se sagt ates 3,800 592,800) 156. 3,271 220,465| 67. 3,071 302,270} 98. 
ELCPON GOA re oes oe as Notes 5,260 873,160) 166. 5,059 577,738} 114. 4,997 616,932} 123. 
TCAs die os bythe soe §,133 759,684) 148. 4,163 406,309] 98. 4,620| 539,698) 117. 
Totaiee ot: = use esis | 14,193} 2,225,644, 157. 12,493} 1,204,512) 96. 12,688, 1,458,900, 115. 
MALOU re eel local alates ao 6,914} 1,057,842) 153. 6,410 646,128} 101. 6,740} 838,186, 124. 
SIMGVORs arces Fs aes es 9,738} 1,908,648) 196. 9,109 921,831, 101. 7,343 955,407| 130. 
TEOLGIS gry inen Mactan oe 16,652; 2,966,490) 178. 15,519} 1,567,959} 101. 14,083} 1,793,593) 127. 
Middlesex 43.5.0 .660.0% 7,621} 1,333,675, 175. 6,225 593,243} 95. 5,625) 621,158) 110. 
Go dhs Pe AR A cree ren 3,603 565,671) 157. 3,361 343,830} 102. 3,233, 363,986] 113. 
UP ek ae Sa COPE IGS 2,601 327,726| 126. 2,352 228,850, 97. 2,240 247,548) 111. 
Beer tlie ee es divine tts ore 4,331 818,659] 189. 4,174 456,218} 109. 3,757 447,053, 119. 
Miellingtonas.cc..+s> 4. + 7,824| 1,384,848) 177. 6,016 803,136! 134. 5,940} 765,608 129. 
WA berlOOwy cites segcins es 3,634 551,304) 156. 3,159 293,788! 93. 2,953 357,461 121. 
PIGOTING Sok ic. she  5 5,447 849,732] 156. 4,007 524,516) 131. 3,399 473,539 139. 
TBOUSIS/ 10: cts 2 <iy' 63 ole are 34,961) 5,831,515, 167. 29,294) 3,243,581/ 111. 27,147| 3,276,353, 121. 
UginColniaeey. So .2. sat itits >) hs 2,715 339,375) 125. 1,691 139,388; 82. 1,898 187,868 99. 
W GntwWOrti lt; cst. a eh =e 4,489 565,614} 126. 4,021 357,869} 89. 3,685 424,776, 115. 
PT ALLOVA ee Sos stints 2 1,911 286,650} 150. 1,722 161,351} 94. 1,608 179,930, 112. 
Bee B Ge vissis cs nays oaks 4,175 597,025] 143. 4,296 396,232) 92. 3,151 335,844] 107. 
VEY Kotha d Arak tr, 108s AT sles 9,929} 1,737,575) 175. 7,944 775,334; 98. 7,624 851,636] 112. 
OVATION hice errs sok ee os 9 6,587} 1,165,599) 177. 5,924 555,671) 94. 4,536 574,627| 127. 
UTHER ply fhe esa Passe 3,884 613,672} 158. 3,580 380,196} 106. 3,229 408,125} 126. 
Northumberland....... 5,378 747,542) 139. 4,817 452,798) 94. 4,443 496,536} 112. 
Prince Edward ........ 2,353 280,007; 119. 2,115 181,044} 86. 2,325 215,867} 93. 
SLObAIBtadi oh) Ssrayatey 2% 41,421| .6,333,359/ 153. 36,110, 3,398,833] 94. 32,499] 3,675,209) 113. 
Lennox and Addington . 3,114 467,100} 150. 3,382 372,020} 110. 3,172 354,394 112. 
; POTICENACS hip 'a:d, foals aie es 3,963 ee 134. 3,627 aR 119; 3,922 407,473; 104. 

PORTE Ses betas 3,815 7,105) 167. 4,300 486,330, 113. 

Geonvilia Gh. Wena 3717;  743,400| 200. | 3,436] 483,102] 141. T2b4) 5° 863,371 0119. 
Did asec uot tes osc 2,442 446,886] 183. 2,132 307,434] 144. 2,349 319,814; 136. 
SStGTINON s/s scncs aces 6s eh 1,884 293,904; 156. 1,669) 197,443} 118. 1,983 223,964! 113. 
GHONGATTY «oe ake a 5 2,312 360,672) 156. 2,090 210,045} 101. 2,365 257,793, 109. 
rescobty. tis sae vida as sc 2,516 467,976, 186. 2,625 230,213) 88. 2,419 306,442} 127. 
PEASE cies, < be sn ens cas 4 1,467 268,461] 183. 1,294 156,056] 121. 1,466 159,904} 109. 
Ae RE LOGOTED vial. « Skfoia 3. «Ves 6,139 920,850; 150. 6,042 760,688) 126. 5,997 757,758] 126. 
POTET OW rs oints 0's eile Boa pare 4,434 647,364) 146. 4,195 517.244, 123. 3,919} 564,141) 144. 
Wan ar yey 4030s oes 3,290 631,680! 192. 2,992 398,834} 133. 3,501 486,415) 139. 
EOC SIS.) ane head y,3 39,093) 6,416,440) 164. 37,784| 4,549,209) 120. 38,347| 4,701,449) 123. 
PRLOLIG Aten bas dec spas 3,238 599,080) 185. 3,153 310,255) 98. 3,125 406,756 130. 
Paterborough. .'... 2. «.°4: | 3,693 601,959| 163. 3,240 SVR Mae yd We 2,838 344,858; 122. 
Pig aTtOUs Meets eas 3 798 151,620) 190. 654 57,944, 89. 685 92,686) 135. 
PIASTINGS. coe. ahs ss 3 6,054 829,398] 137. 5,589 558,900, 100. 5,635 659,081; 117. 
A Sy eee 13,783) 2,182,007) 158. | 12,636 1,240,731, 98. 12,283} 1,503,381; 122. 
PLUSH IER eae Serbs Vidtsinw ose 1,403 200,629; 143. 1,208 131,189} 109. 1,333 177,896) 133. 
Parry Sound 1,443 268,398] 186. 1,317 176,873} 134. 942 143,360; 152. 
INTDISSIN GS Ooi h ein vis ole 715 129,415) 181. 533 53,300} 100. 232 $4.90) 151. 
YATE OMIAME, tn Giic tach Sochils.. 1,316 214,508} 163. 1,257 181,385) 144. 896 149,843) 167. 
TosalsGsc. en ene ss 4,877 812,950; 167. 4,315 042,747 126. | 3,403 506,020) 149. 
Whe: Province 1-4 he « 184,647 29,390,884) 159. | 167,253] 17,163,130 103. | 156,764, 18,582,991) 119; 


55 


Yearly average for the 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 36). A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE—MANGEL-WURZELS. 


TaBLE XIX. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
Mangel-Wurzels in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 
1882-95 ; also the yield per acre. 


Yearly average for the 

| 1895. 1894. fourteen years 1882-95. 
Counties. | |Bush. Bush. Bush. 

| Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. | Bushels. | per | Acres. | Bushels. | per 

| acre, acre. acre. 
MBOX coe ae at, oe rete 614| 272,002 443 356 124,600 350 290 118, 469 409 
PCBTIGA RM sr tie « ee 631 305,404! 484 441 205,065 465 345 147,543 428 
ROTI ee, ey ens 837 405,108 454 532 273,300 525 365; 162,087 444 
INGriollceaeee se ook ee 423 217,422 514 260 98,540 379 243 100,530 414 
Haldinisnd 4% ......26- 260 80,600 310 145 36,830 254 178 57,917; 325 
VV OMA Ciedy. Wer iar ee ee 147 61,446 418 87 22,707 261 138 £7,280 415 
Totale?.<t\.2t ee. 2,912} 1,341,982 461 1,821 767,042 421 1,559 643,831 413 
Dyambton oe. oh wot tee 976 537,776| 551 730 261,340} 368 502 209,970! 418 
Horontes ore ee 3,032] 1,573,608 519 2,762} 1,350,618 489 1,826 867,865 475 
IDEUCE ek tee eae oe 846 351,090 415 628 274,436 437 492, 210,098 427 
Motals 3. eter eek 4,854| 2,462,474 507 4,120 | 1,886,394 458 2,820, 1,287,933 457 
GTOVE sic cee oe 635 241,300 380 408 135, 864 333 410 172,594 421 
Simeoe acs s hae Soo 669 324, 465 485 783 345,303 441 616 258, 404 419 
PPOGHIBN ae salad ess, & 1,304 565,765 434 1,191 481,167 404 1,026) 480,998 420 
Middlesex..:. ......... 2,707| 1,426,589} 527 1,756 698,888} 398 1,545 683,869} 443 
Oxtori amen tee Cee ite 1,848 924,000). 500 1,552 760,480} 490 1,325 632.817} 478 
Brant ...... SE Eg 579 233,916 404 540 314,820 583 392 192,382 491 
Perth .¢; BRL se ste. wae 3,343) 1,711,616} 512 2,672] 1,087,504} 407 1,955 908,136, 465 
Wellington’ :....5.:.,.. 1,863 849,528 456 1,594 672,668 422 1,135 510,983 450 
Waterloo'...... Sta leit 622)" 240,714| 387 512; 223,744] 437] 512; 223.659} 437 
nfierine acer. ae 178 92,738 521 162 60,102 371| 130 55,508! 427 
Potalsviveoe ssh. occ. |) AL 140} 26; 179301 492 8,788] 3,818,206 a 6,994) .3,207,254 459 
Dimcolpig ers: setae. ae 980! 121,240; 433 251 88,603] 353 245 97,854} 399 
Wentworth .,...':.. .. 700 394,440 519 669 289,008 432 487 236, 241 485 
Praltonaeeen ss fern 837 348,192 416 593 235,421 397 482 219,193 455 
Peel. is sy, Be) ce Pe Ne ne 800 373,600 467 700| 248,500 355 504 204,584 406 
MOTKee Woes fet 2,312 984,912} 426 1,795 755,695| 421 1,778 798,594| 449 
MONtATION SR ts eRe 961 449,748 468 942 404,118 429 777 354,164 456 
Oar irr S20 hs bo ete he, 588 248,724 423 580 205,900 355 520 232,215 447 
Northumberland........ 538 238,872} 444 olg 292,536} 408 498 215,747} 433 
Prince Edward ........ 313 125,200} 400 288 109,440}  38C 160 49,063] 307 
Totals .... an 7,389] 3,284,928 445 6,535] 2,629,221 402 5,451] 2,407,655 442 
Lennox and Addington... 196 67,228 348 167 45,925 275 130 44,632 343 
peontenee ON Late et oh 127,086 th 237 ae 369 193 69,955 362 
COGS Me, err tk Oe Ben 39 169,455 42 509 163,898 322 9 

Grenvillest cy. 178| 73,602 414 1141 48,450] 495 } 292) 117,122) 401 
TUNG AS Hee dS ee 263) 128,081 487 145 61,625 425 125 53,889 431 
SLorMont en tee toes 201) 77,988 388 178 55,180} 310 58 21,067| 363 
Glengarry 4.0.22 eee: 261! 135,198 518 158 56,564 358 94 36,724 391 
Ee PeRGOtG Sen SRS acre hes. 132 52,272 396 76 20,748 273 87 31,438] 361 
UAGN LTE) Ei enn A gee, IE 583 228,536 392 141 74,025 525 137 53, 867 393 
Garleton 44 vse. Pete 926 353,732! 382 728 262,808 361 596 221,481 372 
DUOUITEW treehouse: 257 108,197 421 148 74,000 500 130 49,212 379 
BDArR Opes rite Ae kl, 286 136,708 478 261 94,221 361 177| 71,778 406 
Totals feet Lene x el 1,658,173 411 2,862) 1,044,897 365 2,019 771,165 382 
WACEOTIALCG TS Gta stink ee: 1,284 586,788 457| — 1,279 501,368 392 fs 329,669 468 
Peterborough .......... 517 210,419 407 422 150, 232 356 341 1380, 147 382 
Haliburton’ 2.22 4202. 35 it Data} ee yd § 19 4,750} 250 10 3,397} 340 
PIASEINGH Grid. its ce eee 764 314,004 411 487 194,800, 400 486 174,749 360 
Rothls:  soshe fessor 2,600} 1,122,446} 432 2,207 851,150; 386 1,542 637,962} 414 
Muaskola tie he. sce 40 11,760} 294 61 1637 70|° = *275 50 13371119 2274 
Parry Sound.....:...... 23 6,900} 300 35 14,875| . 425 14 4,620} 330 
UVIpIseing mene. cet oe 19 6, m7 367 2 800} 400 2 888} 444 
POM ACS ee eeey oe 70 21,000 300 48 21,600, 450 27 8,813 326 
Totals is hele. Peo 152 46,633] 307 146 oa obs 370| 93 28,032} 301 
he Province .......... 34,383 | 15,961,502} 464] 27,670 11,532,127] am ee oa eee 438 


ee 


56 


eS 


SS ee nN ee ee ee ee ee eee 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36}. 


A, 1805 


pe ee he Ge mene ea Pe 


AREA AND PRODUCE-CARROTS. 


TABLE XX. Showing by County Municip 
in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the 


yield per acre. 


pi gees BAL ere 


1895. 


Counties. | 
Acres. 
BSG Xe ites «as ae aves teks 232 
AWenURER ee reget 246 
Pein fo cit te nas 2 423 
INOrLol iceman «acute chests ore 328 
aldimand sacs. sc ne | 149 
AV olland tit. .sacenbe. ered 83 
Totals fect sons tne? 1,461 
Jihenonteyat 1) dens Wl ocean 392 
PLUG ea eee one 409 
Bruce ..... Cea i Reg 398 
Totala..© sce. oy estes 7,199 
Greyites Sane n: fosces see 401 
SimCOGwene bere eee 615 
POtAl@iees sos .steins = | 1,016 
Middilesexna.. o255 60 972 
Oxford ges ere 372 
Brant ae ewes 231 
Perthieectenie fetes oe eae 329) 
Wellington .........--- 442 
WiaterloOmme.. occ ce 364! 
IDYbaza abo n 4 A ee koa e oe 169 
otalseemincise eee 2,879 
PNCOMN see, oie tet eitanele 218 
Went wots. sumac. tei 198 
Alaltont eos} ore basis 69 
meal aes Wickic ec cant tans 359 
Vr komen hie ee ere Sale ve 480 
Ontariouwrei a.ecls cles 140 
Wuriaicreen cect 230° 
Northumberland..... .. 388 
Prince Edward .... ... 115 
MTOUalS conic: couse we: 2,197 
Lennox and Addington.. 111 
Frontenac .... .....--- 169) 
TAGE eee tec eca retest ee eras 199 
irenville. coos cs 205 
TOUTE eats ed aise | 283 
PE TTNON ti wisli« SIS o 2) sles | 199 
Glengarry ......--- -:: | 265 
MP rORGOLta ERC lac Merete che Ree wa 
ABE lle ee ee ere oer 253 
ManrlatOrts v6 <iocvs «2 9 es 375 
Renfrew hee acy RA 184 
anarchist chee aie 211 
Potala helenae 2,581 
PI CEGTIO ee « cio kcak Ree sete pif 
Peterborough .........- 344 
Haliburton’:.: 2... .-.- 90 
Hastings. <2... .ls0%. 20+. 645 
ato ete a a aap a 1,306 
MMuskokameeme eee nse s 119 
Parry Sound ........--- 108 
Nipissing .........----: 18) 
Algoma... f2c5e- 66850 118 
MPatalacccmeeehiccss b cand 
The Province ...... ..- 


13,002 


Bushels. 


83,520 
96,924 
159,048 
112,832 
35,909 
28,469 
516,702 


170,520 
150,103 
106,664 
427,287 


123,508 
218,325 
341,833 


424,764 
136,152 
82,929 
114,163 
155,142 
141,232 
50,700 
1,105,082 


56,898 
78,408 
24,150! 

124,932 

167,520, 
51,240 
86,710 

118,728 
40,250 

748,836 


28,860 
43,771 
70,844 
70,110 

112,351 
63,083 

108,120 
46,101 

109,043 

123,000 
60,720 
79,336 

915,339 


72,867 
131,752 
22, 500 
193,500 
420,619 


33,677 
30,564 
4,500 
36,934 
105,675 


4,581,373 


Bush. 
per 
acre. 


360 
394 
376 
344 
241 
343 
354 


435 
367 
268 
356 


308 
355 
336 


341 
260 


352 


Acres. 


70 


271, 


310 
267 
51 

63 
1,032 
290 
461 


300 
1,051 


11,186 


| 


| 


1894, 


Bushels. 


——— 


16,030 
85,094 
141,360 
79,833 
10,863 
13,986 
347,) | 


107,590 
167,343 
102,900 
377,833 


142,639] 
246,085 
388,724| 


229,264 
143,990 
46,530 
82,415 
99,840 
116,160 
34,800 
752,999 | 


683,754 


27,750 
48,618 
51,336) 
69,552 
68,882 
41,870 
65,339 
19,272 
67,200 

107,869 
63,410 


75,670), 


utes 


168,544 
108,298 
5,520 
89,964 
372,326 


29,970 
35,350 

5,500 
15,750 
86,570 


3,716,140 


alities and groups of Counties the area and produce of 
yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-99 ; 


Carrots 
also the 


Yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-95, 
A ear ee 


Bush. 

per | Acres. 

acre. 
229 99) 
314 168: 
456 194 
299 177 
213 90 
992 81 
336 809 
371 233 
363 473 
343 306 
359) «1,012 
287 504 
395 567 
S471 1,071 
322 540 
385 334 
470: 190 
265 374 
320 314 
352| 320 
300 139 
334) 2,211 
210 124 
395 215 
371 109 
294 294 
391 613 
370 417 
360 423 
309 283 
236 67 
3401 2,545 
250 64 
333 168! 
24 
se \ 227 
341 117 
265 77 
293 90 
219 65 
420 164 
269 519 
373 135 
322 168! 
309| 1,794! 
368 i 
313! 373| 
240 26 | 
306 217 
332 901 
270 96 
350 54 
250 6 
23 47 
285 203 


39 10319 oe 


Bush 

Bushels. | per 
acre. 
27,125| 274 
62,201| 31 
68,428] 353 
53,267| 301 
23,104| 267 
93.5481 291 
247,673| 306 
73,692) 316 
181,074] 383 
103,610] 339 
358,376| 364 
180,976] 359 
206,409} 364 
387,385, 362 
183,738, 340 
133,220 399 
77,966| 410 
141,365| 378 
108,629] 346 
130,953} 409 
46,356] 333 
822,227| 372 
38,240| 308 
81,860| 381 
42°250| 388 
100,133) 341 
245,795} 401 
161,076] 386 
161,005} 381 
95,878} 339 
15,714} 285 
941,951| 370 
18,419] 288 
45,446} 271 
73,081, 322 
45,536. 389 
22,909 298 
97.149 302 
19,089} 294 
65,306] 340 
167,259} 322 
41,877| 310 
B7,320| 341 
573,891, 320 
104,827| 368 
127:976| 343 
7.401| 285 
63,589! 293 
303.7931 337 
27,437; 286 
15,458) 286 
1.412| 235 
12.525] 266 
56,832| 280 


ie ee irate bakes gs bo Se eS are 


5 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


AREA AND PRODUCE-—TURNIPS., 


TABLE XXI. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the area and produce 
of 'Turnips in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95; 
also the yield per acre. 


Yearly average for the 


1895, 1894, fourteen years 1882-95. 
Counties. Bush. | Bush Bush. 
per per per 
Acres. | Bushels. | nate Acres. | Bushels. Rae Acres. | Bushels. BE Ates 
HSsex tat. eos. 4s ; | 198 78,606 397 256 52,224 204 239) 67,651 283 
Ging char thant oe ht ees 308 111,496 362 649 211,574 326 370 127,679 345 
JEN Tat eg Sa AR a en A 610 256,810 421 746 308,844 414 417 156,156 374 
WNortolevee: vec, fe ae 2,203 870,185 395 1,941 789, 987 407 1,242 481,635 388 
Haldimand 2. i000 0. 6%. 224 65,632 293 102 22,134 217 128 37,605 294 
OV ellanday.nc!. Liber. fg 272 90,032 331 224 62,944 281 195 65,612 336 
Motals tf. ws A vere 3,815] 1,472,761 386 3,918} 1,447, ial 369 2,591 936,338 361 
iawibboiee A eis eee 514 244,150 475 574 211,232 368 399 136,977 343 
Huron wate cae ee 9,138) 3,682,614! 403} 8,383] 3,336,434, 398] 7,232] 2,954,299| 409 
Brice eee 8,776] 3,361,208] 383| _ 8,243} 3,519,761| 427| —6,437| 2,683,396] 417 
SDOtAIG mer aane in oe 18,428] 7,287,972| 395] 17,200 7,067,427| 411] 14,068 5,774,595 410 
CPG Vea aa ae: oH 11,808} 4,581,504 388) 12,823 5,449,775 425 9,871 4,074,137 413 
miNOQe aes. het 7,214] 38,607,000) 500 6,408] 3,242,448] 506 4,337| 1,909,473} 440 
Potala eit le ata | 19,022) 8,188,504] 430) 19,231) 8,692,293] 452} 14,208] 5,983,610) 421 
Middlesex) 2. oa © 2,599} 1,099,377] 423 2,507 952,660} 380 1,923 737,014) 383 
Oxford reno ce tye 8,363; 3,905,621} 467 7,898) 3,451,426] 437 6,025] 2,707,295! 449 
SEAN Gate ie nik Vath 4,546] 1,822,946 401 4,163] 2,044,033 491 3,140! 1,438,272 4E8 
Berbhoge ees ees oes 5,423} 2,429,504 448 6,591; 2,306,850 350 5,024} 2,043,198 407 
Wellington ............ 14,975) 6,094,825 407; 15,868 6,918,448 436] 13,469) 6,911,815 439 
Waterloo: 201 Fire ¥ 5,708} 1,928,596} 337 5,884; 2,194,732] 373 5,291] 2,169,195} 410 
Dufleriate, tac he eon 4,135] 1,988,935} 481 3,802} 1,767,930] 465 2,792| 1,186,008] 425 
Mobalais (wen saa a. 45,749) 19,264,704; 421] 46,713 19,636,079] 420] 37,664| 16,192,797} 430 
iineolueess. 72.0.0. a 482 153,758! 319 344 108,016} 314 268 94,268] 352 
Wentworth ............ 4,036} 1,642,652! 407 4,039] 1,643,873} 407 2,776| 1,285,422] 463 
Halton). 8 8 ay 2,625 989,625 3877 2,361 989, 259 419 1,889 832,168 441 
Reel ie cee a 2,347 880,125} 375 2,219 918,666] 414 1,572 630,454| 401 
BUOT Irae LRA OnE os 7,049] 2,875,992} 408 6,35 2,993, 205| 471 4,161! 1,739,189} 418 — 
Ontario ono ho 13,636] 5,918,024 434) 14,094] 6,116,796 434; 12,598] 5,475,553 435 
PUR aa ieee yes He ee 7,690] 3,745,030] 487 6,508} 2,759,392) 424 5,655] 2,663,541 453 
Northumberland....__.. 5,822) 2,398,664] 412/ 4,778] 1,949,424] 408] 3,738] 1,539,189| 412 
Prince Edward ........ 317 134, 725 425 143 47,476 Bon 128 36,439 285 
otalgiase. © uate ss 44,004} 18,738,595 426) 40,841 17,526, 107 429) 32,785 14,196,216) 433 
Jiennox and Addington . 202 48,884 242 274: 34,250 126 164 40,757 249 
Patna BO PCa hoa Tae bea 399 139,650 350 624 224,640 360 411 126,630 308 
JOCOIS Mins. tue ere ci ele cue Co: 635 262,890 414 447 136,782 306 
Grenville, kee; cA 250| 106,250] 425] 1591 66-621] 419 \ 377/  139,916) 371 
DRASe eee 132) 65,340 495 278 113,702 409 87 31,544 363 
Stormontunuc Pes. 161 51,520} 320 152 47,880} 315 93 26,462| 285 
SSIONGALTY.. toad. tee 181 92,310 510! 283 118,577 419 93 39,173 421 
IBTERCOLD 2ag Sa. Oe: 265 147,870 558 369 105,165 285 163 62,210 382 
RUASel bg enc yl) cyt? 381 162,687 427 738 341,694 463 409 176,584 432 
Warloton men? pase 1,916 749,156] 391 2,254 852,012 378 1,671 620,846 372 
Renfrew '........, NS 985 475,755 483 521 163,594 314 657 232,080 353 
Drarraxieess pee tn SS 992 477,152) 481 861| 327,180] 380 n88) 227,909} 388 
Dyes ele orae 9k hb SNE Fe 6,499] 2,779,464 428 6,960 Boaz 07T) 364 ne 1,724,111 366 
VAGLOTIA Se oe Rta OL. 5,543} 2,161,770} 390 5,434' 2,140,996} 394 3,840. 1,517,956! 395 
Peterborough ....... .. 3,031! 1,354,857] 447 2,392' 940,056! 393 1,689 672,927| 398 
Liaiiburton sas. 425 108,375 255 343 78,547) 229 316 89,370 283 
Piaatings cacncee eo. 2,410} 1,115,830] 463 1,911 728,091; 381 1,145 393,318] 344 
MGtale he Sakon ae 11,409) 4,740,832} 416] 10,080 3,887,690) si) 6,990} 2,673,571 382 
Muaskoks ®ve 785! 239,425 305 841 280,053 333 | 930 298,028 320 
Parry sounds}. f 1,110 411,810 371 941 284,182 302 768 242,329 316 
INIDISSID peers ste eS 14u 49,000' 350 173 69,200; 400 74 25,163 340 
AIFOMa +2 ee oe), nue: 845 323,635 383 759 271,722 358 575 204,741 356 
Lobale saga eet 2,880) 1,023,870} 3561 2,714 905,157| 334 2,347 770,261} 328 


Phe, Province. + 8,2. scot pater 68,496,702 a 147,657 ae netd 418} 115,366] 48,251,499} 418 


Na ie VOTE ae Ue ae a 
58 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


oS 


RATIOS OF AVERAGE PRODUCTION. 


TaBpiEe XXII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the per cent. ratios of total 
yields in 1895 to average of total yields for the fourteen years 1882-95. 


$ 3 | Be 

a 3 é a Bities Sl ag PALES 
Counties. ets epee sma isi Tylb Bs |oreelslen |. Schoey iene 
= 4 om ma o tor) (=) I Sa 
nee alee ye) |) SS beg bes ie Bl Rte ba 

ca ie patmeea puna | Ay eas [veg | ete o| a|& 
SES OX E teh ited ciate) hares ele iejere « 89 26 | 122 | 174 | 267 | 127 85 | 106 | 145 | 230 | 308 | 116 v5) 
SOT Gare reth ei eve terete secre aes cls 86 26 | 150 | 140 | 234 34 93 | 268 | 141 | 207 | 186 87 60 
BRE Tee ols Oates 4 im aes gi dss 9 74 7 | 152 | 127 | 246 62 | 158 | 371 | 195 | 250 | 232 | 164 39 
Gis tale 1 SA Ane an ie ORO 54 3 48 | 111 | 153 56 | 177 | 173 | 158 | 216 | 212 | 181 21 
STAI ILANIG TS. cook aes wee is sg | 13 | 42 | 133 | 110 | 101 | 138 | 115 | 122 | 189 | 155 | 175 | 37 
POLL AICE eke Hoss akin s/f sie wb ole 69 g | 181} 140 | 219 | 126 | 129 | 200 | 169 | 107 | 121 | 187 | 57 
Greate... eee 78 | 17 | 91 | 140 | 187] 74 | 147 | 267 | 157 | 208 | 209 | 157 | 49 
BETO UOT as iss Sear cer caret aoe 109 | 20 | 103 | 186 | 405 | 107 | 141 | 479 196: | 256), 231) 1.178%) 2 be 
LOCO seis ok ieteras ecto sete 78 22 | “92 | 159 | 198 | 123 | 102 | 162 | 142 | 181 83 | 125 36 
BBruGeies cee isis eat ale akakeleteuees 62 40 69 | 148 | 156 | 122 97 | 228 | 141 | 167 | 103 | 125 32 
Groupeiscsasecsa 81 29 $8 | 162 | 240 | 121 | 118 | 398 | 153 | 191 | 119 | 126 38 
Grey eso. te eG gees 76 | 38 | 76 | 136 | 77 | 102 | 268 | 304 | 126 | 140| 68] 112| 30 
Simcog-a. tee sck wateiose ces 110 | 44 | 144 | 172 | 125 | 164 | 489 | 494 | 200 | 126 | 106 | 189 | 67 
FOUD Ce Hiren cae ois 100 | 41 | 118 | 152 | 116 | 130 | 428 | 403 | 165 | 181 | 88 | 137) 45 
Jel BYo (BUG CORDES ceanocanoon 91 8 | 158 | 144 | 466 78 | 228 | 624 | 215 | 209 | 231 | 149 46 
Oxford Meena Maisie ott sioieia «cccr 71 13 83 | 137 | 246 97 | 215 | 105 | 155 | 146 | 102 | 144 44 
MPANE ON, te wo ok eo baa 47 71 471110 | 342 | 97 | 191 | 111 | 182 | 122 | 106 | 127 | 23 
iREVTI A. oe WES ae Carnes He eines 87 32 | 117 | 163 | 454 | 136 | 140 | 360 | 183 | 188 81 | 119 43 
Wellingtons 26. ciaee sce wees 50 | 79} 78 | 146 | 242 | 104 ; 293 | 105 | 181 | 166 | 143 | 103 | 43 
iWriaterloOms ices. scenes (es 64 13 74 | 125 | 312 | 114 | 27 | 338 | 154 | 108 | 108 89 27 
Dufferin ..... Me ete 61 | 73 | 103 | 160 | 442 | 125 | 487 | 235 | 179 | 167 | 109 | 168 | 42 
CTROUD Si tiesn ca wac's ° 74 | 5L| 91 | 145 | 337 | 109 | 226 | 379 | 178 | 171 | 184 | 119 | 41 
MUEINCOUN aie hace ib cate ol dae. 73 |} 291 21 | 120 | 288 | 119 | 52 | 165 | 181 | 124 | 149 | 163 | 46 
Wentworth .......... -. .. | 77 | 12] 40 | 124 | 242 | 107 | 98 | 100 | 133 167 | 96 | 128 28 
BLUR fy Sed eee, Ome 92 | 16 | 53 | 126 | 203 | 117 | 193 | 318 | 159 | 159 | 67 119 | 35 
ISG co, ta teuwchad news "1 73 | 351 68 | 127 | 104 | 118 | 109 | 116 | 178 | 183 | 125 | 140 28 
BVFON Ka reso ters rele.s tieis'el srerers.ele 74 49 55 | 127 | 116 | 131 | 429 | 266 | 204 | 123 68 | 165 54 
OPA ESTIOR ohiie ds Fess pole wie cisseees 92 41 | 62 | 134 | 209 93 | 329 | 226 | 203 | 127 32 | 108 62 
BESEN ALIS Sees cee me eos setts 133 | 32, 52 | 180 | 171 | 125 | 232 | 199 | 150 | 107 | 54 | 146 | 57 
Northnmberland ............ 86 41 28 | 136 97 | 121 | 182 | 305 | 151 | 111 | 124 | 156 | 57 
Prince Edward) -.i..6-...2. | 108 28 49 | 119 86 | 117 92 | 125 | 130 | 255 | 256 | 370 29 
CrYOU Divs Sots cise vera 81 38 52 | 128 | 129 , 117 | 174 220 | 172 | 136 79 | 132 | 46 

° 

Lennox and Addington..... 104} 65 | 4% | 121 | 72 | 107 | 182 | 170 | 132 | 151 | 157 | 120 | 49 
ISFONGENAC eae ace cet erate ne 54 61 27 | 125 49 94 78 73 | 130 | 182 96 | 110; 61 
Leeds and Grenville... ...| 60] 48 69 99 75 81 | 149 | 107 | 160 | 208 | 193 | 264 51l 
IDLER ate RS» ye Sete Saou eata 41 56 40 | 101 89 92 | 102 | 125 | 140 | 238 | 247 | 207 | 102 
ELE MIN OVID eerie ok mites se els 60 | 43 | 971 99| 571) 87 | 108 | 105 | 181 | 370 | 275 | 195 | 100 
GIGNPAITY 2. o's. ow eee co ecie 23 57 | 120 | 107 40 64 | 161 | 146 | 140 | 368 | 398 | 236 | 109: 
PeROSGOUt A ee ok cieteveters sieatte hem 74 56 Op aH | asa b 44 | 124 69 | 153 | 166 | 242 | 238 | 110 
FRR UISS OL Uetercrars te cie Pe cicte tole wile efajake 26 24 | 118 | 143 46 60 | 156 | 112 | 168 | 424 | 195 92 | 156 
WSZriQuol ae, secs vives kes ue 22 47 93 ! 127 41 83 | 164 | 166 | 122 | 160 74 | 121 | 128 
VOIR G WINE | ition ssiaterarsiesie erste 45 84 1.69) | 117 61 97 | 176 99 | 115 | 220 | 145 | 205 | 121 
aR INAY MMR aioe Clcisialsye-otece 6 eho 87 70 99 | 122 56 93 93 7 | 180 | 190 | 138 | 209 83 
ES LOUD mos oescie he De tes 67 60 59 | 117 60 87 | 129 | 111 | 136 | 215 | 159 | 161 90 
PVCOTIA ests 2 fics sled scorn vie -.,| 681 89} 69 | 161 | 93 | 112 | 217 317 | 147 | 178 | 70 | 1421 78 
Peterborough .... ., «5-+. 66 38 43 | 120 96 98 | 264 | 131 | 175 | 162 | 103 | 201 36 
EPalipurtony Sete s suisse 6 beso 107 60 73 | 104 | 121 98 | 224 | 160 | 164 | 331 | 304 | 121 70 
PUGRULU GS. oe sn yin vine oiss s > 78 46; 41 | 114 66 | 113 | 126 | 272 | 126 | 180 | 304 | 284 53 
BORE rere side ls sijstaennse 71 40 53 | 133 75 | 108 | 172 | 251 | 145 | 176 | 138 | 177 56 
INVER Oa cel nes pisces sarees 30 38 | 126 | 122 49 | 114 76 49 | 113 | 86 | 123 80 67 
Parry Sound 2... .%.....: a lh e791 228), 94°| 167 | 28 \-182 | 220 | 123.) 187 | 149 | 198 | 170 78 
Nipissid gy 226 essa wns ees 376 | 298 | 190 | 332 | 176 | 330 | 324 72 | 370 | 785 | 319 | 195 | 233 
PISOMA Ms 2s ae rents sche on 8 119 44 | 110 | 161 | 148 | 144 | 171 | 190 | 143 | 238 | 295 158 93 
(STOUD ss Soa ch aean © 112 45 1112 |.155 70 | 150 | 144 | 101 | 161 | 166 | 186 | 133 85 
Pia PPOVINCO nk 7 ctas-ole tls oes i | 45 TL 8138 | 120 | 110 | 160 | 255 | 158 | 170 | 124 | 132 57 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Nc. 36). A.1896 


RATIOS OF AVEREAGE YIELDS PER ACRE. 


TABLE XXIII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the per cent. ratios of 
average yields per acre in 1895 to average yields per acre for fourteen years 1882-95. 


eS 4 
3 ce 3 : e 4 
< a aes a aD econ peer anti a hast 
Counties. ee oP ct ; Sy fe | £ fo & ° = a5 
js] ze ic Pe) o s (S) 3 is - & s uy RO 
B oy aS & Pm ) = ) iS) Cy fr} cs 
m | © PO Con.| eA |e Oo eee eee aa hes o| ala 
RRO Kee eek eee eee 116 | 118 } 114 | 123 : 103 | 121 | 104 | 104 | 124 | 108 | 181 | 140 69 
Orbit. Oaaie ce Sete ce 98 | 109 | 120 | 109 98 | 101 | 104 | 129 | 125 | 113 | 127 | 105 63 
UES a Malolos hone ate vk 88 93 | 109 | 102 | 106 | 106 | 106 | 110 | 143 | 109 } 106 | 113 41 
IN OPIOLKED Oe. dee co ees 56 87 89 | 100 91 86 | 113 | 130 | 134 | 124 | 114 | 102 26 
Efaldimand. 447 ec oo. ; 88 91 | 100 | 112 90 95 | 143 87 | 121 95 94 | 100/ 35 
Wielands: nce ars Atel ke 86 59 94 | 121 96 | 101 | 109 | 121 | 129 | 101 | 118 99 52 
Group. ire caste 89 | 103 | 116 | 112 99 97 | 111 | 126 | 180 | 11 116 | 107 49 
| 
ambtone: (eae ett 105 Ob7 A240 eb23 4) 120 4} 111 | 119 | 159 | 182 | 138 | 138 47 
Flr eee Suis. sk, 5 oie 110 | 113 | 102.| 106 | 99 DaHLOg, 86 | 135 | 109 96 99 35 
Brucongue hho eet leis 95 | 115 97 | 104 91 | 101 | 121 | 106 | 126 97 79 92 30 
Groupes OMe ee 104 | 112 | 106 | 110 | 106 | 103 | 112 | 114 | 137 | 111 | 101 96 36 
' | 
Crevice <6 eee aes as 97 | 109 96 98 86 OL OSM A2 heLos 90 | 86 94 28 
MLM GOGO Wat ote ate Ley y tied 133 | 115 | 119 | 118 | 100 | 106 | 121 | 116 | 151 | 116 98 | 114 62 
APOUD. see sic Meet 123 | 112°} 113 | 107 98 | 100 | 120 | 115 | 140 | 103 93 | 102 43 
NGA CLeNOX Sees 5 beer te sien 106 | 115 | 116 | 116 ; 106 | 122 | 112 | 120 | 159 | 119 | 129 | 110 | 46 
Oxtordiaee sae tel Sir a ee fo 76 92 | 101 | 108 | 101 | 111 | 119 94 | 189 | 105 92 | 1041 46 
Par. ones wen cca e kee faces 59 81 71 92 | 101 82 83 | 116 | 114 82 88 88 | 26 
Rerth esos Segre ae sen tase 104 | 133 | 111 | 110 | 128 | 123 97 93 | 159 | 110 92 |} 110 |. 39 
Weellinpton isis F050. ee 86 | 108 89 | 97 | 91 | 104 | 128 | 185 | 187 | 101 ' 101 93 39 
PVALEIOO tate heed 71 | 116 83 92 94 97 87 | 146 | 129 89 | 95 82 | 29 
Dutterin $5 Aes VA eee 104 | 122 98 97 | 111 90 | 128 | 105 | 112 | 122 90 | 113 40 
Group.) 4.70 eae 88 | 114 | 96 | 103 | 104 | 106 | 109 | 122 | 138 | 107 | 103 | 98 40 
incolhy ts Het owe wasen ek 93 | 124 98 | 102 | 111 | 100 | 102 92 | 126 | 109 85 91 45 
Wentworth @2.. 0006.0. 2368.5 ' 80 75 91 | 105 | 107 91 87 | 110 | 110 |} 107 | 104 88 31 
alton Sete. adeno ies 89 | 83 89 ; 100 | 105 | 104 | 116 | 115 | 134 91 90 =|) 285 37 
| aa) Neapigt R ADEE HS: 83 98 80 | 91 (ae 95 | 188 | 118 | 184 | 115 | 102 94 29 
BORK) sense Sima W were es 97 93 84 94 | 108 | 104 | 116 80 | 156 95 87 98 51 
Ontario eae ea fe See 99 85 89 98 96 82 | 111 | 114 | 189 | 103 95 | 100 55 
Darhata se Teles are aes 100 92 85 | 101 94 88 | 107 | 112 | 125 95 99 | 108 52 
Northumberland............ 105 99 89 | 100 | 100 78 89 | 110 | 124 | 103 90 | 100 53 
Prince Edward..... .. ... 114 99 98 | 102 | 106 79 82 65 | 128 | 180 | 149 | 149 28 
Grotipe. ae ae 91 92 | 88 98 | 102 , 90 | 971 99 | 1385 | 101 | 92 98 45 
Lennox and Addington...... 104 | 97/102 | 94 | 98 92 | 105 | 123 | 1384 | 100 | 90] 97 43 
Wrontenacy occ! kel Pee 122 | 105 98 | 100 | 105 89 92 | 67 | 129 99 96 | 114 58 
Leeds and Grenville ...... | 119 | 101 94 86 91 89 | 111 81 | 154 | 106 | 108 | 112 52 
TUR CAR we dee hotles ek 146 | 111 98 99 | 102 | 107 95 OT ALISS: (LISsio1 02a 1e6 94 
MLGTINONG Ua ear oe tan 109 | 116 98 99 61 | 106 | 107 | 90] 138 | 107 | 106 | 112 87 
Glengarry 62.06 eee 154 | 107 | 117 | 110 | 162 | 111 | 127 | 102 | 143 | 182 | 185 | 121 92 
ETEBCOLGEINES ait bee ok ee 189 eV lO SOSA Li4s canoe 2D ed 7. 88 | 146 | 110 | 123 | 146 84 
imselive yc i MeL Be 2 L657 21254) 430215125" (A214 65 33 168 4) 1608197 99h aay 
Carietonc. fie. ane dee 148 | 101 99 | 105 96 | 107 | 117 | 108 | 119 | 103 | 102 | 105 | 105 
WRONIre Winn WO Sule-s co here elke La 113 99 92 | 98 94. 86 | 101 81 | 101 | 111 | 106 | 137 | 105 
MAAN ALIE Is wrun S ive is 130 | 104 | 107 | 112 97 87 | 126 99 | 188 | 118 | 110 | 124! 75 
(STOW Gs there cu ok 120 | 103 | 104 | 102 95 94 | 111 Looe TS Ibe yh IE |) aber if 
Wetoriaa tty. Saree tee 112 | 100 100 | 109 75 83 | 121 87 | 142 | 98 87 99 65 
Peterborough i. Fh ee. sas ed 95 80 82 | 84 94 72 | 108 ¥0%je134 >) 107 5] 1125) 119 36 
Halburton esse f.4 os eee 11S 93 92 |; 102 | 88 88 | 114] 81 | 141 94 88 90 6L 
Tastingsciscp eu cc peo eek 96 92 90 | 92 94 88 92 | 116 | 117 ! 114 | 102 | 135 48 
FOUP Soha se eles 99 91 95 98 92 | 81} 102 | 101 | 130 | 104 96 | 109! 50 
Dinskolkaw.), 205 08.0 het tee « EOS | 92 | 103 | 108 99 | 100 93 58 | 108 | 107 99 95 60 
Parry So0nd i)... Feeet tees 121 | 91 | 103 98 81 | 100 | 129 69 | 122 91 99 | 117 50 
Nipissing eh. eos. ene oe tee 119 | 126 | 109 | 109 85 | 110 | 114 79 | 120 83 | 1€6 ' 103 8&8 
IPO AYe edie ent ene 100 88 98 96 | 120 92 | 100 | 100 98 92 | 118 | 108 59 
Groupe sue. OA ce 103 93 | 102 | 102 | 101 97 | 105 79 | 112 | 102 | 104 | 109 60 
he Province ts... se cee 95 | 102 99 | 104 99 | 97 | 104 | 118 | 134 | 106 | 101 | 100 53 
| 


60 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


pie te ee Ee ee ee 


ACREAGE UNDER CROP: ALSO PASTURE AND ORCHARD. 


TiapiLeE X XIV. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties in Ontario, the total area 
under crop enumerated in tables VII[-X XI for the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for 
the fourteen years 1882-95; also the area in Pasture and in Orchard and Garden for the same period. 


eee kee ee ee 


Acres under crop. Pasture, ! *Orchard and Garden. 
Counties. 
1895, | 1894. | 1882-95. 1895. 1894. 1895. | 1894. | 1882-95. 
acres. acres. acres, acres. | acres. acres.| acres.| acres. 

1 OE CES eee See les ogee 184,135 177,807 | 154,597 36,368 32,780 7,512 7,045 6,358 
TRG) oe Cad Cee 252, 127 249, 463 221,630 53,950 50,931 8,581 8,928 8,008 
ANG Malis ae dle wists risers: 199,988 188,355 173,390 68,924 67,021 7,614 7,689 7,168 
BUS TEC Lee yeaa < Pages <ie yea" 163,991 162,569 157,625 40,506 37,012 6,983 6,692 7,487 
Haldimand .......... 146,224 150,198 144,225 34,952 31,045 4,735 4,785| 4,678 
WVGIIATIO Yic cc esck: ort s « 120,265} 118,905 112,226 26,481 28,741 6,776 6,688 6,790 
DOUALS c..0 vis ht tte 1,057,730} 1,047,297 963,693 261,181 247,530} 42,201) 41,727; 40,369 
Pambson. 220202... 228,887 209,931 186,411 86,137 90,879 7,956 7,596 6,710 
Ebarcmiiy cise’ ivy sass 370,921 353,888 342,188 154,769 148,995} 10,029 9,892 8,819 
PSLUGO eres yy dates. 309, 454) 309,605 285,199 133,155 129,304 6,099 oo 5,830 
TP OPAlSc A einen es 909,262 873,424 813,798, 373,061 369,178, 24,084 23,401) 21,359 
reyes os sis a ts he ee 393,626 389, 465 365,974 156,008 152,182 Jeol 7,313 7,263 
SSEMNCOOA wioa:> stas’s See 379,790 368,719 326,178 79,594 81,753 5,561 5,688 4,957 
Potals i. scenes sa 773,416 758,184 692,152 235,602 233,935| 13,455} 13,001; 12,220 
Middlesex scc0.. 0. 200's2 335,288 323,190 310, 253 167,710 172,495) 10,301 9,769, 10,342 
Mes tords Sos. is Pes 236,231 234,104 221,248 86,040 85,782 8,171 8,365) 8,293 
Bran a. eaten sie Mrs ee 121,405 122,577 121,084 27,338 25,413 3,847 3,751 4,233 
Perther ccs coke ste es 276,401 259,884 240,845 84,715 88,194 4,787 5,082 4,882 
Wellington ........2<.: 343,315 325,559 302,423 84,649 82,114 4,976| 5,329 4,895 
ENV AbCEIOOnea ts Marat asad 6 178,766 179,405 169, 282 31,398 27,719 4,925 4,957 5,124 
VU heis) 9 5 Roe ie 160,441 149,637 132,720 36,554 38,085 1,487 1,478 1,488 
ET OCALG esc eee « 1,651,847 na 1,497,855 518,394 519,802) 38,444 | 88,731| 39,257 
PADCCI Bo helsie'n a's coe. oe 102, 422 102,032 102,036 25,192 22,269} 10,685) 10,050 8,522 
Wentworth..... ....- 145,388) 145,578 | 144,138 35,063 86,297; 10,112 9,861 9,255 
lalbomiee eso. + samo 53's 111,392 108,807 108,356 33,921 82,650 6.21217 4b, LEE 4,924 
| ESO Sh a 170,486 169,742 166,066 39,389 40,576 4,575 4,586 4,307 
BV OLIMAR: 7 Aisle ¢ 50 00 $19,431 322,091 305,871 53,231 55,424 6,682 6,419 7,272 
MOTCALIOM te ed oh siete S 262,459 261,824 250,975 57,777 56,137 5,596) 5,429 5,325 
yrs sista ns 211,441 216,355; 205,657 46,112 44,246 3,852 3,792 3,721 
Northumberland...... 228,183 229,865 220,949 62,625 64,747 7,172 7,233 6,635 
Prince Edward ....... 125,560 131,424; 130,859 38,566 35,879 5,838} 5,683 5,981 
STN CR eae as age 1,676,762| 1,687,718] 1,634,907 391,876 388,225} 59,724 58, an 55,942 
Lennox & Addington . 140, 862 144,532 139,901 51,897 657,478 3,080, 2,442 2,766 
Frontemac..........-. 139, 966 140,554 140,832, 69,314 66,594: 2,063 1,997 2,127 
Pts Ca ee 151,244 152,852| | 94, 989 { 89,317 93,588 2,010 2,191 } 2.970 

Grenville ...........-. 101,364 94,908 5 50,505 54,227 589) 609 : 
PIGUURA LT os bees ooo ae 90,925 97.209 87,649 38,324 38,983 1,546 1,152 1,222 
SVEAPIOION Uitte fils & nisuelals « 79,868 75,975 74,774 38,072 41,317 988 871 909 
Glengarry ...... eee 99,448 104,108) 91,092 47,760| 45,895} , 652 606; 597 
Prescott........ --++: 99,312 100,352 90, 409 39,056 40,648 304 269 283 
UATE eae ee 59,035 59,779 52,212! 19,600 21,824 190 177 152 
CATIGDONS « sic see. WE Ae 203,883 207,222 188,995 79,520 74,936 748 828 599 
FLOOSLOWE- ace suelo oes 189,465 193,551 171,181 70,820 69,068 503 530 485 
Tianarke 2s. <% -.< he 156,121 163,123 150,480 110,990 106, 484 946 809 1,026 
Tptals 2) eect oc: .| 1,511,493] 1,529,255) 1,429,507 705,175 711,042} 13,619) 12,481) 13,135 
WIS bOTIM as dm +s rvea'es 191,644 200,788 179,152 47,279 45,102 1,811 2,138 1,804 
Peterborough ........ 151,872 148,858 144,517 53,843 50,655 2,040 2,161 1,957 
Hialitourton) to...) 23,592 24,506 21,305 7,884 7,018 181 163 112 
LZ het ¢: eee eee ee ee 229,919 222,102 222,854 100,853 98, 204 5,895 5,978 5,450 
PO GiIE ao aay ote tse 597,027 596,254 567,828 209, 859 200,979 9,877; 10, A 9,323 
Muskoka i.) 623... 2s). 42,953} 41,929; 39,386 10,946 10,600 433 385 382 
Parry Sound ......... 40,707; 39,896| 26,756) 10,196! 10,087 222}  283| 73 
Wigiaeinigeeeee doses 5% 12,475 12,634 4,500 2.520) 1,848 18| 10 4 
Alvoma ss os cess anes ss 47,501 46, 206 33,847 9,845 10,063 537| 386 232 
Motale:. scar uae oe « | 143,636 140,665 104, 489} oo 32,550 1,210 1,064 691 
The Province ........ | &,321,173| 8,227,153 704,229 ME A 2, 708,241 202,614] 198,968] 192,296 


*Statistics of orchard are taken from the municipal assessors’ returns. 


A. 1896 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


59 Victoria, 


RATIOS OF AREAS UNDER CROP. 


y County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of acres under 


the various crops in Ontario in 1895, per 1,000 acres of cleared lana. 


Showing b 


OA Bow) kV. 


— —_— Ag ~_— —— a ee ee eee a ee ee 
MOMOBHOH ROSH ODHHWH SHHOSCSOAHRCHA MCHANKOMINW OMOHORHOANOtHHO BANS BOWMON © | 
. AROKAHD HBOtHH BON HAAN AHOHM HRMHANANRDANSOOR PROMNHDANeMWDORDH DOM WMIOeoO DB 
B[ejOL PAG OPO BAND Doe SIOwOTH OO WHOROTHDARS BOSASANASSS SAN MPwWOVBAS LSSSR FE ! 
rEHODOHOOO YHOH OCOrHD SHUDOKRKRE-SO OCOOODCOKPKRRDOWm OOD wowerooiono reo ad 
‘. SOHRROrT Mm COnIO~ DKND WONDUGUNOOD HEKGOSHOHDOSCHDN WMOKHDOHRHDOROAN THOOH MNMNMO AN 
SEG ped ee ee Aussi Sipe ee ee ee ne Re a ee eae Pe at pa wee gk) Te ee ee REL PO. Ee Ee 
DIQHRAHHDM NHIOM NHR ADHNDOHO ANDAHTWROMONM 
ODHODMHOH ODEDOH CHD BSOGOHDBSOSKLKR BBHOHLSEKH GHW GWHOANMAWCHNR OKHOFO OMAN S 
pave Avy BAER ANOM MMA ARR ARMA ARE A AAA MH ANAANMAGMAAIAN PHONN SOc ON 
d | DASHOOH OWHtReO ANQGD WAMWOMAMA SNOWKROKROKNRD BONTWONHHOHAGHNR NMOMMOM OCOAMOS N 
“sadn y, CM OAHAN FIONN BHD BWHOHABAH HHOBSOBENHH “ANH SHON THHNCN FOrANnnt A 
eae , ; aaa oma ANeEONae ae AON aes eee y CUP ry tee et es 
ARGH EROS AROHHO BHR KWPOMDOMWHN HAPMOAHONOGCA ONRKRASCHOKRHDONOKNHA ANOwQ TBAARDH SO 
"sgoatty | a a Cet : dod ant aon} aot UU BAA oR al vel Kee Candie Co ea = tesa} = Sc 
‘g[9Z10 GORRNOR OARH ON BHABOHHD MOSM MNHSOOKH RAROWHAROGORSORSOD ANOAR MHSOH 
-joSuR yt ARAN FW NOAM FH HOM OHTN tT HRMOMUOANAO uel orl B83 en Sa Ot Aaa = ae PITA Hono Bo de i) 
MORDMERHO ODMH AND KHOWWDHAMOWO0 OHXOMODOHVOQ PMOMOTNOLPSAMRA WMDOTM ARAANGDS BD 
*30998}0 | SOND OON CNDOD BOM Hotonstiot NP tN MOM ONN VREHNKHHSOKOGOS NOMS WH5ranst xi 
d SS ee ee FAN BS MENA SRN SORA RR RAR NA SGN SO Ne 
FAODNOO OTOH AEN ANDHOHAHHAR SOV NODGORM NOWAK tAtHQo ANDO MEIDHoO wo 
: MMOH OCD 0 ro) aoa oO wv oH ON SHANK TN FRAN NAAANNANN FO NNANN 19 
suvog se 4 ss 
i 
<a ASCHTROOQ HORA TOM MPECBOANHD HROWDOHUHARH KRHHDOONGOKEHAOAO CMARM OCRNAH BD 
COU SOE Ee eee ee areas eee pa aR rae er amen. SS eee gy py A eas a eee LEI Soo ected Eni en LOS ees 
Voy My a| CD ODO Kaa ON FASO AWD A OAD ANA OAWHIN BE SewVnonrohan yt We 2as S 
YT NARA ONN ORHOW HMM RANDODSCOKRO RAGBNMHTONATA SH GWHGAWMNMHAMNMOD AMACA ANWHMHO x 
° OBAOHNM KNRTOD AER BOOGKRHONAN SHOHKGAdHHH BHSECOMHGSONNHD OOhMAn WHMNtH © 
w10() HOeCSNES SAAN DOO DM BDHARHRAAMON BSBNOHOTAIANN WH ae me oo 
re y 
= a a ie Ph pe a ees ae Er ea ee ees en arn =iGN 
IDOOOHAMm WINN Bar HDOOGOARAKNM KBHKDHMAHOHT AODAAHRONWGAN AOKwMOD SMOHD H [eo 
HHROHNAD DHSS CBW BMRBBKNHKROD AGMHAHSMONAH SCHSAMABASOCSCOMOA HEeODN MAItowo xs 
“BBO MTRIRSR RES DOA ABOCOHK AGH BWOMHAANGAAD Oe Fa eat so GOST Cia 2109 OOO oe SEs Baie Ca Si 
Lo! es 
a ADMRONA CONDO ATO PONKROHHH OFRMKRDMH AQ SOMATA TOMERNDNDHO BoHtOD BNSSCS we 
aby | SCONOHRO MARA IDG  1IDRMHNORIOND OHOOMOANMED BMONEON AOTOM WMS ATtHO 
Son I alto) Cn lpceoe is cy, rae ee ee ee N re 4 aN — 2% Pathe be eS SEE pe PLS pee tare 
CGRAWMNSO AON AMO ANAM ONKRO BHOKAHKDOHK CPHAOMHHAARMHON THNONHH MOLD SO 
a SS Oe ers a oe e Cs 28 . Ln ee te he a ts ST Dopp hae hr aei nkee ke a +e HANK ONHKDONOKHO M10 HO 210 NDdeion = 
mwo| SHERSSS E25S La4 RENEERSS ESESKA Sage FEKSNSSESSLTA ESSTS FSSas sg 
CON — © OO t= 
Beaded ANAN NAN FHHANNAN PHA HANE A A PRR ANTANNANR ARH NARA AANA OA 
OMOAOMGH COROD ANG WRAOHAARN AAMMAERDOOR HOw OKROHHRTHEOR ODHOSCH MHS © 
. IDIOM ANMO ALMH WOOD CSHHNANSDHO HHtSODeKnsoshKN BOOM OATOONOVMAO AMOS A MAAN © 
Agpreg HANRKN BH HON ARH NHmowwSsioxn AVON SHBOS DAA AAAAN a RN MH me A 
"yoy | ROMARDH SWHD AHS SCOHWOAKNOHSAR GAAKRHOHONM AMIONABROHRHROMNDH HOHORH WHOKHD OS 
ieee 400 : in “onnda TH HOOONowsn COModnattonnSss HK6SH BDNHDSD Ww 
sutidg ase Te Ry a ee aay en ay aes ees oa et Ut aed pak UE ne Ci CO. GU get IUCN ert ata 
LHOREAS MOMMA ADN BOA AANOTH BAMA AOKRMOH ROONOANHMOOHH OMMOOD MrOONH 
: DPHWDGORR DODNHO SCHHt SHOUeHBHNG ASNXANDONG ANY Ae Foe HOH OD roocs 
OGM [Te DOABDOAN OMDB BOD AONGAHND SHOODONMOeNS ANAS 12 
wesoaneie — ra ane mt wee 
| Pepe ae Seat aes hate pea aie hate: pert aes er a yaaa Soe ee Setete seen a ogg ae ea ua ace Fee aR ea eee 5 
Eitan re eS - Menor SAIS Sie PORT eae ae ne ee Regs FOS ioe oth: cei) fh ares Ge phe GeO Sate caect : eit) Caatt ee ate neeee 2 
S- ep Le, he ous, ee 6 8 us, Ae Pr ee ee et er a ea oie eter a Con Plas PSs Sita Oye ore San earns Te, a . a “eo ° oi pee {ob} 
a oes aioe: z ae Ses x ieee ae: ae eto ete eee ies aoe oe aes ae “crs 
<ay'e Peas barr ee eri aoa bee et Sis "ie gee 9) Chas ie ren ye cai . ROSE SE ie i ge a oh es TE AE a DRS = hy a OF a 
| Sed 0 -oQ Grey; aC bieceaee = te oS enews [Oem Gi o- Dh al Sma taco . “2, Cah’ ue. 
3 Se eae ee es ee eon ee ae, 8 OU pane Sort oke 2 Te Sie See ae ee ee eee o coe sae 
3 Std ay Ga tehos Micten Mine ge ea Pats heed = pene ah foe og S we Sa BRB SEs SSHwMO MMARS OC 
5 i paid = Bh | a "OH Deg rape apree tapes aa oe o2,58 Som = Os & cop gdH OS a 
Ha O38 26 2h 25 maaPas oD eS) he So - ages VOH Sh Cita our Co id Po ié) Ay 
= SGmeee HS FS sosgeeet” SekaeStea” aSUSskesacea s8he- BEAm 
2 Oo 8 @ > ke | ima oO 5 Slee es oy = pa) yr OonoeSSrnraedse = O,8 8 Ciclo! a 
: i 
AMAZE Ge cf SomaeeQ SEManoazm amAoAnoamoeA Fak aaad «A 


ad os 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


er Ne ee ee 


ONTARIO vs. AMERICAN STATES. 


TaptuE XXVI. Acomparison of the average yield per acre of cereals in Ontario and the principal 
grain-growing states of the American Union and of Manitoba is presented in the following table for the 


ten years 1886-95, together with the annual average for the fourteen years 1882-95 : 


Peek ec Cor en 
| 


Aver- 
— 1895. | 1894. | 1893. | 1892. | 1891. | 1890. | 1889. | 1888. 1887. | 1886. | age 

| below 

ee = Ya | | 

| | 
Fall wheat. Bush .|Bush.|Bush. Bush .|Bush.|Bush.|Bush.|Bush.|Bush.|Bush.| Bush. 
GRTETION he eed 19.0 (21.2 {19.2 [21.2 [25.7 |19.8 |15 8 |16.7 |16.1 [20.4 | 20.1 
ING WaW OPK 22 sche Gat ase Sere 18 1 | 14.8 | 14.5.| 16.2 | 16.6 | 14.5 | 18.8 | 14.1 | 15.2 16 3 15.1 
Pennsylvania: . oi) 2 dese es 16.6 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 14.6 | 15.6 | 12.0] 123)1351 9.7 | 12.7 ISe0 
CUTOR IE ro oc ek ae aia obtaeteras 13.3 | 19.0 | 14.5 | 18.6 | 17.1 | 12 5 ' 14.6 | 10.8 {| 13.1 15.0 13.9 
ME ICHIGOM Dee care nce Soa eter 13.2 | 15.8 | 13.2 | 14.7 | 18.8 | 13.5 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 13.3 | 16.0 15.2 
ENATANIA cou ot Ona ice ues Wa Sye los 14.15151407) | WSs fF Lee B48 7- 1054 13.52) 14.8 13.5 
ELTINOIS Lanter citi acces cre coreteere 11.0) 18.2 | 11.6 |°.16.2 | 18.0 9.8 | 160 | 13.7 | 15.2 | 13.7 13.7 
MiassOurTI Whe tee et ori 12.0 | 15.3 9.5.) 19.5 | 18.62(211.0-4 13.0°1-12:0 |-16.2 |. 13.2 12.1 
A TISASS ce biel eee ore seetetsvetatshareys 7.7 | 10.4 8.4 117.4 | 15.5 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 15.2 9.6 | 11.4 Se 
Gslifornia.: ..73./1 toe: TS) Oy 22871 41d.05) 10:0 1° 13.0 12.0 ' 13.3 | 12.1 | 11.0 | 11.6 12ho 
. | 
Spring wheat. | | | 

SLANIO Meas eae 15.5 |14.6 11.7 |12.7 |21.0 |12.8 |14.3 17.5 |11.6 |16.5 | 15.2 
AEA EEOD Stent ols ors ee Ose 3 O77 Bail GeO ulwlowo | 16.5.) 2573 °21-121.12.4 eee 97 EAB OM e202 
WAT SCOLIAITIN  citia © cobkcels Gia ets eres 16.5 1°16.5 (213.3 1111.5 1 338.5 | 12.2 Heb a say Ah AKO} ah ala ds’ 13.0 
Minnesota .....5.2..5. 23.0 | 13.5 9.6 | 11.6°| 17.6 | 12.2 | 14.6 9.0 | 11.6 | 14.0 13.6 
OWA MELe TB opaiueat eknaots.cie tare afane Nets TOU tt Speer Lieb 1by38 1S. alain 9.8 | 10.0 | 12.2 124 
ING braskawscue eases onere ears oh [a0 7.0 SET VAD hr | oF. 0:1 Oz Sk ka.0 9.3 LOS ee 0. 11.4 
Walkcotasies cies oe: tere a Rai 16.7 9.4 Oe ulei2eoeteloes 9.6 9.4 9,7-\-14.3 | 15 La 

Barley. | | 
OnCaTiOncis..« RTeaeial itd wales \25<3 ok 21.0 |:24.6 |29.2 |22.2 (26.7 [2a \22.3 26.5 25.0 
IVA TINGOMA ay rite t ake «slacker: Shan oteo | 22.1 | 29.0 | 35.6, | 32.1 | 13.6 | hed fal POOseo Ae oune DHbess: 
Newey Ork eases. - Sac secre caraxeds 93.9 | 17.5 | 20.3 |, 22.2 |. 23.3 | 16.7 21.1 | 21.8 | 20.3 | 22.0 SA Tf 
WVARGONBSIM ahs. claceieverocols avers urauss 99.3 | 28.6 | 24 0 | 25.5 | 26.5 | 22.7 | 24.5 92.5 | 18.5 | 22.0 | 24.2 
WitinnesOtar ts. fa0 ce bier ase: SB O10 9825) | 22.1) 1). 24°9 1727-3: | 2225) )-25.6 18.5 | 19.0 | 22.0 23 9 
TS PVR MRIS ta.ah sik Bik 27 oltss See, ahepeter a eres 98.0 | 15.5 | 22.6 | 21.1 | 27.3 | 22.6 99.4 | 21.0 | 19.0 | 22.5 29.2. 
NGG LIP ASICA: volaie tle ee lvahnere eters 28.4 6.7 1 19:50 | 22 2 1 2%,2- 1.17.3" 22-7 PAS | GALA | Se 0 20 8 
al tOLT Ae eel wots hates sates 90.3 | 15.2 | 22.5 | 24.0 | 23.7 | 22.3 | 20.3 20.0 | DAU RY NED 20.4 

Oats, | 

CONLETIO othe ne oekse teehee 35.7 |30.0 |30.3 |34.8 40.8 |28.0 133.5 |35.4 |29.6 |36.2 | 34.3 
ML eTITEOA. %, ois c-elorwss sade orale 46.7 | OR 8. 1.25.5 | ORO 48-50 Sho) |t LO. Sifs x tode | 46 2 | 20.9 35.5 
DOW VLOLKs nclatieile o Siren ele cate 31.7 | 22.1 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 31.5 | 17.8 | 24.5 28.1 | 23.5 | 28 7 PA fet 
Pennsylvania ..........---- 31.7 | 22.3 | 26.8 | 25.2 } 27.2 | 17.2 96.2 | 26.5 | 25.5 | 28.7 26.3 
OTT OM re oe a cuaiote se weleenetacere 31.7 | 30.3 | 28.6 | 26.3 | 31.3 | 18.0 32.3 | 831.8 | 30.0 | 32.4 | 29.9 
DEIGBIPAN Vit eet s ose 5 ani o 0's 23.9 | 26.1 | 26.0 | 28.7 | 32.5 | 26.6 33.7 | 33.2 | 29.6 | 29.5 30.3 
EEVGLURTI A hd Sate « obo ere snes 92.9 | 32.3 | 27.5 | 26.5.1 23.5 | 17 5 | 27.7 76.5 | D7 CAe380R4 26.8 
Tilimoistee a see foes etre g 94.4 | 36.1 | 27.2 | 26.3 | 36.2 | 21.0 87.5 | 35.8 | 29.5 | 31.8 ti ard 
WSS CONSING einiich ire sini alee ps 33.8 | 32.3 | 27.6 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 26 0! 35.5 | 29.4 | 24 2 | 28.4 30.6 
INTINTIGHOGA eek tasialerciaiele sit elenete 39.9 | 28.1 | 24.8 | 27.3 | 36.5 | 25.6 | 28.0 | 28.7 | 80.0 | 34.4 3b. 
TOWN ee i ekas a verhine are ate 46.2 | 25.6 | 24.8 | 25.4 | 36.7 | 25.8 84.5 | 26.2 | 30.5 | 34.1 31.8 
Misa OUTIL eee ole cists ase chers 27.7 | 93.8 | 23.4 | 20.0 | 23.8 | 17.4 Dr He eos Ae lecOou | sone 24.8 
FES YBAS Mave mere ei chaiale ih Beeiaxeve tate 17.9 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 28.5 | 80.0 24.0 | 3L.5 | 25.3 | 26.6 | 26.4 WH fees 
INODraek aotearoa ions _ | 93.8 | 12.6 | 15.0 | 26.7 | 35.5 | 21.3 | 31.6 25.8 ! 27.5 | 29.5 27 <2 


— 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


WHEAT CROPS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1880-1895. 


Average | Average | Average 


Years, Total pro- | Total area| Total value |value_ per| yield per | value per 
duction. | of crop. of crop. bushel. | acre, acre, 
LIAS Ep alam ad | at 
Bushels. Acres. $n Cents. |B Basho RS Cc. 

VSSQ pees its COP ees a ee tele wie tie 498,549,868] 37,986,717; 474,201, zl 95.1 13.1 12 48 
LSS Ure ee ye carlos Wale is 8'e 6 383, 280,090} 37,709,0-0 456, 880, 427 119.2 10.2 12 12 
18520e8.. > SES olin s alee oth OOS, LOS a KU ese, 00 LOS 444, 602, 125 88.2 13.6 11 99 
RSS Mamet) ae hese tele errras ioe ayant 421,086, 160| 36,455,593] 383,649,272 91.1 11.6 10 52 
1884 tke Ee ee PCN | 512,765,000} 39,475,885 330, 862, He 64.5 13.0 8 38 
i te{s Sule Gas Ras Sep aan eee, MRP earls 357,112,000} 34,189,246] 275,320,39° CUE 10.4 8 05 
PESO ty cats aE Ae ite antes here .| 457,218,000; 36,806,184} 314,226,020 68.7 12.4 8 54 
LSS Tee Meeker a ee Oe .. .. ...| 456,329,000] 37,641,783} 310,612,969 68.1 12.1 | 8 25 
T SSS mice ears cas che teeth ora esk .. | 415,868,000) 37,336,138 385, 248,030 92.6 11.1 10 32 
SSO Meee ces etna teehee Vat titers 490,560,000} 38,123,859 342, 491,707 69.8 12.9 8 98 
BSOOME 4. eth e et ts cet fee cise ah einie 399,262,000; 36,087,154| 334, 773, 678 83.8 Lat 9 28 
ABO Ue ee Serr ats a pee le Sees Rea sana 611,780,000} 39,916,897) 513,472,711 83.9 15.3 12 86 
ASOD ier trees ne bweye etal 515,949,000} 38,554,430) 322,111,881 62.4 13.4 | 8 35 
TSOIER rs as vent ade sts ode sree 396,131,725| 34,629, 418 213, 171, 381 53.8 11 4 6 16 
BOA Peretti tae Preece wa eee reiting 460, 267,416] 34,882,436] 225,902,025 49.1 13:2 6 48 
TG OD ee im ciate Bole efhins eaitte ais ehekele i 467,102,947) 34,047,332| 237, 938, 998 50.9 13.7 6 99 

Average for 10 years, !870-79.. 312,152,728] 25,187,414) 327,407,258] 104.9 12.4 13 00 

Average for 10 years, 1880-89.. 449. 695,359 oy 279, 162) 371,809,504 ae UP Aat | 9 97 

Average for 6 years, 1890-95 ... 475, 082, 181 36,352, 945 307,895,112 64.8 iNet 8 47 


THE WHEAT CROP OF THE WORLD. 


The following is an estimate of the world’s wheat crop, by countries, for the year 
1895, as compared with the preceding four years, exclusive of countries for which neither 
Al returns nor commercial estimates are to be had, such as China, Morocco, Ceylon, 
etc. Wherever available, official figures, either preliminary or final, have been used. It 
is unfortunate that in some important wheat-growing countries official returns of wheat 
production are not made. In such cases commercial estimates have been used. 

In the counties of the Southern Hemisphere the wheat harvest takes place from 
November to February, and the estimates given for these countries are for the twelve 
months ending October 3lst of the years indicated at the head of each column. The 
unit of measure used is the Winchester bushel, which has a°capacity of 2,150.42 cubic 
inches. Where the original quantities are stated by weight they have been reduced to 
bushels on the somewhat arbitrary standard of 60 pounds of wheat to the bushel. 

Five countries—Montenegro, Central Siberia and Central Asia, Western Siberia, 
Transcaucasia and Finland—have not heretofore appeared in similar tabulated state- 
ments, 
say NSPS a A a i aE Seen a il hee A ges NY 

| 


Country. 4891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 


| 
| 1895. 
| 
. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels, pease = Bushelat 
RIMIGEC OLALCR (eeics culetere ieee a's soon once | 611,780.L00} 515,949,000, 396,132,000| 460,267,000) 467,103,000 
DINERPED Be tic se eects scare sible or she'glal "nis state 33,611,000} 29,690,000} 22,416,000) 20,507,000; 18,183,000 
IG hit habe) Nee Aare eas cee acs cickaa tines | 23,928,000] 14,909,000 16,108,000} 17,714,000) 32,777,000 
Rest of Canad hy ak ie hanes css eZines 5,101,000: 5,102,000. 4,126,000 6,362,000 6,500,000 
MotAlCaned a. an sis dies .cle see vs eel §2,635,000) 49,701, a 42,650,000} 44,583,000} 57,460,000 
BM Reba ate ela Crates, xP ah renee IGE UO AP 15,000,000 eee 15,000,000; 18,000,000} 14,000,000 
Total North America.............- | 689,415,000} 579,650,000; 453,782,000, 522, a 538,563,000 
Argerihinagy es wetsuit men teeter | 32,000,000} 36,000,000 57,000 00 80,000,000} 60,000,000 
MUU Y tins oeelote nate ee ante Sar edges 2,805,000 3,292,000 5,703,000 8,915,000; 10,000,000 
Ce ee ees ie ete ee ote ecu reee aaisiate Insets % | 18,000,000 PEM, 19,000,000} 16,000,000} 15,000,000 
Total South America.......... «. | 52,805,000} 55,792,000} 81,703,000] 104,915,000; 85,000,000 


64 


59 Victoria. 


THE WHEAT CROP OF THE WORLD.—Continued. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


County 1891. ec] 1892. 
Bushels. Bushels. 

PMP Tey eo cag betemIae tlie oip we ook 41,074,000} 50,174,000 
PAC ee ink hal ube ae 139,294,000} 142,558,000 
CeOavIs-DOlaVONIA of iocea eseleeecas «28 6,597,000 7,071,000 
Bosnia-Herzegovina .....6..cesscceaee 1,800,000 2,000,000 
Total Austria-Hungary ........... 188,765,000} 201,803,000 
PADRCHROSTON Gide aie cok ldots ose 220,009 250,000 
Sst ee See oS Are Se aR 8,000,000} 10,000,000 
RROEANEN Oe Saivse x se) Sais Res Sewn eh, 48,491,000} 63,942,000 
(ERE KCVEIDIGRTOPG sg fx. oan low etal eae 22,500,000! 26,000,000 
Bia Pax iaeel eon diniiids ony vaigh hws  wawteut 40,902,000, 40,441,000, 
Ret ac Pe west sar ack. » «trae ies ee 5,675,000 4,500,000 
GEMM ni cfond' wees iw ek Gob aac one 141,466,000) 115,685,000 
ETL ota OPP 9 SE te Ar 7 71,349,000! 82,288,000 
OTC Ales cleans cid the, ia ae a eee 7,000,000 6,000, 000 
MMR A. 5icthain's sub tei’ & oie Nis etiree chan 219,261,000] 310.836,000 
BS WIEZOPlANG iia lace as. Nee ears 2,500,000 4,000,000 | 
COOMA y Va agulse erin caus 85,750,000} 116,215,000) 
Belorans.% . Puan Saf mpbalenebetiogs, stieesterhtim @ 16,500,000} 19,500,000 
Moatherlands 6... secs see wokieee hak cr 3,504,000 5,380,000 
great Britain Aye et sc ceebes es 74,401,000) 60,407,000 
Pretend 5 2 Pues emcee a stece tere eso. 0 ss.8 2,615,000 2,214,000 
Total United Kingdom. ...... =) Te 60) 62,621,000 
Wren Eten pe te oh. em, Below de 461 4,666,000 4,964,000 
BIW OUI Morne eek ob.6 0c cu ce are ener 4,341,000 4,343,000 
Norway ..... Sates Wee ec Oke 250,000 250,000 
Russia (50 goverments)................ 168,767,000} 241,611,000 
Poland (10 governments) .............. 12,683,000! 24,444,000 
North Caucasus (3 governments) ...... 72,000,000} 71,402,000 
UE SY eel gas UF 8 ae eee we ee eae a 126,000 113,000 
Total Russia in Europe .......... 253,576,000 337,570,000. 
TOCA TE URGIO) Sse Suet parse aac ots 1,201,732,000)1, 410,588,000 
Transcaucasia (7 governments) ........ 46,747,000} 47,000,000 
Western Siberia (2 governments) ...... 10,000,000} 15,000,000 
Central Siberia and Central Asia...... 8,000,000) 10,00 ',000 
Pocatiivissie: in -ASia “ce stick os fe 64,747,000} 72,000,000 
LENE LS WiLRGVG AE weet ly ft toe eae EA GNF be AEN ae 256,704,000} 206,640,000) 
PR IAEIOE CUPKO Yigg stot mo iretis weak ore 45,000,000} 44,000,000 
ERs oe Oe ak ere re ose nies oe 20,630,000} 18,567.000 
PER DIML orcs oes Lent fas Potted aeackogie tse Se 18,277,0°0| 15,741,000 
EPG shy Oa Re Se Neh ON ee CRE A iene” A a BuO Oe 2,000,000 
OTRO SERIO Y Aeon Care ee oe | 407,358,000, 358,948,000 
BIER So er re ee ae eb 11,140,000, 8,252,000 
Elta cree US dee Wes waters 5 aie eats she ee 7,009,000 8,000,000 
ENGR TE cae oe a ae Ee aan ta op 26,184,000! 19,979,000 
PES PLOINY. x o wretate lecothie oe Gaur bres Sob asans Gis rr 3,500,000 
OLASPALTIGIG cA 5 ss Os cians td neal 47,137,000, 39,731,000 
Dewmoutn Wales... vos cccce hess s « 3,764,000 4,089,000 
ALE SS or TSE ho Se ie ee ee a BP a 13,153,000} 14,110,000 
PME DNA UB UE LID t5 5 Sige exon flew nla je via hares 9,696,000 6,639,000| 
AV Aaterike AGREPALIS 6 oo ha kn cle na bles 480,000! 305,000 
Pagans ¢./s.5, 25 See tr ee eae 663,000 967,000 
TN ORV oR Ad UINc co cho «in ele wate na es 5,904.000) 10,581,000 
ODORS ite ota va felsdin roe ee wrod 215,000 405,000 
Tntal eS vistraiasia coe Fe Ne Wee's wehie's | 33,875,000; 37,096,000 
Grand total |2, 432,322, 000|2, 481,805,000 


—_ 


Washington, U.S. A. 
5. BL (t= 8) 


1893. 


Bushels. 
43,660,000 
158,425,000 
8 223,000 
2,000,000 


212,308,000 


250,000) 


8,651,000 
60,115,000 
20,000,000 
35,987,000 
6,500,000 
135,227,000 
93,484,000 
5,500,000 
277,509,000 
3,300,000 

110,040,000 


17, 300,000| 


4,971,000 


50,800,000 
1,666, 000 


52,466,000 


4,661,000 
3,893, 000 
275,000 


371,851,000 
21,603,000 
68,307,000 

100,000 


1 
i 


A. 1896 
1894. |. 1895. 
Bushels, Bushels. 
48,190 000! 41,200,000 
141,858,000} 146,000,000 
8,786,000 6,200,000 
2,000,000 2,000,000 
200,834,000} 195,400,000 
250,000 220,000 
7,500,000! 9,400,000 
43.587,000} 68,503,000 
20,000,000} 21,500,000 
30,600,000} 37,000,000 
5 500,000 4,000,000 
121,595,000, 106,181,000 
105,600,000; 92,000,000 
9,000,000 7,000,000 
347,537,000| 339, 129,000 
4,500,000 5,000,000 
110,681,000! 110,000,000 
19,800,000] 18,000,000 
4,346,000} 5,000,000 
61,038,000} 38,348,000 
1,532,000 1,109,000 
62,570,000! 39,457,000 
4,162,000 4,500,000 
4,467,000 3,798, 000 
275,000 260,000 
339,667,000, 292,271,000 
16,749,000} 17,387,000 
61,679,000, 67,127,000 
x 100,000 


461,861,000; 418,225,000; 376,885,000 


47,000,000 


19,997,000: 


10,000,000 
76,997,000 


268,539,000 
48,000,000 
20,000,000 
16,848 000 

9,000,000 


432,384,000 


10,000,000 
4,000,000 
20,274,000 
4,014,000 


38,288,000 


7,032,000 
15,282, 000 
9,531,000 
443,000 

1, 01,000 
8,642,000 


477,000! 


42, 458,000 


| 


47,000,000 
30,608,000 
10,000,000 


87,608,000 


252,784,000 


45,000,000 
22,000,000 
16,000,000 

2,000,000 


12,009,000 
10,700,000 
28,900,000 

3,195,000 


54,795,000 


6,708,000 
15,736,000 
14,047,000, 

537,000 | 


860,000 
5,046,000 
426,000 


43,360,000 


gtk ex Panne te 1,443, 233,000 


47,000,000 
26,020, 000 
10,479,000 


83,499,000 


234,379,000 
46,000,000 
22,000,000 
16,500,000 

2,200,000 


425,392,000] 404,578,000 


14,000,000 
7,500,000 
24,800,000 
2,542,000 


48,842,000 


7,263,000 
11,807,000 
8,027,000 
176,000 
899,000 
3,727,000 
562,000 


32,461,000 


2,562, 913,000 2,672,341 ,000 2,552,677,000 


[The above statement is taken from the Report of the Statistician of the Department of Agriculture, 


65 


~ 


- ye e NY ec 3 ao 7 
59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 
PRINCIPAL CROPS OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1895. 
States and Territories, Wheat. Corfi. | Oats. Barley. | Potatoes, Hay. 
| 
Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. | Bushels. Tons. 
Mamertius feet ewe 83,808 596,904 5,451,484 408,467| 10,139,089! 1,127,031 
New Hampshire ... 48,134]  1,079,631| —:1,094,122 136,576} 3,134 930 590,527 
PVOOLINOUU A Sey acre ces cease 185,078 2,153,460 5,100,598 619,778 5,134,052 893,959 
IM ARsachunettsyr. ocly. sa: o sede a ites 1,847, 224 549,864 41,378 4,303,082 649,838 
HOGS TSlaNd eyes: ska ce he eee ae 284 805 121,986 8,954 1,010. 712; 74,817 
Connecticut ..... ah sg tule Banees 1,768,338 Kgs tA WG Ra ey 3, 162,656 400,440 
ING WEY OFS christ aes ; 7,301,069 18,014,170 45,666,354 5,473,215} 51,749,350! 3,557 ,524 
New Jersey .......0.-00. 1,340,924} 9,933,004] ~ 3.818.416]..... ..... 4,600,548 599,486 
Pennsylvania) (257 (20.5 20,456,429]  48.512,68) 26,536,313 258,843) 23,193,228 2,872,047 
Delawaret. ove scorn. 1,069, 300 4,281,291 AGB A790) Ne rare teenies 327,758) 68,108 
Maryland scan iene. 7,800,756} 16,531,205 2. 320, OL0} tata Pe 2,366,400 436,298 
VAT EDTA esheets aye eee 6,605,683] 32,607,158 8.125 UG biases nae 3,031,325 774,601 | 
North Carolinas.cae-e ole 4,748,° 52 36,378, 412 VA Carl otc) ir suiiah, Seon eS 1,461,026 273,540 
South; Caroling * (ick «. <f 858,624 19,860,908 | 4 390322) e aarsie a Senet 401,400 144,986 
Georgians sot, 1. 330: 706 eho 481) (6,67, 048) a ee 364,066 236,541 
IM 1OrIGan Mess eee lee tae Urs Scale nee aan 6,186,645 AOD SAT Mea winsece Nee 89,925 10,280 
ALabania "elie vest: ote 373,283| 44,376,487 5, 210, 72h ee en dares 480,130 116,980 
Mississippi ......... ..-. 37,184] 36,977,169] 9,076,812|............ 363,196 148,432 
VjOWisISNA 2 teak te etes hee es eT ee 22,574,284 675.740) seeeaeee ses : 827,789| 74,532 
9d ME "2 7: Cate Ph aug ih a 4 op i SP 2,031,640) 107,905,565 14,569,178 53,654 1,276,082 676,677 
UAT BIVENS Geter lelee ak Foote ah 1,452,300} 50,359,558 8.306, 486)" fas. nee i 1,476,300 214,396 
(EB RTIGERGOs Wen latee 2k 6 5,766,728]  83,133,025' 10,234,958) 57,542 2,443,328 550,876 
West Virginia............ 4,303,780| 16,662,789 3,589,320)........... 2,297,631 337,425 
Wentack yuck aces oe ek 9,501,225 93,939,331 13, 252,458 88,978 3,¢08, 184 693,718 
Oh ini) ss Aa ee ee oe 32,215,579). 92,783,186) 31,404,493 824,681;  13,107.024 1,046,064 
Michipane ere: ates geet 15,237,803) 33,600,242] 23,265,192 1,255,344| 23,916,497 720,968 
Thdiana ee oe Soke biota 20,294,492} 121,435.768! 25,895,595 102,165} 6,945,576 955, 725 
MINOT os BER eee 19,060,712 255, 136,554! 73,707,180 352, 900 13,749,197 1,319,133 
Wisconsin cs seyh eas aeaes de 8,616,218!  33,093,497| 63,020,269} 10,868,483} 19,230,040 1,370,126 
Minnesota. code. docu idk uk 65,584,155) 35.956,690; 77,995,084! 17,437,284; 23,991,036 2,041,768 
LOW Site ors tee nee ee ce | 13,654,778| 298,502,650) 182,967,338| 12,684,868] 21,340,980 4,612,583 
WESSOUNL MH thes fc ttse ean tien | 18,499,968} 238,072,248 30,547,699 14,382 10,765, 276! 2,725,785 
AV ATLAS. < titeene aeieb make 22,919,566| 204.759,746| 30,075,992 258,365 7,869,246 4,181,289 
IN@DraskA, bo tsiew dices 14,787,024 125,685,069 39,911,696 1,393,048 7,994,373 1,811,454 
South: Dakota <...'0 000.3. 29 261,088 12,423, 442 18,154,774 2,543,678 4,037.154 1,547,768 
NortniiDakota. 2 sera 61,057,710 658,979, 19,067,914 8,839,286 5,192,448) 585,377 
AVEC HL ATI (scree keeles aoe 1,065, 223 pare ale 2,446,071 142,525 288,426) * 292,657 
Wey Orie Wien came kaa e 198,198 68, 283 OSL Oleic sae 275,800 254, 883 
OlGradG: 2) Yee nee A | 2,808,250 3,690,976 3,389, 252 447,277 3,491,820 1,961,187 
INew Mexico sce tn oe tien | 809,248 733,203 393,773 51,856) 59,360 120,637 
INpizona eo eee | 250,654 182-720 ee Oe 261,241 29:118 63,655 
Aste ree i es Soe ten | 2,443,526 181,035 926,357 190,980 1,064,852 459,712 
Nevada hate. we tee 2S O2i nee eee emteieege Fiera 262,578 213,00U 466,965 
Rdaliptden i ued cone) AY 1,221,899 50,8391 1,102,358 259,847 | 408,240 459,598 
Wrashimetony: (.0) .aenissg 7,195,952 93, 263 3,671,975 1,942,211 2,412,757 600,273 
MOPEVONsc ce sheet. eee on 11,862,720; 353, 628 7,240,982} 768,682 1,124,544 1,166,165 
California 's seeks. ioe aN 40,097,798 2,256,852 1,690,046! 19,023,678 1,888,425) 2,791,710 
MALTS aca een c nde D9 GOB iS cr, 2S het eee Be  Adaend steal cece 5 te Nadie 
Motalslsoo wis. weak 467,102,947 |2, 151,138,580 Se aan? at 87,072,744 aioe 47,078,541 
Re SULTS rae ae | 460,267 ,416'1,212,770,0521 662,036,928! 61,400,465; 170,787,338] 54,874,408 
‘ | 
Peete Cal segue anette wae | 396,131,725 161,406,181 6, eb, 80 69,869,495 le al 65,766, 158 


PART II, 
LIVE STOCK, THE DAIRY AND THE APIARY. 


LIVE STOCK. 


Reports concerning the condition of live stock in the spring were far from being 
unanimous. In many counties, both east and west, horses were affected with distemper, 
which, though usually of a mild type of influenza, carried off some valuable animals. 
The bulk of correspondents, however, reported horses as being in good trim at the time 
of writing. Horned cattle, although rather thin where poorly managed, came through 
the winter in a most encouraging condition. In a few townships in the counties of 
Cornwall and Prescott cattle suffered from scouring, and there was a tendency to abort 
among some of the dairy cattle in Oxford, while elsewhere odd cases of “black foot” 
were hinted at ; but, taken all together, cattle were in first-class condition. Sheep called 
forth a variety of reports. Some correspondents, more especially in the Lake Erie 
counties, spoke of ewes as being very prolific this spring, and describe the lambs as being 
quite vigorous and promising, while several others send accounts of heavy losses in early 
lambs. One correspondent mentioned that sheep in his section were suffering from 
disease of the liver, but the general verdict was that this class of live stock had entered 
the spring with excellent prospects. Swine did not do nearly so well as usual. Large 
numbers of pigs, littered in the fall, began to exhibit symptoms of paralysis towards the 
close of the winter. They manifested weakness in the hind quarters, and soon became 
unable to stand, and most of them had to be killed to end their misery. A few corres- 
pondents reported ‘‘ black teeth,” and here and there mention is made of losses in early 
litters. Otherwise swine may be regarded as having been in fair condition, but rather 
searcer than usual, owing to the buyers snatching up hogs at so lively a rate in the fall. 
Except in a few cases there was an abundance of fodder throughout the Province, although 
the shortness of straw was a matter that called forth comment from many. 


According to the August returns, the season had been a most trying one to pastures. 
The prolonged drouth rendered the fields bare and brown. In some places in the west 
live stock, it is said, had bitten the grass to the roots; a few farmers cut down small 
trees and fed the leaves to the cattle, and others fed growing oats and peas to the animals, 
These, however, were exceptional cases. There was a marked decrease in the milk flow, 
in some instances amounting to fifty per cent. of the June record. In the county of Grey 
a cheese factory and a creamery were forced to close for want of milk, and in other 
instances somes factories withdrew milk waggons from certain routes. Sheep looked well, 
but horses and horned cattle were thin, though generally in good health. The horn 
fly was exceedingly troublesome to dairy stock and other animals. August rains were 
reviving pastures and also the hopes of our correspondents. Oorn and pea straw were 
counted on to assist largely in winter feeding. ; 


fhe November bulletin contained the following: ‘‘ Live stock had rather scant 
pasture during the latter half of the season. In many sections the grass had to be sup- 
plemented with corn and other feed. The consequence is that cattle are generally thin, 
and owing to shortage of fodder, a number of dry cows have been disposed of at very 
low prices. In Middlesex and a few other localities some young cattle have been bought 
for fattening by a few farmers who make a specialty of the business. Feeding of cattle 
began earlier than usual this fall, Sheep receive favorable mention from most of those 
who refer to them. Special notice is made of the fact that a large number of lambs are 
being fed on rape for the Buffalo market. Swine have been thriving, and many have 
veen sold on foot, although complaints come in of poor prices for these as well as for 
other live stock. Most of the hogs are sold at weights ranging from 150 to 250 lbs. 
A fair supply of pork is still in the hands of farmers. Fodder is scarce, and some farm- 
ers will find it hard to carry their stock through the winter. No mention has been 
made of disease among live stock. Corn has played an important part in the economy 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36) A.. 1896 


of the farm this season. It has supplemented pasture, and has been cut and stored to 
be fed dry during the winter. The silo does not appear to have made any special advance 
in popularity during the year.” 

Horssus: In the table following, the number of horses is given by classes in 1894 
and 1895 by county groups and for the Province ; also the number of horses in each dis- 
trict and in the Province in each of the five years 1891-95: 


; a 4 re i g | 

n 3 s 5 2 {z.aes] gy a5 Bits 

5 2 ahs = 3 as Seay hate a Sf 

Horses. © o 5 sey 2S oy Gabbe d ae B.2 2 ee 

a “i 80 | oe, re lr aga nee 5a OAs 

4 4 os es 4 Rn es Z Bo.  ] 

seal ik as ey 58,097| 43,973} 27,483 84,009] 87,335] 77,908} 28,725) 6,143! 423,673 | 
PNA PESINE ch orser 1894104, 65b7 41,218 ae *77,637| 82,585). 72,251! 26,948! 5,420) 395,686 
ese _ 51895} 8,787] 8,810! 6,699; 15,243} 14,357) 11,795} 4,738! 1,727) 72,156 
reeds mares. ").1894| 11,357]; 10,113) ° 8,246)" 18,3884) 18,386) 14-705) 6,093 1,728, 88,962 | 
mora 9 ee 21,827| 17,221], 12,706} 32,341] 32,058] 23,774! 9,755 2,185] 151,867 | 
Unbroken horses ) 1394] 97,404 21,607) 16,242| 39,218] 39,041) 31,507} 12,719] 2,391 190,129 | 
(1895 Rae 70,004| 56,888) 131,593] 133,750} 113,477} 43,218] 10,055) 647,696 

| 1894) 93,416, 72,938) 59,460) 135,239) 139,962, 118,463] 45,760) 9,539 674,777 | 

GSAS Bt tea wetiies { 1893] 6,091' 73,856 60,065) 135,597) 142,043) 120,361) 47,844] 9,340 685,187 | 
{1892' 96,995) 74,487, 59,582) 135,355] 142,423) 122,411] 48,565/ 9,046 688,814 | 


ea 96,722 paey| Ori 132,879] 143,716) 12C,760| 44,756 


eas 678,459 | 


An increase of 27,987 in the number of working horses has beev more than offset 
by a decrease of 16,806 in the number of breeding mares, and a decline of 38,262 in the 
number of unbroken horses, there now being a total of 647,696 horses in the Province, 

r 27,081 less than in the previous year, and less than in any of the years comprising 
the table. Every district shared in the increase in the number of working horses, and 
in the decrease in the other two classes. The Lake Ontario group has the largest total 
number of horses, although not having as many breeding mares or unbroken horses as 
the West Midland district. 


Hogs. The following table presents the total number of swine by county yroups 
and for the Province for each of the five years 1891-95, and for 1894 and 1895 by classes 
of over and under one year: | 


bh ae} : a oS i rae * 
S s =I -S SB a 3 
: fe) AQ 2s BS ae s n & 
Oo ba = a ow co ee 3S 
e 5 = = s ES = ane 5 
Hogs. a en = > o) = s o & By 
® ® SS » © ys 2 3.2 
4 a cS) Fs rd a D a © | 
3s 3S o = 3 2 a 3A f- 
4 4 o e 4 DL cs Z a | 
2 oop { 
% 
{ 


Goat (1895) 44,930 20,501) . 22,039] 42,142) 38,817) 50,570! 20,218] 4,968) 244,185) 
ver i year -.) 1894! 41,232| 19,622} 20,308] 37,404] 35,856]. 48,583} 20,082 4,796] 227,878) 


Under 1 1895] 200,179} 100,476} 94,672) 233,923) 203,608] 142,935 63,993] 15,091) 1,054,887 
nder 1 year. ) 1894) 171,304] 79,821} 86,345] 194,130’ 175,925) 184,015} 59,286; 13,429) 914,250) 


(1895| 245,109; 120,977| 116,711] 276,075) 242,425) 193,505|° 84,211) 20,059) 1,299,072) 
| 1894} 212,536] 99,443| 106,648! 231,534/ 211,781| 182,598} 79,868) 18,225] 1,142,133! 
[iy A DObALe twat + 1893! 183,004} 87,737; 94,857| 203,816) 185,726, 168,885! 71,859] 16,138) 1,012,022 
| | 1892) 182,353) 87,878} 96,312] 200,400) 183,399, 159,715| 70,737) 16,180 996,974 
L1891 md 102,295} 104,600) 243,343) 219,485 162088 82,864) 18,257) 1,156,316 

| 


There has been a substantial increase in the number of hogs of both classes in every 
district, which brings the total number up to 1,299,072, or 156,939 more than in the 
year preceding, and more also than any other year of the table, The West Midland 
district continues to lead in the total number of swine, although there are still more old 
pigs to be found in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa district than in any other group. 

68 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Hornep Carris. The table following gives by classes the number of cattle in 1894 
and 1895 by county groups and by the Province, together with the total number in each 
of the five years 1891-95: 


: > zc = of oe = 
Pech e ear emma | acelin hac re 
Se 5 =| Ao} aI HP 4c) So 7s 
| Cattle = = = = ° ae = pie a 
; ; o © Ss = © Hs iy 3.2 
“4 a S d Pet ee a SA = 
J : J oO = 4 n ca 2 | = 
PR ae reue 386 449, 626 162) 267 655 643 7) 4,270 
| Pee OSEE. 1894 518 ey 658 255 406 664 838} 1,215) 4,912 
a ee 1895 Fere| 79,811} 65,025} 170,996: 139,596] 255,779} 74,656 14,264 888,228 


85,276; 49,849} 54,367 22,8551 6,840 865,644 
90,942} 47,139} 56,619 hae 6,808 376,809 


over 2 years. | 1894] 38,450, 70,870 42,513 


188,746] 136,950} 171,880, 64,501; 21,836 891,961 


1895} 89,502, 123,959] 94,587 
187,675 132,638 ea 64,916, 20,441 583,343 


Young and 
122,363] 95,432 


| other cattle. | 1894 92,523 
| 


(1895| 214,795] 271,183 202,925] 445,280| 326,662) 482,631| fetes 43,922] 2,150,103 
| 1894] 215,611] 268,713 21,329) 438,413) 310,767] 461,882) 161,014) 41,572} 2,099,301 
 Totals.... .4 1893] 218,320] 265,366) 194,065) 433,118] 300,067 446,433 159,036 40,348| 2,057,882 


| 1894 Sed 75,122) 62,726} 159,541] 130,584) 237,244| 71,792 al 834,237 
Store cattle 1 1804 36,806| 66,964 ne 


| 1892| 221,512} 263,057| 191,654) 424,747| 296,462) 437,172] 155,096} 39,440| 2,029,140 
1891] 219,609} 258,341) 181,514] 428,780 a 422,091] 138,842! 38,167| 1,978,815 


The number of oxen in the Province is now reduced to 4,270, and 23 per cent. of 
these are to be found in the comparatively newly settled northen districts. There is also 
a decrease in the number of store cattle in the Province. Milch cows and young cattle, 
however, have increased in number, the net result being an increase of 50,802 in the total 
number of cattle compared with the figures of the preceding year. While the West 
Midland group is credited with the greatest number of store cattle, and also of young 
cattle, the St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties have the most milch cows, and the 
greatest total number of cattle. 


Sugeep, The number of sheep is given in the following table by classes in 1894 and 
1895, by county groups and for the Province, together with the total number in each of 
the five years 1891-95: 


{ i | z SC o& Ss g 
| 5 a & = ole & we 5 
= 5 = ~ S ape Ay a's 5 
Sheep = se = a o) te ae we & 
Se Renmine SO eae pa Gri Soe |g 
H 4 co) ee ent = eal a) a Zz = 
Pheer pane 121,853) 149,080] 149,637] 190,502) 168,823, 218,791) 70,191 32,118] 1,095,995 
| Over * year --\ 1894) 121,501} 151,599, 146,322) 190,585) 162,753, 909,922, 75,281) 28,672) 1,086,635 


170,432 53,701| 24,222) 926,740 


1895 107,411 142,364! 117,977| 171,620) 139,018 
173,818) 60,491) eae 929,170 


“Under 1 year. + i341 107,551} 143,160] 119/367] 169.603] 133,147 


| 
(1895, 229,264, 291,444 967,614 362,122} 307,836 


| | 384,223 123, 892 56,340 2,022,735 
| 1894! 229,052 294,759] 265,689 360,188] 295,900) 383,740 135,772) 50,705, 2,015,805 
| Totals ..... 41893 214,008! 289,683} 239,715 353,928; 284,314) 370,288 139,093} 44,909; 1,935,938 


11892 210.713] 279,092] 232,185 340,228! 263,955] 357,766) 124,815] 41,719, 4,850,473 
(1891) 194,526! 236,168} 205,357 $28,863] 263,003 327,166 103,609} 35,510] 1,693,751 
| 


The total number of sheep in the Province is given as 2,022,735, being 6,930 more 
than in the preceding year, notwithstanding a slight decrease in the number of sheep 
under one year. The Lake Huron and East Midland districts are the only groups failing 
to show as many sheep as in 1894, The largest number of sheep are to be found in the 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa counties. 


69 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


Woo. Curp. The total number of fleeces, with total and avérage weights, are 
given in the following table by county groups and for the Province for 1894 and 1895, 
and also the average of the Province for the fourteen years 1882-95: 


1895. 1894, 1882-95. 


Districts. 58 a9 33 
forg.>) a0 20 
Fleeces. | Pounds. se Fleeces. | Pounds. su Fleeces. | Pounds. st | 
| — 4 4 
1 
| \ 
ae Briés.2 ooh 5 oa 123,008 702,465 |5.71; 121,042 692,270 5.72) 108,864 614,471 |5.64 
| Lake Huron.......... 151,875 877,098 15.78) 152.404 892,773 5.86, 129,437 749,198 |6.79 | 
| Georgian Bay ........ 152,246 855,048 '5.62; 148,834 853,166 |5.73; 121,358 681,082 |5.61 | 
| West Midland........ 192,548 | 1,130,283 |5.87 190,577 | 1,143,863 ‘6.00 189,084 | 1,096,556 |5.80 | 
Lake Ontario ........ | 171,491 | 1,013,661 |5.91!) 166,139 | 1,011,977 6.09} 158,139 942,846 |5.96 
St. Lawrence & Ottawa} 214,656 | 1,090,638 15.08) 209,627 | 1,076,910 5.14] 215,578 | 1,070,860 |4.97 
East Midland ..... ait 70,776 372,292 (5.26 74,736 403,359 5.39 68,105 358,889 |5.28 
Northern Districts....| 32,540] 173,326 \5.33! 29,058 160,718 |5,53 16,756 93,435 {5.58 


The Province.... ee | 6,214,811 9.09 1,092, 467 | 6,235,036 


| 


on 1,007,321 | 5,607,337 15.57 


There were 16,673 more fleeces in 1895 than in 1894, but the lighter average weight 
of 5.60 pounds per fleece, compared with 5.71 pounds in the preceding year, has brought 
the total weight to 6,214,811 pounds, which is slightly below the figures for 1894. The 
weight per fleece, however, is heavier than the average for the fourteen years, which is 
given as 5.57 pounds. In the Lake Ontario counties the average weight of a fleece was 
5.91 pounds, while in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa district it averages only 5 08 pounds. 


Pouurtry, The season of 1895 was not altogether satisfactory for poultry raisers, 
on account of the low prices paid for both eggs and dressed poultry. The abundance of 
grasshoppers was an advantage to those raising turkeys, Farmers were very much divided 
as to whether there is profit or actual loss in keeping poultry. Many correspondents 
recognized that poultry have not been given a fair trial, and that the average hen is a 
victim of neglect. : 


The table following gives by county groups and for the Province, the number of 
poultry, by classes, for the years 1894 and 1895, and also the total number for each of the 
five years, 1891-95: 


. 


: a as) S oa 3 | ¥ 
: g A I | S 2 BI of | a 
o A a 8 o$ = \ Re) > 
Ee 5 si = = sus AS ao | © 
Poultry. aa oe = = Oo ae = os ow 
© o ie 2 ® HZ in rey 5 
a. ES O° ry -M 7c m2 ae) oD) 
oS & ® - Pe ve oS i) ct 
| — & | i) op | ea 4 | HH 
Tur- 1895 83,723 71,490 | 45,326 141,020 142,872 153,339 | 49,350 9,484 696,604 
keys. | 1894 86,793 | 62,693} 61,277 131,323 143,700 158.703 | 44,279 | 10,437 689,205 | 
Gases 1895 43,041 51,486 | 43,454 76,6609 | 82,240 84,583 | 32,413 6,136 420,022 | 
1894 42,805 | 50,417! 48,978 76,640 85,516 92,737 34,284 6,830 438, 208 
Other (1895 965,488 | 739,016 547,162 | 1,319,541 | 1,334,730 | 1,179,658 436,337 | 114,282 | 6,636 214 | 
Fowls eee 899,448 | 712,258 | 551,088 | 1,290,686 | 1,272,201 1,169,549 | 420,127 | 109,892 | 6,425,249 
1895] 1,092,252 | 861,992 | 635,942 | 1,537,280 | 1,559,842 | 1,417,580 | 518,100 | 199,902 7,752,840 | 
1894] 1,029,046 | 825,368 | 651,343 1,498,649 | 1,501,417 | 1,420,990 | 498,690 | 127,159 | 7,552, 662 
Totals~ 1893; 921,453 | 764,568 | 622,164 | 1,424,418 | 1,388,009 | 1,396,371 480,717 | 116,736 | 7,114,436 | 
1892} 893,995 | 776,590 | 623,988 1,418,000 | 1,360,248 | 1,409,098 482,721 | 114,233 | 7,078,973 | 
1891| 921,742 | 785,709 | 603,837 | 1,407,686 | 1,391,488 | 1,307,506 | 479,147 | 108,975 | 7,006,090 | 
{ 
0 


7 


—_=- -- 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


An increase in the number of turkeys in the Lake Huron and West Midland and East 
Midland districts has been large enough to overcome the decrease in the other five groups, 
and there are now 7,399 more turkeys in the Province than in the previous year. There 
has been a falling off of 18,186 in the number of geese, the Lake Erie, Lake Huron and 
West Midland districts being the only exceptions to the decline. Th» number of other 
fowls has increased in every group excepting the Georgian Bay to such an extent that 
there are 210,965 more in the Province than in 1894. The total number of ali classes of 
fowls now reaches 7,752,840, which is 200,178 more than in the preceding year, and 


every district but the Georgian Bay and St. Lawrence shows an increase over the figures 
for 1894. : 


REMARKS OF CORRESPONDENTS. 


Camden, Kent: I think the hen is of far more profit than the turkey, goose or duck, as there is always 
a market for eggs. But as arule now a low price has to be taken for poultry. 


Chatham, Kent :. Every farmer keeps poultry, butina slipshod fashion, Nothing is done in a scientific 
manner, 


Harwich, Kent: It is a great improvement to get some thoroughbred blood in a flock of fowls occasion~ 
ally. I have a mixture of half a dozen good breeds, and have a flock of good hens. 


Kaleigh, Kent : We raise annually about tive dozen chickens of Light Bramahs, but never sell any. 
They are fed twicea day, winter and summer, with wheat, barley and corn, and have the run of the farm. 
We have plenty of eggs winter and summer, except when moulting. If not actual profit they give abund- 
ance in the eating. 


Malahide, Elgin: There has been more attention paid to poultry by farmers of late years. They have 
better bred fowl, and better cared for. The production for home consumption and export probably exceeds 
that of former years. 


Canboro’, Haldimand : Geese, turkeys, ducks and hens are the best paying animals on the farm. We 
have made $50 this summer on eggs alone besides raising a lot of chickens, I breed Plymouth Rocks. 


Stamford, Welland: Poultry have done very well this year. There has been very little disease among 
them. A great many have gone into poultry raising with great profit. 


Bosanquet, Lambton : Poultry are abundant in quantity, and are in prime condition. I believe that 
the hen is about as industrious and honest a servant as the farmer has, and sometimes has to put up with 
considerable abuse. 


Ashfield, Huron: We keep about fifty hens, chiefly for our own use. We regard them as fully paying 
for their keep. With the present low prices of grain poultry is a paying investment. Brown Leghorn is 
the choice for laying. 


Hullett, Huron: Geese and turkeys are doing well, but paying only moderately. Hens are healthy 
and have been laying well. They pay well when kept in a clean house, are kept warm in winter and 
properly fed and cared for. ; 


Stanley, Huron: There is a large stock of poultry, and a large business has been done in eggs during 
the summer. At present chickens and fat fowl are in good demand, but prices are not high. Though I 
cannot furnish you with statistics the general opinion is that they pay 


Amabel, Bruce: Poultry are mostly in good condition. If there is any profit in poultry at present I 
would like some person to show me where it is to come from, 2s they were never so cheap in twenty-five 
years, 


Brant, Bruce: Although the price of eggs has been no better than last year, they are as profitable as 
anything else on the farm. In many localities grasshoppers were very numerous, and caused a great deal of 
danger, yet they provided abundant feed for turkeys, and they did extra well. 


Artemesia, Grey : The poultry industry would pay if rightly managed, but the trouble is that they are 
allowed to pick their own living all the time possible, and after that are fed begrudgingly. 


Bentinck, Grey : Poultry fanciers may find pleasure if they do not find profit, in keeping poultry, but 
we Cae farmer has no profit in keeping any more than sufficient to supply his own table with eggs and 
owl. 


_ St. Vincent, Grey: Fowl are generally in good condition, as grain is so cheap there is no object in 
stinting them. Where proper care is taken, hens for egg production are as profitable, if not more so, than 
any other class of stock on the farm. 


Sydenham, Grey: Raising poultry for sale, I am convinced, does not pay except near large cities, 
where farmers can watch for supply and demand. Turkeys are worth only six cents a pound here, and 
only a limited number can be sold just now, even at that price. 


Gwillimbury, W., Simcoe: They seem to be in very good condition, but as they are generally kept by 
farmers, I confess I cannot discover wherein they are profitable, except that it is very convenient to have a 
fresh egg occ: sionally. ; 


71 


9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


Dorchester, W., Middlesex: Poultry have done fairly well, but the low price of eggs scarcely pays for 
the labor they require. There seem to be larger flocks of turkeys than last year, but the birds are rather 
smaller in size. 


McGillivray, Middlesex : Poultry are in good condition. The average price of eggs would not exceed 
ten cents. Eight and nine cents was the price for the three summer months. 


Zorra, E., Oxford: Turkeys and ducks are numerous and are doing well. They pay to raise, considering 
the grasshoppers they eat. ve 


Zorra, E., Oxford: Some poultry will always be kept on the average farm. About fifty to sixty are 
plenty, and the chief profit in keeping them is in their supplying a cheap and handy food, and as destroyers 
of a quantity of injurious insects, worms, etc. 


Brantford, Brant: Poultry, if properly cared for, should be among the money making machinery of 
the farm. There seems to be no depression in the trade. There is a ready market all the season, which 
says so much in cash every time for a little outlay. 


Oakland, Brant: Poultry have always been profitable with me. Like everything else they require care 
and attention ; otherwise they are not profitable—only scavengers. 


Blanshard, Perth : The hens look well and lay lots of eggs. It is the women who run that branch of 
the farm. I often think as I look in the holes made in the grain bins that the eggs cost more than they are 
worth. 


Wallace, Perth: I have always maintained that there was no profit in poultry, excepting in keeping 
them to pick up such as would go to waste if they were not about. 


Eramosa, Wellington: One hundred hens are better than six cows; that is, they bring more money 
with one-half the outlay. 


Luther, W., Wellington: The supply of eggs has been large, and generally thought profitable. But as 
no accounts are kept, it is impossible to give exact figures. There have been some losses from roup owing 
to poor buildings. 


Dumfriés, N., Waterloo: Poultry on the whole give much better returns than they generally get credit 
for. It has been a first-class year for the turkey, but a new trouble has struck a number of them, namely, 
a swelling about the eye. I have operated on some the second and third time, by letting the matter out 
with a pen-knife, There have been no deaths yet. 


Waterloo, Waterloo: I am satisfied that chickens pay good profits on any farm if they are properly 
cared for. Other fowls hardly pay as well. Most farmers make a great blunder by mixing all breeds of 
chickens, instead of keeping one general purpose breed, and improving on that. 


Mulmur, Dufferin: The condition of poultry seems to be good. A large quantity are being put on the 
market. Cause: scarcity of feed and lack of funds. The prices are much lower than usual, and therefore 
the profits are less. 


Nassagaweya, Halton: Poultry have done well, as grasshoppers were so plentiful that they had no 
difficulty in getting food. Eggs have also been plentiful. They are said to have been delicious, owing to 
the peculiar grasshopper flavor. J cannot vouch for this, however, as I do not fancy experimenting on such 
dainties. 


Trafalgar, Halton: The market for poultry products has been about equal to the last and previous 
years. Only a few farmers appreciate the value of the poultry yard, and it does not receive the attention 
or the care that it is entitled to Those who do attend to their fowl, profit by the delinquincy of the others. 


Chinguacousy, Peel: Poultry raising has become quite an industry in this township. The results are 
satisfactory. The dry summer has been very favorable to growing turkeys and chickens, which are nearly 
all marketed in Toronto. 


Markham, York: Poultry are in fair condition. If not gone into extensively, with proper care poultry 
raising will pay about as well as any other farm stock, and sometimes even better. 


Mara, Ontario: All kinds of poultry are healthy and in good condition. There has not been much pro- 
fit in selling eggs during the past summer. 


Clarke, Durham: Farmers as a rule do not know what their poultry cost. It would be hard to give an 
estimate of profit or loss, but I think there is profit in farmers keeping enough for their own use, especially 
hens. 


Percy, Northumberland : Poultry are in good condition: They forage for a living, helping themselves 
to grain, fruit and whatever they take a fancy to. I think profit is on the wrong side. 


Marysburgh N., Prince Edward: I do not take much stock in poultry myself. Hens pay for their 
keep if properly cared for. Ducks are worth 25 cents dressed. Itis worth 20 cents each to fit them for 
market, and it costs 25 cents in my opinion to raisa one. Now, where is the profit ? 


Kingston, Frontenac: There is no scarcity of good poultry in this locality, being in good demand for 


table use at remunerative prices. The same may be said of eggs. Under proper care poultry are profit- 
able. 


Storrington, Frontenac: All kinds of poultry have done well. If farmers would keep more fowl and 
pay good attention to them they would derive more profit from the food consumed than they get from any 
other stock. Eggs and dressed fowls always bring a good price on our market. 


Leeds and Lansdowne Front, Leeds: Poultry has been gone into more than formerly, as there is profit 
in the business when well managed. I think the industry should be encouraged more at this locality, as we 
are right at the Thousand Islands, and campers look for lots of chicken. 


Lansdowne Front, Leeds: The poultry industry is on the increase as the farmers see that it pays to 
rais3 them and to give them careful attention. 
=— 
(2 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Edwardsburg, Grenville: Poultry has done very well this year, but the profit is not great on account 
of the low price for eggs. 


Caledonia, Prescott: Every farmer keeps a number of different kinds of poultry. As to their profit, 
I fancy the most of us do not know the first thing. We simply go on keeping them for the enjoyment of 
fresh eggs and fat cockerels. 


Hawkesbury E., Prescott: Poultry has paid very well. Eggs have been a pretty good price this 
aren Farmers are paying more attention to the breeds of fowl, and are erecting suitable houses for them 
to live in, 


Clarence, Russell: There are none here who make a specialty of poultry of any class. The common 
hen is generally kept as a scavenger and egg producer for home consumption ; otherwise not directly pro- 
fitable. Carelessness in breeding, feeding and housing is probably the cause. Plymouth Rocks are most 
popular with those who take best care, and try to make them a financial success. Turkeys are raised to 
some extent. The Mammoth Bronze is profitable, as it finds a great deal of its food in the fields, grows to 
a great size, and matures early. Mongrels or run out breeds are not profitable. Geese and ducks are not 
rais2d about here. 


Osgoode, Russell: I think there is noShing on the farm, with the exception of sheep, which yield as 
large a revenue as hens, considering the labor expended on them. There is no profit in other fowls. 


Drummond, Lanark: Poultry are in good condition, but, except in places where they are provided 
with good warm quarters and furnished with proper food and attendance, there is not much profit in them, 
As a rule very little care is taken of them. 


Laxton, Victoria: Poultry are in good condition. A neighbor that keeps a hennery says that 100 hens 
are equal to five cows for profit. 


Otonabee, Peterborough: On my own farm, poultry pay for their feed and care as w ell as any of the 
other animals kept on the farm. 


Lutterworth, Haliburton: Lots of fowl are kept for home use, and a large portion to spare. Ask 
farmers if fowls pay for their keep, nine out of ten will answer, ‘‘I don’t know.” And I am one of the 
nine. 


Tyendinaga, Hastings: Farmers are baginning to realize the profits to be derived from poultry, and 
are turning their attention that way. A number are building good warm houses for them. 


Wollaston, Hastings: There is no profit in poultry. Eggs sell at 8 cents in summer, and 15 cents in 
winter, when few are laid. We raise eggs for the house, and these cost us a cent apiece. 


Cockburn Island, Manitoulin; All keep a few poultry, but none make a special business of it. Opinions 
differ as to the profit. Farmers permit a few fowl about the barn, but are reluctant to credit them with 
much profit. 


Live Srock Soup. The following table gives the number of each class of live 
stock sold in 1894 and 1895, by county groups and by the Province: 


; | ; 
a a) eS (o) o 3 S wn ®o 
S a 3 F = aU liee 3 
Fe 5 = 6 eee ‘s) 5 
‘ 2 ¢ aa = uw oS (Sh 
Live stock sold. S| sa x Ss OS BO = id z 
| © © pe - eo be eScoh, jae es eS a 
| c c 3 c ;¢ | 2 | 68 2 
: 4 4 O e She pts cS A = 
See ae FGA ay MIA TEE DL PS a PE UM ————— | 
reread eee 5,107 5,595 4,040 8,047 8,282 6,327 2,158 790 40,346) 
aE bales oe 1894! 5,802] 6,549] 3,808} 8,063) 8,277) + 6,782) 2,860 775| 41,916 
| Cattle ee 44,911] 70,730} 40,347} 107,892] 68,477) 57,134] 21,103) 7,537 418,131 
SAME af inti 1894| 49,351] 72,326] 41,254] 114,873] 71,520) 60,671’ 24,130' 7,573] 441,698 
| Neer 
1 Sh { 1895] 80,814, 102,532; $1,237 133,430) 116,092 122,727; 32,056) 13,427 682,315 
eos. 1894 74,469) 90,722, 75,443] 119,109) 97,312 111,850! 35,581 11,960) 616,446 
. | | 
here o ena 199,763} 119,161] 100,214] 282,439! 241,041) 132,214) 70,080 15,081} 1,159,992 
Dis eeisere® "s 1894’ 177,840} 100,775! 91,233] 250,379! 210,391) 117,719] 68,003 14,227| 1,030,567 
Poultry {1808 394,743| 233,530 117,590 455,641| 551,444! 407,872] 134,512) 37,126 2,392,458 


| add 349,978] 200,411| 165,976] 393,581) 479,041} 381,249] 126,401 34,585} 2,131,222 


Taking the Province over there were fewer horses and cattle disposed of during the year 
than in 1894, but there were more sheep, hogs and poultry. Every district shows an 
increase in the number of hogs and poultry marketed, and all but the East Midland an 
increase in the number of sheep sold ; while every group exhibits a decline in the num- 


ver of cattle disposed of, and all but two a decrease in the number of horses changing 
hands. 
73 


Pee ea a 


&9 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


THE APIARY. 


Spring reports were to the following effect : Many colonies went into winter quarters 
with short stores, and losses from this cause were considerable. Losses from outdoor 
wintering were greater than usual, and the cold weather of May and the backward con- 
dition of blossoms and flowers tested the vitality of colonies. A few reported losses from 
chilled brood and dysentery ; only three or four correspondents reported foul brood. 
Losses were given all the way from two to ninety per cent. The average may be placed 
at twenty per cent. 


The following was in the August bulletin: “ Leading apiarists among our corres- 
pondents report dolefully regarding honey. One in Huron, who has 110 colonies, had 
but one swarm, and did not get a single pound of honey up to the time of reporting. 
Many others complain of lack of swarming, and fear that after feeding back there will 
be little or no profit. Others hope better things from the fall flow. ‘The best reports. 
come from the St. Lawrence and Ottawa and East Midland groups, but these are not 
unanimous. No disease has been reported, and more loss is feared from starvation than 
from any other cause. A Grey correspondent sized up the general situation in the 
following terse report: ‘ No swarms, no sickness, no honey.’” 


The November bulletin said: ‘The discouraging account published in the August 
bulletin regarding the poor prospects of a honey yield has been verified. There will be 
a small surplus from buckwheat, and still less from clover. Unless apiarists feed back 
heavily many colonies will die of starvation. With the exception of having low stores 
the bees appear to be in good condition.” 


The following table gives by county groups and for the Province the number of hives 
of bees kept in the township municipalities of Ontario in each of the four years 1892 95, 
together with their value, including the outfit required, in each of the three years 1893-95 : 


fe i 
, oa P=] S @ se) na co) i 
5 5 & PI 5 a A 5 | 
2 : 3 fe 2 2s = P ee 
Bees. cs rs 2 = 6 BO | ¢ Sv ean’ 
co) 0) Se = 0) aS cS he A i 
ay. oid S) @ ay mee D2 ee © } 
S S o 3s 4 SS co 
4 4 o 5 4 mn ca Ari *| Eee 
No. | No. | No. | No | No. | No. | No. | No. | No. | 
1895] 27,264] 18,368] 11,708] 23,625 oe 43,880| 11,013] 1,292, 173,173} 
No. of hives .. 9 1894} 36,019] 25,159) 14:644] 29,146] 39/544| 46,281] 8,094] ‘1257 200,094) 
* +") 1893} 37,816] 27,758) 14,019] 31,244} 38,594) 46,382; 8 161| 1,166) 205,168) 
1892} 36,191} 28,924! 12,030] 28,201} 38,672/ 43,730 7,064/ ‘1,010 196,822} 
$ $ $ g 8 8 $ $ $ | 
Value of bees { 189) 148,886] 104,990) 60,630} 140,489! 198,504} 217,098 60,884! _7,677| 988,658) 
and outfit .. ) 1894] 179,126) 139,685} 78,575] 167,578| 207,983] 226,867/ 44,857 6,903] 1,051,574! 
"* (1898) 201,855) 186,265) 72,663) 209,213) 222,465 220,952) 42,569, 6,963 1,162,945} 


aS SET ee die edie eh eae eadlnineee oe Lend OueMee Me BO IM ee ee 
There has been a decrease in the number of hives in six districts out of the eight, and there 
are now only 173,173 colonies compared with 200,094 in the preceding year. The total 
value of bees and outfit has fallen from $1,051,574 in 1894 to $938,658. This heavy 
decline, following a similar one in the year before, leads to the conclusion that the honey 
industry has not been a paying one during the past few seasons. 


REMARKS OF CORRESPONDEN TS, 


Gosfield N., Evsex : I think the cause of so many bees dying during the winter among those not pro- 
tected by chaff or sawdust was that the moisture that arises from the cluster was formed into hoar frost by 
the long continued cold, and it gradually spread from the top of the hive until it covered the bees. Where 
they were covered with sawdust, and a porus quilt only between the bees and sawdust, the moisture was all 
absorbed by the sawdust, and the bees were kept dry ; and where bees are kept dry, cold will not kill them, 


74 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36}. A, 1896 


Gosfield, N., Essex : Bees are all right now. There has been a fair flow of fall honey, which has left 
them in good shape for winter. There is no surplus honey, and there were very few swarms. 


_ Tilbury N., Essex: Bees are healthy, and will probably have enough honey to carry them through 
winter and spring ; but for the first time since I began to keep bees T have got no surpius—well, perhaps 
one pound to the colony, and that principally from basswood. 


Oxford, Kent : Bees have given no surplus at all this year, and in many cases have not gathered enough 
to winter on. 


St. Thomas, Elgin: Bees did not gather enough honey for winter in this locality, and have been fed. 
In some places they got winter stores from buckwheat. On the whole it was the worst season I have known 
in fifteen years. 


Wainfleet, Welland: Bees have done very poorly. There have been hardly any swarms, and owing to 
late frosts but little honey was made. 


Stanley, Huron: This has been a poor year for bees. Some bee-keepers here have not had a single 
swarm, and have no honey. 


_Wawanorh W., Huron: Bees have produced no honey this season and no swarms. They have all to be 
fed heavily, and a great many are left to starve, for it would not pay to feed them, as they were in a weak 
condition or few in number. 


Brant, Bruce: A complete failure. No swarming and no surplus honey. Many have been and are 
being fed to keep them over winter. Frosts and drouth were the cause. 


Elderslie, Bruce : This has been a remarkably poor season for bees. Very few bee men extracted any 
honey this season, Most of the colonies will have enough honey to take them through the winter perhaps, 
but that will be about all. 


Glenelg, Grey : There was no honey product this year. Bees did not get enough to keep themselves, 
and had to be fed for winter. 


Sydenham, Grey: Bees are in a healthy condition. Hives are well supplied with honey, and from 
thirty to thirty-five pounds have been extracted. 


Lobo, Middlesex: There are no swarms and no honey. Fully one-half the bees here will die of star- 
vation this winter unless fed back. 


Zorra E., Oxford: There has been no honey and no swarms. When the bees should be gathering 
honey on basswood several died of starvation. They did not gather enough to keep them one month. 


Brantford, Brant: No honey has been gathered this year. Nearly all the hives have to be fed to win- 
ter them over. 


Eramosa, Wellington: At one time this summer I had six hives of bees, but they areall dead of star- 
vation. No blossom ; nothoney. 


Waterloo, Waterloo: This summer was a stunner on bees in this section. There has been no honey 
and bees have had ‘‘ hard scratching ” to exist. Some will have to be fed for the winter. 


Mulmur, Dufferin: This year has been disastrous to the bee industry. There were few swarms and 
lesshoney. My colonies doubled this year. I am feeding a few of the best but have little hope of bringing 
them through. 


Glanford, Wentworth: Bees have just barely lived. There was no increase. Colonies will have to be 
fed their entire winter’s sustenance. 


Chinguacousy, Peel: No swarms; not honey enough to winter upon. The worst season I have ever 
seen, 


Etobicoke, York: Bees look healthy. The surplus is about ten pounds per colony. 


Clarke, Durham: Bees have not done much in bright honey this year, on account of lack of white 
clover and the very dry summer. Very little swarming this year. 


Haldimand, Northumberland : The swarming has been very light, and in some instances none. The 
honey stored has been light on account of the drouth. 


Williamsburg, Dundas: Bees have made no honey this season, not even enough to keep themselves, 
and most of them will die before spring. A number of years ago this was a fine section of the country for 
bee-keeping, but of late years it has gone to the dogs, from what cause I am unable to say. 


Clarence, Russell: With the exception of two or three weeks in May the season was good for bees and 
production of honey. Fruit trees are somewhat backward in spring and cold weather. All the other 
sources of bee food were plentiful with the exception of buckwheat, and the weather was all that could be 
desired for them. “ 


Otonabee, Peterborough : Bees have not done well this summer. The colonies did not swarm, and the 
honey product was only about half. There was not much flora. 


Emo River, Rainy River: As to bees, I do not know of a single colony in the whole district. I feel 
sure they would do well here. The climate is dry in winter, and there are many more fine sunny days to 
give them a fly in winter than in the east. Itis not so damp for the hive, and from early spring to late 
fall flora is in abundance, as well as the various trees from which tc obtain honey. Clover is abundant. 
There is also a special guide that tame bees will succeed in the fact that wasps and wild bees are to be seen 
in the meadows, etc. 1 used to keep bees in eastern Ontario, and had intended to remove some here when 
we came, and it was only by accident that it was not done. I ‘believe the Department should send some 
colonies of bees into this district for experimental purposes. 


75 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


THE DAIRY. 


The August bulletin called attention to the marked decrease in the flow of milk, 
and in different parts of the western half of the Province cheese factories and creameries 
had to close for lack of material. 


The following was contained in the November bulletin: ‘“ The drouth affected pas- 
tures to such an extent that cheese factories and creameries experienced a heavy falling 
off in supplies. Most factories closed this year earlier than is usual, and creameries also 
had a trying time of it. Prices were low the most of the season, and the year has been 
a disappointing one to dairymen. Home-made butter is said to be still improving in 
quality, thanks to the influence of creameries and the travelling dairy. Most of our cor- 
respondents still express confidence in the cheese industry. The grade Durham continues 
to be regarded as the favorite cow, the Ayrshire comes next (leading in eastern Ontario), 
while the Jersey and the Holstein follow closely.” 


REMARKS OF CORRESPONDENTS. 


Colchester N., Essex : Cheese factories have been well patronized, but the business has not been satis- 
factory. The price of cheese has been so low, and pastures being short, the quantity of milk was limited, 
although a large number of cows were milked. Butter would have been better. 


Gosfield N., Essex : Three cheese factories were erected in this section during the past year. 


Harwich, Kent : Four different men have tried a factory in or near Blenheim, and have failed. The 
factory was run for about two months, cheese selling at 74 cents, but was closed in July, and has not been 
re-opened, ‘ 


Howard, Kent: There is but one cheese factory in this township where there used to be ten or twelve 
in operation about ten years ago. Cheese cannot be made here for less than 10 cents a pound. We became 
discouraged and quit, for we find beef cattle more profitable, and both cannot be carried on at the same 
time. 


Raleigh, Kent: Dairyiag is in a flourishing condition and good prices have been realized. The visit 
of the travelling dairy has borne good fruits. 


Malahide, Elgin: It has been a poor season for the dairy. Drouth and the low price of cheese have 
lessened profits. 


Dunn, Haldimand: The dairy industry is doing very well. The butter business is increasing faster 
than that of cheese, owing to our naarness to the Buffa'o market. 


Seneca, Haldimand: The dry summer caused pocr pasture, and cheese and butter have not been so 
profitable as in previous years, as the prices also have been lower. Butter has done better than cheese. 


Bosanquet, Lambton: This was rather a hard year on dairying, pastures being so bare all summer and 
prices poor. There is a considerable amount of cheese manufactured here, and it takes the lead of butter 
everytime. 

Dawn, Lambton: The dairy industry in this locality is contined to private individuals. No doubt 
there is a very marked improvement on the butter made heretofore, and certainly there has been room for 
it. Some think that butter pays best. Although the hot weather is favorable to butter-making, still it 
leaves the milk on the farm, which is a great factor in raising calves and pigs. The price of butter is two 
cents a pound higher than this time last year, 


Colborne, Huron : Most of the farmers in this township have practised dairying, either sending their 
milk to the cheese factory ur their cream to the creamery, and there are fewer fat cattle than formerly. 
Prices for butter not being encouraging, no doubt many will give up dairying. 


Grey, Huror.: Cheese has been very low during the summer, but is better now. Most of the live far- 
mers go in for cheese instead of butter. 


Hullett, Huron: The dairy industry has been very depressed. No creamery has been running this 
year. Butter soid for about 11 cents p2r pound in summer, and cheese from 64 to 7} cents per pound, 
but the make has b2en short on account of dry weather. 


_ Turnberry, Huron: The returns from the dairy will be very small, as pastures were so poor. Very 
little butter is made as compared with cheese. 


Amabel, Bruce: It has been a poor year for the dairy industry. The drouth and the flies have greatly 
lessened the supply of milk. The priee of butter and cheese has been very low. Some prefer butter, 
others cheese, for profit. I think there is not much difference between them. 


Amabel, Bruce: This has been a very unpropitious season for dairying. ‘The summer was so dry that 
the cows in many cases almost dried up. And then the almost unheard of low price of cheese—and that is 
what most are engaged in. Our cows have barely paid for the trouble of milking. 


Brant, Bruce: On account, I think, of the low prices prevailing in the early part of the season, the 
dairv industry has lagged somewhat, but I think a better quality has been made. Cheese has been engag- 
ing the attention of farmers more, but I do not know what effect the lower prices of this year may have. 
The quality of butter is as good, or better, than formerly, but prices have been considerably lower—about 
= gents a pound less. 

76 


| 
| 
| 


ee ee eee 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Elderslie, Bruce: More attention is being given to dairying than formerly. Cheese factories are now 
more in favor than creameries. The whey is being returned to farmers, and, mixed with meal, makes 
good food for hogs. 

Greenock, Bruce: Cheese takes the lead on account of the easy way of disposing of the produce of the 
cow; and it seems to bring in the greatest amount of ready cash. 

Derby, Grey: The dairy industry has not been very profitable this season, as the market has been low. 
There is much more butter made than cheese in this vicinity. 

Glenelg, Grey : The dairy interest suffered from drouth like everything else. Both butter and cheese 
have been low in price, as well as small in quantity. Durham grades are almost entirely used for dairy 
purposes. 

Sydenham, Grey: Most of the butter was made in the factories at Owen Sound, the cream being 
gathered from the surrounding country. 

Sunnidale, Simcoe: The majority of farmers about here think that butter making pays best, taking 
the skim milk and everything into consideration. 

McGillivray, Middlesex : The dairy industry is not in a satisfactory condition, and never will be until 
butter is made in creameries the same as cheese. The township loses thousands of dollars every year that 
it might make if butter was up to the gilt-edged standard of Danish or Australian. 

Westminster, Middlesex : There has been a small production of dairy produce and low prices. We 
generally stick to the cheese factory. We are waiting to see how the butter market experiment will succeed. 
The quality of our butter is all right. 

Westminster, Middlesex : Dairying has been the poorest for years, and cows are cheap. Butter was 
ahead this year, but is not likely to be so next. Cheese factories wlll find it difficult to keep their patronage 
next year. 

Blandford, Oxford : The county cf Oxford is a dairy county ; but cheese, and not butter, was and still 
is supreme. 

Brantford, Brant :. The condition of the dairying industry has been from bad to very bad. Butter has 
paid the best this season. No pasture, bad prices and hot weather have hurt the cheese industry immensely. 

Brantford, Brant: Owing to the dry season pasture was dried up. In most cases no green feed was 
sown, and therefore the dairy industry was rather small. 

Blanshard, Perth : There has not been so much done in the dairy line as usual. The butter factory 
has been closed this season, owing to the owner and the patrons being unable to agree upon a basis of manu- 
facture. The cheese factory has been running, and has done a fair business. Prices have been below last 
year’s rates. 

Eramosa, Wellington: Butter is mostly gone, as the production was small owing to dry weather. 
There are many complaints from cheese factories as to low prices and shortage of milk, 

Guelph, Wellington : Two cheese factories were in operation in this vicinity during the past summer, 
but they were not very largely patronized. 

Minto, Wellington: Farmers are badly discouraged about the dairy industry. Butter has been rela- 
tively higher than cheese. The price of butter has been a little better, but the quality has been about the 
same. 

Waterloo, Waterloo: In this section dairying is mostly in the line of butter for the local town markets, 
although there was a cheese factory started near by last spring. 

Amaranth, Dufferin: It has been the poorest year for cheese in twelve years. There has been little 
milk, and small price for cheese. Butter has not been much better. 

Mulmur, Dufferin: The turn out of butter has been less than usual. Two reasons for this may be 
given—the drouth and the increasing production of cheese. 

Beverly, Wentworth: Cheese-making has been a very poor business this season on account of low 
prices and drouth. Butter has paid better this summer. 

Glanford, Wentworth: The dairy interest is steadily growing, Butter is chiefly made. Some milk 
is being sent into the city, and this branch is increasing yearly. 

Esquesing, Halton: There are no cheese factories in this locality, A creamery was started on the 
separator plan last spring near Georgetown, but it has not given general satisfaction, as the hauling of the 
milk to the factory and returning the skim milk is regarded as too expensive. 

Markham, York: More have gone into dairying this year. Butter has the preference at present. 


Brock, Ontario: I think the butter industry has held its own well with the cheese this season. The 
quality of butter has compared well with previous years, but prices were lower all season until lately. 


Pickering, Ontario: I think the advantages of tactories and creameries cannot be too strongly pressed 
upon the attention of farmers, when we consider the depression in other lines. A few farmers here built a 
creamery last spring in a good dairying country, but our great difficulty has been to get patrons. Farmers 
seemingly are afraid to move out of the old lines. Although the creamery is built and we have the best 
appliances for making butter, yet we could not convince farmers to bring their milk, and consequently can- 
not get enough milk to make the undertaking profitable. 


Mara, Ontario: Dairying has been in a depressed state during the summer. Butter. has been paying 
better than cheese. 


Secugog, Ontario: The supply of dairy produce has fallen off very much. The hornfly has been very 
bad, which has no doubt affected the flow of milk. 


77 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), A. 1896 
me EE SEC ee 


Darlington, Durham: We have no butter factories in this township, but there is a large amount of 
cheese manufactured here. On the whole we do not think the dairy industry was quite as good as last year. 


Hope, Durham: The dairy industry has not been equal to expectations, as far as cheese manufacturing 
goes, on account of low prices prevailing in foreign markets ; and the quantity manufactured has not been 
up to the average of the last few years, owing to the shortage of pasture through drouth. 


Hamilton, Northumberland : There are several cheese factories and a butter factory in this township. 
More cheese is made than butter. 


Marysburgh N., Prince Edward : The dairy business is at ebb-tide. Cheese is low in price, and pas- 
tures have been poor. The business is now practically at a standstill. 


Camden, Lennox and Addington: The bottom has fallen out of the cheese market, and this means a 
great loss to the farming community. Is will be the means of driving some of them into something else 
next year. Some farmers threaten to run their cows dry in the spring and beef them, 


Denbigh, Lennox and Addington : We tried cheese-making this year but with unsatisfactory results: 
Owing to the low price «f cheese, the high rate of milk-drawing owing to the scattered population, the 
small number and inferior condition of the cows kept by many, and the distance we had to draw the cheese 
to the railway station (42 miles), the amount left to the patrons was very small. Those who made butter 
did better with the same number of cows. 


Richmond, Lennox : Dairying has been the worst for years. The production next season will be much 


smaller because of low prices ruling this season. Butter preduction during the summer does not compare 
favorably with that of cheese. 


Crosby N., Leeds: We have five cheese factories in this township, but no butter factory. Good butter 


is almost one of the lost arts, except in the butter factory. The girls all want to play the piano or else 
teach school. 


Williamsburg, Dundas: The dairy business has been very poor owing to the scarcity of pasture. But- 
ter is not made to any extent hereabouts, not one farmer in a dozen making more than enough for his 
own use, Cheese is all the gp. 


Alfred, Prescott: There is not much butter made here. It is all cheese-making with the exception of 


one creamery here on the second concession, which has not made much butter this year. Prices are very 
low. 


Hawkesbury, Prescott : The farmers in this township nearly all send milk to the cheese factories. In 
the early part of the summer butter was very low, but it improved later in the season. The only market for 
butter here was in the villages and to the farmers who send all their milk to the cheese factories. Butter 
has been better in quality than last year. 


Clarence, Russell : Nearly all stock raisers patronize the cheese factories during the cheese season. 
Breeders of heavy pure-bred stock feed most of the milk to calves, and make the surplus into butter, which 
is generally of fair quality. Not much of it goes on the market. After the cheese season closes the butter 
made is not much ore than sufficient for home consumption, and much of it is unfit for the market. The 
larger farmers who have cows coming in at all times of the year, make aconsiderable quantity of good, 
marketable butter. 


Cumberland, Russell: Cheese is the principal industry here from May until November. Then there is 
a great deal of butter made, and ina great deal better manner than heretofore, 


Gloucester, Carleton : The milk has nearly all gone to the cheese factory. There has not been much 
outter made, but it has been a better paying article than cheese this summer, as the price has been better 
than last year. 


_ Osgoode, Carleton : The cheese manufacturing business is becoming more extensive. Your correspon- 
dent can now count over a dozen factories within a radius of about five miles from where he writes, 


Dalhousie, Lanark : Milk has fallen off thirty-five per cent. on account of dry pasture and hornfly. 


Drummond, Lanark : Almost every farmer in the township sends milk to the cheese factory, and con- 
sequently there is not much butter made until the cheese season closes. Butter is rather improving in 
quality. 

Laxton, Victoria: People are going more into butter-making every year. Storekeepers state that they 
are getting a far better quality than used to be made. There is no cheese factory here. 


Verulam, Victoria : I should say that the dairy industry was very much depressed. Many more send 
their milk to the cheese factories in preference to making butter at home, but both branches have been dis- 
appointing this season. 


Harvey, Peterborough : Farmers are improving in butter-making, using dairy churns, good fine salt, 
and exercising better care in handling milk and cream since the travelling dairy visited us. Butter has 
been better both in quality and price. 


Tyendinaga, Hastings : Cheese ruled low in pric all season. There is only one creamery in this town- 
ship. Cheese is the main output in dairying. 


McKellar, Parry Sound : Butter is scarce, as the yield was not so great as usual, and more cheese is 
being made in the district. 


St. Joseph, Algoma : Poor butter is now the exception here—indeed I may say there is none of poor 
quality made, thanks to the travelling dairy. 


78 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


CHEESE FacrorikEs. 
factories operated in Ontario in 1895. 
and are estimated from returns received from 721 factories. 


given for the Province for thirteen years : 


i 
| 


Ce ree ane 


excess of the previous year. 
since 1889. 


1895 


1894 


1895 
1894 


seee es fe woe 


ee 


a ee ee 


sce w efers) He 6 sos 


ee ee ee ecerese 


ed 


re 


Ottawa: 


1894 


1895 
1894 


eee e esse srees 


pee coer 


J mene 6 ale Pa 6.6 = 


eee e eee er sere 


seer eerste reese 


i 


ee 


Oe ee Aer ae Tae} 


se eee es ew ee 


eee eeeeene 


Ceeie) <@)'ke e6 ¢ 


Average 1883-95. 


Milk used. 


Ib. an | 
84,586,648 
74,897,984 


58,165,551 
54,805,536 


17,588,586 
16,835,065 


229,771,579 
224,380,507 


107,499,761 
86,998 ,988 


534,670,093 
443,037,209 


140. 902,089 
126,140,901 


824,285 
481,641| 
| 


911,791,204) 
984,356,444 
865,453,574 
836,387,516) 
760, 146,327) 
686,369,013 | 
691,934,579 
654,703, 243 
733,437,254 
685,964,727 
539,696,197 


811,678, 962 


Quantity of 


Cheese 
made. 


“i. 
7,694,602 
6,917,462 


5,283,936 
5,033,613 


1,603,591 
1,571,673 


20, 842,027 
20,716,487 


9,836,600 

8,130,737 
50,702,830 
42,797,773 


13,186,609 
12,071,468 


80,145 
45,334 


1,174,008,592 109,230,340 
1,027,577,831| 


97,284,547 
86, 166,719 
93,848,948 
81,929,042 
79,364,718 
72,592, 847 
65,299,751 
65,638,656 
63,721,621 
71,209 719 
66,939,573 
53,513,032 


77,441,501 


Gross value of 
cheese. 


$ 
597,190 
661,921 


426,059 
482, 580 

| 
125,209 
148,697 


1,655, 304 
2,004,396 
| 

766,030 
778,571 


3,997,798 
4,186,021! 


1,033, 391| 
1,174,651 


6,408 
4,410) 


8,607,389 
9,441,247 
8,338, 709 | 


8,959,939 
7,656,484 
7,189,957 
6,787,619 
6,031, 470 
6,918,913 
5,893,818 
5,781,569 
6,998, 889) 
5,589,339) 


7,245,795) 


A, 1896 


| Average number 


AS 2 
ile Ite S 
# 1223| 35 
ee a ere 
eed i a 
Peat ie 
Sev iShares ter 
= > 
lb. | $a 
6,643] 10.99) 7 76 
5,697] 10.83] 9 57 
5,486] 11.01] 8 06 
4,929) 10.89] 9 59 
2,179] 10.97] 7 81 
1,781; 10.71] 9 46 
19,164! 11.02! 7 94 
10,486 10.83) 9 68 
7,451; 10.93] 7 78 
5,984) 10.70} 9 58 
24,907} 10.55] 7 8 
20,163] 10.35] 97 
6,771| 10.69] 7 8 
5,803] 10.45} 97 
110 10.28] 79 
46| 10.62] 9.7 
65,661] 10.75) 7 8 
54.839] 10.56] 97 
50,870| 10.58] 96 
48,601} 10 49] 95 
45,066] 10.56] 9 3 
44,838) 10.54| 9 0 
43,215} 10 47| 9 35 
42,065] 10.51] 9 24 
42,512! 10 54| 10 3 
37,665! 10.27; 9 25 
44,208] 10.30] 8 12 
38,646) 10 25 10 46 
32,636 nu 10 45) 
45,448 10.48, 9 36 


AMNHOD WS Wer WO 


Total. 


$ 
462, 630 
542,132 


322, 606 
383,751 


88,471 
113,281 


1,332,143 
1,682,828 


584,474 
632,425 


3,287,864 
3,576,710 


840,736 
996,695 


4,038 
3,200! 


6,922, 962 
7,931,022 


CuCl way ISO 
ee 
éfacee “eee 6 
es eeeeane 
pag) arasaye 
eeece' oeses 

ose eeee 
hm ween, ae wie 


The following table gives the statistics of 1,164 cheese 
These figures are given by groups of counties 
Comparative figures are 


| Amount paid to 
) patrons, 


SR WA CH 
© O26 SCF 
wo RO ON NH 


“Io 
“6 


eveeee 


ce eee 
eoecere- 

cone I 
ve ee 


eeees 


sie Ven ee |b, 


eoeeee 


The number of cheese factories operated in Ontario in 1895 was 1,164, or 153 in 


The number of factories, has increased by about 50 per cnt. 
Nearly fifteen millions of gallons of milk weie used more than in 1894, and 


the output of cheese was 109,230,340 pounds in 1895 as compared with 97,284,547 
pounds in 1894, showing an increase of about twelve million pounds, yet the value of the 
cheese produced fell from $9,441,247 in 1894 to $8,607,389 in 1895, or a reduction of 


$833,858. 


It took on the average 10.75 pounds of milk to make one pound of cheese in 


1895 as compared with 10.56 in 1894, the average for the thirteen years being 10.48. 
The price of cheese fell from $9.70 per 100 pounds in 1894 to $7.88 in 1895, the average 
The 65,661 patrons received only $6,922,962 in 
1895, or an average of 59 cents per 100 pounds of milk, while 54,839 patrons secured 
$7,931,022 in 1894, or an average of 77.2 cents for 100 pounds of milk. 


for the thirteen years being $9.36. 


79 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


Montuty Statistics oF CHEESE Facroriss. The following table has been 
compiled from returns of cheese factories which give full monthly statistics. The number 
used for 1895 was 155 factories, whose output was 17,778,933 pounds of cheese. The 
number used for 1894 was 158 factories, whose output was 16,989,246 pounds of cheese. 
The 100 reporting for 1893 produced 11,849,642 pounds : 


Milk required to 
make one pound of 


Spb pag Per cent. of cheese 


fi 
4] 
q 


Gross value of 


Scene Sted, ' cheese per pound. pa ay te made in month. | 

1895 | 1894. | 1893. | 1895 | 1894. | 1893. | 1895. | 1894. | 1893. | 1895. | 1894. | 1893. | 

lb. lb. lb. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. 

Dl ate he tenia site erb as | eR Aer 1OFAB Page cl ek s 10.31 (fe cela 98S) aioe oe eae 1} 
POUL ane en eieteve a aes 11.36] 10.89, 10.91] 7.07] 19.27; 9.89| 62.3] 94.3} 90.6) 2.2) 1.7; 1.3} 
Miiyy at a cctee s ote 10.90! 10.50) 10.77| 7.12) 9.49; 9.26; 65.3} 90 4) 86.0] 16.4) 14.3); 12.0) 
FUne ccc aee 4-11.20), 10.7910. 871. BS. 06)e 9.01) 9.14) 72.0, 83,50 8401 Zhe ei aoe 
UV eek cant eran 11.39] 11.23) 11.03\> 7364) 9.30) 9.85)’ 67.1) 82.8) 84.7(<18.3) 19 O20 75 
PA URUBD ne cane re - 10.99) 10.89; 10.89) 7.63) 10.24! 9.99| 69.4) 94.0] 91.7, 16.0 16.0} 16.0 
September ......... 10.52} 10.18 10 08! 8.47] 10.28] 10.58} 80 5| 100.9: 105.0; 13.2] 12.3, 13.9} 
Ciotaherd seeker 9.47, 9.52 9.46! 8.75] 10.26] 10.59; 92.4' 107.7: 112.0) 10.6, 12.4) 10.6 
November ......... 9.40/ 9.82, 9.02) 8.77; 10.04) 10.84, 93.2| 107.7; 120.2 ie 2.8 2.0} 
December .......... 9.31| 8.09; 8.57} 8.34! 9.65) 10.50 89.5) 106.9) 122.5 1 aa 1} 
The season ....| 10.84) 10.57; 10.60) 7.88) 9.69) 9.73) a 91.7 100; 100) 


| 91.8 sd 
| 


pe SEU tly NOS yh Check i 0 ofa A I AR Sai Be ee 
The average of each year shows that the milk is poorest in July, while it gains in 


richness till the end of the season. The greatest amount of cheese is made in June. 
July comes second, while May steps into third place in 1895, previously held by August, 


CrEAMERIES. The following table gives the statistics furnished by 53 public 
creameries for 1895, showing the quantity and value of butter made, the average number 
of patrons and the average price per pound ; of the 53 creameries making returns 22 are 
operated in summer, 16 in winter, and 16 are going all the year, from twice a week up: 


i 
o OD si Lo OL re Dias | 
: =, | 88 |Eas [eee | 
S Butter made. he one ‘Bye eames 
fe ae eee Ta 5 oe | 
aieey ow o~+ mH mm ft 
Creameries. i 3 bo ae Si ih ae | 
= fa u a & |B Ss Ht 
° Quantity Value 5S sca |=8as oS 28 
Zz : : < < = Oo 
1b. $ cts. lb. Ib. 
SSUITMIMLGI oe ee atte ate tase teeta Py 795, 804 144,101 2,511 18.11 2474. 4.18 
Winter wuetineiee eee ieee ils: 294,729 58,322 675 19.79 23 2120 as ee 
ALT ENOLVORL caine canteens ote 16 1,101,993 215,687 1,467 19.57 2b att 4.04 
Total— 
BOD Seles occeren ike | 53 2,192,526 418,110 4,653 19 07 24.40 yao 
S04 cient oe Mee ate 39 1,072,517 224.695 2,814 20 94 23.79 4.00 
VSS Pee ee 8 cakes a tiehe 37 1,353,785 287,078 3,926 DAL OAL 23.58 4.28 
LRG eee a Eves hs eyes, Mois 29 1,867,758 384,576 4,246 20 59 25.21 4.25 
189 Pees vat 30 1,402,309 | 287,559 3,293 20.51 24.61 4.15 


The number of creameries (including skimming stations) operated in Ontario is 
about 135. ‘The statistics in the above table are only for those creameries that have 
made returns to the Bureau. The number reported for 1895 is 53, or 65 if we count 
the skimming stations. Based upon the number of creameries, the butter made at all 
the public creameries of the Province may be estimated at 4,553,708 pounds. 


80 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (IN 0. 36). 


A. 1896 


ee ee a SS eS a OE en ee een a Se es 


CHEESE FACTORIES AND CREAMERIES IN ONTARIO. 


CHEESE FACTORIES IN OPERATION IN ONTARIO DURING 1895, WITH NAME AND POST OFFICE ADDRESS OF 


THE SECRETARY OF EACH FACTORY, 


Norsg.—No return received from factory marked with asterisk (*); new factories in 1896 (+). 


ee SS EE oe a ee 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. officer. 
Essex : 
Anderdon and Malden..| Essex Union ..... ...... F. W. Falls, Treas .......... 
Colchester, S ..... -.+: ETtOree ee ah awe ss George Pearse, Sec ........-. 
Gosfield, N ..... pears Gostiolds IN acronis: x ss 6 Peter Inman, Sec............ 
Gostield Diy a o.na paces *Kingsville ...... A PA, his R. J. Graham, Prop ........ 
Morsea sian sane fuck eee Blytheswood .........+.. EY Ai Leak Propate.s ots ets 
PDOAMINGtON oes. else. + 2 = Operated May 1—Aug. 15. 
+Mersea and Romney ....| George Robinson, Pres ...... 
Rochester ..6.. c0bee RUUSCOML Seed. seek ae es Severin Ducharme, Sec . 
Sandwich. O4- 22500 ue oa BiniOr tes tice see bolts Denis Perrin, Sec............ 
Tilbury, Ni®.ck 6 ess « Stoney Point............ Ne DisbteCyre eG. as. ae are: 
tTilbury Centre .......... John Richardson, Prop 
Talburys- Wie ens wee Gombery akan e ewes ktes s Alfred Halliday, Sec ........ 
t Ran only a few weeks in 1895, 
KENT: 
CACO eden 2 eect ant fi | Camden ernst: saeees H. J. French, Sec ..... vases 
ALMA. Bere atol a sah ae Chatham Gore ...... Petio NLGATtIUY. Wires te. 5 lee es 
*Sydenham Valley . ..... Wm. Howe, Sec _...... Pate ee 
HI Arwichwips ens op aloes» FONG CAU Tas ox cles bocce e's ..| Calvin Johnson, Prop ....... 
FROWN Mes Sato meie a sane Tra B. Rowe, Prop ......... 
LOW AEC net racks oe le PRA ELOW Nose eee see a ess R. J. Graham, Prop ........ 
PLOT Mi et be cokes aed at Mack rior oon crs shee H. T. Richardson, Maker.... 
pa babel tee e hoton es Core ea ae SIG PANU, LLOD le cc ec cate sd cele’ 
Taleigtiviaas cstv e sss IM erlitireetaee one. Marshall Bros., Props ....... 
*Middle Road....:.......|. Wm. Scaman, Prop.......... 
Aslpary berth... 3 soars Wialetbatvicwiae cath eae. hk. M. Gardiner, Prop........ 
ELGIN : A; 
AldGorough . sess oe + 528 cena PER: Aer Rh Soe en H. McLean, Prop...... 
OLIVE VPA eeu eee ek : 
West pee <A oa pdohn Hoe LavlorsoeC ar, atbees: 
PAY LANES Gs «575. oa al MOTT byiaar ed ates hs o> J) Le Browilateuse: uote 
Griffin’s Corners ........ ‘Benj; Brian) Sec... 4 oY. 2.30 
Guysboroiao ae its snes’: G. W. Marshall, Sec ........ 
New England (M.&B.Co.)| O. E. Twiss, Sonar. 1 See 
North Bayham .......... W, A. Elliott, DOGMi: whens. 
EN Ova OEO biaieas biel ok se vie Het McConnell, IOC, ry eens 
IMiGNNa dem ikee oa APES Wm. Watts, Sec "Treas...... 
Dorchester, Sc ov. es ese AVON esters went ces et Wins Morris, Prop iis vs: <2’. 
eIGVONS hae Hvcel eciaks 206 Sacerest Weke Martin; Pres... o.8.. 
*Springhields: 6... ls es John Yoder, Geghiy) ah 
MIT WICH bodied ots :e ores aie POUECOL RE een its cee James E. Graham, Sec Riri 
Wallacetown.: 3... .. 6... ANiGenlar. Prop ee yA a. we 
Pata idan re <b onsee | Drinboynd. we ptey ee aisadels James C. Haggan, Sod oe 
| Malahide, iss 65 34. .% HA pelle Sectaer. : tac wats 
Worthwyood +e. 4; teats: George Beckett, NeGwe as oee 
SatlimGld meee re ieed HDA orl lee dean ae oss eM clang hint | yuvec. dae | 
“Lona Scation ies. a.m. ©. A. Ostrander, Prop ...... 
Payne amills, . 28s D, Cattanach, Sec ........4. 
West Magdala .......... R. R.. Cranston, Prop...:.... 
PV TT GE LU wer ia1ah sats > a0! LA aie ole a Tee he a aes Je Wiemcott eProp = oa vests os as 
Mianleborirs,: poe oh 305% Jolt GROdIO. TE POD ota. ak ones 
Yarmouth Centre........ W. G. Sanders, Sec..... .... 
NORFOLK : 
Charlotteville .......... Tiymed octet a7 ps, be ce ent GRA Gray, eGnl .c dans ldae 
St. Williams ............; G. W. Newman, Sec.-Treas .. 
Watlorinmes tse ois os ote wate a> | John Pow, Sec .. aaa 
Whale gence cuisierge ohne eae ar Walter Rollings, Seo. fsck 
Mengitonyeysss ets ose Mb aryOreeke ts /ii4 pant Sa! so Wilt SODOEM sealer <s<gis. << : 
EP GAP EON Hint cress sealer lace Isaac Pearson, Prop ........ 


6 Ba. 0-8) 81 


Post office address. 


Amherstburg. 
Harrow, 
Cottam. 
Belleville. 
Blytheswood. 


Wheatley. 
St. Joachim. 
Tecumseh. 
Stoney Point. 
Valetta, 
Comber. 


Dresden. 
Tupperville. 
Keith. 
Blenheim. 
Blenheim, 
Belleville. 
Muirkirk. 
Turin. 
Merlin. 
Charing Cross. 
Valetta. 


Crinan. 
West Gorne. 


Corinth. 

Griffin’s Corners, 
Guysboro’, 
Tilsonburg. 
Brownsville, 
Lakeview. 
Vienna, 


Springfield, 
Dutton. 
Wallacetown. 


Tona Sta. 

Frome. 

West Magdala. 

| Sparta. 
Mapleton. 

St. Thomas. 


a ea 
Williams. 
Hite risk 
| Walsh, 
Clear Creek. 
Fairground. 


5% Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). — A, 1896 


County and Township. 


NorFroLtK— Continued. 


IMada@letousers iene es oes 


Rownsend es iss. ane 


Walsingham, N 
Walsingham, 8 


WW) indinanweee erie) ce sts 


W oodhouse 


HALDIMAND : 


Canborough .......... ; 


Rainham 
Seneca 


Wialpolow genase ee: ey: 


WELLAND: 


Berto wee eee Soa sie chess 
Grow lag: is 25), here ee eles 


Humberstone .... 


Wreaintieet sb ae cto oye ners 


LAMBTON : 
Bosanquet 


Dawns seeks acess eae es 


eee ee eo oee 


Moore 


Sarnia 


Sombrat nase bao asl 


Warwick 


HURON : 


Aphitteldincesuies wotusicns 


Colborne 
Goderich 
Grey 


eeevese 


esteecarecue 


a 


26 8 00-10 © 1¢ 0) 6 6 6.0 6 


eevee reereeee 


eoevre reer ee se ore 


eceersrseereeeree 


Chek etiW 8.0 16.19) 010,10 @) 61D” 0 


erececeesreoee reer es 


ereerseeeere eee 


eooeesevoeoveeee & 


ecreeere ee e# 


ereectoeeeereeoereeee 


CHEESE FACTORIES .—Continued. 


Name of secretary or other 


Name of factory. Post office address. 


officer. 
| 
Courtland (M. & B.Co.)..| O. E. Twiss, Sec .......... Tilsonburg. 
South Middleton ....... W. Ne Fisher pee Suneece sce South Middleton. 
OSL Qin. c soles. see ate Hed. Barbet-Propieo uate, Roston. 

I* Rockford jtvartowe ees. a W. R. Shearer, Prop ........ Villa Nova. 
Villa Novant made cet C. W. Kaufman, Prop ...... Villa Nova, 
Waterford seus ere wee ess | S. Cunningham, Sec.-Treas ..| Waterford. 

*Carholmein vaceeoseaes + James Knowles, Sec ........ Carholme. 
Marston 6: Scat actiber e's > C. H. Brayley, Sec .......... Marston. 
Rowan! ‘River... 6P6sica 5 S. T.-JSaekson) Sec 2.0.00 Walsingham Cen, 
South Walsingham ...... A. J. Herrick, Prop... . ....| Erieview. 

*BOokton le Ga sewed ak. James MclIlwrath, Prop...... Bookton. 

NEON Tie as sn oh Pek Charles Pettit, Sec .... ..... Nixon. 

*Vanessa (burned in Sept.)| Finlay Kaufman, Prop ...... Vanessa. 

+Windham Centre........ James Edgeworth, Sec ...... Windham Centre. 
Black (Oreéeki agro nwas en's IW OC 2Parsolisee rope es: ae Jarvis. 

*Hxcelsion..iae cee eee ality W.. H. Schuyler, Sec ..3..... Simcoe. 

Lynn’ Valley ences ons HAG. Ford, FL Op esis s acs ...| Lynn Valley. 
Attercliffe Sta .......... Harold. Hagle, Prop.......... Attercliffe Sta. 
Canboromsccees atom eien oN Pag st Prop ta was Canboro’. 
Kohler ie tears chate mies J. A. McIntosh, Prop.... ... Kohler. 

South Cayuga ....5. 0.4. Harold Eagle, Prop.......... Attercliffe Sta. 
Lakeview texaicn «cde denen Francis Splatt, Prop .... ... Port Maitland. 

*Hagersville., 32; «s.cawons Harris & Morrow, Props ....| Hagersville. 
Selkitk eee ahs weceees Edwin Hoover, Sec.......... Selkirk. 

| Dy neside 3 [vie os ae sen ee J. W. Fotheringham, Prop ..| Tyneside. 

tt V-OF Keeton ereaie a etek JeNp Pare, Propet. toe. acts Canboro’. 
Jarvis PHAast® 2c caw. canes Wm. Parkinson, Prop ...... Jarvis. 
aEVISURVVOSE Jee, tices are eves W.. Cy Parsons, Eropi.; oc he. Jarvis. 
Willowdale? We... are ten (Glosed ins 189a yr. se eae Black Creek. 

*Welland Ch. Co ........ Robert Chaffey, Sec.......... Welland Sta. 
Humberstone...........: Samuel Knisley, Sec ........ Port Colborne. 
HPorks! Road 28 rtke. Jc: Hnos?Marrs Sécey tence pene Forks Road. 
Wellandport ........... (Kan a short time) .......... 

HOLesG i or hace tact tee L. A. Duncan, Sec .......... Forest. 
Ridge Tree........ ....| Alex. Jamieson, Sec ........ Thedford. 
Brooke and Warwick ....| John Mitchel!, Sec .......... Watford. 
Inwood igen ia boven WA. Moffatt, See cn 5 Alvinston. 

SW evn iGh 85 oA i les ca ee W. G. Willoughby, Prop ....| Walnut. 
Mawlam’s Grove ........ John H. Powell, Sec ........ Shetland. 
Oalvid gene, Se ice eae ke James'Kerr, S661... os 8s Oil City. 
Wilsoncroft . ..... sesso (Not operated in 1895)........ 

Bie CA eta seeietess John Young, Sec.-Treas...... Waubuno. 
®Gala Bank 22'5.5.4 30 _eee-| J. W. Symington, Manager.., Camlachie. 
South Plympton ........ A. D, Anderson, Sec ........ Wyoming. 
Utsoxters ors oi Sean R.-G.- Bailey; See =. 2 ck tees Uttoxeter. 
Mayne. ete aae ae eee ce Duncan McDonald, Sec...... Mandaumin. 
Becher). oohae rene oe WA. Grant, Sees... 552.58 Becher. 

SOm Dai teu tes eee ven Henry Stover, Treas ... .... Sombra. 

*Maple’Grove (a bates J. Henderson, Cheesemaker..| Birnam. 
THOMPSON ds ocak a wes Pe Patterson,’ Decry. co. s esas Arkona. 

MWiarwiekiln. wicuts ss seaun J. S; Clarke, Prop .......... Warwick. 

VA shtiel dsr tise otiee acs heey Lottie Johnston, Sec ........ Belfast 
ORG rea acc ve PMS) ale Eo Charles Stewart, Sec ........ Kintail 
Wiest ELuron wi vitae cian. Wm. Jones, Sec .. ........ Nile. 

*Holmesville .......... W. B. Forster, Pres ........ Holmesville, 
Brussels Wree laces seus Harris & McLauchlin, Props..| Brussels. 
Futhelyre es cw dries eos abe Robert Barr; Prop. ,..2.. 2... Ethel. 
Molesworth . 2. +2... (26: Henry Coghiin, Sec.. ....... Molesworth. 
Walton aia. aes 2. os anies R. H. Ferguson, Sec ........ Walton. 

WH Ore wiGhis wsie oes sc eet ern Michael Daum, Sec .. ...... Kurtzville. 
Peoples’ eee oie cec'as se ue (Burned early in 1895) ...... Wroxeter. 
Springbank .........65.-. George Padfield, Sec ........ Gorrie, - 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Pesan oi ioe enn VN ee 


CHEESE F ACTORLES .—Continued. 


OSPR ae ke tale eee) ee VO eee 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. ae Post office address. 
Hceron—Continued. 
Piullettes site x ees s Cees Constance” f. fia. eee: J. F. Clark, Sec ......--+06 Seaforth. 
+Summerhill . .......--- George W. Hill ......... «-- Summerhill. 
McKillop As vn. eset ee so Winthrop <2 iso. veces.’ John C. Morrison, Sec .....- Winthrop. 
taney weno ss 3 52 ¥es Brucefield ......--esee0> Alex. Mustard, Pres ........ Brucetield. 
Stephon. .......6555 os *Coentralia. J... edek cae’ Richard Handford, Pres...... Centralia. 
OODLE aoa eons John Corbett, Pres .......... Corbett. 
Tuckersmith ... ....--- Rodgerville ........-+-+: James Murray, Sec.........- Hensall. 
Turnberry ......-seeeee: Bluevale ‘Jc... cece eee John Burgess, Sec .....---+- Bluevale. 
Wawanosh, E .........- Belgrave’... ise. 20.22 George Hood, Sec ........-+-- Sunshine. 
Blyth Sees cite ewies + 3s Charles Stewart, Sec ......-- Blyth. 
BRUCE: 
A mabe a etwis Pues s esse Wiarton ........-----e8 George H. Johnson, Sec..... Wiarton. 
PATTAL Belted ce anim dig A erit Oran ae csc se ye ees 6 B. Shirreff, Sec.......-+-.2-- Allenford. 
SU AUAIC HE Rera nd crt ns bse cee Ji De Tobey, Sée, 5 33... et: Tara. 
Teantioiansiete Coesanectee rank ee Ge nace veadees se Daniel Sullivan, Sec. ......- Malcolm. 
TOWEL sacs aise nis.ece stl = Thomas A. Chisholm, Sec....| Dunkeld. 
Bruce, hav seals oa 5) Ae Underwood ....-se+-4s- A, Hilker, Sec ....-..sse05-- Underwood. 
Carriek via eon ase Belmoree gs costes tees he John Hartley, Sec ........-- Belmore. 
Culrasheee son eee eke CRPhesty saree: Cwaimere Ss Chas. Button, Sec .... .....- Teeswater. 
Hastnotowcs f.0s thes as Barrow Bay ......++-+6- Robert Fair, ‘Prop ........-- (;ananoque. 
Piderslie ioe. 8 Fea 5s Elderslie No.1 ........-- J.C. Sparrow, Sec.......-- Williscroft. 
Elderslie No. 2........+.- D. N. McIntyre, Sec .......- Paisley. 
(Grpenock \. stats) ees Pinkerton’ ois. s.r eg. * Wm. Murray, Sec..........- Pinkerton. 
: *Riversdale’...... .'s +255 Joseph Chartrand, Pres...... Riversdale. 
PIGOU ee ce hee s bce tee aro fee eda a8 Joseph Doupe, Pres........-- Kincardine. 
PATAMOUDL Te. ane tes es Se HEA ONOWS OCS io eis + Sabine Lucknow. 
Pine River 244 vee cele eee Win. Manson, Pres.....-.... Pine River. 
Ripley) facae veks ee st se H. W. Farnell, Pres......... Ripley. 
Kincardine ........ «+> IATAMO Witt cola pease cuss R. B. Campbell, Sec .. ...- Armow. 
Berviem a eee sate Walter Kellum, Prop........ Bervie. 
OV Ax Cele ites htoee's A. Kirkconnell, Pres ........ Tiverton. 
Glamis Solne se eee fees Wm. Atton, Sec. ..-......-- Glammis. 
Wiillartonies rca es sic ere Alex. McNeill, Sec ....-.-. Kincardine. 
MCIM LOSE ak Sard ee «hata oerre acs Holyrood 9 43.248 sos cies « James Marshall, Sec.......-- Holyrood. 
Sin loue ie ie vive ae Sie Thomas Malcolm ... ......- Kinlough. 
PRIGKALOW eo eas 2 oe Sc ieus & George McVona'd, Sec ...... Lucknow. 
Saugeen .....+eeees coef BUPZOYNE... 20s cose acces James White, Sec ........--- Burgoyne. 
Stir weirs yey ees che ws's.eis's Isaac E. Haug, Sec...... ..-.| Port Elgin. 
GREY : ; 
TATEODICSIA shes os sce we MWieaherbotreceets ae ts ee 3 James Brodie, Sec.....,.-.--- Vandeleur. 
Markdale ......... Sr Ae) Henry D. Irwin, Sec_....... Markdale. 
Collingwood.........++: *Beaver Valley..........- Samuel Goodfellow, Pres ....| Duncan. 
Egremont .......---+++: *Boothville .....--+ee sees James Marshall .....----.> Dromore. 
WY BOWE ce eee Clea os oe acute Wm. Coleridge, Cheesemaker,. Yeovil. 
Euphrasia........--+++- FROCKAY A (cece teas = 4 al.§ Joseph W. Patton, Sec ....- Rocklyn. 
Ploiland et srs ommss ss a Chatsworth ...... a eae James McComb, Sec ........ Arnott. 
Keppel .....--e+0+ eee Pride of the North ...... W. H. Horne, Sec ..... . ...| North Keppel. 
Normanby .....ee-eee+> WA Tet Gh Ge cde wane see kate James H. Ellis, Sec ......... AJsfeldt. 
Mount Forest .......-.-.. Joseph Tuck, Sec ........--- Mount Forest. 
BV ATHOY: cies tone ait ee sere James Blyth, Prop .... ....- Varney, 
Osprey ....secssececces TSA JOOS o5'- Sole viekeeeis ae BE. W. Norman, Sec ......-.- Badjeros. 
Feversham ..: ..... eee Ds: D. W. Clinton, Sec.........:| Maxwell. 
*Singhampton ....-.+-+.- David Grant, Pres..........- Singhampton. 
PeMiLIHe Go in Case 'es able s,2 2 Pend ale Se Soe he ke one Robert Russell, Sec ......... Dundalk, 
VOR Gryiie de enero h eaiiee s 95 Ww: Fraser, Sec . ......---- Ventry. 
Victoria ie. i. eo ae dae es Thomas Lyons, Nec.......+-: Proton Sta. 
SIMCOE 
Pra cet x cie-V'n\e' 2 o's 5 ANGUS soak ass va 2s 019 00" Neil S. McEachren .......... Angus. 
MOA renee oo 0's WP Nea we *Orossland 2. Vie. oe eke James Drysdale, Pres.......-. Crossland. 
Wicker Vaile reise ice ase! hse he John Benson, Sec..... «ees: Tris. 
PM wAle Sey, eee Ses Alex. Murphy, Prop .......: Elmvale. 
Gwillimbury, W........ Bond Head........ se see | J. P. Wilcox, Prop......--.. Bond Head. 
Medonte Petr hO ia ais ST ERTS AaG ET. ssc iece'sie's'e W. F. Jamieson, Prop ...... Hillsdale. 
Nottawasaga .......s00- AVORIUT te ist: ete plans all's « W. G. Carruthers, Sec ...... Avening. 
Gien* Fraron?...0%.. 526s David Smith, Sec.-Treas ....| Smithdale. 
PA VETICOE St headin sss my S Black,WProp ieee <r seine Lavender. 
Silver Creek ........-. "|| J. A. Houldershaw, Sec... .| Nottawa. 
Stayer i ete ss tet. cee ne Wm. Mcllvride, Prop ....... Stayner. 


59 Victoria. Sessicnal Papers (No. 36). J ts SAE ASOG 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued. 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. Otese: Post office address. 
a 
Simcor— Continued. 
SPITS Meee ve Sees Northbrook 4.4020 0.5.60: J. Cuppagessecsp cious. fee's Orillia. 
CORORIAN NeW ce ire e504 y0.2)45) 6 *Crown Hill..... oe 3 sotate S's Bh... Ad Belli Seckeee 7 si. 4.4 Crown Hill. 
HastvOroeecae ee: 2 at 4 Ora H. J. Tudhope, GOP, wae Rugby. 
Lakeview <..00..4.% - | James RossSecs os. sas. Guthrie. 
MED Yae Veaheo tore S otla-d sin. chats North River (closed in ’96)| E. W. Kitchen, Sec ......... Lovering. 
*ViARBY ima ci ietuccaisniee sPia ates W. J. Jones, Presse: vet. .ss | Vasey. 
Tecamsethiise.c oe oe ses, li; Beoton +69 tered Fite cs Herbert Law, Sec ........... | Beeton. 
Cookstowie. suite. eos D. Hopper, Sec.............. Cookstown. 
ELIDY ciicgeie sean bee arts o's Wyebriige <5). ess H. W. Copeland, Prop re Se! W yebridge. 
MIDDLESEX : 
PAGAL Gs ak cs toae'nin 2 ere XKOrwood cau fe shin ate sales H. P. Richardson, Prop...... Kerwood., 
EK eyser' oo esti at elses Hugh EK. Wilson, Prop.......| Arkona. | 
PIGQUIPE tic bay os <n se Cedarvale=s\2 iS ustee pes. Michael Blake, Sec.......... Elginfield. 
North Middlesex........ George W. Fox, Sec ........ Lucan. 
CaradoGeuddentes dee. wes Oaradoe (58. mas net 4 
Mount Canela \ D, Leitch, Prop .... .. ..»..; Roome, 
Muneey Road .......... Chas. F. Price, Sec .......... Burwell Road. 
Wela ware teed. ales Delaware. 32st n2in to sae Ha). Smith, Seen se tesa Lambeth. 
Dorchester, N. ........ Burnsidesiecuceeenor ce S; Bart, See Pn cee wees Mossley. 
* Dorchester Sta .......... Sidney Smith, Sec .......... Dorchester Sta. 
(Fladstone sees. ceeeree B. Swales; Sec sie os os cee Gladstone. 
hal C0) = PR gawicstsy ih cone By Pe Hopkins; Prop’). 223.2 Crampton. 
Harrietsville ............ Robert Facey, Prop . ....-| Harrietsville. 
© Thames: cic ctiowieiss @ ale oie J. A. James, Cheesemaker | .-| Nilestown. 
EBkfrid seu. Ae, eae APPIN Fe cksk create tee Hector McFarlane, Sec...... Glencoe. 
*Maytairs sean cs cash e M. R. Brown, Salesman ....| Appin. 
TiGOU PG re ces seas oes Cedar Springs .......0.: Edwin R. Seabrook, Sec. ... | Komoka.. 
Tiondonens tise. cose * Birt Ste eee ees Stephen Corsant, Prop....... Arva. 
*Bryanstonis jis. .e ceca t) Benj. Wardh Pres. i. 72s. ass Bryanston. 
TLD OVAZESS eaters orto eetenieree te Fred. C. Fitzgerald.....,....| Devizes. 
Geary tye salience John Geary, Prop........... London. 
North Branch .......... Fred. Bailey, Sec............ Rebecca. 
*Ppoot Lane i sincsee ea 0.62 James Tier, Sec ............ Arva. 
into eELa Lae oe Cie wccele W. E. Talbot, Sec. -Treas .... Ballymote. 
Metcalfe ............00. *Na pier stains anes. sees W.S. Calvert) felts. ak Napier. 
PO LLG ON er Ohne ta cheet whee stale We s--siftonsPropie.. cnn. e- Strathroy. 
INGO Sat here bee ace shoe Gas len COGF ke ered aternatos Hector McFarlane, Sec...... Glencoe. 
IN 1SBOUUCE, SW istsroe nora os ses Blanshard and Nissouri..} Fergus McMaster, Sec ...... St. Marys. 
Cherry Hill. ...........| Hope Webster, Sec......... Thamestord. 
West Nissouri ......... Wm. Lees:Seq 20575. sees Thorndale. 
Westminsteri so... ssn ode Dermodt a, fare olan WHH* Odell Dreagiz* ss. ho Belmont. 
(Glan Wor Giiig ate dlaeteel. Wn. A. Brodie, Prop........ Glanworth. 
North Street ..... en OGR fe H. B. Stevens, Prop ........ Lambeth. 
Pondgvialisy <a eoe aes A SELMIGt, SON a Ue eo. yee Pond Mills. 
Westminster... 2.30... A. E. Carrothers, Sec. ... .. Hubrey. 
W hitetQakrus acs eee o. J. W. Crinklaw, Prop ...... White Oak. 
SAUNT COC pI ORG eee oe f Worn bill cae nes stemevs ne ete Dugald Campbell, Sec. ..... Fernhill. 
Wiiblaarne Wooo. 32s axe West Williams... ....| Wm. N IDIOEK SEG) Ss ectociouhen Parkhill, 
OXFORD : 
BIANGTOLO ats bel cisc.es a.) Bright we A aie eros RK. J. Henderson, Sec.... ... Chesterfield. 
| Hastwood ti. eos ates .| W. E. Hopkins, Sec ........ Fastwood. 
Pelanheitits sos ca sols siels ies OIG sca ohh tte ie eee od C,.K.-Correysisect: g.2e.oouc Drumbo. 
HPC EON GI a eae hd ass ose" os Brownsville Co. 2 fac-\ | E. B. Brown, Pres .......... Brownsville. 
GOLTOR eae ear e ets J | W. A. Elliott, See -Treas ....| Brownsvil 
Ouitlodenwu ee. oe: ‘| Wins Aa Edgars Props... Culloden. 
Dereham and Norwich ..| Wm. Jones, Sec ...... ..... Zenda. 
*Dereham and W. Oxford.| Wm. Nancékivell............ Ingersoll. 
TiaNysonna se. same eee oe J) A KnealiS6one 1: oes coe Holbrook. 
| wil ount loin sere ease ate Lewis A. Price, Pres......... Mount Elgin. 
* Prouse aoaciudesiee op one Thomas Prouse, Prop........ Mount Elgin. 
Pallorde mw sce db eoaae. | sa) AMES AVLAY DELEy: W9eG.. nae cies Salford. 
Merschoyles,. cies ss cies Suh. Gill Seciensse sss secs Verschoyle. 
Nissans heer e: Kintore, «ature ie iain |’ J. W Sutherland; Sec....-/) Medina: 
\*Kintore Branch.......... Thos. W. Alderson, Prop ....! Kintore. 
* Lakeside rence eons ues Robert Marshall, Sec ........ Lakeside. 
Murray sears. . ars oie iQ WV Me NECUArens SOG i. «. ealdics St. Marys. 
Olivers yon Wor wer ome ssid te J. G. Mcleod, Sec .......... Oliver. 
| Thamesfordiciade tcp. oon Chas. Jenkins, Prop........ Thamesford 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


CHEESE FACTORIES .—Continued. 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. aticer Post office address. 
OxrornD.— Continued. 
Norwich, Nei.) .....°. *Burgessville .....,.... \| C. W. Riley, Prop........... Ingersoll. 
XT ope i ies Sea e j| I. L. Farrington, Manager...) Norwich. 
* Dunkin; Wein ae wes Gilbert Dunkin, Prop........ Norwich. 
Norwich Junction ....... John McKee, Sec...........- Norwich. 
*Smith’sesee see teas oe hte Job Smith, Prop. sie. os s0s Norwich. 
Norwich, §...-.... senses } DOPUINGLONG a ieee ya ees F, C. Anstice, Prop Hn apa .| Springford. 
Summerville ys ccasacic. = G. H. Treffey, Sec........... Hawtrey. 
(Bone Ta sa Fag DREARY Oe ane i*Beaconsfield ..........6> Haggai Brown, Prop ........ Beaconsfield. 
Diamond teas eee cee te se James McConnell, Sec....... Vandecar. 
East and West pera My.S. Schell; Seckr ut. 028. Woodstock. 
Getord oN skews ut es apie Beachville. . ere. eeee| James Ireland, Proposes Beachville. 
Maple Dente cee oS .. Thomas Caddey, Prop....... Ingersoll. 
North OXfOrde sage as. sete: W. H. Sutherland, Sec ...... Ingersoll. 
Oxford, W ... ......... Pes Sak uk: Edward Hunter, Prop....... Woodstock. 
WestiOxtord o2.0 oo. ao G. H. Cook, Pres........... Ingersoll. 
WiOxT tig. Tae oie 15327 0h Syalorect FANCOTSON GE oe tie eee! s « 010 Francis Badden, Sec......... Woodstock. 
East Zorra and Blandford| A. Miller, Sec-Treas ........ Walmer. 
German Union .......... Pe JwAltemann, SG). com. eee New Hamburg. 
Honey Grove..........-. Robert Morton, Prop........ Cassel. 
Spring Creek.. ......... Andrew McKay, Sec ........ Woodstock. 
Strathallane sas cree os occ. Alexs King; Seow wa oes Hickson. 
TOLL AsWVicterse aes ofSeaks, ai» Bennington ...........+. Joshua Pelton, Pres ......... Bennington. 
(Brookedalers so8 cass ee cass Orlando Reed, Sec........... Brooksdale. 
FRBCE SURI tie die tae sass James Brown, Prop......... Ingersoll. 
TW eestiZOIraise stp dess © ass Alex. Smithy Presi icc fee e<: Embro. 
BRANT: . 
PraTtlOrdt oe ove. 64 < PO CAINS VIIORt so tcvouie she ee = 2 J. R. Alexander, Sec ........ Brantford. 
North Brant Wiese ices ane John German, Sec .........- St. George. 
MSUPLOLG sree Maas dha e 3 F0 Cathearks dedaies seattle oi... TT Do Costin, eProp cy ses oie so Cathcart. 
. Harleys aia k bemces fie «as Si Eals Barrington! sisi. 's «cers Norwich. 
MICeL VIN testa ine he oe 3 « AmeWieoSmithiseses ss cel soe Northfield Centre: 
New: Durham. <3... 2... James Paterson, Prop ....... New Durham. 
MO UMLTICPS i. phe =e eye FSi AG OOree teen tas cceia cess John Richardson, Prop...... St. George. 
*South Dairy Asscciation .| John Nunan, Sec............ Paris. 
CPRICIONC ceatieaes|A% a cts, ae Oakland Muae i venide. non. Wm. Martin, Prop .......... Oakland. 
PERTH: 
USP SE CS ita Cee Wes Bie Moura Blanshardrat sweets eae George B. Webster, Sec...... Science Hill. 
WIG WIGS SA. wie tds ae'e's « AVOR Danikatiiec sc(cetn wats Wine lier. : Secreta vse sess Motherwell. 
Black Creek’ o3..5..15. 2.5. Thomas Ballantyne, Prop ...| Stratford. 
*Gore of Downie.........- John Dempsey, Prop ........ Fairview. 
hire aahasaiene ta \ H. A. Southwick, Prop ...... Stratford. 
HEBREDOLO, ING oc ces + a8 Avondale v2) Mash kes R. M. Ballantyne, Prop...... Stratford. 
WMasthopejore -. «ens. ors "Pamistocl hte. cern clgers vine AVUs Bell Sec ase k oa ee aay Tavistock. 
ELIO ON teasers Se tat oe ois. e OIRBBIG coach is bv eet oie D. A. Ge Propevsse sats Stratford. 
Ellice and Logan ........ Dadi DPOWN: BEChr ees os iy ee al2 Kinkora. 
Elma ..... med ds nels, toate 0 Donner alts dss ses teins Thos. G. Ratcliffe, Sec....... Donegal. 
HNO oe nena mean Wm. Lochhead, Sec.-Treas ..}| Atwood. 
| Elma and Mornington ...| W.S. Burnett, Pres..... ... Britton. 
| Biman ketene tt onc ee .| Robert Cleland, Prop........ Listowel. 
Nieaitlancnidah wactieards wares J. R. Hammond, Sec.-Treas .| Monkton. 
Monkton st aii7.s s. 2s 3 os Aw Erskine Sec wi... 6. 5.505 0% Monkton. 
INGWPY sets vowels saute ah John Morrison, Prop ........ Newry. 
Silver Corners........... James Morrison, Prop....... Henfryn. 
TP rOW DEI POs sais owt ean ss John Adams, Sec............ Trowbridge. 
PUL AT COR onlajensth saa ¥0 «9-3 WallartOWeasuuten eos ess Thomas Stacey, Prop........ Fullarton. 
Sebringwille ck... ice. cen George Hamilton, Sec ....... Sebringville. 
EUSP Ge rete sie sos 0'g.0.0°6 a0 Stati no tuuhiien 0 oe spans s J. Di Walkers Prop sac... c.. Staffa. 
TOPAD An ate... - eect NV ILLOW STOVE: «is suk, tie 30 Marvin Leake, Sec .......... Bornholm. 
Mornington i.2.... 2.40). sea ack I OG oe } Fined acloePyop eee Westar 
*Milvertoncawstictetenterssn> ¢ G. E. Goodhand, Prop ... Milverton. 
WV AUSCEl ete bes vss ss *Cedar-Grove ........5 s» G. V. Poole, Seorgreic ate. Wallace. 
Wallaeeecci caer sare | Jeptha Vankleeck, Sec....... Listowel. 
WELLINGTON : 
PATGDUN 2 ches ere e+ 428 CON cree seine ceo Ore John | Wloore,: Prest.%.3<.. fe0 Conn. 
Kenilworth .........+0.. | George Cushing, Sec. ....... Kenilworth. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). — “AL 1896". 


pica eT ir ev Mae NN AR tI Al cae be eae AES eT A ee PO 


CHEESE FACTORIES—Continued. 


SE oo 


County and Township. Name of factory. Name of secretary or other Post office address. 


officer. q 
POG cop Rare Mah ites RMN ee mpeg | Ce A ISS ee Re 
WELLINGTON. — Continued. 
TOPAMIORA eaere Pe) ees ee | Rockwood wese en ieee Hugh Black, See...5 «2.05. Rockwood. 
Pir ise eee reer ines bass ss *Rarmer’s. ....... a. a Ae George Hardie Prop......... Orton. | 
Gaelphe eee estene ke oes x *Guelph Stiltom tore! sen Curzon & Graesser, Props....| Guelph. 
* Mrsv Parsons oiyitaes +s Mrs. Parsons, Prop..-....... Guelph. 
Milne 7a ee ye Wm. scott, Sec..... Sratlatah ab ote Guelph. 
TAU ENOL, WV wine De: ein vise *Luther and Arthur ...... John McNab, Sec ..... -...- Arthur. 
Maryborough..... .... | Maryborough............ Wm. Wilson; Sécvencaarss oe Rothsay. 
Riverbank sarc a sees sos hi Nicholson Seer. ee. sae: Riverbank. 
Wyandotte ........ +P \ Hlisha Dorners eres -6.oe1. | Wyandotte. 
DEI GO state croatia ateea ace Harriston sy cnese yes Se W. D. McLellan, Sec ....... Harriston. 
Minto and Arthur....... James Wiseman, Sec ........ Cotswold. 
Rea laten Guta es oe ae Goldstone...... se So] Woe Te) Wa 6, ISEGeA tae esse oe Goldstone. 
Peel ieee ee ee aes oe | John HoughtpSeea tyes: esc. Glenallan. 
WATERLOO : 
DimiriesrN asians. ves Galts. 24 peetea iver pater. © Angus McBean, Prop........ Galt. 
Waterlooeck ssa essed<e Hickory:2 tek ot eee Anson Groh,. Pres ...........- Preston, 
Oak: Grove weg sderayts Cousins & Dobie, Props...... New Hamburg. 
Wellesley ss i sedis «os Cedar: Grover foagn ans. George Bellinger, Sec........ Wellesley. 
Crystal Springs.......+... Ki Gi Winn, ‘Sé@iaizer. ay 252.6 Hawkesville. 
* Honey Groves sees dc ceten 1 J. W. Chalmers,:Prop.....2 4: Poole. 
ST intwoadsts do denssle can eit Alex:, Rannie,, Pres oc. 5%». Linwood. 
WirlinOtresnbens «loess Philipsburg esas eee R. J. Dobie, Cheesemaker ...| Baden. 
AV GOLWICI Tn Wail gi clsis ans <nsi¢ Hbnira ised, sas eeenees 6 Isaac Hilborn, Sec.......... | Elmira. 
DUFFA&RIN : 
Admarani thrice ts. 5 6c sc0 Laurels. jue Haeus cork orcas Jonathan Varcoe, Sec. ......| Laurel. 
Pv eritoant aval woe sce Grand Valley.......... DAE aa seb ben SOC ue he anise as ce Grand Valley. 
Melancthon .:........:. Oo ovenisiee alta ade eee Thomas Cornett, Prop....... Shelburne. 
Shelburne sewenee tx tea Jacob Walker, Sec.-Treas....| Shelburne. 
IVUOT Osun shes tele snes td oto p6 ee Gambia stereeteutes aaer Wm. Dynes, Set oii aceens- Granger. 
MonoiMillainy. ficean ons see Wm. Jackson, Prop ........- Mono Mills. 
ROSOMONG a yee -iheere ison So Hiwing: .Prestinnge. sce. Rosemont. 
LINCOLN : 
Gaistorrsian. ae. aes kee Caistorvilleiics. eee § aes. A. W. Edwards, Prop ....... | Caistorville. 
Gainsborough .........- Bismiarcley, 00), eet es one John L. Heaslip, Sec ........ Wellandport. 
GErIMBD Fi ices Sele as oot South Grimsby /..... Thomas Theal, Pres ......... Fulton. 
POUL eae ett «tas oie WTantheeetennas secede George M. Havens .......... St. Catharines. 
WENTWORTH : 
Ancaster. .......... Alberton’: 'oee vc Gitiaits,o ees Levick. Kellyeusecrtss y.. css. 5 Alberton. 
Rentorthae sci oot tees D. Hamilton, Sec.-Treas..... Renforth. ° 
Beverlynogda. oot e doula * Be vorlwva tenet tices fan, eres George Patterson, Prop...... Christie. ° 
TivnGen ses iste eerie sees John, Boyle, Sees leis 5 <0 93 Lynden. 
Sleftieldca. 24 ois vent atelees P.H. Green, Prope... +. s Sheffield. 
Binbroak vite a. esas. 3 EW COC HIT ce ovo eto eate ale ae Arthur Edwards, Sec .......- Woodburn. 
Flamborough, W....... Hredltowaesg cis eos selec one John Fulton, Sec.-Treas ..... Freelton. 
HALTON : | 
EDTRLAIS AN Gino e nate felt oct 5 Fee * Palermo: memisthe vod ls haa Henry Heeks, Manager ...... Palermo. 
< PY al RIG AL bce ek s tte cle te te Slough & McNaughton, Props! Oakville. 
EEL: 
"AI DIOn Grae ete hl ates as Mono Woad tel: oss aeties .|: 3. W. Shields, Pres..... .... Mono Road. 
Chinguaconsy .......... Condvers.. chop ee A AL Conover, Sécke air sts > Huttonsville. 
Edmontcn ... . ... ..--| Robert McCulloch, Sec ...... Snelgrove. 
Norvahotosccovceaamote. aR Groat Bropewices dts ans <2 Georgetown. 
Toronto sarienieetsle as 6 ss Meadowvale............- Oh W: Switzertoect. iin... = Meadowvale. 
YORK: 
£7 COPLUNB) e Ass, s a's e4 MULELGING wuts. Sa teeta cinta. | K. Greenwood, Sec.... ..... Sutton West. 
Gwillismbury, E. ...... Mount Albert .......... George A. Myers, Prop...... Mount Albert. 
Wowmarketi) weata. gies, < W. J. Willson, Sec....... ....| Newmarket. 
TUN Be ieee ved eas ee Hiversley manta tes as Henry kogers, Sec .......... Eversley. 
Kettlebyineat ate vente ass Ki. Cy Watton mec oss. Ss Kettleby. 
Marka vies vives ones Ringwood ity sancedest ops J. A. Mitchell; Sec.... ..... Ringwood. 
Whitchurch v2.1. 357-s AUvOrarasee ae eh A. Love, Sec.-Treas ........ Aurora. 
CFOrimley tears Aas cto nares Bruce Bros., Props ........- Gormley. 
ONTARIO: 
Brock (ossedas ls cake ciew Derryville ....-...... ..| Wm. Harrison, Sec.-Treas ...| Cannington. 
Maravcd ss ysis OReiee wy t3i Gamebridge 0.3... 5.\:5+ W. M. Stewart, Sec ........ Gamebridge. 
| Uptergrove.. icc: csc0s George Read, Sec...........- Uptergrove, 


om $e DS ye alt 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


BO Oe eg oe sec 


A, 1896 


CHEESE FACTORI ES.—Continued. 


Bie TSS SI a St ER i aR 9 SMR SSS SE Sear ere en 


County and Township. 


‘ONTARIO. — Continued. 


| 


Name of factory. 


. 


—_—- 


Name of secretary or other 


Post offi ress. 
cea st office address 


Richard 8. Parks'..........:; Manchester. 


TROT Ge Dein te Salo ointas *Manchest0rs osc aerate veils 
*Ta bor Droste... cieesee «oe. iWans prio) Jobe Rianne. alike OFM E CEE ye 
BWV HibO ye ed crt ve en's Brooklins sie sees sae D. Halliday, Sec .........--- Brooklin. 
Whitby iit. ee one Geneva regent ae. sleet as Wm. H. Scott, Sec.......... Oshawa. 
DurHamM : 
Oariwrie hie) oe, oe <tiex Blackstockeee neces: James Parr, Pres......-..00+ Blackstock. 
CAVANIE Matis Sohioni pense Fraserville 4% Asp ee in, Joseph Madill, Sec .......... Fraserville. 
PT Paitin eaten tects char kai tiale ave.0'= Hugh Gillespie, Prop........ Ida. 
ME etleasantres ae) pacts fe s\ Jamieson Bros., Props. ...... Mount Pleasant. 
MAIS TOOKN Lek. om « Ge ss se James Brock, Pres ... ...-.: Millbrook. 
CHAP KO a Wiet 2 ales + Kienalirry shoe's caetetelerets «5 Wm. Underwood, Sec ...... Kendal. 
FNiGwWLOR VLG) leew ee ree ss Wiis el ONES EOOG) Meee a cbieaece Clarke 
OrGnoeensin stint els se 28 < J. Ge Honey; Propiisaicn dates Orono 
Darlington 00%. $4.52... Darlington ss aces D. Montgomery, Pres.......- Solina. 
Hampton ...--..-eee- BS Ee Bllisy Seer ska. Ss se: Hampton 
Hope ....-+ ++ eseeeeees Pee viowh: "he SA ae aa ai \y. G. Honey, Prop........+: Orono 
Mativerse tf Ue tis PSeE WOOK Soe fe eicc cre J Ase ood « bropiiin acu tema. Fleetwood. 
DANGCLVANO AN ae Se cles ale cine s Thos. C. Birchard, Sec ...... Janetville. 
“NorTHUMBERLAND 
Alnwick ees ees Roseneath (Bensley) ..-. Dennis Keogan, Sec.-Treas. . Hastings. 
Brighton wie vas. es *Brighton and Murray....| J. Terrill, Pres 3% sod ec ee esss Wooler. 
POs are Pit lie terete otel res ae Hugh Strong, Prop..... ..+> Hilton. 
* OOPS GON sf <i u. gee g Wass A. D. Richards, Pres ........ Codrington. 
ET TEGO AS ian Fae ite ae 4 oe Als He ENOTME OC Lice cae «5, s1m8 Hilton. 
*Newcombe’s Mills ...... Mr. Hutcheson, Prop.......- Newcombe’s Mills 
Standard (Bensley) ...... James O’Connell, Sec.......- Warkworth. 
SOPAMAHO) ica’ cs case soe « Castlebar a ween: tunes Je PecMullettyirropeitsiec <<. Castleton. 
Oramahers ce ee nuta is eee R. A. Brintnell, Treas ...... Edville. 
*Morganston <2 ..0..66. 4-6 A. L. Darling, Prop ........ Morganston. 
Saloni, Wess parame aloes So Ha Dixon; SeGy s,s sac 3.0 Colborne. 
Haldimand ...... ....- Geatbon tee tee kooks Thos. Hoskin, Prop......... Grafton. 
*Spring Valley .....-.... Christopher Roberts, Prop...) Fenella. 
W iG Gwitradecle oes Oe Ao ace Bade GaiheldyPropss i... « Wicklow. 
Hamilton nes... cs des Battintotes leks vi ei eee F.S. Gillespie, Prop ........ Baltimore. 
Coldspring 2v.. vs ties 2 ole HOR. Frees Prop ire -ieae, <3 Coldsprings. 
CGTOWN fie eee aise toons TD. We PhilpPropi te asa. s+ Precious Corners. 
Monaghan, S ........-- BanstOree cee oes coke says John Riddell, Sec.-Treas ....} Bensfort. 
EMT UI TAY ae oa te Mesto s pac GATY MUST ees cat melas « RG Way, 7 eropes cate. cae: | Trenton. 
*Queenis Ss ees Sa ee, « Je AGEL iti mane oa Ses ee eee Trenton. 
Ropers ss tar cieete tesn.c a oc W. H. Phillips, Sec.-Treas.. i Frankford. 
Wooler sett ooniss cite toi 3 T’ORe Garratteoee an. -ee ess Wooler. 
PROTCY. Bette ee itd «vy t's oe ADGAVEE coy ees es cise ee 
MB PCa Rec aaistaes 6 5 = 1SWm. Bensley, Prop ......., Warkworth. 
TIN OPA eco u ts sateen 
RM ode lect tials Peete oro aie» Courtland Aggett, Prop... .. Godolphin. 
Warkworth ..........+. J. Humphries, Sec .... ...- Warkworth. 
MSOYMOUT 5 s5c05 bs eens STAC e ete coi elite Se s'* Gilbert Bedford, Sec .......- Campbellford. 
CHOWERDSY. ee eon st es ects’ James C. Cleugh, Pres ..... Sarginson. 
PUTDICGM ee saa el tie oe 8 R. Pi Grills, Secs. os. cece Campbellford. 
PEN GEBSG ties ais cae aas'se ae > James Strachan, Pres........ Menie. 
PAT e Pee hay ticle oak elere:s John McGrath, Sec........-- Campbellford. 
Meyersburg ......--+.++. | Nelson Simmons, Sec ......-- Meyersburg. 
Prince of Wales ..... -..| James Shillinglaw, Prop ....| Burnbrae. 
*Rylestonert le.’ sasaki ele John Arnold, Sec...........- Campbellford. 
*Seymour, West........-- John Rutherford, Pres ..... Campbellford. 
Seared ase site ess selene James B. Peoples, Sec ...... Preneveau. 
EV ANG a. ia tee tlt» #54 Patrick Kelleher, Pres ...... Campbellford. 
| Woodland .............- | F. Macoun.. ....-eeeeeeeeeee Campbellford. 
J/Princk EDWARD: 
Ameliasburg .........- *Bayside Were (ede Als. .'s. R. J. Grabam, Prop ........ Belleville. 
*Mountain View.........- Ax J Pottery eects Jr. cee Rossmore. 
Quinte ......- Pe a eo Alex. H. Henderson, Sec. ....| Rossmore. 
Sprague wits sere ees John Sprague, Prop........+- Ameliasburg. 
*Weller’s Bay ......--e0+- James A. Johnson, Sec ...... Consecon. 
CA ChOIE Socpitee sso Cherry Valley ........+- Luther Platt, Sec......... «. Cherry Valley. 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


CHEESE FACTORI ES—(Continued. 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. ofthicer 


PRINCE Se Sra 


Post office address. 


‘Hallowell . fave .0| Allisonvillegia. tere ars tee George Eckert, Sec.-Treas ...| Allisonville. 
Bloomfieldweyeewas cee David S. Hubbs, Sec.-Treas..| Bloomfield. 
Unionvale en eecnc ccs. H. J. Vincent, Sec.-Treas....| Picton. 
erie ere Ose clon 8 Cloverdale tc).n88. 0.4. L. G. Dorland, Sec .......... Wellington. 
Marysburgh, N ........ I* Cressey ‘cc. tea ieee wen John Prinyer, Pres .......... Prinyer. 
Unions 8 et eee < sess John Mitchell, Prop ........ Picton. 
Marysburgh,S ....... *Black Creeks Saawee bs 6 Mrs. J. M. Huyck, Prop ....| Bl’k River Bridge 
Point Traverse .......... Alva Roset Seca ite anes ase South Bay. 
“RoyaliStreetineeniees a, tes W..T. BStriker, Prop.G.ce- Milford. 
SOPHISSOUTZ). os ct oes es Ben Gill (Benson)........ A. E. Calnan, Sec.-Treas ....| Allisonville. 
(Bethel ine neue eee) W. A. Crawford, Sec ........ Bethel. 
*Big Islandagics ase ee ee a Ryerson Rankin ............ Demorestville. 
*Gilbert’s Mills .......... Richard Benson, Prop ...... Picton. 
*Grapevales...etuve uk os 28 James Roblin, Prop ........ Fish Lake. 
Maple Leaf.............. Alfred Foster, Prop.......... Fish Lake. 
Northport Wane eee R. A. Brooks, Sec i.:.....6. Northport. 
LENNOX AND ADDINGTON : 
Adolphustown.......... Platteoace cen tae ane Thomas F. Gibbs, Sec ...... Adolphustown. 
Amburst Island ........ Amherst Island.......... Wm. H. Moutray, Sec ...... Stella. 
GO IIGOM wae tes Sees eee Camden, East ....... .. H. J. Madden, Prop... ... Newburgh. 
*Centrevilleste 2s inne: Wm. Whelan, Prop.......... Centreville. 
* Croydon yee eee oa C. HE. Bartlett, Prop:.... ... Napanee. 
luMinterpriseneeimeeses scene ee Clancey, Prop ..... Enterprise. 
*Whitman Creek ........ A. B. Carscallen, Sec....... Enterprise. 
Moscow ecb ik iene. Vanluven Bros, Props........ Moscow. 
Newburgh (Madden) ....| G. A. Aylesworth, Sec...... Newburgh. 
Denbigh and Abinger .. a ae Des te eee es | Danone Waedeerone a Dievnat 
Ernestown ............ Bath ant ween 6 hen eee g | Phippen & Bro., Props ..... Sandhurst. 
HN pe yao errs ee here arte | W. F. Gerow, Prop.......... Napanee 
Farmer’s Friend ........ L. L. Gallagher, Prop........ Wilton 
Odessa e Pine ea nee Jt, Ce Mrasers SOG he eee ccm as ects Odessa 
‘Unton ites paneer aa C. E. Bartlett, Prop ........ Napanee 
eV AOletGR ieee areas Ge Takerty Propiteakt mae Morven 
phil ee HERD PeBW Cn ie ts tars Robert Metzler, Prop........ Odessa 
Hredericksburg, N...... beer Seer Gig to. E. Bartlett, Prop ........ Napanee 
Palace Road: .. i. 6s... W. F. Gerow, Prop.......... Napanee. 
Fredericksburg, S ...... Clon Way Aatwe ke «sana es EK. H. Phippen, Prop ........ Sandhurst. 
millevilesets wwe: Saese James Rennie, Treas ........ Sillsville. 
Kaladi igyice a ihe weer te CBoundary ity. serch ne: James Brydon .............- Flinton 
Bintonpecee aren See OO, Ma Roltfs i Propyewwees s Flinton 
Futelnvond ert accale ae 2 Morest Malls igen cces.a Alex. Hewitt, Sec.-Treas ....| Kingsford 
Melby, cise cee eee wet [poten Ds Hudgins, SOCu cave wars Selby. 
STSHTOTA ieee sete cee oe Clareview. sear... see John Garrett, Sec.........0-. Erinsville. 
*Shetiield 2 rue tates James Byrne, Prop ......... Tamworth. 
Tamworth ).iee bed oe James J. Barry, Prop........ Tamworth. 
FRONTENAC: 
BRIT Lemans wee eae oe <'ee CLOVTIC.. kites a ka eee aes ke Wm. A. Humphries, Sec ....| Cloyne. 
Bedford...3. 22. SpE Bedford Mallee ern | J. H. Singleton, Prop........ Newboro’. 
Pe Wink Ne Page ea tig a DePsAlouire® Prope. ate Westport. 
MLron)Junetion wesc. tec R. A. Popplewell, Prop...... Godfrey. 
B LiGhOrne tans sate aaa: George Lake, Sec..... ...... Tichborne 
Clarendon aint cad sides: ‘Ardoch trois, tne teens Alex. Munro, Secrets so) a Ardoch. 
Pl6Vn a Date knees eetcae Dawson & Wood, Props...... Plevna 
Hinchinbrooke ........ '‘Parhaiiver quecuraante secs George A. Smith, Prop ...... Parham 
Wagarvillee..c<.a. deus: W. A. Wagar, Sec .......... Parham 
Howe Island .......... *Thousand Islands........ John, Priori Sens walesee sss < ss D’Arcy 
Kennebec .....62...++ A TOT Tne Monee et hy eee ; W. A. Ford, Prop .......... Arden 
TH arlowevise cecal mhtas Robert Scott, Sec............ Harlowe. 
Wimgstont eats veces. ees DA PIP art nen eke. aus Re Hogan & Son, Props ........ Mount Chesney. 
Cataraquitaaaaaibiteae ess W 5 ic, aIDSCH GOOCH as. dates « «1p Collins’ Bay. 
*Glenburnie ead. cy. t..2 JORE DO HOWlers tet eas ee Mount Chesney. 
Glenvale yr. sau ers aves Joseph Cramer, Prop ........ Glenvale. 
Redden’ sitter mantise es yee John Redden, Prop.......... Portsmouth. 
PU OLBTONLE Careers AW Griac cee James Dougherty, Prop...... Elginburg. 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


I UT a ene cee ee enna en nn eee ENE aE SURELIE eeeGiE PESGARESATT 


CHEESE FACTORIES .—Continued. 


ee ee ee 


County and Township, 


FRONTENAC—-Continued. 
Loughborough 


eee ee eeeee 


eooereeees te ee esesee 


Palmerston 


eeeseesereere 


Pittsburg 


ee 


Portland 


eoevetersereeoene 


St rrington 


enreeereeeee 


Wolfe Island 


eerece eee eee 


LEEDS : 
Bastard and Burgess.... 


ee ee ee) 


Crosby N 


Crosby S 


a 


1 'izabethtown 


eee erwn seen 


Name of secretary or other 


Name of factory. Post office address 


officer. 

*Desert Lake .........--. Alfred, Paver) vse see eens es Desert Lake. 

*Worest acae sence cous John Moreland, Prop........ Sydenham. 

*Live and Let Live ..... F. D. McAuley, Prop........ Railton. 
Perth Koad aaa. .e: aaeaic<: Wm. Guthrie, Prop.......... Perth Road. 

SLonguakepiesy Ate ese Tra Smith, Prope. cane ee te Long Lake. 
Mountain Grove ........ Samuel Abbott, Prop........ Mountain Grove, 
mete Laker eses aids che George Bradshaw, Sec Crow Lake. 

Me iatted de tise cts Thomson & Avery, eop ee ..| Sharkot Lake. 
Shatbet Tiake@awiies.. GOA A Morrisy SeC may spice - Sharbot Lake. 
Zea nti dias sie Seteicinaltie ole sis W. A. Moore, DEC ibe ee ae csr Perth. 

*Donaldsouy tatsatrcis a ols ter Samuel Donaldson, Sec ..... Donaldson’s Mills 
Ompalicce usce dened te Dawson & Wocd, Props...... Plevna. 

R@ontraler wets eee res eh JA Ne linicoe . ah eenedan en «che sare Washburn. 

EGTANIGOLELU LO ative ms = S's « F, J. Henderson, Prop ..... Pittsferry. 
Keenanes Sone o2.nte oo. J. oe KeCBab, SEG igas ties 5 oe Kingston. 
Teowiake. lie tatee es esas John Dockrillj Prop) 2... 2. Brewer’s Mills. 
Maplecheal./.J0 sere es EK. J. Agnew, eeu .| Joyceville. 
Morning Star....... ..e--| D. McLean, Sec.. oie lurtes 

SPiNGiOrOVEs cia. ook ete e's John Dillon, Prop. Oe onan Brewer’s Mills. 
Pine Phas. Se tele cee ere David Trotter, Sec.-Treas....| Cushendall. 
Rose ET Net, terse 2 hes. sacs W. Fitzgerald, Sec .......... Dufferin. 

P W000 DIT we wath athe oes John Dennetincs ss sete v2. s/- Willetsholme. 
el ack acevo at eee Vanluven Bros, Props ..... | Moscow. 

|*Harrowsmith. Dee Bradshaw & Metzler, Props..} Harrowsmith. 
ee etca Ss va iain W. H. Reynolds, Prop...... Verona 

eB atterseaa ssc ues ae wees Hike McDonaldwes foc. se e3 Sunbury 
Bear Creek. James Greenlee, Prop..... ...| Sunbury 
Coldsprings. Re EE Lownie te C. W. Langwith, Prop....... Sunbury 
ADU Le agmesieeeete o metele seein Wm. Duff, Prop ............ Inverary. 

*Keelerville..2) S205 022) George Clarke, IEE, USOC UUs slate Battersea. 
Mod alia ts Pte tac werd o «tu Alexander Ritchie, DEG is ettes Inverary 

MO DUBICON ceareriete tenes «sae 8 Adam. Barr, Prophii.caciae esters Inverary. 

*Sand lille cse aster odeteaG «cs George Sands, Prop.. Sunbury. 

PESUTLOULY bse ucts povesaretsceiareie's John Me Donalds 285 2 ioe: «cles Sunbury 

Mt HA ges. jo aiea/elyte > ales Wm. Henderson ...........> Wolfe Island. 

| DOEATIO see net ster ee et Re A POOLpee rope vain ce orhele Wolfe Island. 

St. Lawrence ...........+ Joseph Kenny, Prop ........ Kingston. 

NV OlfeuLS ANG: ariel nie esse + | ohn Horne sie a staale sone Wolfe Island. 

MESIILE OBBiaeleteitiace eles is.e a 

PROM Abae w.nee eases 7.66 oma Myers, Prop ....... Portland. 

WIV Versahiis fu title wee eres cers 

* CAMEL Ysa cle cake saadivecn\ a, Fe 

PHIL PSVEL  eteiryeiste fee obs Smith & Knapp, Props...... Chantry. 

SEM pELOlO Wace «ig-s io as 
Island City No. 1........ Strong & Davison, Props ....| Delta. 

|*Harlem . ........-.+605- Henry Smith, Prop....... . | Harlem. 

BN OWOOVNGsttag senha <. Alex Ropermicon wt feng, 9 oct Newboyne. 
Portlandss, . pede tees ie EL. ballman, Prop js <5. «0's Easton’s Corner 

POA PO MAO O aicis ase Hat ehe) ete o7e «<h- 

PRLOUNESIM Ge net coh< ser aes | stein & Adams, Props....| Westport. 

See cs ah uate or 

ac ebeells srerortecertes| TJ. HL Singleton, Prop ...... Newboro’. 

*Clear Lake Union ....... George Kerr net, ve chee he « Singleton. 

OMIT gee creates ear ole’ oe E. As Halladayas pase os ede Elgin. 

Silyin, Model fais esp an . Dargavel and R. G. 

NROCKASl Gas en saieacae aes el Murphy, pores dots. asta pf WoL 

*Maple Grove ... ......: S. M. Halladay . tin cane) beim 

PMLOrtOM cei Use ters co R. H. Sommerville .......... Morton. 
Ontarion i. sot aka sea as J. H. Singleton, Prop ....... Newboro’. 

POA VIVAL ics, aa eee cis sige Saree « ¢ Raphael & Walker, Props ...| Farfield Kast. 
Glen: Buells ts 4 eed. on": OnJ, Gilroy, Prope is is. 0d « Glen Buell. 
Maple Grange .... .... Joshua Gilroy, Sec-Treas ....| Lyn. 

ROPE CAT het tis ote he she Strong & Stewart, Props ....| Lyn. 


59 Victoria. 


County and Township. 


L&EEpDSs.— Continued. 
Elizabethtown 


eevee ee ee 


Klmsley S$ 


mh @) “erwi tol eee es, 


Ce 


Leeds and Lansdowne F. 


Kitley 


Leeds and Lansdowne R. 


Yonge and Escott 


eee eee 


GRENVILLE : 
Augusta..... 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued. 


Name of factory. 


*Orchard Valley ete} 


*Palace 
Rockspring 
Royal Dominion 

* Riverview 


*FHarmers’ Guibics 
*Farmers’ Friend 


Brucs 


Rapids Valley. 
Selton 
Coldbrook 
Lorne 
*Gananoque 
*Marble Rock 


*Sand Bay 
Tilley 
Warburton 

*Woodvale 
Cold Glen 
Gilt Edge 
Island City No. 2 

*Lakeview 
Lyndhurst 
Seeley’s 
Springvale 
Aberdeen. 


Farmersville 
*Holland Union 
*Junetown ‘SA ” 

Junetown ‘*B” 
*Lake Eloida 

Leeds County. 
*Lillie’s Union 
* Mallorytown 
*Mallorytown Union 
*Ronan’s 


Thousand Island 


-e@ 


Algonquin 
Glenmore 


Charleville 


Maitland Union 
North Augusta 
Roebuck 


woe er eee 
eee erreove 
ecee 
Ce 
eso eee wre eeeere 


ese e ere eo ors eave 


“SH Unter soa. see 
;* Lombardy 


coos eee ese 
ee eee 

eoee 
oe eoe ee eeeee 


N a} IA i Su tas 


Fairfax... (ecco! 
*Gananoque Junction apes 
McCalpin’s No. 1.... 
*McCalpin’s No, 2.... 
Oak Dealt. oo exe 


Sdn on te 
SoHE de Cobaod dle 
a) ete ele aie alice 
b dtatrulWot bod 

an Woledalcdld 

NS depths 
Sigsenchevoha ays ie 

Mele Keuenttal sare 
DRY cet ne ; 
a eieheberererlets 
statt oman ietensite 


ee ececeenes 
cet eee 

eoeee 
eeeee 


eee eee 


, ee ee Se ee ae 


Springfield Union .. 


Augusta Model... hy 
Domville et ee 
Grenville............ 


eeese 
eoeeeee 


oe e- ee eeeees 


Name of secretary or other 


Bye ie Post office address. 
....{ (Burned down in October)....| Jellyby 
....| Strong & Kelly, Props .....: A ddison 
pete | DD ME Wtleons!? Proper (omens Rockspring. 
seve} kX Wr OPtG A PFO Daseindeine aa New Dublin. 
held. RB. MoNish leis: . ..| Maitland. 
....| Dickey & Stafford, Props Pricey ae Bigs 
ue st Se) Biv J MA EORT Regus mete ae Brockville. 
.. . | Alex. Cameron, Prop ....... Smith’s Falls. 
eae : J Michael O’Meara, Sec ......| Lombardy. 
....| Henderson Bros., Props...... Athens. 
et Smiths Knapp, Props s.c24) Chantry. 
a } Abraham Coad; Prop..t2.0) Brockville. 
jive J ohn Mackayo Séa)... vawes 1 Jasper 
....| Bellamy & Stinson, Props....| Toledo 
....| Robert T. Beckett, Prop ....| Kemptville. 
ce James Keating, Prop....... Lansdowne. 
Aas: \y Cestatord. Propane sce: Lansdowne. 
.-..| J James Donevan, Sec ....... Gananoque, 
ae \3. B. Wilson, Salesman..... Wilstead. 
John Connor, Prop ie). 2 Gananoque. 
....| | Henry McCalpin, Prop ..... South Lake. 
....| J Frank Dawson, Sec ........ South Lake. 
-...| M. K. Evertts & Son, Props.} Easton’s Corners. 
tan De Herbison: Sec Bye hoe as a: Sand Bay. 
SSE IW g Grier, SGC Vier sais Tilley. 
De SOW SL EGOES Ge wey nian oaus Warburton. 
....| George Bradley, Sec ... .... Outlet. 
Leh de Willonghby. Propy ose oan Ellisville. 
yl Kd, Coleman, \Seeshans sans oe « Seeley’s Bay. 
....{ Strong & Davison, Props ....) Delta. 
...-t W. H. Pierce, ‘Treas, 2....4: Ellisville. 
tow | AS Halladay Prop piss tess Lyndhurst. 
R. Gardiner, Prop.... ..... Seeley’s Bay. 
2.23) Norton Shook):Prop’, 22255. . Sweet’s Corners. 
itch ds As Berguson, Prop... 2220 Caintown. 
fee IW eid. W nite pecie ater dan eee Caintown. 
....| Bates & Brown, Props .. .... Elbe Mills. 
ie “Fiber Austin Ves tect ark Rockfield. 
....| Lester Brown, Prop ......... Athens. 
....| John Fenton, Pres .......... Escott. 
st fs Te ROL DISOIL Prosser that oe Junetown. 
....| Alvin Avery, Scc............ Junetown. 
....| Henderson Bros., Props...... Athens. 
....| Purvis & Ferguson, see Yonge Mills. 
Coe) SOON TL CFClV al mene seen one Lyn. 
Se A Wee Woalloryee Top. on 6 are Mallorytown. 
...-| Oscar Forrester, Pres ........ Mallorytown. 
ee AL Me DougalG Prop jeanne Addison, 
; | Norman Hutchison, Sec ..... Escott 
ea, Ges Godkigs Wseciear ates Escott 
....| >EHarl & Edwards, Props ... | Algonquin. 
Heel ttritia (Haris Ero puree tes te. a Algonquin. 
Seas) fi Vee Ip@emisecee oer. etc scale Prescott, 
ot OAM Pret wellne ro cers 6 ce os Prescott. 
J eee| ohn. Wilsonamecs. tad wie Maitland. 
Poe Vie Oe Hapa OCR ene + ieu.es North Augusta. 
....| J. W. Newman, Prop ....... Roebuck. 


A. 1896 


Le 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued. 


County and Township. 


——— — 


GRENVILLE. — Continued. 


Augusta.... .. 


‘Edwardsburg 


Gower, S..... 


Oxford) 2.2 F.% 


Wolford..... 


DUNDAS: 


Matiidalnsea: 


e 


Mountain .... 


Williamsburg 


orereree 


eee e008 


eee ee eeee 


eee e ee eeee 


ooo sr en eore 


eoeererr st eonee 


se eee r eres 


Name of secretary or other 


Post office address. 


North Augusta. 
Maitland. 
Brockville. 
Cardinal. 
Glensmail. 
Prescott. 
Cardinal. 
Morrisburg. 
Spencerville. 
Millar’s Corners. 
Spencerville. 
Spencerville, 
Prescott. 


Morrisburg. 
Kemptville. 
Bishop’s Mills. 
Burritt’s Rapids. 
Oxford Mills. 
Millar’s Corners. 
Kemptville. 
Newmanville. 


Oxford Mills. 


Kemptville. 
Merrickville. 


Merrickville. 


Brinston’s Corners 
Dixon’s Corners. 
Brinston’s Corners 


Troquo’'s. 
Pleasant Valley. 


Morrisburg. 
Morrisburg. 


South “Mountain. 
Hallville. 


Morrisburg. 


Winchester. 
Vancamp. 
Heckston. 
Bouck’s Hill. 
Glen Becker. 


Hoasic. 


Name of factory. Cia ee! 

South Branch..... orisha.) nos... WL6éeh eb rops ccs. ss’. 
*Stz7 LAWrences.t sane se «5 John McLean, Sec .......... 
Willow ssw eeicn opr si ie Andrew McNish, Sec........ 
@lovers Hall mec seaketterac-s6 « Wm. F. Burchil, Sec .......- 
Glensmail (Eager’s No. 12)| R. J. Bennett, Sec .... ..... 
Johnstown (Eager’s No.19)| Lawrence Rooney, Sec....... 
MT Amie: ECU 2 chee. 5 Sj ELAW ebb, senophcias ase 
Mainsville Mager s No. 7) Wu. Eager, ’Prop en ot oneen 
*Millar s Nowlineo. eso: George Fairbairn, Sec ....... 
MillarsiNog cians < sie. RGB Mallar SeGuiser. ae. vot: 
Millar’s No. 8..... ere Arch, Fraser, Sec............ 
PATON Ode Une ese ais Wim. Hunters cigs, a2 os. ce 
‘ Porrynree a accries <9 3 << Orange Dawson, Prop....... 
She LawrenGes + ace eaesss Wm, Keddie, Sec............ 
* DIM Votes. ie sere e-8 Win. W allace eo. tue ctv 
OTTO Hae tas oie ak tank as Grant & Hyndman, Props... 
CARTES TIN Or not ecieraia or ureleia John W WARIS Propet cao. 
Heckston (No. 1)... . ..| Wm. Eager, Prop ........... 
WV TIBOM SABA Y ahs eb pe oe George Eager, Prop.......... 
PESTER MOPS UNELLLS see area's cco ash Alexander Bros., Props...... 
*Burritt’s Rapids ........ AS Go Whites Seeds ovis. ors ass 
*Farmers Union.......... Geo. S. Johnston, Sec........ 
PAU LS Weve tele eleva a ete. s se KE. H. Graham, Prop ........ 
FICAMIpPCVINS Ute oe ties eet O.. Bush; M:P:P., Prop..:..- 
emanate (Pycoucle)c. cy Elec NC WANS, EC™ oo atlyjn alee ce 5 

xfor TLS, isi sah ode ate | . 
EPattnacua Cornerstene LeviPaten Props ces.cn «0 

Scotta(Protily) ote. Wit Scott, SeGi(iiivic ee <q dset 
*Farmer’s Own .........- Daniel Moir, Sec ............ 

oe sevatos: m Meaeeahaay \M. K, Evertts & Son, Prop.| Easton’s Corners. 
PUTO isc ior Ac. brates ale ¢ George Baker, Sec .... 

Advance No-:2 ...:¢....-: Thomas Scott, Prop.......... 

Advance No.3 ..........- Mrs. Thos. McIntyre, Prop .. 

Brinston’s Corners ...... Payne & Emnis, Prop........ 

Denes s Oo. a ANA oe 

owena (No, 10) ... .... 

Winchester § Springs (No. Wm. Eager, big 0) aera ae 

SE Shy 72 gg ES eA 
| Bast Matilda............ George Smyth, Sec.......... 

HA MCRR tie l oi. choke talacare George Reichardt, Sec ....... 
KOTO vaes sequctts eo ae Gavin Gilmour, Prop APTS lee 

Troquois (Hager’s No. 28).| T. W. Hare, Sec ...........- 
SIVIGCLONIN OO seretak genase Ec A. droodenProph. ..../se%'s's« 

Morrisburgeic oo. tee e C. E. Robertson, Sec ........ 
*Maple Grove. ..-....... Thos. McDonald, Prop ...... 
*South Matilda .2:si:..0% | Paul,Coongsy-Se0. io ie csc acc tas 
*West Matilda ........... James? Miller. 63030. .6 305s 

SAE ATIAIIN ete on Eh tallow erste aie James H. Graham, Prop .... 

Haale tay Y wy ies us Abraham Hay, Sec........... 

nkermann (No. 18) ..... 

South Mountain (No. 3) py \wm. Eager, Prop Sager evaler vie veka 
MU Hay:) Ge Matlacha ain es fie Robinson & Mulloy, Props .. 
*R 8rd COMIN On ioe. cis nis’ | John McTavish, Sec...... .«. 
ESCOLA I visite. ce leis oe | award scott, Propiais iiss. 6: 
*Bouck’s Hill (P. of I. ). ...| H. W. Ford, Sec ...... cere 

Bowen (No. te xs ‘ RRA Edward Zufelt, Prop .......- 

aughnawaga (No. 5) .... 

Riverside (No. 15) ....... \wm. Eager, Prop .......--: 

Colquhoun (Berwick No.6)| James Small, Prop .......... 
*Datibaremay ee vee, oe Daniel McMillan, Sec........ 
PTIGASIO2) oe oe Paras «ss .. | Chas. Weagant, Sec ......... 

pg Becker (P. of I.)....| Ira W. Becksted, Sec........ 

Slt Se Cag aie ie eee ee John N. Logan, Prop........ 


Elma. 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


County ard Township. 


DunbDAs. — Continued. 


Willhiamsburg.... 
Winchester .... 


STORMONT: 


Cornwall ...... 


Osnabruck ..... 


Roxborough ... 


GLENGARRY : 
Charlottenburg 


one eee ee 


seer e eee 


Ce ry 


er>toeees 


ose ee eee 


eeeceeo ee 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued 


Name of secretary or other 


Name of factory. Post office address, 


officer. 

North Williamsburg ....| James Dickey, Sec .......... N. Williamsburg. 

Ault’s NovTee Soro John W. Ault, Prop ........ Shanley. 

Chesterville ............ 

Morewood . ...,........ Wm. Hager, Prop .......... Morrisburg. 

Orion Wir Taree. ce yoke 

Craig & Son, No. 4...... Wm. Craig & Son, Props ..., Russell. 

Kendrick & Carlyle...... W. R. Allison, Sec-Treas....| Dunbar. 

Maple Ridge ............ | R. D, Fulton,Se¢ 2. .-25...8 Chesterville. 
*Morewood Union........ Frank Hiliott, Secs-. 42026 Morewood. 
*Moulloy & Co. (2 factories)| Robinson & Mulloy, Props ...| Winchester. ‘ 
*Rose & Co., No. 2....... John McTavish, Sec.......... Vancamp. 
*Summens: veces eee D. E. Summers, DECue tae stats Winchester. 

White Glube No. 1...... Alpin Campbell, Prop........ Ormond. 

SaaS iia Sale ee ae eae Preston McIntosh, Prop. Apes sees WinchesterSp’ngs 
MP tate he EE ES Se nee J. Os Simser,! Prop aeoss ose « Chesterville. 

Mie ee ih i: ue a PeNG baits Propane. tee Mille Roches. 
*Cornwall Centre ........ Thomas Tobin, Prop ........ Cornwall Centre. 
oe Reus see se") 1), M. Macpherson, Prop....| Lancaster. 
*McMillan’s Bridge ..... Peel, NGDiarmid sce: «se Martintown. 
*Mowulinettessi cose J. G. Snetsinger, Sec ....... Moulinette. 
*St.\Andrew'seeveckcs 4 aoe Samuel Lawson, Sec.. ...... St. Andrews. 
*Ashburn eee vos se »...| Hugh McMillan, Sec ........ Berwick. 
*Berwick Cheese Co ...... J. ©. Duame, Pres '........., Crysler. 

One) Mets cee : 
| Limerick { Ne 0) Sates \ Wm. Eager, Prop.......... Morrisburg. 

Cannamore (No. 14) ..... Edgar & Compbell, Props....| Cannamore. 

Cedar’ Groye im 2) Sac es cn D. D. Cameron, Sec......,..| South Finch. 

Crysler iy guctst ss Leto ss John Currie, Sec .... ....... Crysler. 

PING averse teen Benjamin Adams, Sec ......,| South Finch. 
MGoldtieldyy esse No ee eke J. M. Hoover, Prop......... Goldfield. 

Grantley (Berwick No. 1)} JamesSmall, Prop .......... Berwick. 

Lorraine’ Nomis ice... | Chas. Chambers, [Ag Ome. .| Chesterville, 
*Riverside’.. Wiese cee auk George McLean, Prop ....... South Finch. 

Colquhoun (No. 2)....... James Small, Prop NEEDS cspicalete Berwick. 

Dickenson’s Landing ....| ©. S. Baker, Phos a Grit Wales. 

Harran s*Pomt).2 ones. J. R. Farran, OCR ae ciate <o Farran’s Point. 

Dunenbnres. 2 eyed H. McEwen, ‘Regie ted aie Lunenburg. 

Newington 22.0002. eas Wm. Wood, "Prop ee PRAGA, 5S Newington. 

North Osnabruck........ Gordon Baker, Treas ........} Osnabruck Cen. 

Ontarioyiiecs hae aes James A. Zeran, Sec ........ Dixon. 

Pleasant Valley ......... G. H. Jackson, Sec ......... Aultsville. 

Avonmore (No. 68) ...... 


Dai s4N oF 18) ee ee 
let Rokbarough (Non 16) = hp M. McPherson, Prop ....| Lancaster. ; 


4th Roxborough {No. 14). 


*Black River No. 3........ PRN, Taitiee ropes ute fae Mille Roches. 
Farmer’s Joy............ Alex. L. McLean, Sec........ Gravel Hill. 
“LOG aie sae ae John L. Montgomery A ey yh Lodi. 
*Moose Creek No. 1 ...... Alex. McRae, Sec........... ' Moose Creek. 
Moose Creek No, 2...... John Fraser, Seo tei oaen | Moose Creek. 
*Kussell(No, 6300 so. 3 Wm. Munroe & Son, Props _.| Navan. 
Sandringham...... .. . | Alex. Fraser, Prop .......... Sandringham. 
Apple Hill (No. 8) ...... ) 
Christie (No. 67) ........ | 
Craig Nog2o) 5 eae ue ee 
Ferguson (No. 22)........ | 
Fraserfield (No. 64)...... 
Glen’ (No. 23)... 02.085 .D. M. Macpherson, Prop....| Lancaster. 


a SS eS a ee ee 


Glen Gordon (No. 7) .... “| 
Green Valley (No. 21) . 
Martintown (No. 20) .... | 
North Branch (No. 19)... 
Summerstown (No. 26)...1J 


192 


a 


os 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued. 


County and Township. Name of factory. — 


GLENGARRY. — Continued. 
Charlottenburg Camerontown ........... 
Martintown- igen, oe! 
*St, Raphaeliaesiose oo. o 
Munroe’s Mills .......... 
*Soush Branch’, 0.2.7.5... 
FLROCOW Neate tees oe od 
Dominionville (No. 18) .. 
Maxville (No. 12)..... Bs 
St. Elmo (No. 10) ....... 
Town Hall (No. 16)...... 
3rd Kenyon (No. 17) .... 
*Aberdeen No.1.......... 
*Brookdale 
*Greenfield 


- te eerae 


eee ee howe e es ee 


ee ese eee ee eeee 


ce INO TE Pires 
Maple Creek No.1... .. 
*Spring Creek (4 factories) 
PSSUBPRIN Ostik Re aii eee Sods ite 
MOeblevwueas eee eee | 
Bridge End (No. 4) ..... 
Glen Norman (No. 5) .... 
Home (No. 1) 
3rd Concession (No. 2).... 
5th Concession (No. 8).... 
Bainsville 
BinenG rove eworted.c acs 
Be Mercere Sicie Witen We “Balmoral siger) 2/7... 
Breadalbane (Spring 
Creek tee Awa) 
Cameron (No.6) ......... 
*Boyd’s 


Lancaster .. 


ee i ry 


Lochiel 


see ee eee ere ceoeoee 


*Kirkhill 
*McCrimmon 
*Mac’s Corners-23..% 505. 
qwalkeithe coat la 


see eee eo eesr eo eeee 


*Glen Sandfield .......... | 


eee er eco ees eee ese ne 


PRESCOTT : 

ARCA YR eg ae eke Alfred (Lot 11, Con. 5) ..| 
Bolt (Lot.8,Cons4).4 2: 
Hughes (Lot 36, con. 3).. 
Reo oe, xh (Lot 16, Con, 4).. 
BS Nate (Lot 20, Con. 2).. 
Rie ee (Lot 23, Con. 2).. 
healer, ste (lot 20, Con, 1 


Stet: (Lot 28, Con. 1). 3 
Seen (Lot 29, Con. 2).. 
alatan ip (lot 4, Con, 9).. 


Kk Re RK KOK X 
q2 
2) 
5 
& 
Q 
ie) 
=) 
se) 


eaoee ree ee rh oees 


eeoece eee er ee oe 


AEUALEIN Osi ote tie a Oe 
-++e.ee|*Albert Lee........ "ae 
*Ashgrove Cheese So .... 
Apple Bee Nos. 1 and 2.. 
CUMAS NOL beeee ee et. 
| Maple Leaf No. 6........ 
UY GrOVver ae, ee 
EK. Hawkesbury No. 1.... 
MOGRVED ES tat’ Lee mitt 


93 


Name of secretary or other 
officer, 


Horatio Collier, Sec.......... 
Wm. Irvine, Prop .......... 
W. J.:Denton;Sec 2.2...... 
Dv As boney, Propitencse 


D. M. Macpherson, Prop.... 


Gordon Fergusson............ 
Js Woalkennedy.cc8.2 te tenes 
Jud Cambrond inet os ee e, 
A. A. McKenzie ............ 
Wm. McRae, Prop ........ 
Wit Ds MoLecd,.Props..e.1 5: 
W. J. Denton 

J. A. Welsh 


ee em ereeneriveve 


ee reese ere sas - seee 


Sangster & McCuaig, Props. 
Arch McDonalds, 322. 0.2 


. C. McLaurin, Sec ........, 
D. M. McPherson, Prop .... 


Spring Creek Combination ; 
W. D. McLeod, Prop .. 


Wm. Irvine, Prop .......... 
Leroy & Ogden, Props 
V. G. Chisholm, Sec 
D. J. McDonald, Sec. 


Doué Daoust, Prop .......... 
A R Brownrigg, Sec wits je. several’ 
Eli Robinson, Sec. ......... 
Joseph Charette, Prop ...... 


eeeeee 
eeeetcese 


eoeeees 


Onesime Dubois, Prop ...... 


).. | Joseph Meloche, Prop ...... 


Alphonse Preseault, Prop.... 
Louis Tourangeau, Prop ..... 
Az Lerouxstbropu iy is..e ek: 
HH. Gareaus sits 22... 8. cS oanere 
James H. Molloy............ 
PB, Cadieuxs-Propy te ae. 
Calixte Castelletti ........... 
Chauncey Wyman..... SR Me 
James Hurley, Sec .......... 
Amede Leroux, Prop . wes 


Simon Labrosse, Prop 


John McNish, Prop ........ 
Leroy & Ogden, Props........ 
Edmond Cardinal, Prop 


A, 1896 


Post office address. 


SummerstownSta 


Martintown. 
Munroe’s Mills. 
Tyotown. 


Lancaster, 


Apple Hill. 
Greenfield. 
Dunvegan. 
Dunvegan. 
Kirkhill. 
Alexandria. 
Dunvegan. 


St. Elmo. 
Lancaster. 


Bainsville. 
McCormick. 


Dalkeith. 
Lancaster. 


Kirkhill,. 


Dalkeith. 
Vankleek Hill. 
Lochiel. 
Alexandria. 


Alfred. 

Alfred. 

Treadwell. 
Alfred. 


Lefaivre. 


Lefaivre. 


Lefaivre. 
Alfred. 

St. Eugene. 
St. Amour, 
Sandown 
Routhier, 
Routhier. 
Chute a Blondeau 
Barb. 

St. Eugene. 


| St. Eugene. 


Vankleek Hill, 
Vankleek Hill. 
Mongenais, Que, 


39 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


SE 8 cena eae Te SS ie eee a a RETRO IEE TL a OPT OI TL Oe 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued. 


a 
| 


County and Township. 


Name of factory. Name of secretary or other 


eres Post office address. 
Prescorr.—Continued. 
Hawkesbury, E ........ *Bright Star No. 2.......- Moise Lafrance, Prop........ St. Hugene. 
*Golden Hill . “asee-|-Daniel Hurley, Prop me. 15 Vankleek Hill. 
*Maple Leaf NCO ee eae John McAlpin, Prop. ...... St. Ann, Prescotv. 
*Maple Leaf No. 2 .. .... Emanuel Chevier, Prop ...... Point Fortune. 
Monoléa, oio0o cee Thomas Ross & Sons ........ Hawkesbury. 
Roseberry acu soe tiee an a Antoine Paiement, Sec .. ... St. Ann. Prescott 
*Spring Creek No. 1...... McCuaig & Cheney, Props ..! Vankleek Hill. 
eS Gardaleys.. apa set wales Samuel Stephens ............ Vankleek Hill. 
Hawkesbury, W........ * A berdeeMicr we de sereene Wm Northcott, Sec ....... Vankleek Hill. 
aey at UN, Set W. H. Byers, Prop.......... Hawkesbury. 
*Dair Bild Wee a: nF 5 
‘Gking Grecuninat tee. Neil Mraser tai schoo amuses Vankleek Hill. 
*Ottawa Valley (No. 6).. Wm. McAlpin, Prop ........ Vankleek Hill. 
*Sandy Hill ty ehees:.. Solomon Bertrand .......... Hawkesbury. 
Spring Grove No. 1...... S. N. Morrison. Prop.......- | Henry. 
Stare Geue De 7 sae | A... Arnoldy-Prop........6. Var iieer Hill, 
* Vankleek Hilles yoko: McCuaig & Cheney. Props...| Vankleek Hill. 
Longueuil... 0: oF.) 2. * Hast Bee ie No..4..| Leroy & Ogden, Props ...... Vankleek Hill. 
*L Orignal 5 cee Re H. Marston, Sec... .. Casshurn. 
dg OREO aa eect pean Saba T,ouis Tourangeau ..........| Caledonia Springs 
See RIDUR eA TAT oc yee UY TO) Ronson ree. clases os eet Caledonia Springs 
PlantagenetsN) Yu05. «> <<" to) San We oka ee Feat: | Denis Robinson, Treas ...... Plantagenet. 
*Brown’s Wharf ..... -. Aime Sauve. Prop. .........| Treadwell. 
*Ourran... Dosithe Cadieux, Prop ..... Lalonde. 
“PU DOIS iia e eee s ae tie louis Charbonneau, Prop....| Plantagenet. 
| F 32 ......... Eli Raymond, Sec .......... Wendover. 
TPA UEOD cite, ga teape rs <lzteral| Maxime Gratton, Prop ...... Wendover. 
+Plantagenet .... Joseph Charbonneau, Prop ..| Plantagenet. 
*Senecal . Gideon Senecal, Prop........ Treadwell. 
Springbrook Siete che hen siee Henry Moffatt, EnOp ie, pee =: Pendleton. 
Starve euwss John McCrank, Sec....... .. Curran. 
Pherrist heise cooks Charles Therrien, Prop ...... Curran. 
Tread well eee: A. H. Chessar, SES Gi ak Plantagenet. 
Wendover, CC .. ..... Senecal & Chenier, Props ....| Plantagenet. 
Plantagenet, S.......... BB ERAS eine ete ae xn a ae | Dosithe Cadieux. Prop ...... Lalonde. 
WGUTTIILET, Wie Meus eines es John M. Ryan, Sec.......... Fournier. 
*Maple Leaf Nos 1 and 2.| —— Cote, Sec ..........., St. Isidore. 
+Nation River (new) ..... Jolie Ryan eae eed eh ace hae i Fournier. 
Nation River Berry) ey Farrell & Charlebois, Props..| Pendleton. 
PendJeton ...... Henry Moffatt, Prop........ Pendleton. 
SRICAVENGM oH ok func eae ige Scott Bros. Preps)... at. a Riceville. 
Risse INOS. erties ae Wm. Munroe & Son, Props ..| Navan. 
"Sb; Tsid ores...) Geis. elect: Francis Villeneuve, Prop..... St. Isidore. 
RUSSELL : 
Gambridg tree: race 18 Craig & Son Nos 3 and 5.] Wm. Craig & Son, Props . Russell. 
Mayerville ..... .....06, Leonard Sanche, Sec. Treas. . Mayerville. 
AS bo Alberti wen woe Louis Genier, Pres .......... St. Albert. 
South Casselman ........ Damase Racine, Prop........ South Casselman. 
*South: Indian y.cus, Rance ees J K. Meredith. Prop. ....... South Indian. 
Clareneesy saw wie stig ee Phetbrook Shere aaelaw ad Chenier & Gendron, Props...| The Brook. 
“Base Linear .a-|: Merdinand Houle .).0.. 5.2.2 Clarence Creek. 
eee oi Are) 4). | \ wim, Munroe & Son, Props .| Navan. 
CA TARTE oN Magni. We State hs Alex, HEnier, RGD ican 25 oe me Canaan. 
*Clarence Creek ..... Magloire Landry, Propo Clarence Creek. 
* OWarencenevees «Wisin, eins W. J. Tucker & Co, Props ..| Clarence. 
“The Liar ea feentes Simon Ouellette, Prop ...... The Lake. 
atts decked onl sganaes ae Alderic Lalonde, Prop The Brook. 
\" Lavigne Need ENC ole eats Amede Lavigne, Prop........ | The Lake. 
Ottawa Valley No. 1..... G. W. Fortier. Prop ........ Clarence Creek. 
*Wendover pitts. le. ..| Emerv Lalonde. Prop........ The Lake. 
Gumberiange . c. ie wy. Bilae Bes. ve.caesoaie rok John Shirreffs, Prop.......... Rockland. 
Da mign ea tortts tats oes weet Samuel Danis, Sec .......... Daniston, 
|*Rearbrook ....:....0005. ay 
POV IGTA Ss Gry ae a eas | | 
*a 
Nurabie DS WRG AOS ¢Wm Munroe & Son, Prop Navan. 
*VicLexn’s Corners ....-. | 
\*\ontreal Road.......... J 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued. 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. Post office address, 


officer. 
RUSSELL.—Continucd. 
Cumberland, ..:........ *Normandeau ............- Octave Normandeau, Prop...| Orleans. 
*Philp greeter ne PME PRI propre a) ic. se eee Sarsfield. 
SAT fal A ee | Craig & Son No.1 ...... Wm. Craig & Son, Prop...... Russell. 
*Hnibrunte sees ese: Raphael Gagne, Prop........ Embrun. 
Rides (Ne Beh eo ae \ Win. Hager Rrapie: tins cee Morrisburg. 
*Riversidags: sac aes «ois oes Petrie & McKeown, Props ..| Russell. 
South Branch......... .- | Mathew Turnbull], Sec ...... Russell. 
Sprite ily as Ae ey Ee Hugh A. Lamond, Sec ...... Dickenson. 
. “Wihite' Stars be. ols. Oooke Re Long Prop tro vais See Russell. 
Td ON OLOCK CO; . a's. a. cae A. McKeracher, Sec ........ Marvelville. 
CARLETON : 
Mitzroye.- acres: V3 20% Elmda'e (Evertts’)....... D. A. Kennedy, Sec ........ Eim. 
RUVORUIOW oes te Hw eas \3 ohn Stevenson, Prop ...... Kinburn. 
Union Bride 6s.) 22). John Tierney, Sec.-Treas....| Arnprior. 
Gloucester saeu.06 een) Ak ]DISCKDUI \o.sae,045- tlh Thomas, Dappesec sols. o0. Blackburn. 
“Bowesville: oe 007 ee Henry Hardy, Sec ....... ...{ Bowesville. 
Eastman’s Springs ...... Thomas Kettles, Sec......... | Ramsay’s Corners 
pheitrim Pury wide pe oy TG Henry Cowan, Sec .......... Leitrim. 
Russell Road.... . .....]| Wm. Lennox, Sec....... .....| Hawthorne, 
Goulbonrngitt oy ef. see Golden (Cont 5) so bss oe: Henry Vaughan, Sec .. .. ..| Stapledon. 
*Ashton Union (Con, 8)...| Samuel McKittrick, Sec ..... Ashton. 
TRS Naan ic. \ win, Hager Prop 3.5 Jie. Morrisburg. 
Ottawa Valley........... Adam Abbott, Sec.-Treas ....| Hazledean. 
*Pleasant Valley (Con. 9).| James McCallum, Sec ....... Stittsville. 
AT OWOr NGM Le ie Seth l ee, Warsoneyrcg oot wees cuz W.G. Godkin, Prop ....... Carsonby. 
ACIDE SINGS UNS Se dS John iwright) Seg... 5... 0 North Gower. 
Nive Dalen cvekdn tua eic ae Cyrus Scobie, Sec............ | Kars. 
Wellington (No. 11) ..... Wins Hager,’ Prop.) 233 50: Morrisburg. 
Huntleysosns osc ee he, Kidd’s No, 4..... Ee Edward Kidd; Prop ......... North Gower, _ 
Menke venes. Sey a \. K, Evertts & Son, Props.; Easton’s Corners. 
Maren Geir ns lsc.s esas 3 Carleton Model....... . | S.S Cheetham, Prop.. ..... South March. 
Dunrohings ess cae ..| R. B. Younghusband, Sec...,} Dunrobin. 
Marlborough ...... .... *Burritt’s Rapids (P. of I).| Wm. McKamnna, Sec .... .. Burritt’s Rapids. 
TT OOOSLOW Ira etre at ener John McCordick, Sec........ Goodstown, 
bo Ala koi. oss Cet 26 Claudius Ferguson, Sec...... Malakoff 
|+North Rideau stip er ors. Orlando Bush, Prop ......... Kemptville. 
INGPERT I Ae? nett t taiend 2 oes Nios Daisey A. G. Dawson, Sec .......... Bell’s Corners. 
a | SEL) eres x rat Me 
| ee A npaye ee | \ Wm, Mager Prov. vs .-s<ss i Morrisburg. 
Jockvale ........ hich een oe Pernard Dunn, Sec.......... Jockvale. 
e Dyin lies ee on ky bits HG ASA OSten USOC Uo hee pokeels | Fallowfield. 
Soo. Cee Ge Mt ALTON cy eo cess Mee aes Joseph Taylor, Prop ........ Vernon. 
Ault’s Nos, 3and 4 ..... Jt AnltenPropntl ss \ien e520 Shanley, 
Belmmarieretas ea os ase B. 8. McConnell, Prop....... Vernon. 
*Centre Osgoode....... .. i D. J. McInnes, Prop ........ Kenmore. 
Craig & Son No. 2....... Wm. Craig & Son, Prop...... Russell. 
Gordon Model _...  ...| H D. MacDiarmid, Sec..... Dalmeny. 
Kenmore (No, 16)........ 
Marvelville (No. 9) ...... Wa aver, Prop <3. 0.4... Morrisburg. 
Osgoode (No. 28)......... | 
KiddiaiNor 3x5 ie. lode, Edward Kidd, Prop.......... North Gower. 
Moattaliote a. tee W.J.Campbell, Sec .... .. Metcalfe. 
"North Osgoode 2/2: 2... >. H. D. Stewart, Sec ......... North Osgoode, 
Osgoode Nos. 1 and 2....| Robert Pink, Prop .......... Kemptville. 
PUB SOOM ens Pe ae ek! Soe 2s), HED Norse Pro ph woes case Metcalfe. 
*Rising Sun Ch. Co....... Miss Thompson, Sec ....... Springhill. 
beh tS heen 
vy emit oe Pa \ WireReidaPropacds sa fentes Reid’s Mills. 
White Giobe No. 2...... J. R. Dow, Sec ... .........| Vernon. 
White Globe No, 3 ...... John McCaul, Sec .......... Vernon. 
White Globe No. 4...... Alpin Campbell, Prop........ Ormond. 
ple DOILON Sete. er tats ou, b Daisy 2c): IE ek: John Stevenson, Prop........ Kinburn, 


69 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


TD Ra Neer erent iN aa ans Ne aS Ss ee 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Oovntinued. 


cn eS ee a ee 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. Pea Post office address. 
RENFREW : | 
PRA MASLOM eee stan nt oe oc AdMmaston pce wean. =o: C. L. McCready, Prop....... Balsam Hill. 
*Bonnechere Valley ...... Thomas Lyons, Sec.........- Admaston. 
Union SOtatien Stee lane E. H. Tallman, Prop ........ Easton’s Corners. 
PANICO Te tasters sop foie sad Glark's os octet asok: = W. H. Clark, Prop ...... ...| Pembroke. 
* EGGS ayes scan Pier tea G. H. McGee, Prop ......... Pembroke. 
Bagole 7... esi t ies A Barry Valet. utrets getiem s * James Barry, Prop .......... Barryvale. 
Bromleyievadesties 6-4-5" QOaaedlavecsanes erties | Alex. A. Ferrier, Prop.... ..| Osceola. 
* TIOUSIAS wet dniate siesta ae pie = Maxwell Gibson, Prop ...... Douglas. 
Brougham......2.--+-.-- Mountain’. Soceuer eee. | J. H. Mundels, Prop........ Lanark. 
Garattane abate. 56 *Grattan (D2) Sie een «4 George Gibson........-..006- ,Grattan, 
IVIGNAD ee ibiise ces cues: *Burnstown os. vtesee= > | Croft & Denning, Props...... “Middleville. 
New Glasgow.......--+-- John A. Stewart, Sec.-Treas .| Harvey. 
W abate sh. cin cee viele’ | John Stewart, Sec.-Treas ....| Waba. 
Matawatchan ... ...... MAE, aa ae Dawson & Wood, Props, 2. 2: Plevna. 
Se Ag ae a Ww ‘ Mees 
Eas Sreenwood (P. of 1)---- 1). §, Luckey, Prop «++ Pembroke. 
Forester’s Falls..........- Wm. Grant, Prop ........... Forester’s Falls. 
Westmeath............. Tally eer tes eeereie® sae G Hugh Beach, Brop,. 422... .. Beachburg. 
Peat Wes a ated Bie Aten | J. H. Bromley, Prop ........ Pembroke. 
Wilberforce ............ *Hqual Rights...........- Jee Mc Gibbons tevin srs owe Eganville. 
(Rankings eh ete Thomas Leech, Prop ........ Rankin. 
LANARK : 
BAbhUre bse mei wiser see * Bathurst Mutuals: oc. joes Thomas B. Radford, Sec..... Elliott. 
SL LLITL LW: A: Moore, Seo -Treas ...| Perth, 
* Walibraok geen orem leery W. G. Cana ECan yee Fallbrook. 
Harpers aeiiee Saar ars Joseph Warren, Sec.-Treas...| Harper. 
Scotch Line............. James Fraser, Sec..... .---- Scotch Line. 
Tay siden wie. wientues 35 - Thomas B. Moore, Sec.-Treas.| Perth. 
Peck withiee me cae oats ses *Black’s Corners.......... Roger Robertson, Prop ...... Carleton Place. 
Prospecv P22 eee ees + = James G. Kidd, Sec.-Treas...| Prospect. 
*Pennysoute.ainatn votew ire H. G, Devlin, Prop ore yagi Ae Tennyson. 
Valley Queen...... _... | Wm. McDonald, Sec.-Treas..| Franktown. 
Burgess, N.......... .. | North Shoretioda. 3). 3% R. T. Noonan, Sec......... | Darcyville. 
Stanleyville ......... ... J. H. Singleton, Prop . ....| Newboro’. 
Se es orag etek ge Are! Ge Fea Sane ; W. A. Moore, Sec.-Treas ...; Perth. 
. Poland 2. os ick ote yistosae: G. W. White, See. 2.0. 6h .c0s Poland. 
Drummond ...........- *Ba'ldergon (Con. 8 ot 1). J.C, McGreron ee asc aga Balderson. 


*Dexter (Con. 3, Lot 15) ..| Donald McPhail, Prop .....| McPhail. 
*Drummond Centre (Con, 


FecLiOGLO) Meise mee aceite TDaniel Walsh, Sec .......... Wayside. 
Drummond and Elmsley.| John E. Rice, SeaClear ee NES Perth. 
Day ae ai glee paren Mathieson, Prop..... Perth. 
Hlmgle yaa N se eis ee ele es (GLO VO sc bumien Mae toate J. H. Singleton, Prop........ Newboro’ 
| Lone Star (Evertts’) ..... B. S. Snyder, See.-Treas ....| Port Elmsley. 
Wanarks cece ees Sac ee MU BOV US: cemieteh. a piece ne aaa Herbert Willows, Sec........ Innisville. 
BU W Oi aericths, css verter | James Herron, Sec .......... Herron’s Mills. 
Darling and Lanark...... John McKay, Sec.-Treas ....| Hali’s Mills. 
Hopetowitysecr tee eae John Stewart, Sec ... ...| Hopetown. 
Middleville.... .... ...- A. R. Melntyre, Sec.-Treas..| Middleville. 
MLONTARUC ca a ts.0 5.5 eS Cedar Pari tl ie oa sileciets uM. K. Evertts & Son, Props .| Easton’s Corners, 
*Montarianite ancients aniaee George Leach, Prop.......... ' Smith’s Falls. 
Rosevullezea she nce ote Strong & Clark, Prop........ Smith’s Falls. 
Pakenham ¢,4-\ss5-.-- ‘Pakenbatitee oo. detente B. W. Dunnett, Prop.......- Pakenhan. 
asaya] fisle athe an 2 VA Dpleton sacwemers Retr |, James Wilson, Sec.......+... Appleton. 
*Olayton RAY OL ee J. F. Drummond, Sec ....... Clayton. 
Hey Xo asa erage tag DRT cae ee Hiram McCreary, Sec.....-... Carleton Place. 
Mississippi Pride ........ | James Caskev, Sec.......... Almonte. 
PRT SEES EAR ok ge ule Ree M. K. Evertts & Son, Props.| Easton’s Corners. 
Sherbrooke, 5 -.... meet ae ee Mie es \w. A. Moore, Sec.-Tres ....| Perth. 
* Dakevie wus vaminen ws <tc Wm. Mitchell ............ ..| Althorpe. 


59 Victoria. 


County and Township. 


a eT 


VICTORIA : 
Eldon 


Pe ee 


Emily 


ene k aye side efs ee eis «le 


Ce ee 


wer erreeeeerose 


Bie wile ih), e)\9 eer om -a6) 016) 8 Jer eie, 6 


Somerville 
Verulam 


ooo eee reer eseoe 


Dirt CO) pC We Wie ie Ye 


PETERBOROUGH : 
Asphodel 


eereeosvreeeeeee 


Anstruther 
‘Belmont 


eooreeeeeerere 


Ce ee 


see eereereseestinee 
ee ee 


eee e ree eee eee 


RV RCVOV ce Suntan crete’ s 
Methuen 
Otonabee 


Pe ee 


oor e eee r ere tease 


see eee ewer ee eee eee 


HALiBu RTON : 


ee 


Ceres ewes orseeere 


ITN CONT se ake. Le en 


Monmouth 
Stanhope 
HASTINGS: 
Carlow . 
Dungannon 


see eer eee nee 


sees © COR seve 


seers ese oe oeee 


a) 


Elzevir 


eee eerree ere oceeeee 


Faraday 


eeeeree ev eseere 


Sessional Papers (No. 3 }. A. 1856 


CHEESE FACTORIES.—Continued. 


Name of secretary ov other 


Name of factory. Post office address. 


officer. 
' 
Ws Fs eto erie amen aera Jeremiah Lapp, Prop........ Lorneville. 
*Lornevilleéeecese erent. James McAlpine ............ Lorneville. 
*Downeyville .>.........-. Joseph Lucas, Sec .......... Downeyville. 
* CAxVOY AY gee ctaee ase ste.o1s E. G. Lytle, Cech le Monat hi Cambray. 
Cameconic ws cle ees. . t Manley Maybee, Sec ........ Cameron. 
Little Britain’ 3. . 5.0... - Os) BMV earsiy Erol... hc Little Britain. 
INL ATU aie eS inate ca 8 Wis White, "Secrets. 6 ve Manilla. 
Mariposa nonce cues David Rogers, Sec-Treas ....| Linden Valley. 
VPS IBN GLA enema chs ic aves George Webster, Sec ........ Valentia. 
INDEtin Opa tenses ns John Jackson, Sec.-Treas ... | Lindsay. 
BOA DONO peta tee cada ss: Joseph Brown, Prop ........ Reaboro’. 
Kinmount (Webb’s)...... J. Kingsboroy 6G ey is. se sts. | Kinmount. 
Bobcaygeon ............. George W. Taylor, Beers. | Bobcaygeon. 
PEVUMBEOTO wakes Sule cates iectce's Edward Thurston, Prop...... Dunsford. 
North Verulam.......... Emerson Tiers, Sec.-Treas....| Fairbairn. 
PUTA ype dniu eu aed yO ala e  etie Morgan Johns, Sec.-Treas....| Bobcaygeon. 
TAISveL eet i ce eee: H. W. McMaster, Sec ....... | Norwood. 
INGEWOOO Bocas ns ule len Hugh Spencer, Prop Berets he Norwood. 
Orion eet ae. ce James O'Reilly, Sec ......... Hastings. 
West WOOU!s Onesie sso =.c-teres Ryan & Thompson, ErODs: ...| Westwood. 
Rey tee ce ee cue: IW We VV TsO oh LOD nar gelieiiye Apsley. 
*Mehions A bDéyncmant oes Frank Parker, Prop *........ Norwood. 
Roun Hake op nus ac tc. Michael McNicholl, prot Havelock. 
Tare ue ne oe John Kitchen, Prop . ..| Preneveau. 
Trentbridge . Lh pen Re RO Stephen Watson, Prop. Aes RN Havelock. 
eV ICCOTIAY a: flercee ce oe Charles Wilde, Sec RS Decree Blairton . 
Ove Ye Cal pact Galler eho i Beat J. W.Ratelrif, Pres... 2.2... Lasswade. 
Gividgsdale wae wots te es John Minogue, Prope tao. tanes Chandos. 
Manletvestonseet oct George Brooks, Prop ........ Douro. 
Pine Grovee. cece ences Re. Little, Prop. ¢. 2.005. Lakefield. 
North Dummer.......... Frank Darling, Sec.......... Hall’s Glen. 
Oakdaloge Pore eR 8. S. Spence, Prop .......... South Dummer. 
Bboy Waker ret as > i James Robb, Sec ............ Stony Lake. 
A aa ttems BN Ca ae brea }s. Ri. Payne, Sea dene cca Warsaw. 
@edardaler mor. ccd. tune: Wm. Weir, Sec.............. Lakehurst. 
Narsickle wey 2. supce> «ale John Vansickle, Prop........ Wariston. 
Keene theta, home cn D. P. Mc¥arlan, Sec ........ Keene. 
Thongisseinn f) Sooke eee: Wine Weir Prope 2. 2. v5 oes Lang. 
Otonabee Union ........ George Stewart, Sec ........ Peterborough. 
Peterborough...:.......- WHGRW ood:Propl... secs’ Peterborough. 
SHeareesete see en acne John Miller, Sec.-Treas...... Lang. 
Central smithesye ss ¢-a5 Andrew Young, Pres ........ Peterborough. 
Cherry Grove...........- R. C. Humphries, Prop......! Westwood. 
*Lakefield..........:... :| 3. G. Galvin, See .... Lakefield. 
PmceViICw wee seas oe Ernest Mann, Prop.......... Bridgenorth. 
\*Missing Link...... ..... Frank Sager, Prop .......... Peterborough. 
BINGFOUR SINTON y Neco uk cee M. E. Sanderson, Pres ...... Selwyn. 
PAWEL Tita omy eyecare ue cee John I, Chittick, Prop ...... Peterborough. 
MIN OOr Linke. eda ce edces fof Asi Wi- Willis) Sectk’. .. gck-v's ors Deer Lake. 
Dysorthecsat ness Edward Holmes, Sec ........ | Haliburton. 
TUBULE OU ue oto trerein aback Fred. Freeman, Sec.......... Haliburton. 
PUIUMINIIGG Bile eos sete scs Joseph Dummitt, Prop ...... Haliburton. 
BAM ING Gn te awit aan shone John H. Delamere, SeGirs vars Minden. 
*Wilberforee sc ic. dese Alexs Riley Seer re: 6 a. «a's Wilberforce. 
SS GATIMODO ue ae tnt nan ole oes Thomas Godwin, Prop ..... Boskung. 
LOE Tobey ans. s mUeRy ep RiP pare Andrew White, Sec ......... Fort Stewart. 
PUATICEOLEC. Sets pe « sarusl acres Fred. Mullett, Prop ......... Bancroft. 
TRA eAD lear Gan oa cede Baspurr, Premises. dec wkees L’ Amable. 
Walkerville ............ DeKavanagh; Pred.) sf. Unmfraville. 
REN TEV eet ate cm recat Thomas Moore ...........+0. (Queensborough. 
Marble Spring .......... Je Si: -Dougan, Sec)... os «0-08 Actinolite. 
PRO RILOAC sents set ane hes Henry Foster, Pres.......... Faraday. 


Fee als factory (Viztoria Co.) was burned down in November, 189%. 


7 BI. (1-8) 


97 


59. Victoria. 


CHEESE FACTO 


County and Township. Name of factory. 


ee ce ee | ee es 


Hastines.— Continued ... 
Herschel *Beechmont...... ies a ct 
Bird’s Lake 


*Cedar 


enecerereecece Coes 
cece rere eevee 


eeeere reece es | VIOUUML eer eos rear e sree cee 


Hungerford 

\*Goose Creek 
Marlbenk 75 Gk cee is 
Moira Valley 
Moneymore 
Murphy 

*Premier 


coer ecoe se eo ee ee ee eee es 


© 0 (ee (44 119 Oe oo 9 
seers ec eee re 


Ce a 


eters eee e eee eee 


eoosceeoeee ee eseaeeess 


*Thom asburg nT eke get 
“Tweed 


Huntingdon ss. 0... 2... | bewlah hacia sa onesies 


@eoe.esee esos eeeee 


AM Oir acute s a actnetet a On 
West Huntingdon 
«White duaked.wes.cs seen 
Glanmire and Thanet. 
TG. c) lanieed eto ke rotten 
McClure 
Alexandria 
*Brook Valley 
Coldsprings 


Cv, e eee ere er eeoeceses 


Lake 
Limerick 
McClure 
Madoc 


cover reeerer aeons 
eeecceeeeoeeece 
eoeeresoese ees eeoeee eee weezer: 
eeeensovsecantevecns | LRICOXADOTI A cleave = oss be 015 6 


e@eoer,errs eens 


ececeeecvneeacee 


*Sonng aaa eh AS aA Bia 
Spring Hill 
Balsam Grove 


eoeoereeeer ee se oteoee 


eeerecer eee eoees 
eee eceeseeoecte 
ow eee sr eoeeeese 


erceoseoees 


eececcoereetr nee eevee 


Marmora 
IBaversid ey sas ack cle ciea es 
*Carlow and Mayo 
*Mayo and Raglan 
*Mayo and Dungannon 
Greenview 


Monteagle..........-... 
Rawdon i 


pPeeseeecececeeee eet BPAL UL eee ers cee eevee vese 


Beliythtat at ate aeede tee 
*Big Springs 
* Cle teal fy ci sehecud orsuatbe oe nee 

Enterprise 

Evergreen 
“Harold Phe sate waeeds wae 

Kippet one cotiaee oa 

Maple Ioeat ae. .ab.se se oes 
*Monarch 


ee ere er ee ees 


er eer eee ee ee eee 


ewer reo eee se oe 


eceeores reser eo eer 


eset weer o eae 


SDLIneS brYaGK ff... .244.- 
| Spry 
Stirling 
Bayside 


eC 
fees er coer eeere 
ie 6c etel@nore fe teh e-sielvecin ||: Woneu es LCL Ce Be Situtre test etre ca ae LanWl ere 
eoeeeeseceesoresec ee 


*Frankford 


Sessional Papers (No, 36). 


A, 1896 


RIES.—Continucd. 


Name of secretary or other |p).4 Aid add rans 


GLOWS © nia, ciuiein avo's beers bs» We 
*Ketcheson 
Shamrock 

MOREY Ue icon deta hit othe 
*Sidney Town Hall 
Springfield 


eecoceeree err ee 


oeere> eer ee eeoe 


feeoeee 


eoceceeeee eer eres 


officer, 

| 1 

| Manley Valleau, Pres........ Bancroft. 
H, Cy Zabell,,.Presimeie . ccxsn Bird’s Creek. 
Andrew Kirk, Prop.......... Chapman 

| John W. Beatty, Pres ..... Bogart 
James Stimson .............. Marlbank. 
A. A. Allen, Sec.-Treas..... Marlbank, 
John Stokes, Pres ..... ..... Thomasburg. 

| John Thompson, Sec.-Treas..| Moneymore. 
Patrick Murphy, Prop ...... Stoco, 

| TE. Willson, Preys. sta. s. Thomasburg. 
Joseph Gabourie, Prop ..... Tweed. 
James Clare, Pres .......... Chapman 
S. C. Mulroney, Pres ........ Stoco. 
Murney Coulter, Pres ....... Thomasburg. 
Thomas Graham, Pres ...... Tweed. 
Robert Sayers, Pres......:... Tweed 
John Fleming, Pres.......... Ivanhoe 
John O’Reilly, Pres.......... Madoc 
PAMUCL RAY» ELess sesame Fuller 
David Corrigall, Pres........ Moira. 
James Haggarty, Pres ... .. W. Huntingdon. 

' Hector Wood, Pres......... Ivanhoe. 
ID) Tarnvmiia bres) ye cer ae oe Glanmire. 
Peters C lark omen atte St. Olo. 
James Taylor, Sec .......... Maynooth. 
W. H. Dingman, Sec........| Madoc. [ners. 
Thos. E. Burnside, Pres...... Hazzard’s Cor- 
A. M. Ketcheson, Pres ...... Hazzard’s Cor- 
James English, Pres ........ Madoc. _[ners. 
Av-Phompsoni Presi. ence sete Queensborough. 
C. W. Thompson, Sec........ Cooper. 
John Irwin, Pres ............ Remington. 
Donald McKenzie, Pres ..... Madoc. 
Thomas Moffatt, Pres........ Malone. 
Porter Preston, Pres ........ Blairton, 
Dantel. Neils, Pres re.) 20a). Malone. 
Wim dilton.- Pres ~3..5.0 602 Marmora. 
Michael Sullivan, Sec.-Treas .| Marmora. 
lw. vs Wouslase Sec -kuhs te Fort Stewart. 
George Sager.... . .........| Egan Creek. 
Edward Livick, Sec... ....| Greenview. 

| Arthur W. Bartlett, Pres ....| Monteagle Valley 
Mri Barton tProp sys see nas Harold. 
John T. Bateman, Pres ......| Springbrook. 
James McComb, Pres........ big Springs. 
G. A, Johnson, Pres... ...% Anson. 
Richard Clements, Pres...... Stirling. 
Robert Lanigan, Pres........ Stirling. 
John Tanner, Pres |. You sae. Harold. 
J. T. Belshaw, Pres.......... Stirling. 
Wm. Meiklejohn, Pres ...... Big Springs. 
Nelson Sexsmith ...........- Springbrook. 
Fred. Fanning, Pres ........ Wellman’s Cor- 

ners. 

Levi Mason, Pres: .ne.. --=>>s Springbrook. 
We) SS Dry,, CLO adate mea .| Bigsprings. 
James Scott, Pres ........... ine. 

DAMES .ACNOX, (PLES nite cee Belleville. 
James Bird, Pres............ Stirling, 
Dr. J. U. Simmons, Pres ....| Frankford. 
B. Mallory, Sec.-Treas ...... Frankford. 
Ky OKRnight, eresipii. to. te Belleville. 
Oakley Vandervoort, Pres ..! Stirling. 
J. R. Brower, Pres .......... Belleville. 
S. T. Wilmot, Pres .......... Wallbridge. 
Thomas Steele, Pres ........ Trenton, 


59 Victoria. | Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


CHEESE YFACTORI ES.—Concluded. 


County and Township. Name of factory. ohbes 
HastTines.— Continued, 
EP TY) OW eve isis Ntawe's s.0'0rk 6 Ashley |... na taras cs actemehale’s W. H. Falconer, Pres 
Bronk #92.50 apenas ies James Boldrick, Pres 
*EKast Hastings «.......... Albert Pitman, Pres 
Halloway’ vce aws acrtleles Adam Rushnell, Pres 
*PISINiGIGe waded eee as Jolin Clark, Pres. ... 
GSU ae fon ee tens tate fate Nelson Sills, Pres 
"TENGS I GWie bi ane sees: O. R  Weese, Pres 
Unione ooo. oe ee eee F. Brenton, Pres ....... 
* ZOE a ote: cee bake okre islee Wm. Sills, Pres ....... 
POCORN Siena sete acs sot Millbridper cnc. cece ns. - S. L Golding, Prop 
OLIN OLE Sets sat an ole x Thomas Ricketts ...... 
PVCHOMIAG a. oes. ho ko ak LDCR ese a sera thes %.c Michael Corrigan, Pres 
| Dyaserontoay sxucneeVeihs oe E. W. Rathbun, Pres 
PHMIpey EW ee so uate oes Peter Gould, Prop 


WMTAITORGtt once cen tos a; Wm. A. Osborne, Pres 
DIOUNtAIN a cose ccneh aia et R. L. Lazier, Pres 
St ICCAGGE arate ets de ie sa A. McCormick, Pres 
SROSEOUC, sar cae shbase aioe e © Gy Foley, Pres. vos.0s 
Shannonville ............ Wm. Clazie, Sec.-Treas 
WAGLUSELON 128 wae cae ss WOR ELE eatin (ote ne peece ee cs George Pattison, Pres 
Cire yaee fe es aes H. Beaumont, Pres 
MUSKOKA | 
NISIERGERG ob cick cle Sa cise > « MUsKOKS Foe, swiss es sheieie Angus Morrison, Pres........ 
WA tive se caer tee ace 6 CH A ish V0 gel np Sa H. W. Gill, Sec.-Treas 
Parry SOUND : 
SAEs ae Mice ake ek 0 (arin eae & hte ee Pers J.C. Huff, Sec.-Treas........ 
HIVE Hella nas us. Sects John Thcmpson, Pres 
Humphrey S50 es <5: ASHAOW In crac an.s Suen se A. T. Sirett, Sec ...... 
MaGh ar so Gocciie sores *Clearwater’. .......05608 60: AOI g ER eer cals ce 


Name of secretary or other 


A, 1896 


= 


Post office address. 


Foxborough. 
Corbyville, 
Plainfield. 


Corbyville. 
Foxborough. 
Millbridge. 
Gilmour, 
Albert. 


Shebeshekong. 
McKellar. 
Ashdown, 
Midford. 


CREAMERIES OPERATED IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 


Creameries operated in winter are marked (W.) and in summer (S.) 


ELGIN : 
Aldborough ........ +--.;*Old Rodney (W. and 8.) .| G. H. Katzenmeier 
*Terry’s (W. and §.)..... Edwin Terry, Prop 
diario allel rg WOCOFTILUD Mera tat isin, «str <0 an Hed OlNb StOCK) WOm «1 ae sos 
Dorchester, S .......... PPACVONAL WV peaee fv ate sro sates Wm. Morris. Prop 
WEN STINT A Tepe Pa Me alee PMapleton CW) 2. .u deca: John Brodie, Prop .......... 
NORFOLK : 
Windham Centre ...... *Windham Centre (W.)...| John Gardham. ...... 
WELLAND : 
ESTATE) nl, Ol ain ea ‘ehmtt 1 iw ba iH Rit SRA Tg) mand Frank E. Misener 
LAMBTON 
Tey PCO. a5 oma a sats nle Wanstead (S.) .......... Ase WV ABE Rik cies eatteh otis; 
HURON : 
tenner. oo: name cts te 5. Jersey (W. and S.) ..... Aa Qe Bobienl ant. scene i 
PVOUCGGa aS ca SF 2 + scans +Londesborough (S.)...... W. L. Ouimette ...... 
Wie lops ate sire tes 3 MMCALOLED +a. a eae iahe ds (In liquidation)......... 
Tuckersmith .......... *Brucefiéld (Si) 2260. id... Hugh McCartney, Prop 
CUBIOITIG Fee Sey ans. 65 s:0 6s Winchelsea (i5.).......... Joshua Johns, Sec 
RUCE 
ON ies sees s bnks gone “Walkerton: (S))\r.. ofc 2. James Carter, Manager 
WOrtiGk ea fee SY ocean *Mildmay (5) so. 1-0. ts - James Johnston, Sec 
[EOP CCT £0} hie Hiskdale (S.). 5...0s octehes E, G. Kuntz, Sec 
Lar Lovie as ore hae Nets brilbe See saum. oF 
ROTA Gane cis dielelsn's oi mie ese M (eos ha ude aicieveietoe sy Halliday & Co., Props 
kdl eat 97 Fae Re ee ee a A. E, Wark, Manager 
Gp i tse Peel bee Fe ae Whitechurch (S.)........ Frank Henry, Pres 
GREY : 
Bentinck ..... Patera as Mamiash.(S; ty ..<nae deh Wad. Earls, Seo.) 32 $3 
AEDT. thinset sks «lune Owen Sound (S.) 52. /.... D> Dunbar, Sec.n 66 |... 
Pleasant View (S.) ...... James Struthers, Prop 
IGTETEIN in ces tae ts os 2 PAILOIMIOLGs a. ia laity Gh wiala'e'e John Philp, Se. 2.4... 


99 


Rodney. 
Aldborough, 
Corinth. 
Avon. 
Mapleton, 


Windham Centre. 
Marshville. 
| Wanstead. 


Exeter. 
Londesborough. 


Brucefield, 
Elimville. 


Teeswater. 
Chesley. 
Wanstead. 
Whitechurch, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


CREAMERLES.—Continued. 


Name of secretary or other 


County and Township. Name of factory. Wee ee office address. 
GREY, -— Continued. | 
Egremont ........+- o) Egremont (Saj\iaew ace =; = H, am Secures. one Holstein. 
South. Bend (S:)) ..4...0% James Sharp sec. .c.0 ease Mount Forest. 
Normanby ....:.. SAV tom: (S.) ites erdenedeae os A,’ Wenger) Prop iia esa. o- or Ayton. 
*Saugeen Valley (S.).....- Daniel Eckstein ............ Neustadt. 
Seu incent oo tase eee Leatord (Ogata weet a2 2 | Rorke Bros,,) Props vie... +11 Meaford. 
Sullivalt: na cae ete nee Sulli varied omar bom Halladay & Bearman ........ Desboro’, 
SIMCOE : } 
Oro and Vespra ........ + DALES. a); eee gece a ate Casi RwAGeThemar, Prop senses Barrie. 
MIDDLESEX : 
Dorchester, N ........ .| Gladstone (W.).......... Bo Swales Sec her cnc saws ee Gladstone. 
Tondon gee cnageecaceee *Toncon CW a) saan Wim Geary, Propieeee) sna London. 
*Medway (W. and 8.) ....| James Carmichael, Prop ....| Arva. 
OXFORD : 
lA LOLd ses re cka aes ene Sprucedale (W. and §.) ..| Wm. C. Shearer, Prop ...... Bright. 
Derehawioa owtine ee alae *Butler’s (W. and 8.) "°°" * Wu. Butler; Prop.5>:)... 32. Dereham Centre. 
Culloden (W. and 8.) ....| Wm. A. Edgar, Prop..... .. Culloden. 
\*Mount Elgin (W. and 8.) | Wm. Pow, Sec ............-. Mount Elgin. 
*Verschoyle (W.) ........ SutR.. (Gall Sec yee atric ae Verschoyle. 
INIBSOUTI GE Goielsoie e's tre ate +Kintore Branch (W.) ....| Thomas W. Alderson, Prop .. Kintore. 
INOFWICDIUN tase a oe eye a Hirer ee i Wee ee inehis C. W. Riley, Prop :.........1! Ingersoll, 
osee (Separator)........ \ : 
ANGrwichtancHon Wan j John McKee, Sec .......... Norwich. 
INOMWIChiss fakes ies ses *Springford m2. .i55-0.4 | J» Amatice, See.....0....024- Springford, 
Oxford, cE seme Wawee weee Woodstock (W.) ........ dames Curry, Sec... - 2... 24 Woodstoek. 
OxfordsiNnee cee ewer + + beach villen serve ree James Ireland, Prop ........ Beachville. 
OUNTOLCS EVN esiietee ese cots *Weeat. Oxford W\.) Seen. Gel CoslewPres wewtoae Ingersoll. 
BRANT: i 
Brantford s/s. ge. kee North Brant (W.)........ John German, Sec .......... | St. George. 
PERTH : 
Downie vee aa ee | PANVonbaniki’ Wi) ssmern em ee Wm Piers S60 sec vetoes akan Motherwell. 
Black Creek (W.)........ Thos. Ballantyne, Prop...... Stratford, 
WELLINGTON : 
Garattaxa ieee kok ce *Spring Brook (S.)........| George Martin, Sec ......... Belwood. 
INTCHOIM han Saari teens *KANNSEHIOR A Git sicher emer Aaron Wenger, Prop ........ Ayton. 
Puslinch (sks adems eke Aberfoyle (S.) ..... _....| J. A. Cockburn, Sec.-Treas ..| Aberfoyle. 
WATERLOO : 
Dumfries, N...........: *Blliott (Private) (S) ... | Andrew Elliott, Prop........ Galt. 
Weellesleyy ie cakcioc ace as Crosshill (S.) ....... ooh) Sh Gr RGCANOr SP res uate .ios wer Wellesley. 
i* Bam Derg! an ec is seam erie es BOW alter, Presuc. se eee ee ts Bamberg. 
Wilmot: 32 uve fa fare 8 Nith Vialleyi(S>) eecte ss Solomon Shantz, Sec .. ..... Haysville. 
WOOLWICH chit) toeaioers.ate *St. Jacobs....... .- .-..| Brubacher & Snyder, Props..| St. Jacobs. 
WENTWORTH : 
IBEVeLly eine ce sis eosite .|*Hunter’s (S. and W.) ....| Samuel Hunter, Prop........ Rockton. 
Binbrook (2h0ck 26 0s's ae a *Woodburn W.) ss... 5 Arthur Edwards, Sec ........ Woodburn. 
HALTON : 
FIG OSITAS. 5 y2 aveh aiciels alae oe *Dunstaffinish (S.)........ Ge Weeblack vs 27 ate rcedcsteee Scotch Block. 
*fittie, Malls (S)) ic. ccm aes Win Ryder Merete sk ecescat Georgetown. 
Nassagaweya .. ....... *Haltonwille ne aprtede pian J. GOarter lau wares. ee © Nassagaweya. 
PTALALC AL Wats skeiew.-\3 6 oe POMEL GOL. Cieen. crear ae bE ood WB. (Cockiurn (0). vemos Milton. 
PEEL: | 
Galedotiwense ies, ces tics oe *Credit Valley (S.)........ RESO) eh eres) a eaeetete teas | Alton. 
YORK: 
Markbatn..gaed cceisteia ote | Locust Hill (W, and S.)..| A. Forater: S00. occ ait ce he Locust Hill. 
*Unionville (W. and 8.) ..| Oliver Harding, Pres etaas oe Milliken. 
Waris lini cases acts sewn Maple (W: and 8.)........ R. Se Chontson, be... es ere. Maple. 
\* Woodbridge (W. and 8.).| J. G. Hallett O&O iin ccc uces > Woodbridge, 
Whitchurch ............ *Gormley (W.) Joeck Bruce Bross Propeianwestad. Gormley. 
Stouffvisle (W. and § ) Hi Johnsons Sees aetna n. < Stouffville. 
ONTARIO: 
Pickering. 15620 aces Greenwood (W. and 8.) / Pe DeGreen, Sec kone. ss Greenwood. 
NorTHUMBERLAND : 
Percy or acathe teeters SW arkwortit (W).) seen ee Wm. Bensley, Prop ......... Warkworth. 
Princk EDWARD: 
Ameliasburg ... . ....|*Bayside (W. and 8.) ....| Phillips Bros, Props ........ Rednersville. 
*[sland (W. and 8S.) .....: Elias Wallbridge, Prop. ....| Belleville. 
COUTTS lees) meneat ater speck af Alex. H. Anderson, Sec ..... Rossmore. 
Sprague (Se ppes yas eel Jolin Sprague, Prop oi siete wes Ameliasburg. 
Sophiasbury onency ees *Bigsteiaid (ee) tae A CHA GS Prag ae Mars onieiee tates Demorestville. 


100 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


pane res are me a re 


CREAMERIES.—Continued. 


County and Township. Name of factory. Name of secretary or other | post office address. 


officer. 
LENNOX AND ADDINGTON : 
OSmiden tre eta. e ne Newburgh (W. and S.)...; G. A. Aylesworth, Sec ...... Newburgh. 
auld ine Weaee a Palace Road (W.)......-.- Mi N> Empey, Seca. o.. so. Napanee. 
EEDS : : 
Pastard cee oe Fs ee ES Wp de MN Strong & Davison, Props ....| Delta. 
Crosby, ics eee» *Elgin Model (W.).......- Murphy & Vargavel, Props ..| Elgin. 
Maple Grove (W. and S8.).| A. D. Delong .........-..--- Elgin. 
Ontario W.)=.0.- ee J..H. Singleton, Prop... ... 3s Newboro’. 
Elizabethtown .......... “Barlow (W.)) ec. 0n eee Re Barlow; SeCs.4, dacetanees Addison. 
Elizabethtown (W. and 8.)| T. W. Horton, Sec..........- New Dublin. 
*Palace.( Ws) meee cea om PWS Strong ei ue «a eere Brockville. 
sods Meare an, 701 PAGE Midge ka..2, oc eaaties Ed. Coleman,‘Sec ..........- Seeley’s Bay. 
Yonge and Escott ...... SP OUIMSON, 6. (5: lige eke seorehte Re EGornell, Sec). 2... 5.2%. Elbe Mills. 
*Mallorytown (W.) ....... OuWorrester, Pres 2.1.0... 6... i Mallorytown. 
GRENVILLE : 
. ‘ 
Edwardsburg .........- See a (W. ....--.+| UMiller and Ferguson, Props.| Spencerville. 
Chxford rare iite tests irs «o's Graham (S..) 3.2 gine ete E. H. Graham, Sec ........ Millar’s Corners . 
*Oxford Mills (S)....-.... LeviePatton, Prope ccc... es | Oxford Mills. 
Dunpas : 
Matilda re secs orcra | Advance No. 2(S.)......% WE) FOMATTA, NIOECT aan se es eels Glen Stewart. 
*Hainsville (S.) rag. os 22 Banford & Johnston, Props..| Hainsville. 
\*Rutherford’s........ 0.2... W. D. Rutlerford, Prop ....| Haddo. 
St. Lawrence (W. and §S.)| W. C. Binion, Prop.......... Troquois. 
MGOntaII Mone at se So *S GORGE (We) ere te nie Howard ocotbiincac se ce so ses Heckston. 
WY illiamsbburey <:,%2.00 2 ¢ SPUN par sa se oh ages tee M «Carlyle; Seems... s.. fa4-s | Dunbar. 
*North Williamsburg (S.) .| J. J. Dickey, Sec............ Brockville. 
WV INCHEBLOE Ss ayrarer sje aes Winchester (Skimming 
Station} ia k Gnas tone S. S. Reveler, Sec ...........!| Winchester. 
STORMONT : | 
Pin oles ton eee tesctaew occ Cannamore (W. and §.)..| Wm. Campbell, Sec ......... Cannamore. 
Pee N. Goldfield (W.) .........-. cle MAG HOO VEr 6 cacticlet ous = ein Goldfield. 
pe Daeg incr a° oS? Sua tas. ms  Croil & McCullough, Props.| Montreal, Que. 
GLENGARRY : ; 
Charlottenburg ......... Glen Gordon (W.)....... 
ete tie (W.)........| > D. M. Macpherson, Prop ... Lancaster . 
OLE ay eh eieccicle MO eee 
*Martintown (W.).......- Wine Irvine; Prop) odes << Martintown. 
South Branch (W. and 8.)! Benj. Clark, Sec ............ Cashion’s Glen. 
*Summerstown, Sta ..... Allan P. McDonald, Sec..... Williamstown. 
CGI VOTI SS bye ere xfs eo aleve PSte Mimo (Soho a. rts oe Binion & Rutherford, Props..| Iroquois. 
DARDCARLER IS. omy asa es FIOMCLONY 3 lec ree at tern D. M. Macpherson, Prop ....| Lancaster. 
PancasterstScy 025% ati sae W. C. Binion, Prop......... Troquois. 
RUSSELL : 
28 oT CTA | RR eager ie aco *St. Onge Butter Co. (S.)..| C. St. Onge, Pres...........- St. Onge. 
RENFREW 
ELOLHOU > ae ek Fees oe se Renfrew (W. and 8.)..... James Craig, Sec...... vee Renfrew. 
PETERBOROUGH : | 
AD IAMUOT. fe bce ee ese +Warsaw (W.).........-- S. R. Payne, Sec .........-.- Warsaw. 
DInieheh eee el ds oo Lakefield’ (Wj 2: seeks Bite KJ 6) BOG assis rete ete ec Lakefield. 
tNorth Smith ....... be a! | M. E. Sanderson, Pres .... | Selwyn. 
HASTINGS : 
Pfinwertords... ais sis Hungerford (W.)........- Thos. N. Johnston, Auditor..| Chapman. 
MUS LLOT ere 300 8 oisss a8. Kia Plum Grove (W.)........ | James White, Prop.......... Wellman’s Cor’s. 
BOMOV ILA siden. ode oa *Frankford (S.).... ...-+- Joy SIMMONS, DEO. ase er Frankford. 
Pyendinaga isi... ...4- - Deseronto (W. and S. ..| R. Rayburn, Sec ...........- | Deseronto. 


eee a ee ee ee ee 


ConprnsEp Mixx. A factory for the manufacture of condensed milk is operated at Aylmer (Elgin 
Co.) by Messrs. Marshall & Allworth. 


Nore. —Frankville and Newbliss factories in Kitley are being fitted up with creamery apparatus. 
Clover Leaf brand is churned in Montreal. ‘The seven skimming stations in Ontario are Mountain, 


Suffel and Winchester in Dundas, Finch, Newington and Ormond in Stormont, and Glen Roy in Glen- 
garry. 

Renfrew creamery has seven skimming stations, three in Horton, one each in Admaston, Bagot, Ross 
and Fitzroy. 


101 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ONTARIO CHEESE AND BUTTER BOARDS, 1896. 


Board. Secretary. P. O. Address. 
Belle yi lee eee ee anh. .cake ae ea ee BoCoMeCargar! aloes aememoe ee aaee Belleville. 
Prentiord theese. |. os ves Ub teen Wee) Campbell ug. yy Yeates, cto Brantford. 
Brock Ville Sree ys vilbs Shere, We Cee OR GULGYy 28. Eek ha tee e et ao Glen Buell. 
Campbellford incessant cole ae JOD ARIVaN Osis ha ee ee eee Campbellford. 
(snelph eee La ee AN Oe scene iene mee PAG CULZO 6 5.0's ch a caine ee On ee Guelph 
Angersalty iio so tape eee aap ee eee NVeily, mith 3: 2..£i ee eee eee eee Ree Ingersoll 
EEOC WOIS 0 Oe neti elie airs veo Ante ts Sn Tero barkness.\ ie pew eee eee Troquois. 
Mingstom ye: Wee ae ane ss ca eee Pee ne ims. Gallagher’ ©. cc cetera Aeneas Wilton. 
AAStOWel Evie een oh be eee eas oe Wena Olimie 225 ues k Meee emee Listowel. 
london Wes es.thoc ss se cee eee OMTACENGLIOS Axia 00 \ cieeC eM Ubinas London, 
Madocimieeran ttm. 2. ace PPTs Pr esi Thomas:E. Burnside. tv. een tse. se Madoc. 
Napanee: #5 igo. Osis. os cae eae AV site Gordanier 4s ...5y dee Seen ee Napanee. 
eNewmarticeb ive ot eee ss eee ee CeMMUONG yes... ben. eee ... | Newmarket. 
Peterborough (428) 0) oo Se Janes Middleton, /...eed.uees meee oes Peterborough. 
Picton) eons fdr, du gels ee tind ee eae ote Edmond Roblin........... ee eee etek Picton. 
Hel WU PNE a te eee es Reon ae ee Jape deenatrests). 27k asccuiaoaienene ce ae Shelburne. 
Cir ng ose ae Ae han RR cre eee PAR oi he ein bs & p.¥ Lait oO Cee Stirling. 
WiGodstockers hitman Sle eam gee HilonneNancelivell ,.\<s.ccs2tacsees ok eeu Woodstock. 


* Meets at Barrie, 


-LUST OF DAIRY INSPECTORS AND INSTRUCTORS. 


Western Ontario........ puta tieeacine emieee | aks Ws Wheatongs, catatern at fot aee eG | London. 
| OL te IVER Ee, Soon ete ee eae i eee London. 
Eastern Ontario: 
Brockville District...............,.0.. | GG. SE allew ico slg eee ens een Perth. 
MGEMBDUIE act eee ee ete eS ASP. Purviseh, Pity oo. ae ee een te ee Maxville, 
Peterborough and Belleville .......... fc WeaW forran tens tid ace coe mre ame en | Peterborough. 
Kingston and Napanee................ George ‘Bensley 2. faa ek et ane Warkworth. 
Wreameriosg frat: fo. < gee bei ase ya Marcus Sprarues :cc1 0: une eee ee | Ameliasburg. 
DAIRY SCHOOLS OF ONTARIO. 
UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE MINISTER OF AGRIOULTURE FOR ONTARIO, 
DMP CCOT. dete AES wl io eee here | Dr James Mille poe 2G eect otra k eee | Guelph. 
| 
Resident Superintendents: | 
Agricultural College .................. ProfyH.2 Hs: Dean, BBA bon. casei seen Guelph. 
Kino whom heen werr es oa'e canes oo clean Je ALaTMadick es), ate its Soe ae Kingston. 
Ptraunroy. Sec eehot c ene e eee oe ae | Hod. Sleightholm,BbiSwA vasessske ee | Strathroy. 


102 


Spay tier Steyn Oa a 


Vie LOC Kh AND DALR YP RO DUCES: 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (iNo. 36). 


A, 189€ 


HORSES AND HOGS. 


TsBLE I. Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the number of Horses and Hogs 
in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895. 


Counties. Work- 
ing 
horses. 

Hissex ttre o's « 10,510 
Kenteacec eos ates 13,568 
a Oe a abe a a 10,546 
Norfolk .. 8,999 
Haldimand ...... 7,522 
Welland ..... | 6,952 
KDotala cine 58,097 
hambtonie se 11,009 
Huron’ sh)... Meda ll LO,oOo 
IDTUGG Aust eeeeeee 14,602 
Totales. 02% 43,973 
Grey bites 19,278 
MUM COR Meee wee oe 18,205 
Totalacuvoccee 37,483 
Middlesex,....... 19,363 
Oxford ..... the eae 12,619 
Brant oer ese ens 6,769 
Bertha eertccess 13,452 
Wellington ...... 16,389 
Waterloo ........ 8,937 
Pntierin wen. 6,480 
Totals... ose 84,009 
TAncoln.. .te aka 7,114 
Wentworth ...... 8,339 
Halton tcf tye. 6,336 
Peel ooo). Seg oe 8,299 
WOLKE. Prous oes 16,666 
Ontario tots rs 12,328 
Dorham (2.504. e 9,354 
Northumberland..) 11,464 
Prince Edward .. 6,935 
Totals: /3. 2.12 987,835 
Len’x & Addington 6,996 
Hrontenac... 2.100: 6,511 
ABER. Ae ee 8,329 
Grenville ......., 5,269 
Dundas. as. | 5,429 
Stormont......... 4,646 
Glengarry........ 5,894 
Prescott Gu.. etn 4,898 
B45i:)-) 8 a ee 3,105 
Carleton: oleae 10,371 
Renfrew ......... 8,659 
anar kareena 7,801 
Motalaeteen se 77,908 
VICCOLIALS aoe ae Aan 8,809 
Peterborough .... 7,163 
Haliburton ...... 1,085 
Hastings ...:.... 11,718 
Potala inc. ae 28,725 
Muskoka’ <......'.. 1,946 
Parry Sound ..... 1,712 
Nipissing ........ 536, 
Algoma asa. seus 1,949 
Totala tee ice 6,143 
The Province ... | 423,673 


Horses. 
| 
Breed- | Un- 
ing broken 
mares. | horses. 
1,575 3,811 
2,304 5,508 
1,845 3,967 
1,010 3,416 
1,264 2,895 
789 2,230 
8,787] 21,827 
1,920 4,450 
3,927 7,252 
2,963 5,519 
8,810} 17,221 
3,617 6,387 
3,082 6,319 
6,699) 12,706 
3,443 8,345 
2,147 4,797 
912 2,584 
3,017 5,814 
2,910 5,736 
1,456 2,681 
1,358 2,384 
15,243) 32,341 
631 2,006 
1,133 2,493 
890 1,668 
1,799 3,322 
3,093 6,138 
2,556 5,454 
1,674 4,069 
1,750 4,426 
831 2,482 
ont 32,058 
705! 2,482 
777 1,966 
834 2,071 
452 1,561 
636! 1, 589! 
653 1,485 
1,576 2,105 
992 1,440 
634 933 
1,971 3,583 
1,678 2,725 
887 1,834 
11,795| 23,774 
1,440 3,219 
1,158 2,482, 
431 516 
1,709 3,538 
4,738 9,755 
482 630 
514 604 
180 147 
551 804 
1,727 2,185 
72,156 151,867 


| 


Hogs. 
Totals. Totals. 
Over 1| Under 
1895. 18946 ae shite 1895. 1894, 
15,896} 17,272) 14,718 46,480 61,198 55,609 
21,380] 22,877) 11,394! 52,078 63,472 54,711 
16,358; 16,889) 8,231 44,567 52,798 43,560 
13,425) 14,521) 5,556 28,912 34,468 30,449 
11,681} 11,912] ° 3,026) 17,142 20,168 17,501 
9,971| 9,945} 2,005 11,000! 13,005 10,706 
&8.711| 93,416, 44,930: 200,179) 245,109) 212,536 
17,379] 18,323) 5,856 28,851 34,707 26,847 
29,541| 31,511) 8,259] 41,682 49,941 41,206 
23,084| 23,104} 6,386 29,943 36,329 31,390 
70,004} 72,938) 20,501 100,476} 120,977 99,443 
29,282} 30,659! 9,356 41,601 50,957 47,167 
27,606} 28,801] 12,683 58,071 65,754 59,481 
56,888! 59,460} 22,039 94,672| 116,711| 106,648 
31,151| 32,184! 8,791 48,141 56,932 47,191 
19,563! 20,487| 7,333 43,306 50,639 43,897 
10,265] 10,461! 3,692 20,990 24,682 20,705 
22,283) 22.705} 6,049 33,214 39,263 34,440 
25,035} 25,239] 7,566 45,542 53,108 44,051 
13,074) 18,542) 3,763! 24,261 28,024 20,987 
10,222} 10,621; 4,948 18,479 23,427 20,263 
131.593! 135,239| 42/142) 233,938 Lo 231,534 
9,751| 10,127; 1,969 11,631 13,600 11,899 
11,965} 12,716] 3,091 18,748 21,839 18,128 
8,894, 8,835] 2,347 14,373 16,720 14,369 
13,420; 13,5921 5,089 24,871 29,960). 26,264 
25,897! 26,854| 7,321 41,474 48,795 43,764 
20,338] 21,602) 6,884 35,188 42,072 36,242 
15,597} 16,224) 4,936 22,859 27,795 23,359 
17,640} 18,241) 5,256 25,190 30,446 26,464 
10,248! 11,7711 1,924 9,274 11,198 11,292 
133,750] 139,962) 38,817; 203,608] 249,425) 211,781 
10,183} 10,726} 3,006 10,668 13,674 11,588 
Qo 254) 29,779 ely 10,713 13 430 12,941 
11,234| 11,510| 6,074 19,386: 25,460! 23,502 
7,282. 7,484! 3,539 9,267 12,806 12,558 
7,654; 8,204, 2,997 10,361 13,358 13,211 
6,784| 7,490) 2,715 6,741 9,456 8,563 
9,575! 9,803] 3,930 9,221 13,151 11,329 
7,330} 8,196] 4,072 8,123 12,195 12,295 
4,672; 4,944! 2,967 5,142 8,109 8.435 
15,925| 16,016| 5,594 18,999 24,593 23,712 
13,062) 12,934| 8,929 17,895 26,824 24,494 
10,522} 11,377| 4,030 16,419 20,449 19,970 
113,477| 118,463] 50,570! 142,935} 193,505} 182,598 
13,468! 14,787! 5,015 19,817 24,832 23,096 
10,803] 11,631] 4,514 14,817 19,331 18,530: 
1,982] 1,757 813 2,245 3,058 3,090 
16,965} 17,585, 9,876 27,114 36,990 34,652 
43,218 45,760) 20,218 63,993 84,211 79,368 
3,058} 3,088] 1,031 3,559 4,590 4,514 
2,830! 2,496) 1,290 3,746 5,036 4,624 
863 924 692 1,256 1,948 1,948 
8,304} 3,031] 1,955 6,530 8,485 7,139 
10,055 9,539) 4,968! 15,091 20,059 18,225 
674,777| 244,185 1,299,072) 1,142,133 


647, 696, 


104 


1,054, 887 | 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


CATTLE. 


TaBLEII. Showing by County Municipalities and Groups of Counties the number of Cattle in 
Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, 


. Store cattle over 
Cauie ce Work- | Milch cows. DST peepne Total cattle. 
: ing , 
oxen, ghee 
1895. | 1894, | 1895. | 1894. | S8*° | 1895. | 1894 
——— | NS IS OO oe ee sss ss | - - 
NCCC co BMS Fd Bo) 16 13,365| 13,197 4,928! 6,151} 13,783 32,092 33,498 
Kent Dre eRe aie wis wit oets 64 16,342, 15,953} 10,233' 11,820) 19,811 46,450 48,883 
Sine 2). Pars «3k oy. Boe 62 20,094| 18,887 9,667, 10,026) 19,685 49,508 49,853 
ee Beige bce Sich Mr RS Boa 162 16,127} 15,143 4,173 3,912} 13,665 34,127 33,461 
Cae ees ieee) Sear See in ame 
Se SOE Raa ie eae 5| 86 04 465] 20,244 
Potaleeemen SN me yee 386 | 88,101{ 84,120] 36,806; 38,450} 89,502| 214,795| 215,611 
Dambton. 3, 65.5 /e... .. ae | IN Sat: 18,289 17,653) 15,700} 16,419) 28,464 62,453! 62,891 
Tu ana Pee a ALL ey 218 31,602! 30,593| 28,001; 29,145) 51,732 111,553 110,781 
Batieess ote meat Juno RTs oe 231 29,920} 26,876} 23,263) 25,306) 43,763 97,177 95,041 
Potalem sue ac Te 449 79,811) 75,122| 66,964} 70,870) 123,959 271,483 268,713 
| 
Grey e cocal cea tereiekete crchs Ree Tee j 397 37,264: 35,875 04,5991 24,610] 57,427 119,687 119,054 
BTMGOG AUB R Ee ott ak ee 229 27,761 | 26,851! 18,088; 17,903} 37,160 83, 238 82,275 
Totaleye ore. jot, ie 626 65,025 | 62,726| 42,687; 42,513) 94,587 202,925 201,329 
isd dlesex Ae leh oe acct 39,055} 36,122} 24,042! 27,442| 41,559 104,656 107,130 
EPRRORCL. <A/atehn eee oo eS. AY 16 36,223! 34,114) 18,214) 14,987) 24,653 74,106 75,046 
Beet NP YaNe TARE LIa, bole ele acet he [ts elplanereiale 11,337| 11,500 2,959 2,291) 12,062 26,358 26,249 
QUEUE rere aielens eo, casheneicteie ee ecetetoneh ne 30,692} 28,578} 15,683) 16,002} 37,915 84,290 $1,619 
Wellington’ ..2¢......¢00.5 133 | 28.518] 25.535] 17,174] 16,889] 41,184/ 87,009] ~—-80, 487 
Waterloo Berean se toate, Some 36 14,048 18,292 4,701 5,254! 15,696] 34,481 34,261 
THTLOLIN Gert Pete a sce ait 77 11,123] 10,400 50 8,077| 15,677 34,380} 33,621 
Postale one te sak Or 262 | 170,996 eae 85,276| 90,942| 188,746]  445,280| 438.413 
iracoin te Vn ta. sso ts AAA + 8,576 8,015 1,958 2,171 8,021 18,559 17,688 
Mventworthe om. nk Pe. Oe: 25 14,699; 14,089 4,091 3,448| 14,320 33,135 31,062 
RP REOR Prost eyes ce tes eee 13 11,074; 10,202 5,038 4,839] 11,512 27,637 26,086 
HcOlee ce alin ce Oy oe aol. 3 aieeae 13,287; 12,998 6,312 4,958; 12,804 82,403 30,664 
York Bei ie etn abeate «nies Wiayarsrs 74 23,728| 21,126 7,853 7,107! 18,463 50,118 45,958 
Ontario pce ene a le: 24 | 19,113] 17,957| 9,422| 9,457] 27,898] 56,457/ 53,843 
Label aaah vos wR omeaC on ARIE 69 14,321} 12,896! 7,294 7,224| 17,792 39,476 37,092 
Northumberland...,........ 46 | 22,595 21,465! 5,702 6,099} 18,020. 46,363 46,423 
Prinde Edwardes). <. 2555.08. 12 12,203; 11,836! 2,179 1,836, 8,120 22,514 21,951 
Titalame eit ek, ce 267 | 139,595) 1380,584| 49,849 lien 136,950 326,662 310,767 
| 

Lennox and Addington ..... 209 18,539! 16,648 4,649 6,199} 13,185 36,582 37,270 
HW TONtCEN ACE asecos ds a aateitictetre 96 20,447; 18,937 4,300 4,860; 14,728 39,571 38,718 
WOeUSh ta acecnins cus cca meiatee ole elt boeta ys 32,982| 32,336 4,685 5,090} 15,609 53,276 52,280 
GlrenvillGws ees coe ee ete line cht re 19,227; 18,940 2,356 2,257 8,839 30,422 30,560 
MOC as Cas. Pee. es PARA. 12 | 19°777| 18,344; 1,700] 2,166] 9,909 31,398} —-30,280 
SSLOTINONE cele eie ceo estate wiherat|erareeeerensts 16,909| 16,334 2,179 2,217 9,022 28,110 26,678 
Bo eagry TIE sik SIL Aca aR 21.775| 19,395) 2,231] 2,280] 12,792] 36,798] 33,527 
SPERCODU Ce Seta sei cole let Ae arene abet 17,090) 15,666 2,811 2,759| 10,071 29,972 28,278 
eresoll 7, Meet. <i oe 40 10,461 | 8,862 2,598 2,366 7,261 20,360 18,340 
Grrlstotie se eee. IS, cet 35 | 31,646, 28,130/ 9,549] 9,025] 24,066] 65,296) 59,908 
IEVOUIETOW facts Woes e-ciait chs oaielens 228 22,449) Arey 8,415 Bree 24,953 56,045 52,594 
MG RTVEREK el Get teen ace aia a taie cuore 35 24,477) 23,734 8,894 8,478} 21,445 54,851 58,499 
Motalee. 233.5. eae ATE 655 | 255,7791 237,244| 54,367 06,619 171,880 482,681 461,882 
VAT EOLA oie teeta aie nts. thn'e PON crore 85 13,161}; 13,389 8,230 9,621} 19,942 41,418 44,144 
Peterborough. :............. a7 16,459; 16,008 5,987 5,693 Baz] 38,945 38,373 
@aliburtonivedesn «+ s6 se ene: 167 3,014 2,901 1,251 1,327 4,347 8,779 8,897 
ve ee ee RE ER 274 42,022! 39,494 7,387 6,827) 23,830, 73,5 13 69,600 
SERA Ces rah wee 643 | 74,656] 71,792 22,800, 23,468 64,501! 162,655! 161,014 
Minakolkcaie so 0 tah cirss's holes ietees | 315 4,865 4,496 2,342| 2,251 6,887 14, 409 13,755 
Parry Sound...... ..seeeee: 310 | 4,097| 3,747| 1,920) -2,040| 6,094) 12,421 11,949 
AM pinsing AON La vee es | 89 | 1,070 938 507 490| 1,456 3,122 2, 687 
PAG GINS. EL lle. so) Gowns 268 4,232 3,927 2,071 2,027 7,399 13,970 13,181 


Motals@ yer. tenis ends 982 14,264) 13,108 6,840 6,808 21,836! ae 41,572 
‘Theierovinde [ise 5... ewe. 


ale 888,228] 834,237 asi 376,809 0,061 or See 2,099,301 


nnn nee aa UE aI aE SEES SSESnaE EERE Renan 


105 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1898 


* 


SHEEP AND POULTRY. 


TapsuE III. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of Sheep and 
Poultry in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895. 


Sheep. Poultry. 
C : Totals, Totals. 
pee: Over 1 | Under Turkeys| Geese Other a 
year. | lyear.| 4g95, 1894, fowls. | 1895, 1894. 
| 
HKssex 16,501; 13,553 30,054 31,058 17,238! 10,764 204,029 232,031 226,805 
Kent, .cie 23,853} 21,655 45,508 44,573| 17,524| 10,099 209, 221 236,844 215,838 
BAG. owe 26,803} 24,471 51,274 55,589) 20,011 6,388 182,768 209,167 195,679 
Norfolk .... 21,466} 17,889} * 39,355 39,468} 11,612 6,891 140,539 159,042 146,909 
Haldimand. 18,886} 17,408 36,294 33,132 9,234 6,248 111,600 126,482 121,713 
Welland. ..| 14,344] 12,435] 26,779] _25,282| 8,104; 2,651) 117,931] _ 128,686) 122,102 
Totals. . | 121.8531 1077411| 229/264]  229,052| 83,723] 43,041] 965,488] 1,092,252] 1,029,046 
Lambton... . 31,048) 31,322 62,370 65,013; 20,939 8,573 193,245 222, 757 208,605 
Huron. .... 55,700) 53,592 109, 292 112,795| 31,371) 23,232 323,733 378,336 369,479 
Rruee oo. 62,332] 57,450 119,782 116,951} 19,180} 19,681 222,038 260,899 247 ,284 
Totals. . 149,080) 142,364 291,444 294,759) 71,490! 51,486 739,016 861,992 825,368 
® 
Chey y cecak 85,822} 69,490 155,312 159,242} 21,144) 20,246 278,450 319,840 331,517 
Simcoe..... 63,815| 48,487 112,302 106,447] 24,182) 23,208 268,712 316,102 319,826 
Totals. . 149,637} 117,977 267,614 265,689] 45,326) 43,454 547,162 635, 942 651,343 
Middlesex.. 41,169] 38,266 79,435 81,534} 53,131] 14,221 325,133 392,485 379,560 
Oxford... 13,917; 13,682 27,599 29,414) 15,758 6,726 192,374 214,858 204,627 
Brant ..:... 11,611; 10,780 22,391 21,619 6,015 3,389 90,198 99,602 100,910 
Perth, 22. ! 30,548} 28,896 59,444 61,008] 18,558} 16,850 241,689 277,097 274,180 
Wellington. 53,413] 48,602 102,015 94,859! 26,098 19,107 231,500 276,535 263,116 
Waterloo... 12,662} 15,191 34,853 37,112 7,358 5,061 143,758 | 156,177 157,446 
Dufferin.... 20,182} 16,203 36,385 34,642} 14,102} 11,315 95,059! 120,476 118,810 
Totals. . 190,502; 171,620 362,122 360,188) 141,020! 76,669) 1,319,541 1,537,230} 1,498,649 
Lincoln . 12,947/ 11,521}  24,468| ~=—«-24,074| 7,780} ~—-2,749) + «107,110; 117,589} 113,050 
Wentworth. 16,269] 15,282 31,551 31,029! 10,625 6,802 124,895 142 322: 129, 927 
Halton 12,911} 11,109 24,020 22,813 8,883 6,990 84,003 99,876 105,172 
Peels yee 16,207} 13,140 29,347 28,650) 19,833} 10,823 189,957 170,613 170,283 
WaGhalte en bec 31,082} 23,786 54,868 50,570} 23,769} 18,138 237,201 ' 279,108 271,347 
Ontario .... 28,918] 22,691] 51,609) 48,838] 22,941! 14,181| 208,475! 245,597, 228,801 
Durham....|  __22,291|  18,360|  40,651| 40,402) 24,044! 11,203| 157,710| 1 192,957| 185,485 
Northumb’d 19,773). 15,738 35,511 34,595! 19,706 8,488 180,943 209,137 196,802 
Prince Ed’w 8495} 7,386) 15,811] 14,929 5,341] 2,866] 94,436, 102,643) — 100,550 
Totals. . 168,823! 139,013 307,836 295,900} 142,872} 82,240] 1,334,730) 1,559,842 1,501,437 
Lennox&Ad 15,392} 12,117 27,509! 27,602 6,501 5,063 84,029 95,593 98,612 
Frontenacj. . 17,875| 14,414) 323989] 35,082} 9,942! 6,288, 80,645} + 96,875] 100, 915 
TGEdS tae oes 16,459| 14,263) 30,722 34,876] 14,464 7.887 113,583 135,884 133,011 
Grenville ., 9,358 7,580 16,938 17,3211 19,091 6,365 86,571 112,027 109,290 
Dundas .... 7,056: 6,098 13,154 14,171) 13,879 BST97 100,523 120,199 122,192 
Stormont .. 8,875 6,383 15,258 16,077 8,189 4,744 81,147 94,080 93,379 
Glengarry..| 13,416] 9,902| 23,318! 20,789] _5,897| + 3,431| 106,800] 116,128; 104,566 
Prescott... 10,565, 8,055 18,620 19,294! 10,385] 3,690] 75,963] 90,088, +90, 171 
Russell *....! 9,473 7,419 16,892 16,528; 11,213 3,939 49,168 64,320 65,317 
Carleton.... 25,976} 21,017 46,993 45,639| 22,790) 18,049 165,039 205,878 209,086 
Renfrew ... 44,462} 34,197 78,659 12,027 a 10,465 120,683 150,796 141,529 
Lanark 3 34,884 28,987 63,871 63,834, 11,340 8,915 115,507 135,762 152,915 
Totals. . 213,791) 170,432 384,223 383,740! 153,339] 84,583) 1,179,658} 1,417,580 1,420,990 
Victoria.... 22,919} 17,440 40,359 48,479| 13,3879 9,563 129,943 152,885 148,515 
Peterboro’.. 16,602} 12,913 29,515 31,810} 19,134 9,617 120, 293 149,044 145,096 
Haliburton.. 5,479 3,420 8,899 8,742 1,142 816 15,710 17,668 18,727 
Hastings... 25,191| 19,998! 45,119!  46,741| 15,695] 12,417/ 170,391 198,503] 186,352 
Totals..| 70,191) 53,701 | 1237892  135,772| 49,350 32,4131 436,337, 518,100, 498,690 
Muskoka .. 9,429 7,114 16,5438 15,099 3,241 1,708 35,762 40,711 42,216 
‘Parry So’nd. 8,902 6,748 15,650 13,636 15991 1,579 31,003 34,573 32,602 
Nipissing . 1,396 822 2,218 1,710 1,135 504 9,859 11,498 10,536 
Algoma .... 12,391| 9,538| 21,929] —-20,260| + 3,117| «2,845 87,658] 43,120] + 41,805 
i Totals. . | 32118} 24.999; 56,3401 50,705] 9,484) + 6,186, 114,282) 129,902! 127,159 
e 
Province. . | 1,095,995} 926,740} 2,022,735] 2,015,805) 696,604) 420,022 6,636,214] 7,752,840] 7,552,662 


106 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


LIVE STOOK SOLD. 


TABLE IV. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number of Horses, Cattle, 
URES and Poultry sold in the Province of Ontario in the years 1834 and 1895, ending June 30th 
of each year. ‘ 


Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Hogs. Poultry. 
Counties. 
1895. 1894. 1895, 1894, 1895. 1894. 1895. 1894, 1895, 
TOSSES 21 OM, aes iet' 1,100 1,287; 6,732 7,562: 8,589 9,688| 36,371 34,643 82,604 
BOR Garey ceetn Sess 1,222 1,084} 11,359; 13,183} 15,364: 13,707 47,983 44,516! 73,808 
Pgh wy! 58: 955 1,259, 11,416) 12,056) 21,368! 19,670 50,396 42,120 78,733 
Worfolle Pots oii 626 885 6,085 6,449} 13,319) 10,958) 32,373 28,805 55,756 
Haldimand ...... 680. 741 5,121 5,328) 11,914) 10,645 20,311 17,232 49,484 
Welland She 524 546) 4,198 4,773; 10,260 9,801 12,328 10,524 54,358 
Totalaz ....853 5,107; 5,802; 44,911} 49,351) 80,814) 74,469 199,762 177,840 394,743 
Mambton 2. 22+ 3s 1,292; 1,234; 18,484] 18,025) 23,073] 19,735 30,348 22,180 73,473 
BL uvOne 603 5 ccs 2,535 2,801) 28,565} 29,829} 39,860; 35,322 52,772 46,382 94,877 
Breese Se os ee 1,768 2,014} 23,681 24,472| 39,599) 35,665) 36,041 32,213 65,180 
LOCAIBS 32: See fae 35.596 6,049| 70, 0 72,326, 102,532) 90,722} 119,161 100,775, 233,530 
Berean ei s.9. 08a 1,972 1,991} 24,372] 24,490) 47,317 $6,498 49,603 45,766; 84,441 
SIMICOG: ne © eS 2,068 1,817| 15,975} 16,764) 33,929 29,010, 50,611 45, 467 93,149 
ar OAS a) wie 4,040 3,808) 40,347} 41,254) 81,237 Pas 100,214 91,233! 177,590 
Middlesex........ 1,862) 1,967| 28,591) 31,028! 31,067; 28,609 58,286 46,384, 138,500 
atord 9) eee 1,254 1,144) 15,956] 17,386 12,350) 11,951 54,689 49,350 64,223 
rangers... £20 oe 433 543, 5,565 5,742, 7,499 7,677 24,024 20,868) 32,819 
Berths. 20) fanaa 1,379} 1,249, 16,862} 18,402, 21,360} 19,524 40,880 35,991 64,645 
Wellington ...... 1,556 1,632} 20,991] 20,786 38,252; 29,429 60,903 54,616: 72,134 
Waterloo) 2.0500. 742| 769) 18,267) 13,916' 12,428! 13,232 29,705 24,813 45,793 
Watters 8 oe 821 759! ~—-6,660 7,613 10,474| 8,694 18,952 18,357 37,527 
Wotalet. 6.722 8,047 8,063| 107,892} 114, 873| 133,430] 119,109 282,439 250,379 455,641 
| 
Pa BCOIN a. o.. «sae 454 £47 4,066 4,215 9,300 8,658 13,953, 12,566. 51,959 
Wentworth an 662 606 6,728 6,505, 12,875) 10,340 22,515 20,160 55,936 
ML altoid ess. ok oid 413 4,904' 5,294 8,717 6,680 17,736, 14,509 38,313 
COE es os 6 Zh 1,005 814 7,658 8,069} 12,958! 11,142 29,213 24,446 68,513 
York eaauet 1,489 1,620; 11,870, 13,897} 20,082) 17,942 52,448 | 48,189 98,581 
Pd MAaTIO Roles 3. UP: 1,681 1,877| 13,563, 13,110) 19,655) 15,085) 41,138 37,250} 89,626 
Durham 7... 0.02 999 963 9,216, 8,668) 14,573} 11,735! 26,154 21,645! 55,111 
Northumberland. . 1,198 13057 7,796 9,124} 11,590; 10,470, 26,602 21,897 66,703 
Prince Edward .. 415. 380 2,676 2,638') © 63342 5,260 11,282 9,729 26,702 
Potalee ec . 6. 8,282; 8,277 68,477| 71,520) 116,092 97,312 241,041 210,301 551,444 
Lennox and Add.. 586. 473 4,935 5,771 9,874 8,346 10,689 9,632! 28,257 
Hrontenac)....... 482 475 4 828 5,f61| 13,886, :11.511 8,994 8,917 46,548 
Meedas maak, sos. 475 488 5,468 5,936 9,950; 11,132 16,425 15,757 34,901 
Grenville. os sa: 407| alm 3,194 2,952] » 6,129) 6,081 95527. 1,900 32,542 
1 ee Ee ee 315! 675 2,241 2,489 5,109; 6,005) 10,942 9,575 23,477 
Stormont ........ 388 390 2,787 2,799 4,579 4,017 6,874 5,604 17,530 
Glengarry........¢5 605 665 4,225 4,415) 7,184 6,205 8,765 7,190 34,115 
Prescott... ....2.5 497 502 2,820: 2,638 6,742 5,409 6,431 6,165 28,818 
Passel) oA... 0.26% 356 291 2,463) 2,514! 4,880 4,287! 5,342 4,581 23,184 
Capletin A... c55.: 874 887 8,852! 9,342} 16,227| 14,834 18,308 | 15,913 70,289 
Renfrew ........ 700 739 7,812! 7,904! 18,130} 15,532! 15,514! 13,527 36,962 
dapsmle on)... ax Wl: 642 880 7,509| 8,039 20,037| 18,49t 14,413 13,491 31,254 
osties. > 710) 6,327 6,782) 57,134) 60,671) 122,727) 111,850 ess 117,719 407,872 
Vy etobian.<..¢ ale (ok 716 6,688 4,173 “LICDbO 14/201: 19,057 18,456 35,957 
Peterborough ....| 594 543 5,366 6,565; 8,205) 8115! 17,057 16,254 45,191 
Haliburton ...... 128 125 1,509 1,411 1,819] 2,140) 2,153 2,140 4,516 
elastinesie 0s: . 685! 976 7,540 8.376, 10,472} 11,125) 31,813 S1l1ba 48,848 
OL aaaS 2 5 Fe 2,158 2. = 21,103} 24,130; 32,056! eet 70,080 68,003 134,512 
Muskaka so... 4). me 303 2,426! 2,551 4,660 4,312 1201 4,375 12,933 
Parry Sound...... 171 185 2,059] 2,226 3,195 3,153 4,128 4,015 8,998 
a ipiasiney. ....275 107 60 497 47 539 489 1,100} 1,018 3,519 
PA IBOWS Ye vis arses 233 227! 2,555 2,319 5,033 4,006 5,562 4,819 11,676 
OANA. tas hos 790 775 7,537 7,573! 13,4271 11,960 15,081 14,227 37,126 


The Province ....} 40,346) 41,916) 418,131] 441,698 ssa oa 1,159,992} 1,030,567 | 2,392,458 
Ss tiactiihas be Oh Ba ie ES ATES Rage a ec ee ek Ok ne Se cc a A I re ee 
* The total number of poultry sold in 1894 was 2,131,222, 

107 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


Tasuie No. V. Showing by C 
in the years 1894 and 1895, wit 


WOOL. 


number of pounds per fleece. 


Counties. 


Haldimand 


OxfOrdcet Peck eee 


Perth 
Wellington .... 


Waterloo..... bi} fdas 
DUTLATI Ties cee a cose 
(Lotalssey ceca. Seis 


ain GOl Nie eee dees 
Wientworthy st tu aedcee- 


erent ereeesereoeee es 


Murham ase secu cee 
Northumberland... .... 
Prince Edward...,..... 

Motalewion ose Cyt 


Lennox and Addington . 
BProntenac (ye. secs 
iGO CS as Se Lette set Me. c's hee 


Grenville 


Glengarry 


WiHGtOLIR eet hole aie anor 


Peterborough 
Haliburton 


Muskoka 


The Province 


eer er + eee eee 


Welland Geicak wuts: 
ROtAIS ee rea eee 


eeoeer ee ree eee 


HUGron ke aoe ee ese eae 
IBTUCE Meine cil teuaioe ese 


ovree- eceetoeeses eee 


oe erevreeese vere 


0 Wie 8) Kee ere he) ele eile a ele 


eee ee eevee sree eor eee 


IDund ase eee es can ate Nee 
Stormont ..... Nee Ae 
Prescott mete cena 
(Riuvssellis eee eee 
Carvlaton meet an. 
Rentrew i.e sede cee ee 
Tanarkiveeee ccc setae 


oreo se eee 


Hastingsnn, sanis aso eelee 
TOtAlSds ewes «ahaa 


cece oer eo eee eee 


Parry Sound 7.2... 9.200 
INTDISSIDD Seta te carne ad 
ALGOMA tier sae oad ar 

ST AtHIS ees Wesla ht seats 


eee ere reese 


1895. 


' 27,486 


te 9 n i ° 
> © = We 2 
io =| ou | 
16,494 92,450/5.61 
23.965| 143,176|5.97 
27,566]  162,617|5.90 
21,805}  118,08015.42 
18,856}  115,046/6.10 
14,322 71,096|4.96 
123,008}  702,465|5.71 
31,276]  181,973|5.82 
56,975|  327,328|5.75 
63,624|  367,797|5.78 
151,875|  877,098|5.78 
86,827, 488,590 5.63 
65,419| 366,458 5.60. 
152,246] 855, Sela 
41,604]  255,744,6.15 
14,535 85,026 5.85 
12,249 69,066 5.64! 
30,088] 172,571 5.74 
54,300] 320,538 5.90 
19,839} 110,185 5.55 
19,933} 117,153 5.88 
192,548] 1,130,283 5.87 

| 
12,712 64,806 5.10 
16,395 99,657 6.08 
13,251 84,049 6.34! 
17,260} 108,116 6.26 
39,773|  197,900'6.04 
98.657| 172,054 6.00 
92,845) 181,249 5.75 
19,865] 116,155 5.85 
7,733 39,675 5.18 
171,491] 1,013,661 5.91 
14,889! 77,849 5.23 
17,809 91,890 5.16 
16,765 85,138'5.08 
9 728 49,106|5 .05 
6,844 36,373|5.31 
9,303 47,938|5.27 
13,428 71,787 |5.35 
10,885 58,418|5.37 
9,368 48,072'5.13 
26,937|  142,864|5.30 
44,006}  208,193/4.73 
34'899| 173,015'4.96 
214.656} 1,090,638'5.08 
22,707| 127,599 5.63 
16,961 91,403)5.39| 
5,679 28,666|5 .05 
25,429|  124,624/4.90 
70,776)  372,292|/5.26 
9,670  47,191|4.88 
9,074' — 49,652,5.47 
1,430 6,776/4.74 
12.366 69,707|5 64 
32,540] 173,326'5.33 
1,109,140 


152,404 


87,994 
t 60,840 
148,834 


42,940 
15,461 
11,473 
31,057 
49,726 
20,108 
19,812 

190,577 


13,010 
16,201 
12,639 
17,142 
30,082) 


23,138 
19,108 
7,333 
166,139 


14,929 
18,790 
17,841 

9,945 
7,385 
8,877 
11,767 
10,777 
9,288 
24,684 
40,037 
35,307 
209,627 


26,951 
17,588 

5,281 
24,966 
74,786 


8,746 
8,026 
1,042 

11,244 

29 058 


1894. 


Pounds. 


90,170 5.67 
136,465|5 .85 
173,070 5.90 
115,850/5.45 
109, rae 17 

66,984] 4.97 
692,270|5.72 


196, 132/587 
340,608]5.85 
356,033|5.86 
892,773)5.86 


504,252 5.73 
348,914'5.73 
853,16615.73 


35 
94 
. 84 
.88 
.00 


272,881 
91,828 
67,026 

182,596 
298,523 
113,510 
117,499 
1,143,863 


DH OLOtS? St Or Oud or 


67,285 5.17 
99,815 6.16 
82,261 6.51 

113,218|6 .00 
188,102)6.25 
172,076|6 
137,343|5. 
111,450|5.83 
40,477,552 
1,011,977|6.09 


79,665). 34! 
96,414|5.13 
91,623'5.14 
51,153/5.14 
39,483|5.35 
47,2371. 
62,611 5.32 
57,417 5.33 
49,889 5.37 
131,886 5.34 
192,638'4.81 
176,894 5.01 
1,076,910 5.14 


153,685 5.70 
95,888 5.45 
27,022 5.12 

126,764 5.08 

403,359 5.39) 


43,485|4.97 
44,972\5.60 
5,120/4.91 
67,14115.97 
160,718|5.53 


108,864 


27,073 
50,952 
51,412 

129,437 


73,369 
47,989 
121,358 


38,867 
18,066 
13,049 
31,335 
47,739 
21,536 
18,492 
189,084 


10,948 
15,081 
11,706 
15,646 
27,560 
26,929 
91,538 
20,012 

8,719 

158,139 


14,207 


A. 1896 


ounty Municipalities and groups of Counties the clip of wool in Ontario 
h the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-96 ; also the average 


Yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-95. 


17,922 


33,261 


9,416 
9,269 
14,295 
10,614 
8,116 
26,828 
37,832 
33,888 
915,578 


22,891 
16,746 

3,833 
24 635 
68,105 


6,678 
4,006 
331 
5,741 
16,756 


| 


| 


Pounds 
Lb. per 
fleece. 


83,255 5.66 
120,999 5.78 
141,556 5.81 

94,408 5.36 
104,935 6.00 

69, 318 5.03 
614,471'5.64 


158, Bel 87 
293,05115.75 
297 281|5.78 
749, me 19 


411,470 
269,612|5. 
681,082, 5 


5 
5 
236,01616. 
104,183)5 
75,300|5 
180, 0655. 
276, 787|5.80 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
6 


118,013 
108, 192 
iv 096, 556 


126, 754 589 

115,108 5.75 

46 431 5.33 

942, £46 5.96 
| 


75,465 5.31 
91,116 5.08 


163,901 4.93 


47,830 5.08 
48, 461 5.23 
69,314 4 87 
53,708 5.06 
41,040|5.06 

138,247/5.12 

176.280|4.66 

165,49814.88 

1,070,860/4.97 


128,28115.60 
89,274|6.38 
18,794|4.90 

122,540/4.97 

358, 889|5 28 


34,905|5.23 
22, 6665.66 
1,625 4.91 
34,2395 .96 
93, 43515. 58 


6,214,811'5 60) 1,092,467] 6,235,036|5.71 1,007,321| sor. 


108 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


BEKS. 
TaBLE VI. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the number and value per 
Hive of Bees kept in said Municipalities for the years 1893, 1894 and 1895. 


—___. 


1895. 1894 1893 
zt Some lee ieee die a NS 
Counties. Sg Eee /E. 5 4 res ne S32 ces ore 
65 | S83 | 52) st | 285 | 22] Sb | Ga8 | B25 
ed ERS 3 7, S25 Ks 7, <3 S G 

$ $c. | $ $c. $ $c. 
LORE Shia IS CB paper ora 4,491 21,647, 4 82) 5,452 24,370| 4 47 4,885 24,865| 5 09 
BCOntearecoden ee 3,758 21,195} 5 64 $760 22,948, 4 82 4,110 23,920} 5 &2 
PU ei peek Sait es ele TEs, 4,117 21,697} 5 27 4,813) 24, 498| 5 09) 5,907 31,425} 5 32 
DIN OPLGLIG ERE Mish als ches 708s «ss 6,943 40, 200| 5 79 6,348 33,517, 5 28]. 4,308 22,505| 5 23 
PL AIGIMAaNGsE Ds. '. 5 hagee oh ss 3,549 20, 868} 5 88 6,123 34,166; 5 58 7,390 41,015| 5 55 
PWV OLIAILCE I ate a cus hs Wie via os 4,406 22, 779) 6 17 8,523 39,632. 4 65) 11,221 58,125} 5 18 
ROCAIS fygie 5 ae ir 2 27,264 148, 386| 5 44} 36,019 1248 "196! 4 97 37,816} 201,855) 5 34 
ATAU: 4:6 2s sate oe 5,404 27,290) 5 05 7,854 38,092} 4 85; 9,208 64,065! 6 96 
PLUYONMis a5 6 del elateo a's 7,892 49,246 6 24 9,263 57,523] 6 21 9,004 61,948] 6 88 
Bruce ees bad i aes ale 5,072 28,454] 5 61 8,042 44,070} 5 48 9,579 60,252} 6 29 
Totals deuce ade, setae 18,368 104, 990) 5 72\* .25,159 139,685] 5 55) 27,786 186,265} 6 70 
MA TOY 5 beAbie Stns Wo ate aes 7,094 35,115] 4 95}. 9,497 50,524] 5 32) 9,592 50,262) 5 24 
SSLILICOOA Gi owt) eye = re Forest 4,614 2b, Lomo ieo, 147 28,051} 5 45 4,427 22,401} 5 06 
Taba Seite d caichate a ote 11,708 60,630! 5 4 14,644 78,575| 5 37| 14,019 72,663| 5 18 
Middlesex sjos5.'. aar-3s.- 9,103 55,346} 608} 12,401 69,322] 5 59] 13,789 83,699] 6 07 
OS 4 (oyns ute ne emnga mirage 2,263 15,683} 6 93} 3,661 23,797| 6 50). 4,805 44,783] 9 32 
rant mew gee ood ok « 2,299 13,104} 5 70| 3,437 20,003} 5 82} 3,632 21,429; 5 90 
Weel Prise eine ece cinta» ¢ 3,213 16.740} 5 21 3,435 20,850} 6 07 4,090 25,072} 6 18 
Welling toners -. = iiss» 2,827 16,623| 5 88 3,250 18,623] 5 73 2,359 17,103] 7 25 
Waterloo \sis's die wt aye << eye ile aL 7,764| 6 39 1,157 6,734! 5 82 1,234: 8,490] 6 88 
PEC ER Deretha ss ee Ns. - 2,705) 15,229) 5 63 1,805 8,249| 4 57 1,335] 8,637| 6 47 
PPOuB Baraat es dats Ges - 23, 625 140,489} 5 95} 29,146 167,578} 5 75| 31,244 209,213] 6 70 
MsiNCOlN syte utas eo sal Sas 1,308) 6,213) 4 75| 1,987| 9,657| 4 86 2,828 11,538] 4 08 
Wientworthie.-. 22S... 2806 17,734| 6 32 4,188 22,657; 5 41 4,658 37,031| 7 95 
ELA AMN Shin stats, es | 1,630; 10,514) 6 45 1,481 8,738] 5 90 1,250 6,263] 5 OL 
PCO Cu i ads ss satk's CS 4,000 21,560 5 389 4,904 25,452} 5 19) 4,483 25,643] 5 72 
BV GBIC Gebic gictaiatc-e: =<. ahsfecals. «)s 4,602 30,143; 6 55 4,473 26,927| 6 02) 3,139 22,323| 5.98 
ORLATIO Pe Seis | at sss 4,396 24,354; 5 54 4,445 24,314! 5 47 3,605 28,912) 8 02 
Dy Wieser as meee th, 3,710 20,368} 5 49 4,747 23,355| 4 92 5,056 29 527| 5 84 
Northumberland ....... 10,070 47,732) 4 74 9,572 47,286] 4 94 8,785 44,276} 5 04 
Prince Edward ........ 3,501 19,885} 5 68 3,747 19,0971" 3D> 28 4,196: 16,952} 4 04 
WotalSieqac 2s tux a © 36,023 198,504) 5 51! 39,544 207,983} 5 26) 38,594! 222,465) 5 76 
Lennox and Addington . 2.8381 15,529), 5 39) 2,606 14,985} 5 75 2,611 13,656; 5 23 
Frontenac...... oe eae eM pee 589... 1,540 8, ee 5 - 1,829 11,267, 6 16 
RT CRE Ce IC sooo] @ 0,082 38,187} 5 07; 6,694 35,010} 5. 23) "4 
Grenville ........0ee00e 1,868 8.014] 429, 1,639 7,408] 4 52 ' Oe Alem te le AS 
Darlene. vais terete oh ee 2.953 14.934, 5 04 3,654 15,822 4 33 4,273 23,886] 5 59 
GONIN ORL UM ose sire siasatale, a0 «5 2,247 10,269| 4 57 2,110 9,664) 4 58! i 672 7,524, 4 50 
RG LONQBELY. (in'nj< o's cl te os 3,951 18,056! 4 57 3,929 17,720) 4 51 a 199) 12,284) 3 84 
IPrescottn itaces sis i ots cfs > 5 043 25,820) 5 12 5,752 27,782 4 83 4, 687 | 26,247} 5 60 
PGIRBE OMS cus saved ake otis ote 3 1,650 7,244; 4 39 1,976 8,714 4 41 2.783 os 210] ts a) 
CP ATLOLONG YS sivisre 62 <ietaia%% os 6,702 35,118; 5 24 6,400 31,88! 4 97 5,445 30,655} 5 63 
BRGETEO MW are scare s.ci0is sidierate's« 3,105 14,469) 4 66 2,OL1 11,676! 4 65 2,739) 12,408; 4 53 
HATA D Ke cc a Kuni se sk-pehenels ef 4,597 21,560} 4 69 7,420 aris Kee 5) 1 BL 9,895 | 41,856, 4 23 
POURS aoe lars, «eualn iors x 43,880 217,098} 4 95 46,231! 226,867; 4 91) 46,382 220,952, - 4 76 
RY LOE OTT Arie We'< ess Saw ope « 3,455 16,791} 4 86 1,193 5,985 5 00 642 4,173 6 50 
Peterborough. ...,...... 1,310 8,070} 6 16 1,633 9,586 5 87 1,570) 11,241). -7 16 
RA RGUNEON, © Fs oan aceh ars « 109 591; 5 42 60 350' 5 84 62 310} 5 00 
BLASTN Ae siti 0-4 eterate ote «'« 6,139 35,422) 5 77 5,208 28,956] 5 56} 5,887 26,845} 4 56 
OREIS arate 605, dtrars. ie 6 « 11,013 60,884} 5 4 8,094 44,857; 5 54 8,161 ees, 5 22 
Migskokan shies eben ve 663, 4,303] 6 49 586 3,586] 6 12 421 2,564| 6 09 
Parry Sound ........... 160 1,070! 6 69 53 312} 5 89 12 s0 5 00 

INIDISSING GS a «5 hess oo es 17 85) 5 00 14 ZO} 25) OO0l sans chk Loe or eee 
A TONE tools saa eiwreie ais + 452 2,219) 4 91 604 2,935) 4 86 733 4,339| 5 92 
cigs LAWRIE wraleve ghiv 8 peste Pd =< 1,292 7,677| 5 94 1,257 6,903: 5 49 1,166 6,963} 5 97 
1,051,574) 5 26) 205,168 1,162,045 5 67 


The: Province. 26 Jr/tae 173,173] 938,658) 5 sl 200,094 


109 


| 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


TABLE VII. 


*FACTORY CHEESE. 


A. 1896 


Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the quantity and value of 


Cheese made at 721 factories in Ontario in 1895, the amount paid to patrons and the total number of 


factories reported in cperation. 


Ag 
ee 
or 

Counties. & = 
om 
[aed VS 
ies 
No. | 
Wessex is 2 ee pated 10 
Kent in ernie che 11 
Pilpinwe seis. vo snk 25 
INiorfollke eric. se 22 
Haldimand ....... 11 
Welland ......... 3 
Totals or 8 sur. | 82 
] 
(uambtony. sss. see 17 
Huron) jae cela: 19 
Bruceaen seloes sae 27 
MOcalisube tier 63 
Grey eae tote pie As 17 
STIMCOG) ck ies ob e's 20! 
TC Otalsien « xalere 37 
Middlesex......... 37 
OSXPOTOM eons ose 45 
Brantietartcuten a ce 9 
Perth oo ee ru. inte 28 
Wellington ....... 15 
Waterloo ......... | 9 
Uputlerivicwines cic 7 
Totaleircs.ss s- 150 
WITICOLN eines cies 4 
Wentworth ..... #4 
EV aCOn we moe, to enle. 2 
Peele oe. wire as 5 
POTN eee seg 8 
GQntarion.: oes tie sus oe 
Murhantes eo yee 13 
Northumberland... 37 
Prince Edward ... .| 22 
Totalaeovacws.6 105 
Lennox & Addingt’n 30 
Frontenac ........ 57 
Breeds Fi eo oe skies 81 
Grenville ......... 41 
Dundas*rsn. 5. oe 47 
Stormont ......,.. 40) 
Glengarry..... ... 53 
Prescott..... ..... 68 
Russell... /. 02. 37 
Carleton. 456 55 
Renfrew ........ 21 
sanatkaeen eee 42 
Motalenesoceit 572 
Wictoriate ote ce 16 
Peterborough ..... 33 
Haliburton ....... 7 
Hastings 4)......655 94 
Totslety. 5% ed 
Miuckoray ees 2 
Parry Sound ...... S 
Dotalatisec ses: ; 5 
The Province ..... 1,164 


| 


| 


| 


| 


44 
Be Quantity of 
38 
Sy 
S op 
9.2, Milk used. Cheese 
Ey made. 
No.| 16 laa: 
8| 4,943,448] 448,503 
5|  3,282,995| 298,303 
18] 23,780,298] 2,151,740 
15] 15,428,144] 1,413,497 
10} 10,474,504 957,147 
2} 1,920,191] 173,333 
58} 59,829,580! 5,442,523 
13} 9,334,17L] 840 076 
16] 16,610,737° 1,510,205 
24} 22,958,016 2,094,935 
53| 48,932,924 4,445,916 
} | 
13]  7,371,287| 672,646 
15] 5,938,994] 540,882 
281 13,310,281] 1,213,528 
25| 33,008,164] 2,968,344 
32} 68,571,995| 6,253,896 
4) 5,394,722} 488,915 
21} 32,579,254] 2,944,147 
11] 192,729,723) 1,147,262 
7| 4,884,850! 449,188 
6! 5,203,208] 476,614 
106] 162,371,916] 14,728,366 
3]  3,447.911; 312,997 
5| 4,874,695] 435,230! 
if 422,000 40,000 
5! 2,546,779] 240,172 
8} 4,824,739] 442,682 
5] 3,881,430} 352,734 
9} 7,951,749] 715.631 
23| 30,985,240} 2,819,717 
13 14 779,579] 1,385,934 
72| 73,714,122) 6,745,097 
22} 32,032,967] 3,076,104 
29} 19.992.714) 1,899,905 
33| 36 689,163] 3,418,695 
24} 27,010,647| 2.542,606 
27| 24,866,509, 2,370,216 
26] 23,112,754| 2,199,128 
29| 19,881,087) 1,868 649 
22\ 14,252,247| 1,289,494 
12| 8.435 887} 827,026 
39| 34,743,280] 3,301,070 
13! 9,834,511} 920.604 
29| 34,263,851! 3,222,103 
305} 285,095,067) 27,035,600 
S| 4,893,4°0]} 455,115 
28, 26,1°5,777| 2,384,098 
41 1,508,555} 145,659 
55| 56,710,258] 5,366,647 
25, 89,237,990! 8,351,519 
2 367,617 36,305 
2 291,811 27,811 
4 659,428 64,116 
7211 733,151,308' 68,025,965 


Gross 
value of 


cheese. 


$ 
32,701 
92.722 
167,627 
108,955 
76,357 
14,041 
422, 403 


65,407 
126,478 
166,546 
358,431 


58,453 
41,300 
94,758 


235,164 
493,397 
38,633 
238,535 
92,102 
35,350 
36,567 
1,169,748 


24,855 
33,627 
3,000 
19,040 
35,125 
27,398 
56,710 
218,636 
106,887 
525,278 


944,961 
149,440 
971,272 
201,403 
189.111 
169,855 
146,674 
105,02 
64,589 
260,878 
70,463 
258, 245 

2,131,693 


25,616 
187,054 

11,338 
420,473 
654,481 


2,798 
2,328 
5,126 


5,361,913] 42,283 


| 


No. of patrons. 


634 
270 
1,388 
1,241 
962 
204 
4,699) 


937 
1,502 
2.134 
4,573 


939 
710 
1,649 


1,770 
2,566! 
301 
1,884 
1,035 
535 
505 
8,596 


2,461 
pa 


57 
3i! 
88 


Milk required 


to make 1 lb. 


~cheese. 


10 55) 


10 75 
10 96 
10 36 
10 57 
10 69 


10 13 
10 49 
10 28 


10 78 


ED) Py 
|. 8 2 5 8 
. Heo} | 
| 2s ES 
oS eae on 
ee Zea 
g@a| £A8 
> be 
$ | $ 
729) 23,044 
7 62 17,440 
7 79| 135,657 
ugh 82,013 
798] 58.754 
810) ‘10,818 
776, 327,226 
7 79| 46,468 
8 37 98, 237 | 
795) 126,694 
8 06} 271,399 
7 95 30,1238 
7 64) 27,828 
7 81 66,951 
7 92| 186,976 
7 89} 409,168 
7 90| 29,784 
8 10] 192,098 
8 03} 70,805 
7 87 26,650 
7 67| 25,900 
7 94| 941,381 
794) 18,984 
7 73| 24,056 
7 50 2,380 
7 98 14,111 
7 93 26,335) 
TTT 19,055 
i 792; 39.918 
| 7 75| 178,415 
171 81,228 
| 7 79| 400,782 
7 94} 190,756 
7 87| 128,280 
7 93| 229,580 
7 92! 169,701 
7 98| 160,858 
7 72| 143,166 
7 85| 124,736 
7 59 86,356 
7 81 54,841 
790] 214 029 
7 65 51,388 
8 01] 204,553 
7 88) 1,753,144! 
783 25,990 
7 85! 147,867 
7 78 8.531 
7 88] 350,078 
7 84| 532,466 
tare 1,950 
8 37 1,280 
7 99 3,230 


| 7 88| 4,296,579 


Paid to patrons 


per 100 Ib. of 


milk, 


Or 
NNHNOnG 


o 
or . 
YOR We G® 


or 
for) 
MH HNN RORMNOGNHDAHD BPODNHRARYHO SHARONAG 


or 
=a 
7) 


56.6 
61.7 
59.7 


43.0 
43.9 


49.0 © 


58.6 


Aan ‘slid see lect io la haigh aes stds! A tent al Wadd lS ote alin hai ao es i a! aoe EL pe 
*The statistics in this table are for factories making returns only. The total amount of cheese made at 


1,164 factories is estimated at 109,230,240 lb , and the amount paid to patrons at $6,922,962, (See page 79.) 


110 


PART IIT. 


VALUES, RENTS AND FARM WAGES. 


VALUES OF FARM PROPERTY. 


The following table gives the values of farm lands, buildings, implements and live 
stock by county groups for 1894 and 1895, and for the Province for each of the thirteen 
years 1883-1895: 


TEDERE TGVINGEs Wi, aide ss wc alee'es 4 1889. .| 632,329,433 
1888. .| 640,480,801 

1887 . .| 636,883,755 

| 1886. .| 648,009,828 


192, 464, 237 51,685,706 105,731, 288 982,210,664 
188,293,226 | 49,754,832 102, 839, 235 | 981,368,094 
184,753,507 | 49,248,297 | 104,406,655 | 975,292,214 
183,748,212 | 50,530,936 | 107,208,935 | 989,497,911 

1885. .| 626,422,024 | 182,477,905 | 48,569,725 | 100,690,086 | 958,159,740 

1884. .| 625,478,706 | 173,386,925 | 47,830,710 | 103,106,829 | 949,803,170 
(1883. .| 654,793,C25 | 163,030,675 | 43,522,530 | 100,082,365 | 961,428,595 


ee 


1] 
Districts. Farm land. | Buildings. |Implements.| Live stock. Parra | 
Pier 
$ $ § 
1895..| 82,705,888 | 27,737,748 | 7,166,730 | 12,559,651 | 180,170,017 
Lake E 

YEAR ee gs Oe ee aa he a 1894..| 84,973,369 | 27,724,505 | 7,142,076 | 13,489,680 | 133,329,630 

Lake H f1895..} 65,086,947 | 21,173,775 | 5,478,207 | 12,495,338 | 104,234,267 
Fee LD Citas oe Sari Pe 2 3 * (1894..} 66,687,263 | 21,128,984 | 5,569,007 | 13,513,497 | 106,898,751 | 
ca ne ay 44,115,508 | 15,640,459 | 4,494,196 | 9,313,169 | 73,563,332 | 

Sree a gee rip sage san aes os 1894. .| 45,536,417 | 15,714,652 | 4,510,753 10,197,899 |. 75,959,721 

West Midland 1895... 121,390,386 | 44,277,813 | 10,199,962 | 22,244,416 | 198,112,577 

ear 8 sans fies * ++ 1894..] 124,512,040 | 43,964,082 | 10,405,475 | 23°729.369 202,610,966 

roauiteke wie 1895. .| 120,502,380 | 45,409,418 | 10,065,062 | 18,950,369 | 194,927,229 

ee peel hE Set CR. ee 1894. .| 124,257,277 | 45,619,495 | 10,327,644 | 20,785,995 | 200,990,411 

| 

f1895..| 97,495,749 | 35,988,390 | 9,622,379 | 19,768,061 | 162,874,579 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa ....11894'"| 99/198,799 | 35,913,049 | 9'655,240 | 207543246 | 165°240°334 | 
Hast Midland 1895. .| 34,936,540 | 11,897,685 | 3,190,672 | 6,681,324 | 56,706,221 | 
np Sg nen Sele Eee RT 1894..| 35,668,091 | 12,058,550 ; 3,224,764 | 7,373,427 | 58,324,832 
apr f1895..) 6,705,074 | 2,023,382 | 727,177 | 1,945,719 | 11,401,352 | 

Northern Districts........... (1894..; 6,482,861 | 1,948,249 695,213 | 1,914,539 | 11,040,862 

| 

(1895. .| 572,938,472 | 204,148,670 | 50,944,385 | 103,958,047 | 931,989,574 

1894. .| 587,246,117 | 204,071,566 | 51,530,172 | 111,547,652 | 954,395,507 
1893. .| 602,664,361 | 200,189,888 | 51,435,919 | 116. 070,902 | 970,361,070 | 

1892. .| 615,828,471 | 195,644,258 | 51, 003,020 | 117,501,495 | 979,977,244 

1891. .| 621,245,223 | 191,268,327 | 50,651,442 | 108°721,076 | 971,886,068 

| 1890. .| 622,886,000 193,438,826 | 50,515,583 | 104,086,626 | 970,927,035 


Farm land again shows a decreased value for the Province, the reduction in 1895 
reaching $14,307,645, while the figures have grophen $81,854,553 since 1883, The 


, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ee ee eee 


Northern Districts alone show an increase. There is little variation in the value of 
farm buildings, but implements and live stock show a considerable slump. 


VaLue Per ACRE OccuPixED. The value per acre occupied of the various 
classes of farm property is given in the following table, by county groups and for the 
Province, for the years 1894 and 1895: 


Farm lands. | Buildings. | Implements. Live stock. rete 


Districts. ; 3 

1895. | 1894. | 1895. | 1894. | 1895. 1894, | 1895. | 1894. | 1895. | 1894. 

$c.) Ge $ | Sc.| $el $eal $e} Fe] Fe} Fe 

3 06| 5 38! 5 78! 55 72! 57 10 

Tiake Huron.-.°.°-...--- 28 15) 28 94) 916} 917} 2 387| 241] 5 40! 5 86 45 08] 46 38 

Georgian Bay .....------ 91 74| 22 49] 7 71! 7 76] 221) 2 23) 459) 5 03 36 25| 37 51 

West Midland. ..-. ..-- 37 31| 38 25| 13 61) 13 51 313} 319] 6 84| 7 29] 60 89) 62 24 
ake Ontario.c.2s-6 1: 39 53 

18 59| 6 75| 674} 180] 181] 3 71] 3 85) 30 54 30 99 


40 75| 14 90} 14 96 1 ay 3 39] 6 22] 6 82] 63 95) 65 92 


119] 2 48} 2 73} 21 03} 21 61 
34| 92 94| 5 42} 5 40 


2 28 1 sd 4 84} 40 32 


St. Lawrence and Ottawa) 18 28 
Rast Midland =. .<. 6-5). 12 96 
Northern Districts....... 3 19 


The Province .... ..-- | 24 79| 25 49| 8 3 8 86] 2 20 
el ee eee 


Lake Erie.......---+-++> 35 36 39| 11 87| 11 87| 3 07 
| 41 42 


There is an average reduction of 70 cents per acre for each acre of farm land 
assessed in the Province, 3 cents on the farm buildings, 3 cents on implements and 34 


cents for live stock. 


basis of comparison, as the values are here 


The following table gives a still better 
groups and for the Province : 


given per acre cleared or in use, by county 


. mB | Z fe) os as: The Province. 
& SN cs ts oe = , 
2 2 a S s esis aS 
= = Ss | ‘S 
Farm property.| & a S| 5 Sewer das, Be 
| : ‘o z ae oo | ¢ Sz = Ae 1895. | 1894. | 1883. | 1883-95. 
4 wv jo) O ois m2 mo 
4 | piped peas thay Pes a lz 
$oc.| Fe. ui $ c. oe $e. 7 amy oe ee ca $ oc, 
Buildings ....| 18 09) 14 71! 13 61] 18 33] 19 22] 14 81] 13 26, 10 22) 16 43) 16 60) 15 00) 16 46 
Implements ..) 4 67 3 80} 391) 4 22) 4 26) 3 96) 3 55] 3 67| 410) 419) 4 138 4 33 
Live stock ... | mii joan 9 21| 8 02, 813] 7 44] 9 83) 8 36} 9 07; 950; 9 28 
| 
Total inaye 2 | 30 oy 97.19 25 62 31 is, 31 nO 26 2 24 25) 23 72) 28 89} 29 &6| 28 63) 30 07 
" | 
ny telat ia ie aL Sie oe eS ee 


Tha figures in this table do not show such wide ranges as in the preceding table for 
farm property other than the land. The Lake Ontario group averages the best buildings 
per acre cleared, but the West Midland stands first when implements and live stock are 
counted in. For the three items the average of the Province is only 26 cents in excess 
of the average for 1883, for although the aggregate value of buildings, implements and 
live stock has increased by $52,415,532 since 1883, the cleared land has advanced from 


10;539,557 acres in 1883 to 12,426,992 acres in 1895. 
112 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Rentaus oF LeasEevD Farms. The average value and rental of such leased 
farms as were reported on farmers’ schedules returned to this Bureau in 1895 are shown 
by districts in the following table : 


pb i 4) 3S ej ) 
as fo} S {ob} = i083) 
| | o S a s | 3 5 2 a wn : 
| Wes 5 = = = = ae) qo Te 
Leased farms. 5 = 3 S 5 BO | g a S 
| | =) © + | spel - rr pa 
4 wd 3) oF ts ae D =) 0) 
® 3S 0) aS 43 ES i) Gi 
Se ree ages: |e | H | a A 12 | = 
BP a BESSY ee See, eo ——| —, 
Average value— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
A SATI Ver iia ey Arete oS Se eee 3,723 | 3,697 | 3,034 | 4,724 | 4,709 | 3,323 | 3,514 | 1,150 | 3,844 
UUs ¥.7 4 sy wee eee 1,339 | 1,326 | 1,194 | 1,788 | 1,766 | 1,369 | 1,361 | 577 | 1,460 
(A‘verage’rental ...........0.% OTe e209) e190 289 12\ 2924 198 6 213 92 | 236 
! 
Rent per acre based on— j $c. $c. | BSc | $e. } Fe. | SG. Pep CL Ae See Br Ce 
: 1895... 2 26 1.1 89 +1 58 | 2 32 | 250, 1 43) 1 34 46 | 1 87 
Acres occupied ..< 1894 Pole e sa bore 17 | 248 | 1 44 | 1 36 ADs 188 
1886-95;. -2elsetd $2\-1y D742 3 | 2 62 | 1 36 | 1 44 | 44 | 1 98 
1895....| 2 84 2 46 | 209 2 88; 3 05; 2 15 ' 2:09 }'1 73 | 2 59 
Acres cleared....< 1894 ...| 290 | 2 48 | 217 | 279; 3 07 | 2 3l | 211] 1 64 | 2 65 
1886-95..| 2 93 | 2 58 | 2 21 | 2 97 | Stal | 2516 4-2-3441. (oe 2. 06 
| Per cent. ratio of (1895....| 4 48 | 4 43 | 4 50 | 4 44 | 451} 4 22 | 4 38 | 5 31 | 4 45 
| rental to value 4 1894....| 4 54 | 4 30 | 4 67 | 4 22 | 4 88 | 4 08 | 4 95 | 5 20 | 4 49 
Off arnys. ii veh 1886-95..| 4 16 | 4 26 | 4 34 | 4 25 | 4 47 | 3 91 | 4 57 | 5 O1 | 4 29 
| 


i 


The rent per acre occupied has decreased by one cent, and by six cents per acre 
cleared. The per cent. ratio of the rental to the value of the farm land and buildings 
is 4.45, or .04 less than in the preceding year, although .16 more than the average for 
the ten years 1886-95. In this connection it is well to remember that, owing to leases, 
rentals are not likely to fall as rapidly as values may decline. 


VALUES OF LIVE STOCK. 


Va.cur or Horsszs. The following table gives the value of each of the four 
classes of farm horses by county groups and for the Province, together with their total 
value for 1894 and 1895; also the value of all classes of horses sold in the year : 


$$$ 


ee ie ia ba 
20 one =} : os 
Districts. a 2 os a = as | = | ae 
HO ® aS aS 3a a 
0.8 2 ra 3 eal 22 
S ea ) mM a | i 
oe $ $ $ $ | > 
Dake Hie lucite oth tees een 3,908,601 j 585,641. 963,609 121,377 5,579,228 | 345,748 
ake HULOD by 4336 sche 3,045,020 616,171 742,251 81,126 4,484,568 366,645 | 
Becrolan Bay vee c.0s. ches 2.510, 288 458,614 514.958 | 60,852 | 3,574,707 | 266,640 
NWreaG. Midlamd ss Px 3's 2:07 iis. et 5,409,885 1,022,883 1,401,347 204,723 8,088, 838 508, 242 
Lake Ontario a5 i AGE 5,796,214 990,760 1,391,847 | 210,129 8,388, 950 558,502 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa... 4, 983,037 784,410 953,039 127,657 | 6,848,143 392,693 
Piper N LI ADGis At cies oss soi 1,882,664 278,091 393,326 | 49,739 2,603, 820 127,267 
Northern Districts.......:...: 507,126 147,886 | 88,307 22,381 765,500 50, 654 
free (oh eh 28,042,835 | 4,884,456 | 6,478,679 | 877,784 | 40,283,754 | 2,616,391 | 
aa e (1894..... | 29,086,363 6,781,009 8,996,281 | 1,381,961 | 46,245,614 | 3,222,500 


The value of all horses on hand has gone down from $46,245,614 in 1894 to $40,- 


b] 


283,754, and every class has shared in the decline, although, relatively, the value of 
working horses has suffered least. 
391, or $606,109 less than those of 1894. 


Spit 2) 


Sales of horses this year amounted to only $2,616,- 


113 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896. 


VaLtuk oF Cattue. The following table gives the values of the various classes. 
of cattle, their total vajues in 1894 and 1895, and the value of cattle sold during 1895, 
by county groups and for the Province : 


| a © | | 
a BS 3 yes 
ao | 2 S 5 & | Sed | me 
Districts. | “4 @ a © eS —39 => 
BX c is as oS Sa 
° ‘ a re} (5) i oe) 
| S = | D i o) Hee = = 
& $ $ 
Takes Hinven sorte moet 16,217 2,592,626 ane 791 il oe 121 4, a 755 | 1,324,779 
Thales Huron: st on oe eee ne 25,092 2,454,409 1, 947, 724 | 1. 575, 677 6, 002, 902 2, 475, 253. |i 
Georgian Bay ey 22 ok et te 28,170 | 1,887,661 970, 911 1, 042. 146 3. 928, 888 13 172,279 
West: Midlamd.. i.) 42. ...42° 21,530 Deo. 91 2,419,565 2, 570, 86° 10, 738, 880 | 3,982,556 | 
Lake Ontario ..... .| 14,568 4,499,476 1239,072 1,808, 704 7,561,820 2 235,791 
St. Lawrence and Ottawatt 26,272 6,938,125 1,159,325 1,882, 250 10. 005, 972 1,783,768 | 
astevind am cease meee eee 24,515 1,908, 128 "453, 531 659, 567 3, 045, TAl "BLS, 166 
Northern [ietricte Bis oe ht 44,690 399,397 145, 323 | 223,649 | 813,059 182,525 
Totals 898 eines 191,054 26,416,739 9,272, 242 10,827,982? 46,708,017 5 13,272,127 
be ped VAL SOR srr 226,127 25,863,069 10,081,007 | al. "407, 384 | 47,577,587 Le eae 15, 219, 256 


The value of cattle.on hand in the Province is $46,708,017, a decrease of $869,570 
compared with the preceding year, although there has been an increase in the value of 
milch cows. The total value of cattle disposed of during the year is $13,272,127, or 
$1,947,129 less than in 1894. Oonsiderably over one-fourth the sales of anrale were 
made in the West Midland group, where the greatest number of store cattle are fed ; 
while the St. Lawrence and Ottawa district, which has the highest value in milch awe 
and which has nearly as great value for all classes of cattle on hand as the West Mid- 
land, stands fourth in the total value of sales during the year. 


SHEEP AND Hogs. The table following gives the values of all classes of sheep 
and swine on hand and sold in 1895, by county groups and for the Province ; also the 


figures for the Province for 1894: 


Sheep. Hogs. 
Districts. | ; | : | eae 
| Over one Under one Totalon Total sold Over one |Under one, Total on | [otal sold) 
year. | year. hand. in year. year. year. hand. in year. 
Sol aes ee $ ys 8 gel aeg 
Lake Erie..... 533 1927) 296,36 4 830,21 299,272 481 589) 777,439] 1,259,008] 1,757,612 
Lake Huron ..| 729,544) 420.086) 1,149,630 375,194’ 243,496’ 397,404] 640,900| 978,254 
Georgian Bay . 675.4571 322,288 "997, 745| 276,687 952, 467 386,448 638,915 833,519] 
West Midland. 98 4,219 458,586] 1,542,805 542,983 Bui, hee 969,642] 1,497,630! 2,326,958 
Lake Ontario. 836,878. 404,009} 1,240 ,887; 444,143 504 TAG) 800,112} 1,304,858} 1,996,856 
St. L. & Otta va 86 4,517 413.632] 1, '308, 149, 390 848 604,758; 579,379, 1,184,187] 1,435,263 
East Midland. 290.921 131,912 4: 22,833 105,891 227,503. 935,720) 463, 223 607,001 
Northern Dists | 152,181 63,921 216,102, 49,594 56,499 56,041! 112,540' 132,204 


| | 
5, 67,644 2,640,798 7,708 442 2,484,612) 2,899,026 4,202,185} 7,101,211 10,067,667 
5,580,936 3,025,735| 5,606,671 2,552,267; 2,981,213) 3,928,044) 6,909, 62 10,158,978 


f 1895. 
Totals | 1894. 


The total value of sheep on hand is $7,708,442, which is less by $898,229 than in 1894, 
both classes sharing in the decrease. The value of sheep sold was $2,484,612, or €67,655 
below the figures for the preceding year. There is a decrease in the value of hogs over 
one year, id a more decided increase in the value of hogs under one year, while the value 
of all classes of swine is $7,101, 211. or $191,949 better than in 1894. The value of 
swine sold, $10,067,667, is, however, €91,311 lees than in the year before. 


114 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUE oF PouLTrRy AND ToTaL Live Stock: The value of poultry 
by clavses, and also the total value of live stock on hand and sold during the year, is given 
in the following table by county groups and for the Province : 


Poultry. | 
| Total value | Total value | 
Districts. | Total of live stock'of live stock 
Turkeys. | Geese. oe 7 ear sold in on hand. |sold ONE Acc 
year. | 

| - 3 $ $ $ | $ Ey Raya $ 
Bakeriarie, 2.57,8 4.8! 50,615] 23,072 206,682 280,369 127,057} 12,559,651 3,854, 468 
fake urOON ma. 6.1 3s 44,411 26,429 146,498 217,338 79,224; 12,495,338 4,274,580! 
Georgian Bay........ 28,646 23,989 120,279 172,914 60,555! =: 9,313,169 2,609,680) 
West Midland ...... 93,690 42,941 289,632, 426,263 173,097| 22,244,416 7,533, 836 
Lake Ontario ........ 98, 01€! 49,429} 306,409; 453,854 207,568] 18,950,369 5,442,860 
St. Lawrence & Ottawa 101,671 49,047 270,942 421,660 151,974; 19.768,061 3,754,546) 
East Midland. ...... 31,971 17,495 96,241 145,707! 48,355 6,681,324 1,403,680 


Northern Districts... 6,945 4,131 27,442 38,518 12,504 1,915,719 427,481 
| | | | 


| 
1885. 455,965 236,533, 1,464,125: 30,015 860,334; 103,958,047) 29,301,131 


Totals... { 1894. paeatd ee ee ae 2,208,518 (aS 111,547,652; 31,935,589 


The total value of poultry in the Province is placed at $2,156,623, which is a decrease of 
$51,895, the falling off occurring in all classes. The value of fowl sold during the year, 
_ however, amounted to $860,334, an improvement of $77,746 over last year’s figures. 

The total value of live stock on hand is estimated at $103,958,047, or $7,589,605 less. 
than that of a year ago ; while the value of all live stock sold during the year is given as 
$29,301,131, a decrease of $2,634,458 compared with the figures for 1894 


VaLues or Live Stock Per Heap. The table following gives the 
value of the various classes of live stock per head on hand on July 1, 1894 and 1895: 


: > a) : va oS The 
5 g BS a | - | z el Bae hab (ee erovinice;ay 
= 5 | < s eS cs) a5 
Farm live stock. SI ae] a S 5 | hey aie aes | 
ay PEG a ree psi eet ioe Ee | 
“ * S | o “ | ,2! @ | 5A | 1895. | 1894. 
Ele pice ne ee per hee | rel 2 
Horses : $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Working horses.....,.....-.--. 67 69 67 64 66 64 66 83 66 74 
Breeding mares..... ......3-:. 67 70 68 67 69 67 59 86 68 76 
(WOlta te Poa Gare eis Gieleeee ere ions 45 44 43 44 45 | 41 41 42 44 48 
BSE LUSOMING? 4 por Mh oe xe cin vice oeke Gace cs | 258 278 342 336 257 | 213 199 229 265 328 
Cattle : 
Working oxen..........+e0005- 29.) 256 mk Ago he 4a BB-| ye 40 88: [14 abe 46 
@c.\ $i S$ cl Sal Fel Be Sel Fc.' Fic Fe. 
RECOV «cats Stctuln fs Moa tence is 29 43' 30 75| 29 03| 33 55} 32 23] 27 13] 25 56 238 00 29 74! 31 02 
BEOre Captcha... 65 2%...) Wea). See's oe 25 45| 29 09} 22 74| 28 37| 24 86) 21 32) 19 84| 21 25) 25 36] 26 75 
O)chiercattlerues rd aise aise ths 11 90! 12 71) 11 fe 13 a 13 21] 10 95) 10 23) 10 24/ 12 14/ 12 91 
Sheep : | 
Oesrahe year! sb. w+ i.evs os o's 4381 489| 4511 517) 496] 404] 414! 474) 4 62) 5 14 
Under one year’. 2.5.05 oe be 2761 295| 273 325 291) 260) 2 46] 2 64) 2 85) 3 26) 
Hogs: 
Over OLE VORLS ees he dys kets, core 10 72 11 88] 11 46 12 53} 13 00) 1) 96] 11 25) 11 37' 11 87| 18 08 
Under one year. ..... sce. seers 3 88) 3 96) 408 4 144 393] 405 368] 3711 398) 4 30 
Poultry : cts. | cts. | ctx. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. cts. 
PERU Beaks, as kk Gk on ae | 60 62 63 66 69 66 65 73 65 67 
Lt OE hp mid oness 2 Witte so pete, ne, vs 54 51 55 56 60 58 54 67 56 57 
CRORE COWS hfe 00 3005 le ogy eieete oh | 21 | 20 | 22 22 | 23 23 | 22 24 22 23 


115 


59 Victoria. 


The following shows the values per head of the various classes of 


Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


sold in the years ending June 30, 1894 and 1895: 


A. 1896 


farm live stock 


: a F 
Ss ro x : 4 The 
| | a FY 2 35 f= ae) | Province, 
a iS ae = 3 a> = <a 
. 2 | 8 rie ie pal pets ee) de 
Farm live stock. S| fe a = GC ewes S | @.2 
oc s Gq 
© C) i +2 >) ra + 3A 
“= | a S a “ a i @ | & 1895. | 1894. 
| Ho! o e ee ee ys | 
Horses : Se} oe See. Sa. 3 el -B-el +S) Sie $e.) Sete eece 
ee eo £1895..| 68 00° 66 00! 66 00| 63 00 67 00' 62 00] 59 00! 64 00) 63 00...... 
ORSSS BOOK YGAL-- = SV 1894 eet. OUR SLOOrRBouO0l 7a uy 83 00. 71 00] 71 00} 73 2 es: | 77 00 
Cattle : 
SR iin ant 1895. | 29 50| 35 00} 29 05) 36 91. 32 65' 24 22] 24 41| 24 22 3174!..... 
| ONG OF RLULOG IN Year. 24/1894) 2|/80° 271088, 081b38°25). 40 129, 36 0602627 Sarsbhiao aleruee | 34 46 
Sheep :{ | | 
Ailey 1895-.| 370) 866 341] 407] 383) 318] 330] 369] 3 64| ..... 
Sold_or killed in year ..} 4g94°'| 413) 4 40| 402! 4 . 4 49|% 3.46] 3 61| < 3\91lees 414 
Hogs: | | 
ali f 1895...) 8 80-8 21) 8°32 8 24° 8 28110 86) 8.66 4 S77) 98.68) nee 
Sold or killed in year ..) yg94.'| 9 85; 9 87| 930) 954! 9 47| 11 76) 9 74) 9 B7/...... 9 86 
Poultry : cts. }i cts!) j: cts.) ct. |s cts. | iets .e) ‘cts! | cts. cts. | cts. 
ree ts (1895; 1327) Scen gate 38 38 IS 5 37°) | M86 "1434 9 SG ee eee 
Sold or killed in year .. | 4g94° | 34 | 35 | BD B71) Bo ae aT | Beat 397 teen 37 
| 


Each of the four classes of horses has declined in value per head, and the average price 
paid for horses sold during the year was only $65, or $12 less than in the year before. 
There was a similar experience in the case of cattle, and the average price per head sold 
was $31.74, compared with $34.46 in 1894. Sheep have also declined in value in both 
classes, the figures being $3.64 per head as against $4.14 in 1894. In every class of hogs 
a lowering in value was also witnessed, the average price per head having fallen from 
$9.86 to $8.68. In poultry, too, a general decrease is seen in all classes, and the average 
price paid for fowls was 36 cents compared with 37 cents in the previous year. 


VALUES OF OROPS. 


MarkET Prices. The following table is made up from reports from thirty 
fairly-distributed market points, and the figures are taken for the period when each of 
the various articles of farm produce named in the table is marketed. The average prices 
for the fourteen years 1882-95 are also given : 


| 
ae] Sa") Lost |y ets eel es | eee ea 
Markets. | 2.5 ae -5 ve 5 5 eB as Seal rane 8 S 
Pe | fs | Sel aesl ot l as | ek! Ss] is] fe] ck | Se 
eRe |B) BIRO Ree ose eee SSS ee See emimen 
| mn aa) ° pc : Qu oO Go, eS oo to = 
1305 Rea 69.3] 69.8 40.4] 29.1] 45.6 54.8] 22.6] 36.8] 94.7) 202] 12.30' 20.0 
1004 0 85.0] 55.5| 40.5) 30.8] 44.2) 53.6] 26.1] 39.2 110.4] 35.4] 7.56] 169 
Rew Bi Aad 1a 6 59.9) 59.4) 40.1) 33.2) 47,5) 64.0} 26.5) 41.8) 118.0) 39.5) 7.64 18.2 
1902s". Sys 70.71 67.8 41.3] 30.8] 55.8! 59.0! 26.3 42.2] 98.8] 50.4] 8.20) 18.2 
V89 eee ee 95.1] | 92.9) 49.1) 36.5 72.3) 63.8] “31.1) 944.1) 106.4) 32.6) 11291) 1994 
18904 1.4. 94.2} 91.3) 60.2| 41.1) 52.71 60.3} 30.5! 43.0] 198.5 44.3 7 95| 90.5 
Shun ees 88.4) 88.1| 44.0 305! 509, 55.7| 25.9 39.5 126.7; 45.5) 9 98] 20.7 
1SSRo. ee 102 4) 99.3) 60.1] 40.5| 60.2] 65 4 29.3 49.3) 113.7] 31.7| 16.71 20.4 
ey ane, 78.4, 78.0 56.7; 34.6| 49 5| 55.9] 28.9| 45.0| 97.91 62.8| 11.62 921 
Nistolovevas saeeee (3. Olu CocDh DoLit Sie ou O le O2me RO ee GO 27.61 33.7| 83 7| 44.9) 9 691 19.1 
TESS skeen 81.5] 80.6] 55.2| 31.5] 55.2| 58.0] 27.9, 392 800] 41.1 9.85. 17.4 
16g ee ohh ise 80.5) 81.4| 53.6} 33.1] 59.7| 64.4| 45.0) 40.0 118 0| 40.0 9 56) 17.8 
TSBR sate: 105.0] 107.0) 67.01 38.0) 62.0) 71.0).:... |...... | 62.0 902) 169 
LSI false 101..0| 106.0) 69.0, 43.0) 64.0) 74.0 40.0, 40.0, 197.0) 64.0 11 54, 16.9 
1882-95 82.8| 85.1 51.9) 34.3] 57.0 59.8) 30.2 10.8) 110.7 41.5 9.71] 18.7 


116 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


Hay is the only field crop exceeding its own average price for the fourteen years, although 
it fails to equal the remarkable figures of 1888, and wool also commands a higher price 
than its average for 1882-95. The extremely low figure for potatoes is striking. Oats 
and corn (in the ear) are the other crops falling below their respective prices in every 
other year comprising the table. 


VaLtuer or Grops. The following table presents the value of each crop, based 
upon market prices, acreage and yield, for each of the five years 1891-95, together with 
the average for the fourteen years 1882-95 : 


| Average 
Crops. 1895. 194. 1893, 1892. 1891. aersties 
! 
—eEEEEE re | ee eee | eee beta Wit TAAL Nee eee Oe 
$ $ $ $ | $ 
Fall wheat 9 809,610 9,081,658] 10,509,604 14,488,195} 20,800,736| 14,742,708 
Spring wheat...| 2,423,835] 1,869,159, -2,486,521| —5,620,888| 9,951,019) 6,570,962 
Barleyorn so 4'984.565|  4,447,064| 3,932,241} 5,069,293) 7,925,675] _ 8,843,148 
Date mec sesnt 24°646,992| 21,613,135 19,450,064] 19,945,480} 27,378,483] 21,130,757 
Rice ad eee 866, 453 612,880 472,516 631,937 820,337 906,026 
Peas. a eos 8,531,320 7,516,268| 7,651,236’ 8,551,714 11,690,867) 8,427,539, 
(Husking.|  5,609;297| 4,247,867| 3,729,835' 2,953,358 ed 
Corn | Silo. ....| 3,551,308} 2,099,530! —-2,049,048| 1,897,814 6,687,773) 4,516,692 
Buckwheat ....| 1,027,364 993,459 995,031! 1,063,952|/ 1,150,191; 710,823 
Beanseer es. 1,414/988 913,575 783,886 529,500, 816,546 649,487 
Potatoes. .... 5.936,959| 6,075,748| 5,099,929] 6,194,068' 7,842,219 7,719,168) 
Mangel-wurzels.| 1,276,920 922,570 686,605 828,038] 942,356 753,186 
Carrots'......+. 572, 672 464.518 371,431 478,420 476,752 461,516 
Turnips 6.349.670}  6,169,449| 5,697,535] 6,354,164) 6,885,345) 4,825,150 
EEG ene peer iy orn 97°098,512| 37,921,575) 36,955,672| 28,498,224) 31,751,725 
Totala...... | 99,655,895, 94,055,392| 101,886,557 110,562,498) 130,886,025 112,008,387 
| 


‘The total value of field crops comprising the table amounts to $99,655,895, which, though 

greater than that of the preceeding year, falls below the average of the fourteen years. 
Potatoes and hay are the only crops showing lower total values than in 1894, and oats, 
peas, corn, buckwheat, beans, mangel wurzels, carrots and turnips also exceed their 
respective average values for the 1882-95 term. 


Crop VALUES BY County Groups, The value of field crops is given 
in the following table by county groups and for the Province for the past five years, 
together with the average for the fourteen years, 1882-95 : 


| 
1894. 1893. | 1892. 


Districts. 1895. | 159); | 1882-95. 
| | 
She laa 8 sig dans ; 8 $ 

Dake ried 2.562 dae ees 13,409,752} 12,013,990 13,268,186 - 13,040,993! 17,117,703 14, 282,615 
sakesHuron i) 2-45). 0 10,713,179} 10,128,930) 10,995,090 12,478,818; 14,368,299 11,966,856 
Georgian Bay. .......... 9,186,194 8,836,448 9,197,514| 10,163,189 11,543,525] 9,947,960 
West Midland .......... 20,567,204 19,653,430| 21,542,674 23,247,513! 29,051,689 23,716,608 
MakerOntario .205.Ateenes 18,866,763 19,105,548 20,536,270 23,503, 908| 27,355.582| 23,756,593 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa. 19,317,779 16,649,877 17,893,991| 18,988,107 21,893,436] 19,555,631 
Finsteviidland: (ih ise 6,015,770 6,093, 892 6,659,759 7,115,519 7,883,091] 7,312,474 
Northern Districts ..... 1,579, 254 1,573,277 1,793,073 2,024,446 1,652,698} 1,469,650 

The Province....... 99,655,895 APE 101,886,557 10,562,499 seeae coe 112,008,387 


Peete ete a i ee ee ee 
The Lake Ontario and East Midland groups are the only districts failing to equal their 
own figures of the preceding year, and none but the Northern Districts come up to their 
averages for the fourteen years. The West Midland District still leads in the value of 
field crops, the Lake Ontario counties coming next. 7 


Lay 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUE OF PRoDUCE PER ACRE UNDER Crop. The following table 
gives by county groups and for the Province the value per acre raised of each of the 
staple field crops ; also the total for 1894, and the average for the fourteen years, 1882 95. 
The average value of all crops raised is also given : 


if 


a iy 3 < seo te The Province, 
: S za] S a eae a 
Sch RNa A adele se 2iae as 
Crops. id bat-= alia oiet bin cto ie NESE Nercsisy loka | 

® ® ol 4 ® ha me a2 4 

a a $ Fs “4 as a # | 1895. | 1894. | 1882-95 
| eh ee Taco ees Wl. 1A 
D Coley Col MP rGal pee C2). 9D Cale, Cs!) Chl a, Chr @ \Gal aameCele eenmeee 
Mallvwhesateac taeehae.. 5. 11 64, 14 58) 17 83) 12 70) 12 87] 15 24) 13 37) 14 29) 13 20] 11 66) 16 60 
Spring wheat ........... 10 25 11 12} 11 46] 12 15) 9 87} 11 69) 8 90) 11 30] 10 82} 8 13) 12 96 
Barleye reyes. ee Pare: 11 34] 11 32} 11 71! 10 83} 9 01] 10 04) 911) 9 48 10 22) 915) 13 22 
Oatgre ree gre ak ...+. | 11 27] 11 31] 10 44] 11 24] 10 05' 9 38) 8 78] 9 06] 10 39] 9 23] 11 76 
RYyeie pa sae et, Akane 6 96] 8 60] 7 73] 7 98] 6 83} 7 65) 6 441 & 79) 7 20| 680, 914 
TEL CHE Rive AE DRS oh alt 9 36] 12 44; 11 66] 12 21; 9 57; 9 84) 8 46) 12 06] 10 66) 9 57 | 12 05 
Gann fhusking ....| 20 24) 18 67; 14 78] 17 17, 15 73} 17 29} 13 57) 11 88] 18 52! 15 89 1s 73 
ae ea Lsilow.ss.4<| 18 03). 24°12) 25. 981593 08123 09) 26.92)" 99 34 16 44) 23 69° 18 85 
Buckwheat ....... MPR 7 50} 7 44] 8 48! 7 45) 7 00) 8 48; 7 29; 8 40} 7 60] 6 84, 8 07 
DOaNs aah As Shia Meck cevas os 19 96 19 03] 19 48] 20 OL} 16 69} 18 39) 15 98 13 41] 19 45} 15 41| 19 10 
Potaboesa, ames satya s 26 94) 31 68) 35 99} 33 69] 30 89 33 15) 31 98| 33 67) 32 15) 36 33 49 24 
Mangel-wurzels.......... 36 87) 40 58) 34 71] 39 35) 35 57| 32 90) 34 54| 24 55) 37 14) 33 34 35 03 
Carrots e/a. os . . ....] 44 21) 44 55 42 06) 47 98) 42 61) 44 33) 40 26, 36 39) 44 04) 41 53 43 76 
SPUET BS oares Site seen 38 60) 39 55) 43 05} 42 11} 42 58) 42 77) 41 55) 35 55) 41 83) 41 78 41 82 
Hay recta Ae gueteye rd 8 55) 603} 671] 7 40) 7 64] 13 34) 7 43) 9 09; 8 97; 1049 13 35 
All crops | : 

SOD cele dtc tee cis cone ates 12 68] 11 78, 11 88} 12 45] 11 26) 12 78) 10 08] 10 99} 11 98]......] ....... 
LOA carly sect Ae aise Ne 11 47; 11 60) 11 65] 12 33) 11 34) 10 89) 10 22, 11 18) ..... 143i oie eae 
100; Joe ey nee ce 14 82! 14 70] 14 37] 15 83} 14 eS 13 68] 12 | TA Often dese 14 54 


The figures in the table are the result of both yield and price. Potatoes and hay are 
the only crops showing a less value per acre than in 1894, while corn, beans, mangels, 
carrots and turnips are the only ones exceeding their respective averages for the fourteen 
years. 


PER CENT. RaTIoOS OF VALUES PER AcRE,. By means of per cent. 
ratios the following table compares the values per acre of the various crops with their 
respective averages for the fourteen years, 1882-95, by county groups and for the Province : 


{ 


Laas , 
} } me : . av 

Districts. S s _ ; E : 3 z 2 E 2 

2/EIS/S/S/ 8/5/81 8/S |e 2 21 Ble 

fe Vane) | Ba Aa | Cm 6a eas [hay th nl iis een 
Diakenriets so) eee water 75| 85) 91] 95! 82) 89] 103} 100} 109} 62) 112] 116) 107} 62] 86 
fiake LLuron see sue nec ies 87| 93] 83] 93] 88] 95) 115} 100} 101 66| 111} 101} 96, 46} 80 
Georgian Bayer! one sek 101; 91) 90; 91) 7 91] 120} 111] 101} 69 103] 93 102 54) 83 
West Midland. :2.../0 753/73 74| 95) 76) 88] 88] 97} 104) 99} 101) 68; 107] 103) 98! 51) 79 
ake Ontario eee. ees oe 77| +74| 68) 83] 82} 82] 112| 87] 83] 67] 101] 92] 98] 57] 77 
St. Lawrence and Ottawa....} 95! 86; 80 86] 74] 85] 116] 100! 77] 64] 108] 111] 117] 100) 93 
Hast: Midland sue oes bees 82| 74) 73] 83) 73) 75] 113! 92) 85) 62] 104} 96] 109:| 65) 78 
Northern Districts. .... .... 86} 74} 84) 87) 79) 96) 112} 94] 67) 54} 102} 104] 108; 77] 78 
The Province. .........| 80 ie 77| 88! 79 su 108; 94} 102} 65} 106] 101/ 100 67) 82 

| | 


Taking the figures for the Province, turnips exactly reach 100, but corn, beans, mangels 
and carrots are the only crops going above that standard. Spring wheat, barley, oats, 
rye, peas and potatoes do not touch as high as 100 in any group, while corn and mangels 
go over the standard in every district. 


118 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1893 


LABOR AND WAGES. 


The spring bulletin had the following: ‘In only a few localities are farm laborers 
reported scarce. Taking the Province over there is more than a sufficiency. In most 
cases farmers report their help as being of good quality, but in a number of instances the 
statement is made, ‘ the right class is scarce.’ Several correspondents refer to the fact 
that boys are being taken on, and it is hinted that in some tases they are expected 
to do a man’s work. Wages continue to fall. The rate per month, with board, is now 
$15.75, which is 73 cents less than in 1894; without board it is $23.64 per month, a 
falling off of 84 cents. Day laborers receive 78 cents a day with board, or five cents 
less than in the preceding year ; without board they get $1.07, or four cents less than in 
1894. Servant girls on the farm are hard to get.” 


The August bulletin said : ‘ There has been a more than sufficient supply of labor- 
ers, a8 the short crops of hay and grain have required less help than usual. Rates of 
wages during harvesting vary from 50 cents to $1.25 per day, according to the quality of 
the worker and the necessity of the case; but 75 cents and $1 were the prevailing 
figures, Only a few were hired merely for the harvest months, and in such cases the 
fioures ran from $22 to $28. The ordinary monthly rate is returned as ranging from 
$12 to $20.” 

Following is the summary regarding labor and wages given in the November bulletin : 
‘‘ There have been more than enough farm laborers, except in odd localities. The general 
expression of opinion is that the rate of wages cannot rise, but must fall in sympathy 
with the low prices prevailing for all kinds of farm produce. There is a marked tendency 
to hire for shorter terms, as, apart from periods when there is a rush of work, farmers 
are endeavoring to do without hired assistance. Imported farm help is usually not up to 
the standard. It would seem from what correspondents say as if easier times and more 
sight seeing in the towns and cities, and shorter hours as school teachers, clerks, etc., had 
great influence in attracting girls from the farm, and hence the continued scarcity of 
domestic servants in rural portions of the Province.” 


Waces or Farm Lasorers: In the table following the rates of farm 
wages are given by the year and by the month, with and without board, by county 
groups and for the Province, in 1894 and 1995, together with the average for the four- 
teen years, 1882 95 ; also the monthly wages of domestic servants on the farm : 


i} ; 
Per year. Per month in working season. THementics 
; per month 
[With boara. | Without | with board. | Without beard. | With board. 
Districts. rae 
re) = N Ye) = N rie) baal N Yo) =H AN io) ~H 
lor) lor) lo @) for) for) (oa) lop) fp) lo a) for) for) lo @) for) [=P) 
ee) le 2) ica) co ce lo a) if @) ce le a) Cc CO foo) lo 6) fo a} 
_ ao - re re 7 ao re re = re - ) 4 
Soe. Sie hoe eS es Sac [. SB e.l. Pic. | obae-| S.C oe. lew Oy) 
Lake Erie ... ... 148] 153] 158] 240] 238} 249] 15 14] 15 97) 17 01] 24 74| 24 77| 25 96; 5 95] 6 30 | 
‘ Lake Huron ...... 147] 157| 161] 248] 244) 256) 15 15) 16 51] 17 49 25 60} 26 18] 27 11] 5 98] 6 07 | 
{ Georgian Bay ..... 144] 155| 157! 243) 247] 255] 15 10] 16 23] 17 31] 24 96] 25 69] 26 84) 5 72) 6 07 | 
Wert Midland..... \ 148! 156] 159 238] 245! 249] 14 80] 16 49] 17 08] 24 80, 25 65] 26 26) 6 26) 6 39 | 
Lake Ontario .... | 153' 161] 162’ 249] 253} 253] 15 53] 17 01] 17 22] 25 72] 25 54| 26 35) 6 24] 6 49 | 
St. Lawrence and, | | | | | | 
Ottawa.........| 155’ 152) 159] 250 247| 251! 15 77 16 35] 17 43 25 16, 24 82) 26 32) 5 95! 5 94 | 
East Midland ..... 154] 155} 162} 248] 253) 256) 15 43 15 93) 17 24 24 95} 25 49) 26 53) 5 89| 9) 84 
Northern Districts.| 178] 168 i 277| 265). 276| 17 hi 18 19 28 28 07| 27 73) 28 91} 6 a 6 34 | 
| 
25 61| 26 57 6 07) 6 28 | 


The Province...| 150} 156 sa 246| 247|-253) 15 38 16 oY 17 ny 25 45 
| 


Lig 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


There has been a general decline in the rates of wages paid to all classes of farm labor- 
ers, especially in the case of those boarded. Yearly hands with board have received an 
average of $150, or $6 less than in the previous year, while without board $246 has been 
paid, or $1 less than in 1894. The monthly rate during the working season has been 
$15.38 with board, which is a decrease of $1.17 compared with the preceding year, and 
$25.45 without board, which is 16 cents less than in the year before. The wages paid to 
domestic servants have fallen from $6.23 per month to $6.07. 


REMARKS OF CORRESPONDENTS. 
FROM THE JUNE BULLETIN. 


Gosfield, Essex: No more illegitimates needed from the Homes (so-called) in the old country. It is 
better to let the unfortunates remain in the Homes, unless they are far better samples and with better 
formed heads than we have seen already. 


Dunwich, Elgin: Many of the farmers have got boys brought to this country out of the crowded 
cities of the old country and employ less of the regular farm help—a questionable course. 


Malahide, Elgin: I do not think it necessary for the Government to assist any more immigrants 
until they are better trained for our work. 


Yarmouth, Elgin: We need good girls from the old country. The girls here crowd to the towns and 
cities, 


Seneca, Haldimand : The demand for farm help seems to have been fairly well supplied by the young 
men who have come to this country to learn farming. The wages they receive is not large, being from $6: 
to $8 a month, by the year. ; 


Stamford, Welland: We would rather do without domestic servants than introduce some of these 
imported English girls, as they too often are detrimental to the morals of the community. 


Bosanquet, uaambton: There is a demand for experienced farm servants who are willing to work, but 
there is a surplus of boys arriving from England. They are without experience of farming, and are often: 
a hindrance instead of a help during harvest. Is seems to me sometimes that it is cruelty to send them out 
here, as they might be useful elsewhere in some other line of business. 


Dawn, Lambton: Farmers do nearly all their own work, except in a few cases, where boys from the 
different ‘‘ Home ” institutions are employed, and in some cases abused. 


Ashfield, Huron: We should encourage the importation of farm laborers from England. 


Ashfield, Huron: I find in some instances farmers employing half-grown boys for low wages, and: 
forcing them to do men’s work. 


Howick, Huron: If more of the young men and girls, especially girls, could be induced to come out 
from the old country, they could earn as many dollars per month as they earn shillings there. 


Wawanosh E., Huron: Keep the English Home boys out of the Province, as they are a curse to the 
country as a rule. 


Brant, Beuce: A limtted numbec of farm servants from the old country wh») understood farm work 
and draining could tind employment, and of course any number of domestic servants. 


Elderslie, Bruce: It is a very general opinion that the time has arrived when a stop should be put to 


the importation of waifs from European cities. They are a poor stock to begin with, and as a rule they do- 


not improve with age. 
Ekfrid, Middlesex : Any importation of foreign labor is not desirable at vresent. 


Westminster, Middlesex: Farm pupils and boys and girls from the Homes, are being taken to fill the: 
places formerly tilled by good helpers. 


Oxford E., Oxford: It would be a great benefit to the farmers if the immigrants sent to this country 


from England were competent men as farm laborers, but a large number of them are very incompetent. 
Zorra W., Oxford: There are too many ‘‘ Orphan Home ” boys. ‘ 
Oakland, Brant: If the Government would encourage the importation of good servant girls, and do 


away with the pauper trash, it would be better all around. These English street arabs who are picked up: 


and sent out here are a curse to the country. 


Oakland, Brant: This pauper class of English lads is a curse to the country, and the sooner a stop is- 


made of making Canada a dumping ground for the refuse of England the better for us. If good, honest, 
steady German or Scotch farm hands were encouraged to come here they would be a very desirable class of 


citizens, and they would prove most:efficient help. We need more good men, but have no room for the: 


criminal classes or their offspring. 
‘Easthope N., Perth: Let all who come to this country come at their own expense, as our fathers did, 


and they will value it more highly. If they cannot, by their intelligence, industry and economy, make: 


enough to pay to bring them here, they cannot be worth, when got here, what it cost to bring them. 


120 


ee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 36). . A. 1896 


Beverly, Wentworth: Boys fourteen or fifteen years of age are now largely employed, and for most of 
the season they do as well as men. 


Albion, Peel: There are too many useless boys from the ‘‘ Homes,” 


Brock, Ontario: Let the Government encourage a better class of immigration and they will find 
employment, especially the domestics. 


Mara, Ontario: The good-for-nothing pauper and criminal classes seem to be on the increase in 
Ontario, and we cannot expect anything else so long as the Government imports this class from the slums 
of the large cities of Europe. We would be far better without this class of immigrants. They are already 
becoming a burden to the country, and have a contaminating influence upon the native born Canadians, 


Slarke, Durham: If we could keep our Canadians in Canada we would be well supplied. The young 
fry from London streets are not going to do us much good. 


Oso, Frontenac: No immigrant should have any help from the Government in bringing him here. 


Bastard, Leeds: We do not want to import the scum of European countries. With a few exceptions 
they are little better than brutes. 


Winchester, Dundas: Some young Englishmen have come amongst us and more would find work. 
Roxborough, Stormont: There is need of skilled labor, but we have enough of foreign tramps. 


Plantagenet S., Prescott: We are better without the foreign supply of immigrants, as many of them 
turn out bad, murdering and burning. In fact we are afraid to hire them. 


McNab, Renfrew: We should raise our future farm laborers and domestic servants, and not import 
the off-scourings of the old country. 


Medora, Muskoka: Barnoardo boys are kept, and save wages in some places. 


FrRoM THE NOVEMBER BULLETIN. 


Gosfield N., Essex: There is no scarcity of girls, but they seem to have a great dislike of hiring out as 
domestics. 


Harwich, Kent: Domestic servants cannot be got on a farm. Those who work out find places in town 
where work is light, amusements plentiful, and where they can make a show on the streets and capture 
some Slick Aleck who wears a boiled shirt and parts his hair,in the middle. 


Harwich, Kent: The farmer’s wife is the worst off of any class of women in one sense, for she cannot 
get help. Girls seem to think it degrading to do farm work, and the towns swallow up all the help of that 
kind available, as their work is light and amusements plentiful, or domestic service is easier. Many girls 
raised on farms are now residing in the towns and cities, engaged in sewing and such work, or in teaching 
bookkeeping or typewriting, which they consider more respectable. 


Howard, Kent : Domestic servants will always be scarce until the Canadian mistress will learn to 
treat her domestic help with more consideration. I often think I see in many cases a fair illustration of 
the beggar on horseback. 


Raleigh, Kent: Nine-tenths of the farmers are well able and willing to keep their daughters at home 
rather than have them be servants to the city dames, to be fed on the pieces left by the family. That one 
word ‘‘ servant ”’ is odious to refined girls, such as most farmers’ daughters are in this locality. 


Walsingham N., Norfolk: Domestic servants hard to find on account of girls preferring city situations. 


Wawanosh, E., Huron: As to the future supply of farm laborers and domestic servants, the sons and 
daughters of the farmers will doubtless keep the market well supplied. The ‘‘ Home boys” are more bother 
than they are worth, and have to be watched closely. 


Brant, Bruce: What we want to do is to keep the sons and daughters ot well-to-do farmers upon the 
farm by making the homes more attractive and home-like. 


Keppel, Grey: Girls are flocking to towns, and are willing to act as domestic servants. Anything 
that will remove drudgery and undue length of hours, so _.at a domestic will not have to work her life out, 
and will at the same time keep her somewhat lady-like, will be a step in the right direction. 


Gwillimbury W., Simcoe: A good class of domestic servants would be desirable, but some importa- 
tions that we have had are not calculated to imrove the moral tone of the community. 


Dorchester N., Middlesex: The only help needed here is female domestic assistance. Girls seem t9 
think that to work ina farm house is a disgrace, and they would rather suffer considerable than what they 
call ‘‘ degrade ” themselves. 


Ekfrid, Middlesex : Domestic servants will always be scarce on the farms while situations in cities 
bold out higher inducements. The only sure source for the farmers’ supply of labor is fur the sons and 
daughters in the families to take hold, rather than for them to go into professions and city life. 


McGillivray, Middlesex : Domestic servants are always in demand, the tendency being to rush to the 
cities for larger wages and gayer times. The girl of to-day appears to look upon domestic service as servile, 
if not degrading, and prefers to work in a dirty cigar or shoe factory. Something is wrong here. 


Waterloo, Waterloo: Domestic servants are scarce, and will be as Icng as women take the place of 
men in offices, clerking, etc. 


Nessagaweya, Halton: A certain class of men from some parts of the old land are not only useless but 
dangerous and unbearable, conceit and stupidity being very. prominent features in their get-up. 


12] 


39 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


Haldimand, Northumberland: The gir]s have all got above working for farmers. They want to go to 
cities, or teach school or music, and act the lady. 

Kingston, Frontenac: Female domestic servants are not so readily obtained as formerly, caused, no 
doubt, by other branches of occupation being regarded as preferable, such as in cotton, knitting and other 
factories ; also finding positions in stores and offices. . 


Osgoode, Russell: Domestic servants do not like farm work. They flock to the cities, expecting larger 
wages and better times ; but a great many of them find it a mistake. 


Pittsburg, Frontenac: Domestic servants are generally hard to get in the country. Al] want to crowd 
into the towns if possible. 


Crosby N., Leeds: The girls here are mostly all teachers or musicians. The few left run sewing 
machines, except poor Biddy. The Orphans’ Homes supply this want. 


Otonabee, Peterborough : It would appear as if girls do not like to work under a mistress. They do 
not like to hire in the country, and do not like to have to take the second table in towns, and so they choore 
to be sewing girls. 

Monck, Muskoka: To speak of ‘‘ domestics” in a farm house seems like a joke. But there are ma y 
farmers’ daughters who can and do make themselves useful in the house, or (in haying or harvesting) 111 
the field, 


122 


Sele iliosl LOSMOn 


VALUES, RENT AND FARM WAGES. 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A, 1896 


FARM VALUES-LAND, BUILDINGS AND IMPLEMENTS. 


TaBLE I. Showing by County Municipalities 
and Implements 1 


and groups of Counties the value of Farm Land, Buildings 


in Ontario in 1894 and 1895. 


Farm Lands. 


ae a 


Farm Buildings. 


Farm Implements. 


Counties. 
1895 
$ 

WISROXUN KEAN. ics Bete alee ue oie ee 16,217,416 
Kents te 2 eco eat atin 22,259,277 
TW) Pint ose. cote eens eceuenns 16,054,905 
NoriGlk: avec cis tes tae sake oat 10,947,874 
Haldimandir. (. a. ose en 8,456,748 
Welland 2 etc wists cme eories 8,769,668 
Totaled. ie vader eel cine 82,705,888 
ALAMbDLOM Mme oe see eciseiee ete 17,706,182 
Ua bo tarey thinker Wetec sian ateduire aks ASSAYS 28,093,333 
PB PICE saa setae coe oie reread sete le 19,287,432 
FPOGaL Reet ee pita he ieee ei 65,086,947 
GLOVe ek ini ci sss oe Santos Ge uisiore's 20,779,438 
STTGOOT tien Oe oe ale Meee sisters 23,336,070 
Totals sarees cee tans 44,115,508 
Middlesex cack nce oe «ee oo 30,556,631 
OXTOVG Gea co Ree eles SOMO sacs 3 20,661,472 
CANE Sens ede ee se ee 9,586,115 
Perth penser testes ccc tokens 20,057,817 
WY ellington anaemic ere cere 19,787,879 
WV aterloOrce ty toe ose sce 12,469,928 
WGieEIn coat ne vin eee 8,270,544 
Totala® Ge men eee eae 121,390,386 
Tincoli: . abe eee oe a 9,138,693 
Wentworth seas sess dm oe 12,800,935 
Pialtons tere once Sains 9,987,544 
PGE) Pye he eee coin ee Miageiate rea tre 11,810, 462 
SV Orks .etyc oat oe Weis ale rains 26,518,948 
Ontario se. soteec var soe wei ec 17,055,975 
Dura on cohecesists ees ote seeet 18,240,820 
Northumberland ............. 12,806,450 
Prince Edward .¢.......-..; 7,142,553 
Totals romeo a ss cee tee 120,502,380 
Lennox and Addington....... 7,438,971, 
HWrontenac oe. vies. osc ene oe ne 7,645,466 
Tioeds Pio ne adc okie ore chee Garlas 11,030,725 
Grenville. c4 or eent eae, tee 6,788,431 
DI WNCas Hae tow ates vegies wns 7,212,133 
Stormont foc. cve «soho st aeen es 5,702, 145 
GEN GArey ciericem st sree eee oct 6,236,217 
Preseottiwe. oats ce oe eee 6,420,004 
Rossell@sccceratcrese cc es tn 4,443,319 
Carleton: se. 0-2. oie eae 17,498,182 
Renfrew ctacceie seein eee 8,221,466 
Tianarkica\.escutes aote se atinge bees 8,858,690 
Totalkarear tee etc e ee e eet 97,495,749 

VA CEOLLS eile eremus eaten eitig aus eke 10,895, 956 
Peterborough ..............:- 9,553,772 
Haliburton’. @ on 2. .sseeee oes: 1,078,690 
Hastings oie ca cease * ore 18,408,122 
TOtala shan at co triesteg eas aes 34,936,540 
Miukolkat Giasen. umes 1,893,834 
Parry. Sound 20.02 ce nseemare - 1,710,325 
NipissiD@ ij. c0s syne eee 663,494 
Algoma .... os cece cece enneeees 2,437,421 
TOtalages ake tcere keer 6,705,074! 
The Province .......... 572,988,472 


124,512,040 


16,665,657 
22, 685,926 
16,513,177 
11,436,435 

8,793,297 

8,878,877 
84,973,369 


18,408,344 
98,552,372 
19,726,547 
66,687, 263 


21,021, 183| 
24,515,234 
45,536,417 


31,953,613 
91,142,914 

9,819,220 
20, 176,03 
20,152,724 
12,786, 102 

8,481,094 


oft ce! 
13,125,211 
9,827,567 


12, 469,485 


27,568,440; 


17,886,571 
13,760,467 
13,115,690 

7,459,541 


124,257,277 


7,690, 845 
7,758,517 
11,292,031 
7,007,764 
7,478,110 
5,614,315 
6,422,096 
6,629,929, 
4,432,723. 
17,908,222 
8,193,165 
8,671,082 
99,128,799 


10,745,158 
10,062,653 

1,153,982 
13,706,298 
35,668,091 


1,919,608 
1,730,966 

587,729 
2,244,558 
6,482,861 


| 

5,143,849 
9,233,988 
6,795,938 
21,173,775 


7,809,524 
7,830,935 
15,640,459! 


10,387,968 
7,681,475 
3,880,313 
7,119,813 
7,589,082 
5,067,707 
9,581,455 

44,277,813 


4,190,277 
5,027,809 
3,872,868 
4,572,290 
8,798,570 
6,183, 167 
4,575,937 
5,072,450 
3,116,050 

45,409,418 


3,181,072 
9,822,511 
4,068,006 
2,649,722 
2,682, 989 
2,315,438, 
2,742,442 
2,563,337 
1,214,989 
5,095,578 
3,220,424 
3, 431,882 

35,988,390 


3,350,240 
3,164,174 
317,362 
5,065,909 
11,897,685 


702,200 
539,826 
170,648 
610,703 
2,023, 382 


687,246,117| 904,148,670 


27,724,505 


5,160,938 
9,295,221 
6,742,825 
21,128,984 


7,763,315 
7,951,337 | 
15,714,652 


10,267,688 | 
7,704,804 
4,001,424 
6,983,125) 
7,403,961 
5,090,160 
2,512,920 

43,964,082 


4,176,094 
4,916,050 
3,866,676 
4,542,753 
8,854,318 
6,402,830 

- 4524,848 
5,149,987 
3,185,939 

45,619,495 


3,285,905 
2, 893,959 
4,108,854 
2,716,711 
2,733,928 
2,219,203 
2,710,764 
2,501,227 
1,229,779 
4,984,142 
3,161,424 
3,367, 153 
35,913,049 


3,429,039 
3,200,301 
333,254 
5,095,956 
12,058,550 


703,240 
523,732 
152,814 
568,463! 
1,948,249 


1,300,167 
1,625,368 
1,388,924 
1,066,809 

964,277 

821,185 
7,166,730 


1,376,214) 
2,329,553 
1,472,440 
5,478, 2u7 


2,332,785 
2,161,411 
4,494,196 | 


| 


9,347,023 
1,595,306 
759,007 
1,770,135! 
1,771,915 
1,201,752 
754,824 
10,199,962 


923,935 
1,077,103 
771,509 
980,519 
1,902,597 
1,383,346 
1,042,049 
1,244,693 
739,311 
10,065,062 


740,313 
768,192 
1,013,200| 
ae) 
727,199 
589,145 
692,917 
672,989 
432, 202 
1,494,823 
1,009,356 
865,522 
9,622,379 


961,414 
764,029 
102,641 

1,362,588 
3,190,672 


240,693 
200,974 

65,071 
220,439 
727,177 


1894. 


$ 
1,301,302 
1,576,861 
1,349, 298 
1,115,370 
971,316 
827,929 
7,142,076 


1,882,590 
2,391,814 
1,794,603 
5,569,007 


2,294,417 
2,216,336 
4,510,753 


2,403,982 
1,644,460 
817,041 
1,757,289 
1,799,428 
1,233,735 
749,540 
10,405,475 


919,376 
1,113,793 
791,899 
999,949 
1,956,849 
1,432,699 
1,969,016 
1,286,891 
757,172 
10,327,644 


778,409 
816,883 
1,015,895 
580,392 
729,548 
560,788 
702,907 
681,500 
452,654 
1,483,181 
1,003,619 
869,464 
9,655,240 


996,153 
781,603 
110,046 

1,336,962 
3,924,764 


234,510 
193,492 

59,760 
207,451 
695,213 


204,071,566 res 51,530,172 


124 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (INO. 36). A, 189¢ 


FARM VALUES-LIVE STOCK AND TOTAL PROPERTY—RENTALS. 


TaBLE II. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the values of Farm Live Stock 


and total Farm Property in Ontario in 1894 and 1895 ; also the rent per acre of leased farms as reported 
in.1895, with the average derived for the ten years, 1886-95. 


Farm Live Stock, 


Total Farm Property. 


125 


Rent per acre on land— 


Connie. " j Occupied. Cleared, 
1895. 1894. | 1895. 1894. 1895. | 1886-95.| 1895. | 1886-95. 
$ $ $ $c $c. | $e $ c. 
USSG eens oss | 2,059,842 2,222,464 24,219,054 24,866,701 2 48 2 26 3 08 3 25 
WON Ga aes kn 3,054, 232 3,255,627 32,965,982 33,565, 491 2 49 2 59 3 30 3 57 
a TY 4 Ne oe ge Ra aN 2,690,627 2,951,356] 25,557,926; 26,078,216 | 2 37 2 30 2 94 311 
OOTP OME: aera td o's nnd. 1,798,429 2,020,175] 18,110,592! 18,970,474} 1 89 1 89 Ae) 2 56 
Haldimand ........ 1,616,394 1,646,233] 14,780,217; 15,160,446| 185, 1 78 DOT VW ipeot 
2 HEEL | oe Beal 1,340,127 1,393,825| 14,535,946} 14,688,302 | 2 00 2 10 2 30 2 57 
ace apie cy stem: 12,559,651) 13,489,680} 130,170,017} 133,329,630 | 2 26 218 2 84 2 93 
TOR MABtONT : o-a0'.5 stews 2,901,302 8,103,753| 27,127,547) 28,055,625 | 1 79 1 85 2 50 278 
EMIILOIES re ae as 5,291,587 5,841,014 44,948 461 46,010,421 Hh Os 218 2 69 2°77 
PDEUCO S| aa. athe} 4,302,449 4,568, 730 32,158,259 32,832,705 1 55 1 67 2 14 2 25 
OGAl a a icicle 12,495,338; 18,513,497} 104,234,267| 106,898,751} 1 89 1 92 2 46 2 58 
| 

SoA pink te eRe PO RR ree 5,056,812, 5,607,081 35,978,559) 36,685,996| 1 34' 1 30 1 92 1 89 
SENCOG a ices cee 4,256,357 4,590,818 37,584,773} 39,273,725| 1 77 1 94 2 28 2 56 
EO Ga late eke 9,313,169} 10,197,899, 73,563,332) 75,959,721 | 1 53 17 2 09 PA ODM 
Males er c's se, 5,609,819 5,948, 223 48,901,441 50,573,506 2 a DROZ eNOS 3 26 
CXTOrd ie eee oe 3,620, 157 3,939,904! 33,558,410 34,432,082 | 2 62 2 70 ay 18) 3 45 
POEANG hia he hee nk 1,472,506 1,582,080} 15,697,941] 16,219,765) 2 56 pure Sele Shor, 
Pree ee oe es oi 3,769,107 4,080,384' 32,716,872} 32,996,871 | 2 48 ya 9) 2 92 2 94 
Wellington? 2.0... | 4,299,262 4,447,681, 33,418,138 33,803,794 | 1 94 1 98 2 58 2 57 
WBterlo0. se - cscs se 1,932,385 2,104,011; 20,671,772} 21,214,308; 2 22 2 23 2 68 2 80 
BITLOUIN A. tear sca « 1,541,180 1,627,086! 13,148,003} 13,370,640} 1 61 1 55 218 2 18 
AMOR NE Oe babee 22,244,416 23,729,369) 198,112,577| 202,610,966 | 2 32 Zool 2 88 2 97 
MEPL ANCOU Geis oe nydio'e 1,274,965 1,364,988} 15,527,870) 15,504,763 | 2 65 2:33 | Bare 2 85 
Wentworth ........ 1,836,270) 2,011,715)  20,742,117| 21,166,769 2 79 2 95 3 52 3 69 
EP SISO Me coo 6s nee 2 1,494,356 1,602,629 16,125,277; 16,088,771| 2 46 27351e Stok 3 04 
i Etaya ae 9. Ne i a 2,034,763 2,217,116 19,398,034 20,229,303 2 54 2 70 2 98 3 24 
TPES Vere Bian Agee Ge ea . 3,634,687 3,875,644) 40,854,802} 42,255,251) 3 11 3 08 3 70 aie 
USAT Lc hata ln ee tieans @ 3,078,221 3,551,352| 27,700,709} | 29,273,452] 2 53 Di i § 8210 3°34 
Durham...... eee 2,078,225 2,315,507 20,937,031 21,669,838 2 30 2 68 2 74 3 24 
Northumberland ... 2,332,249 2,521,842 21,455,842 22,074,410 | 1 88 2 03 BY 2 53 
Prince Edward..... 1,186,633 1,325,202} 12,184,547] 12,727,854] 1 80 2 05 | 218 2 51 
SANE W olla ren 18,950,369; 20,785,995] 194,927,229| 200,990,411} 250) 2 62 3 05) oval 
Lennox & Addington 1,457,785' 1,628,851 12,818,141 13,384,010 1 56 IL 1ay"¢ Dy LY Dao 
Prontenac.. os 2.202. 1,526,210 1,688,718} 12,762,379} 13,158,077] 1 34 iE 1 81 1 83 
Linea Payee os oe 2,058,723 Y,195,281| 18,170,654) 18,612,061] 1 53 1 45 pia 219 

Grenville... 3... 0.2. 1,203,497 1,288,276 11,263,171 11,593,143 ioe 2 07 
TUNIS S an oes * 1,279,436 1,340,549} 11,901,757) 12,282,185| 1 90 LAA |: 2 80 243 
PA OOTIIOLG ct. es ‘cies, oe 1,121,399 1,222,623 9,728,127 9,646,929 1 47 1 45 2 40 2 26 
Glengarry .......... 1.472,792| 1,450,794 11,144,368} 11,286,561] 135 141] 210! 230 
PrEPACOlGe yaa ly oe 1,200,462 1,245,411 10,856,7y2 11,058,067 1 57| 1 62 OAS Daan 
PRSERAGL Lice coe te oie, 886,314 895,749 6,976, 624 6,990,905 i Sey 1 28 2 38 2 24 
Marlotomsie cr wie 3,048,704 2,954,783 27,137,287 27,330,328 1 88 1 76 2 50 2 57 
PRENIOW cose) en oe 2,372,486, 2,389,800 14,823,732 14,748,008 90! S4 1 59 1 70 
AT eee sets cn ce Dal BO alee 2,242,411 15,291,347 15,150,110 91! 8D lass 1 40 
Botnide: Oyo .. 19,768,061 20,543,246 162,874,579] 165,240,334 1 43; 1 36 2 os 2 16 
GTS EOLIA de sicis ceccue us 1,877,708 2,242,055 17,085,318: 17,412,405 1 45 1.67 oes Lor 2 56 
Peterborough ...... 1,585,778! 1,771,510 15,057,753 15,816,067 1 40 eG 2 0d 2 06 
Ealiburconeea $02,349) 324,037 1,801,042 1,921,319 34} 34 1 OY, 1 38 
NTA TT: eee ee 9,915,489 | 3,035,825 22,752,108 23,175,031 1 40° 1 61 27 OAL 2 42 
PLE RIS het Ger a 6,681,324! 7,373,427 56,706, 221 58,324,832 34) Pb 44 1-2 m 2 34 
Mnsico came. rch 586,048; 611,782 3,422,775 3,469,140 ae 34 | 17G2 iE cyl 
Parry Sound ....... 543,369 508,464|* 2,994,494! 2,956, 654 39| 43% 75! 1 79 
Nipissing .......... 152,007! 145,567; ‘1,051,220 945,870 45)| 47 | 205' 257 
TROT Bie e's. dans, arsed os 664,295 648,726 3,932,863 3,669, 198 57 O28) laviian Ik egy 
Mistaly 3.06 ones 1,945,719} 1,914,539) 11,401,352 ree 44 442) 1 Toe, 10 
The Province.| 103,958,047} 111,547,652 091,089,974 954,395,507 . 1 au 1 98 2 59 2 76 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


Spi Re PANRERIE NR SP Aw A ae a ed Si I 


FARM VALUES—AVERAGE PER ACRE. 


TapLE LIL. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the average value per acre 
occupied of Farm Land, Buildings, Implements and Live Stock in Ontario for the years 1894 and,1890. 


eee eee a a a 


“4 

| 

Land. Buildings. Implements.| Live Stock. | Total property. . 

Counties. “oly | 

1895. | 1894. | 1895. | 1894. | 1895. | 1894. | 1895. | 1894. | 1895. | 1894. | 

Gi oe ae $e. B Les). Soc | Sica) oe |] 8 ic. Sure: $ c. 5 

isos aoe ee ee 37 64 3878 | 1077) 10 88|302|303|478)517| 56 21| 57 86 ; 
Kent iw tae MON ae 39 35 | 40 22 | 1063 | 1072|287|280|5 40/577 | 5827 | 59 51 
Hizin eee tC tee 36 78 | 3782 | 1242| 1206/318|309|616|676) 5854| 5973 
AT Gc Eohic ees DON ee eG 97 65 | 28 90| 108 | 1111|269|282|454)510) 45 73| 47 98 
NAR anda Ae 30 15 | 31391 1334] 13 38|344|347|576|587| 5269] 54 11 
Wallace. | Lee 38 73 | 38 80 | 15 92| 15 68 | 3 62|362|592|609| 6419] 6419 
Group eee 35 40 | 36391 11.87] 1187/3 07.|306|538!1578| 6572! 57 10 
Tambtou tcc | 96 83) 27841 779) 7 8l|208)209|4 40) 469] 4110] 42 43 
ret lean aan a ara 3517 | 3570) 1156| 1153|292|299|662|7 30) 5627] 57 52 
Braces sk We eee 99 60 | 9338! 796) 799/|208|213|504|5 41 | 37 68] 38 91 
Grau eee ee 2815 | 2894| 916! 917/2387|241/540|5 86) 1508] 46 38 
PEO aia nO a ea 1956| 1981) 735] 731/219|216|476|528| 3386, 34 56 
Sindee eee D4 ike! coo ag 1 PAS 1G aB BB: 1oo-a4-| 2030" | #4004: 774 Ba Syl eer 
Gren re 2174] 2249| 771| 7 76| 221) 223|459)503| 3625 | 37 51 
Middlcged Malta te | 4034| 4215] 1371 | 1354) 310| 317/740) 7 84| 6455) 66 70 
Octeribe ves Sue if 43 79 | 4479 | 1628) 1632) 338 | 3 48|7 67 | 834 | 7112] 72 98 
Bruni eee is ene "") 44411 45 39 | 1797 | 1850|352|378|6 62/731 | 7272) 74 98 
Pati le. ee ae 33 69 | 38 941 1373 | 13 47| 341 | 339 | 7 27 | 7 87 | 6310 | 63 67 
Wellington). 2... cee. ss 31501 3214 1203| 1181 | 282/287 |685|709, 53 20| 53 91 
Crate siacle Pt “"""l 49 74] 4173 | 16561 1661 | 393 | 403 | 6 31 | 687 | 67 54! 69 24 
Dufferin so ek ee 23261 23771 726) 704 \212|210| 433) 456| 3697| 37 47 
Groupe ee 87 31) 3825 | 1361] 1351 | 313] 319 | 6 84 | 729) 6089| 62-24 
Ties iain ae ree de 4772 | 4713| 2188] 2176, 482|479|666)711| 8108] 8079 
Wisntworth ci ee 47 01 | 48 30| 1847 | 1809|396|410|674|740| 7618) 77 89 
FERNS ee eee. ‘| 4442] 4365] 1723) 1717 | 343]352|665|712/ 71 73 | 71 46 
DESL Mes sn Ea ee AY 40 96 | 4393) 1586! 15 75 | 340/347 |706|7 68| 67 28| 7018 
Seles Wee et Ee Geet: 49 59 | 5140) 1645 | 1651! 356 | 365 |680|7 22) 7640] 78 78 
OniMHoed bine oe 3410 | 35 74| 1236] 1279|277|286|616|710| 5539] 58 49 
DeShawn ee ‘| 3576 | 3712] 1236| 1221/2 81/2 88|5 61/625 | 56 54| 58 46 
Weethumbarlandt mete 99 40 | 3092 | 1165 | 1186/|286/296|535|5 81] 4926] 50 8 
el esti ward bane. oh 3100 | 32 43 | 13531 1385 |321|329|515|-5 76| 5289) 55 33 
(rede eae 39 63 | 4075 | 1490 | 1496 | 330 | 3 39 | 6 22| 6 82| 6395] 65 92 
Lheanox and Addington’.|- 17°52 | 17°84 (097-491) 762 | 174) IAS) 5s) 8°43 >| 3, 78030 1S se 
CGT tone Ee 11.93 | 1158 | 414) 430/1183]121 |224)251} 1874| 19 55 
Théde ne 9347 | 24061 866| 8 76/216|216|438| 468] 38 67| 389 66 
Ce iia Peek pee ce 25001 9585 | 9 76| 1002|227|214)445|475] 41481 42 76 
Tpndiaee ee 30 44 | 3154 1132 | 1153 |307 1308/5 40/565 | 5023 | 51 80. 
Git nmtinh seth Lee 9279 | 9249! 9251 8 84| 235 | 223 | 4 48 | 4 87 | 38 87 | 38 43 
Cléngarty) 08 tik 9165 | 2247| 962] 9 48|241]246|511 | 507 | 3869! 39 48 
PESTA OHER RA Lake dit eae 99 39 | 9390/ 894] 875) 2351238 )418|4 36) 387 86) 38 69 
Rison ee, eal, ee we | 1768 | 1768| 483) 488|172|171|353|355| 27.76) 27 72 
Carlebone ho hoo eet 30 97 | 3164/ 902] 881 | 264] 262|5 40/5 22 | 4803) 48 29 
Pantheon Loe de. ee 378! 876) 344| 338}108|107\263/256| 15 83] 15 77 
TARO ee eee 13.201 12871 512} 500)129/129/318|333| 2279 | 22 49 
Groupes toe 1898 | 1859| 675| 674/180|181|371]385| 3054} 30 99 
Wactarin ete ee oe 18 62 | 1835| 5721 586/164|17%0|321)383| 29191! 29 74 
Peterborough .......... 1710! 1823| 566| 580/137 11 42|2 841321 | 2697 | 28 66 
Haliburton ........+.+- 192| 205 56 Bot 18 |.) dots | 67 1 8 20 eet 
Hastings ib o.404. 2. eases 1354| 1374| 512) 5 11/|138]134|294| 304 | 22 98 | 23 23 
GrsD. wise ee ae 12.96 | 139291 441 | 4°47'):1918 11 194-2 48.| 2°73") 21°03 |S 2har 
Mucins sob oe oe 357| 366! 1382| -134| 45) 45/111/116] 645) 661 
Parry Sound......... -- 337| 354| 106] 107| 39] 40/107/104) 589! 605 
Nipissing .........----- 977 | 274 71 71' 27| 98] 63] 68| 438{ 441 
Algoma’. .....st. gees] | (20951 2175 74 70| 97! 2] 80] 79} 476| 449 
Cicuplern we eee MME ore y; 96 | 95; 35! 34] 921 94] 5 42) 6 40 
The Province 9479 | 25 49] 8 83 | 8 86) 220/223 450 4 8) 40 32 | 41 42 


D9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36}, A, 1896 


ee 


VALUES—-LIVE STOCK, 


Taste CV. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties ‘the value of Horses for 1894 
and 1895, Milch Cows and other Cattle for 1895, and the total Cattle for 1894 and 1895. 


CG ra Total. 
Soumties. 
1895. 1891, Milch Cows./Other Cattle 
1895. 1894. 
$ $ $ $ $ 

«ISTE gy 8 Ae oop yk FRR A 941,065 1,066,910 401,291 270,337 | 674,628 707,796 
EY BOE hah Cle le 1,455,738 1,588,992 490,260 | 543,062 1,033,322 1,092, 269 
ALES PUNE oO ies le a OP 1,037,380 | 1,164,316 603,021 : 529, 142 1,132,163 1,231,238 
Nortolk . ip, Coney anemone 794,037 990,172 440,106 215,054 ! 655,160 668,908 
Pa ORI AMC ae oy ss Siac se 700, 566 742,630 365,810 267,786 | 633,596 622,030 
ARCO (a hl Ai ie ee 650,442 711,248 289,138 192,748 481.886 471,779 
OGAIS ah eos Ft aoe 5,579,228 6,264,298 2,592,626 2,018, 129 4,610,755 4,794,010 
IEPA COR Gin. t s/c siete etic tae 1,029,816 1,175,809 552,511 848,195 1,400,706 1,423,772 
REED ot east Maa ceca sehen ale int 1,953,640 2,233,189 1,009,684 1,539,034 2,548,718 2,753,842 
1 ETC ey Sink ae eR EY el BS: 1,501,082 1,579,827 892,214 1,161,264 2,053,478 2,203,679 
PRNQUAILE och voc teeagene eee 4,484 568 4,928,825 2,454,409 3,548,493 6,002,902 6,331,293 
Loh gl ee SIRE =e Re Reon ie 1,823,153 2,119,662 1,079,538 1,216,641 2,296,179 2,443,101 
NOLEAGOE totes eircuhers eons Sao? | 3,746,554 1,999,755 808, 123 824,586 1,632,709 1,692. 943 
LOCALS catia ao See os 3,574,707 4,119,417 | 1,887,661 2,041,227 3, 928, 888 4,136,044 
ECOL OBO Wer ccs nicl a Ras tes | 1,938,446 2,222,118 | 1,384,500 1,487,882 2,872,382 2,898, 272 
COROT Oy we cary teen 3,014 teecy bo 1,252,879 1,477,470 | 1,208,399 713,119 1,921,518 1,987,822 
1a EY 1 pede d os BN 0g re ee er 595,432 705,093 393,734 211,507 605,241 610,146 
SEED Raa mie tics sod. 2 Dit foe 1,406,563 1,610,201 | 970,174 874,133 1,&44,307 1,913,128 
WEE PID SOCOM cccsls cote Rewer on, 1,467,228 1,669, 238 997,560 1,020, 803 2,018, 363 1,963,201 
Waterloo foot tex heres ante. 774,553 911,575 470,327 353,054 823,381 871,402 
AG TISITID OM cerca hs eae. denon 603,687 673,767 312,223 341,465 653,688 670,938 
Totals §, 038,838 9,269,462 5,736,917 5,001,963 | 10,738,880 10,914,909 
RRTRLOOINTNE forte c= pda) Pek ty dem 636,893 734,485 282,150 150,019 432,169 416,964 
Wentworth ........ ..... 806,59 L 96Y, 238 470,662 270,645 - 741,307 748,105 
ELS ABOU pe eeeeieget a. Soucbeeetcane Si 573,633 665,934 376,737 322,172 698,909 699,033 
| PE ec a Pan a Se 862,719 1,011,604 466,241 379,626 845, 867 839, 668 
Pierce «cat oso Set cia 1,730,616 2,018, 294 849,700 484,495 1,334,195 1,273,238 
COUCATIO. © chine es oe 4 Sats eaca 1,249 2u8 1,515,569 670, 102 645,276 1,315,378 1,486.101 
CATs ke ogs oF x's ace does 904 608 | 1,131,094 433,640 371,233 804,873 810,621 
Northumberland. ... 1,012,793 | 1,171,796 641,020 309, 436 950, 456 986,284. 
Prince Edward .......... 611,889 770,162 309, 224 129,442 438,666 406,273 
Mptaleas fey 4 x slaed ene tt 8,388,950 9,988, 176 4,499,476 3,062,344 7,561,820 7,666,287 
Lennox & Addington ..... 582,743 680,851" 423.987 250,790 674,777 732,690: 
POU RGRAG 50,3: esses ej, sear 532,044 626,013 536, 734 236,925 773,659 824,416 
Bea Ges toe. oe sldae 626,350 714,850 912,612 | 240,959 | 1,153,571 Lage} 
EEEOTNVILO. Sictep o o10 0 o-atcan tag 410,155 447,252 493,749 139 417 633,166 659,036 
MEHIOLSG Sw ater aye 0" LP since 430,387 503,583 548,416 144,926 693,342 665,926 
BM OIPORD Pre cas « poo oor 373,651 453,914 449,441 150, 255 599,696 | 625,196 
ReetICC AT EV gee cae fag etcivtc a. 522,648 571,247 571,158 188,312 759,470 | 684,938 
PCI? Liefare oh die 9.48 winey 422.244 487,972 445,526 159,916 605,452 567,785 
ELON iho re eiteahe « sree sens 313.043 352,609 281,296 145,981 427,277 391,483 
BE EOIIE Fn iota esen's ss wists a | 1, 134,07 2 1,188,380 1,009, 824 515,723 13526.547 1,363,001 
ECE Wx stick oes oe 0 Res , i 868.531 952,176 569,980 446,617 1,016,597 969,950 
ARE ei eA tr co 65-5 nw cs a | 652,175 719,171 695,392 448,026 | 1,143,418 15139.:732 
SOLAS Raa 66 dos oaecec , 6,848,143 7,698,018 6,938, 125 3,067,847 | 10,005,972 | 9,796,874 
Re UOMIA Se tiwicog x08 > nye » 803,554 1,025,800 362,717 412,698 775,415 851,806 
Peterborough ........ 612,854 745,496 434,024 286,662 720,686 756,465 
Figliburtotie sco. s 2.405 116,544 121,024 71,763 65,080 136,813 | 160,290 
Hastings 1,070,868 | 1,233,657 | 1,039°624 373,173 | 1,412,797 | 1,357,611 
EAST LEGIM oie encase tS 2,603,820 3,125,987 1,908,128 1,137,613 3,045,741 3,116,302 
PUG rR Od sie ace Bs 220,420 262,238 130,966 125,021 | 255,987 265, 01s 
PaEPUeMOUnGog) ans Cheued es 205,093 203,670 117,830 118,175 236,005 212,235 
RM TPOBINIO Venton bonis. . Hens 70,649 74,044 30,581 27,541 58,122 49,772 
A LANNY Sore Soe os the Dw tec scans 265,038 260,479 120,020 142,925 962,945 254,842 
SUGUAIG Gra ceab sein + 765,500 790,43) 399,397 413,662 813,059 771,868 
ilesProvinoe..:.,.. 40, 283,754 ; 43,240,614 | 26,416,739 | 20,291,278 46,708,017 | 47,577,587 


( 
mw | 
~] | 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


VALUES—LIVE STOCK. 


VA Ran Bae Vie 


and Poultry for the years 1894 and 1895. 


Counties. 


Ab eT RLes 0 te Phe keleln sims 9) 0S 4h ea 0 1e) Pee ee Sheen ls 
alte pietet 8) 9610, Ore al eel ete eS (el RieveN® veliiel mile (ss) 1m 
Sig hie Svea Cle ohetmie ele lee) Oe Mea ey eel on eile is) el), 


ah ai a ela alee 6 OTS elie (0 9-0. eaten ra eta he he gah slat fel o6) id) es) 


Haldimand 
NViel avid Wari rh eter wns tenia isrohoneteds 
4 By WE ea, Sarl oe RENN Lickin GI WSes Ser Ne aoa 


Sa Pie Nas) ip) Alig 1018 (6) wie, 0 fe.'w pele, a7: [alle ‘vite 


Bruce 


Rae ae (ei Wilen sue spe wrrelle viele: ‘alee. 6! nl 20be\ isi heie eae ce SS, 


io lal wih) 18 608 foe elias She BL ee) Cue. ie Wa) siieecs 


Grey 
GD OMS ae ere gh a ns eee rernelate 
US L's PM F= iatyelen CPU IENS EE 7 denne NaS AI 


Peal wiarigt. Gay SAeLialio, es 'a\L sgh us, ae) Shai 'ewe? mult ieee. ete [66 


Oxford 


ee eT A ORCE UCR DEON MNCI S, ePCIRC ICR OF IMT) CLG YC TRE At Tae HI 
Gite okelblene ie ey sen eye le: eo} sia) oye eee) fe) (6) eye vs) velo 


Wellington 2 22.00. cessed eee eee eeee 
WiaterlOoOnn crema tere. 5 cla tees wionnlehe trae oheter= 
TUL OT IU Bi access hoe cis bere s 5 aa aera eis 

if brace Vt Weg aie Eck tee anneneaeh es AieeneA CRS Ea 


TR COLT eee eee ce eae Seeded tinea noretens 
Wentworth 


Salta: @ haliwiel ee: 'e.fa) eu Welle! oie" «aver 18: eel eels) 0/653, 


o eilel 0: 8) 6,0) le/ei le) eA el ere “ai ie\ eLlel iolhe ju) (elie) 6! 


Via ee 1 ee eet eo bipetes cece sare ates 
CVEATION Maat eee Met oe eats us lepeersne ors 
Url tare eee Mae oe care cuetege erat agers 
Northtmbertand. crm cee ee ao tera ciecmede 
Pin Gow bi CwWar see tirevs eres Mecsas bconeieaey erences 

SPO GAL oe ee oe ee idle aslerodecothts 


Lennox and Addington 
Frontenac 
Beeds 
Grenville 
Dundas 

Stormont 
COMP APT Se «kien bias tip sy cheers a pie Oo 
PPOSCOGE eee siote roe ee eoteie ede) aha sieereedes = Stars 
Bea Mt Lite biota stare ee cei dallas acto a.m pares 
Clarlaboin. chet eh es nearing seems 
Renfrew 
PTL espe eee te pare ah dsreuste eae Leo oes ays fora s 

TPO GALA Mee eters Oe arene whee at 


er ee er ee 
Seer ate 6. ble ete alert (esa 0 fe) at iiss reue teliate 
Se olin 6 [eM eee ey alee) Siem eae, apis) ahaa te sere hey @ 
oo GI 8) Pho o.oo we Op abe iee “e145 d)iy je) seliaite 


Niece cswens os (ate, ope te iiel sip) dieu sania imi gaem eine 


Bie hw OFS WE Cee sie 6) (e. @ bal Sey Ce (ache e) mamee, 


WAGEONEA cdc dere eal cea peeers eareaaaectean® He 
Peterborough. (2523... 05 6. chess eeees 
Haliburton 
Hastings 
aba gy ace peek te eee Wee eke ye sian: 


Tele 8°) feeds 61 1s 6, pile) we Lee \8) OCS 8 eyes: 


Ae el (a janie wim me c0, lm ee, yO 0/016, Ie! 8 (Onseh. a) ei elne! 


Migs oleae le ates ae eB oe ein gs cn ies 
Parry Sound. . 
IUHILSS I Se tind vn + 8% iele tie ea enyetceater evans 
AMromne cc ct se ae ce ee ete nel 2 ee 

Potal seen tach ae oe heater scene 


Sipe ete 0 0: 6) ay & se Natoma” Ono) 8. 


The Province 


e! Sila a) Je, Oe sin) wh Oye) 8/18) (BL 


Sheep. 

1895. 1894. 
$ $ 
104,094} 110,276! 
171,356] 197,524 
186,941| 235,248 
127,581} 155,589 
140,847; 145,008 
99,472; 108,324 
830,2911 951,969 
930,517, 284,651! 
433,086) 507,049 
486,027; 526,474 
1,149,630] 1,318,174 
572,311] 660,097 
425,434| 448,983 
997,745| 1,109,080 
377.517| 409,115 
107,298} 140,039 
107,304| 116,170 
929,784) 266,763 
441,186] 464,732 
144,633] 144,555 
185,133} 187,491 
1,542,805 1,678,865) 
99,142; 105,032, 
132,451| 140,678. 
102,866} 111,986) 
112,654} 145,661 
930,041! 249,546 
219,501] 257,586 
162,745) 179,633 
133,852] 153,308 
47,635 53,431 
1,240,887| 1,396,861 
94,281| , 101,552 
106,999} 126,185 
97,544| 125,622 
55,701 62,758 
44,165 50,872 
53,735 58,714 
80,652 91,510 
60.446 68,417 
62,281 68,513 
170,495] 184,782 
959,750' 257,394 
923,100| 230,418 
1,308,149] 1,426,687 
145,709} 198,369 
109,113] 127,572! 
28,981 32,234 
139,030] 166,069 
422,833! 519,244 
| 
67,824 63,961 
63,070 55,259 
7, 282 6,876 
77,926 79,695| 
216,102) 205,791 
| 7,708,442 B.B05 071 


Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value of Sheep, Hogs 


Hogs. Poultry. 
1895. | 1894, 1895. 1894. 
by $ $ $ 
281,183} 276,206 58,872 61,246 
335,144| 318,121 58,672, 58,731 
283,653| 268,972 50,490, 51,582 
181,101) 169,125 40,550, 36,381 
105,273} 101,853 36,112, 34,712 
72,654 61,982 35,673 40,492 
1,259,008] 1,196,259] 280,369] 283,144 
181,916; 161,802 58,317 57,719 
263,650) 251,534 92,493 95,400 
195,384, 191,054 66,528 67,696 
640,900} 604,390] 217,338] 220,815 
278,480| 294,180 81,689 90,041 
360,435) 349,821 91,225 99,316 
638,915) 644,001) 172,914) 189,357 
308,224] 302,627} 113,250) 116,091 
281,366] 277,920 57,096 56,653 
13x,072| 123,503 26,407 27,168 
219,424) 219,101 69,029 71,191 
989,838| 272,999 82,697 77,511 
149,627, 133,076 40,191 43,403 
111,079, 110,006 37,593 34,884 
1,497,630, 1,439,232} 426,263} 426,901 
73,102 74,590 33,659 33,917 
112,830| 113,718 43,091 39,976 
87,912 90,680 31,036 34,996 
162,111] 160,492 51,412 59,691 
255,386, 246,964 84,449 87,602 
924,423, 229,766 69,711; 69,330 
149,226} 132,665 56,773 61,494 
175,918 156,985 59,200; 63,469 
63,920 70,157 24,523 95,179 
1,304,858] 1,269,017 453,804 465,654 
79,618 86,802 26,366] 26,956 
84,288 82,318} 29,120 29,786 
146,420) 142,570 34,828 39,518 
75,092 84,096) 34,383 35,134 
79,565 84,312 31,977 35,856 
67,730 59,704 26,587 25,095 
79,576 75,520 30,416 27,579 
83,682 90,861; 28,538 30,376 
61,111 58,292, 22,602 24,852 
149,266] 148,159 69,324 70,511 
178,820] 164,530 48,788 45,750 
98,8691 104,728 38,691 48, 362 
1,184,137| 1,181,892 421,660, 439,775 
111,996] 126,242, 41,034 44,838 
99,221| 101,227 43,904 39,750 
15,590 15,749 4,391 4,810 
236,416] 222,613 56,378 5d ,665- 
463,223] 465,831] 145,707; 145,063 
| 
25,557 97 627 12,969; > 12.937" 
29,824 28,157 9,377, 9,143 
12,258 ViAT9 3,696 3,756 
44.901 41,737 12,485 11,973 
112540! 108,640 38,518 37,809 
7,101,211 6,909, 262 2,156,623, 2,208,518 


128 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


——d 


VALUES OF LIVE STOCK SOLD IN YEAR. 


Tasik VI. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value of Live Stock sold or 
killed for the years ending June 30th, 1894 and 1895. 


| Total. 


Counties. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Hogs, | Poultry. 
1895. 1894. 
$ $ > $ ‘ $ $ 
ESSO% aici deca aes oe S55 ee 70,400 174,022 28,601 344,070 23, 129 640,202 733, 463 
TRh waters Sates ad wales 105,032 383,366 59,459 442,403 23 619] 1,013,939; 1,057,284 
LG eat pate 469s) <-> So - _ 66,850 392,596 | 79,916 428,366; 25,982 993,710) 1,008,010 
OEE RN mae Gates suis! ois 35,056 136,061; 47,948 267,401 19,515 505,98 L 541,000 
Pais Iman bee ye . o cu Ssh. aes 39,530 126,437 | 46,822 173,050 16,330 402,169 422,771 
WEN EEN Sa 2D Se 28,820 112,297 | 36,526 102,322; 18,482 298,447 352,198 
PALAIS Fist save Hac sie 05h < 345,748) 1,324,779 299,272| 1,757,612! 127,057| 38,884,468! 4,114,726 
MURTOOGON MSS Aas Sas ae-s:k sive 78,812 572,634 82,371 231,555 21,307 986,679 973,169 
PL athe cise dixie n ve « Bia. Ait 179,985} 1,053,192 149,475 445,396 s5r104 1,863,152} 2,116,166 
LS RMMMA BEN St), tect, Stote ts 12s ig = mee 107,848 849, 437 143,348 301,303 22,813' 1,424,749) 1,594,729 
NOGALES: crccc augecie's Ha stake 366,645 2,476, 263 375,194 978,254 7 9,224 4,274,580| 4,684,064 
| 
DA iy aie et UE PRE Tie ae oe 130,152 753,095) 158,985 425,594 27,021} 1,494,847] 1,676,774 
RSL ICUSClaN. «satin aoc CG oe 136,488 419,184; 117,702 407,925 33,534! 1,114,833! 1,218,527 
PLB GIDI. onioea abet id cab hard She 266,610) 1,172,279! 276,687 833,519 60,555) 2,609,680| 2,895,401 
| 

IME eX coat) cre sercice hi cs 113,582} 1,005,831 129,239 438,011 55,400 1,742,063! 1,993,944 
Ox iardiank © idndvedeus tact sits 89,034 566,278 52,735 448,997 23,763| 1,180,807! 1,332,023 
Dranbesa tek Usk sys 29,444) 183,200 34,795 196,757 11,815 456,011 492,265 
Ore iieth t Deeiy dpe. bec sie gat 88, 256 590,507 77,750 347,071 20,685| 1,124,270] 1,288,551 
WY GUN DLO a <coie ay tisgs 3a. 101,140 872,386 159,128 501,232 SL 013 1,664,904! 1,750,424 
IW ALETIOO © Gerla get aia cisio-viters 40,810 553,765 50,582 247,443 14,654 907,254 969,845 
DADETIN Gor sb eee Saye 3 ; 45,976 210,589 38,754 147,447 15,761 458,527 499,330 
BOGAIE Some owes ons Bere 2s 3,982,556 542,983) 2,326,958 173,097| 7,533,836} 8,326,382 

DET DUTOR hotel! eRe eae (8h 28,602 121,817 36,984 107,717 18,186 312,406 305,703 
Wentworth )..6.c. s @-0.5. 47,002 184,885 50,5991 185,073 18, 459 486,018! 512,228 
1S it 2 OE Ge ae ee 21,224) 177,770 38,180| 139,405 15,708 392,287 439,630 
Lo) a) CE Oe ae ee a 74,370) 291,004 51,184 243,344 26,720 686,622 680,686 
Maier tate doo oh ence weiss chs 108,697; 413,670 80,730 431,647 41,404} 1,076,148) 1,215,053 
Gar aan dc avtgieh Gat 105,903 486,098 77,834 $29,104) - 31,369} 1,030,308) 1,134,011 
PERSE ks. 6.6% os ah. sae 75,924 289,567 51,297 221,786 23,698 662,272 692,149 
Northumberland.......... 71,880 212,831 38, 131 239, 950 24,013! 56,805 625,871 
Prince Edward ...... ... 24,900 58,149 20,104 98,830 8,011 909,994| 216,329 
PLAS GALME Atari vase Chews, och 558,502) 2,235,791 444,143) 1,996,856 207,568| 5,442,860, 5,871,660 
Lenrox and Addington .., 38,676 101,464 ol,001 19,883 8,760 290,380 334,516 
HNrontenacs .fao% fica 27,956 112,444 45,130 106,309 14,430 306,269 343,859 
ST oGRRR ye etal phy. dope Wald 4h: 31,825 128,170 30.945 169,506 13,960 374, 406 409,056 
CRO VEN. Geeks vars oes og eee 24,013 68,575 23,842 96,890) 12,691 226,01 1 216,598 
NOTA GD eed cl! Aide aint): 19,215 47,688 17,166 98,317 8,686 191,072 236,418 
ES BOLEDIOTL G85 a olie 3) Poop areas 19.400 65,495 15,019 68,809 5,610 174,333 186,572 
GIGHOAETY Us. opiseie <eelp dat 33,275 94,894 21,480 97,204 8,870 255,723 256,913 
| ice 4 Re ee ne ree 29,323 65,452 20,293 95,661 10,949 211,678 195, 266 
A VieBOLAES ei otis b tes Rae 25,276) 60,565 18,642 64,638 ' 8,810 177,931 168,722 
RINE CIR Ps rei nari whos ot 66,424 242,102 55,0L0 216,217 30,927 610,680 636,754 
ERPUREEGME oooh sp gore: iytie cits 42,000 185,691 2,214 173,602 15,154 468,661 498 232 
rr A i eee eee 35,310, 211,228 59,510 148,227 13,127 467,402 501,732 
TE ed ae 392,693 1,383,768) 390,848, 1,435,263, 151,974 3,754,546| 3,983,668 
SEARS ns 2 3,2 Drees aie Ses 41,305 197,162 36,530 165,034° 10,787! 450,818 521,411 
Peterborough, 4.2.2.2. 4. 36, 234 127,872 29,702 149,931! 19,432 363,17] 438,085 
ERS aMbON pees aie is gee sets 5,888 26,966 5,730 16,535) 1,039 56,158 60,954 
ME AGUNARER EAE gd) be acclaim Sess 43,840 163, 166 33,929 275,501 17,097 533,533 Dot 2 
te A ee ee ee 127,267 515,166 105,891 607,001 cen 1,403,680| 1,615,822 
GeO “pale news cares st 17,019 36,041 17,522 33,899 4,527' 129,008 141,552 
Parry Sound.......... ... 9,747 49,066 11,917 33,024 2,879] 106,633] 119,403 
Mines Boia en sete. ace 7,811 11,754! 2,690 11,385 1,478 35,118 33,097 
PAS a eae ee 16,077 65,664 17,465 53,896 3,620 156,722 149,811 
BOR LAS vas 6 iiake scas iy! doh cra 182,525 49,594 182,204 12,504 27,481 443, 866 
The Province ...... Asay 13,272,127| 2,484,612) 10,067,667 860,334} 29,301,131 | 31,935,589 


Q BI, (1—3) 129 


29 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36. A. 1896 . 


VALUES-LIVE STOCK PER HEAD. 


TabLE VII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value per head of the 
several classes of Horses and Cattle in the Province for the year 1895, and also the value per head of 
all Horses and Cattle sold for the same period. 


Horses. | Cattle. 

wy oo . mn q 0 3 . Fo} 
aye So gs 2 S Ce ae Stee . O o ‘= 
ee 22/38) 2 | 8 lees) 22] sf | o2 | sB | aze 
$2136 aS ooo alate las hae. is ie ow Ss 5 
= mS 5 & On mS ° “= O 39 rey ©) | eel ae) 

Saas eo oO | nm ia Ee = A 5 6 
$ $ $ $ $ $ $c. | D C. $ ¢ 3 ¢ 
ERBOX Shes, IRIS ee gE 64 62 40 | 233 1 64 40 30 25 | 2192] 1173 | 285 85 
Mente: Sy ee eehe erie 72 77 BS e295 1 Sb 40 30 00; 2740; 1813] 383 75 
Elgin ieee er eae . 68 69 45 209 | 70 50 30 OL | 29 39 12 29 | 34 a9 
Norialkte si. errata as doen 63 57 45 300 56 38 27 29 19 90 oh Beat 22 36 
Haldimand erties ano) 64 62 46 300 aS) 45 28 45 22 40 | 11 &7 | 24 69 
Wellands 2.8.7 Ma é 71 60 46 200 | 55 | 46 3104} 2451), 1273] 26 75 
Group * bone 67 67 45 258 | 68 | 42 29 43 | 25 45 | 11 90 | 29 50 
Lanibton er: iectemssceay. 2 64 60 48 20s ueo incere 30 21 | 3042] 1302, 30 98 
Buran es ek oe oe 71 74 45 Osta Cle eGo ol 95 | 29 98 |} 13 27 | 36 87 
Brace ee erie g ark (Gl (pi! 43 26) ) GLE iis 2 29°82.) 27 11 | 11. 86 [35 87 
Group. sanoeiineie see sie 69 70 44 278 66 56 30 75 29 09 12 71 35 00 
Greve tnd oy vane em, Pate 66 68 43 369 | 66 45 28 97 | 23 80] 1068] 30 90 
SIM CEEN ie, MeL iwi eo. 68 69 44 300 66 45 29 11 21 31 11 54 26 24 
ASTON GA eto seta: 67 68 48 342 | 66 45 29 03 | 22 74 | #1102] 29 05 
| 
Middiesexc . Ee Or take. pols, 66 65 47 400 RG br es 508 35 45 | $3295 | 1674), 35 18 
CTO RC ese te: eee 67 65 45 419}. 7k 50 33 36 | 28 44 | 1365 | 35 49 
Brant tha te ei teal eae 62 G7 | 40 BOO ee OSs oe. ak | 34 73 | 24 03 11 64} 32 92 
Porth Were, she Oe eae eee 67 75 46 L Sore hae roe 31 61 | 2692; 11921] 35 02 
Wellingtons Aeewte: 22 62 67 42 230 65 38 34 98 25 50 14 03 41 56 
Wiaterloows.)yese eee dese es 62 62 43 367 | 55 55 33 48 | 32 OL 12 78 |. 41 74 
Duiteria® eee eae 61 64 39 400 | 56 48 28°07 | 22°64>1 610 V1 SiG? 
(TEOUPMeN art cee ie: 64 67 44 336 | 63 44 | 33 55 | 28 37 13 62 | 36 91 
AICO Ea Scones coer 69 61 48 200 | 63 50 32 90 | 2490! 1260] 29 96 
Wentiworthyiets oe. ene 70 “| 69 | * 52 {250 | -7h |. 60 | 82 02 (28.96 1 1215 4'bo7 a8 
Eraléonee a aed) Oe ee 68 63 49 200 56 60 34 02 32 58 13 66 36 25 
Reel ictnieis ihe ee, eae 66 76 47 4s) 91s Pa EOL oi cael 35 09 | 2503 | 17 81); 38 00 
ENOF K Weta has wig eres Beoe, eee 72 76 46 184 73 70 | 35 81 | 2624] 1480] 34 85 
Ontario i ge.4 ea at tee 64 70 43 300 | 63 52 35 06 | 25 42 |] 14501] 35 84 
Dietary. chee Ne 62 | 62 | 42. | 400 | 76 | 40 | 3028] 2310] 11 24] 3142 
Northumberland .......... 61 64 39 270 60 50 Basil 20 65 10 51 27 30 
Prince Edward’) 4.42.2". 64 62 42 215 4-060 50 20° 34°) 18 921" 510° 798) Solas 
Group Peta eect ake 66 69 45 257 67 55 32 23 24 86 Sh AAU 32 65 
Lennox and Addington .... 6L 50 41 316 | 66 33 22 87 |. 20°30) 11. 84 | "20°56 
Frontenac 9.024. inva ee0 6L 60 42 841 58 50 26 25 19 80 9 98 23 29 
Leeds eet Saree Wee 60 45 40 200 OLR eee 27 67 Dal hiss 8 90 23 44 
Grenville iF. oc eee 63 50 33 150 eal Vamos 25 68 19 52 10 OT A247 
JUDAS OS, sce peeks ate 59 52 42 216" aso k 40 21073 22220 1 TOTO te so lee 
Storinont see eo a 5Y 65 37 150 ON Rr eae 26.58 20 72 11 65 23 50 
ulengarry ........ ents 58 €6 35 LOOP TsOiy ela aie 26 23 20 82 E409 22 46 
iPrescottmes «2 ek ee 60 62 492 150 OO Pal. were 26 07 19 88 |: 10 33 Dey WA 
nigeollcvn Sacer era tees 72 we 43 217 aL 50 |; 2689 | 1959} 12-82 | 94°59 
(Sarletome tye wee ct 2 ee 74 89 48 231 | 76 50 31 91 20 98 | 12°08: |" 277385 
FRGDEreWere See Re a Eee CL 74 42 | 210 60 40 25 39 20 38 10 66 23 77 
Magar kis 5: en Fe Bee 63 64 42 Lifes) 119) 35 28 41 22 58 1l 47 28 13 
Group ea eer ee 64 67 4] 213 62 40 27 13 2. 32 10 95 24 22 
Victoriate, seit ee 64 | 58 42 393 55 52 27 56 21 84 11 46 29 48 
Peterborough? si.7)..0. 24! 62' | 56 40 150 | ‘61 38 26 37 | 1890 | 1032; 23°83 
Hahbutton 225 fiers eee 64 71 33 140 | 46 33 2a Ola ule ee 8 46 | 17 87 
Hastings ........ See ahh : 69 58 43 1330) B64 ys 24 74 | 18 66 9745751 121s G4 
Grovip yeu tye ores | 66 59 41 199 59 38 25 56 19 84 10 23 24 41 
Muskoka 2208 ye cert chee 19 75 45 256 61 43 26 92 20 28 9 29 23 10 
Parry ‘Sound .i.....<7.-0.- 79 83 42 1625), 207 40 28 76 | 21 86 | 1047] 23 83 
Nipissivigse Seta sees 87 96 27 2005 Se 45 | 2858 | 20 06 918 | 23 65 
Algoma eA, 88 94 43 247 | 69 55 28 36 | 2206! 11151! 25 70 
(STO Detainee, ore wee 83 86 42 229 | 64 46 28 00 | 2125) 10241! 24 29 
| 

‘Phe. Province Son eee. oe 66 63 | 44 | 265 | 65 45 29. 74) | 26.86 | 12eta le oh 4d 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUES—-LIVE STOCK PER HEAD. 


TsaBLEe VIII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value per head of Sheep, 
Hogs and Poultry in-the Province for the year 1895, and also the value of each per head sold for the 
same period, 


Sheep. Hogs : Poultry. 
= Py | 

. Lage ‘ “ : a a ; 

ae Pea Meese sae ao Was sar oe eed late |r 

B® omy nom) 5 Lom) 3 oO eo = Solos 
| > ie wr) Loa) > PP i) 3 a) Ss @ re) a > 

a) =) 2) fo) =) | 2) H lO <7) 

$c $c. $ c. Sic. Le Kc $c. c. c. c. c. 

ee ee AVAte aD edulis) Soutt a 8°62: | be8/S9lumeG) 46 it bS) [o O6 Gt 2b uel us 
Kent 466] 278) 387) 11 eRe ho Zip yypon Moen oad Oder ar a ae Ve Wiper he eh aay 
Blgnyae Wee is... shat 64 40015 pogo) 9307401 18,02:) 8 96°11 8.50"). 54 | 49 | 20 | 33 
Norfolk wanes yore IA SUG reeds 621s eS GO} 11°00 4:15 | 896) 681 54° 1 219 | 8b 
BY latina eke a le ek 4a ee ee BeOS T1162 4.09) B52 ee Tah 60's | Bt 83 
Wollandeuis. 5.0 4 49 Ve S94 © 3'56.4 12/70 | }-4:29.|" 830") 70 | 64 | 24 | 34 
Groups! Lose td 380072 76 | BrvOulm 107.79 | 4888.15 8 S0nr.. 60) | 64.) eb lm on 
Lambtonie arse vans. PesGo A878 eS O7aic J 1s91e| 4,03 |e 68- |) 68.1 63 | 31, |). 29 
Hicroen Se aGen wits ea _ 4 86 3 03 Seyoe pe loo 3 90 8 44| 61 51 19 37 
BiCe ee echo cena | ~ 5 06 2 97 3 62 12 02 3 96 | 8 36 | 63 51 | 20 35 
Groupid <a | 489) 295) 366) 1188] 396) 8 De G2 able he a0 ae 
Proyicie Siete: | 445| 274| 396] 1149| 411] 858| 6o | 52 | 21 | 22 
Simeon. ate sudan. tke 460| 272| 347| 1143] 406| 806|-66 | 58 , 23 | 36 
Group esi acces A Sith? 73) (99°38 4111211. 46 | 408 |. 882) 68 | 55 | 22 | 34 
Middlesex ......... .... Sate es Roeiee rai 1Gs\e12'99. |) ed 14-17 8.22) 68 | 58 | 22 | 40 
Oxford. f6. tLe. 7. ay Oe nD OF) ends OT eT Scos, lane 24) 1h S21 en OO male DBs Coca. 
Prandy estes ohes Seconte 8 Thelen 6401) 1961) (0.4 86. (8519 G21. 57 | Aba 36 
Portie wae Ai ss. AGH a OD bares Ode 11°95 | 44 43 | 849-1 679.1) 49 71: 20 2t32 
Wellington ............ 5 42 | S191 94169) 19-99 | 4 04 (7 8 23°) 272") - BG 1 289 ards 
Waterloo . ............ Ae76 ens 36,16 4.07.) 18 20.) 4121 S834 7h 66 8) 22 ue nao 
Diatterin tte ro. a. ABD ita 2071 9] 3.708 Ord: | 2 8147 |. 78) OD) | (DS ah ceonn ama 
Group teats o Gilgen O190 7 eed O7R IID Dat, 4s t4il 6 8,24 |66" |, BG ah 225; pe 58 

| 
Lincoln ..... et wil AES he SIS i STS Las S8 Le A O02 4enl Ze7d, WLS Ol TO Vt) pede BO 
Wentworth =; asserts 5 22 yb 3 93 1B) Te 4 02 8 22 (ee 62 20 | 33 
Pislfane dic. Gc onne Be DOs iS 100d 2Sel 1388 385 [8°72 861 76) B91 24 aad 
alee ey eet eee Ait T Hom, 60 I B.95.\) 14-81 8.59.) 2 8.38.16 68. (58 | 28 38 
BY deren iN sect ks PQOuiews Ooms G27 1191910 ( 98. 22) lay S. 2571 70, 4 60 4), e2ke ha 42 
Avera Whe” eo 6h 525 We WOT) eS oGe 1287), 3 86 [..°8'00'1..65 01 68). | 22 Ala S5 
Mota aie ee ate. WLOT arp Soyer a HO eas le 406 19) SMS 62 bad 22 es 
Northumberland ...... 4 70 2 60 37299) 912.58 4 36 C023 59 22 36 
Prince Edward ..... ties 4 3 55 2 40 Sulyepe daca 4 38 8 76] 61 50 21 30 
STE Lee 256 OLS ie se88 S200. S.98al-. 8-28.11 69°) GO +223 10388 
Lennox and Addington..| 4 11 AT Aan (teoleacs p's WA ee BA 402| 1028) 67 53 23 31 
Prontonaeese. Noe O157 eh OBO re Bula Ta toeiP 4s 75. 11 L828 59s |) 620) 2k ST 
Losdt ess, cit al Ate S7Gsim so SO tee elie) PP 1a nd 05 19510 82it 64} 55%. | 205) 240 
Cran villen des been. $88 | 262): 389.1 10-98 | 891 | 1017] 63 |..52 | 22> 39 
Dundas Yet ers 09 le bt Po seoG re tL Od) vedas ci) 9.0L: te 7 le: Ble vb galt Ab BF 
Storniont yb .i ee esaes ADA. 6 19098 as 16 fh B Ab 1210 Oly. 62° |) 60° \) 234 e392 
ATIONWAITY ware e what were: 4 10 2 59 2 99 | 10 91 398 | 1109 | 66 58 23 26 
Terencotts go macigt dor eee: 3 80 2 52 3.01 |} 13 03 SAV 7 el one aslo 7 24 38 
Pusselle Ale ce tlk AE AGr bn) FO © 3 82410. 12, OF0) oe 4-92 1.12 10;) 67. 71] 200s hea 
Rarletony 2 aiane et. saste AZO Ane 2: BL 3 39 | 18 03 Ate ek 81s 678 57 25 44 
Renfrew sets... ieacek 395}; 246] 288 | 11gorl 406) 1119-1, 70 |> 58 | 24. | 44 
Tanaris iy oles) ee 2-00) 0) 2 7401 +9 97.4 12 87-1 8 01! .10.97,1 - 66° |" 65° | 22 4 48 
RSTO Pi ee pire nsec 4 04 2 60 3°18") 11.96 | 405 | 1086) 66 58 23 37 
VIGLOPIAt GH Wh aso esta eed 444; 252 316] 10 28 3 05 8 66 | 67 50 2t 30 
Peterborough .......... A155 eb GO lee 3 Gc O77 8 72 | 879| 63 | 56 | 22 | 43 
Haliburton. ........... 3.01) (0.9 o [ee sb10 4b eh 8 16) 7 68 | be | SLY Poker egy 
Hastings .............. 366] 285} $241 12491. 417) 866) 66 | 55 1 23 |. 35 
Crone tua al: 414| 246] 330] 1125; 368| 866| 65 | 54 |. 22 | 36 
RMiusicokatidy ch ks Ack 4,990) 9991263476.) 11274) 1-8 78.| 67 .90.| 74 | 74,| 26 ae 85 
Parry Sound). 1.4.../..; 4 97 rar) Shook tbl lao k 3 86 8 00 | 80 61 22 32 
Nipissing ...... wh A As 3 85 2 32 4 99 | 10 00 425] 1035] 68 52 27 42 
Algoms 20a) faust. : DEAS DSh | Se 4veeaTiealh 3.49.1, 9.69170 1.70 eco Ae S1 
Group....... ‘ AeA nos G4h ee S690hy 11 S71 ie Siz) 8 Wiel 78) ly P| ake, 84 
The Province .....| 462] 285] 364] 1187] 398] 868] 65 | 56 | 33-.| 36 
i 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


MARKET 


TABLE IX. Showing the average price of Agricultural Products at the leading markets of 


| | 
i 
4 
; . 
} 
| } 


. . . . 
Bierce lie | a lig a eg] ¢ | = 
Products. af eet Se PP se ih tes | cE | 3 £ @| & 2 
a ie = = rey i hoes eles o |}; = g wm] os ac} =e 
aio} s&h fee Sted Bet eae Se es aaa 
aa aa a A: | oO] | & ie: ee hs _ = =) 
cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts.| cts.| cts.| cts. | ets. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts 
FatL WuHkatT: por bush. | | 
PANT atl hee cane Rete ON ta 80.0) 84.7; 88.5 78.8) 88.2/75.4170.0] 81.3] 80.8} 83.8] 79.5] 88.8 81.0 76.5 
PAU UGE MY coach an hee e 66.5) 77.0).. ..| 69.5! 78.9|67.9\63 8! 71.4] 72.5] 71.4 74.8 75.01 69.1 74.6 
September. ... ..... 53.9, 62.5 69.5) 58.1] 71.056.11/53.3] 61.0} 58.6] 60.1 62.4] 62.1 57.9) 58.5 
WGlOOET sage Panwtee oe 62.8) 62 3' 65.0, 63.2} 67.1161.3'58.0 40.0, 64.5) 63.1| 67.3] 62.8 61.1] 59.5 
IWOCEMDEEN es Mose, 67.3) 63.4 67.0 70.2) 69.3}. 65.0) 64.0) 65.0) 67.9) 68.6) 67.8) 67.1) 64.4 
Decemberine wt. acs os seth 65.8 al 64.5) 71,9].. oc 64.0) 65.0 64.9, 68.5; 62.3) 61.9) 648 
i 1895 | 66.0} 69.8 68.9) 67 .4 74.8166.4 61.9; 67.1] 68.1] 68.7) 69.0! 70.0 66.7 66.2 
verage.--- 1894 | 53.4] 52.8) 52.5! 52.3] 63.0'51.5 50.5 51.3) 54.1} 53.1] 59.41 57.7] 54.4] 58.1 
i] 
SPRING WHEAT: per bush | | | 
gO TR a eee meets 84.7|| 83.5, 79.50) 91.6175.11.-..1..... 72.0, 83.9] 82.5] 88.8] 81.0) 76.5 
Avice eee io kepc|en 73: Bib a OO) a Seal apenas | fins g 65.0] 74.0] 77.3] 75.5] 70.1| 74.6 
September......... dad ie seat tate 61.0) 60.5] 59.3). 75 8'53.5]....1..... 56.1) 59.0) 63.9] 61.3] 57.9} 58.8 
IAC LODGE me te Sienna tiers ce 61.3) 64,0} 63.8) 72.5)60.5]....]..... 55.1] 61.5) 68.8] 61.3] 61.1) 59.3 
NOVEmDErNo re a artat eeek 63.4) 66.6) 70.5! 72 5|....1.... | Oa Oe won nee 67.3] 67.0] 64.3 
Decentbormnt. musiek aici: 65.8] 62.8 64.4 CDG) Be enon na, | pa we Ihe 63.0} 63.0] 65.5 
Averase NAL SOO glee | 68.6] 68.6] 68.4] 78 3167.2]....]..... 60.3| 68.9! 71.4 69.8 67.0) 66.2 
Boor es (1891 | 538.4) 53.1 . 52.5) 65.0/19.8]....! 54.0] 52.11 53.5) 61.9 56.0’ 55.11 52.8 
Baruey: per bush. | | 
Oty ete. ke eee tne 42.5} 46 4! 48.0 49.4 50.9 40.7 ats 42.8] 44.1] 46.6 45.8 47.5) 42.5 
ATS USER eles cae fee 35.8] 47.5}..... | 45101 50,0 S400 ow |. cece 43.7| 45 2| 41.0 43.9] 43.8 40.0 
September......... .. 36.0) 41.5)..... 13810) 46.0 32°01 tee. 42.4] 39.1] 39.6' 36.0 36.4] 36.3 
OGiODeYonukiiae. aauertids e 30),8|..36.8| 34.5, 3772..4126 8379), do) 40.1; 39.3) 39.1] 33.4, 34.7] 34.3 
November . tiers OLE OMIOA Ol ODLOT BT LOND AGU Cem tae eee 40.5] 39.0) 35.5) 33.0 33.8, 33.5 
December 042.00... 32.5| 36.7 ast Be SihcowO ee ent hes eee 39.8} 39 0 35.5 oe) 33 5 36.4 
Average: ....j 18957] 30;0)°41 1)°39.3. 41-2) 44 paper | 41,8 nie 40°35) 3729, 39.2°304 
| 1894 | 38.0 41.9] 40.3 38.6) 42.0/388 0! . | 37.5 41.7] 42.0 41.1] 36.2 40.8' 366 
Oats: per bush. - | | | | | | 
PUA is oe. edhe militia wR a atau 33.5 38.9] 37.0 38.8] 41.6/30.7|30.0) 34.5] 35.3] 39.8 37.2 34 5! 3§.2) 31.5 
PAM PTS i ae. cee es 2810) 86. Ol 2 e2" 31.8} 41.0/26.6/25.9} 31.1] 33.1] 33.0 30.1' 306 30.7) 30.9 
September”. 2.2 ik. fe | 21.0) 26.6) 24.0] 25.3, 35.3/91.9!21.0. 24.5) 25.6 28.4 (23:1. 26.0} 25.7) Does 
Oetoper: sats . | 22,0) 25.1) 24.5) 25.41 31.6 21.0/21.0 24 0) 24.5 26.4 24.8' 24.0! 24.7| 25:9 
November............ 22.8) 25.3) 25.1) 26.6; 30.0)... |20.5| 25.0) 25.3| 27,0 25.8 24.8| 24.6] 29.5 
Desamber i: 22300 uk 2130), 27..5) 2.5 26 be St.0l. ae 24.3] 25 2 26 9 24.3 23.8 23.6). 22:5 
| | 
A orang f 1895 | 25.0; 30.5} 27.8 io 85 4/25.8/23.8) 27.4 28.71 30.7| 27.7 aN 28.3) 26.0 
es" | 1894} 30.6] 29.9) 28.3 ba 35.4/28 2126.5 28.3 30.5: 33.2] 29.8] 28.9] 31.2) 97.6 
Rye: per bush. | | | | 
PUI ee aie Ge ees Oe 45 01-5050 BO; Oi 9: B)eeah aes. [oan 47.5} 48.0, 50.0 40.0] 51.6. 
‘August iat 8 oe. 45.0; 50.0 ..... 51s |g. Diet gee eee 47.5) 48.0) 46.9] 40.0} 56.9). 
September ........... 38.3 45.0 ...., 43 .OD62 2) i sete Deletes 47.5! 50.0) 45.5] 40.0] 56 2)..... 
Odttuer ao eg 41 ea (le 43,453. 8142064) clk 47.5] 50.0] 44.3] 38.5] 50.8]... 
November ..........; 42.1} 44.0)..... 43/9 WoUL Dla tin ete 43.8, 50.0] 43.5) 38.0] 49.9)..... 
December ............ 41.8] 44.0]..... 43.3. 50.0). 7 eae | 42.5| 50.0] 43.5] 36.0' 41.0] 42.5 
Averace f 1895 | 42.2! 45,8)..... 46.8) 54.9/42.5 aera dae 46,2 49.3) 45.5 aa 52.0] 42.5 
Bera \ 1894 | 39.5); 40.4]..... 42.6} 50.0)... Ha OG sas ASV ates 43.0, 40.0, 51.5) 39.0 
Pras: per bush. | | | 
Nba) a2 las erent ae at . | 57.6) 48.7] 61.0] 60.1) 61.0/73.8]. 54.0 61.6] 63.1' 59.2 57.5 66.8] 56.5 
DANIO TISGY «ata. ee casi oe 50.0). 49..51..... 55.2} 60.0/48.8). 52.4| 61.2) 60.4 58.3] 57.0] 64.4) 56.3 
September ........... 46.5} 51.8) 49.0] 50.4! 60.0'49.21. | 49.5) 53.5) 51.8 52.5] 54.4 na.) 48.8 
OCTO DERE ccc ation eee 48.7; 50.9) 49.0] 47.9! 58.8/45.8]....! 48.5; 49.3] 50.1° 51.2] 55.0] 51.1! 48.5 
November... 00. 82.04. 51 0) 53.6] 49.9} 49.8) 55.01....}. | 50.0 49.8] 50.0 52.0] 55.0! 50.2 50.3 
December ss... e 25.0. 50.5" 52°5' 48.51 48.8147 .5)... | Siu 52.0, 50.0 52.0, 55.0] 50.0) 49.5 
ora (1885+) 51.0). 50-7) 52,0152 °5 57.0'56.6 | 50.8| 55.2 54.9 54.3) 55.7) 57.4) 51.5 
6°---- | 1894 | 52.5] 52.2] 51.8! 50.4] 57.5 51.1 51.8! 55.0| 54.3] 54.5) 58.1] 52.6] 50.3 
132 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 36). A, 1896 


PRICES. 


Ontario for July-December, 1895, and the average for the half year and the Province. 


- 4 S| Se | a 
s %, 5S od a | -4 a ; sg f ~ P a 
58 Bed pa £ SE g Gs Pure 3 & g rovince. 
PimclBotmalecie yin cles toe setae Bal Selo Bo 2 los 
SEL Og eee ita 21 | 8. (ot | RO Su ee cel a ee | cach se 
Po - 2 | bg Ae S 3 43 43 a= 5 cS) | S | 1895. 11894. 
5 ° ay ae Bay Megs ae | a DD DM oD M eit & S S > 
ets.| cts. | cts. | cts ets cts. | cts (dete: cts cts. | cts. | cts aay cts cts cts. cts cts 
85.3] 79.3] 98.5; 90.0) 83.7] 90.0) 80.9] 79.3) 75.8] 82.5 | 80.0) 82.9.97.5] 80.5) 87.5] 85.0 82.5) 58.3 
80.9] 69.41 94.8) 90.0] 73.6] 82 5] 70.3] 71.4] 66.8] 69.3] 69.0] 75.7|....| 74.0) 83.3] 85.0 73.8] 55.8 
65.8] 63.3] 83.3] 90.0, 63.3] 60.8] 52.1| 58.3] 57.1] 58.0) 58.3) 62.9]... | 69-9 60.0| 80.0 61.5} 53.5 
63.1; 63.3) 75.0] 88.3] 61.9 59.0) £8.5| 62.3) 61.2) 63 2 | 61.6 67.6 62.5] 60.0, 60.0) 63.5 63.6) 52.1 
GZ.5| 66.3) 73.8] 81.7] 67.4 64.0] 64.7|..... | 66.3] 66.5 | 66.5| 72.5'66.0) 65.0. 62.0] 67.8 67.6] 53.6 
70.0| 71 ° 70.0! 70.0) 65.9..... 60.6} 60.6| 64.0! 62.0 69.5/66.0] 63.0...... 67.0 65.4) 57.1 
| | 
71.2] 68.3, 81.7) 84.5] 69.6 72.0) 64.3) 67.7] 65.0) 67.0) 66.2) 71.8/75.9 67.11 bya) 74.4| 69.3 
58.7 >| a 60.0..66.9) 59.4/....! 52.8] 51.6! 51.2 a 56 .6/52.9 aa 53.61 56.0!..... 55.0 
$5.81 80.71 95.1 90.07184.91°87.5)....5' 9010! eae lecuc. fence. 96 .0|97.5| 80.0/100.0!..... 84.2) 58.5 
7s 0h 02-40, 91 8p, 90 OTS 16,7805) 25. yee. (Pe nan aes oos| re cw shee se teas 70.0) -83\3)..... 74.6| 56.7 
68.8| 62.8] 83.3, $0.0] 63.5] 60 O].....|..... | eo ay) Vie: eae. Ay: | 60.0 57.0} be ba | 62.8].54.2 
62.5) 61.6] 75.0 81.7| 62.1) 57.5,..... GSE) et oe | BUR er Ieee 61.01 60.0] 57.0!..... 62.8] 52 7 
GIB GIG WTOr se TO. DOT es OSs oie. yak Uris tastes WOR igh nquble ee: 623116510)... br 66.4| 53.7 
70.0} 65.5) 70.0 70.0} 65.9|.....]. | | Beans va an 6310 lst el oceans 65.1] 56. 
70.7| 66.7 30.71 82.5| 69.8' 69.9|....: aotoey. Were. ne, 96.0|73.8. 65.7] 77.8|..... | 69.8|..... 
57.5| 57.3] 62 s 60 0} 57.3! 60.2]..... | 5219] . BILD. oe. 60.5/52.3) 52.5] 53.6...) 55.5 
ba Rare re ee a, 
_...4| 46.7] 85.0, 45.0) 41.5} 47.5]..... 52.5| 50.0 50.0} 42.5) 48.5142.5| 49.3] 47.5! 50.0] 45.9] 40.7 
50.5) 45.0] 85.0. 45.0] 38.8) 47.5]..... 56.0| 50 0! 45.0] 42.5 ed __.| 50.0! 47.5! 50.0] 44.5] 40 6 
47.5| 43.8] 35.0, 45.0, 38.3) 47.5 52'S (43,3! 0... 3500) 4008) 5.201 B725l.  w. | 50.0} 40.2] 40.3 
43.5] 34.9| 35.0, 38.3] 36.3] 41.5]..... 49,2! 36.5] 33.3] 33.5! 37.8 30.0, 35.5]..... 43.8| 87.4| 40.8 
rages 4 34.1] 37.0, 38.3] 36.0] 40.0).....1.....| 34.5) 34.5 | 34.3) 39.9 30.0) 35.0, 35.0] 35.9; 35.9, 40.2 
Ne 37.5 a of SUG tue enter tate R4t OT BOP ao 38.8 30.0| 35.0'.....| 34.5 a0, 40:8 
| 
47.2) 40.1] 36.0, 42.0 38.2) 45.3!..... 51.4) 42.0] 39.1| 36.1 42.1184.2] 40.6] 44:5] 43.7] 40.4;..... 
46.3. ei 35.0. 49.0 Gy Lee leone 45.6, 47.5| 44.3] 38.7) 42.4/37.2] 39.4) 36 i 38.5] <..-. 40.5 
ue, 37.81 44.5] 35.0] 25.7' 39.0 32.3 41.7) 37.3] 38.5) 32 9 38.8 36.0} 35.9] 36.5] 37.5) 36.8) 87.1 
38.9] 36.3| 42.7| 34.21 35.7! 39.0 33.1: 35.0 32.2] 85.0| 28.9 34.4'....| 34.8] 36.5] 37.5] 33.4 33.2 
29.8] 29.0] 32.5| 26.7] 31.41 26.9) 23.8 28.9 25.3] 23.5! 23.5) 29.8!'....| 27.5} 27.5] 34.1f 26.5 29.1 
28.4| 25.3! 26.5) 25.0) 26.6] 26.6] 23.1 23,5] 23.3] 23.0| 22 8} 28 223.3 25.5) 27.5] 24.5) 25.4, 28.3 
99.0, 25.8) 26.5] 25.0] 25.6) 26.5] 23.5°...:. 22 8| 24.0} 23.0) 28.424.5 25.0] 24.0) 24.1] 25.3, 28.3 
29 8' 26.5] 25.51 27.5) 25.0'..... 96.4",..55 21.3 24 0| 23.0] 27.5 24.5) 25.0]..... 940 25.1! 28.8 
| | 
33.5) 29.8] 32.4] 29.2] 30.8] 32.3] 27.1] 32 al 27.6| 27.5 | 25.7] 31.2 28.2] 29.1] 31.6 ul 95°31 ee 
35.5! 30.7| 34.1] 29.6] 30.2] 33.3]..... 34.1| 28 7) 32.4) 29.5] 32.8 28.8! 31.1] 28.9] 30.6...... 30.8 
I 2:. 40.0, 42.0) 40.0) 38.0 46.5].....].....] 53 O/ 60.0!..... pial BO Olen ec ta Tete 
Sones 40.0: 44.2] 40.0] 88.8] AG J5l...0.1.....1....-] 51.7 teeeefeeees[eee 5020)... ott a7 OT ae, 
gost 40.0 48.5] 40.0) 34.5] 51.8).....].....1..---] 40.0] ...fe-2-sbenes| cesses efeeees 45.6|..... 
wk) 4001-744 9) 19873) 10381 Bl Bo ee} oe cd ALB 0) 47 4B OP ced. os PE) ae 
Sa. | AD WHO S188 SIMS ISL He. DA) SM ASO So. 2] 40 52 46.0). eo lee ae MARES 
oe Hon 20 0d On 402d) Ok ceed ee, tod Oy ye oe 46,0 46 00h... asl casa) ngs be doe odors 
segs | 40.0] 43.1) 89.5| 39.61 49.4]... /4....2] 68.0) 46.2)|.... 2.) 45°9/46.0)....)°950/0).....) 45 6... 
ices POs 0ed8 110, Ou s0. 8.0158 (0 ee lee eet ONO) AIAG. a8 |550.0) acs, jessie, 89.8) 0.0, Eee nat ee 
| | | | | | | | 
| | 
76.3) 59.5] 57 5| 55.0] 60.7] 62.5)..... 58.5) 60.0, 60.0] 58.0] 64.3)/59.0, 61.1 60.0, 65.0) 60.7) 56.3 
67.01 57.5! 55.8] 53.3] 61.5] 62.5]..... 67.1] 60.0) 55.0 | 53.0) 63.1)....| 60.0] 60.0, 65.0 58.9) 55.4 
61.6] 50.8, 52.5} 50.0] 57.3} 60.9]..... 61.3] 57.5 48 5 | 49.0) 54.3 ' 50.0] 60.0 65.0] 53.8 53.8 
58.1! 50.1| 50.1} 50 0} 55.7] 56 ) RN 51.4| 47.5 46.2| 47.9] 52.61/47.8' 48.4] 60.0] 65.0) 51 4] 52.1 
53.3; 50 0| 48.5] 50.0) 55.5) 56.0!.....]..... 48.8] 46 0] 50.0] 58.8'49.3! 50.0]..... 59.41 51.9] 51.7 
55.0 or ae oan Ob nhl ose it Jove oo 45.5 | 50.8] 54 es BO: Olney oe ie 50.6] 52.3 
62.2) 53.0, 52.0| 51.7; 58.2) 60.0)..... 56.8] 53.5 10.9 51.3] 57.9 v2.4 58.31 40.01 61.6. 54.8)ec2%. 
63 0. 51.3' 47.4] 50.8! 55.4 55.9}.-.... 52.7| 51.1 49.7| 51.9| 59.4 31.3! 53.0] 53.3] 56.2 .... | 53.6 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


MARKET 


ee a 


TaBLE IX. Showing the average price 


; 
‘ 
os ; 
| : 
. a rS © : s ‘ = . 
ps 3 le = g a , a : A ick / 
Products. es vb Ce gh e tach estes Bat eae, =| 4 = = =| § 3 L 
ee os) Bolte) fe PB oleae s 60 | ers a | aT el oie 
a et BS e hor eS et tre fl ore al mera) ae 01 amet pee eee j 
aa) mQ ai) Q ai) Bp ie| a) id ae aoe el 4 ° } 
cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. Icts. | ets. | cts cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. cts. 
Corn: (in aa per bush. | 
Oetober . Bd eed palm CA ied D 94 DCOFRB GIG Glee e Meinl Coe 94.8] 26.3...... 95.00 eee : 
Novembertin. ue sa cee ee a 23 JOUER 1B: OL eh. cee, ites 1 eee at ed 23° 8 ice 4 
Wecem bers iA he. MEE ol ae, Pee 21 Sig 24? 6) hs LB St ee ee tte eee eer 93 oo eee 
Ae afemet NM tLbOO| Ae 20] Mia | SiN 23 299409066115. 2) ae eee 94°81 O63 24 Sch ee ; 
s Bort \ RGA) ere me 30500" mo 24.0 27:5) 20.8122.7)...:.1..... 30.141, 9G 7 huts 95 OC Ba . 
BucKWHEAT : per bush. | | | 
October? oh aoe se CRC MA MPR RC GES) MET RN Pili iw trap ook 36.5 32.5) 3328) Fee 
November........... Sti4i5845r SSO Sb eos | o sr laneaty) ete ea enamel 37.6) 31.4/ 34.8'..... | 
Decomberse ya. 30.5] 34.0]..... 34.9) SG einer 0 he | eon eae 33.3, 31.0 80.1!..... 
| { 
1895) 3271086 815.05. WBS, GSO OR SSE OL bach. coe Ci a aineemens 35.8] ol, 7 oa 0lstaee . 
Average....) ig94' The ok 37.6 a ela rake oh eas ae 37.2] 35.5 35.41...) | 
: | 
BEANS: per bush. | . 
Datoberc th cn aki ten secs oats jana 122.5) sored onteG Os Uplae seit od lnc ces tenet ian ee hee eee Ta.0 eee 
November ...... Aad) Nigam ten, BATE oS 1O2) bie RP Bd ie | oekys bans. ee eee 670) ras | 
December’: homes #1) pier mes Nee Nhe LOD SB so Cee ee nee NE eg, “eed | Boe Lea 65.0 | 
us | 
FL SO5 pean eal ee ee ae ta pre 197 Hioe oe O51) Pee tee les |e eee ce 68.0) sean 
Average..-.4 i994| 0" || is a Tighsl. oe 100;0 eee ele oe etn Sane B75 a | 
PoraTors: per bush. | | 
Oetobert:te awe.) 13.0) 28.0} 18.5} 26.4) 32.1] 24.0135.0) 27.5] 19.6’ 22.7] 23.8] 19.4' 17.8} 12.2 | 
November............ 10/0| (26:81 18-4\.91..6|293 1) 30.0; 17.5] 18.3] 15.8) 21.8] 17.5| 16.8] 9.3 
Wecembercrk est 9.8] 26.7) 16 id 91812935 ieee 35.0) 17.5] 22.3] 20.4] 20.8] 17.5! 16.81 8.8 ; 
Age cued HOOD alieanad 17.8, 24.1] 26.3] 24.0/33.6| 20.8! 19.8} 20.6! 22.7] 18.2] 17.3] 10.2 | 
B°-++-) 1894] 24.0] 36.9] 32.6! 42.4] 40.0] 36.5135.7| 38.3] 29.4’ 39.0] 24.6] 31.0] 38.5] 95 2 
| 
WOOL: per pound. | | oe 
SETUY ees eae ee ae 18.5) 17.4] 16.0, 17.0] 20.0} 21.9). 20.3) 20.2| 19.6] 19.0} 21.6] 19.0 
Aa ctistae Pree eth AS Bl S80 ww 17.9 20.0 Vlog leh Gee) 20.4} 20.3] 19.9] 19.0] 21.6) 19.0 
September .......... 18.5) 19.0] 16.0] 17.0} 20.0] 28.5)....|..... 20.4) 20.6] 20.5] 19.0) 21.4] 20.5 
October ait pues 22.0| 19.6] 16.0] 17.0) 20.0|,22.0).:..\..... 20.5, 20.5} 20.5] 19.0! 22.0] 21.0 
November ........... 22.0] 19.0] 16.0|..... AUC) Releases ae tanta) te 20 5 oe 18.5! 19.0] 22.5] 21.0 
December ............ 21.3] 19.0 ee Lee 20.0] .0... Ae ee he 20.5 18.0] 19.0. 22.5] 21.0 
Averace....| 1895|s20,2| 18.6) 16.0) 17.2) 2010) 22.8). oe 20.4] 20.4) 20.0! 19.0) 21.8] 20.3 
: 8 "| 1894 16.0] 16.6] 14.0. 17.5] 19.0] 17.3 18) S217. Feu dole ae 16 3] 16.0 
HAy: per ton. $ej/ Fel Fal Foal Seal FSelGeal ¥elPGel Sel Pel $e. gees 
ily er ee ae ee 11 40] 8 86/14 00/13 06/11 00],8 56)7 5012 1311 63/14 09/11 60| 8 00/11 75 11 00 
npuRtens. 2 ieee 9.00 9),60 7a 12 72/11 00] 8 61/7 50/11 5011 53/14 89/11 38) 8 20/12 06 12 50 
September..;...00... 10 00, 12 3014 00,13 63)11 00) 9 17/7 50/12 00 14 34/15 28113 38! 9 38/12 75 10 50 
October ...... ar wae 11 00 14 00 14 00/13 33/11 00] 9 50/7 50113 50 14 18,15 28/11 90 10 75 13 08)12 60 
November ........... 11 75/15 0014 00,14 50/11 00)..... 7 50/13 50 14 56/15 75/1) 1311 0013 38113 88 
December ............ fe 75|15 67 14 00/14 75/11 0 wee 8 50/13 ee 69'17 60113 ath 00 18 ERC 50 
es 1895,10 92/12 26/14 00 13 48/11 00] 8 887 71|12 64/13 35 15 29'12 02! 9 66/12 58 12 18 
eet Asi 1894) 6 85, 7 38| 7 08) 7 25} 9 00] 6 32'5 98! 6 75] 8 03, 8 ay 7 80 TAA ends ce 
| 


134 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 
PRICES. —Continued. 
of Agricultural Products, etc.— Continued. 
so) 4, 3 g 5 | c : The 
5 © 5 g * e 3 : = : S | Province. 
bo Bopes a Sony ese arecemet ieS: | osalcniors?|: hs [is 
SP esieg beac eeg ey an ebpedig ot pete st etal emer ears oe ee amo 
CORSA SEES aed eee aire | Pond OG eae lied woh 1c Oe (rian OOM 
etre oe RAINS. lun eee ee blser | ecko El, eile | 1895 
S/S [a ay al ai a] a] a) a) a) Sle) el By BP 
cts.! cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cte. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts.| cts. | cts. | cts. | cts. | cts 
SK Shipp bo aeged poe NOP ire Dahl eT eA EW boa Bota i ac | aka eA) ee i 24.1| 26.5 
eaten: | Sel hi al Ss BiG eee TIES NIG DP eat inchs oat ds dent Seeley Clee Ini nooks 
ABU Peg baler ie FAN | Mate Sennen TSR LOL! ce een (owen tae eeeelee esa beets a DOG Lioness 
Don eee eer tes Late ak, 2.0 23.2 21.9] 17.4|..... | A 2M (eed ok hl ee ae 29. Glin css 
Ce) Lynas ee | oa Bb Bhecnc at toe Mate 28a poked ess 2 Pe See Md A oa 5, Olea vies 26.1 
| 
| 
! | 
40.0] 55.0]..... 36, ON S602. 40:5 (yan | te hel cone Seiad te aes | AANO TAO CP cus bas: boseee 38 0 41.2 
40.5! 55.0]..... 34, O95 DILSS.C) aries Weta hence 32.0)..... HEY Motte ne 35 Ol ae 36.9 39.5 
40.0} 55.0]..... RE) etal A, < cae ik OPS Canes meen ila mega | eae ge nen Peet 35.4 87.4 
| 
40.2) 55.0]..... | 34.2] 35.0] 43.7 os SUE ae 38,9. S75Bi arn 85. 0\yece. 36°81 hue 
49.7| 38.6 .| 35.8] 39.3] 48.8 i ee A SHLSica: POR A eels ton B65 (uae oh 39.2 
: | 
eat, LIOR tae CoP ironiRic ee! leenidt an woe Ol male ccPe wc tebe | serOLL1280 
“eerd GE SEA Ee acl f yer na ve eg ieis|| ober oh meg aPC ee LC eg Dn A) 
ered omen! 5h gts) bets Bhai rd U8 ch a ie SO UH eR hae RC ho rhea OS BL Gritty 
yey Pope LV Sea Pc gi Allee aa far ard ie gee eine tg ee it __.,. {109.6 Bee Aion Ponies, Romer at eee mya 
PEON eit ys ANCA Po eal RS INT es ho ve Pe | ea ee ae ales eh ine 
22.6, 22.4] 30.5] 20.5] 23.8] 21.4] 16.0, 20.0] 25.4] 15.4) 21.4 18.0193.5 me JT Olsersee 21.9) 37.8 
23.0} 22.5] 24.4] 21.3] 21.8] 18.5] 15 7|..... 18.3 | 11.8| 18.8] 16.6/23.3| 20.0 13.5! 16.5] 18.9] 34.2 
23.5) 17 5; a 29 GlalGxSin4e PSRs iebathehh 1SFe ts S18 S16. 52a bili ecs. | 20.0] 19.0, 34.1 
| 
22.9 20.8 26.2 21.6] 21.9| 206 15.0) 20.0) 20.9] 13.6 19.6) 17.1/23.4, 19.5, 18.0) 18.8] 20.2)..... 
35.3] 26.8 et 29.5| 35.0, 36 2..... | 81.5 46.5] 25 3) 46.5] 35.2/33.8 en 8851057, Glee oo 35.4 
| ae 
| 
18.8] 20.0 18.0] 19.5 ad 19: OPED NTO. seete res, ATA PO ad a] a Maen aa 19.6) 16.8 
18.4] 20.0] 18.7| 19.5] 21.2; 19 0} 21.5) 19.4/.....|..... ASROMOO CBee beet ants tiene: | 20.0| 16.7 
18.8} 20.0] 20.0) 20.0, 91.610.1970| 32 19) ee eR Tes Opole lotta lense | 20.1| 16.9 
18.9] 20.0] 20.0) 20.0) 21.7| 19.0 | 1G ALO ee. ASTOR 2G iT Olseer eters [enti 20.2) 17.0 
acta Oe Oma stot me ost alee etc | SS LTA Ol eed ila tte sd, 20,0) 1b o> 
yee SILO O10. Ue al bi ee (Penis |. codes [earns 22 OT ares Byte tee O04 GAS 
1272 20-0) 19.8)°19.7)-21,4) 19.0) 21% 19.4) cy. lens POLO O22 he eee barges O01) a: ae 
18.3, 16.7| 18.1} 16.5 tr Wcespe VARA ps ee eee | 16.5 oe he 15 Se | ee 16 9 
$c! $oeal$eal Bel} $el Gal $e $c. 8c. | $o| $c $ c./$ c.] $ «| $ «| $c.) $ «| Bc. 
8 25]17 67| 8 25, 8 00 12 39] 9 25] 8 00/11 88 12 83/13 00,11 13/13 vee 13 63) 7 50/11 25] 11 23] 7 47 
8 00/13 13] 8 53 9 00/12 22/11 00| 7 63}12 05/12 00 la 0011 90/14 18) 15 50, 7 50/12 00, 11 43] 7 26 
9 06/13 50| 8 67 9 00/12 94/11 38] 8 94/13 38 12 40 |12 00/14 75/16 22)....|15 60 10 50,12 25! 12 81| 7 54 
9 28|17 63| 9 05] 8 83/13 91/11 30, 9 40/12 90.12 40 \12 30/14 00/16 18]... ./15 50 10 50/13 13| 12 75| 7 62 
11 17|18 00! 9 88} 9 33/11 75/11 vi 9 BO| mae: 112 75 12 50/14 50,18 03]....|15 50] ....!18 50) 13 31] 7 88 
12 00|17 oe 88/11 0013 13]..... 10 38]..... 12 60 {13 00)12 5016 69]....'15 50...... 13 50| 13 40) 7 66 
! | | 
9 27/16 08] 9 25] 9 23/12 79,10 80] 8 97/12 54/12 501 48 13 1215 93 lt 21] 8 70112 64| 12 30!..... 
6 82:18 02| 6 70] 6 54 7 91] 7 G4 GL 8S wee ma 6 96 8 3517 31! 8 23! 7 29/10 0O|...... | 7 56 
| 
135 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36,. 


—* 


VALUES-FALL AND SPRING WHEAT. 


TABLE X. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value at market prices of the 
total crops of Fall and Spring Wheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average 
for the fourteen years, 1882-95. 


Counties. 


eS 


> ele, @ hele <6) 0°06) @¥eleh io fae a) el ene 


J ok (ah Oe eae 
INRIT fol scan eet Gato 
Haldimand. 
Welland 


eee ee eee ec oene 


‘ee eesecovre ete 


© lata eiie teow 6) el | stele ee a '¢ 


Lambton 
Huron 
Bruce 


eeeaes 
ee eee ee ees ese eee os 


MeO! ere e Mie ee dle a) site) & 


Orca i Ad ae Spy ier <ceaie a venee 
SSTINIGOE) Se a cares 
DOU LS AeCeAs Pa. bi eae 
MN Tdlewe OT. Ghltrads gat 
Oxford 
a Ge ee eee eee 
Perthss 0.3 )a- see eon ce 
Wellington soe ou 
Waterloo..... 
Dufferin . 


eee eee C@ #6 


cece ore 


a) ete (Ga) Suis) relieiiec ta) bial a) @ 


io ie! Teves Gyraire ce se! Je. 6, 6 1b) 0) in) on 


F011.) Walia! Lega) wel Joh /Siie., omega. 0\ lanren, i 
PP Jeers “suepisind hoe /#, fie 
eoec een eae 


IDurhaiveee ee eee ee 


Pathe: 6' nen: tytn a eae ee 


Lennox and Addington . 
Frontenac ......... 
Leeds | 


sesee 


© [#8 810) 0) e’ 8) @ 8) /5 = @ 


I TORCOLE Woe kicce eel ote oe: 
WL fa oa PR can UD i ele Ae Dine 
Carleton 
Renfrew 
Lanark 


Ce ee 
ereee ry se ee seo ereoe 


Se ee 


VICtCYICN,y + 4 eeu ee 
Peterborough. .. 
Haliburton Ae cicee 
PIAS PS! gine cea : 

(Potalsstre ae soe 


Muskoka occges hier: 
Ally SOUNC ee Gae ed: 
Nipissing 


i 


9 @ 6 ee 8 wo ee Fe 8 


Fall Wheat. 


346,300 
169,942 
2,302,709 


_ 547,581 


673,397 
356,978 
Lies 


246,992. 
863,710 
UE 110, 702' 


934,107 | 
408,671 
180,908 
523,611) 
145,697, 
359,407 | 
68,660 
2,621,061 


194,576 
301,425 
276,463 
269 567 | 
392,587 (| 
116, 765, 
80, 281) 
146,951) 
46,058 
1,827,673. 


| 

35 ), 619, 
9,395. 
20, 937 | 
388 
4,564! 
3,410 
1,077 
407, 


172, 557 
2,187, mS 


360, 486 
564, 278 
_ 330, 876 


203,083: 
580, 523 
783, 47 


624,350) 
511,379 
365,132 
430, 604 
156, 423| 
451,461 
55, 985 
2,595,344 


185,769) 


338,269 
294,061 
317,264 
389,459 
96,304 
67,247 
161,516 
54,346 

1,904,236 


46,408 
5, 7 ay, 


or’ "55 


117,819 


38,450 
84,983 
928 
105,800 
230, 161 


148 
1,276: 

264 
6,148 
7,836 


9,081,658 


1882-95. 


3, 505, 581 


593,414 
1,040,438 

700,544 
2,334,396 


404,995 
939,094 
1,344,089 


1,224,940 
677,618 
453,110 
715,105 
360,062 
669,622 
138,314 

4,238,771 


314,897). 


462,146 
350,815 
425,368 
632,157 
156,162 

71,236 
202,283 


* 39,690 
21,980 
65,536 
14 005 

7,379 
6,123 
677 
2,488 
15,052 
11,860 
43,693 
228,433 | 


106.902 
146,077 

1,707: 
152,583 
407,269 


742 
739 

69 

Oo, 8,496 | 
10,046, 


14,742,708 | 


—“ 


136 


Spring Wheat. 
1895. 1894, 1882-95. 
$ $ $ 

2,664 2,239 17,460 
8,361 2,412 39,327 
931 3,084 16,043 
172 61 8,152 
3,364 5,364 31,671 
793 2,246 11,720 
17,285 15,406 124,373 
10,251 4,228 62,542 
99,555 21,778 162,921 
47,689 39,004 142,791 
87,495 65,010 368,254 
121,076| 80,227 398,981 
142,284 117,667 396,674 
263,360 197,894 795,655 
6,584 6,726 95,429 
9,948 4,035 94,076 
735 [01 te eee 12,1238 
35,178) 19,566 132,512 
173,814 121,145 261,609 
5,405 5,767 50,979 
147,323 88,870 243,022 
378 987 246,059 889,750 
4,999 863 21,088 
3,041 482, 0,092 
5,971 6,308 46,214 
50,454 34,769) 178,712 
132,392 76,523 332,586 
199,218 165,917 594,869 
106, 252, 79,570 491,057 
91,381 72,662 278 383 
14,253 13,398 61,781 
607,961 450,492) 1,964,706 
33,607 31,729 62 200 
51,307 41,455 101,714 

41,943 37,416 
19,682} 16,503 cao 
30,095 22,133 63,898 
21,240 16,727 59,513 
46,492 35,358 98,060 
47,225 27,401 100,614 
9,620 11,796 49,743 
119,424 118,349 305,805 
236,499! 176,462 339,585 
103,617 87,308 176,492 
760,651 622,637| 1,508,285 
116,584 112,456 367,610 
80,439 68,249 262, 860 

7,245 5,258 14,57 
60,126 45,969 159,767 
264,394 231,932 804,816 
4,519 5,579 14,772 
2.952 3,672 15,620 
5,148) 3.386) 1,754 
31,083 27,092 87,977 
43,702, 39,729 120,123 
2,423,835 1,869,159|- 6,570,962 


39 Victoria. 


HACE ICE NL 


Sessional Papers (No. 36\, 


VALUES—-BARLEY AND OATS. 


Showing by County Mun‘cipalities and groups of Counties the value at market prices of 


A. 1896 


the total crops of Barley and Oats in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for 
the fourteen years, 1882-95. 


Counties. 


Oxford 


Perth 
Wellington 


Dufferin 


MA ROOLN Hecate: del hoe te is 


Wentworth.. 
Halton 


Prince Edward 
‘Lotals 


Lennox and Addington . 
Frontenac 
Leeds 


OS UES gp ag LTS PN 
PPescOtt ea tiraa. was cys 


Forsell ince. . 
Carleton 
Renfrew 
Lanark 


WVATCEONI Deis pee tRe 2.2 oR 


Peterborough 
Haliburton 
Hastings 


Muskoka 
Parry Sound 


CC ee  Y 


ee ee ee ee a) 


mais) s «| oes 0 8) 016 joie jo 


ee 


or ee eee we ee es tee ee 


WV aterloosinn fess. se he 


eee ee 


Onei.o) owns een en oe 
= 10) sl 16.0) 4 Tele\0, 6) ayajia | ew 
ee eee re ee ee re ewe ee eee 

al e!e\9 onere iis, nos: .0 es) eke ar e's 


CC er ry 


TOM piel nen re Opa ee Bete me pei 
Northumberland ...;..... 


Oe sia 8 60 © 4a te wie 
se vee ee ee (als elmo 8 ew, 
Stale wis, «¢ vw ele luxe © 


Ce ee ry 


cee eee 
ee 
Cela We ty cope Sal kel ie 
a) CREKS 0,16 cele ¢ 06 vp the @ 


ee 


a a 
esa te» o's) 9s alate) © 


266 ote 6 6 oie 6 8 


eLOta she aa hoe eee: 


Nipissing....... Pe 


os +e eeeeecees 


Ce 


4,447,064 


Barley. 
1895, 1894. 1882 95, 
' $ $ 
45,420 46,615) 45,441 
117,897 98,333 96,870 
83,352 48,881 68,049 
24,676 22.644 66,963 
41,133 35,759 130,521 
5,282 7,693 38,309! 
317,760) 20,95 446,153 
142,107 112,322 176,138 
251,593 191,901 348,258) 
120,022) 135,142 222,297 
513,722 439,365 746,693 
147,554 151,864 251,279 
473,134 300, 136) 407,470, 
620,688 452,000 658,749 
251,479 135,122 201,006 
149,396 116,531 232,272 
80,874 93,138 | 223,051 
224,500 129,243) 244 465 
286,509 282,476 465,564 
144,847 158,102 248 633 
123,104 120,001 149,636 
1,260,769} 1,034,613, =: 1,765,617. 
7,333 12,903 45,643 
48,790 65,212 158,407, 
63,833. 43, 267 | 155,734 
232,766. 242,391 438,765 
310,453: 305,352 730,817 
231,581 191,449) 484,429 
219,187) 230,837 546,983 
90,720 112,280 418,033 
132 3871 156,316 350,433 
1,337,034]  1,360,007| 3,329,244 
115,957 153,082 352,858, 
33,391 49,541 166,619 
40,457 41,692 
25, 497 24 837 . $22,052 
24,686 28,117 83,216] 
25, 454. 16,691 33,236 | 
25,006! 18,791 25,955 
26,275 21, 134 40,599 
19,595) 12,140 20,264. 
87,030 64,247 117,206 
9,164 13,150 16,611 
29 835 24,063 37,332 
462, 367 467,485  1,0'6,528 
192,529 246,960) 355,065 
43,019 51,175 131,936 
1,678: 1,521! 2,957 
112,439. 108,350. 365,819 
349,665 408, 008! 355,777 
6,715 7,293 6,472 
6,103 7,754 7,954 
1,332) 869 752 
8,470, 9,747 | 9,209. 
22. 620 25,663 24,387 
4,884,565! 


8,843,148 
| 


~—_— 


Oats. 
1895 1894. 1882-95. 
S| $ $ 
641,134 476,432 435,211 
671,713 536,420 479,539 
454,181 404,164 423,451 
268,391 206,837 287,499 
288,465 229, 995 256,464 
244 321 160,068 207,111 
2,468,205} 2,013,916. 2,089,275 
897,983} 708,077 563,720 
1,494,262; 1,130,628] 1,105,268 
975,682, 949 318 776,596 
3,367,927 pee 2, 445,584 
1,283,663} 1,362,479, 1,109,940 
1,295,308; 1,098,148 878,975 
2,578,971 reek 1,988, 915 
1,205,226 905,502) 989,561 
859, 609 751,256 742,231 
209, 219) 203,400! 227,456 
1,235,849) 881,806. 898, 133 
1,263,374| 1,198,089) 1,016,628 
534,345) 502,106 507,047 
597,437 630,299. 434,975 
5,905,059! 5,072,458 4,816,026 
204,249) 169,360. 203,096 
369,766, 275,625! 354,453 
264,509, 228,441, 248,947 
454,297 461,003, 493,411 
1,022,862] 1,024, 153| 954,059 
800,499, 672,948 700,643 
490,557 | 449, 425| 444,983 
381,910 332,282 330,084 
135,168 130,125 134 053 
4,128,747 | 3,743,362 3,793,729 
235,209, 268,638 229,461 
311,459. 293, 443 293,596 
342, 167 359,785 a 
262,310 276,164 } 125,546 
311,774 304,243 365,960 
238,187 | 201,067 286, 238 
334,177| 248, 889 337,994 
325,088 187,060 991,358 
251,810 149,603} 207,924 
808,530) 632,744 754,432 
486, 262| 368,240 467,825 
450,131 413,778 434,529 
4,337,104 3,708,654. 4,394,863 
| 
706,979 646,358 513,448 
357,126 406,075 350,127 
42,423 26,372, 47,959 
439, 844 472,505 445,641 
1,539,372 1,651,810 1,357,175 
98,264 75,374 95 192 
97,552 85,714! 67,842 
. $1,504 22, 456 10,649 
99,287 101,241 71,507 
326,607 vient 245,190 
24,646,992 21,613,135 21,130,757 


137 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUES—-RYE AND PEAS. 


TABLE XxX 1d. 


Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value at market prices of 


the total crops of Rye and Peas in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the 


fourteen years 1882-95. 


Rye. Peas. 
Counties. | | 
1895. 1894, 1882-95. 1895. 1894. 1882-95. 
$ $ $ $ $ $ 

NGSSOX Shy, ha he ays On aeL ate note aecrr te 22,991 12,732 10,063 44,605 28,380 38,347 
Rientat ir. nants commis hake pies a eeras 19,737 9,253 9,868 28,285 26,146 90,898 
ADA Uy get nee crag ipa mit el IAI te ae 31,766 18,253 15,165 74,971 90,721 132,685 
Norfolle si et ees ool sak oe Dee va, eee 69,517 33,537 55,777 91,152 97, 250 176, 995- 
Haldimand Lien sei «sneer ete sae 6,129 4,626 (183 135, 807 108,489 146,842 
NVelland oe amet cc a gine eta as ena 11,433 8,082 6,192 52,070 43,518 44,679 

RUOUAIS stir ersten ok ance ee oo ee ae 161,573 86,483 104,188 426,890 394,504 630,446 
Bian Dton le cise ak au oene cee ee eae ee 10,539 4,182 2,992 97,248 65,550 98,641 
PLUTONS, terete sate ae she cee as et 5,689 3,748 3,478 544,881 471,367 481,718. 
TS PUICEG ae nd weree Aale es aed cae ae 5,742 2,479 4,570 618, 435 524,787 551,982 

Motale. Mery nts! me years co aaa! 21,970 10,409 ee 1,260,564; 1,061,704) 1,132,341 
TOV Coen eee: ts Cae Aecst tAe np oma cae 3,505 6,968 5,635 564,050 546,835 605,416 
RSHICOGN eater on ceie cit teens cureene 22,843 22,305 22,633 737,679 597,817 487,680: 

VOGAIR Sate ete a bai ote eager es leet 26,348 29,273 28,268} 1,301,729] 1,144,652} 1,093,096 
Mir ddllasesxas® cwtaayie ren ie ate n.d Geel eee 27,972 7,994 6,900 170,144 143,836 238,858 
ORTOP Dre Peete orci i Sieh Sue de aioe 24,179 13,426 11,622 178,583 145,306 200,016 
PAG ae oie sO t,o acta oe, sais om 29, 966 4,438 10,315 102,997 100,388 115,793 
W efe g) 4 COS hoc CS Skt eR EMEC Pe sp Ee Rf 9,794 4,913 2,416 411,200 281,343 329,250 
Wellington wus: se,nuate acc ern 19,548 7,256 9,719 467,256 334,362 493,525 
Waterl002 4h edac sue Renee ania 17,563 10,161 6,610 221,972 181,035; 212,249. 
TE AVNOXS) ath s WinoNOn aot. Abu RUN Sik. acot a. NGM. 30,529 7,659 8,198 196,495 210,388 169,981 

Potala. e ee amie arte ml oes sen eee | 159,551 55,847 55,780) 1,748,647; 1,396,658} 1,759,672 
Ennio) eh sires cctiss,00 nokta pees a ee 10,317 3,953 4,271 60,830 41,725 55,662 
PV Gia Gavior tls Age we ee ily Oe oe ges as cae LOE 13,787 9,902 131,471' 104,686 133,580: 
PTA GOI mrss sent e Wie why cold Ree een a 8,914 2,177 5,499 144,279 79,108 185,139 
I COL i), PRS See er ties FS Oe ms Oo 9,992 895} 12,583) 208,740 151,349} 191,917 
WG a) he: Oe eran 8 A as oS as aaa 12,972 6,703 14,197 492,189 352,034 408,179: 
AVERT aL eshte on inn Sewanee Olt eras tat cle 42,804 25,937 25,397 295,357 301,497 346,356 
PTT 5. aretha tae came keene tee een 53,655 30,852) 39,069 336, 708 317,918 294,687 
INorthumberlamd: te.) o-) tae eee sees eee 64,378 76, 434 | 82,181 276,909} 337,591 247,294 
Prince, Ward oe a... 6 ste atone oe 43,730 51,650 62,630 189,319 261,027 172,592 

PPOtAIS 2c PeNeciats, chs net renee aah tae 266,539 212,388 255,729! 2,135,802) 1,946,935) 1,985,406 
Lennox and-Addington 2)... 0/55 oer | 19,638 21,621 34,817 99,733 91,095 102, 125 
frontenas ee ERE CLs ER bt RoE eae 11,683 14,975, 31,304 96,965 33,085 114,726. 

a ee ae are Ran Wee ee Ae 8,296 7,346, 34,756 33,685 

Grenville Padme ee ed 20,107 AZO f auecens 1 14,979} 15,043 t 67,820 
PUN AS Babe Ber Hed ete.) LEO eas oi es 10,054 6,475 14,520 15, 930| 8,945 19,551 
tormont lee eee oo ee he ore oes 1,899 564 4,395 21,020 12,880) 27,357 
Glengarryca ersten. dh een ae ee 181 146 565 29,715! 22,811! 52,083 
PPeSCOGt fae canbe eee: Caras BER CO os OTe oor 663 2,070 26,998 17,129 69,725 
TRUIBHELL Sat, ee ene eee la an, Dee eeety ae) 5 mae 1,098 3,899 3,108 19,564 15,013 37,106 
Carletony.), do cet ok hc Rees oe ae 15,875 33,163 48,739 114,299 76,216 153,019: 
Renfrew aus cies eelee va caste mies ok one aaa 33,779 32,563 68,670 227,289 234,312! 257,512 
Banaricg facut nce ret nis sono AM ei aenrce 16,736 8,281 39,716 121,485 109,751 143,668 

CP OUALS qe Mae oe, cee eC Cg oe 139,346 133,866 297,181 822,713 719,229} 1,044,692 

| 

SVC GIIA neh ates ies sik Gre av teak ee eee a 8,323 7,191! 11,123 220,088 199,289 213,380 
Peterborough ei oidjsce 606 seule ceeds 22,884 17,348 29,453 170,933 225,941 189,281 
ETAL DUrbOn Hees cies eee ete ee aes 2,120 477 2,226 17,285 18,361 19,345 
FLASCINIOR 46 so 1 ate ais orreNe ants aces 52,498 57,199 101,477 221,812 219,961 212,608 

Ota lass 0 cto sca es Cee ee 85,825 82,215 144,279 630,118 663,552; 634,614 
Muskoka si7% 20 oust) Poeaem an lemiecd t eke 1,302 758 3,384 40,028} 35, 453 38,406 
Arey. OUNG. Shy eee cal. CP neve een 777 901 3,585 46,203 43,167 27,321 
aN i PASSING Gi acest ca em ween he Sanes 509 219 372 17,028 16, 456 5,335 
Algoma 2 ta oa sc ene We eee 2,713 521 2,220 101,598 93,958 76,210 

Totals Perec ocd an Rateerien | eee 5,301 2,399 9,561 204, 857 189,034 147,272 
Phe - Brovinde. os. see ote calene eae ce 866, 8 012,889 6,028 8,531,320) 7,516,268 8,427,539 


138 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUES-CORN AND BUCKWHEAT. 


Tasrte XIII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value at market prices of 
the total crops ef Corn (for husking and silo) and Buckwheat in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, 
with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95. 


Corn. | Buckwheat. 

; | 

Counties. Total. 
Husking.| Silo 1895. | 1894. | 1882-95. 

1895, | 1894. | 1882-95. | 

$ | et od ee $ $ | $ 8 

i ee ae 1,120,004 12,342| 1,132,346 770,613} 717,371 6, 152) 7,187, 8,179 
oe eee ie $22,552 28,062 850,614! 627,211} 581,117 7,648}. 13,735} 9,135 
ke 4 ae 493,339) 63,338] 556,677/ 487,295} 334,921 19,737; 19,030, 13,916 
Madthik 22.2.2... 386,092} 92,018! 478,110 287,825; 270,328 63,229 53,374 39,464 
Haldimand ...... 49,583) 48,024) 97,612 40,056 39,645) 6.545! 6,814) 5,238 
Welland . ....... 162,160) 30,618, 192,778} 145,447) 120,575 17,790 19,378 15,457 
Totals........ 3,033,735! 274,402! 3,308, 137) 2,338,447) 2,063,957, 121,101! 119,478 91,389 
Lambton ........ 394,803, 76,030} 470,833' 342,075| 187,563 6,126 5,356} 4,862 
rae GF 42,058 163,488) 205,546 86,905} 58,964 2,624 2,566} 2.884 
ema eS, | 9,507| 97,030} 106,537 50,799} 27,589 2,778 997, 3,215 
Totes... 446,368 336,548 782,916) 479,779} —-274, 116 oes 8,919 10,961 

| | 
ee Se | 10,756, 119,694) 130,450, = 63,720} 29,883} 10,550 — 4,319 
Simcoe ....... .. | 38,269 71,512 109,781} _ 88,780 38,794} 50,428 33,640 11,067 
utaly/2. £25: |: 49,025, 191,206 240,231) 152,500) 88,683) 60,978 38,995 15,386 
Middlesex........ | 424,939, 205,852 630,791; 448,402) 277,761; 12,087 17,405. 5,766 
“OS ee | 193,615; 175,176} 368,791; 266,300! 192,868) = 10,287} 5,822; 5,229 
Lea ae | 100,838} 62,766] 163,604 126,894; 102,658 9,007; 6,311} 5,229 
a. Serer ee | 16,198} 141,700; -157,898' 80,636, 40,849! 1,398 1,446 1,090 
Wellington ...... 7.293} 109,494 116,787] 42,373} 29,060 5,151 663) 1,948 
Waterloo ........ 20,211; 50,486) 70,697, _ 48,333) 33,108! 246 619, 1,011 
Dofferin ......... 2,735 9,576 12,311] 13,470 3,908! 6,597) 2,517| 1,474 
wan Es Eo ep 765,829, 755,050! 1,520,879) Nowiay GS0,212} 44,783} 34,784] 21,747 
Lincoln .......... 129,862 36,450 166,312) 118819 121,499 2,770) 4,802} 5,908 
Wentworth _..... 58,682; 113,864, 172,546) 99,103! —-109, 88s! 6,275 7,758] 7,171 
ES ae an 22,239! 71,650 93,889 49,649 33,715) 2,517) 3,003} 1,438 
a. a Se 7,968 63,048] 71,016) 48,963 23,797 | 1,760 2,211} 1,820 
ee eee 18,974, 145,396! 164,370) 82,660 49,3141 21,647 20,251} 5,413 
aterie 2% 0... 51,738 90,888, 142,626 108,904 61,154 57,499 56,155] 19,125 
Durham.......... | 44,786 70,142} 114,928 67,589 43,586] 79,390 96,619) 38,024 
Northumberland.. | 73,927} 107,020, 180,947| 127,578 89,813, 133,821; 160,753) 81,676 
Prince Edward ... 117.004 «66.982 183,986} 129,439) 104,520; ~~ 59,009 82,460! 72,453 
Totals. ....... | 525,180, 765,440) 1,290,620, 832,704 637,286, 364,688] — 434,007| 233,028 

: i / 
Lennox & Add’ton. | = 74,522 74,928) 149,450 98,797} 55,376) 41,275) 34,792 34,586 
Frontenac ........ 44.014) 81,470 125,484 92,230) 48,572; 11,826] 16,027! 16,903 
Oe eae 135,576! 116,642) 252,218] 287,485! \ 192.907 23,182} 18,703) . > ano 
Grenville ..... .. | 104,269 85,81S| 190,087} 135,161! al 40,794 22,830) ¢ *4°Ys 
Dundas ........ .| 77,384! 123,522! 200,906 21,660 §3,279 15,438) 14,360) 16,996 
Stormont ........| 51,813 56,592; 108,405) 107,375) 45,758] «19,810 18,201} 20,316 
Glengarry ........ | —- 83,558} 107,568) 141,126) = 83,273, 40,187 15,677, .11,214' 10,812 
_ Oe eae | = -56,388) 44,304) 100,692) 84,145, 40,364 14,418} 18,293) 12,809 
a | ee | 14,295) 29,470] 43,695 36,389, 20,178 13,258] . 12,236) 9.398 
Carleton ......... | | 25,328; 122,562} 147,890} 129,369! 57,898} 48,589} 33,107! + 32.389 
Renfrew ......... | 9,463 43,904} 53,367 38,052; 17,243 21,010}. 21,012) 18,157 
SS, Sa 29,949} 107,110) 137,059 89,940 43,257 36,389 24,870} 42,949 
Wokels os... 656,489, 993,890] 1,650,379) 1,253,876 624.514! 301,666, 240,655) 257,604 
emer. 162.455. 5,378) 26,402 31,780 19,507; —-13,637 29,164 31,914} 14,964 
Peterborough .... | 6,756, 41,866! 48,622 36,071! «15,093; 30,836 19,855| 12,904 
Haliburton ...... | 1,880! 960, 2,840, 1,663) 1,866) 4,906 1,939} 2,442 
Hastings .....:<.. ; 113,063} 160,368] 273,429) 197,228 131,803) 49,664 57,565 43,628 
Totals. ...... 127,077, 229,594. 356,671) 254,469 162,399) 114,570] 111,273] 73,938 
Muskoka ........ 3,139 1248 4,387) 4,074 2,918 2,169 1,203; 3,210 
Parry Sound ..... 1,265 1,840 3,105) 2,708 1,08) 2,421 1,014; 1,209 
Nipissing ........ 456 416! 872 345 263 1,352 1,231 163 
Py ey ee 7 1,674| 2,408 2,087 1,263 2,108! 1,897} 1,388 
Motela:. sd. . 5,594 5,178| 10,772 9,214 5,525 8,050| 5,348} 6,270 
' 

The Province .... | 5,609,297 3,551,308. Macs 6,347,397 = pcuaty 1,027,864 905,459 710,328 


PRIISS 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


VALUES—BEANS AND POTATOES. 
TapnLE XLV. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value at market prices of 


. 


the total crops of Beans and Potatoes in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average 
for the fourteen years 1882-95. 


Beans. Potatoes. 
Counties. | 
1895. 1894. 1882-95 | 1895. 1894. 1€82-95, 
$ $ $ : ee eee 

WWiShOX She pe oe vue eke on ete ne 13,837 20,376 14,983 79,647 68,638 114,876 
Canb) gtk ee cae Arete aisle ris 5 arta tht ne §30,891 495,490 356,609 110,477 93, 106 166,802 
TS HOUN FCG aie aie inse Chee Aldtie a> chee 142,456 94,044 43,946 118,301 120,460 120,428 
BN GP LOUKRS Begs ne corettateustates 20 tera Peeks 14,954 7,558 11,458 106,594 98,942 143,963 
Haldimand ......... Pr es ROS Gk 8.721 3,570 4,008 35,339 32,763 60,766 
AWiblanid 460s. cesses cee ce ke Seine 237311 18,394 13,921 79,383 87,199 96,479 
PTOtaIS Tu a sis opie pehenhes cae ameke aes 1,029,170 639,432 444,925 529,741 501,108 703, 314 
Bambtenje..ckcten ler) = cap oss © 58,057 33,817 13,537 119,746 78,045 122,216 
EL HPO My Pees RC uae ce og Oe nae mone 4,382 4,414 3,052 176,278 204,519 261,773 
BETICE 4 Rh Gcksonie tee goon chin tae eee 4,485 1,757 2,261 153,456 143,833 224,791 
T Otis le we bo. vec sthaicbds ne + toler pe anelne 66,924 39,988 18,850 449,68C 426,397 €08,780 
DAs rey Me daeates «icmp Rad ot «ue Coetanelne en 10,067 8,346 3,900 213,684 228,729 355,085 
MICOS Maat coin erates 5 ors nine hedge 3 17,912 Gisal 4,012 385,547 326,328 382,088 
EP OTS ee avs dike Ae 2 cia ota pO cate 27,979 15,677 7,912 5028 555,057 737,123 
MeL FIC lasers he mien gaerietee «aha cnet 71,322 21,632 12,970 269,402 210,008 249,948 
Ctard ene OM ey SOA D o dere we | 5,064 8,045} - 6,146 114 260 121,716 149,724 
PERTTI bet ean hs hid eahrceauwnn ivi oktaheecaiege ats 4,897 800 6,027 66,201 81,013 102,488 
Berth | Ae ec deeih unis soe ees os 4,451 2,065 1,466 165,349 161,501 182,818 
PW pllin pitas. Gen dese hie telepere mr 682 1,063 740 279,739 284,310 315,564 
WN der OOP: cise icsoicuerpiete moons. s ate Mas ci 2,249 433 770 111,363 104,001 149,575 
DIT OLity Peder a Sa tdtcder ira SORE oN 1,193 751 584 171,646 185,679 194,629 
EDO Gas at ies eke tarts. er oleytnedie ts: 89,858 34,789 28,703! 1,177,966} 1,148,228} 1,344,746 
Thi COL se cin ae cer aloe Chehetemettecnse ic 4,818 2,252 3,480 68,554 49,326 76, 2€2 
Wisnt WORE: « cscls. so Vices. c.41s sate ia al 2,406 yal 3,029 114,254 126,686 178,311 
EL ci Gonva luis: 2 Aretoriyy oases ote eek 2,197 894 700) ec 908 57,118 73,882 
eel! (Fast. han Mae Meteo ance bea ceeeeieee OGD ees pe yee 1,136 120,599 139,912 135,669 
Nar eis Net ace oie that pales SR tote tanec 10,359 9,787 4,471 350,990 274,468 340,094 
Ontario’... isa. - L soho tes® Weemahcis stereo teuainle re 11,679 13,127 6,441 235,512 196,708 227,884 
MiarH ari i. cet ot ewe ee ake te Ae eee: 13,657 21,016 8,290 123,962 134,589 170,683 
Northtimiteriind .. dita hese a serie arctan 41,784 41,326 16,028 151,004 160,290 206,195 
Prince Malad ai e.Wod he «sos stetcentkie 5 10,040 15,341 9,660 56,561 64,690 90,183 
REO ERG ALY ate ss eee terete es erniues pteebe 98,005 104,114 53,312| 1,279,339] 1,203,187| 1,499,063 
Lennox and Addington ..............-. 7,126 8,479 5,079 94,354 131,695 150,171 
ene pA, SSR MS Saale Rens Bh 3,749 2,937 6,372 107,270 | 171,088 

Preece: Gites c cr clee ae es eicke | wprastneyate | 4,030 4,830 er 128,695 172,16 
CEA ee Be ee ee ee 3.476 as \ aa 1 150,167| 171,018, \ 355,918 
Poin d AS Hh RO Feit anatase 6,074 3,078 5,948 90,271 108,832 135,388 
GEG PIA Oia thio apne STEIN: weheitt SOhe UR ese 3,798 2,222 4,427 59,369 69,895 98,843 
Glemg amNY iionn she Dis ies lant whem Ula 4,853 2,716 4,082 72,856 74,356 109,861 
PeresCOthie woos lee tee a ae Ape 6,728 5,708 12,842 94,531 81,495 124,350 
AEC UISSO LGPL ibvcre stereo BEDS sis hie ele ies ate 4,278 3,168 4,542 54,229 55,244 66,127 
WeritelGnint. shee cycles betes aint atte tee eek 15,252) 8,071) 10,941 186,012 269,284 319,290 
PRATT GR A fit biatsscc tee Hele one's oe MSS tere 9,512 8,887 11,419| © 130,768 183,104 241,993 
Lisatar i Wess ic mie tes eels one Mt 2,946 7,391) 5,733 127,599 141,187 207,959 
MT OPENG Hho see Re: wos cate Ea Dass 7AL7 82) 7 .b9j590 79,818} 1,296,121] 1,610,420; 1,980,988 
WMiGtor ia ak £6. ok ce bden dite oc epree ve 7,292 3,949 2,700 121,004 109,830 170,261 
Peterborough... keh Gke ss. ne walen « 2,804 3,892 2,599 121,596 111,026 142,527 
Hat st Deon, fd coaicto as ieee outs ois aN the at's 817 569 596 30,627 26,512 39,029 
ET et. b 110 re we in its 6 Rc AALS Ph otto donate chek 18,654 9,665 8,085 167,538 197,851 282,713 
Totete Pio) Set MES on tee eee 29,567 18,075 13,980 440,765 439,219 634,530 
Te Glico a wesbi cs coc, set aee deh enatee sede eee ores 360 464 865: 40,527 46,441 75,997 
Parry Sound, chose. 02 aegis ele 4 =e) | 443 729 436 54,216 62,613 58,993 
EN DISSES Pah. erscdrs eee cians = alegre ase 142 287 225 26,142 18,868 12,327 
A Werorrianiiiy. tilandlomsatihe ae eames «hepa iebaoueime 758 430 461 43,331 64,210 63,317 
TT Gtialle aa ee ok aay es nee eee ores 1,703 | 1,910 1,987 164, 216 192,132 210,634 
RhewProvines ©... 14. Ass seGr Mh Bs fee 1,414,988 913,575, 649,487| 5,936, io 075,788 7,719,168 

| 


140 


99 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


VALUES—-MANGEL-WURZELS AND CARROTS. 


TABEL XV. Shewing by County Munici 
Mangel-wurzels and Carrots in Ontario 
fourteen years 1882-95. 


palities and groups of Counties the value of the total crops of 
in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the 


Counties. 


Haldimand. iiss... 22 
Weltand? (oe Ae... 
dafc\ TA Sa SOA Lag 


Oxfordiees 5208, )) hee 


Wellisgton wo. .0..0.5.% 
WSterloO! jos doh) ete 
MOVOriaes. korn steletencke woe 


Vere nih Esai eg et ne 


Prince Bdward.......... 
POGAISU Ee ohare ee) 


Lennox and Addington. . 
[POMGEOTIAG . decctelens < sieve cas 
NiCBOSI a aatis 8 eee ac 


ID Gaye cy AES Gees ee 
SS GOLTEOM Chasis ecterete 2 we aeuie or: 
STIGUEAITY 2. ozs. ce aes 
IRTESGOUL. «cesses hs oe es 
1) rR 
LOL RD ees 


VUE SL Se 
Peterborough ..........- 
Hanoarton. PF oe... 
TGR - reek eas 
JM SC oe ee Ae 


GE Ss eee 
PAT OURG A rice noi" 
DITOEMER its. ee ets so 
ERA OIED.S hse as Sean @ = 

PORBIS cs hs debe W880 s 


10) 90) @) 4 i wie epee 4nd 


© ele se ele eis © a 8 


Cigcw 4 6 4 tel es 6 «(6 


eee r reser eces 


ee eee ewes eens 


Cie BOC RE Ba init) CPT 


@ um” al oy Osh bam elle, me 


eee ese eseenars 


UIC) niet a ge oS 


ry 


Si [4\\5 "w 6)8 ©\.0a ble) s: 


seer ee eres eevee 


eee ee ewer ee oe 


Ce ee 


oot ee 6 oe eee 


CC ee 


ee Sr | 


Ce re 


ee? 


ee i ) 


@ls)\u, @ fle) | celica 


ceeere fee eh ee 


a.0 6 i¢, > 6,\0\ 60's =e 


ee Ree weer eoe 


616 © oe .)s ole we ~ 


Se 


ee ere esres eros 


CeCe eeccace paca 


Sb) el Plain | te) siete 


eee eer wwe pe ee 


ea feiie) (e606 lece ole 


= Gi sire /& 220 6 ei tie 


Cee ereceoeesevee 


ed wale bho! be neue 


SoS hate ae at © 6. alte 


ee eres eee ees 


Wie eee ohertae aye. ete 


o 6 ep 6) 8k 6, 8) em wm 


@ ee: 6 6 6 is, 16 wee 


oS S"s 9) re) pe ee! ace ‘a 6, 


Sew ie © eN8 (01d Ie e16 6 


oes © © Be =o 6)» «6 


Carrots. 


' 1894, 


1882-95, 


$ 
2,004! 
10,637 
17,670 
3,979 
1,358 
1,748 
43,396 


13,449 
20,918 
12,862 
47,229 


Mangel-wurzels. | 
| ’ 
1895. 1894, 1882-95. | 1895. 
CT ik a REO 7 peed ee 

21,760 9,968 9,477 30,440 
24,432 16,405 11,804 12,115 
32,408 92,344 12,967 19,881 
17,394! 7,883 | 8,042 14,104 
6,448 2,946 4,633 4,489 
4,916 1,817 4,583 3,559 
107,358 61,363 51,506 64,588 
von 20,907 16,798 21,315) 
125,889} 108,050 69,429 18,763 
28,087 21,955: 16,808 13,333 
196,998] 150,912} 108,035 53,411 
19,304 10,869 13,808 15,438 
25,957 27,624 20,672 27,291 
45,261 38,492 34,480 42,729 
114,127 55,911 54,709 53,096 
73,920 60,838 50,625 17,019 
18,713 25,186 15,390 10,366 
136,930 87,000 72,651 14,270 
67,962 53,813 40,879 19,393 
19,257 17,900 17,885 17,654 
7,419 4,808 4,441! 6,337 
438,328 305,456] 256,580; 188,135 
9,699 7,088 7,828 7,112 
31,555 23,121 18,899 9 801 
27,855! «18, 834 17,535 3,019 
29,888 19,880 16,367 15,617 
78,793 60,456 63,888 20,940 
35,980 32,329 28.333 6,405 
19,898 16,472 18,577 10,839 
19,110: 28,403: —«-17,260 14,841 
10,016! 8,755! 3,925 5,031 
262,794| 210,338! 192,612 93,605 
5,378 3,674 3,571 3,608 
10,167 6,996 5,596 5,471 
12,556 13,112'| gaa f 8,856 
5,895 3,876 f peeve eee: 764 
10,246 4,930 4,311 14,044 
6,289 4,414 1,685 7,885 
10,816 4,525 2,938 13,515 
4,182 1,660 2.515 5,763 
18,283 5,922 4,309 18,630 
28,299 21,025) 17,719 15,375 
8,656 4,920 3,937 7,590! 
10,937 7,538 5,742 9,917 
132,654 83,592 61,693! 114,418, 
46,943 40,109 26,373| 9,108 
16,834 12,019 10,412 16,469 
899 380 272 2,812 
25,120 15,584 13,980 24,188 
89,796 68,092' 51,087 52,577 
941| 1,342 1,097 4,210 
552 1,190 370 3,820 
558 64 Ril 562 
1,680 1,728 705 4,617 
3,731 4,324 a 13,209 
1,276,920 922,570 758,186, 572,672 


17,830 
30,761 
48,591 


28, 658 
17,999 

5,816 
10,302, 
12,480 
14,520 

4,350! 
94,125 


S937 


8,937 

3,664 
13,451} 
20,625} 
12,487 | 
10,350) 
10,738 

2.566 

. 85, 469 


3,469 
6,077 
6,417 
8,694 
8,610 
5,234 
8,167 
2,409 
8,400 
13,484 
7,926 
9,459 
88,346 


21,068 
13,537 

690 
11,246 
46,54] 


3,746 
4,419 
687 
1,969! 
10,821 


464,518 


—— 


3,391 
6,525 
8,554 
6,658 
2,888 
2,943 

30,959 


9,211 
22,635 
12,951 
44,797 


22, 622 
25,801 
48,423 


22, 967 
16,653 
9,746 
17,670 
13,579 
16,369 
5,794 
102,778 


4,780 
10,233 
5,281 
12,517 
30,724 
20,134 
20,126 
11,985 
1,964 
117,744 


2,302 
5,681 


9,185 


5,692 
2,864: 
3,394 
2,386 
6,976 
20,907 
5,285 


461,516 


141 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUES—TURNIPS AND HAY AND CLOVER. 


TaBLE XVI. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the value at market prices 
of the total crops of Turnips and Hay and Clover in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the 
yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95. j 


Turnips. Hay and Clover. 
Counties, 1 
1895. | 1894. 1882.95. 1895. 1894. | 1882-95. 
oe Ae ania fib (a 
$ $ 3 $ $ | $ 
RIBSOX. ao. vt we SEINE Se ees ct ee eh sn 7,861. 5,222 6,765 546,415 516,151 £89,851 - 
Kentane os eer aes tee pre eeeteapere 11,150 21,158 12,768 592,516 612,746 791,685 
Hleini esse aes is ee oe ee 25,681 30,885 15,616 367,635 507,790 742,925 
Norfolk cane Sate Bao Sea nen ts eae 87,018 78,999 48,164 143, 836 390,875 525,153 
Pialdimand soe eee eee ana 6,563 2,213 3,760 295,323 550, 202 618,766 
Welland S525 ohn daw oe site mat ees aeee 9,003 6,294 6,561 462,234 630,980 634,535 
Totals os sk. his oolsameaire teen 147,276 144,771 93,634| 2,407,959; 3,208,744| 3,902,915 
Tiambton ii tse Pate Se cca 24,415 21,123 13,697 531,311 638, 223 825,117 
PH ur0Te bes oxo Diets Paes eal ee Tpaneiejeuees + 2 ar 368,261 333,644 295,429 621,334] 1,090,469] 1,367,280 
PBrUCO mee es ee ete Hee Bk sea 336,121 351,976 268,333 440,746 920,120) 1,098,153 
Totals 215 otek ats Sein cere omy ew te Seth 728,797 706,743 577,459| 1,598,391] 2,648,812| 3,290,550 
Grey es fies seer oo easier eee 458, 150 544,977 407,414 550,474| 1,141,961) 1,461,414 
SECC Met, cre et Ban talavesyslatelahers ence ea alleges 360, 700) 324,245 190,947 898,663 912,900; 1,067,407 
Patan EOI Ce evenes ek ey | 818,850 869,222| 598,361| 1,449;137| 2,054,861) 2,528,821 
Middlesex .......-.-+--+5:> SO Selene 109,938 95,266 73, 701 787,913 981,492| 1,372,672 
COxfOr Ge ee sleet ete a ane te Oradea 390,552 $45,143) 270,730 535,788 696,435 957,550 
Brant gi ok fie aloe Min casas sienee tettes 182,295 204, 403 143,827 133,578 320,756 441,572 
POPE ee tee ert ed Gas elope pees GLa 242,950 230,685 204,320 561,741 821,069| 1,037,373 
Wellington ..2....-g-.2-e.c+-s- sees 609, 483 691,845 591,182 683,560 957,799) 1,250,874 
Waterloo! leds aie eo renee emo 192,360 219,473 216,919 211,388 481,504 622,457 
Dritlerin. 9 See shse cae eee sore oe 198,893 176,793 118,601 242,802 385,998 454,449 
weit Senne nominate be oe eer 1,926,471] 1,963,608} 1,619,280 3,156,770} 4,645,053! 6,136,947 
TancOln 0 eae oe as eae ates ee 15,376 10,802 9,427 315,692 531.150 548,556 
Went wOrth a. once eae as sleleretore ao o's ee ees 164,265 164,387 128,542 223,516| 493,038 630,895 
TL alton eee oe eer ab erste oa 98,963 98,926 £3,217 199,986 394,617 443,631 
P Geller earn tees tine clove ceed erskere arent 88,013; 91,867 63,046 194,217 448,179 531,180 
PPLE Bee suits wate Sie a ada sateen cial ono beereat 287,599 299,320 173,919 715,675 964,951) 1,042,556 
(Gyan (6). wes oS UeNSIn Glo gibeycic bid otra cyto > o'r 591,802 611,680 547,555 602,257 723,870 762,563 | 
Dukhanwo™ Yougeae sos esetmete se ee eby ne | 9374, 503 275,939 256,354 426,994 479,455 591,780 
Northumberland. : ...+-s02-e2s8eese5: 239,866| 194,942) 153,918} 481,016) 544,517, 667,287 
Privtice Hawardisi ge. «2s adeheline se. ome 13,473 4,748 3,644] 145,743] 285,927) 387,550 
iDicsted is ok aa Ae aheumber seas ae Sirneas 1,873,860} 1,752,611} 1,419,622 ay ante 4,865,699} 5,600,998 
Lennox and Addington .... -.- teens 4,888 3,425 4,076 394,048 555,925! 626,067 
Frontenac....-.-.i:- BS eae Ae ea 1 . sae = 464] 12,663 ae 807; 684,876) 770,592 
Teedehe ae hee se: Pie ey arn eet 26,2 3,678| 12,861) 703,375) ) 
(era Uilh Oa binds op. Sb Cobh deanna 10,625 6,662 18,992 1 395°605| 371,113} J 1410.88 
Vit AAS hoe ee chad ies 5 apo genes a corte 6,534 11,370 3,154 714,679 453,161 569,438 
SE GTIONE vce Je allele ose ceistet sles mis eins 5,152 4,788 2,646 625,640 364,067 511,484 
Glengarry . <. -2hs f+: 5. tie eis siete he + ree 9,231 11,858 O,OLT 805,502 609,260 605,865 
Preecote fale ee asia hg ol Sipe | 14,787 10,517 6,221 758,258 583,110 562,144 
pS Sr AY aera, ee ee ie oc go cee 16,269 34,170 17,658 561,421 309,083 288,445 
Carleton. 225 cab ee ee oe tre rom a eraee 74,916 85,201 62,085] 1,426,443 951,766 897,642 
Rairee™ Nowe See Ac hee | 47'575| —-16,359| —- 23,208] 1,128,906} 851,203] 738,392 
Tanaris oss ehh ah ae wornptae ed Malet et 47,715 32,718 22,791 900,594 858,559 851,477 
RAR ea a Na ees a 277946} 2537210 1723411] 8,827,759] 7,295,498] 7,821,884 
ViChOVIss ernie recite cis 8 ed sree 216,177 214,100 151,795 475,260 456,692 477,916 
Peterborough ......-.---++-+-e9 cee 135,486 94,005 67,293 199,518 383,330 424,071 
TL Weat Oke ees acta ee aed 10,837 7,855 8'937| 96.088} 105,046] 110,150 
Hastings <. 22525. 2 fern -seee eee 111,583 72,809 39,332 580,228 655,210 855,191 
Totals 2.5 2245 Gee es ee els woes 474,083 388,769; 267,357 1,351,094) 1,600,278| 1,867,328 
: 
Muskoka | cc case Gece «foot sng eels 828 are Bie 23,942 28,005 29,803 217,088) 237,429 256,733 
Parry Sound ...5.....00eeseeee scenes 41,181 28,418 24,233 148,264 203,546 145,329 
Nipissing ........2.0-sseeercevene eres 4,900 6,920 2,516 90,405 63,655 27,925 
Algoma. 7.20 she he se tg as ai 32,364 27,172 20,474 206,984 204, 937 172,295 
TOtala «cc ad bctekia sae ca eislegate's 0.4.0 meine 102,387 90,515 77,026 662,736 709,567 602,282 


The Province .......:5---2 esses ceeeee 6,349,670) 6,169,449) ° Tedd 72stDS Mae 27,028,512, 31,751,725 


| 


ee 


142 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36°. 


VALUES—ALL FIELD CROPS AND WOOL, 


TIVASh Tike Ve Ll. 


the fourteen years, 71832-95. 


Showing by County Municipalities and 
field crops in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the 
also the value at market prices of the total clip 


A, 1896 


groups of Counties the aggregate value of all 
yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95 : 
of wool in 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for 


Counties. 


cr 


S50 @ Oe (eMels ereue  ~) | wie e's ca; (e460) Wet 6 he 
Foe) ed (0 a Seale, © 0. 8 0 <2 © le « «0 10h oe be 
eeceere ees eee te oe 


a 


eer esr re eee torsos vrevreevsese 


Haldimand . 
Welland 


Ce eOe ee eesreevreoevecen 


@' a! 6: |e) # S/\e) 0°80 0 ov 0 © 0 6 © 6.818 ole 


eres eee eee we Pe oee:s cere 
SSS Iso leh s, 6 26 6 ee, Ma « We) -e. 0 e916 ae 
<1 SP wei dt eho 6 @ 6 8.8) eae 6 6.6 6 ees 6 4) .6 


sO eee eee e ce sreeeesese 


see eer eer mreerresreeeeeesee 


DUR ee 


eee eee se ce ee wpe eer esse cee 


Sie (a wy 8! 6 Te © elie’ 9 6 © 0 Ow 6 6 6) 0 6 @0 


Wellington Se Pe ee eee) eine eee 
Waterloo . 
Dufferin 


Corer erceoernsceoerecececce 
-@eeceer ere eoececeeosecens 


eee ere eee ec eee ee ese en es 


Seis er ec s4e) bee ate le © e016 8 oo ere 
se ee ewe eee eesrse serene 


Halton 


Se  } 


S26) 210 OlbKS, Om s \0 6) a site. (88,6 O60 6, « 


eRe menere flee 6-8 = wi ele era) 8 ee 8 4) tele 


OIG Ata. ilies oe. she ee DS. 


Princess wards. 0: 1. abe cee, 
Rotalsmeatn.. = See Re BLL Mie 


Lennox and Addington 


Cer Oet) Oty cic 


ESI OBEON AG coe e wa0 52 aL ahee a oie } 


Leeds 
Grenville 
iit ye beYe EX pea nts Sane ait tr Ree 

BSOOEION Gd hy od oo sy fk sae 
ERIE NEES ag OO Me ee 
eR EACO EE ch p20 OR. on? LEY We 
Russell 
ROARLOLON fi 3 Ota hee ay oP er pile 
RRO Mr a ee ays fe sat et lee, ek 


Se soLeuni eg) 00. .4 (6 6) "6? Give) p16) by 4) B10! «.. 6 6 6 


OE W848) 818) ee) 26) '6\ 0! Gee et ele 8 6 ag ee. 


mi (Gite: 3) 0. Ve (0: © -@)p dtp ite Sle ee 6. “ualis 


Sees. dics Fe) 9..6.\0' 6. 6.0 9 0+ |¥\ § 0.0) 6| @ a wie 


NR Ce Td Dee aR ae Be a ee 
Peterborough 
Haliburton 
Hastings 

GIL ES. QC calle iy SIO wee alg 


Muskoka 
PALLY OUD La. tart cies sls ate 
Nipissing 
Algoma 

EE AOGIR scat terme ea dese osha. ey Sine: 


2:6 'e6) e's oie ¢ S\'8, 6,6 re 0: e be 


- i Mets e 61d shee whee «les € 5 


Tee RO |) se iwi wes 8 ole as te 


Gee wyelee ers Case (6. ee. «few ste 


S68 <o) 9 (00'S €:16 016 * 6.8 6 0 8 & oss 


WG oi Ge Whe is se 868 oes wg) 5 oe e ¢ she 


ed 


All field crops. 


1895. 
$ 
2,962,030 
3,903,793 
2,374,770 
1,613, 106 
1,277,238 
1,276,815 

13,409,752 


2,980,534 
4,522,554 | 
3,210,091 
10,713,179 


3,774,957 
5,411,237 
9, 186,194 


4,644, 188 
3,146,023 
1,193,420 
3,725,119 
4,138,955 | 


1,908, 763; 


1,810,746 
20,567,204 


1,072,637 


1,601,888} 


1,250,298 
1,747,921 
4,013,828 
3,369,984 
2,450,811 
2,314,638 


1,044,758. 
18,866,763. 


1,239,885. 


1,395,939 
1,468, 243 
1,148,256} 
1,455,095 
1,147,503 
1,510,224 
1,425,352 
1,027, 180 
3,090,399 
2,384,403 
2,025,295 
19,317,779 
| 


2,239,956 
1,325,258 | 

222,065. 
2,228, 461 
6,015,770 


444,624 
408,097 
180,717) 
545,816 
1,579,254 


99,655,895! 


1894, 


$ 
2,207,798 
3,198,200 
2,264,068 
1,627,834 
1,410,569 
1,305,521 
12,013,990 


2,407,840 
4,236,185 
3,485,905 
10,128,930 


4,373,243 
4,463, 205 
8,836, 448 


3,682,304 
3,064,231 
1,537,675 
3,142,179 
4,144,108 
2,195,415 
1,887,518 
19, 653, 430| 


1,141,463 
1,721,452 
1,280,067 
1,972,134 
3,885,742 
3,209,312 
2,277,878 
2,356, 312 
1,260,188 
19,105,548 


| 
| 
| 


1,452,829 
1,471,256 


1,677,250 ' 


1,059, 109 
1,098, 488} 
824,865 
1,132,159 
1,036, 109 
657,524! 
2,440,173 
1,°61,621 
1,838,494 
16,649,877 


2,147,873 
1,527,506 

191,571 
2,26,942 
6,093, 892 


447,312 
417,121 
135,707 
543,137 
1,573,277 


——— 


1882-95. 1895. | 
3 ey 
2,582,457) 18,490 
3,646, 188) 28 635| 
9,675,506! 32,524 
2,161,867, 23,616 
1,770,533} 23,009 
1,496,064} 14,219 
14,252,615} 140,493 
2,690,447| 36,395 
5,223,528] 65,466 
4,052,881] 73,5591 
11,966, 856 175, 420| 
5,074,646 97,718! 
4,873,314] 73,291 
9,947,960] 171,009 
4,827,187} 51,149 
3,607,360| 17,005 
1,868,787/ 13,813) 
3,880,118] 34.514. 
4,851,915} 64,108 
2,753,236] 22,037 
1,928,005] 23,431 
23,716,608] 226,057 
1,417,388] 12,961 
2,235,476| 19,931 
1,601,826} 16,810 
2,466,288] 21,623 
4,782,3681 39,580 
3,981,047| 34,411 
2,965,385} 26,250! 
2,802,418] 23,931, 
1,504,447 7,935 
23,756,593} 202,732 
1,702,379] 15,570 
1,767,404} 18,378 
17,028) 

3,230,924 : a eai 
1,365,354 7,274 
1,108,070 9.538 
1,301,836] 14,357 
1,258 676] 11.688 
738, 148 9,614 
2,812,619] 28/573 
2,209,7181 41,639 
2,062,503; 34,603 
19,555,631] 218,128 
2,438, 279 95,520) 
1,800,629) 18.280 
252,990 5,733 
2,820,576, 24,925 
7,312,474! 74,458 
533,021 9,438 
356,645 9,930 
62,899 1,355 
517,085! 13,942 
1,469,650! 34.665 


Wool. 
1894 
$ 

15,239 
23,162 
29,249) 
19,579 
18,443 


11,321 
116,993 


33, 147 
60,169 
150,279 


85,218 
58, 967 
144,185 


46,117 
15,519 
11,326| 
30,859 
50,451 
19,184 
19,857 

193,313 


11,363! 
16,868 | 
13,902) 
19,134! 
31,789 
29,081 
23,211 
18,835 
6,841 
171,024 


13,463 
16,294 
15,484 
8.645: 
6,673 
7,983 
10,581 
9,704 
8,431 
22,289 
39,556 
29 895 
181,998 


25,973 
16,205 

4,567 
21,423 
68, 168| 


7,349 
7,600 
865 
11,347 
27,161 


1882 95. 


$ 
15,733 
22,660 
26,478 
17,617 
19,630 
13,040 
115, 148 


29,648 
54,788 
55,903 

140,339 


77,298 
50,654 
127,952 


43,952 
19,332 
14,007 
33,695 
51,893 
22,095 
19,912 
204, 886 


10,569 
16,345 
13,828 
19,227 
31,249 
31,197 
23,753 
21,617 
8,649 
176,434 


14,109 
17,028 


30,567 


8,913 
9,098 
12,964 
10,078 
7,673 
25,942 
33,276 
31,036 
200,684 


24,047 
16,679 

3,526 
22,922 
67,174 


6,597 
4,266 
306 
6.476 
17,645 


94,055,392) 112,008,387/ 1,242,962] 1,053,721) 1,050,262 


143 


a, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


—ESS— 


VALUE PER ACRE-FALL WHEAT, SPRING WHEAT, BARLEY. 


TaBLE XVIII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the market value of crops 
per acre, of Wheat and Barley in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-95. 


Fal) wheat. | Spring wheat, Barley. 
Counties. 

1895. 1894. | 1882-95. | 1895. 1894. | 1882-95.| 1895. | 1894. | 1882-95. 
$ c. $- -@: Byte GS-1: Sec oo C. 8 c. $e. | Sr 
Pisses ts an ahi tele ee 15 73 9 52 16 20 ee 2 7 27 12 68 11 88 10 12 12S 
Keente oi. chooses te 13 68 ib ae 16 52 11 73 7 88 12 95 T3029 11 18 13 64 

URS ts eto gee see oe 32 27 41 11 16 80 10 12 8 99 io 11 68 9 76 13 24 . 
Norfolk ...... pee ee 7 14 9 57 15 06 8 59 5 55 11 83 8 85 7 82 13 12 
Haldimand............- 10 19 10 95 13 56 8 03 6 49 | 10 86 & 61 6 44 183s 
Wralland 2 bee ce 9 77 10 12 13 50 5 58 655 | 11 46 8 65 7 OL 11 97 
GYOUD Ulaaye es 24s 11 64 |: 10/60,1 15/57 | 10 25 7 21 12 07 11134 9 30 | 12 52 
Asam DLO Cee me. oe 14°35) 10°56 716.05 9 56 766! 1216 12 60 | 10 24 13 04 
Hiironts. oo ieee eas ecet 15 80 | 12 65 17 20 11 24 7 99 11 90 11 27 10 41 14 09 
PaO GS. cr hee co oe ee 13 03} 1183] 1671 | 11 45 8 60 | 11 89 | 1018 10 61 13 62 
(APoup Lees: hee 14 58 | 11°76.+ 16¢76,|° 11 12 S132 11 93 | 11 32] 10 42 13 66 
CEOS. ee sk ics Sictones fs OE TNS Fl | 12 65 16 98 19 82 8 99 12 43 9 53 | 9 84 T2eS2: 
Oiaeneee out teat k ae 19 75 12:16,} 17 35.) 12 08 8 71 | 12 841 12 60 9 92 | 13 16 
(AEOUP Seo eens wes LT 83 VR 22F 1 17 Seah 46 | 8 82 12 63 | Lin7k 9 89 13 03 
Middlesex s..o22 6h e el. 15 25 10.561 12-21 ep 8 49 | 12 39 12:40.) 10 O8.)"* 13,52 
Ontordi... 22 2G. on PTE OO C1 3a ee) Tete Oras 8 60 | 13858] 11 88 | 10 29 | . 15 20 
gC 2c 0 FE pee an Fike = aes tO 13 09 15 95 Weta Mibpetisee a ae 11 51 7 35 8 50 13 30 
Pecte ea. oe! 15 18 12 87 17 30 | 14 10 8 21 | 12 92 | 13 09 | 10 08 | 15 14 
Wallington: 0005.0. <s 12°27 13:20.) 17°36} 11 59 9143 12.75) 40°02 sy 10837 14 27 
Wisterloo tv. astet sete Lh 10 46 12 76 17 44 12 15 1149 | 12 69 9 90 10 12 15 09 
Dufferin <b) ees 14 21 WsHws' 16°8S.)2 638.) 1004 12 53 | 10 14 1L 42 { “12097 
GHOUDs dich ets sees 12 70 12°15 see i | als 9 83 12 74 10 83 10 15 14 26 
LAP ee 1192] 1095] 1510! 12081 611] 1186] 9 41 | 729] 12 65 
Wentworth. ... ......- 10 67 | 12 27 15 68 7 68 6 60 12 41 9 66 8 26 13 75 
ER BOT os co ME Wnt cae | 12 40 13 59 16 28 8 45 6 16 12 38 9 66 | (13 Be bea Sk 
Peabo Mee ot oe} 12 40 | 13 59 17 51 10 96 7 71 13 84 8 65 9 60 | 13 80 
Wai oie Meee Roan 258) ieee: 14 90 12 87 18 45 10 68 7 99 14 138 9 57 | 8 63 14 58 
Ontario .......... “16 11 (4 14'55,4 1866.) 9 B6:] 9 48 /82e|) 18 00-| 99074 1 ote Saas 
Durham ..... en ela SL che Evy 16 72 9 84 | 6 88 13 55 8 77 imate 13°32 
Northumberland ..... 14 48 10 29 16 25 2 ay 7 16 11 50 7 84 6 80 11 54 
. Prince Edward......... 14 07 8 97 14 21 § 21 7 88 11 42 8 12 8 87 MO Shh 
(YOU pe Aye ete er’ 12 87 12 21 1o 76 9 87 7 67 13.29 9 OL 8 19 ily PA 
Lennox and Addington . ihey aie ile 14 86 9 63 9 99 12 04 9 OL 9 68 11 68 
eas WY had NRO ss a | 16 58 : 11 10 8 66 | 12 76 8 97 8 59 12 30 
eeds ..... A Soh  a 2 9 \ = 10 89 8 82 > inf eOels 8 51 a 
Celis 2 a, 13°86/) 11,00 1 (4° 9 50 fe es 79 $13.22 )1 909 | 9 44 | p12 9 
Pandae ke Bee oe 19 06 10 73 17 46 | 14 38 9 27 15 43 11 23 9 64 | 15 38 
Seormont. ....c oes nee nee | 13 86 9 74 16 66 14 17 6 99 14 63 | 10 42 8 59 13 49 
Glengarry ...........-: i793 | 935 | 1538! 12151 655-| 1347] 1087| 749] 1159 
PEER ee eas 17 67 | 1100] It 47 12 84 B44 1S 1% 11 11 7 29 12 64 
fee hee Ot ce et A 19 61 | 11 00 16 8L 12 91 5 33} 14 15 12 86 5 75 11 99 
Oaviaton ote ace le ee 22 it 00 14 64 12 42 7 88 14 77 11 39 7 86 14 42 
Bionfrew of) 4 oes cae 14 35 11 88 16 89 11 45 7 60 13 62 8 65 7 74 11 79 
Lanark ..... WN gate a Ret 17.638. )° EL GE} 16 9k a Oak Seer 127713 tee OF: 9°44.) TRESS 
Gronp ster sees eaee 15 24 10 92 16 02 11 69 hs 13 62 10 04 | 8 67 12 56 
Wictorla eC ear te 15 52 11 05 Lied 10 32 8 88 12 55 | 10 18 9 52 12 89 
Peterborvugh.........4% 12 82 11 50 16 36 7 26 fan 11 14 7 76 8 26 12 4h 
Haliburton see eee Toes 7 43 L377 8 38 5 61 10 80 8 61 8 22 1L 97 
Fiagetings oss sae natal 12 75 10 40 | 15 88 9 63 8 10 12 65 8 20 8 18 11 96 
GEOUD (sig « oo strate ore 13 37 10 87 16 36 8 99 8 1l 12 O4 9 11 8 95 12 41 
Muskoka $0. J. nace 10 40 6 44 14 84 9 40 849 Apel ees 8 77 7 82 | 10 36 
ParryiSound 2... 2. .2% 13 37 03 12 74 9 84 6 83 13 35 9 33 8 02 To 
Nipissing. wei tae sce se 13 86 625) 1150] 14 38 6 55 | 11 62 9 94 § 08 9 77 
ARSON Ars ase elahecw'sikiare a 14 48 97 17 41 11 38 7 83 16 22 10 18 8 51 12 43 
Crroup jsenadece ss ae 14 29 9 30 | 16 69 | 11 30 7 68 | 15 20 | 9 48 8 04 11 30 
The Province.........:- 13 20 | 11 66 | 16 60 | 10 82 S213 12 96 | 10732 9 15 | 1322 


—- 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUE PER ACRE—OATS, RYE AND PEAS, 


TaBLE XIX. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the market value of crops per 
acre of Oats, Rye and Peas in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the 
fourteen years 1882-95. 


Oats. Rye. Peas. 
Counties, 

1895. 1894. | 1882-95.) 1895. 1894. | 1882-95.| 1895. 1894, | 1882-95 

8 c. $c $ c $ c $c | $ c. $ c. $c $ c 

HUSSOX tiie al ye Ms che ie ee as 13 27 10 69 12 68 9 21 8 18 10 43 2 49 tae 11 31 
DT eee bee eae ee eae 12 45 11 86 13 42 9 03 7 96 10 84 10 36 9 22 11 22 
MMlpine ys cae hr. ee aes « 36 10 80 10 O1 12 53 8 39 7 07 9 30 10 30 8 09 10 66 
INOrIOUK shes iis hsh es ola 8 85 6 68 | 10 59 5 70 5 79 7 67 8 44 6 32 | 10 74 
Haldimand ......... 9°95 7 55 10 53 6 38 5 88 9 04 8 77 6 65 10 00 
VVOLIGIIG (loci ds sixty sia 5 stax 10 48 6 90 10 29 7 16 7 03 8 82| 910 7 83 9 81 
Group.. neat fonia Ba ey Shay, 11 90 6 96 6 64 8 49 9 36 7 28 10 57 

| 
TiamM bcos | los ss soa es 12 80 11 18 12 15 9 85 8 09 9 44 10 41 9 27 10 87 
STOP Foes. sus eo htae | 11 49 10 63 12 71 | 8 16 9 81 9599 12 88 10 61 13 28 
IDYUCO Ss cet tis cree ee Lee 9 98 9 73 11 31 7 25 8 27 9 91 12 44 10 67 13 48 
Group.........++ “|-1131| 1043] 1211! 860| 868] 9 80 | 32 44| 10 54 | 13 12 
AFEOV A ie tir oe eet 9 22 9 67 | 11 07 | 6 61 6 63 9 45 | 10 58 | 1061 | 12 63 
Sinveoe hs. 54 dG oe 12 02; 1038); 1191 93 6 72 9 87 | 12 66 | 10 93 | 12 94 
Groupe As ¥ sense | 10 44 Oro7 a 11.42 7 73 6 70 979| 1166! 1078 | 12 77 
Middlesexwes5- tee 12 45 9 06 12 75 8 85 8 31 9 58 12 88 | + is W ¢ | 11 52 
Oxford's s.r. ie. 12 02 10 41 13.13 7 43 mol 8 6S 12 44 9 49 12 24 
BrAnee sh se ee te fo 9 14 5.00 Mell Se: 6 89 7 69 8 04 8 22 7 02 11 04 
Bertin. \es.at aise a ods 12 92 995 | 13 86| 1072 10 52 933 | 1507} 1018] 13 32 
Wellincton yee 124524. 10 30; 10138) 12 54 TAL 6 98 946 | 12 44 981] 1313 
WianterloGiras ae. s4 sees 9 75 942 | 12 56 (ewal 8 75 9569 | 11 73 965 | 13 20 
AFUE ORANY bohess4 oo ghee othe 9 75 10 53 11 77 9 26 6 85 9 90 10 14; 11 42 12 26 
Groups ees roses one 11 24 9 83 | 12 79 7 98 7 96 908 | 12 21 968 | 12 58 
ASINCOLN ore. hk tele es 9 31 7 61 10 90 8 12 7 29 8 77 9 59 7 56 | 10 42 
Wentworth ............ 10 62 & 07 | 12 05 8 30 7 25 9 43 9 54 745 | 11 47 
FEaltona sec). 5 fits ee oes 10 10 8 32 | 12 00 7 89 6 50 9 43 | 11 62 713 | 12 26 
Beelte. otis re ine dency 9 72 979 | 12 65 6 48 7 34 | 1096] 10 36 7 66>) 11593 
BVIOE td, Sail os ciate Gee Sos 10 71 | 1026] 13 46 8 30 7 Sl 973! 12 22 8 68 | 12 84 
SVAEATION he .& opine Gee aes 10 65 SU Slaw ae ie 7 52 7 65 9 70 9 04 8 562 | 11 97 
PWOTHAM A cee. iG ih den 1010| 8 35 11 86 6 34 6 10 8 41 9 32 9 27 11 54 
Northumberland........ 8 53 782} 1001 6 06 5 92 7 51 7 45 976] 10 40 
Prince Edward ......... 8 18 lei 9 43 6 89 6 41 8 00 7 84 11 26 10 49 
ZrOuDs war” bas ain des 10 05 8 91 | 12 12 6 83 640| 8 31 9°57 8 90 | 11 64 
Lennox and Addington . 7 65 8 90 | 9 60 6 61 | 6 98 8 56 9 04 9 22 | 10 79 
Houten RA ie ae i- 8 24 8 A 9: 77, he 6G; ae 6 i 9 66 8 66 9 af | 10 81 
COGS Riek scale «ace Pore ay 7 42 8 7 34 6 8 88 97% 

Gtatvilles ti hn 792| 847 }10 51/1 698 | 7 78 }10 29 { 981] 992 }u 39 
Dandastioy sis: xo alert. 10 OL 8 90 | 1199 | 10 40 8 49} 1307 | 1249] 1013; 1310 
MUGEIMOUE US sos tiene a ots aah 9 69 7 95 11 66 5 47 7 Ol 11 88 11 34 10 02 12 08 
Glengarry ...........+: 10 O01 6 84; 1082] 12 08 6 63 9 42 | 10 36 6 65 | 10 51 
Hrescothtsn ea. 22 24) «g's 10 O1 Be Onl 10) 39" tam sas. 6 63 | 10 20; 1118 5 79 | LO 04 
PRUISGOL Pius 8 e's ale. 6 ald ara 11 49 yen 10 90 9 80 6 19 11 43 11 62 8 42 11 51 
@arletonys 725.553 oes ee 10 62 8 65 | 11 96 7 84 765 | 1041 | 12 33 8 42, 12 74 
RLOMITO Wigs sieliieles afr sni9 9 08 748} 10 85 8 03 6 85 | 10 62 9 37 9 81 | 12 02 
PSATATEK) Gatien & aida obi oes 10 33 8 75 10 89 8 21 6 90 11 16 9 86 10 72 12 45 
(STOOD) sisi lower 23 9 38 8 01! 10 92 7 65 706 | 10 31 9 84 9 38 | 11 62 
INDCUOTING Scie cu sc-cise ne nes 10 59 8 65 11 34 5 65 6 19 9 38 9 10 9 65 11 91 
Peterborough .... ..... 7 45 8 65 10 39 6 48 5 92 8 52 7 61 10 34 1i 33 
Flaliburton. 4% j.20s22cs0l, f 94 ara! 9 20 6 52 5 30 9 43 8 49 6 97 | 10 62 
FARSGITIOS ka kin Ps ox 7 83 8 59 9 94 6 57 7 29 8 89 8 71 10 13 10 71 
EATOUDE o-0 oars soa arxe 8 78 8 53 10 52 6 44 6 84 8 86 8 46 9 93 | 11 27 
PIUSKOKRE ec ess cs ft. 9 14 vedio | 9 97 8 34 676 | 1064] 1107) 1029) 1212 
Parry Sounds. lva.ia- 026s 8 38 8 25 9 95 7 62 720. ol2 28.0) 11.621) 11 26) 512048 
Nipissing Ai ass vlnut <0 00 2 9 84 708} 1012 6 61 6 63 | 1005 | 11 89 750 | 1114 
AISOMS was ger «.ch0 eax Jie 9 49 989 | 1153] 1012 | 8 84 | 10°23) 22-7719 11°68 14. 90 
TOUDr deta vins Gane 8 9 06 8 28 | 10 38 8 79 7.29 | 1107] 12086| 1079) 13 44 
The Province....... 10 39 9 23 | 11 76 7 20 | 6 80 | 9 14 | 10 66 | 9 57 | 12 05 


10 BI, (18) 145 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


VALUES PER ACRE-CORN, BUCKWHEAT AND BEANS: 


TaBLE XX. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the market value of crops per 
acre of Corn (for husking and silo and the average for the two) Buckwheat and Beans in Ontario in the 
years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average for the fourteen years 1882-95, 


Corn. 


Buckwheat. Beans. 
‘ Average. 


1895, | 1894. | 1882-95.] 1895. | 1894. | 1882-95.| 1895. 


a et el El 


1894. | 1882-95. 


$c 2S ¢.[ Roec: mec Fe 6G. 2S Conc. $c| $e. : 
USGOX do. bag A ee oe .-. | 21 47} 8 50) 21.12) 15 28 20518) 7. fo) 0 0". 8 35} 18 18.13 14 20 08 
Rent pee tees 20 79| 14 42] 20 49) 15 62 19 91] 7 40} 6 70 7 93} 20 36, 13 80 18 15 
Mp in ge. <tc oes ohne, « 19 66] 18 04] 19 46} 18 29 OSG ames lmeie 7 96) 19 41| 19 10 20 32 
Nortolk> fngiiae nt ee 18 31} 21 10) 18 78] 14 71 17 76) 7 47| 6 47 7 32| 17 61| 15 46 17 96 
Haldimand............ 17 63} 20 62} 18 98] 11 93 16 83] 8 83) 5 02 6 82} 12 73 18 99 18 14 
Wieland iis. .n cine 3.3 17 63] 18 90! 17 82} 15 90 17 44; 7 03) 5 49 7 25) 15 53! 15 90 15 33 
(Groupee 6 <a 20 24| 18 03| 20 03} 15 78 19 47, 7 50} 6 26 7 51| 19 96} 14 46 18 29 
iambton ¢ emt. cek sci | 19 44] 21 78 19 78} 16 46 17 58, 7 25] 6 94 7 36} 19 22} 16 89 i irpestte. 
FiGiton forty pe ee suis 14 69] 27 44) 23 30) 16 70 19 74 7 43} 6 86 7 77| 18 18| 22 52 23 84 
Broucetc occ c ec eet en. 12 88] 21 48| 20 33} 16 11 T7293 i 791 30 7 34) 17 52} 20 20 19 00 
Group a. gee eee - 18 67| 24 12) 20 67| 16 46 18 04! 7 44] 6 85 7 46] 19 03| 17 50 18 85 
GYGY ears onwans hee ae 11 98} 24 90) 22 87} 16 29 17 50) 7 03} 6 51 7 18] 18 37] 16 56 19 31 
Simcoe Yano. oss hes 15 82} 28 00! 22 08) 19 54 20 00, 8 87| 7 48 7 87| 20 17} 16 89 19 29 
Groupee tis ee 14 78] 25 98} 22 50) 18 02! 18 80, 8 48) 7 35 7 65| 19 48) 16 71 19 30 
Midjlesex ic. seen 2 18 53] 25 48! 20 34) 18 39) 19 24; 8 10} 9 80 7 88; 20 74| 19 54 191p2 
OTOTO ears eat 15 59] 21 96] 18 08} 17 31! 18 03] 7 69} 658 7 12) 17 52| 23 18 23 82 
(Bran tities. 2.06 oe 16 27| 20 66) 17 72| 19 12 19 08} 5 26] 6 66 6 99, 14 49; 13 80 17.03 
Perehione «min cco t ae gas 15 37| 23 26, 22 10) 20 08 20 35| 7 36) 8 82 8 82} 18 94} 23 73 24 03. 
Wellington............ 15 82} 23 86) 23 13] 17 51 19 89} 10 12; 4 438 8 77| 21 31| 19 32 18 05 
Waterloo.............. 14 92) 19 90, 18 16} 17 18 18 85! 5 34| 7 84 6 92} 23 68; 14 90 18 78 
OTTerIN Peet) ee cess. oe 15 37| 24 00| 21 34] 19 61 16 92! 9 20] 4 70 7 84] 18 94| 22 08 20 86 
Crouprace tae 17 17) 23 08] 19 67| 18 i 18 91) 7 45) 7 a 7 50; 20 01) 20 26 19 86 
PN COM trite itteisie os eke 16 72| 20 34] 17 40] 14 65 7 (Di 5 lela vo 7 86] 15 06) 18 77 19 44 
Wentworth............ 14 O01] 21 78} 18 32) 16 47 20 13) 6 15) 6 43 7 97| 18 94| 17 66 21 64 
EL BICON: wes ics ee tes 18 53) 23 40; 22 03] 18 21 TO OB fone Od 6 95) 18 94| 16 56 18 50 
TGC) Tekst epee et. 12 43) 24 00} 21 73} 21 39 19 67; 8 46] 7 84 6 -961°28°68) tae ee 24 70 
Bay Se he ape: AP eR 18 33] 24 56] 22 38} 16 32 18 72 9 31) 8 82 8 65} 15 8)| 24 84 22 70 
OUEATIO © Rison. cic aes 17 63) 24 36] 21 40} 18 46 17 77| 8 50} 6 98 8 38] 18 28) 18 44 PAD als: 
Durham 6.20. 4.7 hoe. s 15 59| 26 28] 20 74' 15 76 16 66' 8 02| 7 25 8 33} 17 99} 19 21 19737, 
Northumberland ...... 14 01] 21 34] 17 58] 15 12 16 14| 6 40) 7 37 8 00} 18 18) 16 67 19 26 
Prince Edward. ...... 16 50] 21 60} 18 05) 14 01 14 40} 5 74! 5 76 7 92) 10 99: 19 87 20 47 
(GTOUD i. cchie oe bok 6 15 73) 23 09] 19 40} 15 99 17 32) 7 00} 6 95 8 05} 16 69| 18 44 20 07 
Lennox and Addington.| 16 72| 24 00! 19 72) 17 23) 16 82) 8 02) 5 88 8 a 23 68] 22 08) 23 51 
Seis iN ele eee sishe a ts in 2 e a “a a 16, 97)4 718i) 7% 25 8 75] 13 738 Ye 32 25 39 
COB at Netavepianeieve ava a nek vi 4 41 18 8 8 50} 8 35)) 14 87| 18 44 
Grenville, 4 te 22 83] 26 22| 24 24] 19 18 \ 19 37 18 o2| 6 sels & 16\ 44 09] 16 56 } cle’ 
POUINOSS Hite aes ae eae oe 19 89} 30 26) 25 20) 19 87 20 63| 8 46) 7 49 9 96] 19 98| 18 11 25 20: 
Stormont... ..... ....-. 16 05) 28 80; 20 87| 22 66 20 08| 8 83] 8 23 9 20) 19 89| 18 22 26 99 
Glengarrys. a. ct «Bone 15 59} 28 30, 23 71) 20 43 20 25] 9 42) 6 15 8 29] 17 62) 13 25 21 04 
MTesCott hy vi ae ote & 20 79| 28 40 23 57| 17 15 18 88} 8 24| 7 06 7 771 18 18| 15 90; (27 38 
isselle tice. pee emer 2 12 66, 26 36 19 49} 21 87 20 76) 9 538) 7 84 9 07| 23 68] 15 46 21 42 
Carleton eae eae eae 15 82 26 54'°23 78) 17 79 1S ilo Oct leG 0G 8 36} 21 21| 21 64 23 43 
Henirew ounces pao 11 53] 25 78) 21 141 15 81! 17 36) 7 54| 6 51 8 171 15 34| 18 99 22 52 
TGANSEK gee ahs s oneal ate 17 40] 30 24] 26 04} 19 54 18 82) (9°85! 6 AZ 8 16' 19 51| 20 64 25 82 
CTOUDIEAR ss ernesa 17 29] 26 92} 22 04] 18 85 18 94] 8 48} 6 90 8 a 18 39} 18 71 23 94 
WACEOTIO be eae ne eters 11 98} 22 80 19 78] 15 38 17, 85) 17 (99) 6:55 7 40, 18 07) 12 70 17 65 
Peterborough.......... 10 62] 23 76} 20 28) 14 94 TZ. 3) 47 2621096 170 7 -79| 9 94 16 56 17, 10 
Haliburton.,.......... 9 04| 24 00! 11 45] 10 531 14 14) 7 43) 5 21| © 7 25] 12 97; 11 59 18 63 
Hastingsi.2sc2es. tennis 14 01] 21 92) 17:77) 14 66 15 79| 6 81} 6 &9 8 20,19 70 15 0 20 01 
GTOUP ss nge ect eee 18 57} 22 34] 18 16! 14 71 16 03} 7 29) 6 56 7 92) 15 98] 15 02 18 87 
MUSKOKA Woe onamup hehe er 14 O01} 12 00} 18 38] 13 36 11 63) 7 80, 6 66 9 47| 9 47| 22 08 19 22 
Parry Sound .4.....05: 9 04} 20 00} 13 38} 10 79 12 Josette) 170 7 95] 11 36] 22 08 19482 
Nipissing.............. 10 85} 16 00} 12 82, 10 44 12 52} 8 61] 7 84 8 42} 14 21] 22 08 20 45 
Algoma esis 2 oie ares 11 30] 18 00) 15 24| 14 10 14 03} 7 99) 7 84 9 01} 18 94| 16 56 21 95 
GTOUD 4, acew erin 11 88} 16 44) 13 70 12 50 12 28; 8 40; 7 07 8 96} 13 41| 20 54 20 07 
The Province...... 18 52} 23 69] 20 23) 16 76 LS ay Oia oe 6 84 8 07| 19 45) 15 41 19 10 


146 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896. 


VALUE PER ACKE—POTATOES, MANGELWURZELS AND CARROTS. 
TABLE XXI. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the market value per acre of 


Potatoes, Mangel-Wurzels and Carrots in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly average 
for the fourteen years 1882-95. 


pS 


Potatoes. Mangel-Wurzels. | Carrots. 
Counties. | 
1895. | 1894. | 1882-95.| 1895. | 1894. | 1882-95.) 1895. | 1894. | 1882-95. 
$c] $c. S$ c:|  $*e.) .$i.c. S Ye.) $c.) 7 $e. $ c. 
Essex ...... nf: OPE HIE ecsah esiiivcirmese 23 63) 19 72 39 63) 35 44! 28 00 32 68] 45 00) 28 63 34 25 
Wentee.. oe: SOLED eR ahs Bb eet bia shes 29 49) 25 45 50 42] 38 72] 37 20 34 21) 49 25) 39 A 38 84 
ISA ye ose Ones a. co's c ale mek anioons 29 69) 30 55 41 23] 38 72} 42 00 35 53) 47 00] 57 00 44 09 
Worlot keer an 1. te alte cu eeanre ake 27 07| 28 39 43 35] 41 12} 30 2 33 09] 43 00] 37 38]. 37 62 
Haldimand ote 60, CUO ieaiese meee 24 64! 23 19 43 16] 24 80! 20 32 26 03} 30 13; 26 63 32 09 
Weoallands: e716. 33 0.5. TER Re AG 24 85| 27 93 39 27) 33 44) 20 88 Sor 211.42) 88\ 27, Fo 36 33 
Group on. 6. . ma 0 See ee ae 26 94] 26 23 43 11] 36 87| 33 70 83 04] 44 21] 42 05 38 27 
LIAISON TS feck pate. oa 31 51] 23 86 39 80} 44 08) 28 64 33 46] 54 38] 46 38 39 53 
TRGrOn ee ees bs cae le ee een 33 53) 40 43 52 39) 41 52) 39 12 38 02} 45 88] 45 38 47 85 
BruGet sere ene deca os ee eee epee 29 90) 34 55 48 66) 33 20} 34 96 34 16} 33 50) 42 88 42 32 
CS POUPS. ¢ anieh teak wie es any ee res 31 68! 34 13 47 98} 40 58} 86 638 36 54] 44 55] 44 93 44 27 
GEOY oes vo cna ce toe bata tee ee ae 30 91} 35 68 52 68} 30 40! 26 64 33 68] 38 50} 35 88 44 8& 
PIECE re ee ae raat a eet ietteces 39 59) 35 82 52 03| 38 80} 35 28 33 56] 44 38} 49 38 45 50 
Grou Pai: She ca tee eG 35 99} 35 77 52 34] 34 71] 32 32 33 61) 42 06] 43 38 45) 21 
Maidtedex 220. foie oe nk Cre sc 35 35| 33 74 44 44) 42 16) 31 84 35 41] 54 63] 40 25 42 53 
ONford kt ee Boe ssl ec ee 31 71] 36 21 46 21} 40 00] 39 20 38 21| 45 75) 48 13 49 86 
IBrante. Sao ee eas tums eee. 25 45) 34 44 45 75| 32 32| 46 64 39 26] 44 88] 58 75 51 29 
IPGrthih. Sate ee a as oe ee ene, 38 18] 38 69 48 66) 40 96; 32 56 37 16] 43 38) 33 13 47 25 
NVSLID LONG ere eer see cree ee ons 35 75) 47 26 53 13] 36 48) 33 76 36 02] 43 88} 40 00 43 25 
WV aterloOie ects ao eee ee re ones 31 51] 32 92 50 65} 30 96} 34 96, 34 93] 48 50) 44 00 51 15 
Li ilerin sere: Aire ie eet male ek 31 51} 46 34 57 26] 41 68) 29 68! 34 16] 37 50] 37 50 41 68 
ESPON Direc Grtuin he ea ore) matic 0% me 2 33 69} 39 20 49 54] 39 Fl 34 76! 36 69} 47 98) 41 76 46 48 
incoln eee oe ele ec aaa es 25 25| 29 17 40 15] 34 64] 28 wl 31 95) 32 63) 26 25 38 5D- 
Weneworth os. ....2:00.. i, BAER Sess ie 25 45) 31 51 48 39] 41 52) 34 56 38 81] 49 50} 49 38 47 60 
a GONG eects ccc ee a ee ee rhe 80 30) 33 18 45 95} 33 28) 31 76, 36 38; 43 75| 46 38 48 45 
POC) me er ae ciel re osteo ieya eo eetes ahaha in 28 89, 32 57 43 06] 37 36; 28 40, 32 a 43 50} 36 75 42 57 
VOT Kaa ee cele art oc Sata es Ie a 35 35 34 55 44 61| 34 08 33 68 35 93] 43 63] 48 88 50 12 
OnGant Once dl cots as eR See eee oat Bh) (a). 8b) 24 50 24| 37 44 34 32 36 46] 45 75] 46 25 48 28 
Darhams ee oot: ee eee See eles e 31 92] 37 59 52 84] 33 84 28 40 35 73| 47 13] 45 00 47 58 
INorthamberlandit.o.. o-40 5 sce ese. 28 08} 33 28 46 41| 35 52) 32 64 34 66) 38 25) 38 62 42 35 
Brince Bid ward acres. cite cee 24 04! 30 30 38 79} 32 00} 30 40, 24 53} 43 75] 29 50 29 31 
VOUT ooo ac ane eG ree 30 89] 33 32 46 13) 35 57| 32 a 35 34| 42 61] 42 44 46 26 
Lennox and Addington ............ 30 30; 38 94 47 34| 27 441 22 00! 27 47) 32 50} 31 25 35 97 
Pronienes A Sia AE pra A te nite AR ae amt Ba ea et 07} 41 95 43 62) 28 72) 29 52 28 99) 32 38] 41 63 33 82 
ROUSE See ric eee ele 5 cde e 73] 40 O41) 4c 34 32| 25 76) | 44 50 31 00 Ac 
ESCHER sn ee a io uel 49 rl f 49 97188 tal se ool f 82.094 45 zal 46 ool p 40 24 
NDUNGAS Aten ee cio ee a ie eae ae 36 97| 51 05 57 64! 38 96| 34 00 34 49] 49 63) 42 63 48 65 
SSOKMONG ee ers estes oeela teers re cee 31 51! 41 88] . 49 85! 31 04) 24 80 29 05} 39 63] 33 138 37:19 
SATAN AITY i. 6 aie betas cau 1 a poate 31 51} 35 58 46 45) 41 44] 28 64 31 26} 51 00] 36 63 ott, 
BTESCOLE Min ieee ts oak ete es 37 57! 3L 06 51 41] 31 68] 21 84! 28 91] 45 38] 27 38 SOR 
RISB OLE Sate he cee hie ad we oe wae 36 971 42 69! 45 11] 31 36] 42 00 31 45) 53 88! 52 50 49 54 
GW arletoniown aisle slstie o's haies, dete fee cae | 30 30] 44 57 53 24’ 30 56] 28 88) 29 73} 41 00; 33 63 40 28 
IRGNTVOW) he eis hoe Ss bcos Vata 29 49] 48 65 61 75' 33 68] 40 00 30 28] 41 25) 46 63 38 78 
MGA ST Kea eae, Fee acl ee eco ee le hae As 38 78] 47 19 59 40| 38 24} 28 88 32 44| 47 00, 40 25 42 65 
SPOUTS aes ied a eieare bat oe na 4 ae 33 15) 42 62 51 66] 32 90! 29 21 30 56} 44 33| 38 58 39 99 
PV ECUOTINH Res oes cate we Ces oe ALS nok Gar eee 37 37| 34 83 54 48] 36 56] 31 36 57 41} 40 13} 46 00 45 98 
WECOPDOTOUR I cco sscs ss caues yes take « 32 93 34 27 50 22) 32 56} 28 48 30 53} 47 88] 39 138 42 89 
PERM IrCON foes eee e Ces ook ane y 38 38] 31 36 56 98! 25 68] 20 00 27 20, 31 25) 30 00 35 58 
A COTES se Oe ae te ay 27 67| 35 40 50 17 32 88} 32 00 28 77) 37 50, 38 25 36 63 
Se LOD mee eat areis sealed Sider cis oom ¢ 31 98} 34 76 51 66 34 54! 30 85 33 10] 40 a 41 51 42 15 
SHOR W Be Pel ate Ss Shei ks eek eee 28 89) 38 44 57 OL] 23 52) 22 00 21 94! 35 38] 33 75 SON te 
PATSY OUNCE rss eee ee sy ley ae bee ws 37 57| 47 54 62 63} 24 00} 34 00 26 438) 35 38] 43 75 35 78 
INPDISSING Vo. Oe None ee de atone ents 36 56 35 40 53 13] 29 36) 32 00 35: 50) 31 25) 31 25 29 33 
AIVOMS See dae ere nee Me hele dx sai 32 93] 51 08} 70 67| 24 00) 86 00 26 11) 39 13} 28 13 Domoe 
GhOU ae at ay ee et eee a vie Paes 33 67) 44 53 61 90) 24 55) 29 62 24 12] 36 39) 35 60 35 00 
TPHeL Ee LOVILCGs 4c oe eek oe ee cclete's 32 aa 36 33 49 24! 37 ea 33 4] 35 1 44 04} 41 53 43 76 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


— 


VALUE PER ACRE-TURNIPS, HAY AND ALL FIELD CROPS. 


1 apLE XXII. Showing by County Municipalities and groups of Counties the market value per acre 
of Turnips, Hay and Clover and all field crops in Ontario in the years 1894 and 1895, with the yearly 
average for the fourteen years 1882-95. : 


Turnips. | Hay and Clover. | All field crops. 
Counties, J 

1895. 1894. | 1882-95.| 1895. 1894. | 1882-95.) 1895. 1894. | 1882-95. 
$c CP iee ee kets $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ Cc. 
LOE T TC: eit Wak eee Meee ane 39 70 20 40 28 31 13 16 12 55 15 52 16 09 12 42 16 38 
PRBTG teers cicie ate sieges ahigee or 36 20 32 60 34 51 11 69 11 79 15 08 15 49 12 82 16 45 
Pal prim aycaiors teen e Sree A 4210] 41 40] 37 45 7 38 9 68 | 14 51 | 12 43 | 1202) 15 43 
Norfolk 200. eo) sitions 39 50 | 4070} 38 78 4°31 | 910.13 | 012 92:1. 9584)7) 10-01 | tear 
Haldimand ().:5. 0%. . 2 129-30 21 70 29 38 5 54 10 18 12 13 8 73 9 39 12 28 
Wrellatid Bey Nicaea tiem ce 33 10 28 10 33 65 8 73 11 87 13 20 10 62 10 98 13 33 
Group?! h. oes Sa... 28 38 60 | 3695 | 36 14 ) 855! 1100; 13 87] 1268) 11 47 | 44.62 
Tiamibt0m jac, been cae 47 50 | 36 80, 34 33 8 24 983 | 1403; 1802 | 1147 | 14 43 
Parone en eee te als 40 30 | 39 80 | 40 85 6 03 9538 | 18 45 ;° 1219; 1196] 15 27 
BEIGE otek Soe sate ae 38 30 | 42 70| 41 69 4 55 915 | 1210| 1037] 11 26); 14 21 
Groups jitiatde ney cts 39 55 | 4109 | 41 05 6 03 946] 1310] 1178] 1160] 14 70 
Grey font as Bar fe 38 80 42 50 41 27 4 31 8 77 12 02 9 59 11 23 13 87 
SIMCOE, ra ees ele clels sie 50 00 50 60 | 44 03 10 21 10 43 13 10 14 25 12 10 14 94 
Group, dew ene dare oes 43 05 | 45 20] 42 11 6 71 9 44 | 1245 | 11 88| 1165] 14 37 
Middlesex... i. h..'.- 2. 42 30 | 3800] 38 33 8731 1036| 1493; 18 85] 1139] 15 56 
Oxtardei Ce ee css 46 70 | 438 70 | 44 93 8 86 | 1126 | 1527 | 1332] 1309] 16 30 
ESPANG 2. fee ee ote = one 40 01 49 10 45 80 4 67 10 58 14 03 9 83 12 54 15 43 
POrtlyise ING eee. ois bee 44 80 | 3500 | 40 67 726! 1074; 1482| 13 48} 1209, 1611 
Wellingtor Vrersiie aa see 40 70 43 60 43 89 7 26 10 21 14 51 12 06 12 73 16 04 
Waterloo eds) der. eee 83 70 |+ 37.30 | 41 00 5 41! 1149] 1473] 1068] 12 23 | 16 26 
Au fferin Meh tow shares we 48 10 46 50 42 48 6 64 10 13 12 96 11 29 12 61 14 53 
(TOUS cules choruses 42 11 | 42 04 42 99 7 40 10 62 14 62 12 45 12 33 15 83 
Lancoln®. .ssseaees ewes es 31 90; 3140) 35 18 7 63.112 25 | 18.26 | 10 47 | 11:19 | eisece 
Wentworth See). 2 aie 40 70 40 70 46 30 5 54 11 26 14 04 11 02 11 82 15 51 
Plalton Wie siete Miesee 37 70 | 4190 | 44 05 6 27 1187 |, 218 BL 122 ae aa 
Pee Tee ee vc mkeres Sew arts 37 50 41 40 40 11 5 17 11 42 ey 10 25 11 62 14 85 
VOLK 26 2 Ae lee eee os 40 80 | 4710] 41 80 8 86 | 1187] 1368); 1257] 1207| 15 64 
Ontarionecs cae swhisisstls 43 40 43 40 43 46 9 84 12 40 | 13 96 12 84 12 26 15 86 
IDuriamyos. eee. wee ee 48 70 | 42 40 45 33 8 86 10 74 13 41 Leg 10 53 | 14 42 
Northumberland........ 41 20 40 80 41 18 8 24 10 05 2 17% 10 14 10 38 12 68 
Prince Edward ........ 42 50 33 20 | 28 47 4 43 9 22 12 34 8 32 9 59 11 50 
COUP s foes Gaye ee 42 58 42 91 43 30 7 64 11 34 13 35 11 25 11 34 14 53 
Lennox and Addington 2420 | 1260} 24 85 | 6 52 8 92} 11 74 8 80} 1005 | 1217 
Ges NTE ee PEE : 36 30 81 8 98 9 bs 11 98 ; He 10 47 ) 12 55 

iOOdRy lili tans Beware ..| 41 40 30 6 7 50 9 7 10,97 «ha 
RAI oe ae ee 42 50 | 41 90 37 AL { 947' 900 bie 63 {ii 33 | 1116 |y 23 9 
DD UNGAS shen Seber ee eee 49 50 40 90 36 25 17 96 11 34 15 61 16 00 11 90 15 58 
SILOTINONGsy seta ee) ceie eee 32 00 31 50 28 45 16 11 10 21 15 15 14 37 10 86 14 79 
(rlemparry < 622. Fa. Uae ole 51 00 | 41 90 42 12 17 47 12 85 15 62 15 19 10 87 14 29 
PEBSCObE es cen a eile vise clone 55 80 28 50 38 17 15 50 12 63 14 80 14 35 10 32 | 13 92 
Russell the). he. Poet eee 4270 | 46 30| 4817] 2116| 1179] 1450; 1740); 1100] 14 14 
Carleton Ov. ion tale test 39 10 37 80 37 15 18 45 12 63 14 21 15 16 bi ¢) 14 88 
Hentlrow-n lee 0.) ne & 48 30 | 3140] 3532] 1488] 1074] 1124] 1258] 1013] 12 91 
fa park igh fate sh of me cle 48 10 | 3800 | 38 76| 1279) 1126 | 1333| 1297 | 11 27] 13871 
Group diac Wee <6. oe 42 77 36 38 36 58 13 34 10 85 13 28 12 78 10 89 13 68 
VicbOtineess cease atlwes 39 00 | 39 40 | 39 53 9.72} 110.05.) 411/70)" 11.69) 0570 |e 1s c6E 
Peterborough .......... 4470 | 39 30| 39 84 4 92 907 | 1071 873} 10 26| 12 46 
Haliburton iio: aaa stele ( 25 50 22 90 28 28 7 75 7 64 10 22 9 41 7 81 11 87 
Hastingeyiits ves. ae eee. 46 30 38 10 34 35 7 26 8 47 11 82 9569 10 03 12 66 
Groups feet Meiers ve 41 55 38 57 38 25 7 43 8 95; 11 41 10 08 10 22 12 88 
Moaskolka leh. Girc.2 eties s « 30 50 | 33 30 | 32 05 898 | 1018 | 1196 | 1035 | 1067 | 138 58 
Parry Sound’.:......... 3710 | 3020) 31 55 7 13 968 | 1079] 1003] 11 21| 138 38 
Nipissing Tels. ihn tries 35 00 40 00 34 00 14 76 11 34 12 16 14 49 10 74 13 98 
POW Erb se etere'oy.e 38 30 35 80 35 61 9 47 10 21 12 44 11 49 11 75 15 28 
rOUp, tw ees bees oe 35 55 33 35 32 82 9 09 10 11 | 11 79 | 10°99 TT18 14 07 
The Province .. ... 41 83 | 4178 | 41 82 8 97 | 10 49 | 13 35 | 11 98 | 11 43 | 14 54 

| 


ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE 


pte Oe TN DUST Res 


FGR THE 


PROVINCE. 0: Be ONT AskeLO 
1895. 


PART IV. LOAN AND INVESTMENT COMPANIES. 
PART V. CHATTEL MORTGAGES. 


(PUBLISHED BY THE ONTARIC DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULIURE, TORONT ©. 


PRIMLE Dw V2ORDER.“OF SPREE 


[eer ALY Pa Ao OR NEB EVO Ts@ NAR IOS 


TOMI IES 
W ARWICK BRO’S & KUTTER, Printers, Etc., 68 AND 70 Front STREET WEST. 
1896. 


FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE 


men eA On: tNOUST RIES 


TeAthvalecmlavip AN cL) eV 


ISQo. 


To tue HONORABLE THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE : 


Srr,—I have the honor to present herewith Parts 1v and v of the fourteenth annual 
report of the Bureau of Industries, being a statement of the affairs of Loan and Invest- 
ment Companies, and a return by Oounty Court Clerks of Chattel Mortgages on record in 


Ontario for the year ending December 31, 1895. 


I have the honor to be, Sir, 


Your obedient servant, 


C. C. JAMES, 
Secretary. 


Toronto, June l, 1896. 


|e seal ad Dod GAYA 


LOAN AND INVESTMENT COMPANIES UF ONTARIO 


1895. 


STATEMENT OF AFFAIRS. 


The report as presented contains the returns made to this Bureau by ninety 
companies doing business in Ontario for 1895. 

In addition to the eighty-nine companies reported for 1894, we have a return this 
year from the Sun Savings and Loan Company. 

During 1895 the following two companies began operations but had not completed a 
year’s business on December 31st, viz. : 

The Victoria Loan and Savings Company organized in October, 1895, with head 
office at Lindsay, of which John Magwood is President and W. H. Clarke is Manager. 


1895, with head office at 


The Reliance Loan and Savings Company organized in July, 
Blacklock is Manager. 


Toronto, and of which Hon. John Dryden is President and John 

The following table shows the capital subscribed, the assets and liabilities of the 
ninety companies for 1895, and for comparison similar totals are given for the pre- 
vious eight years : 


fob) 
Location of |6°3 | . Liabilities | Liabilities Total 
head office of [6 a | nanan d to stock- to liabilities or Sani 10am prouey 
| company. Zé Se AEE eee holders. the public. assets, Obese: Rye 
° 
ew = Yi | 
| D $ $ $ $ . §$ 
1 Hamilton ..... 4 3,032,132 2,522,132 3,363,289 5,885,421 5,380,633 | 504,788 
Kingston...... 2 450,000 512,609 485,527 998,136 836,037 | 162,099 
OnCdOM ae aed 8 8,932,100 7,478,418 | 10,755,885 { 18,234,303 | 17,151,099 1,083,204 
CVGGEW eso oooh. 2 756,600 538,831 34,327 573, 208 513,293 59,915 
Owen Sound ..| 2 553,900 248,127 158,332 406,459 398,356 8,103 
1 St. Thomas....| 5 2,488,800 1,435, 254 1,326,314 2,761,568 2,665,224 96,344 
arniiaes Sak sce: 3 1,179,200 1,428,016 1,292,354 2,720,370 2,480,205 240,165 
Stratford...... 2 628,600 465,097 577,901 1,042,998 1,030,004 12,994 
FROrontOle vs si 44 | 72,959,971 | 31,877,488 | 60,332,817 92,210,305 | 78,899,538 | 13,310,767 
Woodstock ....| 2 1,257,900 384,504 230,725 615,229 585,723 29,506 
Other places ..| 15 6,583,121 5,295,317 8,261,616 | 13,556,933 10,839,342 2,717,591 
Totals, 1895} 90 | 98,822,324 52,185,843 | 86,819,087 | 139,004,930 120,779,454 | 18,225,476 
1894! 89 | 94,047,711 | 50,582,921 | 86,958,820 | 137,541,741 120,229,818 | 17,311,923 
1893] 86 | 88,582,985 | 49,285,824 | 84,916,664 134,202,488 | 118,040,915 16,161,573 ° 
1892| 76 | 80,278,277 | 45,893,742 | 77,727,428 123,621,170 | 109,251,079 14,370,091 
1891] 71 | 76,152,817 | 44,379,397 | 72, 757,149 | 117,136,546 | 104,365,025 12,771,521 
1890] 67 | 70,672,710 ; 42,673,552 | 65,544, 199 | 108,217,751 | 98,111,032 | 10,106,719 
1889] 7L | 69,694,221 | 41,629,987 | 62,967,156 104,597,143 | 94,666,887 9,930,256 
1888] 64 | 67,939,559 | 40,108,161 59,540,175 | 99,648,336 89,042,190 | 10,606,146 
1887| 55 | 56,114,310 | 35,910,563 | 51,177,104: | 87,087,667 | 79,035,804 | 8,051,063 


A. 1896 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


39 Victoria. 


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59 Victoria. 


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A, 1896 


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A, 1896 


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59 Victoria. 


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A. 1896 


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59 Victoria. 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896: 


LOAN AND INVESTMENT COMPANIES. 


TABLE III. Comparative staterment showing the amount loaned in each of the five years 1891-95, with. 
a yearly average for the nine years 1887-95, by Companies that have reported/for the full period. 


| Average 


Companies, 1895, 1894, 1893. 1892, | 1891. 1 887-189 
$ $ $ $ | $ $ 
TORONTO : . 
Bristol and West of England........ 3,085 38,567 107,363 110,674 114,406 148,216 
Building and Loan?.. 2.52. . 3. 3 68,050 95,100 228, 330 173,000 153,826 209,801 
Canada Landed Credit and National 
Cnvestinent yeni esas: shee meee 232,878 337,197 463, 104 564,863 681,800 487,068 
Canada Permanent Loan ........... ed 494, 569 | 1,187,413 | 1,922,279 | 2, 037, 994 | 1,612,056 | 1,798,280 
Farmers’ Loan... 22... BT HN eee if 2,926 196,445 232,029 | 374,527 309,709 299,335 
Hroehold) Goan... Ssscp..ce sees sees 617,097 880,266 | 1,825,593 | 1,017,265 866,559 | 1,044,523 
lg Bay rrYorgrots mah leq Whee 4c PAPE, pARIAR Ube Boe 2,823,146 | 2,554,393 | 2,254,091 2,231, 408 1,935,977 | 1,939,978 
dmaperial Lidan. ss bs ss vce eae te 83,131 48,938 | 272,984 | 629,006 | 526,498 388, 490: 
Land Security .... ..... AEE SS 99,559 136,882 707,638 522,302 238,483 382,941 
London and Canadian Loan......... | 395,407 422,582 | 575,726 662,348 495,126 574,210: 
North of Scotland Mortgage......... 332,210 | 490,078 519,138 475,187 476,000 506.574 
Ontario Industrial Loan............. a 11,786 14,263 22,225 22,338 36,142 58,409 
People’s Loan 2.2....6660%5 6 98,312 115,946 170,328 208,641 | 145,446 187,600 
eal lstate= loan ick oe Rae 15,844 98,791 87,450 121,043 75,800 74,506 
Eorontovoantand oan. sry ecco cd eek eres aa eek tare ieee nee 1,340 | 3.022 15, 106. 
MBE ANG 0aNn) ees. ech sec ke 388,802 | 560,070 581,202 690,864 809, 438 716,3€3. 
Minion iON. |. es Chess. Satake Ghee 241, 388 | 85,791 332,272 396,360 449,661 397,104 
“ Western Canada Loan.............. 903,519 | 1 147, 895 | 1,096,616 | 1,135,999 | 900,052 | 1,102,552: 
ONDON: 
Agricultural Savings................ 245,502 | 258,830 | 227,716 | 362,482 | 179,060 247,698 
Canadian Oavings. «se. ki. ee peer ens 160,517 114,900 176,636 212,802 248,478 | 203,569: 
DOMINION SAVINGS Yona hess eae ees 357,910 317,513 322,288 720, 222 847,696 550,670: 
as aug HriesLoan, 120s en. cee 779,775 943,560 | 1,013,895 | 1,022,274 706,605 | 824,178 
BORO ONS LIOAN, eae nae eee ee , 506,713 | | 
Royal Standard Loan............... Big ee Rance scan leu uae { 86,940 | J ye ts. 
Ontario i0an 2.2 teen eons ns Pee bee 506,114 464,302 750,097 702,284 645,023 594,777 
Sr. THOMAS: 
Milgingioane... s... he cea be oe S 94,348 38,131 129,645 42,954 37,400 64,919 
Sothern loan sees Pann. Pe Be 182, 208 152,688 221,091 133,768 93,859 122,903 
South-western Farmers’ Loan ....... 136,700 76,640 84,305 83,186 35,337 63,750 
Stari hosn gee. «6 SEAWCOe ine = sae 76,770 39,604 69,295 $3,916 54,967 60,737 
HAMILTON: 
Hamilton Provident and Loan ...... 556,685 | 433,113 | 497,258 | 740,239 | 747,150 643,056 
Hamilton Homestead Loan.......... 10,134 18,435 22,409 19,294 17,364 17,087 
Landed Banking and Loan.......... 294,539 200,010 305, 208 390, 296 385,308 318,974 
KINGSTON : 
Frontenac Loan-.:%. °°... Aiea. ae: 38, 467 77,843 78,743 117,874 147,916 78,867 
‘ DONtAELOG OLLIE ASW, oe vor to ee ee 43,912 70,731 | 84,596 85,317 90 639 82,730 
ARNIA: 
Huron and Lambton Loan ........ 99,929 117,965 106,954 117,688 ' 80,352 116,403 
ambton Loan st ose. cote eetee 127,183 | 132,583 LTA O99 208,541 133,649 186,236. 
Other places : 
Hastings Loan ........ Belleville . 32,037 | 81,674 58,325 38, 254 96,396 57,413: 
ROVAr LIOR Ns fates yews Brantford . 146,980 144,018 126,619 288,399 155, 242 181,656: 
Chatham Loan ........ Chatham | 81,248 61,246 77,343 117,820 90,$57 77,087 
Huron and Bruce ..... Goderich 23,469 30,060 24,080 33,074 29,143 34, 130 
Guelph and Ontario ...Guelph ..... 246,769 150,483 245,641 269,422 356,906 273,204 
Orangeville Building. . .Orangeville . 3,775 2,650 2,933 2,700 4,867 2,954 
Ontario Loan =... 2.0... Oshawa ..... 49,591 75, 243 80,871 90,350! 71,147 85,691 
Metropolitan Loan..... Ottawa ..... 35,728 44,324 84,021 50,182 39,363 49,248 
Central Canada ....... Peterborough.| 789,331 | 1,226,924 771,849 676,409 500, 840 $24,645 
Crown Savings........: Petrolea..... 31,773 27,189 49,214 40,664 29, 753 35,556. 
Midland Loan®...7.5.. Port Hope ..| 183,424 111,407 223,419 | 221,724 223,738 180,242 
Seeurity Loan -..5...-. St. Catharin’s| 136,816 81,996 122,618 158,503 115,396 135.723 
British Mortgage...... Stratford ...| 271,452 170,690 172,459 297,723 186, 127 208,890 
Oxford Perman’nt Loan. Woodstock .. 79,282 58,602 118,129 34,585 19,874 52,593 
Otal ys ik awe ames PASA ested: 13,862,186 14,446,616 | 17,559,367 | 19,759,650} 16,794,206) 17,091,006 


28 


PAR OV 


CHATLEL MORTGAGES. 


The returns relative to chattel mortgages are made, in accordance with the Statutes 


to the Minister of Agriculture. 


Bureau. 


The tabulation of these has been entrusted to this 
The following statement gives the number of chattel mortgages on record and 


undischarged for the Province of Ontario for the year ending December 31, 1895, and 
the six preceding years: 


Year ending 
Dec. 31. 


eo ee eee ere eeeeen 


To secure existing debt To secure future indor-| Total 
on present advance. sation on advance. ’ 
No. Amount. “Rican. ae No. Amount. 

$ Pee: 

22,018 10,555, 922 373 456,398 22,391 11,012,320 
21,276 10,603,393 483 616, 812 | 21,759 11,220, 205 
19,342 8,973,118 380 360, 267 19,722 9,333,385 
18,927 9,215,753 455 829,724 | 19,382 10,045,477 
18,902 8,595,417 516 908,971 19,418 | 9,504,388 
17,271 8,121,316 632 857,542 | 17,903 8,978,858 
15,629 6,973,837 585 518,071 16,214 | 7,491,908 | 


é 


The following statement gives the numbers and amount of chattel mortgages for the 
different districts of the Province for 1895 and previous three years: 


1895, 
Districts. 
| No. Amount. 
{ oS ee Se eee ee = —— 
$ 

i liake Wrien sisi o 0. sie0 2,934 | 1,066,587 

Take? uron (3.02802 eek 2,247 760,168 
| Georgian Bay ......... 2236 | 856,963 
| West Midland ........ 3,209 | 1,582,895 
| Lake Ontario ......:.. 5,724 | 3,320,257 
| St. Lawrence & Ottawa.| 3,302 | 1,578,788 
i East Midland.......... 1,714 768,675 
Northern Districts..... 1,025 | 1,077,987 
| The Province...... 22,391 |11,012,320 


1894. 1893. 1892. 
| 
No. Amount. No. Amount. No. Amount. 
$ $ 3 

2,781 | 1,186,213 ,679 | 1,010,557 2,922 | 1,132,113 
2,288 728,750 1,953 664,621 1,847 630,015 
2,271 862,708 2,080 778,813 | 2,120 936,409 
2,999 | 1,347,939 2,784 | 1,183,616 2,685 | 1,171,407 
5,692 | 3,544,379 4,957 | 2,953,316 4,604 | 2,950,259 
3,049 | 1,456,741 2,880 | 1,361,047 2,847 | 1,505,524 
1,749 756,766 1,516 | 593,646 1,526 607,160 
930 | 1,336,709 873 787,769 831 | 1,112,590 
21,759 |11,220,205 | 19,722 ese 19,382 ho.oss 477 


More than one-half the number of the chattel mortgages are registered against 


farmers. 


The following statement gives the numbers and amounts of chattel mortgages 


on record against farmers on December 31, of each of the years 1892, 1893, 1894 and 1895 : 


1895. 


No. | Amount. 


Districts. 
| Lake Brie............. 1,980 | 
helaake-ELUron. . 5.5 2. 3 1,516 
' Georgian Bay ......... 1,713 

West Midland ........ 1,656 
Lake Ontario......... 1,983 

| St. Lawrence & Ottawa.| 1,679 
Kast Midland,......... 1,206 
Northern Districts..... 555 
The Province..... 12,288 


$ 

476,720 
401,273 
474,511 
671,827 
822,978 
457,929 
364,639 

97,719 


3,767,536 


1894. 1893. 1892. 
No. | Amount. No. | Amount. No. Amount, 
| ; ; 

1,783 Were 1,709 424,242 1,898 438,430 
1,514 394,445 1,299 334,670 1,208 322,432 
1,650 444,992 1,556 392,599 1,603 456,699 
1,480 570,303 | 1,380 478,518 | 1,376 468,034 
2,005 724,556 1,752 647,269 1,743 662,189 
1,513 390,036 1,422 374,087 1,426 371,659 
1,259 | 394,644] 1,098 | 324,672/ 1,040] 320,573 
483 86,996 468 83,800 480 77,961 
11,687 | 3,446,884 | 10,684 | 8,059,857 | 10,774 | 3,117,977 


Or 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No 36). 


A. 1896 


CHATTEL MORTGAGES-—-BY COUNTY DIVISIONS. 


TaBLE J. Showing by County Municipalities of Ontario the total number and amount of Chattel 
Mortgages and Renewals on record and undischarged on January Ist, and December 31st, 1895. 


Counties or Districts. 


Bruce 


2 oye ele O's Oe 0.4 ce be we elte ele ce 2 i 0's ee & 


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ee re ee eevee eee eee eeceere seve eres 


CSEEV ERG hh etme, eM es eee 


Plaltomucsrmeecr se. ae eet oe 


PLarone are tie tec ey aioe 


Pee 0 6 8 we CC Oy 0 Ue 66 6p lee to > 00 


Behe: >" osm) 6 vel @iielie Welsite es \0 fee ¢ eee tn a 


Leeds and Grenville ..... .......... 
Lennox and Addington 
Pane Orae tes een, | aaa A Oreo 
DAMN OIITM eee s Note tte te, bak aaty aaa 
IVE COTOReX? ects tes te eae Os 
Muskoka 
Nipissing 
Norfolk 


eereesr esc eeeo es 


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redseatec au ay taicie e nhy Sacha 
Oxford 


Peel 


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i 


Reter borough’ .o45 ve. eee Okie 
Prescott and Russell 
brincecdidward seaie a eel Le 
RRR AIALV Ore Perse aN eee re 
entrow juke. sian ; 
SILIDCOGIR RH teh yh dicts atooaiin tine 2 Oe, 
Stormont, Dundas and Eta RES, 
Thunder Bay 
Victoria. . 
Waterloo 
VViEIEa Tiana ho. gl go 7? Ae gee bie 
Wellington 
Wentworth 
York 


eeeeecceoeo eee s -cee 


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es eeereec ees se eoeee eres snece 


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O16 6 ve 406 Ov 6 06 6 & 00's 0 6 8 os 


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To 


existing debt. 


No. 


‘habe 


Chattel mortgages on record 
January Ist, 1895. 


LS 


30 


Chattel mortgages on record 
December 31st, 1895. 


secure For future To secure For future 
indorsation. existing debt. Bp indorsation. 
Amount. NO: Amount. | No. sole NO. aes A 
3 $ | 9) 
613,891| 2 70,000; 164 “7, 721) 2 
251,575]. 2 1,100] 4-480) « 243.4064. sleet eee 
315,635] 9 9,995| 1,111] 336,669; 7 6,052 
607,431] 14 15,881] 750} 565,106! 19 6,602 
SGiO1G) ae mule ayer 400] 188,244; 2 540 
196,274| 8 40,200} . 500). 1168,265: 2015. 0S eee 
146,731| 35 68,214, 542! 213431) 12 86,445 
DO TOG heats 8s sh 529). = 230, 0820144), ae 
. 353,078] 2 3,000, 1,236) 325,972)... ule 
49,927 i Pa oats | 206 5D, 783]. 200 | ee ee 
FO O4 |e al eet 60 15,6591... 4] 4. eee 
SOLS eNom Tetra vs | 140 76,044' 1 1,000 
261,247| 36 14,901} 829] 237,213} 30 12,913 
201,020} 36! 12°760| 560| 232,818! 18 2,607 
eal 7| 16,955! 1,146} 310,482 6] «71,796 
148,299! 122 41,1021 472] + 130;587/ 84| 543K 
87,243 9 1,268} 253 98,511] 6 1,822 
127,421| 18 3°616 4341 135,965] 31 28,187 
77,0811 5 1,430] 282 88,870} 5 881 
185,698! ny 12'582; 3061 161,882: 7 9,870 
51,808} 1 6.000) 81 60,241 alee aaa 
349.462) 1 5,000: 926} - 376,486 1 4,000 
76,146] 3 83,700, 271}. 130,282} +2 1,411 
55,611, 3 1,430 175) 118014' 2 572 
S9'BGl at ae 809] 1. 2979,166.5 dae 
356,548] 1 375| 773] 316,952... |. 
249,279) 27 21,157| 499} 258,962) 24' 12,152 
171,655 18| 6,477| 381 104,689 25 17,529 
248,255| 21 51,426] 201] 185,814) 5! 23,552 
117,467! 12 3,621| 243} 102,916| 1 580 
115,837| 7 2,757| 258]...116,859} 2 868 
255,209' 15! 5,618] 373} 297,110] 7 10,154 
109-35 1A olan & sont, 9 99:564\7 2 tiae aoe 
75,592} 5 3,019] 268 94,585; 6 1,602 
84, Gob een ba eee 61 42,684} 1 750 
74,893| 2 175| 283] 120,313] 7 6,875 
50GG90 eae po eeay eee 1,000 |+25/520,991|2 "| fae ee 
135,138] 22 9,019} 414/ 194,545] 20 8,535 
42.168! 3 1,649} 58! 36,769} 2 175 
204,272| 3 9.815' 412| 188,726] 3 11,900 
138,980} 6 13,254, 250| 259,498! 2 2,657 
142,024 4 QVC1 troll eG loO | ae 25,099 
193,697 a 2,129 . 478| 226,967' 4 1,552 
618,265 3,291| 644] 523,521; 8 8,030 
1,754,335 | | 53,977| 2,780) 1,713,958] 24| 38.953 
| 
10,603,893 483 616,812, 22,018 10,305,999 373| 456,398 


ee 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A, 1896 


CHATTEL 


TEASE yin te 


MORTGAGES—FARMERS. 


Showing by County Municipalities of Ontario the number and amount of Chattel Mortgages 


and Renewals registered against Farmers, on record and undischarged on January Ist, and December 


31st, 1895. 


Chattel mortgages on record | Chattel mortgages on record 


January Ist, 1895, December 31st, 1895. 
C : d Distr; To secure For future} Tosecure For future 
ounties and Districts. existing debts. | indorsation. | existing debt. | indorsation. 
| 
No. | Amount. |No. | Amount. | No. | Amount. |No. | Amount. 
ea § $ Sot $ 
PEC Oise Mens. 25. Gyoly weed cae 2s ee 86 LORS (OLE Sveti cee pee 97 17 SBD <igacs be tle eres 
SP Oe tele ete he's ko ne Se ae ee 232! OC OU pee Slates pe eee | 223 104201 Pas cl Scetae eae 
Bia ce mene: ov p! ses ns A et a 767, 181,992) 2 995! 763} 189,918] 3 3,000 
aUetone ons tent, Perens MAGE SL SIA esl ert ete | 130} 40,109] 4 1,223 
POMONA Core re ies ere oe aie 256, Leas Oa9) hoes lates Sens Lee 326 85,698, 1 140 
ea FES Ut Seda Canine g mid ns ABA are Set Uhig ee 278) rosea Pail esstecae aes 274 70,600) Sec le ele tae 
PANES ed horas fiat o ae eae eat 228 61,893! 19 3,921 852, 101,66] 3, 2,524 
Mrantonat teckel en tented Tt OCU Na) ee pe D7 Oise 2 72:28 7 cae | aa ae ae 
EO Pe oC ee faa aie Ae 5 1,012 Zao pCR) Aden latra vit ewes 989 2LOSB5 1 Fegerk ertrre ae ears 
HA AACHLITIATICIG GON Soe ieee en) wae te Ne ¥e BO OOS a Oe wane | 162 36, 406). 28s [pee eo oes 
Pr alvburton whos Shoe ee valet aoe 63 O.O73 eee etek aes 53 6, 002)'3 ene. ae 
EL ECRTAC. 0) GARI Reh Smee ahs Fara, SET. | Se em | BON e511 893i Tae vee 
Hastings : 677 184,650} 29 6,531} 633 161,933 is 4,223 
PPUEGIN Oe eerie es. ected a eee Oe 304 119,794) 13 2.3871) 9 Sok 128,560} 5 939 
1 STW eo he Uy Ne nah Pla ie 811 PACS Bic: UNG TIS, 36 Pane eae inte 878 198/157 | Vs bs Gee es 
Prarroniaer.a roles ss ck Pra, tie 341 70,50! 87 18,772} 336 70,905| 58 16,951 
1 DEVI T ANS Tian Saale a nl aaa, Sa SO 115 38,365! 5 598 147 47,266} 3 222 
Leeds and Grenville ................ 276 56,757 10 1,489} 279 57,879] 23 9,820 
Genunox and Addington ............. 156 DE OLGs wos lanmeey eee: 176 61,397, 4 606 
POCO vine seat uch ees ke om 122 48,115| 4! 744, 115 48,326] 5 734 
PPA IGOUL Ee op tcl. caer ays c gua ise es 60 EL S12iie ot 6,000 7 19,474) coe race oa 
ETleso wee ener con. iene eee a oe So ePLOS: (RO eee Pee ee F402) 201'70,0563) 23s Pee 
WIMIBICOKAP EEE. ohne tower ane gee es Wt Us code eRe ee sens 183 24162 res lictoers 
A ROT LST Yr AR le ogi NRIs Ser a 53 6,735)... .| Mere we seIo-c 71 10522). Ca eae ees 
Norfolk RAC Gre huey cuits «Palas 197; SOS O24 ce eae ce hae Soe 229 44847) ool coe ee 
Northumberland and Durham ...... SOD ae SUS) LOD hes lei ceer ces | 597 212, SH Sie ha ee nee 
RID EALT Onset erie e haad os Besartag ween MOAN 355; 135,688 18 11,793, 345) 177,491) 12 6,315 
ASAE a MAN SL aia cal cont Ae ed, GS | 153! 65,974 11 3,427 199, 71,099} 16) 4,789 
PL VESOUAG tne acta ways cies eee 96) EO,O4OP TEE ak tee oe 126 16,905). Sees ee 
LEED AAS 8.5 «Shenango NE ei a a 147| 61,225, 6 1990) ed53 GS, 27 Lite shee saere 
Pee Aer eS en Se 137 61,610, 5 1,417 te 129 57,602. canst eeee 
Peterborough..... NR aie Beas eae 189 83,456 3 475| = 187) 79,006 2 Velmeyee ane 
Prescott and Russell................ 160| SON Die grtd tire Ra Pye | 190 B1y68S Ae pase 
PrinGee EA WATUy os sents dak eae 232 60,702| 3 1,019! . 227 67,405; 6 1,602 
Buniny fulverry toa vay eceeaie. fees 4, Ie at page | 6 2 S60 oe 
Limb Gao Apt & aban i op COAT eee ee aE 170; 45,319 1 60 185 50; 876) aes Ate eee 
HDA SaKCCOYS\AT alin ce ANN cia eA oh i OT 638) ZL LF OOUIS rete aia ts See heer (ot 263,469 
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry ... 248) 59,051| 13 3,576 257 62,584] 6 Sy 
Migudor Bay. erect. ance osha cies 12 A AQT (oo Nitec eee 15 6,963) Hr fee Dk te 
“GIES 2a) a a OS a a 296 112,044 2 815 318 VYSS40.5)) Greet lease nee 
SUES GSU Se a Oe Mee Rn 66 44.916 1 254 78 53,792] 5, age eames 
UNS TENG (6 I Mister 0 8 ge RR | ENS 20, LOZ ei | A Bie deb eecic 82 16,462) 2 \oeiteoaee 
PERE COM Sa diy Cina as kits oe ho 260 95,247| 4 1,344) 281 124,303} 150 
UWE E Chote Ao 52s, Wate sa aren wien oa ded 151| 49,965 3) 1,198} 139 50,817, 2 1,043 
GES SGN a icy hada arg ee pate 320 LOG, Lye oe cn wereees as : 340 AL 2a or a eek ecco 
| 
Gta Metete  to Nas. Rd le Gost oe ttetn s 11,447 gS 2 68,805 1,12) 3,711;338 167 56,258 
| | 


31 


] - 
shee. «(teed 


ale 


ANN Ab Ee ORL 


OF THE 


bUNeAu OF INDUSTRIES 


FOR THE 


PROVINCE OF ONTARIO 
1890 


PART VI.—MUNICIPAL STATISTICS. 


(PUBLISHED BY THE ONTARIC DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. } 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE 


LEGISVATIVE; ASSEMBLY: OF ONTARIO; 


TORONTO: 
WARWICK BRO'S & RUTTER, Painters, &c., 68 AND 70 Front Strerr West, 
18.9°6: 


FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE 


ONTARIO BUREAU OF INDUSTRIES. 


BeAVRE SVeT. 
1895. 


To the Honorable the Minister of Agriculture : 


Sir,—I have the honor to present herewith Part VI. of the fourteenth annual report 
of the Bureau of Industries for 1895, containing tabulated statements of statistics of the 
municipalities of Ontario up to December 31, 1895.3 

The statistics of assessment, rate of taxation and population are compiled from 
returns made by municipal clerks, while the financial statements for 1894 are tabulated 
from schedules furnished by municipal treasurers, after being checked over with the detailed 
reports of the municipal auditors. A large amount of correspondence was rendered 
necessary in order to rectify discrepancies. 

I am obliged to report that the following officers had failed to forward returns 
in time for tabulation: treasurers of the village of Port Colborne, and of the towns of 
Mattawa and North Bay. I had occasion to report the delinquency of the treasurers of 
Mattawa and North Bay last year. In these cases estimates have been made or statistics 
have been compiled from auditors’ returns or other documents. 

In the case of a few municipalities no reports were received from the auditors, 
and in some other cases the reports received were incomplete and of but little use, so 
that we have been compelled, in these cases, to accept the schedules as compiled by the 


treasurers and amended by correspondence. 


I have the honor to be, sir, 
Your obedient servant, 


C, 0. JAMES, 


Secretary, 
Toronro, 


October, 1896. ° 


CONTENTS. 


Larrzgn or TRANSMISSION : iii, 
MonIcipaL STATISTICS : Vii. 
STATISTICS OF ONTARIO MUNICIPALITIES : 1 


FABLE 1. Detaijed statement by local municipalities (townships, towns and villages) in the counties 
of Ontario for 1895, of the number of ratepayers, the area, the assessed values and amount of taxes 
imposed, as shown by the assessment and collection rolls, together with the average rate of taxes 
per head of population ; also, a comparative summary of the totals for the two years 1894-95...... 


be 


‘Pasie 11. Detailed statement of the cities, towns separated from counties, and other incorporated 
towns of Ontario giving statistics of assessment and taxation, as in Table 1, for the two years 
ICSE SoD Isla (racine pen ne MN CMON ee Sea ao eH Rs ake Vy sist da NEw ORE Soa MieNecr stale Raloe eee ORG Oke eee 


FaBLe 11. Summary statement by counties (being the total of townships, cities, towns and villages 
within limits of county) of items from assessment and collection rolls as given in Table 1 for the ten 
PORTS. LOGI Metaies oeeceeey iriehas finer beef cin als na Ne Sh Mata, adhe Mag, secrety lance ATR GIT Tle Macc Mle ene A a RE 


TaBLE Iv. Summary statement for the Province of Ontario of the number of ratepayers and area, as 
shown by the assessment rolls, and of the assessed values and amount of taxes imposed, as shown 
by the collection rolls, together with the average rate of taxes per head of population assessed as 
resident, and rate in mills on the dollar of total assessed value for the ten years 1885 to 1895, classi- 
fied as rural (townships), urban (towns and incorporated -villages) and cities .. ............ 2. es. 35 


TasBLe v. Showing for township, town and village municipalities, grouped by counties, and for 
cities, the population of Ontario as taken by the municipal assessors in the two years 1894-5 ..... 36 


TABLE vi. Showing by counties (including townships, towns, villages and cities), the population of 
Ontario as taken by the municipal assessors for the ten years 1886-95 .........0. cee ce eevee Sh see day PRA 


‘FABLE vil. Showing the number of steam boilers as placed on the assessment rolls in townships, 
towns, villages and cities of the Province for 1891-95....0..5 00... ccc cee cecccccrscecneccceacs 47 


TABLE Vill. Showing an abstract statement of receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities of the 
township municipalities in the Province of Ontario for the year ending December 31, 1894........ 48 


TABLE IX. Showing an abstract statement of receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities of the 
town municipalities in the Province of Ontario for the year ending December 31, 1894........... a 92 


TaBLE X. Showing an abstract statement of the receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities of the 
village municipalities in the Province of Oatario for the year ending December 31, 1894.......... 106 


Tabie xt. Showing an abstract statement of receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities of the 
cities of Ontario for the year ending December 31, 1894 ......... 22 cececsccccnecces vossecerece 124 


TABLE XII. Showing an abstract statement of rece'pts, disbursements, assets and liabilities of the 
county municipalities of Ontario for the two years ending December 31, 1893 and 1894............ 126 


TasBie xt. Summary statement showing the totals for all townships in Ontario of the several items 
of receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities for the nine years ending December 31, 1886-94... 134 


TABLE XIV. Summary showing the totals for all towns in Ontario of the several items of receipts, dis- 
bursements, assets and liabilities for the four years ending December 3], 1891-91 ..............-- 136 


TaBig xv. Summary showing the totals for all villages in Ontario of the several items of receipts, 
disbursements, assets and liabilities for the four years ending December 31, 1891-94....,.......... 187 


TABLE XvI. Summary showing the totals for all towns and villages in Ontario of the several items of 
receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities for the nine years ending December 31, 1886-94...... 138 


TABLE xvu. Summary statement showing the totals for the cities of Ontario of the several items of 
receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities for the nine years ending December 31, 1896-94...... 140 


TABLE XVIII. Summary statement showing for all counties of Ontario the totals of the several items 
of receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities for the nine years ending December 31, 1886-94.. 142 


TABLE XIX. Summary statement showing for all municipalities of Ontario (including counties, town- 
ships, towns and villages), the total of the several items of receipts, disbursements, assets and 
liabilities for the nine years ending December 31, 1886-94 .............ce eee eee- ee! EE EE ew 144 


Norges anp COMMENTS FROM MUNICIPAL RETURNS AND CORRESPONDENCE : 146 


PART VI. 


MUNICIPAL STATISTICS. 


The following statement is compiled from the summarized tables iv., vi. and xix., ané 
gives population, total assessment, amount of taxes imposed for 1895, the amount of 
bonded and floating debt, together with the amount paid each year by all the municipali- 
ties of the Province for interest for the nine years 1886 94 : 


Taxes imposed for all Bonded debt. 
purposes. Intarest 
~ Popula- Total y Be - Floating paid 
Year. tion. assezement, | - debt. on loans 
Rate | Mills Rate and deben- 
Total. per jon the} Total. per tures. 
head. |dollar, head. | 
$ $ $ Cc. $ $c. $ $ 
DOOD we Svcece Mira kK | 1,957,390) 821,466,166] 12,316,429) 6 29 ' 14.99 "y = * 5 
SL Sa ae oe 1,936,219} 826,179,370) 12,320,312; 6 36 | 14.91] 49,724,587! 25.68) 6,669,567| 2,552,607 
(RL an ae a 1,910,059} 825,530,052) 12,512,660, 6 56 ; 15.17} 48,083,243) 25.17] 6,796,422) 2,508,621 
BOO See ccirateae ee 3 1,909,527; 825,211,127| 11,803,570 6 18 | 14.30) 47,166,962, 24.70) 6,469,899, 2,482,156 
POOL srs 3 ...-| 1,922,121} 818,847,394) 11,767,748 6 12 | 14.37) 43,888,853; 22.83, 7,629,730, 2,496,294 
POCO Aes dir. act 1,917,544} 798,616,271) 10,897,485 5 68 | 13.65) 40,720,985; 21.24; 8,387,186| 2.240,692 
OO wert ekd Met 1,906,901} 761,905,816] 10,248,198 5 37 | 13.45) 38,988,332) 20.44) 6,493,519) 2,057,938 
| tele tet gh orl Ome 1,880,145) 748,654,570, 9,919,962 5 28 | 13.25) 34,729,527| 18.47| 6,437,363) 1,999,760 
BO GTos eae erate 1,848,457| 717,311,938] 9,300,113, 5 03 | 12.97| 31,943,320 17.28} 5,645,208; 1,820,590: 
RO ei laas to 1,828,495; 694,380,659 9,009,335 4 93 | 12.97| 29,924,863 16.37; 4,841,717) 1,715,620 


* Statistics for 1895 are not yet complete. 


The population shows a small increase but the upward flight of assessments and 
taxation has been checked. There is no abatement to the increase of debenture debt, 
there being a net addition in 1894 of $1,641,344. This brings the municipal bonded 
debt up to $49,724,587, or an average of $25.68 per head of population, as compared 
with $16.37 in 1886. The interest paid on this debt and on temporary loans amounted 
in 1894 to $2,552,607. Of the above outstanding debenture debt $4,805,897 is on 
account of railways and $3,990,317 for school purposes. The amount of floating liabil- 
ities of the municipalities was $6,669,567, of which $3,151,628 was for temporary loans. 


The following table shows the growth of population by municipalities for ten years : 


| 


Year. Townships. | Towns. | Villages. Cities. Total. 
LEST, SIR Sl SORT dS Ga 8 Rt RPE ee 1,109,631 295,523 136,021 416,215 1,957,390 
Re Ss eee or aad atti Sem eek an aoke 1,103,828 292,094 131,487 408,810 1,936,219 
MES em Are tebe Peta as ok OA pt See sn 1,096,984 287,423 327,987 397,665 1,910,059 
BR EME ae cafes p's orinre sain gor titan m asl ora 3 1,102,467 286,759 126,637 393,664 ae 
SSS een A aaa, Piles 6 seingiitisrecsyee's cots 1,116,347 284,111 aa 395,229 1,922,121 
AO Beasts hah. ie Such agin ok hee eens 1,118,252 410,530 388,762 1,917,544 
Vadodara AS 0h Pr ie i Same SPE Pe 1,130,060 400,890 375,951 1,906,901 
ABBR Rene Tae wea PER a PON cain Sollee te 1,133,016 393,461 353,638 1,880, 145 
BEG Tr teectsic ann Rt ati wiaats! Sodn.e 4 bia rein « 1,140,138 377,389 330, 930 1,848,457 
SOO Meese cad tai eye pleas a ane shale abeo 1,148,856 360,005 319,634 1,828,495 
| 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No 36). 


Following is a comparative table for ten years for total assessed values . 


Year. 


eee etree eee eos eseeee sere eserves 


Ce 2 2 2 


Townships. 


$ 
448, 417,259 
451,476, 103| 


451,629, 103} 


452, 065, 658) 
454, 070, 364 


452, 467,088 
450,977,220 
460,615, 822| 
456,170,163 
452,097,645 
| 


Towns. 


$ 
92,839,570 
92, 237, 150 
93, 386, 224 
93, 037, 4 
91,866, 4 


115,402,233 
106,453,798 
100,413,029 
93,337,596 
88,078,093 


Villages. 


$ 
30,518,275 
29, 836, 243 
29, 290, 446 
28, 873,437 
28, 509, 448 


Cities. 


$ 
249,691,062 
252, 629, 874 
251, 924° 279 
251, 234, 098 
244, 401,222 


230,746,950 
204,474,798 
187,625,719 
167,804,179 
154,204,921 


A. 1896 


Total. 


$ 
821,466,166 
826,179,370 
825,530,052 
825, 211,127 | 
818,847,394 


798,616,271 
761,905,816 
748,651,570 
717,311,938 
694,380,659 


The amount of taxes imposed in townships, towns, villages and cities is shown in 


the following, for ten years : 


rns ee Se en 


see ere - wee ewe ero e oer ec eowse te ee 


——_— 


Townships. 


$ 
4,473,269 
4,579,044 
4,629,028 
4,599,442 
4,544,291 


4,473,108 
4,507,717 
4,494,780 
4,431,720 


4,388,401 / 


Towns. Villages. 
$ $ 
2,000, 429 | 565,137 
1,934,437 | 548,356 
1,922,325 | 527,127 
1,854, ae | 521,254 
1,793,3 46 | 511,679 
2,161,644 
1,993,623 
1,884,918 
1,759, 248 
1,670,848 


| 


Cities. 


Total. 


$ 
12,316,429 
12,320,312 
12,522, 660 
11,803,570 


11,767,748 | 


10,897,485 
10,248, 198 
9,919, 962 
9,300,113 
9,009, 385 


The next table compares the debenture debt outstanding in the various municipalities on 


December 31st, for each of nine years : 


Year Townships. 
SO Bae ie a cin. 2,942,267 
180A uate sti nitts Stipe ee 3,039,823 
BOR ara. peel Sa eels wd 3,089, 430 
MO Deter Ben etait & fnng 2 3, 118, 639 
TSS ronnie s vitciete ss 366,617 
LSD el abehos Pa tescts sta e 3,299,557 
IL nee ne ohn loa ns Che 3,409,744 
BOR path teres in toe Saas df 3,154,428 
GOI ost) eas A) Sepeatia kata Yo 


The statistics in the above tables are for the municipalities as constituted in 1895, 
towns, 96; villages, 137; 


as follows: Townships, 492 ; 


Villages. | Cities. 


Towns. 
$ $ 

8,586, 442 1,157,552 34,778, 154 

8,195,283 1,109,482 33,399,063 

7,463,104 1,116,242 | 32,966,371 

6,744,171 1,025,489 30,253,043 
7,099,648 | 27,110,712 
6,371,763 | 26,096,152 
6,146,561 21,769,261 
5,261,078 20,080,923 
4,795,580 18,469,893 


cities; 13; 


Counties. 


2,260,172 
2,339,592 
2,531,815 
2,747,511 


3,144,008 
3,220, 860 
3,403,961 
3,446,891 
3,505,744 


49,724,587 
48,083,243 
47,166,962 
43,888, 853 


40,720,985 
38,988, 332 
34,729,527 
31,943,320 
29,924,863 


and counties, 38. 


For example, Chatham became a city in 1855, so that Chatham has been transferred from 


towns to cities in all the years. 


: | SRATISTICS OF we. an 


- ONTARIO MUNICIPALITIES. — 


m 
ars 
f 7 “ 
: ° 
weet 
eee f ; : 
! 
ike f . 
‘ : 
Le 
bt 7 ie = 
; 
; 
; Pa 
, 
F oe 
} 
i 
\ + 
¥ 
; 
. - re 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). _ A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION. 


TABLE I. Detailed statement by Local Municipalities (townships, towns and villages) in the Counties 
of Ontario for 1895, of the number of Ratepayers, the Area, the Assessed Values and amount of Taxes 
imposed, as shown by the assessment and collection rolls, together with the average rate of taxes per 
head of population ; also, a comparative summary of the totals for the two years 1894-95. 


‘Taxes impose 
Assessed values. posed 


No. of | for all purposes. 
No. of ee | 
Municipalities. rate- Agee TER sal | ¢ Fer Tarahla Per 
Payers: | ses.ed. property. pro- income. Total. Total. head. 
perty | 
pea: g $ $ $ $l sack 
AMC Cron sao. Sint e o'e 642| 23,034 DDT ;ORDL..Nyinp Gael e eek arate 657,875) 10,169 5 24 
Colchester iN. 3, SSeS 434} 30,461 OPA, O40 har seats: be leer ef 672,840) 17,162, 11 95 
Colchester, S ...... aS ee 673]. 34,258 964,530 3,675 800 969,005} 21,048) 8 98 
Croshardyin 2 i.ue wenn te. 595| 27,858 651,040! B00. See 661,340) 12,175) 7 65 
CTOSTIOL Sars Sonal, nee 656) 29,965! 966,525 18,325| 5,000 989,850! 13,329] 6 63 
Naidstenent.. ou Makin 774; 44,310 794,301 1 SOO ee 795,851| 15,627) 5 43 
Malden! eect. A Sat ih 339} 20,910 718,000 L000 Reisen. nie ah 719,000 8,055} A 27 
DICPRCAL Ot nh ieee ote 1,018] 62,017} 1,755,326 6,090} Wo eee 1,761,416} 22.839 6 00 
Peleoetishand (ontet.. ose wknd 216 9,80; aauass, VOD oe. . ssterite atone 283,705 6,391 9979 
UROCIESLER So dite talcasoao 497; 32,413 626,300 Te QD0 Pe serie: 628,250! 13,785! 5 70 
DIAM MIC lik Ke, ey Vee pelos are ond 530; 19,033| 581,130 2,450)....... 583,580| 10,675) 4 15 
PANG WICh ase meus ha. 2 471} 23,568) 557,149 1900 ee cere £59,049} 10,497; 6 64 
ARG WAC Wirt Retns cau na oe DST ime, SOU MeO sol katate ie \cke ates 679,277| 10,875] 4 59 
RESIDE NEN Rave fers kee eae e ack 611| 26,659 705,342 EL OO 33 aa oe 706,442} 10,938 4 &3 
PL UL YAW wise hen. ore ta tis, 04 ey Sr GSS wrt bl cs orate date | 633,035} 12,822, 7 38 
Patel eacal 1895... 8,597| 430,903, 11,156,476 38,340 5,800] 11,200,615| 196,387) 6 31 
ae tie: 1894.. 9,274; 429,706, 11,242,035 36,050 eee 11,286,385] 195,504) 6 28 
Amherstburg ......... EN Pes 957 417 446,950 27,200 7,000! 481,150 13,939) 6 39 
FE SEO ROR Bas Dro evra aiha'¢ S-ncrie ates 794 700 365,625| 13,750, 5,700, 385,075} 11,938 5 50 
ME CIINGLON! . Sa-eteran w ccleleshiays 512 700 341,748 31,815) 10,050 383,613 9,264; 4 98 
POI WHOM ns Wie bide pokes 495 2,000 419,747 12, 250} 1,190 433,187 | 6,890} 5 32 
EGU MOTULILE ward ohare ioe: 314 450 842,206} 988,313 53,960] 1,884,479' 22,902) 19 93 
Belle: River. ¢ oe cos Gks poses 184 304 54,176 LS 200 rene ates 55,376 1,427; 2 62 
SIMD RVIL LO, 2 art, oe ck sts ates 429 452 392,041 Reel 4,316 gens 9,455 7 34 
Topal aihan f1895.. 3.685] 5,023, 2,862,493! 1,089,478] 82,216) 4,034,187| 75,815 7 23 
ara tN 11894... 3,803! 5,224) 2,832,347] 1,112,399 19,790] 3,964,536; 71,900! 6 94 
KENT: | | 
GE SENG IES WR ge Cll de acne Run £96! 40,647! 1,014.°50 2100 te iat, | 1,016,150} 15,898 5 91 
MISES Mins Seale sateen 2A 1,721! 84,231! 1,979,683 2,000 900; 1,982,583]; 43,140 8 97 
HDONOPMIN CT Pele cee sBe it las oF 923| 68,937, 1,644,661 1400 ee oe ce | 1,646,061! 25,660, 7 15 
Harwich ..... PPR Sad peer ane | 1,829, 86,852) 3,778,506 A400 cat oe | 3,782,906, 38.790 8 78 
LOWE UE Whe Cae os Ak orcs ca s 15204) 68,7201" 2,523,840) 1, ks 1,900, 2,525,740; 18,491 5 57 
Orignd see ee ee me 971| 49,9101 1.431/8x0| 4,300 400 1,436.590| 15.797, 5 79 
| CHPSCt da rhe) pee ep NEU 1,438} 71,197] 2,445,086] 1,400 100! 2,446,586 30.456 6 77 
PROTON OY g ei Ce Pe i din 480] 26,272 742,073 4.09010. U28), cal 746,123) 10,728 6 60 
Tillage ince sie eke ctl” 842| 54,352| 1,402,815! 8-700 600} 1,412,145} 23.028) 7 32 
ARIS GY AS ye Ske ga A gE 485| 25,467 B4G; (ODOC tres 215 546,970 7,364, 6 02 
‘Motal eral 1895. 10,789 565,685 17,509,879 28,350 4,115] 17,541,844! 229,352} 7 16 
ree 1894..| 10,629 ssi 17,615, 667 26,350 1,300! 17,643,317| 249,434) 7 78 
DSL OT LONI Lal ares oth ble us se bu 8, Fe 575 488 384,769 35,010) 7,910 427,689 8,786 5 15 
BOCPWOU ye Gli owe le fate cists a | 238 | 2,250 172,587 22.250 400 495,237 3,633) 4 26 
PIT OSUCTT eN M or eo choses | 702 642 417,960 25, 250 | 600 443,810} 10,334) 5 74 
ROLAUCLOW Tae roa aitiete le eke 572 662 590,650 49,915; 3,575: 644,149) 13,708! 6 32 
Thamesville 2/20. 0) eax, | 318 381, 166,600 21,190) 5,975! 193,675] 4,798] 5 52 
PUTO NIL-Y, 647 sa wit tale We hrcee Wide D 305 577 172,285) 5,800, 200 178,485, 5,775) 5 95 
TV. AACE DUT Rese ncy o 8 las 714 ei 429,820 16,725, 2,000 448, 545| 12.665) 6 C6 
Patel aban 1895... 3,419) 5,500, 2,334,762 176,050 20.760 2,531,572| 59,6141 5 71 
foiiesuea a 1894.. Se 5364) 2,335.044| 178,660 17,370, hots 59,346} 5 81 


Nors. —The towns are printed in italics. By the term ‘‘rural,” we mean townships, and by ‘‘urban,”’ 
towns and incorporated villages. * Separated from county for municipal purposes. 
+ Becomes a town in 1896. 


2 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


Taxes im 
Assessed values. | pused 


No. of forall purposes. 
se Aas: No. of at | eS 
Municipalities. rate- a Boal P a aakhls Per 
Payers. | sessed. | property.| pro- | inceme. dopale Total. lead. 
Ake 
| 
Satine | 8 nee $ $-|G2 Siealeeuer 
iduorougltn ioe. oo. fhe 1,648} 75,385' 1,613,465] 9,250 850} 1,628,565; 22,973 4 80 
Bayiati es a he eee OAS 1,359] 56,451! 1,065,740; 3,500 250| 1,069,490} 19,054 5 51— 
Dorchester, $1.05... 0.456002. 567| 30,562) 1,063,020} 1,700)........ 1,064,720] 9,884; 6 77 
run wichtae ces e soe ce at 1,221} 69,293) 1,724,245]  2,600]........ 1,726,845} 19,492] 6 13 
Rinlahidewn, Satan bed culate 1,420] 6,273] 1,894,005] 17,250) 2,080] 1,913,335] 19,472] 5 34 
Southwold seed. aca. hee 1,156] 72.833) 2,561,298] 8,765 400; 2,570,463) 24,000) 5 67 
SV AeIMOVtH eo 2h oly oes ot see 2'012| 69,739) 2,673,524| 4,150/ 5,200! 2,682,874, 27,012] 5 62 
| 
otal ehcal (1895 9,383! 436,536 12,595,297| 47,215] 8,780/ 12,651,292) 141,887: 5 5h 
eit 11894 ey 436,558. 12,634,233] 48,785] 11,830, 12,694,848 151,659, 6 03 
MET TEAS ee Ae Sen ER 853 531| 619,373} 94,325 18,1661 731,864| 16,604 7 69 
Dutton, vate tess 264 500! 145,810} 16,850} 1,150) 173,810) 2,129, 2 76 
Portrotanleys. 6) .ce es ao 265 510| 128,835} 15,520! 1,200) 145,555] 2,274! 3 45 
Springfield sa eerste. 174 421 71,850| 2,775 400 75,025} 1,018) 2 53 
Miania ste ce ter eG ioe 113}. 1,000! 70,650] — 3,305 att 74,905 1,693) 4 39 
Pata can 1895 1,669, 2,962, aerusys 132,775} 21,866 1,201,159, 23.718] 5 42 
pne 1894 1,673! 2,958! 1,036,648; 153,970] 21,716} 1,211,334| 24,728} 5 60 
NorFOLK : | | 
@harlotteyilloy .20ec..022. f2 1,276 69,566} 923.660] 23,(50) 3,100 949,810) 11,2371 3 30 
Honghton sas Corser ee 670: . 33,785| _-469,230| ,3,000]........ | 472,230! 6,918] 3 02 
Middletoniwas, 202. 50405 852 45,2911 744,888] 7.250)........ 752,088 8,889! 3 51 
Mowusenden Sonera. leat bec 1,404 64,929} 2,368,750) 5.4501 2,500 2,376,700] 14,886| 3 87 
Walsingham, N............ | 77d) 89,675) BO1,780l, 1,800!) 2.2. | 553,080] 7,592] 3 38 
Walsingham, S ............ 726| 51,534!  669.337| 6,555 250  676,142| 9,864! 5 42 
Wandhanee. toot os ooh. | 1,349} 66,719 1,619,494] 11,750! 400 1,631,644, 12,420] 3 14 
Woodhouse! sii. se 778 34,516 1,117,279! 2,075 70 1,120,104 9,803! 4 41 
| 
Total sural 1895. | 7,828! 398,015 8,464,368) 60,480 7,000 8,531,798] 80,659) 3 66 
eee a | 1894. ah 395,737 8,481,527| 59,370| 18,690} 8,554,587, 84,818! 3 95 
ISi ia cdeee eae nea On hats he 1,026 797;  809,026| 60,550} 42,285] 911,860]  20,757| 7 84 
Delhi ts oe tnd he ek 272 R00; 136,858} 10,175|........ 147,033;  2,464| 2 89 
BortsDovero achovas coke 338 413| 237,215 9,625] 3,330 250,170 5,334] 4 66 
PorpeRowans ie). cs.) soe 214! FOO. ~—«-107,7601 10,750 400' 118910! 2,521! 3 96 
Waterford it..c20. eats. ce. a on 321,525 23,150, 1,800/ 346,475 8,023) 6 92 
Pars(encay feet 2,298} 2,678! 1,612,388] 114,250 47,815’ 1,774,448] 39,099 6 07 
Seat are 1804 | 2,227;  2,614| 1,590,128’ 121,585! 43,930 1,755,643} 35,986, 5 93 
HALDIMAND: | 
@ahborough’ +4 t,o onc. SAS 01d PO enO 21 SO #. satele eka i 352,180, 3,238) 3 54 
Cayura: Nant sis ss ss BRI 32-746) 9 (742,085\) 4,000 746,035 6,030! 3 55 
arg lke & Geen ae 245| 13,263! 398,625! 1,000) 2,350) 401,975; 2,496] 3 03 
LED TEN any er ani a 9297| 14.774, 415,108] 16,940|....... 432,048!  8,533| 3 99 
Moulton. .... 675} 27,000]  611,000]........ ee 611,000 6,203' 3 44 
AYOBIC AG eee. Lily Saws hes 523| 32,546 961,430 350| 1,100; 96,880 7,689| 4 85 
Raha i. Soe oe 516) 25,656! 560,865! 2,700)........ 563,065, 5,539, 3 28 
SSE CHG Mate Se tr saw es 732| 41,747| 896,990 1,700 Ge oS 898,690| 8,061) 4 23 
Riierorsciet 6.8. Poe 112} 4,655} ~—-153,933!.. Pit eee sae 153,938] 0. 1, 162iae id 
Walpole so. Wels ee hace | 1,330! 66,675) 1,927,185; 12,250! 400| 1,939,835) 17,838 4 20 
Total f1895.. Lor 980,510} 7,018,85L! 38,940! 3,850} 7,061,641) 61,789 3 88 
Sa a eal do (1894..| 5,172] 280,132] 7,049,617], 40,190, 3,250! 7,093,057] 64,627) 4 07 
| | 5 
MPaledOnIA Te ie tele | 391 547, 159,929! 13,050! 4,070} 177,049 3,932; 4 10 
"ere, Sak Bk ea 246; 1,003! 156,350] 7,400] 4,500} 168,250; 3,470, 318 
Dunnvillarante ete wl sce. *636 935 524,460} 75,500] 3,300! 603,260; 10,958) 5 98 
Baveraville i ieiesicss as< 2: 261 334 183,875] 17,025 300, aie 3,722, 3 87 
Total urb 1895. 1,533 2si9 1,024,614 112,975} 12,170 1,149,759 22,082] 4 54 
Sitah eoecegers (1894 1,497| 2,817] 1,006,307! 115,300! 11,500 1,133,107' 22,197| 4 


*There figures are from return of 1894. 


99 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


- Municipalities, 


WELLAND : 
OO wila eeee nee re cee ee ee 
Humberstone 
Pelham 


Thorold 


eee cere reece 
a. bbeaL ely,» ©)e/arels) ‘sivelvel c's viele 
O10 56 Oro 8 6.6) “Ve relle 0's e068 
OG ate Re (0! (6)0e.X0, se) 0. (une. fe. 0.6) so he 
Pie = lee ele cw ee 6.0 6, is © 


CC ee i) 


Niagara Falls 
EE VED OLE tele ncnete a ua ocx eo oe 
Welland..... 
*Bridgeburg . 
Chippawa 
Fort Erie 


eeeeee © e wo eee 


Sele 6 0 fo. Sie a te eae y) lo dia e 


ae ‘aveviageyiale 


Numealid’ soubor a 


Horte©oloormete sn. oe) ee | 


Total urban 


LAMBTON : 
ena WCU iar nse on. (nike sitet a 
PSPOOK Gti oi sey Tet nines viele | 
Dawn 
Enniskillen 
Euphemia. 
IMIGOLEP he Salo ee ee eee caeee | 
Ed pea 0) 05 ele” age Mite ah a OE 
Sarnia 


Cweeeiow ever rs eeeecnue 


(1894... 


LHOTES br thet eee eee emi ee 
Petrolea. . 
Sarnia 


ee 
CC i 


CC i re oD 


Arkona .... 
CRSP Sm te ere ey ys cae 
Point Edward .... 

Thedford ... 
Watford 


over were eeers 
Sorelle phe, dele 8 ee) ip. wile et = 


Shwe at 6 Te, Oi uP 8150) OS Ia ye ib ie le 


Houron: 
A SHGElG Pay ree Nt clue Goes 
Colborne ete ee 
Goderich >. . 


a Fal a28 Pee; ohm ie) a, ew) o Fe re he) eo) 6\ce 


No. of 
rate- 


payers. 


1,250 
446 
875 

+773 
673 
843 
819 
31t 


5,990 
6,152 
1,394 
760| 
672 


10,919 
10,985| 


568 
1,821 
1,761 
391 
185 
335 
329 
205 
385 
294 


6,274 
5,904 


749 
665 
785| 
1,080 
1,008 
1,205 
939 


No. of 
acres 
as- 


sessed. 


34,911) 
19,189 
30,839 
28,822 
20,984 
92..708| 
51,311 
18,716 


227,480 
228,208} 


1,08? 
780 
700 
490 
192 
678 
999 
204 


4 495 
3,918 


70 982) 
74,023 
65,516 
$1,347 
59,075 
73, 212 
75,015 
88,530 
72,366 


69,976 


660,042 
661,136 


950 
2,700 
1,450 

44] 

500 
1,883, 

718) 

460) 

400 

479 


9,981) 
9,993 


63,814 
33, 857 
52,274 
64,822 
53,043 
68.513 
53,473 


Real 9 | Fer pea | 
property. | pro- | income. 
perty. 
$ $ | $ 
1,466,570! 31,840) 3,900 
404,593] 6,925 400 
835,285} 20,750} 2,575 
932,035] 21,925 400 
797,745| 26,195} 3,900 
640,905 30,275! ‘1,700 
1,005,000 29,100}. 500! 
18,780 10,475] ..... A 
6,500,920 177,525] 18,875) 
poe] 188,242} 18,525 
1,969,310) 75,150, 5,600} 
571,727| 32,600; 4,050’ 
516,629, 66,060) 14,500 
UD TSBb > 8 ATO eee. eee 
119:725)" © .7,100'- 1.000 
304,668 6,025} 13,000 
255,859| 9,850! 10,100 
280,175| 22,875} 4,425 
4,475,478] 228,130] 52,675! 
3,998,801} £05,255} 58,741 
1,555,836} AO aicrenee ee 
1,096 ,050)\iaek aor Nianaeane 
B2640| Mind DOOR One ee 
1488/1600} 2 99,80), 
LOIAT7TIUNACIO eee 
1,745,434| 14,120] — 1,550 
2,068,150!  2,100)..;.. iF 
742, 89512 60a 400 
1,076,910  3,800]........ 

Disha ote 
14,547,272, 33,760} 1,950 
14,833,684] 43,630} 2,450 
311,395, 20125} 3,500 
1,071,990) 53,600} 65,650 
1,818,110) 152 672, 107,435 
188,965) 18,625. ....., 
79.7001 8, ABOW oes | 
226,105} 19,000).....;.. 
200;2201 Sid 4b) ouch 
SOOO P7950) ak ee 
216,085] 30,475] 2,495 
115,510) 11,725) 1,350 
4,318,910) 319,467] 180,360 
4,304,705) 320,080] 190,288, 
1678805 | es SO0l oan 
1,169,705] 4,800 400 
ssa ky ets Canoe eee Bate «xo 
1,696,125)  4,400/....... 
1,879,660] 19,700 1,300 
2,131,728] 13,550 600 
2,145,460! 4,450 900] 


*Incorporated in 195. 


Assessed values. 


Total. 


$ 


1,502,360 
411,918 
858,610 
954,360 
827,840 
672,880 

1,034,600 
429, 262 


6,691,830 
7,246,676 


2,050,060 
608,377 
627,189 
435,855 
127,825 
423,693 
275,809 
307,475 


4,756,283 
4,262,797 


1,556,286 
1,996,080 

873,890 
1,445 9x0 
1,018,327 
1,761,114 
2,070,250 


743 225! 


1,080,710 
2,037, 150 


14.582, 982 
14,879,664 


334,930 
1,191.15" 
2,078,217 

207,590 

83, 150 
245,105 
202,065 

93,960 
248, 985 


\ 


128,585, 


4,813,737 
4,815,023 


| 


Taxes imposed 
forall purposes. 


| Per 
Total. head: 
$ | $ c. 
10,882) 3 56. 
4.748] 4 84 
8,750 3 32 
8,079, 3 36 
8,249 4 03 
7,498| 3 88 
11,765| 4 76 
4,275 4 65 
| 
64,246 3 90 
ee 3 87 
37,655 10 08 
16.568| 7 38 
14,280 7 40 
4,857 3 91 
1,706 311 
3.549 417 
6,302 4 81 
= 3 95 
89,434 6 &8 
80,273 6 84 
| 
ieee 617 
25,742| 7 87 
93.656| 7 84 
£0,091! 5 79 
9,606| 4 34 
27,548 5 48 
21,469 6 42 
17,642 8 23 
22,0°0 6 05 
15,559 4 51 
| 
208,267| 618 
219,782) 6 38 
8,803! . 5 33 
34,264| 7 89 
54,957! 8 74 
8 797! 3 60 
1,1521 2 42 
4,896| 4 89 
3,658] 2 60 
1,626; 2 79 
6,147! 4 &8 
2,995. 3 64 
121,795! 6 48 
121,589} 6 29 
13,921) 413 
8,v82) 4 59 
11,206] 4 42 
15.517| 4 26 
1h,1v8 8.74 
15.401! 3 53 


12,743, 4 40 


—_—_—_—_e———————n—n—s sn kr eee 


tThese figures are from return of 1894, 


4 


ee es a ee. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), A. 1896 


\ 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


Taxes imposed 


No. of Assessed values. for all purposes. 
44 ES 
hee No. of Rane | 
Municipalities. rate- ae Real Per- Tasabls Por 
ers sonal otal Total 
payers. | sessed. | property. | pro- | income. head 
| perty. 

Bebe Ce Se ee | Saas |e eee ae ae DE epee eth if LR od eh 

| ea 
Hvuron.—Con. | 

GIO ers sean fais Pages | 800) 51,972} 1,830,110|........ 1;400} 1jS31;510|- 10,9597, VSc07 
IVEGrr tae Merrie 5c hs'e4« ats ton! of | 697; 54,520, 1,758,481 S400) sw. va) GES 11,885) 4 17 
PIUNIIO VIE ay Rite inc Set igs &: 727 43,320! 1,657,910 9.600) 5% sci ss 1,660,540) 10,556; 4 72 
SIGE et ake hee whe ne os cutalns 1,181]. 56,726) 1,793,493 10, 400) Basics ake 1,803,893 18,340 4 79 
fae cePamith oes os clr sue 666; 40,838 1,934,330) 5,700) 1,200} 1,941,230; 10,651] 4 07 
MPGPHOCLPY 0's ce fe cs 4 c oege hens 645} 35,568) 1,052,435 2,800, Pam, Sh ehese 1,055,235 7.3561 3 12 
MIO RES oe Ts Mic oc Bis wleke Pn es 709} 42,680 1,845,950, 5,050; 600} 1,851,600) 10,377! 4 32 
DWeaseanoshs Ey cla. cng aaa 455) 41,735| 1,187,540, So0eent cin 1,188,440] - 7,971| 4 33 
Weawan0sb,, Woy... Was os 750) *41,683 eet is 500) 1,137,450 8,294| 3 88 
Rarer val 1895. | 13,061} 798,838] 26,411,539 95,450 6,800 26,513,789| 188,587; 4 11 
seit he 1894.. cee 799,824 eas 112,000 #000 EN 188,360} 4 12 
ORI OTIS OMEGA. Sein ahs 829 909| 567,680| 21,100 9,700 598,480] 12,3880] 5 07 
GComervele® 2 Fe Rie ee Fre | 1,160 1,000, 970,685} 63,625] 35,170] 1,059,480) 25,185) 6 81 
NST ADA TOT at OMI Ps Peete A tncer. Bohl 593 550) 551,248) 74,375 8,400! 634,023! 15,317] 6 35 
ECR GI OU i ates nce 634 640 441,048] 71,009 4,700 516,748 10,993} 5 OL 
PAV MOULS ee REG aN ek ca ore eRe 170 1,762 83,913} 2,000 300 86,213 1,306, 2 04 
1B1 sole Repent Wee Pete ies Be tO 256 451 184,415} 19,950 1,050 205,415 3,746) 3 80 
SEUSS a Al arn hoes hea re eset 422 422 259,125) 32,450 3,900 295,475 7,174| 5 96 
PEROPOTS ce Soa ses See a 604 =-1,082 443,290} 44,850 3, 250 491,390 6,964). 3 97 
Wroxeter ..... BOT ence 147 dd * 92,315) - 11,500 100 103,915 1,232| 2 48 
PPacaieie iar 1895.. 4,815'  7,257| 3,593,719] 330,850| 66,570) Sec 84,297| 5 32 
AES: 1894.. 4,834 7,245| 3,588,249 est 73,970! Pec 83,384} 5 31 

| 

BRUCE: | | | 
ERAVOINALIO (LL Sag sould ot Fees 458| 52,592 168,933) 375| Srey te | 169,308 4,547| 3 08 
ATE AWOL Tt AES cep etosesgtiacs * 890} 64,000 634,900 0a 28, (00a arate <. 643,600| 12,175) 4 25 
AT EAI Eee iy rie artistas eld a 862} 54,138] 1,476,010 4200) erie - | 1,477,260 12,072] 4 70 
APA Eerie wie ete aR tee ha ra.9 1,189; 69,579| 2,020,600! 11,900 1,050} 2,033,550| 14,364| 3 36 
Bruce gyi. cok hts cat Aalis 886, 66,961] 1,383,995 GOO rec ek | 1,384,945| 11,209] 3 71 
Warriek ss. .f se td Sale ds cpa 1,238, 59,411] 2,046,840} 19,700)....... 2,066,540} 12,969] 2 55 
Culnose oe oe ee. ba eee 586, 56,567! 1,709,840 B S00 eae | 1,715,140; 8,335| 2 70 
ASGROP 6i,.9) So vat obi tt 336 49,769 176,100 54510) esha 176,250! 4,182| 2 72 
ICOPRUG oh das oder oc edhe 877' 54,225] 1,301,610 T,800}¢ 3 25.2 | 1,303,410) 11,560] 4 70 
CeTCONOCK. poBrs.s cic. oie hs. 5 869| 63,963] 1,354,260] 39,700].......- 1,393,960 9,322} 3 26 
PAPO Hs trie cee ba ele Ne | 936| 58,082] 1,512,035 6,925 1,800] 1,520,760} 13,904} 3 81 
Boinearcine..e Josten. he 971; 59,040] 1,617,100 4,400 300} 1,621,800 9,826! 3 17 
IRISH We PY. ides sha fete oe a 687| 46,170] 1,151,690 575 400| 1,152,665 7,692| 3 OL 
Lindsay and St. Edmunds .. 321; 62,986 76,890| 6,905]... .... 83,795 2,798| 3 89 
SAU UPL. Wyk re Cote eara eee 471: 36,039 874,820}  1,450)........ | 876,270 4,701| 3 24 

| ! 

Anerlenical 1895.. ail 853,522] 17,505,623; 110,080 3,550| 17,619,253! 139,656] 3 43 
TCGHLS S 1894.. fea 843,417| 17,561,544, 103,735 5,300] 17,670,579! 152,628] 3 83 
FAN COPOUNE Sh bs caekdwe 2% a's 722 1,100 594,005 36,750) 14,150 644,905! 15,477) 5 78 
Walkerton.......... epee ae 1,134 1,350 593,745| 49,300, 15,100 658,145! 13,075] 4 02 
Arno eee. hye ae AL 618 746 361,400| 29,600 4,000 395,000 8,464| 3 88 
hese Yes lk nan. Saeed Soue ae | 402 500 302,425] 33,725’ 7,900 344,050 6,594| 3 79 
Mite awake cet ett Seine press Seo 366 500 240,57 11 < 49,47 Dl. os Sales 290,046 6,182} 4 47 
TIBLGV AS E e es pse Bree 462 500 261,640) Sad, JOO. 5 cis cere 294,890 4,899, 417 
ParteiGurin’ (aa eeeitean con ss | 470 600 273,210) 31,325, 1,950 306,485 6,134| 4 32 
Bonsai pton ay a7 vee tte a os 496 3,000 209,766 O7O0 Dea uls te 219,466 4,406| 3 03 
ab ieter Se lilo ts eas A oes oboe | 188 500 176,780} 42,275 2,500 221,555' 3,102| 4 37 
PROORAV ALOIS Gh ce Mine's ooh Hs : 293 474 215,820] 35,300 1,300 252,420 5,102| 4 44 
avereai eel Mas) ah Phe: 144 ol 73,840|0 6 .3,700| 005.8 77,5901  1,574| 3 17 
Meee nrhan 1895... 5,205 | 9,770 3,308,209 slay 46,900' 3,704,552] 75,009] 4 25 


Sea ait Deal 9,714 S| 329,275 nen Beane eid 4 50 
| tk, Bea Gy 


*These figures are from returns of 1894, on account of 1895 not having been received in time. 


5 


v9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). SAL T896 
Se ea Es i 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


| ; 
Taxes imposed 


No ot Assessed values. for all purpores. 
No. of Slane 
Municipalities. rate- as- Real Per- 1 Taxable Per 
sona 
Payers. | sessed. property. | pro- | income. Total. Totel. head. 
perty. 

GREY: | | $ $ $ $ | $ $ c. 
JA TUCO Ia: crt avr s he ee 1,116' 68,262! 999,450 42 DU at ane 1,003,700} 10,578] 3 OL 
‘Bentinck yas, OW ree | 1,557 70,261}. 15319,600[: * 14,430} «0. 25 00, 1,334,030] 15,092] 3 24 
Collingwoonrtee, & scot le 1,208 68,600} 1,249,063 3; LOO React 1,251,763} 15,569} 4 45 
Derby yee ae attain ok le 638 40,161 44 5,000 6c eee gl ce take 775,050 6,228): 3.3.26 
Egremont .......... sae 840 72,499} 1,523,364 Sy AOOI she, Sse 1,531,814] 12,238} 3 62 
Euphrasia ce each. rs A j oad O97 72,000} 1,801,030 4,200} . 1,100} 1,306,330 9,833; 2 91 
Glen elon aes Ryn) Wy hy 938 67,654 351,887 300 1,300 653,487 7,335| 2 43 
Hollpatiaes Oe Bosc Teeny, 1,088} 68,775) 647,584] 3,200; ~—-:1,000] ~—«651,784] 6512/1 90 
Keppel ..... RG OTe Ran T3133 90,067 680,722 2,200 75 682,997} 11,476] 2 96 
Normenby acts os. ee 1,104 68,146} 1,472,515 HEROS Darwenben) ap 1,482,215} 17,007| 3 49 
OSpravwen wits eon ee ee ole 024 70,797 SOO:B9GN: <> cma kip eles 800,595 6,968} 2 10: 
IPULON at ete | uc ues 944 79,450 802,735 1, S50 Ta Soe 804,685} 10,291; 3 32 
Sosy ancenbtay ace h wane lan. 1,051 65,019) S499, S45]. eho ee ee 1,492,345] 11,422) 3 89 
Sarawak’ jou t: 2. omen ay 521 10,843 Aooh ick ae eee ele 252,311 4,258) 3 62 
UNEvary any ene tae 928 74,300) 1,157,925: 18,500)........ 1,176,425 9,326). (2°72 
ydenhain sta hah ae", 1,097 73,183; 1,156,200 ZA S00 wee 1,158,500} 10,190) 2 82 

| . 

Total rural 1895..| 16,284 1,062,417; 16,282,376) 72,180 3,475, 16,358,031| tes ete 3 09 
ae ities 1894..| 15,904) 1,061,350, 16,202,436} 68,250 oto 16,275,461; 174,035] 3 29 

OUTTA BOO ee Be oe te a 436 1,100 953,220 39,250 5,500 297,970 7,036] 5 70 
LAGE PET RNA On Aa mi ee | 645 1,500 526,947| 36.800 5,200 568,947] 11,452) 5 96 
PWORMOOUNG WM wipes, hein ee 2,251 6,120! 2,375,108) 136.777] 51915] 2,563,800} 70,165} 9 40 
LHOTRDUTY Route) is van ER 314 900! 217,280 6.000|....... 223, 280 3,615} 4 18 
Dunds lesa ates ees 2 aS 264 440 113,770 6,350.05 5.04 120,120 2,417|, 3 18 
Misti dale Pea ae Vie 212 950 144,760) 138,575 1,600 159,935, 4.666 2.24 

| 

Tatatirban Head é 4,122 11,010) 3,631,085 238 752} 64,215' 3,934,052! 96,341] 7 42 

Bre mcs hy 1894... 4,124 11,010 aes 228,950} 42,825 3,940,376; 96,977] 7 66 
IMCOE 
Adialaci ete ss ge ahr | 720 45, 860 848,685! 3,600! 1,400) 853,685: 8,041] 4 18 
saa ore ate. hin one hk fe | 1,163 68,487} 1,320,464 A001. 00.05 1,323,564) 14,125! 3 55 
LOB gar NS. A hes ONT a 991 63,602 630,497 7.200 1,200 638,897 | 13,373, 4 06 
Gwillimbury, W............ 875 46,916] 1,049,652 1,800| NN oe | 1,051,452 9,858 4 15 
ATT eeu int Poe 1,117} 69,770) 1,411,248 500; 800 1,412,548 12.868] 3 42 
Matchedssh oooh cD LT 18,557 DB.426 open | eee | 56,425 996} 2 53 
Medonge:eioorias ag) oa 1,179 66,288! 512,524 4 O50) caus 516,574 10,198} 2 81 
Nottawasaga ............... | 15599) 89,580 1) 2°213,977( soc en | qasieoee 2,213,277, 22,984] 4 66 
Orillingy taro wer gies nel 1,123 72,507 547,353! 1,400! 1,500 550,283; 9,731) 2 74 
OPO aah tO, nak e DE LIGA 7S 258g 1604S COoh were Linnean ty | 1,043,692 10,940! 2 76 
Sunnidale se pase ae anc | 638 54,857 473,025 4,000}........ 477,025 9,494] 4 05 
Vay 5.00. eh Arid Sam ees 1,073! 46,774! 475,767) 12.850 2,300 490,917 9,530| 2 58 
(leoumpeth’ waiisiie., Soe) ss 1321. 65,693} 1,683,555 DADO Wise csteh § 1,686,005| 13,885 4 07 
PRAY ay Rar cite kee en ie: 1,032 78,205 GIS (9300p, OOO er canta: 653,783, 12,333 3 33 
PGRSOPOR EIGN oli veri sud oe | 559 44,650 779,118! LOO 779, 218| 7,861; 4 95 
Wi Ahessy 0° St te ORS a a RE 962 62,060 514,352 L100) ovens a 515,432, 9,487) 3 47 

| | 

otal rural 1895..| 15,385! 967,044 14,208,377, 47,200 7,200] 14,262,777| 175,704. 3 57 
Ah SS er 1894..} 15,281] 963,071] 14,516,922 45,545 9,100} 14,571,567} 176,663 3 58 

| 

PAWEL SE OVE) oc at ine malta Set A oe 418 500 307,795 ~ 11,625 4.400 323,820 7,046 3 

LOM ETOHN te erie amen e we ee ss 1,220 2,100} 1,299,810} 77,900! 58,650) 1,436,360] 30,552) 6 08 
COUIRGWOOd ws cee oo Gols 1,860 4,400; 1,185,023} 44,500 14,300 1,243,823] 31,512) 5 82 
Midland (3 Pee oh Rev gaa 707 467 417,300 a ODO tain ae 427,250] 9, 7401-5. 27, 
I TPUUN OE A ite ape feet 1,406 1,600 1,158, 634| 77,650, 17,100| 1,253,384; 27,664; 5 48 
Penetanguishene ............ 631 1,716 406,520, 20,550 1,150 428,220' 11,468 4 76 
Sidarinie itrG i prek. | oo. 411 1,139} 200,155) 12,800 4001 213,355| 42772 3. 94 
Allandale .......... esas tbs 346 477 FS2: 160) Pe tevin | 132,165 2,425 2 48 
Beeston ress. eer hone 180 425 108,000 OL 5O iene 114,150 2,396 3 55 
Bradtor dis eine ta eel 264 i yd 230,263 18,600! ... . . 248,763 4,902 5 36 
Creemore ............ 1... 268 515 67,525 6, 32D ae wae | 73,850 2,159] 3 74 
Moctonhaniin. ie. chins Lo 188 400 LET LORE 17: 300i eres | 125,015 2,953] 5 43 

| 
Total arian Crean. : 7,839 15.49 5,630,905} 303,250! 96,000] 6,030,155) 137,589 5 18 
sy 1894. . 7,346 15,396! 5,557,640] 328,680! 91,200! 5,977,520 134,171’ 6 22 


6 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


Municipalities. 


MIDDLESEX : 
Adelaide 
Biddulph 
Caradoc 


be ene Midas Tie d.@ « 6 érebe (a © 
ee Y 
re 
eeecee scooters ec eeesn 

Whe) es Wey 10) “Ce wo, we ere, 


weer we eee eee ee te 


Ekfrid 


London 
McGillivray 
Metcalfe 
Moso 
Nissouri, W 
Westminster 
Williams, E 
Williams yt Wc teint fee ove mc iss 


ze we 0) Se euk Rielle) ele! Matin cleus 

es 

Ce 2 eT 

eee r ee ee we eee eee te oe oe 

Ce ee 
Orie) eine (eld ielge).6 6 


Ce ry 


Total rural 


Parkhill 
Strathroy 
Ailsa Craig 
Glencoe 
London West 
Lucan ..... RE ACA Bie see Nes 
Newbury i335 tian fue Rh 
Wardsville 


er) 

Ce 
eve sve Bese ere 

wLete ne 6 8.0 e168 © 0 0.0 es bts = 


ey 


OXFORD : 

. Blandford 
Blenheim 
Dereham 
Nisgouri, E 
Norwich, N 
Norwich, 8 


see eee rere eee essere 
"ee @e ee eee sonore? 


a She) 6 elec eel 6 ie, ele a 2 


OG) 51 G0 “eae iste ele is Hee ie % 


Ce 


2: 01, (9) a's 


Ingersoll 
Tilsonburg 

WY OOURIGCK 2 cll J We, Sas caters 
LITT alt Gee ng seg pn po RR 
PN OE MAC HSS A. She tas Bute Cid 2 


Er eet Clee) ge) 8 6 use ese) 0) P 


6,6, 66, 6. ole oO 0 a ee 5 88 


Total urban 


2) 62 Ono 3 


BRANT : 
Brantford 
Burford 


Ce 


eee CFR eer eee ee cee 


No. of 
No. of | aie 
rate as- | Real 
Payers. | sessed. | property. 
| 
ited 
854! 44,190 868,044]... 
677| 39,245] 1,211,495 
1,247) 62,030] 1,195,626 
543\ 23,394 588,775 
1,205} 51,599} 1,681,830 
971| 53,444! 2,003,040 
966] 47,275| 1,751,163 
2,472) 99,919] 4,156,740) 
1,026] 66,842] 2,033,210 
695| 36,179 999,560 
834| 47,178 575,910 
823° 49,580] 1,496,800 
1,712| 62,961] 3,062,650)... 
600| 38,5771 1,350,642 
449] 35,113 604,330 
15,074] 757,526] 23,579,815! 
15,315} 758,151) 23,686,375 
527 561 286,805 
939] 2,200 868,770 
220 443 134,475 
*348 425 257,635 
635 414 336,355 
*283 500 164,995 
133 500 58,115 
es] 417 54,980 
3,2191 5,460) 2,162,130 
3,244 5,404! 2,133,238 
556 29,674 Doge. 000| 
1,520. 66,887| 2,276,200 
1,220| 65,180] 2,360,595 
969| 46,4841 2,135,120 
752| 33,862; 1,518,130! 
974| 35,523 952,910 
682] 34,721] 1,489,555 
453| 21,135 882,952 
727| 25,800 1,066,040 
1,013' 57,518] 2,704,075 
1,018] 55,114] 2,590,000 
9,884] 471,848] 19,045,497 
9,725| 472,052] 19,084,075 
1,636] 2,200! 1,326,770 
873| 2,000! 649,360 
2,315|  1,525| 2,529,100 
263} 1,340 183,058 
446 *575 260,830 
5,533; 7,640! 4,949,118 
5,475! 7,640) 4,916,778 
5G 71,901) 3,789,835 
1,564] 66,365 2,178,540) 
883, 46 644 Se 


Assessed values. 


pro- 
perty. 


eee eee ee 


ooh = le. Teale 


see e wees 


43,010 
B71 85 


26,200 
52,840 
| 


16,850 


| 
110,390 
106,910 


5,450 
10,320 
9,800 
8 000 
11,750 
43,895 
1,200 
300) 
8,650 
1,100 


100,465 
105,576 


49,450 
62,350 
127,400 
7,300 
14,800 


261,300 
252,900! 


100,400 
62,985 
33,850) 


| 


income. 


“i 


eee eenmes 


eee ee eee 


Total. 


$ 


868,044 
1,212,845 
1,196,026 

591,675 
1,681,830 
2,032, 700 
1,758,363 
4,162,940 
2,033,210 
1,001,510 

576,010 
1,496,800 
3,062, 650 
1 351,542 

604,330 


7,650] 23,630,475 
8,110] 28,751,620 


2,850 
16,476| 


cee ee eee 


4 Bs) © 2 ere e 


er 


315, 855 
938,086 
134,475 
279, 285 
339,355 
171,395 

60,515 

57,780 


0,096.746| 
2,263,598 


1,075,970 
2,289,770 
2,371,745 
2,145,220) 
1,530,780 

997,605 
1,490 955 

885,152 
1,066,340) 
2,715,375) 
2,591, 100 


14,050) 19,160,012 
cee ae 


27,930 
2,400 
65,750 
2,600 
4,600 


103,250 
101,515 


9,350 


1,100 
5,300 


*These are taken from return of 1894. 


7 


1,404, 150! 
714,110 
2,722,250 
192,958 
280,230 


5,313,698 
5,271,193 


3,899,585 
2,242, 625 
2, 329,661 


A 1896 


Taxes imposed! 


for all purposes. 

Per 

Total. » head) 
$ $ c. 
Taye 5 00: 
10,349| 4 29 
19,301] 5 04 
9,248} 6 02 
17,948| 4 92 
17,127} 6 43 
16,178} 5 98 
39,422] 4 59 
15,253} 5 09 
11,727| 7 63 
13,176} 4 90 
15,736] 6 12 
23;7791, Dy 11 
9,964; 6 70 
8,650) 5 37 
238,994 5 29 
247,506, 5 56 

| 

7,786! 4 96 
20,747| 6 79 
2,513! 3 53 
5,394| 5 34 
8,967} 4 61 
3,661] 4 56 
1,414) 3 51 
1,183! 3 55 
51,665} 5 25. 
52,248; 5 41 
6,962) 4 22 
18,746} 3 97 
18,929! 5 30 
10,491| 3 89 
11,576| 5 30 
9,460} 3 86. 
8,318] 4 22 
6,026} 4 50 
7,213|. 3°59 
20,704} 5 50 
13,798] 5 18. 
132,223] 4 56 
137,919} 4 75 
31,353! 7 OL 
14,937| 6 93 
60,239] 6 85 
2,575, 417 
6,104! 5 22 
are 6 70 
118,617; 6 84 

| 

24,382 4 62: 
15,680 3 39 


eat 5 08. 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No, 36). 


A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.— Continued. 


Assessed values. 


Taxes imposed 


for all purposes. 
Per 

Total head. 
$ $c. 
3,068| 3 99 
5,514 4 44 
63,118 4 28 
68,349 4 68 
19,844, 6 51 
19,096; 6 23 
12,579| 4 62 
13,347| 4 65 
11,966] 5 35 
8,246: 4 40 
15,912, 4 85 
18,019, 4 54 
12,266 5 90 
11,103' 4 97 
14,403] 5 26 
15,295| 5 11 
12,118] 4 14 
145,254) 4 85 
ace 4 96 
15,459, 5 76 
13.513] 613. 
21,569, 6 59 
1,674) 2 77 
52,215] 5 96 
50,669, 5 87 
11,1137 3 49 
11,203) 4 53 
13,219, 3 96 
10,636 3 91 
9,414] 4 16 
8,448] 4 45 
14,364] 4 76 
17,079) 5 53 
7,242) 3 66 
16,450) 3 97 
7,420. 5 26 
11,496: 3 32 
138,084| 4 19 
137,064) 4 09 
8,111; 4 49 
13.528] 5 64 
9,761) 4 92 
5,895; 4 57 
1.594| 2 58 
3,608] 4 15 
6,625) 5 20 
1.239) 2 43 
ibe 4 77 
57,992} 4 68 
57,698 4 80 


No. of 
rat te: No. of acres | | 
Municipalities. rate- t: Real A ante } | Taxable 
: ce sessed. | property.| pro- | income. Total. 
| perty. 

BRANT —Con. | $ | $ 8 $ 
Oakland ares teak, Oho tons 342} 16,416) 391,997] 18,250 700! 405,947] 
Onondaga .......... 388! 20,549! 705,638 | oes -.1 1,200] 706,838 

Total ' (1895. 4,872] 215,875| 9,356,521) 210,485] 17,650) 9,584,636 
Eee Oe anne (1894..| 4,941 ie 9,379,307 | 228,910} 20,565] 9,628,782 

ei (1895..] © 1,148 685, 949,576} 100,089] 15,710] 1,065,375 
Paris, urban. ..... \1894..| 1,014 685| 954,732) 106,200 15,415] 1,076,347 

PERTH : | 
Binustard © tess ee 787| 45,906] 2,102,400; 1,300!........ 2,103,700 
Downie ces koe ey ey 941| 48,570) 2,086,150|........ 800| 2,036,950 
Wauthopes ah ee lee: 714! 43,105] 1,930,915) 6,275} 2,200} 1,939,390 
ABE O DG, eo aie wat 2 eles 608} 23,817 112040 2 LOO} Tate Fa 1,124,640 
Bilicaseeyce wee Moa es 715| 54,334| 1,555,190|........ 800} 1,555,990 
Plas ee 1,019[-. 67,3790" S578 S65). reer ee, 1,578,965 
Pallaroony sen es eee se TOSI 2 AO 244s od BODA77D| ea lee end 1,892,775 
liberties tuck wes oes 503| 41,439) 1,745,925} 5,350. ...... 1,751,275 
ech vow arena ae at ae he eS 157855 | BS Tal BAe orIObO| Gi ee) he eas | 1,867,250 
Mornington ............... 950]. 49,975: 1,302,775|.....-.. 400! 1,303,175 
Wallscowe st ices) zon 837| 49,938, TO F001 sass 1,287,862 

| 
ate earn) Bs 8,637| 518,481] 18,422,047 bon 4,200 teicigea 
asses 11894..1 8 383] 518,168] 18,356,746 We 2,800) 18,375,071! 
Listowel .......... BS Bas ike 1,081| 1,700 689, 9801 60,800] 7,300] 758,080 
Mechelle oe ee a 664; 1,200) 591,020] 70,275] 6,850] 668,145 
BSE Marys des ves es oon fs 1,072! 2,642] 1,085,365} 85,900/ 24,850! 1,196,115 
Milverton: occ Aiea ten: 134| 460 108;46510*.5,750) osteo | 114,215 
1895... peal 6,002) 2,474,830] 229,725 ee 2,736,555 
Total urban ...... | 1894. | 2:874| 6,060! 2,468,103 229595 el 2°720,758 

‘WELLINGTON : | 
TNA AR ate ae ee re 831] 64,480 1,296,210 450/35, wesc 1,296,660 
HPAI OWA Ove. pS ae 740| 44,271 1,816,290} 48,650 100] 1,865,040 
TOES: UMS ain Ahad i ee 1,126} 70,400 2,044,950] 35,450 200| 2,080,600) 
Garafraxa, W ............. | 881} 47,568, 1,083,765] 2,550/........ 1,086,315 
Gralph carers we ete shit | 545 36,723, 1,472,800 26,450] 8,400} 1,507,650 
eather Wiss ateeo meade | 424| 50,192| 609,760;  2,000]........ 611,760 
Maryborough .............. 963| 56,488] 1,157,104} 7,100]........ 1,164,204 
DEIR Te scat iakatann on. 15010)-569:437| 09). 684,170) et eee 1,684,170 
LATA Wattle Mee Cad a _ 800! 26,669} 1,111,985! 21,900)........ | 1,133,885 
Peele oS Ii Rey ee 1,173! 574, 375100 15881) 205m ee Oe a 1,881,205 
Pilkimpton We vero ee on BSB 29015) “TOSoli ee ot ee | 1,043,121 
Poelmen eee ey 870| 58,503 1,402,990) 39,620! 2,510! 1,445,120 

bel aoa) 1895! 9,916] 628,121) 16,604,350] 184,170] 11,210] 16,799,730 
Je 18941 9,676} 626,966 16,611,886] 176,805] 14,210! 16,802,901 

Harriston ....00..c0cceeeeee 518 903|  371,240| 27,8001  3,500| 402,540 
Mount Forest ........0.-- 638) 1,414] 550,525} 52100] 12,300| 614.925 
Palmerston .....0000.0000- 708 919] 347,060) 43,600] 4,650! 405,210 
Avenir! seas tek os al 402 994)  201,280{ 29,125 750| 231,155 
Cliffords #e poate: BN ce 190 443] . 106,925| 11.500]........ 118,425 
Drayton see ssek se eae ROT 4141. 18098 019 Codes: 152,710 
Elona Fe ec eee ee eee | 406} 850} 288,250] 23:100"" 4,150] 315.500 

Brin te eee Wes | clea | 159 488 94,810. 10.200) 1,000} 106,010 
TEOT RUB FO ha cee ae 547 oo 374,771; 35,100! 5,100} 414,971 

1895) 3,8441 7,405! 2,484,671 Pee 31,450 peer ae 
Total urban ........ 1894) 3,640] 7,a12| 2,453,646) 234,100 


ey ee 


*Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


59 Victoria. Sessicnal Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


| : Taxes imposed 
No. of Assessed values. 


| for all purposes® 
: | No. of ante | i nig 
Municipalities. rate- AG Real erie Taable Par 
sona 
payers. | sessed. | property. | pro- | income. Total. Total. head. 
perty. 
rae resi $ 3 $ c. 
WATERLOO : | | | 
Promitrice, No act cdestes ss 785| 44,298 2, 093,265} 11,050] 1,900} 2,106,215] 8,887; 3 94 
WU ATEEIOO Wakes aedeae ae ey L383 16981, 8001 3,910,780 ws) tes paces 3,910.730| 26,288! 3 77. 
Woallesley soni cclued. pais. 1045] 65,924] 2.103.175)... 650! 2,103,825) 15,894 317 
itp erate) CcoReiae: Mi ane Oko ete le 1,305] 60,758) 2.714.763| 27,750| 6,100] 2,747,615] 19,4°8 3 66 
Woolwich. i. ifr hdas ok 1,157] 53,286] 2. 754,022) 34,640) 2,285) 2,791,307, 17,464 3 94 
Total 1 1895! 5,625! 306.066] 13.576,457| 73,440; 9,885] 13,659,782 87,941 3 67 
Uy ia bond Mesias. 1894! 5,629] 306,380) 13,995,838] 86,260] 12,215] 14,094,313] 92,260 3 82 
| 
CTE Ge Rane ae aR MOR ee 2 o16| 9,885| 2,427.691| 169,700} 38,900} 2,636,291] 43,850 5 64 
tilt Ripsah lc AS et sh oa, 1,991! 1,477] 2,559,945] 209,550] 64.100, 2,824,595] 49,265 6 64 
Woatevlo: Skye sise ewe 8 880 2,800 1,164,720] 146,175] 23,000! 1,3%3,895| 19,103! 5 92 
0. Goa er Aya ee tay 357 356|  266,967| 15,150) 1 ,000} O83, 1E7 44420 roel 
Blinirae yo. cue eae ae Se 260 529| 276,650] 24.900) 1,150, 302,700 29:0! 285 
Peapeler sc. ay senna 448 611| 488.995} 93.350| 3,500 515,845) 6,708] 3 62 
New Hamburg ..... ....-. 3261 950}  802,594' 31,900] 5,364/ — 339,,8! 58) 5,177) 4 43 
“Dat 7 EIEN Pe RTO | 608; 1,667/ 526,050] 40,400) 7,500 573,950 8,676} 4 30 
ai ona 1895| 6,885] 10,675] 8,013,612} 652,125' 144,514) 8,310,251} 140, 161 5 53 
AME Dae a hea tier abet ed noe 6,837 1p 496 7,916,656] 659,465, 144,389) 8,720,460! 132,293 5 40 
DUFFERIN : 
Amiarantieeecyko ces saek8e | 785 63, 404| 1,052,875! DOO a be 1,052,575| 12,982 4 94 
Garafraxa, BE ....:......+- | 618| 39,590] 1,134,600, 1,300......... 1,135,900] 8,927, 4 46 
Dyathere Bo)... ones ae 545| 39,030] 651,450} 15,000......... 666, 150| 9,508 414 
Blolavichuon, oe sec ates Soe oo 1,102| 74,509} 819,001} 6,200]:....... 825,201| 14.362 3 96 
Moros ee hoes (OS A et AL 6918S] a7 54.G0012 | 3: 1D0) ees. . 737.750] 11,633 3 46 
Mlnlmuba. acsa Gains cca Bae 69,850 AS SONTRS LENE e NL a 2h 1,382,785| 12,568] 4 22 
Total rural (1895! 5,038] 255,F6i| 5,774,811 25,850 Bake 5,800,661] 69,960, 4 15 
Ue hema echt deg Oe 4,813] 356,772| 5,786.445| 24,210)........ 5,810,655) 72, 864, 4 37 
Orangeville .....ccec cee eeee | 1,071] 1,500] 785,470} 31,150! 13,200] 829,920 (aa 4 47 
Shelburne ihc Co asewhs os oes 344 ay 341,275 1,100} 6,200! 348,576! 5,685) 4 87 
Total urb 1895} 1,415/ 2,000) 1,126.745] 32,250} 19,500! 1,178,495| 22,233) 4 67 
Ht eb gS AE Sk 1894 1,413) 2,000] 1,106,073] 34,050} 20,100) 1,160,223 1 4 54 
GLINCOLN : | | 
EET ee cane SER 565| 32,757|  654,385|........ | goo] 655,285! 6,476] 3 87 
Clinton ie a seeaen s bari ese 651! 25,039] 968,341] 51,020| 1,147! 1,020,598] 9,799) 5 16 
Cainsboror i) eee aes ns, 926| 39,830] 1,029,269|......-.|.....-- ' 1,029,269! 9,721] 3 92 
Grarthaitiebe.: 1.46) do ced es 697| 18,931 725,950}, 10,200 400! 736,550| 8968] 5 00 
Gensby tN ones adds tee 596| 15,648] 734.870} 14,670 1,300| 750,840,  7,074| 6 07 
Grimsby 7S ooeskkst ke sheets 556] 18,188] 562,671) 12,983]...... 57b.654|  6,487| 4 82 
Ttige tt nee an atk 572| 18.914]  707,391| 6,900) 2,679) 716,970! 8,789| 5 OL 
Rcapata te ieee eke oe te 711] 22'263|  889,310|........ | 2000! 891,310! 9,122) -5 09 
Ee date 1895| 5,278 Wied 6.272,187| 95,773: 8.4961 6,376,386] 66,426] 4 78 
anette ce ee 1894| 5,154] 191,896 6,279,643] 90,138: 9,621) 6,379,402, 68,919, 5 00 
| | 
Wiagara. Bcluatee eects ik: 500 591' 469,720] 16,975 600| 487,295! 9,384] 7 18 
Panmavillors eos. ie boeeiae ae oA 530 166450) 15,300] 1.200} 183.050] 3,862| 4 17 
KIND Vie ek oe Se cies Take 346 488 191,750! 9,050 700! 201.500] 3,635) 3 88 
Weriitton «fio coeds os 447 441] 643810] 17,550| 1,200) 662560) 11,900] 7 46 
Port Dalhousie .... ....--. 250 ADO LESS LOD ee Oe a. eas 183,155} 3,993] 3 95 
Total urb 18955 1,764] 2,450, 1,604,985] 58,875! 3,700} 1,667,560, 32,774) 5 67 
Ce aaa ae ars \" 1804 1,663 2,423 1,604,065] 63,775] 11,950 1,679,790! areas 5 63 
‘WENTWORTH : | | | 
easterly. foc ced ok ea ees 1,411| 45,852] 2,220,100! 12,550! 1,800 2, 234,450; 18,200} 38 24 
Barton ee Le cits ds 1,056] 13,100} 1, Ra 3 000] 1,238,814] 7,520] 2 16 
Baverly ee ee ee dees 1316| 70,111) 1. 99) 9061 5,950'......., 1,996,856 14,819} 3 44 
9 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


Taxes imposed 
Assessed values. P 


No. of for all purposes. 
No. of SUE G TT) Soest ay 
Municipalities rate ages Per | 
unicipalities. - - 
as- Real Peay Taxable aN Hie er 
Payers: | sessed. property. | pro- | income. ; »" | head. 
perty. 
area 
| $ | $ $ $ | $c. 
WENTWORTH.— Con. | 
PLUDLORE Re cra one ew, Lanes 500| 26,386 965,350 2,400 400 968,150 4,924 $3 41 
Flamboro’, E 817; 33,828} 1,695,600 7,500/- 3,925} 1.707,025 7,649 3 02 
WW AATHDOFG suWV ie Fools ole ai 1,085} 31,140} 1,286,719 6,050 2,400} 1,295,169} 10,575: 3 67 
Giantord fe feu eas 544' 23,529) 1,048,775) 15,770 3,260} 1,067,805 4,742 310 
Saltheats wee es ih cee ed 1,053| 28,332] 1,723,067 2,700 1,830} 1,727,597; 10737] 4 16 
Teen ai 1895 7,782) 272,278) 12,165,881] 52,920} 17,115] 12,235,866] 74,166] 3 25 
i he 2 CERO eee as 1894 7,668 oS 12,218,586, 57,870} 19,165! 12,295,621| 72,491} 3 18 
PUN AAS ere er tN py sea 7 a 550 842,465; 89,350} 26,850 958,665; 19,504) 6 55 
Waterdown 272) .. 5.6.3. 0008 257 341 174,800 7,850 1,550 184,200 1,728, 2 48 
Patalarhen { 1895 1,419 891} 1,017,265 97,200, 28,400, 1,142,865; 21,232) 5 77 
Dhl Sy Sorte 11894 1,227 905; 1,030,120) 82,650, 26,100, 1,138,870 20,784) 5 55 
Hatton : | | 
1 Oop Rah yi Ba at a mY at 1,265} 66,696] 2,223,507] 38,690 5,100| 2,267,297; 11,966) 3 16 
Nassagaweya ............. 646 44,801| $84,670} 15,665 5,160} 1,005,495 950) 2 69 
SIBOM ce ves Aare ok a ein ts 1,007} 46,315) 1,802,715 3S G00 (Nae ee 1,806,315} 10,588] 3 72 
LEBER GAP ie Gelb, Patek js: 1,288] 67,021} 2,469,290 2,650 1,900] 2,473,840} 14,158] 3 85 
Totaleural { 1895 4,206; 224,833; 7,480,182! 60,605 12,160 7,552,947; 43,662} 3 39 
are cng 1894 4,053} 225,120) 7,600,762] 63,644; 16,540 7,580,946 44,354) 3 43 
MENLO ee ie are th tee. tN 430 *400 389,664 26, 950 sac 425,564 6,383] 4 69> 
Oakrillewe co lik ee xs oe 655 1,300 473,982, 12,900 2,400 489,282; 11,336] 6 71 
AStOn GRP amy ce. 275 240 248,345 20,300 800 269,445 4,375| 3 46 
Buslngton (oe eure re, 486 490 358,102, 10,4001 13,400 381,902 4,750| 3 75 
Georgetown io eet be. 449 1,087 306,820! 31,450 3,750 342,020 6,962) 4 81 
ALA 1895 2,296] .3,517| 1,776,913] 102,000! 29,300] 1,908,213 33,806] 4 81 
et pemee 1894 2,016 3,472} 1,778,310} 112,900} 13,700 1,904,910, 31,655) 4 65 
| 
PEEL: | | 
PAL DIOD WERE eRe hs oe ee 1,019} 655,845! 1,166,775 el DOwias mares 1,169.525 9,602; 3 43. 
laled ommei cat Wind) S84, 1,546] 68,260] 1,801,400 9,100, 400; 1,810,900} 12,714) 3 15 
Chinguacousy .............. 1,409} 80,063} 2,916,445 3,900 A 2,920,345} 17,406! 4 16. 
PEGrOnTO Ie, tobias nels eu raat 1,767| 65,157) 2,721,726 6, 800| 3,100 2,731,625) 21,558! 4 16 
MOronto Gore 48 301; 19,009 me 750 aN as ey eae 4 64 
Ratebecocal 1895 6,042} 288,334) 9,345,790} 23,300! 3,500] 9,372,590 66,416, 3 84 
Be age a 1894 6,071} 288 451] 9,382,640] 25,600 7,000} 9,415,240 He 3 93 
BIANPLON es desis ui. Paleo 1,132; 1,190 911,835) 58.550] 21,900 992,285} 19,679 6 49 
Delon Wie wruin eee ace 246 475 136,940 9,450 2,300 148,690 2,261! 3 29 
Streetsville si3 fel. o. 229 506 1465780} 2A12 BBO 35 159,330 1,968} 2 93 
oahelatban 1895 1,607 2,171; 1,195,555} 80,550) 24,200) 1,300,305! 23,908} 5 45 
Digs Unaey yaad 1,665 2,202! 1,179,920] 80,075) 25,150! 1,285,145] 23,884 65 39 
Yorr; 
FLODICOKE ii. 's tiptoe holed sel 1,539} 28,532; 2,013,565 3,500 5,500} 2,022,565 20,9911 5 82 
Lrporging ) Obs i ately 615 34,983) 652,160 7,200 500 659,860 6,962! 4 26 
Gwillimbury E............. 1,288; 58,048; 1,286,760)........ 400} 1,287,160, 12,066) 4 19 
Gwillimbury W............. 637 31,572 737,900 DOO ieee ian 740,400 6,951; 5 06. 
WP eter in en, ehh, eS 2,020; 87,064} 2,814,745) 19,900! 3,200 2,837, 845| 18,728} 3 57 
Markham yi ee to 2,215, 66,758! 3,256,395! 20,450, 1,700) 3,278,545; 21,092] 4 06 
Scarborough .... .... ake 1,376 42,981) 2,216,112 4,400 2,900} 2,228,412 15,226) 3 99 
MUP HAT he od Ue cl wa | 1h 66,782); 2,940,895 fre ipa on Ge! 20,699 4 46 
Sa NRG Re Dea ae 


* Taken from return of 1894. 


*10 


mis. 


58 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION, —Continued. 
| ; 
Taxes imposed 
No. of | Assessed values. forall purposes. 
st = No. of acres | 
Municipalities. rate- as Beat : cae Taeabla Per 
Payers. | essed, property. | pro- | income. Total Total head. 
jaees 
$ | $ $ $ $ $c 
YorxK.—-Con. 
Wihitehursh..a09s 0-3, oak 1,238) 60,051| 1,620,480 By LOG / a aa .| 1,623,580, 10,500) 2 77 
Mops esc cie.8 ses. sv. 2 |- 5,450) 58,000 6,057,878! s220 | salt ohdiatens 6,057,378 79,002 9 85 
| i 
Motalriiral { 1895 17,466; 534,771) 23,596,390} 68,250] 14,200) 23,678,840) 212,217| 5 28 
Miah sped { 1894 17,514} 536,339] 24,297,976 tay 18,700} 24,387,026} 207,598) 5 09 
| 
A MTOP Uhr ht ok 6g ARS, 819; 1,100 442,607; 13,150! 550) 456,307 9,817; 5 68 
PV CUUDULUNEL. is vA i taeueomne. 718 674 477,037; 34,125' 7,600 518,762; 12,685! 6 26 
DOVER TOT onto 8 oe oda 58 1,400 2,500; -1,280,606 ........ | 400 1,281,006} 21,003, 12 81 
*Toronto Junction. ......... 2,369 1,226). 4,398,882) 171,225'..2.4... 4,570,107! 88,658] 20 00 
East Toronto... ....... eae 512 500 435 000) 6 re: oO iia oats ’ 485,000 9588311. 8°78 
Holland Landing! .io0) Le. 147; ~=—-:1,988 72,510 (00 pee PN 73,210 1,000; 2 20 
Markh ang ngajovce ty te oie 341 422 221, 835| 9,150; 3,350 234,335 6,616} 6 24 
Richmond Hill............ 239 466 156,950 3,500 1,200 161,650 1,971| 2-74 
Stotii ville <4 sor cee 476 403 294,050} 16,060 900 310,950 3,650); 2 81 
SSULEOTIME Ry ar concise Wmtoe es 240 484 | 117,900 3,700 150 121,750 1,921; 3 00 
WWestonetiinay nn ar ee 401 341 318,050 9,200) 3,300 330,550, 4,229} 3 40 
Woodbridge ssa: 263 500 109,175 USOOWN nam set's 110,475 1,606} 2 11 
Tetalurhan (1895 7,925] 10,604; 8,374,602 62 066) 17,450} 8,654,102} 163,039) 9 52 
eee 11894 7,742) 10,463) 8,410,054) 270,650} 16,350); 8,697,054; 159,495) 9 34 
ONTARIO : | 
Brockegetcn. asses. ke be 1,324) 66,208} 2,094,460 6750 (Merce 2,101,210, 18,658) 3 78 
MARR ees crane eas ied 8 862] 60,669) 941,017} 18,750 1,500; 961,267; 13,056’ 4 35 
Poekeariip tert cis ci. ws 5 eo 1,959) 71,412] 3,497,930 77,625, 4,600, 3,580,165; 21,737] 4 OL 
PORTAGE acters eee oes 446] 33,632 166,452 ODO Sea 167,402! 4,318} 3 22 
Teactiewte see roe ct i Ga 1,363; 63,632) 2,041,679]. ...... ar rone 2,041,679; 12,945) 3 39 
Mootttett ee wee seme ee 695!) 49,196}. 1,020,875,..... he ak Bae 1,020,875 7,450} 3 35 
Souris eran eh 1360949 S622 889, 780l cnn ous 289,730| _ 1,902) 8 74 
TDOPANUSS cis Ger ek re a 552; 32,090 DSL, SLO waar stiiced ev alsshieests | 531,810] 5,376! 3°71 
EPR OVIORE: fo. ates to ets 1,077 51,997 996,580 9, O00 tee ase 1,000,180} 11,169) 3 91 
VEDI L OY sie) hate tie a tt 895! 31,175] 1,682,620; 46,350 3,000! 1,731,970 9,038} 3 39 
NVC Vas natant nn a8 fog 30,750) 1,546,425} 36,600)... ..| 1,583,025} 10,996] 4 75 
| 
Mabel rural seve 10,157| 500,113 14,800,578 190,625 9,100} 15,009,303 111,645 3 82 
es 1894. 10,427; 500,447! 14,870,749) 216,325) 13,650) 15,100,724 Tee 4 04 
CTERAU IT ees ka ete -| 1,505 2,400) 1,013,270} 52,650; 20,900] 1,086 820. 23,682 5 96 
Ce0ridp ep: |. ts aise oe RN 738 500 527,725 43,6001 12,325 583,650 11,820, 6 05 
ak, ide ID A Sas Ye Ai ROCHE led ACen 899 3,800 811,620} 47,600] 18,150 877,370) 22,624 8 75 
Bea verbonie, , this Want wk 288 453 163,985 5 OO0 Mauer ws « 157,535 2,750' 3 78 
Bannlogtone ea pi te: 375 470 256,400} 14,400......... 270,800 4,062| 3 56 
OPES EROIEY Pat oed fo ieons cc clodc 538 500 341,950} 38,710) Oy 385,310} 9,478} 6 1) 
| | 
mavalaiian i 1895 4,343 8,123] 3,104,950, 200,510) 56,025; 3,361,485 74,416) 6 24 
Pee alg 1894 3,907 8,100} 3,142,478 217,030; 52,050, 3,411,558) 75,425) 6 24 
| 
DurHam : Rae | | | 
Cartwrchtts../. ciara 683} 36,904 698,900| 23,300 800 723,000 5,821' 3 05 
A as Sate: Ne Dea eve 925] 63,424, 1,562,475 V.O8O lsc 4k 1,563,475! 11,267! 4 02 
Clarke. ... 1,387) 68,285; 2,118,035 TeDOG Wisaiene sss 2,125,535 13,432) 3 16 
Darlington....... . arcane 1,513] 68,369) 2,502,000 1,600]..... ..} 2,503,600) 16,177) 3 60 
TAU DOME hs) ese Fen hak | 1,228] 63,818] 2,332,538 7,500 6,100, 2,346,138] 11,347| 3 06 
Mapverse vat wale en {2s dash: | 1,047] 69,468 BOO ZIG hs BOON, Senet ak cs | 895,896 9,955} 2 97 
Patalaival cee | 6,783' 370,268) 10,104,244; 46,500)  6,900| 10,157,644; 67,999) 3 32 
ener 1894. .| 6,774, 370,678) 10,163,464 Ai ae 9,000] 10,222,214; 71,501! 3 51 
DBOUWMANUVHIE Tin Tame dace 2's 5 911) 3,000 998,425} 89,930) 21,274 1,109,629) 20,563 7 15 
POLE TLODE oR AE EES 1,896 1,032} 1,335,962; 135,500} 62,180 pee eet Sen 6 67 
| 


* Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


ihe 


* Taken from return of 1894. 


+ United with Durham fer municipal purposes. 


12 


‘ = 3 = ; 
59 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 
ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION,.—Continued. 
| Taxes,imposed 
No. of Assessed values. foral! purposes. 
No. of <a ae 
Paae My acres | 
Municipalities. rate- aed Reet | : nove Taeihie Ps 
| PAYS: | sessed. property. | pro- | income, one Total. | head. 
| perty. 
| $ | =6§$ $ $ $ $ ¢. 
DuRHAM. —Con. | 
WED LOG Keene s seer Salta oe | 27 | 436 179,015; 8,700 3,732; 191,447 3,093| 3 49 
INGWORSLIC:? sicc-PeWia at alte sion 269 1,949 190,641 2,575 2,850 196,066 8,458} 56 03 
1895 3,847 6,417} 2,704,043} 236,705} 90,036] 3,030,784; 58,634) 6 39 
Total urban ...... 11894 3302] 6,380} 2'7032292| 2457230] 987040] 3,046,562} 55,169] 5 93 
+NORTHUMBERLAND : | | 
PATI WIG et eG oc ere wh een ca eins 253| 16,728 Nk, OU ae legen ureters seems | 351,250 3,135) 3°03 
Briphtonts. | ona h ln 1,195: 49,160) 1,201,300 4,250......... 1,205 550; = 8,520) 3 02 
Grama ber oes cn iets hs se oe 1,060| 46,242) 1,092,285| 1,000!........ 1,093,285} 9,708] 3 58 
Haldimand. ice cra he cu 1,364| 76,537] 1,770,750, 2,100 300’ 1,773,150} 15,340! 3 66 
PAN NVUGONT Ae toe e eekrgarem ce hs 1,342} 62,140) 2,114,738 12,130 4,500| 2,131,360 13,403} 3 17 
Dieting liar 45 oye (ote eats 287) 18,319] 553,700 4,600)..... 4 558,300 3,700) 3 57 
Miirray ccc ieee ot sole 1:092)5 48:50 4.194.476) (Le: 9,250| 1,196,725] 8,194] 2 91 
Retcrat a er ee 1,019, 51,263) 950,397} 7,800] -2,500| 960.697) | 9,946] 3 19 
Seymours td car's het y 1,051! 66,564! 1,168,270] 1,475 ...| 1,169,745] ° 12,695| 3 94 
Totalvaral 18907 8,653, 435,563} 10,397,157) 338,355 9,550| 10,440,062] 84,529) 3 36 
adits teed LOO s 8,392! 434,043} 10 461,642) 39,480} 12,300) 10,513,372) 85,765) 3 42° 
CODOUPOTEN: catoso ss wise St~ 5 | 1,776 2,413) 1,252,728] 94,300) 31,550) 1,378,578] 38,559) 9 04 
Brighton necks Aes Re *512 2,793 417,505| 28,350) 1,500 447,355 5,729| 4 00 
Gampbellford.;-.5 vin.» sca> «. *759 600 795,600) 90,075) «16,725 789,656] 138,445| 5 96 
COlDOPNG Aan aaah feck cee 355 1,057 275,750 8,350 3,070 287,170 6,141) 6 12 
Hastings. oli od. ee 24 | nn 160,500} 5,950} 1,000] 167,450| 3,724] 5 04 
Macal urban ' 1895... 3,656 7,420 2,815,089] 172,325| 52,845] 3,070,209 ae 6 97 
Se Dain ae 1894..} 3,737| 7,453 2,775,466] 240,450! 47,370] 3,063,286 64,436 6 66 
PriIncE EDWARD: | | | 
Amieliagburg if ).s a. 5. 2.02% LOL (4, GOT E28 7G ee. seen 400| 1,128,975} 11,813 3 84 
EMO ei Mpc ae eek va ey 499| 23,412) 486,635]... .. 500| 487,135] 3,582 3 02 
TPsllowell es. ses Syne oe 1,205, 43,261] 1,185,555 16,775 2,575| 1,154,905 9,547) 3 05 
PTH er ates does aaah 573, 31,330 738,495| 12,480 600 751,575 7,005; 4 27 
MAY SOUT IN oc cietap nits te o's 520} 23,465 AT SOON ZO; Th eee 503,187 4,008; 3 04 
Marysburg S.... .. e 522) 24,4071 353,460) —-1,800 740| 356,000] 4,108, 2 98 
Sophiasburg..............+. | 750 a2 1,015,199} 4,200 600} 1,019,999] 7,533 3 95 
Fieetiatal 1895..| 5,173) 230,854) 5,385,779] 60,5321 5,415] 5,401,726) 47,596) 3 49 
ester (1894..| 5,167] 229,998) 5,372,529 | 63,845| 6,130) 5,442,504, 48,670! 3 52 
TAECEOT OE eae Pea ore Mia he eee Sala | 1,158 552| 1,106,200; 102,200) 13,650 cae 18,935; 5 39 
Wellingtons yr shines 22 220| 17524 187,725} 1,500) 1,800 191,025) 1,910] 3 89 
Total avban { 1895. 1,378 2,076] 1,293,925] 103,700; 15,450! 1,413,075! 20,845| 5 27 
De et ar ee 1894. 1,279] 2,076} 1,263,625} 87,650} 17,000] 1,368,275)  19,944| 5 32 
LENNOX AND ADDINGTON : | | | ; 
Adolphustown .. 22.6.5 2s 183] 11,3806 341,582 3,260, PR ce 344,842 3,202, 5 84 
Amherst Island ...........- | 192} 14,644| 342,870) 3,500} 1,200] — 347,570 2,482| 411 
Camden viiod. ctu lke hrc. | 1,546) 84,347| 1,394,805} 36,670 3,900} 1,485,375]; 23,4461 5 98 
Denbizh, Clerren ss coke pens | 264| 43,966 PGT apie eee eeen 54,673] 1,466! 1 51 
Mrooitown. asst c ad oes ks | 1,273| 61,082] 1,495,000 1,000, 3,975] 1,499,975, 14,750, 4 41 
Fredericksburg N..... .. .. 576) 23,317 770,635) 2TO00 Fatt tr. 791,635) 6 351) 4 46 
Fredericksburg 8. ..... Sa 369} 20,348 O21, 01 Of sie aioe. ola ane wees 621,570 5,701; 5 51 
Kaladar, Anglesea, etc. .... 4131 53,7838 GO. E76 coe tl es 69,176 2,285: 2.08 
ICHIMONG ese eee scien eee 1,031] 50,937! 863, BRD ie os seie | Boe hae 863,385| 10,725! 4 86 
Shefheld aoe er aa 805; 61,011 655, 170| SeLOUL nec ece 663,920 9,076| 4 45 
| 
Moealienen 1895 _. 6,643, 424,741; 6,608,866! 74,180 9,075| 6,692,121 80,484 4 61 
bs Be ee ae 1894. | 6,459} 430,951 grea peat 9,600 6,684,709 bid 4 59 
1 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


Municipaiities, 


i 
ee r- + see eer eo eecee 


eeeee ee eer eese eens 


Barrie . 
Bedi GE sche eee eee 
Ciarendon and Miller 
Hinchinbrooke 
Howe Island 
Kennebec 
Kingston 
Loughborough 
Olden 
OBS i Lr pa aueee Cua es 
Palmerston and Canonto.... 
Pittsturg 
Portland 
EGER ING GON Ac e).Pnch.. ae ae 
Wolfe Island 


Ce a ee 


ereeee 

eee es smears 
Oe re er 
Cs 
viele Aue ce lel @ a's « 
ee Gee te ei elie. ale, a 


rd 


eyele fem ne fobs Bie © \p (pis) elle 


re 


Total rural 


Garden Island 
Portsmouth 


eee e reser eee 


Ce er rr? 


see eee 


1894.. 


LEEDs : 
Bastard and Burgess S. .... 
CTORDIV GIN slvr tulle fed eae 
EON OW, Sie Ave. Ssh ae holes 
Elizabethtown 
Elmsley, S 
CME ENED ach gs Sees, 268 Me wd, 
Leeds and Lansdowne, Fr .. 
Leeds and Lansdowne, Rear. 
Yonge and Escott, Front.... 
Yonge and Hscott, Rear .... 


se ee eee ees aeee 


eer e eee ee: eee ree 


TORRLL EULA. AG oh ek sees | ee 
TETIICMULIVE) Ab che ag a trees eG 
TIDAGIOOU CD pon ae ela alle wta s,s « 
CADE, Cs eater ke eke the 
POW EOFS taser te” Meet ao 

Total urban ...... | Liye 


tGRENVILLE: 
BP Uates earth oe «6 cate 
Edwardsburg 
Gower, S 


Ce 


No. of 


No. of prey: 


rate- Ap 


Payers. | cossed. 


156] 2,229 
273| 3,200 
1,433} 5,801 
1,438] 5,774 
208 24,197 
448' 63,707 
306; 44.629 
352; 63,009! 
998,026 
297, 40,338 

| *850, 52,820 
669 52.456 

| 269| 62,194 
345, 41,379 
197} 50,440 
691| 48,166! 
*648| 58,378 
653] 55,294) 
ae 30,810, 

.| 6,583} 680,843] 

.| 6,652 673,038 
a ee 
255 150) 

318 227 
327| 227 
1,059] 56,344! 
510| 42,091 
585| 35,890 
1,648] 76,795) 
220| 22,113} 
805) 48,763 
1,226) 58,970 
765, 44,853! 
933! 54,969 
471| 29,084 

i 
8,222| 469.872: 

.| 8,059) 469,620! 
1,993; 1,242 
1,316] 1.210 
347 500 
156 888 

.| 8,812, 8,840 

ie 3,845 
1,230| 74,768| 
1,331} 69,426) 
805 


cael 
| | 


* Taken from return of 1894. 


pore 


Pes | 


Assessed values, 
- | | 
er- 
Real Set Taxable ben 
property. | pro- | income. tes | 
perty. 
$ | $ $ 3 
885,595) 28,760| 27,100{ 941,455) 
112,254 2,100] 2,675} 117,029) 
108,350)...... .| 2,750| 106, ie 
Gad 
1,101,204] 30,860] 32,525] 1,164,589) 
1,113,611] 30,385! 31,575) 1,175,571 
| 
el eee) pokes 38,145 
AAG weal ara i te oa ya oe 177,521 
S028 ee one ‘| 80,281 
TSB:260) he OO0l ia aed 187,310 
SAAT Ula Rectan ee ksh Weak 52,740 
104,959, Aree = | Re eS 104,952 
ADAG SOG) Nae Lett: 1,248,795 
381,065) 750) 625| 382,440) 
oe) 
95,465] ..... es (eee | > 95,466 
74,576 S50) oe, 75,426 
GAS48 = 4.375) ere. © | 69,993 
SOB 949 [oe we Nese sa | 808,949) 
459,324 De 925 465,749 
S80. 6O0e sks Mahia A 430,600) 
608,257 3.400 Sacer | 611,657 
/ } 

4,811,778} 15, ood 1,550| 4,829,253 
4,820,849; 12,890 4,325, 4,838 064 
| 
£0,600! 20,090, 6,000! 56.600 
109,985] 5,180, 5,750) 120.865 
140,585] 25,1280 11,750] 177,465 
139,685] 24,2830 11,650) 175,565 
754,505|..... i £00) 755,105} 
359,355} 6,100 1,500] 366,955 
393,170 pad 394,370 
1,396,920|..... ..| 5,550] 1,402,470 
464.995] 1,800... 436,795) 
1,025,590}. 2s a 200) 1,025,890) 
980,346} 29.085 710! 1,010,091 
558,205] 11,920 600' 570,725] 
712,815} 6,650 5,150 | 724,615 
220 HGS he ase 300| 420,865 

| 

7,066,466 56,705 14,710 7,137,881 
7,083,030 57,520 8,160 7,148,710 
| 
3,071,588 252,300 45 000 3,385,883. 
1,018,645. 87,6502... 0, | 1,056,295 
146,025) 8;700 oe 169,725 
88, 990 1,500 1,200, 91,690 
4,345,248 295,150 63,200! 4,703,598 
4,397,435 358,045' 37,650! 4,798,180 
1,130,286]........ 2,100 1,132,386 
TAbT oobi LBOOS.. 2... | 1,159,455} 

31f 550 i 31 


5,5D0 
| 


Taxes imposed 
for all purposes. 


Per 
Total. Head: 
$ 
25,825| 8 46 
1,627| 3 72 
3,490| 5 74 
30,942] 7 5D 
30,528] 7 59 
1,162 1782 
4,551| 2 87 
1,711; 212 
4,294) 8 58 
1,803] 6 68 
2,886 2 34 
13,717; 4 68 
7,450 4 42 
3,519 378 
2.516, 2 38 
2,.215' 2 98 
11,834 4 97 
8.210 401 
F988" "4.52 
7.400 5 03 
81/258 3 86 
83,037| 3 94 
1.7841 4 78 
2,561; 3 51 
| 
4.3295! 3 94 
4,658! 3 90 
11,239] 4 14 
6,316| 4 14 
5,622) 3 2 
16,402] 4 22 
3,056] 3 89 
8,605] 4 39 
12,806] 4 33 
7,314| 3 34 
9,585| 3 97 
7,087| 5 89 
88.032] 4 12 
82,771) 377 
93,274] 10 21 
21,323, 5 89 
3,782| 4 37 
1,824] 4 15 
120,203] 8 55 
100,834; 7 51 
12,135] 3 88 
12,152} 3 24 
2,684| 3 49 


t United with Leeds for municipal purposes. 


13 


t+ Separated from county for municipal purposes, 


———_... 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


= T : 
axes imposed 
Assessed values, P 


No of for all purposes. 
No. of acres | 
Municipalities, rate- re Real Pers dimav able Por 
| ayers sonal: Total Total 
pay sessed. | property. | pro- | income. : * | head. 
| perty. | 
| | 
| $ $ $ | $ $ | $c. 
GRENVILLE.— Con, | | | 
Oxford on Rideau .......... G24 D9;278 759, 782 150 1,500, 761, 432 9.143] 3 00 
Wottord att gine. steh ee 632!) 46,179; 1,025,786) 6,250. | Sa 1,031,985} 5,954! 3 28 : 
| | | 
Apso is .| 4,422 271,508 4,389,308) 7900, 3,600, 4,400.808] 42068] 3 24 | 
OvaleTUral cece cs 1894.. 4,336| 271,065 4,421,097; 7,150 rad 4,431,977 42,003| 3 20 
tPrescott ....060. 0... 820} *1,182, 816,725) 28,850] 9,200] 854,775 17,408 6 18 
Cardigan species os ee Outen are 270 400 263,055: 27,800 6,850 297,705 2,509, 2 52 
Recrnpbville v6. shee, Sosa 256 354] 230,220 20,600] 2,700} +~—- 253.520 6.913 5 74 | 
Merrigkville ns cis snes bls oe 354 732 264,740, 20,400} 12,725 297, 865 4,815} 4 €0 . 
| 
1895..}. 1,705] 2,668} 1,574,710 97,650} 31,475] 1 703,865} 31.45] 5 22 : 
Total urban .... ' 1894. | 1789 2.721) 1,556/315 $5,850] 32/325. 1,683,990, 30,799] 4 97 
Donpas: . ] | ; | 
Wintills pes et eae, occa ck oe 1,271, 62,602 1,426,025 700 6,400} 1,482,125] 17,640) 4 74 
Mi Guntatws scorer. Sa co, 927\ 57,600 1,491,275} 9,600 1,660, 1,502,535} 11,501| 4 09 
Williamsburg .......... ... 1,204| 69,607; 1,477,865) ° 3,700'.....: _.| 1,481,565! 12,873] 3 47 | 
Winchester .......... ..... 1,053} 57,135 1,383,465] 3.525).. ..... 1,836,990 16,152) 4&8 
NSE AS {22858 4,455] 236,944 5,728,680; 17,525/ . 7,060} 5,753,215! 58,166] .4 29 | 
is bape 1894.. 4,393 sea 5,805,100) 17,400) 11,025! 5,833,525 56,611; 4 15 | 
| 
Ghesterville.... 06.2. ewse: 262 500} 110,825] 11,250) ....... 122,075) 1,565) 2 02 
TeCcinoistie ice oy ae Wee hae 363 $00; 324,750} 20,000 900, 245,650, 5.590) 5 O4 
MMoriabure yest une 450 *1,067| 643,300; 44,256| 30,050! 717,600} 10,177| 5 86 
Wanchestéere pices wild 287 500 193,950| 26,775 3,500 224,225 3,391) 3°55 . 
| | 
Tataleighan i 1895.. 1,362) 2,867, 1,272,825) 102,275} 34,450) 1,409,550 20,723] 4 53 | 
Shear 1894. 1,284  2,867| 1,264,950, 96,050] 34,350] 1,395,350! 20.716] 4 63 | 
{STORMONT : | | . 
Coriwallr. es eh runt: 1,265! 64,211} 1,030,846) 14,250)........ 1,045,096] 12,878 2 44 
ET Celts he aah SO a lee ne 915\" 51,266); 661,675)" 2,950) 7........ 663,925; 10,168) 3 40. 
Oanabeaele. ilo Sl oesc sas 1,589 * 62,040, 1,120,000, 17,800] — 2,800| 1,140,600; 14,140, 2 09 . 
Roxborough .............. 995| 72.719 708,776] aor enib: 3,650) 757,425] 9,115, 2 15 : 
Maal viral 1895.. 4,764| 250,236) 3,566,296] 34,300 6,450; 3,607,046 46,301; 2 71 4 
a es 1894.. 4,663; 250,985} 3,521,972) 29,835 7,250] 3,559,057 44,431) 2 58 
(1895..; 1,511)  *740} 1,521,980) 51,450} 26,700] 1,600,180) 34,116 5 63 : 
Cornwall, urban ...-14894"'| 1668| 750] 1,385,689 48,700/ 21000 11455'389| 30,994' 5 15 
| 1 
tGLENGARRY : | | 5 
Charlottenburg ............ 1,393] 81,963 1,118,879] 33,600] 2,020, 1,154,490] 14,927; 2 91 . 
HMOT VOU sie trek acto < wieale cate 1,178) 77,423 749,840 Me OO ae enone: | 751,890 11,754) 2 73 
Dadicapter;. pesmi. F 8a. 1,008] 57,041| 912.655} ~—«-1,450 500, 914,605] 9,523) 2 68 | 
DOCH WE Tees es eke 840). 971,624 2 996,085 IG oa was | 495,985! 11,799] 2 62 q 
| | 
otal pirat (1895... 4,419) 288,051] 3,777,350; 37,100; 2,520 3,81 6,970, 48,003 2 75 . 
i ats 11894. . 4,148 ace a 3,777,135 ia | 21,340 3,836,085 48,059 2 91 , 
Alexandria ............:0.- 331 871| 200,843! 5,000]........ aes 4,287 2 70 ) 
Bancaster’. . 22038) .450.8 134 128 TOMI ee erate ae 79,120, 1,449 2 88 
IEA RIVULLO rots tac elise ciety keane 173 454 51,555 DCL Oe Scans | 53,330 1 AeT 2 04 i 
i 
1895. 638|. 963| | 331,518} _ 6,775|........ 338,293] 6,857) 2 60 
Total urban ...... 1894. 743) 943 6,850/ 800, 336,258 2 44 


ers 


* Taken from return of 1894. 


| 


+Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


14 


} United to Dundas for municipal purposes. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


| No. of Assessed values. Taxes imposed 


forall purposes, 
ae ae No. OF | acres | 
Municipalities. rate- | ee Baal ; re Sy ier hte Por 
Sah tah | sessed. | property.! pro- |! income. Total. Total. head. 
| | | jperty 
| | | $ | $> $ $ $ 3 c. 
PRESCOTT | | | 
Tiber ee hee ae 556)".43, 8661. 420,525) 002 en 420,525! 6,225] 1 98 
Osledenia venue ee sey” 548| 45,472; 270,150 BOO SAR 270,650, 4,888] 2 87 
Hawkesbury, E ............ 1,125| 56,411|  446,830| + ~—-3,055!........ 449,386} 8.540] 1 71 
Hawkesbury, W............ 570 25,102} 344,496; 11,650) 450, 356,596] 9,180] 3 71 
enmicailer a. oa ee DiGie 1 G9 17S. B7B ns eerie 173,575] 2,408] 2 47 
Plantagenet, N ........ A eee 730 ~=50,139 ATL 400K M4 4250) ee lnrig 415,650 9,725| 2 64 
Plantagenet, S ........... : 732 48,630 PY i> Pet fol |) nme deel © 5 UL ela gs 381,120 7,877| 2 66 
Teal teal 1895. 4,477, 286,772 2,440,456, 26,595 450| 2,467,501 48,843 2 45 
otal rural ...... | 1894. 4,529, 285,757 2,474,12t 20,055 1,740| 2,495,916} 46,961] 2 39 
| 
eilawkeabury hss es. «002 389 5,400/ 210255 12,150. 4,150) 226,555 5,936] 2 87 
Tr Ovignahies te) ce Oe: os 3,889; 114,775 1,000 1,400] 117,175]. 2.572] 2 66 
1895.. 639| 9,289! 325,080 13,150/ 5,550) 343,730} 8,508) 2 81 
Total urban ...... tieote 636 9,283! 320,875 +~—« 12,750 5900 339,075 5,010] 278 
+RUSSELL: | 
Cambridge, cat See ee OTSeebO, Fal a 42L 47D Meee ees 421,475} 5,988} 2 30 
Ginconter ek seek vs 1,082! 69,769  385,351{ 3,500)........ 338,851} 10,415] 2 30 
Cumberland .............4. 946} 74,600! 454,676 3,500|........ 458,176] 10,351! 2 87 
Birsse litte hee Aer Se oe, 951| 47,187 Bee PM Ash coe eee 613,290 8,706, 2 96 
Pte cited 1895. 3,652 251,287| 1,820,417, 11,375|........ | 1,831,792} 35,460 2 59 
UA LA ape ie hcl 1894. 3,499] 252,189} 1,814,249 31,850]........ 1,846,099 34,083) 2 50 
ADASSELIIMIAN Nea tec Reh oe ca T171 1,200 DE BOOS cess etel be hee'e ye | 54,300 1,693| 2 18 
Ruocitiand an tee, gett tutte 302 500 46,770 = 3,300 200 50,270 2,732) 1 77 
Pack 1895 473| 1,700! 101,070) — 3,300 2001 104,570! 4,425 1 90 
Wie ae 1894. 434 1,709] 718,805) 3,050)0 3550 a 121,855! 3,581! 1 86 
CARLETON : | | 
Ritrrayins Pose. ee an 715| 60,136} 766,157;  4,000!........ 770,157| 9,195; 8 87 
Gloncestorc..8 f003 feck 9,125} 85,212! 1,419,620!  1,500........ 1,421,020] 18517; 317 
(oulbourn sa. nea se ooo 571! 64,831 S45; 00D eee ltrs 843,005 368 3 85 
ower Nene soe | 566] 32,9681 906.185] 5, 750|........ 911,885] 6,977] 319 
Huntleyzes 3.022 | 487; 61,432; 448,510] 1,800]........ | 449,810| 6,878 3 20 
Rares Meech ete €875/528,00PW, STOOL ome tele Pees 870,491| 4,172' 377 
Marlborough ......... .. «. | B81). 5B, 9931 1456, 700| esti ue ails. ogee 456,700} 8,080! 6 53 
INepeatl ssw Ce Me ceed, | 1,957| 58,370! 2,079,540]  2,400)........ 2,081,940! 15,534] 3 58 
Mpc Odes he ke Pee Mo, Soke 1,333] 91,106, 1,310,925}  6,700]........ 1,317,625! 14,397| 3 38 
mEprboltoi ee stk 4 eae. S12 eo os BOON at O 11 Ol ie ay menue Stes 149,110 3,885) 8 64 
| ; | 
Total (1895..| 8,322] 564,948! 8,750,093) 61.660) >, Se Co 8,771,743! 98,703 3 63 
Been age eng 11894 8,248 565,941) 8,579,656! 20,200 200} 8,600,056) 94,256 3 45 
| ! 
Hintonburg 07 587 459| 283,913 00 PA 284,813} 5,404 2 80 
Ottawa East.......... unt 241 315| 145,000} 1,300........ | 146,300} 2,068] 2 68 
Richmond..... ...... y | 126 1,474) SOTTO e100 Lae eee 67,325} ~ 1,127) 3 16 
ioe 1895. 954 2,248] 484,688 8,760) She 488,438] 8,599} 2 80 
ena EN oad ag (1894 | Sith? 722979 432,915)  6,550]........ 439,465] 7,226] 2 54 
| 
RENFREW: | | | 
Atiraastonw ants. fx.» 540! 68,901 196,877 B50N a aes at 197,227, ,054| 2 41 
Mingiersveriris cet ks. 168! 28,918} 24,973] ....... > ee 24.973 1,046 1 26 
Alice and Fraser topes 382 54,151 EZ ELG Fes cere | a de oboe 112,167 3,209| 1 82 
Bagot and Blithefield ...... 340) 54,370] Tbs TOV CA, BOOY cc tun «x 73,229| 3,203: 2 23 
Bromley 508 49,769 160,537} 2,700 163,237|  4,847| 2 67 


| eee reese 


* Becomes a town in 1896. 


tTaken from return of 1894, 


15 


+ United with Prescott for municipal purposes, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.--Continued. 


| Taxes imposed 
No. of Assessed values. forall purposes. 
rt No. of pura 
Municipalities. rate- a Real ‘ Foray Tavable | Per 
payers. | sessed, property. | pro- | income. Total. Total. | head. 
| ‘perty. 
ei, 
| §$ | $ $ $ $c 
REY FREW.—Con. | | 
DOU AM Noses. tee es eee 130| 16,569 QLshOD | eon es eee 21,565 944, 1 76 
Brudenell and Lynedoch... | 280! 44.599 57,415 | 2 900) seas | 60,315 1014 1 46 
Grattanik ens ete teate wee 361) 59,035 58,505 ite: eMeeen eeiemee 58,505 2,819} 91°93 
Griffith and Matawatchan .. 126) 21,735 31,800 a) Seas. | 32,000 1,176| 1 64 
Hagarty, Jones, etc ........ 409; 71,650 653100) secon eee 65, 100 2,614; 114 
Head, Clara and Maria...... TTS) SL 77997 19 BBs bs 1 ILE ee Tes a ae | 35,325 1,207; 2 97 
OAT OPhOMES oe cess ths We eh viet, 292} 37,600 FOS 2021 onnbavaeis Nae eS 203, 242 3,778) 2°78 
WEGNER gat cik:. fo tecteiees een eeus 840} 62,3859 454,220 1, O90] See | 462,210 7.760} 2 24 
WemUroke ees) Hae kee see 278 8,352 TOO; B32] she eee ee eeee | 100,332 1,696| 2 34 
PGteWe We ane a hii eee. eee 206| 26.487 AMO Reh Toll Magext pees c< | Kevore te erate | 40 9 1,492| 1-738 
Radcliffe and Raglan....... 211) 35,604 UOE A Bem ae Pew |) 40,285)" (0. s8 Benlieos 
Rolpb, Buchanan and Wylie 222) 39,357 54,271. pie exit Mie eh oe: 54,271 1,928] 2 22 
LOG Rete eee ee es Coy 618} 52.015 231,030 1,750 parser Bees | 232,780 5,873} 217 
Nebashopol a sree. tues eyes 136] 28,118 BE SORl inet: Ker tee ee 27 596 854| 1 24 
SS UALEONCL cits tue et wiels slo ae 291i Sl 4a EON Oat docks el sven ete | 76,170 2 S42 = aeoO 
Westmeath onesies oh. oe | 750| 70,161 282,997 3,2bo 750 286.962 9,642) 3 19 
Wilberforce and Algona N 444) 67,187, ai g4 SSO} occas yee san 3,822} 1 70 
Moral earal 1895. | 7,645, 936,354) 2,438,278) 21,835 750| 2,460,°63| 69,045) 2 12 
eta he 1894.. 7,559! 934,911] 2,425,298] 23,390; 12,320] 2,461,008]  69,981' 2 19 
| 
PATIDEOOT eR ae sce hore ote Nc ee tes | 800 923 594,345 ; 8,100] 660,495 15,158] 4 08 
ONRUT ORO 2 tents ii tee eas lute 929 587 96,5°0| 183,675) 25,750) 1,145,925 26,053] 5 61 
LEWU) PERS crete tisk hte ckd ota oe TOO ee 2 iran 622,165] 61,250 1,300 684,715 16,932] 6 82 
AU AIT Vale. wey ON ceed 241 38 : SFO lane kee 84, 260 3,605] 3 33 
Morarban eae 4 2,760 4,125, 2,280,395 59,8601 35,150] 2,575,395 61,728! 5 00 
ek liar. al os 1894.. 2,690 4,145 2, 207, 145| 248,800, 88,500] 2,494,445 55,473) 4 76 
| 
LANARK: | | | | | | 
TSAGIAT RG fois ct thee dies. fbn lee 744| 60,884 655,120; 23,740 500 679,360 6,974| 2 72 
Beewwith 2.28. ume woes Gules 575 07,183 480 TOBE S17 DAO Sr. For 507,325 6,007| 3 62 
SUITOR SUN 0 ae dateet a as oe 227\ $32,498 180, 895) TO250) pore eik 191,075) 2,299| 2 62 
Dalhousie and Sherbrooke N. 37; 72,687| 251,401 0) 2,800) 250| 254,450)  4,447| 2 28 
1 BU ad ty RO ee aL Rg OR gee 198| 48,457 65, Ne DRS reat Rae ote 65,415 1,543). 2.11 
Dron e Ke a cet he: | 643| 57,796 ae 152! QZ, SOO eee 712,512 6,767| 3 47 
aelB GIN As Gos, ite cs | 362| 27,797) 3277239) 14,1961 400| «341,765! 3/196! 3 08 
Teaver ee PSE aNe core tec 480| 57,646 426,910} 25,405] ....... 452,315 o23 3 02 
AAV OMS, cele thee aias's oon | 154| 43,345 BA B92 2 COO), alee sere | 57,602 1,433} e2e20 
INEQIILSOMO! os itso tke os cone 704; 62.527 594,851 QOD ie eal tenets 603.901 6,603; 3 16 
AOR WAM Ae ciles ss ocak eh 402| 56,480 378;6002 11 350) oa. 4 889,950 6,867|. 3/75 
ae ord et ey rae 694| 61,498' 642.9601 34.775|........ 677.035 8,218] 3977 
Sherbrooke S...........0... 987| 37,338) 89,952 425! .... “g 89,677, 1, 334] 1 46 
aralwaral {1895.. 5,997| 670,976 eed er 1,150; 5,022, 399] 60,901. 3. 02 
Ae (1894... 5,839) 673,609) 4,859, a) ae | 1,150) 5,037,883 Ser 3 03 
Hs ithe eek A Aees ose to ce 795 ae 719,28%| 91,750' 8,750| 819,789/ 14,765} 5 02 
COTELGNe PIGCEPsiote s ate gat 1,184 *550 749,535) 60,450 8,106 818,085 16,517} 3 83 
Te CI ESL Oe ee eine cs hie sw 8lh *1,000 1,050,005} 109,720} 41,550{ 1,201,275 20,180' 6 39 
Smith’s Falls..0.ccccccsees a ee etGs 900} 966.805} 53,200] 4,500] 1,024,505| 25,255! 5 95 
Banatieey Ye nec. eas 201 144,365 oad cae 161,295 3,496] 4 10 
TGtal urban 1895.. 4,133 5,600 3,629,999 330,620| 64,330] 4,024,949 socte aia We 
Che shit 1894.. 4078 5,904| 3,617,899] 343,710} 62,930] 4,024,539 oa: 5 04 
VICTORIA : | | | 
Bex leit al iiie Pew ate big sl 312! 28,499 131,992 POON Ae acy, | 132,192 3,639| 4 07 
CANOSA PS PIT nod oe 215) 5-.138:320 BL 21S [oe ee eaters 61,213 2,053) 2 84 
ADT GO Tis ce ick eae aR eee 141): 27,097 34. 27D linha teiio be atralid joie tap es 34,275 1,022) 1 97 
Eildon S24 jee cece Week es Hol soa 726, 360 Pie | Apne te | beetles ac 4 28 
{ 
* Taken from return of 1894. + Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


16 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.-—-Continued, 


Taxes i 
Assessed values, axes Imposed 


| for all purposes. 
| | eet 
No. of eran | 
Municipalities. rate- ae Rent : Sas : Masnbia Per 
| | haah et | sessed, | property. | pro- | income. Total | Total head. 
: | perty. | 
| | $ $ 3 $ $ $c. 
VIcTORIA.— Con. | | | 
BEL Sher ear MAGA eel) fee 795| 68,264 O89 LOGS. os dae alten c 989,196 10,089| 4 78 
I ONnOIGH Var fee oe ate ee 839} 51,644 731,600 Fi Pater as lhaeel ore paeaeaes | 731,600 8,325| 3 60 
Laxton, Digby and Longford 198} 70,672 GRAB O oe erate rascals | 74,439 2;599\"" 3-28 
Mariean toe code bn oe 1,468| 74,952} 2,606,411| 1,400)....... 2,607,811! 19.383] 5 08 
Caper ook hah soles RSGl amo LOpiwel O70. 690]... eisaahela Sere ace 1,570,690 15,358] 6 27 
POMCFVIIG og) Os open ees 457| 62,278 203,875 POLO eer ee 205,590 5,865} 3 29 
MWiarti ait tn:. % 6 cud sh «store 673} 55,799 532,155 GOO) Neve ae: 532,755 8,523] 4 58 
(1895 6,614] 585,299} 7,662,206 Sati BAP eerie 7,669,296 88,419) 4 43 
Total rural .......; 1 1894 6,626| 585,461} 7,692,490! | 5,265)........ La 90,382| 4 54 
LANASA Use odo SAS he gre 1,763 1,550; 1,502,170} 329,715) 39,450) 1,871,335) 47,9541 7 05 
Bobéay peony sic tok seee ss cs | 280 434 138,390] 12,850)........ 151,240 3,377| 4 0S 
Meneslonelalis ooo. cae 331 500 159,317 D300) Lee ata 168,667 5,060! 4 28 
meme oo, whacc aie eee 276 414 97,856 3,500 2,050 103, 406 2,284) 3 95 
IW OOCVILIG:!, cube stg tiatee wo 115 460 70,880} 4,400,........ 75, 280| 951) 1°72 
ad ce ER (1895..| 2,765] 3,358 eee 359,815) 41,500) 2,369,928, 59,626) 6 00 
ee atte 11894 es 3,447 Neca 380,071} 40,725! 2,393,204 58,189} 5 96 
| 
PETERBOROUGH : | | 
(Agphodels ot eee see | 599] 37,7841 850,485 S00 ee | 851,85! 7,700) 4 ba 
Belmont and Methuen ...... | 539] 77,871 POT OS 5 howe ees yee ewes 197, 235) 5,035} 2 62 
Burleigh and Anatruther.... 233) 31,243 BZ 904i era eee eek 52,904 2,225] °3 82 
ASTRA DOR WS oo toni 2 Sone leek 302} 39,869 DA. SO aN ft Myacee a nar 54,960 1,986} 8 12 
MOTO Sept ois acstar sill Salhotes ies 570| 38,749 TORUS Rl ee Menttta alle attack | 798,380 6,774| 3 57 
Damien i sae Ss oka. 691| 66,516 C207 GO Ceres wal atann oak 620.760 5,852) 2 S81 
HIMISMOret aN 6s) e ek. Sete 240) *17,284 DOT AD ucts srstareifig We vis Fe 367,946| 2,716) 308 
Galway and Cavendish...... 294| 46,949 DOE LOG Mabe tes nl nce Sree 52,199 1,344; 1 46 
ELAU VOW OR, Shige aistatet Se bone 5 431] 56,298 io CORN oeacman Cite gee 2s 173,002 2,941) 2 70 
Mi onag ian IN 66 oo 5s anaes s 382| 13,960 640,610... . Le 640,610 3,802' 4 62 
SUDO ADOC: Ze. ot hore se 1,031 64,373] 2,045,100 8,252 1,000} 2,054,352 14,165] 4 24 
DIDIL He daits ce Suih uid oe ce hes EOOV DA TISh Ch 440 970N s.r aaa Oe 1,440,970 11,054) 4 09 
| 
Moen airal 1895. 6,313] 558,614) 7,294,551) 9,052 1,000| 7,304,603 65,5941 38 52 
dee boar 1894. | 6,334} 551,812) 7,332,333 9,200! 1,500; 7,343,033) 65, 906| 3 5& 
| 
+Peterborough ........ Paseo 3,253 “1389 3,944,700) 226,900! 142,718] 4,314,318 70,479! 6 5G 
Ashburn bam wens soot tee. | 556 944 419,086} 14,100 2,000 435,186 7,470| 4 48 
TIEAV GLOGS es Paeres te tok as 206 499 115,680 oEDOO eee ee 118,880 2,332) 2 86 
Daleetiold ie Payhss ee 952. 4h 331 506 QT BeZnO ate. D2} mete ke c- 300,775 3,910! 3 62 
NOES OCU Wau. URrY ate Sue ttn ce oh 367 405 200,125 7,300 1,100 208,525 4,175| 3 87 
ore erbar 1895.. 4,713 3,636| 4,957,841} 274,025} 145,818] 5,377,684} aan 5 7] 
oA ee 1894. . 4,544 fe 4,924,133] 290,260! 158,875} 6,378,268! 94,3292) 6 1h 
| | 
HALIBURTON : | | 
Anson and Hindon...... 86] . 12,815! 32,998 LiSTotitatsee's oo 34,373 4,017; 3 71 
SOT CUE RM Lena atin cae ve 167| 25,837 32,316 DOO ence 32,566 L262) “Oa 
Daa bec ccll eM i es © dle c as 3011 366,559 131,888 £200) ako ear, 136,088 5,250} 5 31 
Glamorgan .... .... ..... 164; 20,580 OS SOL Mas \ameatinee oe 23,301| 1,193! 2 35 
thE PWOEbh so a2t ok Oh ahs cess 134 20,589] DOS GA Die MNP ey ad Sake © 35,942 1,403/ 3 12 
WAavGlerie iu cu tack | 324, 35,969 84,315 1,600 500 86, 415 2,754| 2 31 
PVISTATOR EE iia Sestak ests wt | 142) 21,553 PANY RO BOIL A eur ies Rees teow HRS 26,819) 1,115) 2 06 
RSIINWNE ts ie oie ¢ ees sa og 277| 34,539 70,468 1150 ee es 71,618) 3,934' 4 95 
Stanhope and Sherbourne .. 196 ay 32,068 TOOT ce 32,168) 1,265) 2 00 
Totalrnral 1895. . 1,791) 562,504 470,115 8,675 500 479,290| 19. 193)>-3. 21 
Sate at) 1894. 7 1,766} 563,512 anise 10,325 soe 483,411; 22,183) 3 85 
| 


ES ES aT a a LS Ey eke eee 
* Taken from return of 1894. + Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


2 Hit.) 17 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


ee ——— 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


Taxes imposed 


Novof Assessed values. for all purposes. 
No. of ere: 
acres 
Municipalities. rate- | ao Rat | Per- Tasable pan 
payers. < a0 a Total Total, 
sessed. | property.| pro- | income. head. 
| perty.| | 
Fe 8) es See eee RLS Pee ee iE Nel 2 ey CE UY | MA | — 
| | $ § | $ | $ $ $c 
FLASTINGS : | | 
Bangor, Wicklow and McC . 172| 24,429 24,640 1420s 26,065 1,464| 1 90 
Carlow 2 ec.0l..s > Petal aie gat ooh. 140, 18,375 BY DDOL oer ce hl ebro eee 52,550 1,910} 3 60 
SB hvecved 110 to) om es Wed re SE bn FN 192} 33,023 49,086) 4. 4. ot Pee ty: 49,086 1,940 2 63 
Elzevir and Grimsthorpe.... 360} 68,192) 105 ;080)0% 2oooe |. ake 105,080 3,270) 3 32 
ARTA Aye Vek obeetiias tees 296| 44,578! 57,7851 <7 21/300) ene 59, 085 2,156! 2 20 
Hungerford ......0.0-..e00. 1,244] 91,895! 741,369] —1,050]....... 742,419] 11,347] 2 51 
hinting dons ver eyers seks 766] 55,342 430,D88) 4 <chse on | Se Sch 430,588 7,183] 3 11 
PTamenick ui). uw. does esate: & 141] 43 364 at Bye 0d Damen MEL Tena a A 54,782 1,055) 2 02 
NIACOC IT ee fe se tee Tee *551| 67,625 AOL S02)s ere ee vio eee 491,802} 10,525) 4 16 
Marmora and Lake ........ 618] 102,156 289,042 2; GOO cure ere 291,642 6,886] 3 50 
MEA y Ormco oa ee do cheats | 127| 17,483 29.2002 eee tes Ae is 29,200 1,455) 3 24 
Monteagle and Herschel .... 442| 538,896 (4, 899| coe ee | Sette 74, 899 3,065) 2 OL 
Rta wUOn aie chetaen cieiae ett otis | 1,105} 66,517 1,194,020 Pattee ses al Chen 1,194,020} 12,748! 3 77 
reals be(en gaiesereiaiige wont, aia ae ns Same aE) 1,546| 69,567] 2,326,690!........ 6,500, 2,333,190} 18,408] 4 380 
Thuelowciee ii cris io. oi 1,673] 53,443] 2,064,800!........ BSE sigs 2,064,800! 19,249] 3 98 
Tudor and Cashel .......... 219) 59,678 BH ZOO Eye seas 65,269 2,601} 3 36 
A VENGINAGA sic ss th teh oy: 1,186] 75,070) 1,428,756 25385) 600! 1,429,881} 17,308] 4 59 
Wollaston } Siieis adh ewa de | i 50,627 OLMIG) Cise teal eae 61,415 1,812} 2 62 
Total 1 ae. 10,983] 990,260} 9,539,773| 8,900 7,100) 9,555,773] 124,882} 3 50 
SAS dag od ia Ny 1894..| 10,999) 997,256} 9,557,186 8,450} 5,805! 9,571,441] 180,712, 3 70 
| 
TIESEPOTEO Ss Sateiovc huss «cope hao 732) 533 652,735] 37,100 6,800! 696,635] 16,023) 5 41 
+Trenton. ....0000065 MAR sos’ 1,478! 1,800] 1,188,938] 31,475] 9,000] 1,224,413] 26,883] 6 41 
INT AR OCING shew tate cs cee cholo 363 426 DIS ODD coe. cys Salar a aene 228,052 5,825} 5 46 
Se LD 6 a Rear are  y [l Aeon am, GANG gS 286 720 166,729 3,475 400° 170,604 3,471| 4 35 
PL GCU Wet fees Mieco aestorcre hts | 326 371 188,400 30,000 700 214,190 3,435} 3 86 
Totatecbag 1895.. 3,185 3,850| 2,414,944; 102,050} 16,900} 2,533,894| 55,587) 5 61 
Or 1894.. 2,939 3,885} 2,408,290} 93,950) 12,000] 2,514,240| 57,931] 5 63 
MovskKOKA | | 
Brunlas cece eee aces gt 255| 40,675 94.093 |S ey ae ee 94,095 1,781} 2 46 
Gariwellitunay ante emia: 178] 30,147 76,707 pga, SOL eee ena 79,051 1; 32h e Sao 
LOL AT) 1) eile Bian hy AO Se Resear Fa 356} 44,391 128 C4 oe letras haar: 128,042 2,505} 2 25 
DFaperGun Soper ests s cates 317| 39,627 90 O61 ae dene: 5,620 95,681 2,463| 2 76 
McLean and Ridout........ 294| 38,717 93;939\sier 2, OO0\FLe eee 96,589 1,968] 2 63 
WVERGATIIAY (itecctc thal aa ctser auik'e 279| 35,786 OT, AGT aA ewe 97,467 2,723)°o 3°SY 
Medora and Wood.......... 557| 56,782 DLL OT ols parte te 4 otetah nets | 211,573 3,186} 3 16 
NLOMGK We Seance Coats ws wei, ‘ 295| 27,636 153,109 OOO )c, ne, 153,674 2,276; 2 67 
VL HENIMOL aN nh act te eaters aid tis 236| 21,981 74,156 T,600)33.575,00 | 7,305 1,652| 1 72 
VETS ICO (5 slaPaa eg wee ee make 258, 31,228 89768) ca tas oe eine tacks 89,768 1,661| 2 66 
allay ares csr sete tA 120) 23,541 BD:689 nce ah eet ome 35,639 908] 2 56 
By VEL OR saKiaxetateia ie disks’ Chatdie’ett cee 164} 20,985 50,444 Delo ene 51,619 1,277| 2 30 
Stephenson ce \stke vs ine ek 280| 42,288 120,643)) “171005 2G. . 137,643 2,029 2.00 
SSEISCOM A eet bipr Ras Meld ae ka ae 332| 42,188 93,764 650} eset 94,414 17814-2288 
NM AUGie meg emkcrtetls caress 289 ad 118,872) ASO! eee sh 114,322 2,066} 2 40 
Mota earhl 1895.. 4,010 530,813] 1,523,256' 26,504] 5,620} 1,555,380! 30,007} 2 68 
SAE Zin tat se ats 1894.. 4,021| 524,782| 1,452,542) 31,104]........ 1,483,646; 28,624) 2 67 
BrACEDTIAGE: Cn eaten oan tania ars | 578 524| pre 37,625 5,350 285 816! 8,550| 4 55 
Gravenhurst sop ck iv wan twee | 531! 481 257,995|." 8,750) 8s he. 266,750 9,460] 5 07 
FLUnCS Ville Wows oh ies ciel eae 431| *450 192,454; 25,225 1,275 218,954 5,474) 3 62 
Pinger ecrhar eate 1,540 1,455 Le 71,6051 6,625! 771,520} 23,484! 4 47 
see ae 1894.. 2,426 1,604 638,389, 53,180) 6,723| 698,292} 20,649) 4 07 
PaRRY SOUND: | | | 
UPA PIOUE i ahr alt hts eerie 268; 38,054 192,230 A OUO ae ae 193,830 2,047| 2 18 
U, CHAPMBI he eamten a setae, 257 | 34,012 aay D,OUD tas Jaren rea 1,004; 1 64 
wit 
* 'Taken from return of 1894, t+ Separated from county for municipal purposes. 
18 


oe 


ried 
“7 
Ns 


Parry Sounp.—Cun. 


>" 


59 Victoria. 


\ 


Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


ee ee ee eee 


*Christie 


POLY is 2 fee 


Hagerman 
Himsworth, N 
Himsworth, S 
Humphrey 
Joly . 
McDougall 
McKellar 

MecMurrich 
Machar ...... 
Nipissing 
Perry 
Ryerson...... 
Strong 


Si Lay else) ae 
ae 


zp oeecere 


asec ee 


Parry Sound . 
Burk’s Falls.. 
Sundridge.... 


Total urban 


WNIPISSING : 


Bonfield...... 
*Oaldwell 
Calvin 
Cameron 
Ferris 

McKim 
Mattawan.... 
Papineau .... 
Springer ..... 
Widdifield 


so) oh'e 
eosree on 

see 
eoseee 


ere 


Total rural 


Mattawa 
North Bay .. 
Sudbury...... 


Total urban 


MANITOULIN : 


Assiginack .. 
Billings...... 
Burpee 
Carnarvon 


ele eels sale sin 26 


a 6 oe efeLius sae -iale 


A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


eee ese eee eee 


ee 


eee reer er roeee 


ee Ss ee & © 6 6 2 sere 


eer eee renee reese 


ee ee esr ieee sose 


eee eee ee tet 


er 


Ct ee fe 0 ups eh 6 6 ¢ 


ee ey 


Sate Oo 0G. 


Die, Seiwa) 818d ate) ee 


eo eee oe ese er eee 


3,21 Oe ete espa sie ip 


eens 8 9) 68 8 mee ia, 6 © 


a 


eer e eee eeseee 


Ciao @ ) Ps emis eceie & 


ae eee ee cece ee 


eer eerererere 


oe 


ce cs 


Se ee 


er eres erro sere 


ee eer ee eso wonsr 


cere eee eee seer 


ee 


eels! ba, 80) 2 age hm 6 


eed je m8) ¢ 8) Ose eels 


Cockburn Island............ 


Gordon ...... 
Howland 
Sandfield 
Tehkummah., 


«ee 


Total rural 


ee see ert thew ne 
ee 
ee ee) 


f1895.. 
| 1894. 


eee eee 


No. of 


No. of spol 
rate- ~—e | 
payers. | sossed. | 
| | 
140 15,220) 
167} 28,995 
147 17,306) 
°149| 10,094; 
384| 44,792 
248| 28,274 
4 ya ants SERA ts 
149| 24 558 
202! 26,931 
254| 38,218 
291| 34,724 
V7L 3285328 
397| 41,751 
224) 38,110 
+221| 38,832 
3, i Spas 
3,571| 488,484 
616| +805 
164 582 
155 423 
935 1,810 
739 aoe 
ea 31700 
160; 30,592 
132|- 23,343 
52 9,485 
283) 34,753 
195| 13,086 
68} 11,118 
191| 19,743 
431| +28,911 
207 ciel 
2,013| 239,765 
1,858} 214,164 
441 +500 
698 500 
407 2,479 
1,546 8,479 


35,096! 
147| 23,819 
61| 12,621 
163} 24,940) 
81] 10,803 
255| 35,700 
255| 46,797 
83] 12,021 
a 19,690 

1,485| 221,487| 

1636 


221,528 | 


*Organized in 1894. 


Real 
property. 


60,933 
54,507 
47,612 
48,168 

185,076 

105,974 
41,910) 
56,690 
74,140 

119,393 
89,626 
93,815 

181,129 

123,971 

128,835 


1,705,663 
1,655,486 


307,070 
75,099 
59,532 


441.701 
411,798 


ae 
40,606 
33,890 
23,800 
a8 77 
41,270 
34.446 
15 029 
65,771 
49,815 


458,505 
444 888 


216,121 
413,840 
249,702! 


879,663 
695,646 


131,533 
63,819 
19,480! 
61,172 
20,325 

108,000 

115,709 


Per- 
Sot Taxable ee 
pro- | income. dtr 
perty.| 
| I 
$ | $ | $ | 
ae at one on 60,933 
Dy Wha eerie | 56,622 
1,750 500 49,862 
3 (Gn tae pene! 51,863 
GSA) < yeu cee: | 194,660 
4,581|.. | 110,555 
wha oe | ee 41,910 
BeBe’ ites 56,690 
arate ietenen. 74,140 
he Sate Efay ame o'r 11 9-398 
L000 eyes. | 90,626 
1/400} 95,215 
OOD a taocnoe | 188,654 
Perea en RLM Sale | 123,971 
Oued. | iad 128,835 
39,055 500] 1,745,218 
39,610)........ 1,695,096 
17,400| 2,900} 327,370 
10,850: 300 86, 249| 
4850) eee oe) 64,382 
33,100] 3,200] 478,001 
39,650} 3,500] 454,948 
\ 
| | 
20205 cee | 68,010 
PA ees 9 PG Une 40,606 
THE ee 35,007 
ie See We 23,800 
200) alee 53,377 
49,545/........ 90,815 
PR el tod TEKS FY 34,446 
oe Ue Sige sugas 48,020 
Ti 270 eens 73,041 
ieee ere ee | 49, 815 
tei Sy Ree 516 937 
57500 et 502, 388 
60,900! 3,700] 280,721 
12,600) haste) 426,490 
ae 800 pun 
128,550| 4,500} 1,012,713 
131,350} 6,100) 833,096 
BSO0 ier, 135,333 
NP are Were et Nd ees 63,819 
SITS eee. 19,480 
mu ngd TAG on ena 61,172 
7,430 300 28,055 
Jf Ea eign ae 108,000 
LOO one Bs 118,409 
SH ORS pion. mal eb ees 30, 235 
al Soper el oie Corts | 51,125 
18,930 300] 615,628 


601,398 
587,000 


Assessed values. 


ea cet 606,585 tenig 


+Taken from return of 1894. 


Lo 


Taxes imposed 


for all purposes. 
Per 

Total. Heads 
$ | $ c. 
1,009) 3 04 
984; 2 00 
1,335} 2 60 
1,332] 6 53 
3,045| 2 23 
1,503; 2 75 
761| 2 85 
1,305| 3 85 
1,898} 3 14 
1,978) 2 85 
2,164) 2 43 
1,393] 2 56 
2,500; 1 99 
1,852, 2 90 
1,828} 2 70 
27,938) 2 56 
27,308 2 76 
9,618} 5 19 
2,406} 4 11 
1,566, 3 69 
13,590} 4 75 
10,230} 3 77 
1,962} 1 53 
506} 110 
923| 1 88 
575| 6 61 
1,644) 3 21 
3,300} 5 28 
555| 2 40 
720| 115 
4,001! 3 29 
896] 2 15 
15,082| 2 54 
14,028) 2 49 
6,892| 3 83 
10,656} 4 92 
10,057| 7 14 
27,605} 5 13 
21,681} 3 90 
2,065; 1 99 
835; 2 54 
587; 3 04 
1,209] 2 27 
871| 5 62 
1,547| 2 21 
2,500} 2 98 
843} 3 53 
908] 2 33 

| 

11,365} 2 57 
3 18 


eee care Le ee es TT ee tala Reet oe nee oe ee 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


*Taken from return of 1894, 


tOrganized in 1894. 


, | Taxes imposed 
| No. of Assessed values. for all purposes. 
ROE No. of | acres | 
Municipalities, rate- ark Raat ? ate Taxable | Pee 
Payers: | sessed. property. | pro- | income. Total. Total. head 
pene | | 
| | Ses | $ 3 | $ Auhste 
MANITOULIN.— Con. | | | 
Qeree Bay we eee ee, 137 817 S7V7D 1S G00 ere 100,775} 2,443) 4 70 
Tittle Current .....5.....00. 152 400 75,000 10,000 Ota =, 000 2,257| 4 13 
1895... 289}, 1,217) 162,175). 23,6001, ,...... ( 185,775] 4,700 4 41 
Total urban...... 1894. | . 1,485| 157,500 40,725). 1111”! | 1285 4,710) 4 45 
ALGOMA : 
Balfaur tet oc 0 Ce eth ie *120} 16,192; DOQSB linus een Ves ee eee 50,285} 1,518] 3 16 
+Drury, Denison and Graham 237| 40,147 GOSS I lisse sciaeen sehen 90,381 1,675| 7 OL 
align ee eee Ean 170] 13,803 85,837| 13,400]........ 99,237| 1,304] 2 81 
Hiltons tees sue ets | 117| 25,967 41.405 2007.0 eal nee | 41,405| 1,290] 4 30 
Joodym nee creme ese 158] 28,081 G2.072 no 119701 eee 74,242) 2081! ° 5°27 
Johnson and Tarbutt. ..... | 153] 32,954 LES, SSL 62,070) eee aoe | 116,056 1,569; 2 84 
Wesirdonca t. %o svar: ur ee 122} 14,356 GL O00 bee eae Pathe eee | 61,209 795| 3 07 
Macdonald and Meredith. . . | 108} 16,910 ATOSo lea ee | AEN | 4779361 1,040] 2 52 
Plummer additional ........ 137| 16 811 88,524 001 0 Sem cee 88,724 1,281; 2 35 
Raysido swe Comin eg 126} 18,112 29 DBT eae ven Leia io Sy is 29,557 1,046] 2 24 
Nei Osaplide fae ia esr. 4d 256| 28,591 G4730\4) 2,600| 2220, ice 97,330] 2,395] 3 O1 
Salter, May and 116........ 226) 34,945 85,940] | 2,499) ......... 88,369] 1,896] 2 90 
Sault Ste. Marie..... ...... 392| 47,019] 296,214|...22..; | SAAR | 226,214) 4,784| 9 57 
Phessaton ss ite at ss dace 163} 17,840 DiS Ped= SA Rene het is came 4 Ae 49, 285) 1,417| 3 06 
TaceP ewes 1895..| 2,485 so1 733 1196756) 33)474|5. 2.0 1,160,230 24,091 3 69 
Ee ae 1894..| 2,408] 340,120] 1,108,782] 45,030 50] 1,153,862] 21,257; 3 61 
I | 
Sault Ste. Marie ............ 9941 2,100} 911,954! 32,800 1,400 958,154] 19,428] 7 79 
UE CATT a eter teas oe ee *150) > -*728|"-; 101,460) ° 20,700)... eo. 122,160} 2,496] 3 92 
Weal shee /1695..| 1,144) 2,828) 1,013,414; 53,500) 13,400! 1,080,314] 21,9241 7 00 
Seer ae reco\ A O04 | 876} 2,828} 978,164] 67,000) 2,800] 1,047,964] 23769] 8 64 
THUNDER Bay: | | | 
Naepiag et i ett ace t V78| p11 9882) 168,049), 2 eee See 193,049 2,971] 47 16 
POT eC et ae 196 2 74 82,519 400] eee 82,919] 1,338! 377 
Strimiat Want wee taut | 125, *96,843|  156,591|........ l 400] 156,991] 2,749] 20 21 
Tekeeecral (1895. | a 237,699} 402,159 400) 400} 402,959] 7,058] 12 74 
i Neer toes | 1894. | 410| 239,231} - 394,2411,.>, / 2. S00 eee 7,217| 12 15 
| 
HortaWalliai sane on oe. 673] 7,000] 845,016; 31,200} 11,550] 887,766! 22,505] 11 16 
Part Aythur i eee oe 831) 12,500) 1,247,175] 91,800} 35,400} 1,374,375] 35,631| 11 86 
| 
Total tira f 1895.. 1,504 19,500; 2,092,191} 123,000] 46,950) 2,262,141 55 139 11 58 
eae | 1894... 122 19,500| 2,267,603] 140,900] 47,650] 2,456,153) 57,910] 11 69 
Rainy RIvEr: | | 
NIDerLGn ae cereus. 203) *12,526 70,655] 19,286]... ..... 89,941] - 1,332] 5 35 
Kigew ati en aoa ee ee cas gl | 183} #260), 7208 G90! ee 725 lenin 212,415] 2.3441 3 79 
Teal (1895... 386] 15,086] 279,345] 23,011]...... | 302,356] 3,676] 4 24 
vested idan ic Pa Ea (1894. | 357 si 268)339| 938,0571...00-2. 301,396 3,188] 3 72 
1895..| 1,131] *5,760; 897,471] 120,625} 1,000] 1,019,096} 19,901] 6 70 
Rat Portage (urban) . fs 1,355] 5,760] 816,295) 119350] 4,400| ° 940,045 15,839 4 98 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION. 


TasLeE II. Detailed statement of the Cities, Towns separated from Counties, and other incorporated 
Towns of Ontario giving statistic of Assessment and Taxation, as in Table I., for the two years, 


1894-95, 
No. of Taxes imposed 
: Assessed values, 

a No. of Nae for all purposes. 

Cities and Towns. rate: assess- Real Personal | Taxable Total Total Per 
POY SEBS ed: | property. | property. | income. | head. 

CITIES. | | $ | $ $ | $ $ $ c. 
Windsor : f 1895 3,026, 2,020 5,242,418 169,100 56,350] 5,467,868 153,804! 13 32 
( Hssex Co.) (1894 2,7 i 2,020] 4,853, 394 172,300 68,750 hee ere 143,869 12 56 
Chatham : 1895 1,890, 1,650 3,281,090 160,450 83,300 3,524,890. 67,133, 7 44 
(Kent Co.) 1894 1,875| 1,650 3,262,804 153 250 78,450: 8,494, a 70,565, 8 10 

| 
St. Thomas: 1895 3,297| 1,600 3,771,579 255,450 ae 4,252,779, 88,376. 8 37 
(Elgin Co.) 1894 3,215| 1,600 3, 682.358 272,335 Ba 4,189,407 aL 8 52 
London : {1895 8,303 4,089] 12,922,194] 1,414,900 845,825: 15,182,919 337,845| 9 81 
(Middlesex Co.) | 1894 8,400 4,100; 12,668,375] 1,475,850 773,700 14,917,925 295,849} 8 85 
Brantford : 1895 3,183; 2,541 5,558,395 619,730 122,516; 6,300,641 122,591; 7 51 
(Brant Co.) 1894 3,036) :2,541 5,552,900 727,800 ae 6,408,260 125,122} 7 98 
Stratford : (1895 2,342) 2,835 3,756,070 115,200 77,450! 3,948,720 84,405| 8 14 
Perth Co.) 1894 2,794| 2,835 3,664,975 116,850 88,025] 3,869,850 83,507; 8 17 
Guelph : 1895 2,849} 3,210 3,348,025 268,670, 100,150; 3,716,845 92,987; 8 68 
(Wellington Co.) 1894] 2,834 eae 3, 315,620 259,400 93,700; 3,668,720) 85,027; 8 10 
| 

St. Catharines : 1895 3,483 3,000 3,667,775 548,350 56,150 4,272,275 91,402) 9 47 
(Lincoln Oo.) 1894 3,254! 3,000 3,684,025 544,400 anid 4,289,775 79,479| 8 26 
Hamilton : 1895} 13,496 aa 21,654,630} 2,774,810 708,780] 25,138, 220 504,585| 10 34 


Wentworth Oo.) (1894) 13,174] 2,700 491,982} 10 15 


3,063,770| 17 32 


Toronto: 1895) 54,471] 9,638 


21,142,800 2774810 725,910} 24,691,720 
133,547,442 6177.69 4,703,114 yee 


(York Co.) 1894’ 52,391] 9,638, Aone 8,199,581| 4,720,770 150,766.739 3,129,247| 17 95 
l 
Kingston : isos! 4,421} 2,300| 6,557,325] 870,087] 269,750. _7,697,162/ 141,388] 7 88 
(Frontenac Co.) 11894) 4,096 2,800) 6,542,125] 999,400] 281,450) 7,822,975] 142.356; 7 99 
Ottawa: 1895! 11,000] 3,365} 18,085,500] 1,250,300] 414,525} 19,750,325| 443,600] 8 93 
(Carleton Oo.) 11894 19,140) 3,366] 17,703,635] 1,329,925]  366,375| 19,399,935 at 9 16 
Belleville : 1895} 3,400 1,600! 3,687,096) 227,400] 95,700) 4,010,196] 85,7588 31 
(Hastings Co) 1894} 3,350] 1,600| 3,659,483] 249,200] 106,937| 4,015,620! 82,909! 8 20 


TOWNS SEPARATED FROM | 

COUNTIES. | 
Walkerville : 1895, 314] 450 842,206, 988,313}  53,960| 1,884,479] 22,902, 19 93 
(Essex Co.) 18941 322/450 797,912) 1,003,924).......... 1,801,836 ad 18 61 
Niagara Falls: (1895) 1,394 1,082) 1,969,310] 75,150 5,600) 2,050,060} 37,655. 10 08 
(Welland Co.) 1894! 1,322) 1,082] 1,923,745] -59,200| 13,000, 1,995,945) 34,245. 9 46 
St. Marys: 1895] 1,072| 2,642; 1,085,365/ 88,90c| 24,850! 1,196,115 01,519 6 59 
(Perth Co.) 1894, 1,014; 2,672) 1,090,285] 75,225 ZH 1,188,520 ee 6 63 
Toronto Junction : ( 1895 in 1,226] 4,398,882; 171,225]... ..4.. | 4,570,107; 88,658) 20 00 
(York Co.) 1894! ng ea] 4,320,784, 170,125].......... 4,490,909, 88,386) 20 65 

* y 

yetiel ae 1895] 1,776) 2,413, 1,252,728, 94,800] 31,550 1,878,578 38,559] 9 04 
land: Ca) 1894/ 1,854, 2,414] 1,248,853) 93,750] 29,350 co 36,333] 8 43 
Brockville: Bey 1,993) 1,242) 3,071,588} 252,300] 62,000] 8,385,888, 93,274] 10 21 
(Leeds Oo.) 1894] 1,871} 1,242| 3,126,035] 312,995! 35,160] 8,474,180! 75,993] 8 80 


* Re-united with Northumberland and Durham in 1896, 


21 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


No. of Taxes imposed 
No. of | Assessed values. for all purposes. 
Towns separated from een eae i FS MP 

Counties. assess-| Real Personal | Taxable Totalt clo Total: Per 

payers. | od. | property. | property. | income. head. 

ia $ $ $ $c. 
Prescott : 1895] 820) 1,182| 816,725) 28,850, 9,200; + 854,775] + —-17,403| 6 18 
(Grenville Co.) 1894 832, 1,182 813,150 ane ae 855,900 17,347} 5 90 
Perth ; 1895 ae 1,000; 1,050,005 109,720! 41,550; 1,201,275 20,180} 6 39 
(Lanark Co.) 1894 812 1,009 1,062,075} 115,840} 40,800} 1,218,715 ae 6 49 
Peterborough : 1895| 3,253] 1,282) 3,944,700 226,900] 142,718] 4,314,318! 70,479] 6 50 
(Peterborough Co.) | 1894 3,210} 1,282} 3,914,290, 242,250 155,575} 4,312,115 75,273! 7 06 
Trenton : rien 1,478} 1,800 1,183,938) 31,475 9,000; 1,224,413 26,833 | 6 41 
(Hastings Co.) 8,800} 1,209,623 29,220, 7 38 


1894] 1,253! 1,800] 1,168,123} 32,700 


7,000 481,150] 13,939 


OTHER TOWNS. 


Amherstburg : 1895 957) 417| 446,950) —-27,200 6 39 
(Essex Co.) 1894 1,094| 416) 452,880) 27,650 5,800| 486,330 13,144] 6 31 
| 
Essex : ee 7941 700) 365,625) —«-18,750 5,700] 885,075) —«-11,938] 5 50 
(Essex Co.) 1894 668; 700,  366,173| 14,900 ld 387,673} 12,831! 5 70 
Leamington : 1895 512| 700, 341,748] 31,815} 10,050] + —=«- 388,613 9,264| 4 98 
(Essex Co,) 1894 692, 700, 344,286 oe 3,150! 379,611 9,583] 5 36 
Sandwich : 199 495| 2,000 419,747| 12,250) 1,190| 433,187 6,890] 5 82 
(Kssex Co.) 1894 431| 2,000 es 14,350] 4.240] 433,870. 5,640| 4 15 
| 
Blenhein : 1895 575, 488]  384,760' 35,010 7,910|  427,¢80 8,786] 5 15 
(Kent Co ) 1894 537| 488} 371,340} 33,510 7,420| 412,270 8,703| 5 48 
| | 
Bothwell : 1895 938, 2,250| 172,587, 22,250 400| 195,237), —- 3,638] 4 26 
(Kent Co.) 1894 a 2,250| 169,845 23,150 400] 198,395 3,501| 4 15 
Dresden : 1895 702, 642| 417,980) —-25, 250 600| 443,810, —- 10,834] 5 74 
(Kent Oo.) 1894 711; 642} 430.140] 26,850 600; 457,590, —-:10,213] 5 55 
Bidgetown : 1895 572} 662] 590,650} * 49,916 3,575] 644,140] «13, 708] 6 32 
(Keat Co.) 1894 567| 662] 596,884/ 47,600, 2,250 646,734| 18,446] 6 30 
Aylmer: 1895 853, 531| 619,873} 94,325] 18,166 731,864| 16,604| 7 69 
(Elgin Co.) 1894 894 533] 614,628! 104,000) ‘18,216 al 16,739} 7 74 
Simcoe : 1895] 1,026 797| 809,025} 60,550] 42,285) ~—s- 911,860] —«-20,757) 7 84 
(Norfolk Oo. 1894] 1,063 797; 810,450! 61,385 += 39,100] +=: 910,885] + —«-20,669|_ 7 87 
| | 
Thorold : 1895 60 780|  571,727/ 32,600 4,050 608,377 16,568] 7 33 
(Welland Oo.) 1894 ie 780| 581,157) 37,280 4,700| 628,137 16,857 7 03 
Welland : 1895 672; 700' 546,629}  66,060/ 14,500! —«-«627,189] 14,280] 7 40 
(Welland Co.) 1894 6 700; 546,126] 57,400) 13,100, 616,626 14,378] 7 71 
Forest : 1895 568) 950| 311,305) 20,125 8,500, 334,930 8,308] 5 33 
(Lambton Co.) 1894 558| 950. 315,785| 20,625 4,500 340,910 8,196] 5 27 
Petrolea: (1895)  1,821| 2,700) 1,071,900! 53,600° —««5,650} 1,191,150} 34,264) 7 89 
(Lambton Co.) 11894' 1,661] 2,700] 1,096,025 54,300 = 72,250| + 1.222,575| + 32,606| 7 27 
Sarnia: 1895 1,761) 1,450’ 1,818110) 152,672 107,425! 2,078,217; -54,957/ 8 74 
(Lambton Co.) 1894 mar 1,450 1,788,015) 155,900. 108,813; 2,052,728! 55,541] 8 51 
Clinton: 1895! 829° 900 567,680, —-21,100! 9,7 598,480 12,380] 5 07 
(Huron Co.) ne 795, 900 568,940, 21,800, 12,100] 602,840 12,157| 5 02 
Goderich : [es 1,160 1,000} 970,685, 53,625 35,1701 1,059,480) 25,185) 6 81 
(Huron Co.) 1834}  1,146| 1,000} 965,000/ 56.175; 35,120] 1,056,295) 24,857 6 70 
Seaforth : { 1888 593] 550. 551,248} 74,375 8,400] 634,023]. 15,317] 6 85 
(Huron Oo.) 1894 597/ 550 571,135]  59,350| ~=—«'11,000} ~—s_«6 41,485] «16,150, 6 62 


22 


d9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


INo of Taxes imposed 
, Assessed value, 
No. of nated for all purposes. 
Other towns. rate- ‘assess-| Real | Personal | Taxable | Total | Total Per 
| Payers: | ed. | property. | property. | income. head. 
—_—_—_—_— ——— —_---- -- en O  n— = | _—___ ee me — eS eee > —__ —_— 
| Be oes ie bs $ $ $0. 
Wingham : Micat 634{ 640 441 048 71,000 4,700 516,748 10,993) 5 OL 
(Huron Co ) 1894 610} 640 428,648 55,955 7,100 491,703 11,219; 5 04 
Kincardine: f 18951 722) 1,100 594,005 36,750 14,150 644,905 15,477| 5 78 
(Bruce Co.) 1 1894 760} 1,100 606,535 34,400 14,100 655,035 16,376] 5 73 
Walkerton : ene 1,134] 1,850 593,745 49,300 15,100] 658,145 18,075 4 02 
(Bruce Co.) 1894, 1,126] 1,350] 589,870] —-51,900 igs 658,970| 15,042) 4 83 
| ‘ 
Wiarton : 1895 618| 746 361,400 29,600 4,000 395,000 8,464) 3 88 
(Bruce Co.) 1894 536; 690] 343,150 20,075 2,400 365, 625 8,044] 3 70 
Durham : Ricue 436| 1,100 253, 220 39, 250 5,500 , 297,970 7.036, 5 70 
(Grey Co.) 1894 376; 1,100 247,140 37,700 3,600 288,440 6,325) 5 17 
Meaford : (2399 a 1,500 526,947 36,800) 5,200 568, 947 11,452) 5 96 
(Grey Co.) 1894 637| 1,500 545,110 31,400) 4,800 581,310 10,921} 6 10 
| 
Owen Sound: { 1895 2,251 6,120, 2,375,108 136,777 51,915) 2,563,800 70,165) 9 40 
(Grey Co.) 1894 2,420] 6,120; 2,411,810 131,050 ra 2,575,385 70,358: 9 59 
Thornbury : (ses 314; 900 217,280 6,000|.......... 223,280] 3,615; 4 18 
(Grey Co ) 1894 305; 900} + =. 214,060 1, SOU |e icant: ; 221,910 4,296} 4 96 
Alliston : 1895 418; 500 307,795 11,625 4,400 323,820 7,046} 3 69 
(Simcoe Co.) 1894 412} 600 306,946 14,645 4,350 eau 6,828, 3 55 
Barrie : 1895 1,220} 2,100) 1,299,810 77,900 58,650] 1,436,360] 30,652) 6 08 
(Simcoe Co.) 1894 1,060] 2,100) 1,245,596 94,150 47,250} 1,386,996 28,632| _5 81 
| 
Oollingwood : eae 1,860} 4,400) 1,185,023 44,500 14,300) 1,243,823 31,512, 5 82 
(Simcoe Co.) 1894 1,615) 4,400 1,180,926) 43,950 16,250, 1,241,126 32,377' 6 27 
Midland: (2825 707; 467 417,300 9-950 i ctumeerenaces | 427,250 9,740; 5 27 
(Simcoe Oo.) 1894 648; 464) 436,710 (DO RS Shee 444,46C 8,825} 5 46. 
Orillia: 1895} 1,406] 1,600] 1,158,634 77,650, 17,100] 1,253,384 27,664; 5 48 
(Simcoe Co.) 1894 1,361; 1,600} 1,155,284 82,950 20,600 Paper 26,599} 5 46. 
Penetanguishene : 1895 631; 1,716 406,520 20,550 1,150 428,220, 11,468} 4 76 
(Simcoe Co.) 1894 761) 1,717 376,800 18,250 1,150 308 11,837; 5 10: 
| 
Stayner : 1895 411} 1,139 200,155 12, 800; 400, 213,355 4,772, 3 94 
(Simcoe Co.) 1894 409) 1,150 200,585 PeePOO rare ns | 212,785 ue 4 06 
Parkhill : f 1895 527| - 56! 286,805 26,200 2,850, $15,855 7,786) 4 96 
(Middlesex Co.) (1894 ed 525 277,369 30, 700| 2,000 310,069 9,052' 56 83 
| 
Strathroy : 1895 939| 2,200 868,770 52,840, 16,476 938,086 20,747; 6 79 
(Middlesex Co.) 1894 960} 2,200 875,886 aa 16,200 941,296 20,701} 6 86 
Ingersoll : 1895 1,636; 2,200] 1,326,770) 49 450 ioe 1,404,150 31,353) 7 OL 
(Oxford Co.) 1894 1,639] 2,200 rey 46,300, aera ean eres 7 80. 
Tilsonburg : 1895] 873| 2,000 649,360) 62,350 2,400, 714,110 145,987, 6 93 
(Oxford Co.) 1894 843] 2,000 Segal 48,950 3,000 690,340! 13,436, 6 07 
Woodstock : 1895 2,315] 1,525) 2,529,100 127,400) 65,750} 2,722,250 60,239 6 85 
(Oxford Co.) 1894 2,280} 1,525} 2,525,500 at EUS, 2,718, 650 62,135] 6 99 
Paris : 1895 1,143 685| 949,576 100,089; 15,710) 1,065,375 19,844} 6 51 
(Brant Oo.) 1894 1,014; 685 954,732 nN 15,415) 1,076,347 19,096] 6 23 
Listowel : 1895 1,081] 1,700 689, 980 60,890) 7,300! 758,080 15,459} 5 76 
(Perth Co.) 1894 1,079} 1,700 670,470 69,650 9,150 he Colds 15,198} 5 95 
Mitchell : { 1895 664; 1,200 591,020 70,275 6,850 668,145 13.019 6 13 
(Perth Oo.) 1894 641] 1,200 686 548 71,570 7,900, 666,018 12,182}, 5 52 


23 


/ 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


ee 


| No. of 

Other towns. rate- 
| payers. | 
nee 
Harriston : f 1895 518) 
(Wellington Co) (1894 508 
Mount Forest : 1895| 638 
(Wellington Co.) (1894 626 
Palmerston : f 1895 708 
(Wellington Co.) (1894 698 
Berlin: 1895| 92,0151 
(Waterloo Co.) 1894 2,014 
Galt : 1895 1,991 
(Waterloo Co.) (1894 2,149 
Waterloo: ye eis, 880! 
{Waterloo Co.) 11894 843 
Orangeville : ; (1899 L071 
(Dufferin Co.) (1894 1,071 
Niagara : £1895 500| 
(uincoln Co. ) | 1894 413} 
Dundas : ( 1895 1,162! 
(Wentworth Co.) 1 1894 986 
Milton: { 1895| 430 
(Halton Co.) 1894 300 
Oakville : f 1895 655 
(Halton Co.) ( 1894 629) 
Brampton : F 1895 1,132 
(Peel Co.) 1894] 1,190 
Aurora: leet 819 
(York Co.) 1894 857 
Newmarket : { 1895| 718! 
(York Co.) 1894 761 
North Toronto: { 1895 1,400 
(York Co.) 1894 1,226 
Oshawa: 1895| 1,505 
(Ontario Co,) 1894 1,436 
Uxbridge: 1895 738 
(Ontario Co.) 1894 412 
Whitby : f 1805 899 
(Ontario Co.) \ oon 868 
Bowmanville: 1895 911 
(Durham Oo.) (1894 936 
Port Hope: 1895| 1,896 
(Durham Oo.) 1894 1,808 
Picton : eee 1,158! 
(Princes Ed. Co.) 1894 1,070 
Napanee : { 1895 1,005 
(Lennox & Ad. Oo.) ma 1,019) 
Gananoque : 1895, 1,316 
(Leeds Co.) 1894, 1,336 


No. of | 
acres 
assess- Real 
ed. [eBerey | 
$ 
903) 371.240) 
896} 363,920 
1,414] 550,525 
1,414, 546,405 
919 357,060 
919 eo 
2,885] 2,427,691 
2,885] 2,467,065 
1,477 9, 659.9451 
1,47, 2,504,800 
2,800] 1,164 720 
2,800] 1,144,095 
1,500] 785,470 
ns 769,973 
591} 469,720 
599} 462,630 
| 
550; 842, 165| 
550/ 854,470 
490} 389,664 
400] 385,674 
1,309} 473,932 
1,300 484,465 
: 
1,190! 911,835 
1,220] 897,030 
1,100 442,607! 
1,100] 450,698 
674; 477,087 
674| 468,172 
2,500] 1,280,606 
2,500 1,375,170 
9, 400| 1,013,270! 
2,400} 1,031,440 
500] 527,725 
500] 534,350 
3, 800| 811,620 
3,800] 828,658 
3,000] 998,425 
3,000] 1,004,210 
1,039| 1,335,962 
1,000} 1,338,031 
552 1,106,200! 
552\ 1,076,465 
37a 885,595 
74 888,710 
1,210] 1,018,645 
1,215} 1,011,070 


24 


Assessed value. 


| Personal 


property. | 


$ 


27,800 
25,750 


52,100 
55,000 


43,500 
32,450 
! 


169,700 
172,350 


200,550} 
198 500 


146,175 
150,825 


een 
32 900] 


16,9751 
16,075 


89,350 
76,550 


26, 950| 
25,850 


12,900 
| 
"58,550. 
57,200 


13,150 
16,150 


135,500 
136,325 


102,200 
85,200 


28,760 
29,260 


Taxable 
income, 


$ 
3,500 
2,550 


12,300 
12,600 


4,650 
5,100 


38,900 
36,800 


64,100 
64,600 


23,1100 
23, 350 


| 
13,300 
13,900 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—OContinued. 


Total. 


402,540 
392,220 


614,925 
614 005 


405,210, 
373,810 


2,636,291] 
2,676,215 


2,824,595; 
2,767,900 


1,333, 805| 
1,318,270 


829,920 
816,773 


487, 295 
480,705 


958,665) 
954,820 


495,564 
417,424 


489,282 
512,965 


992,285 
977,180 


456,307 
467,398 


518,762 
511,247 


1,281,006 
1,375,170 


1,086,820 
1,108,940: 


| 
583,650 
587,875| 


877,370 
898, 258 


1,109,629, 
1,128,870 


1,533,642 
1,542,316 


1,222,050 
1,177,665 


941,455 
944,170 


1,056, 295 
1,050,270, 


19,501 


A. 1896 


Total. 


$ 


8,111 
8,307 


13,528 
13,628 


9,761 
9,770 


43,850 
39, 889 


4,263 
47,216 

| 
19,103 
17,359 


16,548 
16,337 


9,384! 
8, “a 


19,504 
19,159 


6 383 
6,620 


11,336 
9 506 


19,679 
19,645 


9,817 
8,824 


12,685 
12,392 


21,003 
20,046 


98,689 
24,107 


11,820 
13,183, 


22,624 
21,087 


20,563! 
20,232 


31,520 
26,901 


18.935, 
18,038} 


95, 8%5| 
24,713 


21,323 


Taxes imposed 
for all purposes. 


Per 
head. 


$ «. 


4 49 
5 02 


5 54 
5 59 


4 92 
4 96 


5 64 
5 27 


6 64 
6 54 


5 92 
5 62 


4 47 
4 54 


7 18 
7 40 


6 55 
6 30 


6 49 


Om w 
oc mn 


ee 


CO On OND ONT OO OOD ONS OT TE 


me OOO SIS 
forge) 


SOS Sa Sa BK RE 2A ES 


lor) 


8 


5 89 
5 46 


8 


59 Victoria. 
? 


Other towns. 


Cornwall : 
(Stormont Co.) 


Arnprior : 
(Renfrew Co.) 


Pembroke: 
(Renfrew Co.) 


Renfrew: 
(Renfrew Co.) 


Almonte: 
(Lanark Co.) 


Carleton Place: 
(Lanark Uo.) 


Smith’s Falls: 
(Lanark Co,) 


Lindsay : 
(Victoria Co,) 


Deseronto: 
(Hastings Co.) 


Bracebridge : 
(Muskoka) 


Gravenhurst : 
(Muskoka) 


Parry Sound: 
(Parry Sound) 


Mattawa: 
(Nipissing) 


North Bay : 
(Nipissing) 

Suibury : 
(Nipissing) 


‘Gore Bay : 
(Manitoulin) 


Little Current : 
(Manitoulin) 


Sault Ste. Marie: 


(Algoma) 


Thessalon : 
(Algoma) 


Fort William : 
(Thunder Bay) 


Port Arthur : 
(Thunder Bay) 


Rat Portage : 
(Rainy River) 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION,.—Continued. 


| 
| 
ae 


1895) 
1894 


1895 
1894 


1895 
1894 


1895 
1894 


f 1895, 
| 1894 


| 
(1895, 
1804 


(1895 
(1894 


1895 
1894 | 


1895 
| 1894 


1895 
1894 


1895 
1894 
{ 1895 
1894 


1895 
1894 


1895 
ait 


1895 
1894 


1895 
1394| 


1895 
1894 


eee 
1894 


1895 
1894 


1895 
1894 


(ise 


f 1895 
\ ee 


cee Wan 


No. of | 
No. of acres 
rate- assess” Real 
payors | ed, pee 
anes | 
1,511] 740; 1,521,980) 
1,668 740 1,385,689 
800} 923] 594,345 
866] 943] 582,940 
929, 587] 986,500 
9011 586] — 953,850 
| 
790, 2,177, 622,165 
684! 2.177, 580,930 
795| 700, 719,289 
802} 700 722,399 
1,184} 550| 749,535 
1,149 550} 737,050 
1,188} 900) 966,805 
1,127' 900] 954,360] 
ea 1,550 1 502,170 
1,825, 1,550| 1,504,234 
732, 533) . 652,735 
729 533] 664,140 
578| 524} 242,841! 
533| 590| 222 690! 
531| 481] 257,995 
483 564} 242. 295 
616 805 307,070 
487 805} 289,924 
441 500! 216,121 
355| 500! 187,962, 
| 
698| 500 413,840 
620] 500; —305,010| 
407| 2,479} 249,702 
461| 2606} 202,674 
197), 00817 87,175 
139] 1,085] 73,775 
152/ 400) —- 75,000 
169 400, 83,725 
994] 2,100} 911,954 
726| 2100 881,164 
150| 728; 101,460 
150; 728) 97,000 
673) 7,000 845,016 
1,108| 7,000) 875,933 
| 
831) 12,500) 1,247,175] . 
814 12,500] 1,391,670! 
| 
1,131} 5,760] 897,471 
816,295 


25 


Assessed value. 


g | 


! 
| 


51,450) 
sone 


58,050, 
62,750, 


133,675] 
121,250) 
61,250) 
57,500 


91,750 
94,320 


60,450, 
63,950 
53,200 
a 


329,715 
353,396) 


37,100 
27, oe 
37,625, 
ane 


8,755 
17,400 
a 


60,900, 
58,430 


12,650 
5,800 


55,000 
67,150 


13,600 
32,000 


10,000 
8,725 


32,800 
49,000 


20,70C 
18,000 


31,200 
ne 


91,800 
112,400 


120,625 
119,350 


ala yee 


income. 


26,700 
21,000 


8,100) 


9,400 


25,750 
27,300 


1,300 
1,800; 


| 
8.750 
8,450) 


8.100 
8,050 


4,500 
4,500] 
39,450 
38,950 


6,800 
1,500 


eevee esvne 


es 


eer eronete 


35,400 
39,300 


1,000 
aed 


—_—. 


| Personal | Taxable | 
property. 


Total. 


$ 
1,600,130 
1,455,389 


660,495 
655,090 


1,145,925 
1,102,400 


684,715 
640, > 


819,789 
825,169 


818,085 
829,050 


1,024,505 
1,014,860 


1,871,335 
1,896,580 


696,635 
693,315 


25,810 
260,690 
| 


266, 760| 
244,525 


327,370 
312,924 


280,721 
247,462 


426,490 
313,910 


305,502 
271,724 


100,775 
105,775 


85,000 
92,450 


958,154 
932,964 


122,160 
115,000 


887,766 
912, y 


1,374,375 
1,543,370 


1,019,096 
eae 


Tota 


A. 1896 


Taxes imposed 
for all purposes. 


Per 
head. 


$ $ c. 
34,116] 5 63 
30,994; 5 15 


15,158; 4 08 
14,525| 4 10 


5 61 
5 42 


16,932] 5 82 
oy 5 45 


26,033 
24, 289 


14.765| 5 02 
16,788; 5 78 


16 517 3 83 
16,336] 3 80 


25, 255 
20,297 


5 95 
4 81 


47,954) 7 05 
46,882| 6 97 


16,023} 5 41 
15,946] 4 33 


71683 4 55 


7,168) 4 06 


| 
9,460| 5 07 
8,569| 4 67 


9,618 5 19 
7,440| 4 16 


6,892) 3 88 
4,949| 2 78 


10,656] 4 92 
10,239| 4 84 


10,057| 7 14 
6,493] 4 58 


2,443] 4 70 
3,155| 8 79 


2,257| 4 18 
1,560] 2 28 


19,428) 7 79 
21,534| 10 11 


2,496] 3 93 
2,235| 3 60 


22,505] 11 16 
19,695) 9 43 


35,631] 11 86 
38,215] 13 38 


19,901} 6 70 
rae 4 98 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION. 


A, 1896 


TasrtreTII. Summary statement by counties (being the total of townships, cities, towns and villages 
within limits of county) of items from assessment and collection rolls as given in Table I. 


Counties. 


Ce Cc 


ee ee we eee eee 


eee eee oes ees ee 


ee ry 


e+ee eeceeevees 


Ce 


se ee ee wo woe ee oe 


eeoeeoerPeooe me. 


ee 


ee ee ee esreeceoe 


eee . eee eee ee 


see ee r> ec eoeeeoee 


eee ee ecco eee ese 


cose ee ese er aeee 


coe eo Cw ereoeecen 


eeoeree ose seseve 


eee en roe srereen 


see ber eee er sees 


ee ee eee eee we see 


Cose ew +e ee ee oe 


ee ee eeeereces 


er ee eee ee esses 


eos eeeoee se ese ee 


eves e sess esoes 


ee eee eee eo eee - 


sees eee eo ebooee 


sees eeee- eres 


eee er oe ee eo eee 


cee eo meee eee eee 


coe ee ee eee veer 


seeer oe 


eoee eee ee ev ote 


eoesevee es cease 


eee eee e see eees 


eoerece ec wee ee eee 


ee er 


CC i 


eee eee wee eee ee 


e200 se eee eens 


eee ee eeeeseoeee 


eee eee eoeeeeee 


soeeerereceo teense 


"@@ s+ eeeesrseonse 


No. of 
rate- 
payers. 


No. of 
acres. | Real 


property. 


{ 
437,946} 
436,950 
437,539 
436,673 
433,500 
437,366 
437,044 
488,070 
437,740 
437,018 


572,835 
571,003 
572,909 
574,256 
574,299 
570,556 
577,473 
569,200 
569,200! 
574,489 


441,098 
441,116 
440,320 
441,571 
440,784 
441,548 
439, 987 
444, 499 
439, 883 
443,001 


398,693| 
398,351 
399,096 
396,786! 
394,204 
399, 327 
398,237 
396,740 
400,729 
sen 


283,329 
282,949 
283, 282 
282,600 
282,869 
282, 864 
283,787 
284,127 
282,965 
283,300 


$ 


19,261,386 
18,927,776 
18,958,920 
18,516,310 
18,140,862 
16,643,476 
14,927,965 
12,526,581 
11,820,454 
11,272,440 


23,125,231 
23,218,515 
23,301,499 
23,274,733 
23,297,095 
23,040,708 
22,751,162 
22,769, 909 
29,513,728 
22,615,913 


17,418,394 
17,352, 239 
17,235,498 
17,096,054 
17,034,080 
16,985,078 
16,900, 138 
16,959,166 
16,783,153 
17,015,804 


10,076,751 
10,071,655 
10,052, 822 
10,119, 207 
9,992,581 
9,995,387 
9,952,729 
9,907,397 
9,820,265 
9,956,559 


8,043,465 
8,055,924 
8,161,365 
8,153,846 
8,177,045 
8,082,628 
8,263, 964 
7,891,726 
7,938,913 
7,899,804| 


Assessed values. 


Personal | Taxable 
property. 


547,407 
524,509 


364,850 
358, 260 
349,275 
374,815 
365,300 
371,650 
408,270 

1,230,076 

1,275,948 

1,350,783 


435,440 
475,090 
437,650 
406,590 
393,925 
391,610 
390,705 

1,082,180 

1,088,950 

1,198,828 


174,680 
180,955 
192,265 
210,402 
264,032 
244,690 
251,780 
710,818 
728,345 
757,202 


151,915 
155,490 
159,800 
165,225 
182,745 
179,721 
212,173 
659,938! 
655,701| 
669,833 


26 


income, 


108,225 
97,120 
95,766 

131,140 

135,333 

141,560 
93,335 
78,556 

119,680 

134,280 


256,896 
268,260, 
263,941 
212,888 
215,215 
208,230 
204, 885 
209,945] 
231,810 
414,500 


54,815 
57,620 
61,540 
68,390 
54,321 
55,014 
61,920 
62,422 
64,265 
50,369 


16,020 
14,750 
16,400 
16,900 
20,200 
20, 250 
21,500 
15,150 
18.575 
12,500 


Total. 


$ 


20,702,670 
20,345,365 
20,366,540 
19,768,153 
19,423,759 
17,230,124 
15,262,462! 
13,206,692 
12,437,121 
11,903,605 


23,598,306 
23, 668, 895 
23,746,540 
23,780, 688 
23,797,728 
93,563,918 
23,262,767 
24,078,541 
23,909, 356 
24,000,976 


18,105,230 
18,095.589 
17,937,089} 
17,715,582 
17,643,220 
17,584,918 
17, 495,728 
18,251,291 
18,103,913 
18,629,132 


10,306,246 
10,310,230 
10,306,627 | 
10,397,999 
10,310,934 
10.£95,091 
10,266,429 
10,680,637 
10,612,975 
10,764,130 


8,618,189 
8,582, 137| 


Taxes imposed for 
all purposes. 


Total. 


i) 


426,006 
411,273 
413,957 
405,352 
357,096 
325,029 
317,077, 
301,728) 
268,406, 
260,675 


356,099! 
879,345, 
378,908 
379,044 
380,726 
359,516 
341,705 
340,911 
333,157 
297,108 


253,981 
267,470 
263,179 
249,210 
231,548 
234,239 
237,645 
215,952 
213,598 
222,789 


119,758 
120,804 
122,946, 
121,139, 
114,260. 
112,660) 
106,748, 
111 ‘tg 


99, 408 
99,039 


83,871 
86,824 
$3,286 
84,366 
88,284 
89,014 
86,520 
86,022 | 


94,642 
85,666) 


| Per head. 


Wr PR PhP PL SP WWWWWWRR RR OULOUTOW OL Or GUS G3 Oo GD AAIRWAONNNIAS AMIAAAANININDS HK 


| Mills on 8. 


fe) 


ea a a ee ee ee ere er er er ey NNN SS why 


SH HAS VAIO R a Rm NOWRATATAAT HENSHnSdSd. 
+ OAVMDORAWNIS 


DAP OHSHSOID| 


NWNeWONNANW BPNONDOANWH OBO AODrwwowoornd 


ORNATE ONTIN CWONNDOOWA — 


Say Saas 


SD WWDADONWWH 


Of BOWNSOHSNDOM 


SOOWDNAHOSN WRRROHIOND SCOBWAWHHNDS ROWYWOOSOU 


CO el 
Ce ell cee ool eel let 


59 Victoria. 


Counties, 


Peg re guess. |y Tr ey wee 


i 


WELLAND: 


LAMBTON : 


eeeere 


ee. re eee 


mes 3/100) 6) eto) ee, 


«ee 6 0) © oe 


Cy CAR hak a re 


lm) © nee re: 0)» 


ypesvercoe 


a 


TOD i Sey ie then: 


1894 
1893 
1892 


1899 


1889¢,, =) 


ee eee 
a Oe 


sce ee 


189A. UR: 


0) = yeh 0) a 


are ok Wk 


Pe 86 es @ 


a es 


defor pian pe Fra 


1887 
1886 
Horon: 


SIMCOE: 


ESO. oe. 


seeee 


ya 9) wh ie 


es eee 


se ere 


co5eee 


eee ee 


sees 


eee eserves 


a re ey 


a 


see estes 


eee seer 


ee 


eee e sees 


oa whe @ eke 


ee 


ee 


PAC One ONC ICC at 


CHE Fer 


Sealey 0 ebm 


Tia Oo) apie oy ole 


eer erenee 


Sale mal ol 9) \e: 


=. 


Sie, we 76 


oe ee ee 


-eeeneceoree 


eee ee 


cy 


ar ee a 


cor eeeen 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Oontinued. 


No. of 
rate- 


payers. 


14,993] 


17870 
17,504 
17,506| 
17.504. 
17,302 


17,174), 


17/286 
16,895 
17,132 
17,037| 


16,776 
16,783 
16,144 
15,970} 
16,058 | 
15,272 
14,785 
15,861 
15,740 
15,437 


20,406 
20,028 
19 502 
19,237 
19, 165' 
18 554, 
18,518 
17.829} 
17,798; 
17,357 


23,224 
22,627 
21,895 
21,610, 
21,145! 
20,749) 
20,323! 
19,586 
19,304 
18,863 


No. of 


acres. 


231,905 
232,756 
232,679 
232,158 
231,380 
231,075 
232,901 
231,705 
232,184 
231,391 


670,023 
671.129 
670,749 
671,564 
671,024 
669,560 
671,095 
669,179 
677,182 
669,049 


806,095 
807.069 
807,101 
805,937 
802,412 
806,122 
806,788 
806,624 
805,936 
805,733 


863,292 
853,131 
848,071 
845,009 
826,294 
826,107 
819,245 
821,192 
831,914 
827,147 


1,073,427 
1,072,360 
1,073,476 
1,072,524 
1,069,014 
1,069,857 
1,069,756 
1,067,493 
1,066,904 
1,071,991 


982,483 
978.467 
978,502 
977,948 
976,595 
968,837 
979,808 


967,873 
980,335 
965,134: 


Real 
property. 


od 


$ 

10,976,398 
11,038,710 
10,524,888 
10,239,981 
10,246,617! 
10,126,036] 
10, 149, 142! 

9,976, 283! 

9,881,118 


751,005 


18,861, 182 
19,138,389 
19,190,109 
19,077.795 
19,214,056 
19,135,021 
19,398,418 
18,641,035 
18,611,740. 
18,328,891 


30,005,258 
30,018,932! 
30,198,007 
30.333,791 
30,383,338 
30,501,826 
30,721,008 
30, 465,823 
30,219,105 
29,826,895) 


20,808,825 
20,826,471 
20,903.023 
21,091,689 
21,228,073 
21,375,234 
21,571,609 
20,689,436 
20,006,659 
20,223,189 


19,913,461 | 
19,871,037 
19,883,114 
20,168,668 
20,267,490 
20 165,003 
20.361,060 
19,361,819 
19,264,531! 
18,199,421 


19,839,282 
20,074,562 
18,451,170 
18,518,173 
18,321,330! 
18,326,233 
17,765,050 
17,619,253 
17,466,377 
16,938,393 


ys 


Assessed values. 


Personal | Taxable 


property. | income. 


$ 
405,665, 
393 497 
366,154 
361,147 
398.730 
393,830 
451,023 
826.312 
803,072 
826,303! 


353,227 
363.610 
397,105 
372,140 
389,746 
432,150 
440.572 

1,301,275 

1,202,339 

1,129,938 


426,300 
417.720 
497,785 
440 375 
456,089 
445,395 
454.610 

1,631,536 

1,647,962 

1,665,055 


ssa 
433,010 
443,185 
430,200 
433,235 
435,215 
418,630 
1,530,558 
1,502,939 
1,488,339 


310,932 
297,200 
300,145 
326,830 
330.510! 
340,820 
374,345 

1,259,070 

1,263,537 

1,219,822 


350,450 
374,225 
428, 185) 
427.100! 
405,915! 
425,645) 
474.670) 
909.869 
953, 221 
955,493. 


$ 
66,050 
77,266 
81,467 
73,151| 
rts 


71,780 
68.830 
85,230 
98,425 

115,358 
) 


182,310) 
192.688 
211,584 
229,020 


73,370 

81,970 

91,600 
131,420 
137, 880} 
110,085 
111,985 
105,950 
120,795 
114,350 


50,450 
53,750 
54,675 
83,225. 
71,975. 
65,670 
68,910 
64,110 
72,515 
70.065 


67,690, 
47,600 
42.565! 
79,025! 
82,009 
71,660 
70,660 
57.810! 
64 210 
BPO, 
103,209. 
100,300 
96,600. 
145,310 
147.100 
135,550, 
143,634! 
89.750 
102,450 
104,700 


Total. 


al 
11,448,113 
11,509,473 
10 972.509 
10 674,279 
10,717,337 
10 591,616 
10,663,995 
10,837,825 
10,782,615 
10,693,216 


19,396,719 
19,694,687 
19,793,798 
19,678,955 
19,7 3,000 


19,693,090 
19,961,164 
20,073,778 
19,949,789 
19,592,421 


30,504,928 
30,518,622 
30,717,392 
30,905,586 
30,977,303 
31,057,306 
31,287,601 
32, 203,309 
81,987,862 
31,606,300] 


21,293, 805 
91,313,231 
21,400,883 
21,605,114 
21,733,273 
21,876,119 
22,059,149 
92,284,104 
91,582,113) 
21,781,593 


20,292. 083 
20 215.837 
20,225,824 
20.574,523 
2), 680,000 
20,577,483 
20 806,065 
20,678,699 
20,592,278 
ees 
20,292,932 
20,549,087 
18,975,955 
19,090,583 
18,874,345 
18. 887,428 
18,383,354 
18,618,872 
18,522,048 
17,998,586 


Taxes imposed for 


all purposes. 


$ 
153,680) 
147,992 
143,476, 
137,113| 
133,562! 


135, 259) 


127,082 
128,808 
134 028 
112,779 


330,162 
341,371 
312.366 
339,606! 
322.812 
309,119 
311,919 
305,800 
983, 405 
280,063 


272,884 
271,744 
270,686 
267,348 
260,966 
264,922 
258,165 
263,037 
274.201 
281,632 


214,665 
299,943 
238,777 | 
230 653 
220,072 
210, 362 
936,437 
231,707 
230,530 
228,185 


260,659 
271,012 
254,871 
261,816 
256,121 
255,631 
252, 356 
258, 367 

» 244 447 
cx 


313,293 
310,834 
313,679 
313,076 
313,896 
308,594 
299,174 


292,269 
297,655 


295, a) 


$ c. 


5 2 4 


or 

(=) 

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et 


Be 


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Je) 
jt 
bo bo tO Ww Ow 


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Se 
—_ 


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i 


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oo 
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—_ 
we OLOTOUD NI 


be Ee [o ohio hoa korg? 2) 
DP COONBDSS 
fat ek pe 


He a-1100o 
HO BNR OLOLD 
Pek pd pt et et 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


1895 


see eee ee ee eee 


coer eee eee rh ees 


Ce ey 
see ce eee eo tor 


seco ere nes tae 
CC 
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OC eS 


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ee 


ey 


© 9 0 © See © 0 © 6 0 be 


ee ee sorcerer ee ee 


© Jes) et bre 6.15 foe, 9:6 


SC i ri ees 


iis Vw Rp; 0) fale (ener ielelo”.y. by 


i ee rey 


Seer ener e+ ceee 


-~eee +e se ee wwe 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


26,593 
27.288 
26.708 
27,706 
27,030 
27,546 
27,058 


15,417 
15, 200 
14,768 
15,120) 
14,641 
14,632 
14,286) 
13,586 
13,347 
ee 


9,198 
8,991 
siael 
8,735 
8 ,912| 
8,436) 
8, ,471| 
8,203| 
8,125 
7,792 


12,930 
14,051 
14,158 
14,098 
14,527 
13,647 
13,167 
12,880 
12,551 
12,089 


16,609 
16,150) 
16,209 
16,050 
15,981 
15,514 
15,972) 
15,683 
15,334 
15,392 


12,510 
12,466 
12,180 
12,227 
12,440 
11,933 
11,799 
11,808 
11,542 
11,061 


No. of 


acres, 


767,075) 
767,655 
766,911 
766,777) 
767,557 
765.942 
766,135 
766, 205| 
766,925 
767,116 


479,488 
479 692 
479,111 
479,715 
478,753! 
478, 383 | 
479, 497 
478,058, 
478 517 | 
478,768 


219,101 
219,545 
219,080 
219.173! 
218,775 
218, 507 
217,873 
218, 468 
219,630 
218,172 


527,318 
527,063 
526.742 
526,574 
524.329 
526,487 
526,723 
526,847 
526,388 
526,288 


638,736) 
637.588 
637,212 
637,697 
637,580 
638,107| 
637,336, 
637,672| 
637,822, 
637,942! 


316,741 
316,986 
317,732 
317,406 
317°399| 
316524 | 
316,012| 
31h, i 


313,656 
316,131 


Real 
property. 


$ 
38,664,139} 
38,487,988 
38,404,350 
38,292,365 
38,238 961 
38,139,819 
37,819,281 
36,217,174 
35,499,887 


34,700,180] 


23,994,615 
24 000,853 
23, 989, 630 
23,911,330 
23,832,034 
23,836,610 
93,639,836 
23,329,891 
23,150,504 
22,871,104 


15,864,492 
15,886,929 
15,893.296 
15,817,794 
15,682,523 
15,036,842 
14,800,382 
14,373,455 
14,127,356 
13,840,023! 


24,652,947 
24,479,824) 
24 504,434 
24,721,162 
24,782, 664 
24,718,116 
24,442,728) 
23. 958,356 
22,769,303 
22, 528,471 


22,437, hie 
22,381,152 
92,265,184 
21,629,631 
21,538,475 
21,716,413 
21,149,228 
90,559,346 
20,451,160 
19,730,607 


21,590,069 
21,912,494 
21,903,393 
21,937,086 


21,876, 998' 
18,092, 955 
14,310,705 
12,554,020 
12,303,385 


2 


Assessed 


Personal 
property. 


$ | 
WE 


1,639,895 
1,674,084] 8 
721,994 
1,654°595 
1,781,760 
1.739.470 
2,307,415 
9,315,925) 
2 252) 250! 


361,765 
358.475. 
356,000 
308,675 
310,966 
323, 100] 
343, 435 
1,550,973 
1,598 455 
1,561,735 


930,304 
1,062,910 
1,090,620 
1,115,223 
1,090,361 
1,019,104 

934 596 
1,750,605 
1,708, 646 
1,680,931 


353,650 
354,970 
359,475 
302,368 
333, 955 
337,700 
356,375 
1,040,675 
1,154,046 
999,567 


698,165 
670,305 
682,955 
693, 435 
695,395 
720,040 
671,291 
1,680,373 
1,749,127 
1,593,985 


725,565 
745,725 
734,575 
743, 655) 
767, 395 
782. a5] 


746,655 
1,436, 125 
1,284, 468 
1,255,435 


8 


values. 


Taxable | 
income, 


$ 
877,701 
805,260 
807,279! 
1,002, 850! 
"998, 395 
973,014 
995,435) 
1,015,334 
1,022,660 
1,163,496 


117,330, 
114, 010° 
119. ,955 | 
148,262, 
120,270, 
108, 235. 
110, "935 
128, "160 


125,160 
115,370 | 


155,876 
163,540 
161,504 
222 355 
233,945 
311,580 
210,126 
219,000 
198,435 
173,220 


120,650 
130,885 
131.975 
170,655 
174,425 
177,325 
163,700 
168,610| 
150,396 | 

99,521 


142,810 
139, 460, 
146,305| 
172, ) 


170,360 
127,790 
141,912 
147,453 
166,516! 
152,641 | 


154,399| 
156,554 
164 964 
198, 459 
200,626 
191,981 
178,386 
177,480 
174,641 
182,756 


Total. 


41, ae 140 
40,933,143 
40,885,713 
41,016,439 
40,891,881 
40,894,593 
40,554,186 
39,539,923 
38,837,772 
38,115,926 


24,473,710 
24,473, 338 
24, 465, 585 
24,368,267 | 
24. 313,270 
24,267,945 
24,093,506. 
25,004,539. 
24 874,119 


| 
ee 


| 


24, 548, 209° 


16,950,672 
17,113,389 
17,145,420 
17,155,377 
17,006,829 
16,367,526 
15,945,104 
16,343 060! 
16,034,437 
15,694,174 


25,127,247 


24,965,679) 


24,995,184 
25,194, 185 
25,291,054 
25,233,141 
24,962, 803 
25,167,641 
24,073,745 
23,627,559 


23 278,021 
23,190,917 


23,094,444 


| 


| 


22,496,026 
22, 404,230 
22,564,243 


21,962,431 


22,387,172 
22, 366,803 
21,477,233 


22,470,033 


22,814,773 
22, 802, 932 
22,879, 200 


22,986, 797 


22,850,989 
19,017,996 


15,924,310 
14,013,129 
13,741,576 


A. 1886 


Taxes imposed for 
all purposes, 


ro & 
Ae air 
Total, 7% a 
Co) rie 
ale 

$ c. 
ie 504! 7 03/15. 
595,603! 6 80/14. 
607,305) 6 9014. 
624,029) 7 11/15 
586,324] 6 68/14. 
628,518] 7 16.15. 
581,707| 6 60/14. 
598,518| 6 79/15. 
567,264| 6 45/14. 
558,555] 6 28/14. 
247,431] 5 35)10 
256,536] 5 54/10 
262,066] 5 61/10 
260,425) 5 51/10. 
245,899| 5 2410. 
237,508] 5 00| 9. 
230,167| 4 88] 9. 
229,514] 4 95! 9. 
217,425| 4 74] 8. 
216,297| 4 83] 8 
205,553, 6 02/12 
212,567; 6 87|12 
209,344} 6 34/12 
205,119; 6 26/12 
189,161) 5 53/11 
189,177] 5 73/11. 
170,875] 5 18/10. 
164,611! 5 13/10 
157,972] 4 84! 9 
149,938] 4 61] 9. 
281,874] 5 75/11 
282,463] 5 79/11 


285,709] 5 93/11. 
279,113] 5 81|11. 
281,161] 5 81]11. 
277,100| 5 58|11. 
282,480 5 74]11, 
261,351| 5 41/10. 
248,695. 5 13/10. 
248,992' 5 O7|1 


289,063 5 
279, 784) 5 
298, 067| 5 
276,260) 5 
279.069] 4 
272,741) 4 
268,672! 4 
279, 110 : 8 
273,993) 4 70 
278,033, 4 71 


228,102) 4 62/1 
224, 553) 4 Pe 
218, ae 
230,175 

210, 856 4 3 
209,378) 4 22 
205, 191} 4 27 
193, 967; 4 08 
186,402, 4 05, 
179,521! 8 98) 


15 
00 


36 
03 
98 
80 
76: 
3 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. : 


6). 


A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Ccntinued. 


Counties. | rate 
payers 
DUFFERIN : 
TRIS tere clo 2 6,448 
i Ros Fy RIN al Soa 6,226! 
TBD See, Ports eo: 6,169 
Toacee eree . S, 6,044 
LOG ee Mech so. k 6,036 
TeOUdar cet ah. os 5,675 
Uso} UR ad aa an 5,626 
Pe ec? V5 Bk 5,429 
LOS pias his ot 5,196 
PSS G CRO dh 5) 5,094 | 
LINCOLN ; | 
TSBs. tee ook, 10,520 
UBT el a Ae era ene 10,071! 
oat ete Cnre hom, a 10,077 
iE UE Me Sele eae ey eaineae 10,114 
d Wats) bale oct ean bot 10,298 
BROOM sae ate | 97832} 
a tel’ bee aye ta | 9,489 
d OBB eee e Scie ot 9,592! 
TSS iaet ae 9,350 
LSSO%HE Soe keine 9,144 
WENTWORTH : 
TROBE eee ae, 22,697| 
POO E RA tae. oe Ba, 009) 
SOS Re Re ee als sete 21,400 
1892. 21,446 
SG Lear Nae Seer 21,681 
BOD Mek oe te 21,196 
S89 Shire rival a) sa, 20,891 
1 pohetn Meh, apa ae Rie Rae 20,508 
de helf (Bhs Ai a segs eae ea 20,111 
TROON ek ey | 20,288| 
HALTON 
SHO eS chou hei 6,501 
SOE teeta ene fi 6,069 
Poop ey hyde ty 6,011! 
SOL eR teen, tees, bey 6,200 
HOOT Gein 2 5,807 
SRO ees otc ct | 5,689 
LOGON Yoeie teek he | 5,939 
CP goo ak a Sai | 5,427 
Iholey poate tet ea | 5,486 
Roe aeonpnen poe 5,551! 
PEEL: | 
ASOB We ple ele: | 7,649 
TSOA oe io |. | 047,736 
1893. ahh 7,410 
Pee A oc pk 3 gee Oe | 7,228 
1 OTN, tee ako he 7,241 
(SCA aeney eae 6,981 
SSS Yee cae. eee 7,157 
HOSSeewee roe. 6,879 
i etal Ait teats Oe ea oa | 7,299 
(CT RNCY 5a era | 7,293 
YorK: 
TROD eck oe oe A 79,862 
Tod Te ete ls, | 77,647 
TROAM etn wines 78,798 
TRO bok eter eh | 78,464 
OG TY cio, Mee Ie 76,182 
ESE NPS Abc SARA Vale os 66,912! 
LB Oost er tecen ee | 61,603 
NSSSe tse toa 59,861 
PART yee nse cs | 55, 940 
ASRS E ee. sue 52,048! 


acres, | 


357, 661 
358,772 
358, 418 
359,085 
358,060 
256,871 
355,881 
358,459 
359,996 
357,669 


196,970 
197,319 
196,847 
196,521 
196.291 
196,993 
196,102 
196,271 
196,665 
196,072 


975,869 
275,338 
275,337 
275,280 
276,824 
277.006 
276, 258 
276, 845 
276,046 
275,657 


228,350 
298,592 
297,854 
227,992 
227,458 
rye 4 AE 
228,073 
227,045 
228,098 
226,588 


290,505 
290,653 
290,420 
290,557 
290,133 
990,433 
289895 
290,347 
290,899 
290,565 


555,013 
556, 440 
555,650 
555,528 
553,749 
553,933 
553,902 
556.031 
553,104 
553,475 


29 


Assessed values, 


Taxes imposed for 
all purposes. 


Total, 


g 
92,193| 
94,462 
96,790 
95,114 
90,326 
96,070] 
95,377 
90,983 
88,035] 
87,403 | 


190,612 
179,034 
193,822 
163,896 
172,859 
173,448 
188,237 
183,873 
176,045 
177,937 


599,983 
585,207 
606,949 
515,363 
540,046 
516,637 
508,594 | 
484,535. 
477,500 
469, 177 


77,468 
76,009 
78,677 
82,308) 
88,019 
89,616 
88, 229 
86,845 
90,483 
86,131 


90,324 
92 025 
96,679 
92.674 
96,036 
89,868 
90,131 
98,365 

100,011 
96,641 


PPP WEP RRR PPP EPP hw WW 


AAADAaNINWNN AAD SD O'S OU. HD | PPL PL LL PHP LE 


178,761,164) 3,439,026 14 


183,850,819) 3,496,340 15 


Real Personal | Taxable 

property. | property. | income. Total. 

8 $ $ $ 
6,901,556 58,100} 19,500, 6; 979,156 
6,892,518 58,260} 20,100! 6,970,878 
6,911,173 67,000! 19.600] 6,997.773 
7,148,248 69,775| 20,300] 7,238,323 
7, 156,943 80,650, 17,750) 7,255,343 
5,859,080 61,025] 18,900] 5,939,005 
5,601,477! 78,750] +~—«17,150| +5. 700,377 
5,354,279 290,950} 18,050 5,663,279) 
a4. 331,700] 23,070} 5,695,797] 
5,110,235] 285,800) 16,200) 5,412,235 
11,544,947] 702,998} 68,276] 12,316,221 
11,567,733| 698,313! 82,921! 19,348,967 
11,539,889] 702,108} 96,510! 121898 507 
11,849,731] 750.635] 133,148 12,733,514 
11,660,214) 782,513} 188,162 eae 
11,649,014 7.723 131,768, 12.535,505 
11,616,949] 808,082] 138,076; 12,563,107] 
11,546,120] 1,173,509] 130,070! 12,849,699) 
11,509,317] 1,212111/ 152.1011 127864,529 
9,577, 732 a Ea 123,196] 10,678,232 
34,837,726] 2,924,930] 754,295] 38,516,951 
34,391,506| 2,963,530} 771,175] 38,126.211 
34,461,421| 3,011,560} 827,910} 38,300,891 
33,020,584) 3,263,230] 1,017,715] 37,301,529 
32,428,309] 3,391,130] 980,635) 36,800,074 
81,176,506} 3,613,525} 789,260, 35,579.301 
29,548,126] 3,809,770} 754,810 34,112,706 
29,432,374] 4,506,610) 699,810) 34 638,794 
28,129,939] 4,368,425} 868,570 33,366,934 
27,726,343| 4,316,609] 846,470] 32,889,422 
9,257,095] 162,605] 41,460! 9,461,160 
9,279,072]  176,544| 30,240! 9, 485.856 
9,273,932| 194,035} 33,012] 9,500,979 
9,422,877| 145,493] 40,506] 9,608,876) 
9,354,265} 154,890] 47,075! 9,556,280 
9,295,472} 154,290] 34,420] 9,484,189) 
9,269,925] 166,190; 33.355] 9.469.470 
8,973,305! 676.0941 * 35,688] 9.685.087 
8,847,231| 731,833]  24,474| 9,603,538 
8,675,347| 738,475} 21,543| 9,435,365 
10,541,345} 108,850} 27.700] 10.672,895 
10,562,560] 105,675} 32,150! 10,700,385 
10,669,355! 106,445; 33,920] 10,809,720) 
10,672,410] 133.045] 43,670] 10,849,195 
10,602,880} 143,670} 47,795] 10,794,345 
10,533,173] 146,695] 25,025] 10,704,893! 
10,496,489] 150,175! 25,200! 10.671.864 
10,201,960' 661,773] 20,800] 10.884,533 
10,174,390] 643,265] 26,404) 10,844,059 
10,128,992} 658,160 31,600 10,818,752 
165,518,434! 8,507,986] 4,734,764! 
170,554,418] 8,540,581] 4,755,820 
172,245,014] 8,684,290] 4,705,618) 185.634.9292! 
171,626,988] 9,598,810! 5,903,168' 187,123,966 
168,041,454| 9,997,410 5,467,692] 183.506.556 
157,004,220! 9,524,723 5,277,033! 171,805,976 
132,254,825| 9,127 640 4.855.417 
115,382,019} 10,286.396 4,911 852! 130,580,967 
98,961,489} 9.844.969] 5 328,185] 114,134.643 
88,431,504! 8,726,744] 4,388,325] 101,546,573 


1,733 a 


1,540,014 


3,688,811 16 
3,159,524 13 
3,350,056 14 
2,653,686 11 
146,237,882) 2,181,903 10 
1.952.575 10 03|15.0 


| Per head. 


ORPMO 


OS GNI 00 00 00 


O'S G2 00 SO ee OO CS CO 


ee 
Oo 


15 
14. 
15. 


“1 CO bo Or RS ee 
ee 
for) 


SyoTe 


SEN) 


wry 


015. 
715. 


lore) 


m BDO 
Et et 
i > He 


—_ 
co 


27 
19 


68 19. 
06,19. 
41/19. 
94.16. 
80l18. 
97|15. 
9114. 


COOMMWMDDAMOH BOOwWowoowmwowm eH . WW we Ore Got S 2 EN HH? 2 bo 9 G9 GOS 
mwWOOON CNOKRPR OOO DHD Or PROWFRNWDWOLY Wwow TIN ow oa BANWODBONONTO HORNY RH ODN 


; | Mills on §. 


9 


9 50|15.2 
8 80]15.2 


59 Victoria. Sessicnal Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION .—Continued. 


Taxes imposed for 


| Assessed values. all purposes. 


Counties. rate acres Real Personal | Taxable | & 8 
| iets property. | property. | income. Total. | Total. ey = 
| | oa Pe 
ONTARIO : | $ $ % § g gc. 
TOO teers RRP dele 14 500} 508.226] 17,914,528 391,135 65,125} 18,370,788; 186,061' 4 52|10.1 
1894. vi 14,334] 508 547 18 013, 227| 433,355 65.700) 18.512,282! 191,346] 4 69]10.3 
SOSH ee has tits | 14 483] 510,184; 18,195,065, 433,425 76,550! 18.705,040 187,236) 4 58)10.0 
1892 14,256} 511,253) 18,481.497;| 424 960 88,850} 18,995,307! 187,861) 4 51| 9.9 
A SO e wh tates 13,9531 509.797) 18,724 237 419,420 83,490! 19,227,147) 195.392) 4 55)10.2 
SOO Weeebsntach ioc as 13 591) 506,864) 18 833.774 439 915 77.735| 19,351,424| 189,1&6| 4 40) 9.8 
TESO Mee asec eta ats 13,878] 509,123; 18.982 262 437,270 91,620) 19 511,152! 188,202) 4 21] 9.4 
LSS SUN weeetlee ie 13,338] 509 820; 18,819,647] 1,168,934 74 808| 20,063,389; 193,733) 4 49! 9.7 
LSS etopicte aiteseriuais one 13,454 507.178) 18,871,539] 1,196 715 73,830| 20,142,084! 185.783) 4 13) 9.2 
LSBU et eaat ote oks me | aah Eee 1,227,740] 80,285} 20,155,903) 174,427; 3 81} 8.6 
DuRHAM 
AS ODM eyes ichivolstencte ; | 10,130! 376 685| 12 808,287 283,205 96 936} 13,188,498; 126,633| 4 an| 9.6 
SOA Noche chats sh chet | 10,076| 377,058] 12,866,756 294,980} 107,010} 13,268,776: 126,670] 4 27| 9.5 
OO ebe eee Sted tee tions 10,095| 377,233) 12,951,554 300,325] 121.270] 13,376 149] 180.708) 4 33) 9.8 
ho} Wegtteiiett aipalley Sera | Sy aati le yea) 668) 12,977 770 272 355) 122,075) 13,872.200) 132.375] 4 33] 9.9 
LOOM enn ey ele eoe cise 9,877| 3874590, 13 095 560 9288.780| 114620) 13,498,960] 125,367! 4 38]10.0 
SIO De ee eas 9.601; 3875 075 13 265 815 808 785| 116,994| 138.691,594| 140,886] 4 54/10.3 
Tee toh! Fa be gunna Ree RRR 9.975| 374 732 13,227,873 329.705} 119,303! 13,676,881 180,565} 4 11] 9.5 
LSSSiaeer 9,055| 375,175 13,102,150 794,.180| 118,572! 14,014.902| 180.711] 4 05] 9.3 
USS TAs oetcle | 9,126] 375 152] 13,123,985} 839,560 160,694 14 124 239; 1380,567| 3 91| 9.2 
LS8G6 Ao wrde ioe. es 9,061} 376,806; 13,142,491 928 349| 177,039| 14,247,879| 180,879) 3 99) 9.1 
NORTHUMBERLAN) : | | 
LS ODE ays ian ate 12,219| 442,983° 13.242,196| 205,680 62.395) 13,510 271| 152,137| 4 37|11.3 
MODE BANG cic, reer 12.129} 441,496] 13,237,108 279, 880| 59.670| 13,576.658| 150,201) 4 3211.1 
SOS Wet eh wer idhacey we 11.833} 444117| 13,342,130 294 650 67,300| 13,704 0X0} 145,441] 4 1210.6 
i thoes RIV AIy 4 Males me A legate 11,987| 442,393] 138,533,132 305,720 97,920] 13,926,772| 148.345 4 21:10.6 
TSO Way gemen os Lihat | 12 055| + 441,097| 13,483.789 365,400! 103,850} 13.953 039; 150.626 4 18108 
SOO SRE ae inthe ie ave 10 929} 440.938] 13,311,207 261,095 88,050) 13,660,352) 144,741) 4 0210.6 
PLR SO Ue Ma eS hee acc 11,121} 443,763] 13.368 825 273,755 80,705) 18,723,285| 142.986 3 96 10.4 
SSS pte atts ete oes eaten 10.849 439,781! 13,226 842 850.447} 102.000] 14,179,889} 187,015 3 77| 9.7 
i Rated ea dep earns (Hameo 10,973! 489 082) 13,229,243 901.862, 103,525) 14,234,640] 142,166 3 aol 
SSO Rye dle eet 10,616) 439,483 13,105, 809 938,791 106,055, 14,150,655; 144,384, 3 89 10.2 
Princk EDWARD: | | | | 
SOOT Meuse aces 6,551 232,430 6.629, 704 164,232 20,865 6.814.801 68,441 3 88 10.0 
BGA ed ey eee tease 6,446} 233,074 6,636,154 151,495 23,120, 6,810,779 68,614 3 9110.1 
SOS Miva carters se © 2 6,3!1| 231,690 6.461, 883 158 920 31.870 6.852,673 71,131} 4 1910.4 
MSO Zi ease Sennen hohe 6 369| 230,590 6 658,505 166,520 42.015 6 897 040 71,886) 4 27|10.4 
SOT eR vel kon ea 6.349] 232,376 6,685,639) 165 400 37.700 6,888 739 75,117) 4 36/10.9 
SOO eae hs, aici Se ahtut 6,212} 233,733 6,694,445 165,805 11.700 6,871,950! 69.964| 4 0610 2 
SSO ee ua Se 6 213) 233 408 6,715,724 267.293 18,140! 7,001,157 70,668] 4 0910.1 
D petiteleas Apis. cede Fs 6.297| 234,850 6,997,211) 413,240 21 940 7,437,440 67.225 3 8 9.0 
ASST AK ceria eae 6 123| 235,958 7,008 930 413,350 26.350 7.440 630} 67,181. 3 81 9.0 
ESC nee reais ee ; 5.979) 234,748) 6,968,848 413,108! 32,956 7,414,912 16,755; 4 17 10.2 
Lennox & Avb’GTON:| | 
SOD See Priester 8,076) 430.542! 7,710,070 105,040 41,600; 7,856 710} 111,496 6 17|14.2 
LOO A Rea Ne susie 7,897| 486 725 7.725,380 93,725 41,175 7 860,280; 109 825 5 16/14.0 
A SOS Bins moult 7.928 433,958 7,687,371! 90,035 47,875 7,675,281 103,158} 4 91113.4 
SOD Nee tee tece 7.916 435,148 7.591,586 88,626 49,871 7.730 O83] 107,282; 4 7913.9 
PON See a ita 7,803) 427,226 7.634.530) 71,695 44 260 7 750,485) 109.636] 4 7914.1 
MSI tk arte Rete eae 7,485} 42.0, 651 7.602 099 100 507 38 330 7,710 936 98,4°7| 4 4312.7 
ILSSOL Tate eae ga eee 7,499; 418,503 7.760, 966 194 3614 42 275 7.927.605] 102,763) 4 5813.0 
RGR Rh aoa regs 7.632) 412,661 7 895 110 360 945 45.216! & 301,271 98,163| 4 -2)11.9 
LSS Tiree teen ee nc ee 7.552) 411,720) 7.625.353 389 095 49 508) 8,063,956 97,740| 4 25/1201 
TLRS Grae ok eee ae 7,637 s03,77 7,694 8412 395,088 48,816 8,138,746 97,436] 4 13/12.0 
FRONTENAC: | | | | 
a oS Wi ake ky Se 11.322}. 683.370, 11,509 688 911,142! 283,050 12.703 880) 226,919! 5 66/17 9 
VRO>E Tooe SO Ik Oe ee k= 10,975| 675,565 11,402 659} 1:036,520) 297 425 12.836 694! 230,111! 5 74|17.9 
TSO Ai eee, 11 443} 675,494. 11,512.548} 1,043,505} 30x.#78| 12,864 928] 232.667! 6 93/18.1 
LOOT eee Bde 10.859 68' 789 11517,766) 1,085,885] 417,20 13.020,861| 226,574] 5 70117.4 
IDOI Oe 10 8:0’ 676685 11,408,645] 1,094.245) 470190) 12.973 080] 270.286) 5 44117.0 
TROY Sot pace | 10.f28! 680.841] 11,316.517! 1.1'6 868! 473.740, 12,907,125) 222.871 5 43/17.3 
LES 9 Soe Mero ised hres 10 104) 681,117, 11.¢24.245 1,11 639) 423,695 12.565.579| 211,288, & 2°|16.8 
LEGG Mie che anaes 10.026! 665,971) 10663,0°6 1,486,379 485 '99 12,484,674] 190.305 4 8015.1 
S88 fa eo iat &2 11.945} 658.731! 10.274,2976 1,498 560; 476949] 12219776) 184,780| 4 7615.1 
LSS6 Racer cee 12,817! 669,478 10,084,764 1,547,666] 419,350} 12,051,780] 182,669] 4 69,15.1 


30 


59 Victoria. 


wessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


| 


| No. of 
Counties. | rate- 
payers. 
LERDS 
TSO esr osc acs 12,034 
POUL a Marya s ccc ce 11,738 
SOS Seen eee sobs 11,334 
NSO Mater ee tons arcic cts 11.521 
TSO LER MEER: era css «cate 11,399 
Tote LU) aed, 8 eo aN 11,412 
EO ewe e hiya ear 11,335 
POSSI Deh t ck. tte 10,954 
ESS (ieee ey ie eevos ove 10,814 
PBR eet ce 10,732! 
GRENVILLE | 
DBO et eor ss Cis 6,127 
TEA eee eee iieG, 125 
uh’ ecient Ue hee aay Yes 6,126 
TSO? Pete ct eae ae 6,236 
D ott ) Wr same ees Paps eh Fo ae 6,124 
S90 ses eee ee 5,98) 
dete ht Mite 15 ae ee ale | 6,377 
OHS Fae set! Comat 6.092 
S87 ees ek oe | 6,029 
SSG Pee Pe ee date 5,905 
DUNDAS 
A SUD ets ts Soe AN 5,817 
1894.5. De se eee | 5,627 
SOS es cant et pets tek 5,603 
ae Oe eae | 5,548 
1 SO lame ae FR KM Pee \ 5,626 
SOD vps certs tt ee 5,573} 
SRO rity aie relt eek 5,474 
DBRS Rte tye Ake aM 5,257 
USS aah a ni 5, 121 
Tro a ae Oe 4,921 
STORMONT 
ERO MEN fam Soe aes 6,275 
SOA eM oce nara’ sates 6,331 
POOR Or ern es ores 6,329 
ABORENSEL Tze. so Ls 6,246 
Kho ene aie 6: to 
PSO te heed tea te | 6,220 
ASB eee ras, Sete 6,151 
| Bete Wavy Peake by eae es 5,785 
SSIs eo okt ca 5,716 
LSRG CMT. te oe ies 5,666 
GLENGARRY: 
AROS eer OR ue 5,057 
SLUR SY re he ra tn tet Cha 4,891 
USO Seee ede ewlehattet ates 4,834 
SOLA cei a aein ets 4,736 
SOUR ie anmiserce ¢ 4,832 
SOD ver fers. 4,563 
[SSO Reise einetasctctens 4.834 
jhetete? et ee ee Ae 4 539 
AROT 2. Scns Oe 4,538 
GSS Boao eee ess ale te sat 4,613 
PRESCOTT : 
DOs SE ee Tere Petals, ls tose 5,116! 
Ite & eee ee RINE 5,165 
SUSE Geek naw eters ot 5,292 
i105 rae eveteiee chow erete's 5,148! 
A SOs tre hsetara's 5,010 
ROD Petes eerste 5,198 
PR RO Hee send alciate td 4,913 
TSBB I airs lial. 4,796 
URS Tie Cees erie cerene 4,820 
ARSGaee Sete a stews 4,954 


No. of 
acres. 


473,712 
473, 465: 
476,316! 
476, 406! 
48,104: 
472,128 
474,486 
474.026 
471,542 
46), 292 


274,176 
273,786 
975,946 
274,148] 
974,335! 
274 992 
975,316 
275,323 


274,828 
274,671 


239,811 
239 973 
239,331 
241,697 
239, 305 
239,924 
239,066 
239,922! 
239, 2.29 
239, 287 


250,976 
251,735 
251,658 
251,318 
254,262 
952.315 
248 040 
250,794 
248, 499 
248 739! 


289,004 
286 754 
990,935 
228, 494 
989,394 
287,827 
289, 130, 
286.589) 
290.375) 
289,321 


296,061 
295 040 
297,058 
295.065 
294,521 
294.481 
295,055 
293,173 
293,470 
292,977 


dl 


Real 
property. | property. 
$ | $ 
11,411,714: 351,855 
11,480,465 415,565! 
11,600,123, 409,175 
10,481,867! 429,005 
10,492,037] 451,125 
10,417,064] 442,795 
10,226,164} 525,649 
10,107,373} ~ 841,863 
9,873,961| 829,888) 
9,849,973] 789,387 
5,964,048} 105,550 
5,977,412} 102,500 
6,003,747| 105,300 
5,994,217; 103,250} 
5,334,372] 105,205 
5,234,476 81,600 
5,098,775 82,150 
4,966 235| 424,787 
4,771,820 431,325 
4,849,804| 467,454 
7,001,455} 119,800 
7,070,050} 113,450 
7,025,530] 133,225 
7,037,600] 148,825 
6,833,270] 153,409 
6,833,105] 172,320 
6,868,307| 176,850) 
- 6,563,893 510,041 
5,925,438 493,915 
5,816,235} 450,425 
5,088,276 85,750 
4,907,661 78,535 
4,794,280 85,575 
4,764,944 95,620 
4,783,671 85,709 
4,834,473 83,825 
4,797,148 84,340 
4,703,615| 270,80 
4,486,530] 313,706 
4,455,286] 327,963 
\ 
4,108 858 43,875. 
4,106,743 43,460 
4,112,619 50,550! 
4,207,350 50,780 
4,219 906 56,975 
4,222,990 61,003| 
4,248,819] 109,780 
4.122293 315,648] 
3,963,412] 292,169 
4,068, 280 aa 
2,765,486 89.745) 
2,794 496 82,805: 
2,789,136 36.610) 
2,787,030 35.900 
2 786 517 36 440 
2.819.511 57,895 
2,751,505 72.550 
2.740,579| 178.255 
2,712,782] 192,095 
2,838.341| 192,640) 


Assessed values. 


Personal | Taxable 


income. 


82, 462) 


35,075 
36,055 
39,480 
41, 425 
40,150 
41,500 
30,800) 
27,918 
28,468 
82,118 | 


41,510 
45,375 
40, 100! 
43,150 
44,625 
49,300 
52,250 
46.927 
28,025 
29,750 


33,150 
28, 250 
28.080 
32,530 
36,280 
27,350 
34,300 
37,580 
34,680 
43,940] 


2529 


| 


esceee  -2e 


10.700 
12,850 


Total. 


$ | 
11,841,479! 
11,941,840! 
12,049,478 
11,037,350 
11,075,670 
10,996 377 
10,889,503 
11,057,863 
10,802,359} 
10,721,822 


6,104,673 
6,115,967 
6,153,527 
6,13%, 892 
5,479,727 
5,397,676 


5,211,725 
5,418,940 
5.231.613 
5,349,376 


7,162,765 
7,228,875 
7,198, 855 
7,229,579 
7,031,295 
7,054,725| 
7,097,407 
7,12) 861 
6,447,378 
6,296,410 


5,907,176| 
5,014,446 
4,907, 935| 
4,893,094 
4,910,651 
4.945, 648 
4,915,788 
5,012,075 
4.831.916 
4,827,189 


4,155,263 
4,172 343 
4,170,089 
4,265,840 
4,279,661 
4,285,843 
4,358,599 
4.442.641 
4,258,272 
4,411,401 


—— 


Taxes imposed for 


all purposes. 


a a 
gs \i8 
T tal. ri es 
a| Ss 
$ $ c. 
208,235 5 88\17.6 
183,605] 5 19/15.4 
181,634] 5 22/16.1 
181,221) 5 18/16.4 
177,209| 4 95/16.0 
181,863] 5 04 16.5 
162,880] 4 39 15.0 
148,967| 4 09 13.5 
136,767; 3 $212.7 
137,783] 3 catch 
73,718| 3 87'12.1 
72,802| 8 7711.9 
70,873 3 66/11.5 
67,806 8 43/11.0 
67,518 3 47|12.3 
65,755. 3 34/12.38 
65,717 3 3019.6 
61,688] 3 04 11.4 
60,297| 3 03 11.5 
60,188} 2 a 
78,889} 4 35 11.6 
77,327| 4 27 10.7 
76,094; 4 1110.6 
74,592, 3 9810.3 
73,247| 3 9110.4 
64,032' 3 41| 9.1 
73,087; 3 9510.3 
70,772, 3 80 9.9 
60,984 3 29 9.5 
oe 3 10 9.1 
80,417| 3 48!15.4 
75,425|-3 25 15.0 
77,495) 3 3815.8 
76,513! 3 3115.6 
74,474! 3 16 15.2 
74,846, 3.17,15.1 
79,401) 3 4416.2 
74,771! 3 07,14.9 
67,252 2 97/13.9 
64,092 2 86/13.8 
| 
54,860 2 7318.2 
54,216 2 8513.0 
48,678; 2 45111.7 
49,822) 2 55/11.7 
48,227! 2 40|11.3 
64,139) 2 73/12.6 
48,826) 2 4011.2 
48,554| 2 49,10.9 
50,358) 2 51)11.8 
45,764| 2 32)10.4 
57,351! 2 50/20.4 
B4,97L, 2 44/19.4 
53,242 2 38118.8 
51,843| 2 40|18.3 
49,974| 2 4217.7 
49,299) 2 30|17.1 
51,625) 2 42|18.2 
48,980 2 40/16.7 
49.674| 2 47/17.0 
46,110) 2 20|15.1 


99 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


{ 
} 


_ ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION. 


No. of | 


No. of 
Counties. rate- 
payers. 
Rvssk1LL : 
TROG PM oe 4,125 
1AG4 Fo eee ¢ | 3,983 
TROP eee e 3,743! 
1809 Medel cys! | 4,040| 
TSO ee eee 4,937 
SOO ss ee here sions 3, 847 
TS ape on ae 3,646 
1888 See ete tals ce 3,489 
LSS ue hence econ 3,179 
18SG ne 3,047 
CARLETON 
ie ae Se ke. 20,276 
Rte We pa Sele ny 19,199 
TE GEV evar Re 8 | 18,715 
1892 Batts ce cles 18,500 
TEGT URC ke coe | 19°782 
LSO0 Rew ue as | 18,817 
ASSO Are re terete 19,093 
SSS tees Hee ek | 18,473 
IRL ps Soe de eR oa 17,984 
LSSOMT RA i. ton 17,659 
RENFREW | 
ay tect ae 10,405 
TOOL oe | 10,249, 
1 Rohl Sa) eg ae a 9,640 
Woes Dia cee tes Ae ed 9,505 
A SOLA Pe toe rece ak 9,589 
TOGO Chae eer os ale 9,234 
SCORES Maes hea noe. 9,307 
Walston pod. seem See 2,090) 
SS / pee, es ces iclens | 8,818 
Tes Meare Cn, 8°506| 
LANARK | 
TSO Mee tec oe 10,130 
NSO 4 Ree ee ee | 9,917 
SOS SMe Sis: ss ete cte 9,800 
SOD eae Ma are acces te ae 9,934 
SOUS pare ek ee ey 9,871 
Rots) Ohi do1-5 ahaa ae 9,761 
LG sate hieees hea de, | 9,764 
A SSSGe wee toe cise ate 9,790 
S87, Bic take ets oc 9,674 
BSED Sue ie: ce 9,214 
VICTORIA 
TSOD seinen eects hese | 9,379 
pS }Ee aR) Di eae 9,470 
1 SOS Malsetokeesia oe cate 9,510 
NBO MeeI Ss rietie since, 9,474 
LSS Dee be ree ee hd 9,327 
SOO ge hee eve ite 8,958 
LSS ae ie once 8,986 
VSSSsee toate one 8,377 
LSS (iactats alemeieteace et: 8,296 
SSG or weenie he 8,307 
PETERBOROUGH 
A So Sy Aas RE PSB 11,026 
SOAS aelous ots Ra ttah es 10,878 
i 8 ee i Aas 2 eR 10,281 
TO ODN here rae are a ae 9,880 
iRohoR I> SA cop aie 9,684 
SIO tre oessvccseee 9,483 
LSS Oe ep Pe tere oe 9,238 
SSSR ONY reece cc 8,659 
SOUL. lero ee 8,622 
LESS S sive wutcisude oe 8,217 


acres, 


252,987 
253,839 
255,194 
254,260 
254,899 
253,575 
252,299 
254,405 


253,788 
250,327 


570,561 
571,586 
569,197 
568,522, 
566. 854 
566,814 
567,534| 
572,578 


569, 412, 
566, 807, 


940,479) 
939,056 
930,371| 
913,599 
919,386 
898, 298 
904,600 
888,816) 
876 ,040, 
864,884 


676,476 
679,513 
676,791 
673,820 
676,049 
675,100 
674,223 
667,646 
673,159 
stead 


588.657 
588,908 
588,003 
586,004 
574,952 
574,049] 
571,627 
572,409 
671,188 
567, 102 


562, 950 
555,443 
554,214 
546,516 
589,901 
544,183 
549,565 
544,519] 
539,393 | 
582,856 


Assessed 
Real Personal 
property. | property. 
$ eta 
1,921,487 14,675 
933, 34,900 
1,961,207 19,850 
1,930, 232 12,175 
1,902,725 11,375 
1,948,785 12,825 
1,906,879 10,680 
1,892,301 144,294 
1,638, 109 135,073} 
1,679,591 164,593| 
27,320,281| 1,275,700 
* 26,716,206] 1,366,675 
26,040,191| 1,408,545 
25,623,046] 1,419,020 
24,928,715| 1.446,825 
24,398,425| 1,463,575 
23,349,432} 1,200, 
21,795,438) 1,847,042 
19,650,7 1,692,851 
19,300,834} hee | 
4,718,673) 281,185 
4,632,443) 272, 
266,276 
4,404,248] 9847391 
4,405,004 275,513 
4, 283,188 287,086 
4,255,348 305,636 
4,125,672 709,826 
4,006.269| 699,827 
3,859,809| 696,895 
ee 505,501 
8,477,814 520,528 
8,227,064 519,131 
8,228,165 483,803 
8,218, 283 436,695 
8,077,409 439,473 
8,000,064 14! 
7,717,456] 1,035,533 
7,573,245} 1, 
7,387,072! 1,012, 425 
| 
9,630,819 366,9€5 
9,664,898 385, 336 
9.848.546] 229,565 
9,789.584| 157,000 
9,796.581 202,330 
9,751,654 197,285! 
9,794,773 222,910 
9,586,091 703,402 
o 374, 444| 657,080 
9, 439,143| 615,640 
tied 
12, 256,466 
12,185,401 295,475 
12,140,245 304, 9! 0 
12,032,919 311,700 
11,851,860 313,165 
11,650,835 322,260 
11,386,552 931,623| 
11,264,072 947,274 
11,046,059 976,294 
32 


A. 1896 


values. 


Taxable 


income. 


Ore (e:"e' felt 16 jes 


eeeereere,s 
eee ee ooee 


eeeeereee 


414,595 
566,575 

95,850 
140,850 
147,900 
154,650 
278,075 


310,025 
345, 725) 


35,900} 
50,82 0) 
49, 152 
50, 350) 
38,900 
41,650 
42.700 
38, 825 
63,600 
62,450 


71,830 
68,075 


72,275 
65,775 
68, 850 
79,925 
79,400 


41,500 
40,725 
45,775 
93,790 
61,800 
58,780 
40,295 
55, 960 
49,750 
47,719 


146,818| 


169,595 
215,175 


267,050 


208, 2 0) 
298,900 
233, 840 


— Continued. 


Hohe 


$ 


1,914,100 
1,961,610] 
1,917,559 
2,037,425 
1.773,782 
1,844,184 


29,010,606| 
28,439,456 
27,539,586 
27,182,916 
26,523,440 
26,016,650 
24,827,707 


21,693,680 
21,284,973 


5,085,758 
4,956,453 
4,819,780 
4,738,915 
4,719,417 
4,611,924 
4 603,684 
4,874,893 
4,769,696 
4,619,154 


10,089,224 
10,090,259 
10,114,686 
10,040,374 
10,060,711 
10,002,719 
10,057,978 
10,345,453 
10,(81,274 
10,102,502! 


12,682,287 
12,716,801 
12,650,471 
12,660,370 
12,571,274 
12,431,575 
12,081,595 
12,526,425 
12,429,546 
12,256,193 


Taxes imposed for 
all purposes. 


Total. 


| 
Per head. 
| Mills on $. 


$ 
39, 885 
37,664 
37,182 
36,588 
88,220] 2 47|20. 0 
36,100] 2 1918.4 
36,092] 2 27|18.8 
33,388] 2 1216.4 
34,368] 2 29/19 4 
31,019] 2 07|16.8 
9 
0 
6 
1 
3 


wNeges 
eo 
woe 
eewerr cy 
noo 
SCHODHS 


bo 
ns 
aor) 


| 


sls. 
92/19. 


548, 902| 6 
538,962] 6 
512,591 
492,658] 6 
484,615} 6 
460,128] 6 
449,658] 6 
516,232! 6 
359,112) 5 
pte 5 


130,773] 2 
125,454 . 
117,008 
112,400 7142 23. 


105,235 

104.541 
99,859! 2 
97,787| 2 
92,278 


30,17. 
07/18. 
96,21. 
13/16. 
a 8. 
91)26. 


Q 


141,114] 3 
136,899) 3 
129.398) 3 
134,294] 3 8815.3 
128,806] 3 65 14.8 
72} 3 62)14.6 
121,690] 3 40/14.3 
118,847] 3 29,18. 5 
120,910] 3 34/13.9 
Bate: 


148,045] 4 95/14.7 
148,571] 5 01/14.7 
149,427] 5 07/14.8 
148,€61| 5 (2/14. 
146,482] 4 8614. 
140,795] 4 6014. 
140,845] 4 68/14. 
144,596] 4 84/14. 
145,800] 4 £3 14. 
149,083] 4 90.14. 


158, 960 4 sole. 
160,228] 4 75/12. 
159,371| 4 78/12. 
156,411] 4 76/12. 
148,049] 4 57/11. 
140,507) 4 45/11. 
182,739] 4 25'11. 
123,794] 8 98] 9.9 
125,416] 4 07/10.1 
131,344] 4 31|10.7 


71|14.7 


CWORADH WNOOHARH 


7 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Pavers (No. 36). A. 1808 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Continued. 


Counties. 


Yao Cine ey eee ae 
best I a ea 


soba ok 


| 5,750 >a 2,216,546 98,109 


wea 3,683} 457,373) = 1,879,713 90,070 7,836} 1,968,619 31,006 


Taxes imposed for 


Assessed values. all purposes. 


; éf 
i Ne. of No. of & | & 
Prater KCres. Real Personal | Taxable & | 5 
Lo] 
payers’ property. | property. | income. Total. Total. me = 
|e 
$ $ $ $ $ $c 
1,791| 562,504 470,115 8,675 500 479,290 19,193 3 21/40. 
1,766] 663,512 472,586 10,325 500 483,411 22,183: 3 85/45. 
1,616} 565,918 464,956 13,850 500 479,306 22,349. 3 91/46. 
1,612} 563,025 469,789 13,550 200 483,539 22,317| 4 07)46 
1,709} 563,158 479,332 11,466 200 490,998 20,747; 3 60 42 
1,635 562,035! 460,863 13,550 500 474,413 20,581] 3 63'48 
1,639 557,193 474,928 15,120 500 490,548 20,708) 3 43/42 
1,616] 561,684; 417,009 28, 886 300 446,195 20 983) 3 64/47 
1,526 556,445) 434,391 29,118 400 463,909 20 364| 3 65 43 
| 1,498 560,004 474,909 31,622 650 507,181 20,641) 3 ae 
17.568 995,710] 15,641,813 338,350} 119,700) 16,099,863] 265,727: 4 76 16. 
| 17,288) 1,002,741; 15,624,959] 351,600} 124.742) 16,101,301 271,552| 4 87 16. 
16 551} 1,011,015; 15,828,883 311,295} 128,750! 16,268,928 271,498) 4 97,16. 
| 16,0382] 985.419} 15,777.475 269,450| 129,125] 16,176,050 270,980] 4 89 16. 
16,065} 986,362} 15,854,055 268,205} 112,350} 16,234,610 272,267) 4 96,16. 
15,988} 980.555: 15,689,778 236,430! 111,125] 16,037,333! 269,214! 4 93/16. 


15,641} 965,868) 14,714,622 723,441} 102,400} 15 540,463’ 260,595: 4 79/16. 
15,5261 964,780} 14,346,444 710,748} 116,386! 15,173,578| 248,546 4 46/16. 
15,039| 948,172) 14,193,671 rel ca 15,008,014 aay 4 lag 


15,828) 989,928} 15,739,876 72814 103,550| 16,110,776 263,647) 4 86/16. 


12,245] 2,326,900 53,491 3 21/23. 


5,447| 526,386} 2,090.931 84,284! 6,723! 2,181,938 49,273 3 12 22. 
5,245} 524,869 2,007,921 91,490 6,850; 2,106,261 47.321 3 08 22. 
4,778| 518,677, 1,967,339 82,440 9,000! 2,058,779 47,094. 3 13 22. 
4,802; 515,483! 1,935.799 94,240 6.400} 2,036,439 45,459 3 1222. 
4,686) 516.232 1,915,519 75,259 7,000} 1,997,778 42,779; 2 91 21. 

78,704 8,850! 1,932,301 41,597) 2 89 21. 


7,340! 2,005,705 41,758) 2 98/20. 


| 4,621! 515,848) 1,844,747 


AMO TBRWOTMMO HH ORODDNOMN BROOCH HLWNHRLO 


4,382} 509,912; 1,759,708 238,657 

4,380; 514,131} 1,590,186 270,292 8,100} 1,868,578 40.092 2 94/21. 
| 4,295 510,878) 1,509,300! 262,640 G5040\ e127 79,015 el 2 70/20. 
| 4,721' 509.775' 2,147,364 72,155 3,700} 2,223,219 41,528 3 01/18. 

4,310, 490,317) 2,067,284 79,260 3,500] 2,150,044 37,638 2 97/17 


70,431 9,800! 2,070.959 37,781 
79,520 7.400} 2,040,621 37,655 
76.662 8,050} 2,082,960 34,350 


4,051] 495,986! 1,962,701 


| 4,209] 479,489 1,990,728 
3,973} 510,974| 1,998,248 


3,147} 369,256| 1,509,882 73,707 
2,736| 330,779} 1,371,629 242,358 
2,141: 268059! 1,028 975 158, 856 
| Li ad 256,057 927,005 135, 263 


243,244} 1,338,168 186, 982 4,500; 1,529,650 42.687 

| 217,770) 1,149,534 188,850! 6,100; 1,335,484 35,709 

3,150; 200,716). 1,065,911 162,518 15,650) 1,244,079 31,184 

2,576, 202,948 982,171 157,515 33,170 1,172,856 28,725 

2,375| 196,516 955,642! 147,883 20,830 1,124,355 24,061 
| 


7,960] 1,591,549} 24.489 
8,225} 1,622,212! 95.505 
2,150! 1,189,981) 20,174 
4,150) 1,066,418) 18,342 


=I 

i=) 

— 

OU 
NON © Ororby Ors] 


NEN NNNNWWH NWNUNNNW 
4 — 
al 
bs 
~] 
Ta 


a 
axe 
to 
o - 

© 09 0 O19 BH OT HHT & 


2,224), 190,839 761,462 146,071 5.650 913, 183 22,178! 2 50/24 
1,808} 162,735 599,834 121,602' 22,500 743, 956 15,269 
1,458); 136,921 518,929 131,635 5,650 656,214 12,008} 2 07/18 
| 1,228} 120,246 427,470 129,765 800 558,035 9,083! 1 93116 
679 51,944 277,507 106,939 600 385,046 7,262) 2 9418 
| 1,774} 222,704 763.573 37,530) 300, 801,403! 16,065! 2 93\20.0 
|° 1,935] 223,013 744,500 59.210 1,100) 804,810; 18,791} 3 43!93.2 
1,723| 213,141 721,104 49,017 1,100 771,221) 17,541! 3 44/22.7 
1,678) 208,352 740,506 46,038 400 786,944 16,762 2 98/21.3 
1,730' 215,715 745,136 46,554 900) 792,590| 16,987| 2 99121.4 
1,633} 212,763 717,950 23,679 2,800 744,429' 16,958} 3 06|23.8 
1,611} 226,530 685,345| 70,305 100 755,750, 14,308! 2 7118.9 
1,583] 206,411 609,753 CLUE yy Re 729,980 16,130] 3 10 22.1 
1,225| 218,275 660,002 72,416 400 732,818 16,162) 3 10|22.1 
1,538; 206,538 633,250 87,889 800 721,939 14,436, 2 88/20.0 


33 


| 59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION.—Coneluded. 


Taxes imposed for 


| | 
Assessed values. all purposes. 


No. of Nowak ear | 


F Bo ehres 
Counties. | rate- acres. Real Personal | Taxable § = 
m 
DATOS. property. | property. | income. Total. Total. BS 
| als 
$ $ $ $ $ Cc. 
ALGOMA | | 
SOD Bee Beicleve ess 3,629| 354,556 2,140,170 86,974 13,400 2,240,544 46,015! 4 76/20.5 
D Phot SLR ae TSE fy | 3,284| 342,948 2,086, 946 112,030 2,830 2,201,826 45,026| 5 21|20.4 
PROS Ga a Erk. 2,888} 300,283 1,993, 102 52,040 3,500 2,048,642 53,072} 6 13)25.9 
RO Dae ob estes ah | 2,462| 267,369 2,001,431 51,615 1D 2,054,821 43,686] 5 94/21.3 
PSOUN eA ea oes 2,296] 255,731 1,917,948 55,911 6,520 1,980,379 42,762| 6 08|21.6 
DS9O RE Se aa 2S 1,912] 211,470 1,747,416 70,480 6,900 1,824, 796 35,857| 6 69|19.6 
iWotot’ pay Hogs oA tas Spee 1,686] 161,624 1,694,151} 67,945 9,000 1,771,096 26,593| 5 53}15.0 
USGS rele eee heals a: | 1,482] 123,758 1,151,317 95,489 14,350 1,261,186 18,673, 4 81/14.8 
SS Rte et neler 870 88,52] 985,630 80,246 10,600 1,076,476 10,406} 3 59] 9.7 
USSOR veka: were : 634 87,158 436,845 35,735! cal ee 7,748| 2 91116.3 
THUNDER Bay 
pote Se Pity RA ee 1,998| 257,199 2,494,350 123, 400 47,350 2,665,100 65,194|11 6924.5 
TSO4 SY He Cees 2,332} 258,731 2,661,844 140,900 48,450 2,851,194 65,127|11 74/22.8 
ESOS art onc at 1,953| 258,735 2,917,062 175,050] 63,450 3, 155,562 69,572|11 91|22.0 
SOR ary vant fae e 1,535| 255,733 2,814,827 224 683| 39,800 3 089,310 64;526]12 40/20.9 
TSG Lipase eas 1,480] 256,397 2,708,903 147,850 32,300 2,889,058 51,538)11 48]17.8 
ELS OO heise ae ho ean 1,683} 258,005 2,267,517 164,850 37,300 2,469, 667 41,133] 7 3916.7 
Aa toed Sie Dae e rune eCT ane 1,359] 255,918 2,787,869 164,640 29,350 2,981,859 50,903| 7 37|17.1 
1SSS Vee ec’ te: 1,261; 251,918 2,412,413 159,192 35,600 2,607,205 44,463) 7 2617.1 
USS Teac 1,198| 156,150 1,751,584 168,133 55,310 1,975,027 30,485] 4 91]15.4 
LO SO MAN hac erect 1,249} 154,660 1,395,469 217,200 51,100 1,663,769 36,280| 6 29)21.8 
Rainy RIVER: | | fe | 
PAOD MESA esa tae 1,517 20,846| 1,176,816 nas ese 1,000/- 1901 4601 23,577| 6 15|17.8 
OQ NOs See 1,712 20.846! 1,084,634 152,407 4,400 1,241,441 19,027| 4 7115.3 
OO Seen tree 1,323 19,495| 1,003,728 185,693 23,900 1,213,321 20,441] 6 52)16.8 
TOO a Swati se 1,140 19,221 1,018,119 148, 205 1,800 1,168,124 11,920) 3 63/10.2 
ESOP ied thle terest 1,077 17,073 1,057,018 69,625 5,300 1,131,943 17,962} 5 85/15.9 
S90 Horie reteiseleseaey 776 8,320 832,136 128,405 7.900 968, 441 15,541| 6 89|16.0 
USS Oe ie AR eel rece tee 660 8,320 555,175 38,500 11,860 605, 475 15,817| 7 47/26.1 
TESS ees 356 8,320 437,530 76,350 12,900 526,780 8,599| 5 09/16.8 
ESS Hie Se Ma oe 275 5,760 242,195 48 800 2,250 293,245 7,425| 7 81/25.3 
VSSS csi se hee laut 273,885 


6,760 


34 


a 


a1 . 


re 


8, $34 8 


sake 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION, 


TasBpie IV. Summary statement for the Province of Ontario of the number of Ratepayers and Area as: 
shown by the assessment rolls, and of the assessed Values and amount of Taxes imposed, as shown by 
the collection rolls, together with the average rate of taxes per head of population assessed as resident, 
and rate in mills on the dollar of total assessed value for the ten years, 1886 to 1895, classified as rural 
(townships), urban (towns and incorporated villages) and cities. 


Taxes imposed for 
ureters No. of | No. of Assessed values. all purposes. 
f P rate- acres Peal MET Oa tae Ta oa cel ai, dh eae LA Mills 
ties. payers. | assessed. Real Personal | Taxable Total, Total. Per jon the: 
property. | property. | income. head. |dollar 
1895. $ $ $ $ $ $c. : 
Townships:’.| 355,828 23, 114,356| 445,375,439| 2,762,179 279,641| 448,417,259) 4,473,269] 4 O3) 9.98 
Towns... ts 93,803 146,308; 84,192,880} 6,971,021} 1,675,669! 92,839,570 2,000,429| 6 77] 21. & 
Villages....|~ 42,725 100,943] 28,344,733] 1,877,355 296,187 | 30,518,275! 565,137; 4 15) 18. 5 
Cities ..... 115,161 40,548] 225,079,539] 16,852,113 ea 249,691,062| 5,277,594! 12 68) 21. 1 
Total ...| 607,517) 23,402,155 782,992,591 | 28,462,668 | 821,466,166} 12,316,429| 6 29) 15. 6 
1894. | 
Townships .| 352,414! 23 039,610 448,216,984] 2,899,503 359,616! 451,476,103) 4,579,044) 4 15} 10. 1 
Towne ..... 91,824! 146,824 83,571.766, 7,083,145 1,582,239) 92,237,150} 1,934,437; 6 62] 21. 0: 
Villages... 41,053; 100,747| 27,591,845 1,963,265, 281,133 29,836, 243 48,356, 417] 18. 4 
Cities ...... 111,307 40,560) 227,578,882) 17,323,301; 7,727,691] 252,629,874] 5,258,475 12 86] 20. 8. 
| i 
Total....| 596,598) 23,327,741! 786,959,477| 29,269,214 9,950,679 826,179,370] 12,320,312) 6 36; 14. 9 
1893. 
Fourel ass. | 347,406) 22,959,280) 448,311,559 2,957,944 359,600) 451,629,103} 4,629,028 4 22] 10.26 
Urban ..... | 129,260 246,780} 111,724,238) 8,923,403! 2,029,029 122,676,670] 2,449,452 5 90! 20. 0 
Cities. .... | 110,248 40,258; 226,179,831) 17,581,320; 7,463,128) 251,224,279| 5,444,180 13 69] 21. 7 
Total....| 586,914! 23,246,318] 786,215,628) 29,462,667) 9,851,757; 825,530,052) 12,522,660! 6 56| 15.17 
1892. | 
Paral esaae. | 344,061) 22,885,464] 448,566,182) 3,089,202 410,274| 452,065,658! 4,599,442; 4 17| 10.17 
Orban’. 4... : 126,190 228,829, 110,989,898] 8,452,309; 2,469,164) 121,911,871] 2,375,995, 5 75) 19. 5 
Cities 110,004; 40,258, 222,997,515) 18,928,105| 9,308,478) 251,234,098} 4,828,133) 12 26] 19. 2 
Total. 580,255 93,154, 551 roach rl 30,469,616] 12,187,916! 825,211,127] 11,803,570; 6 18| 14.30 
1891, 
Maral 654.2 | 344,963 22,825,325} 450,559,;809| 3,101,663 408,892! 454,070,364) 4,544,291] 4 07; 10.01 
pan Tyo 124,447 227,075) 109,462,152) 8,570,172 2,343,484) 120,375,808) 2,305,025) 5 61] 19. 1 
ASIRIGR tore fs os 109, 788 39,498; 216,091,585) 19,460,460 8,849,177; 244,401,222 4,918,482] 12 44] 20. 1 
Total. 579,198 28,091,895 776,113,546 Soe 11,601,553 818, 847,394] 11,767,748] 6 12) 14.87 
1890. 
Butale 333, 460| 22,676,390| 448,916,986} 3,178,614! 371,488] 452,467,088; 4,473,108} 4 00] 9.89 
Rirhanes 3s 120,217 223,434] 105,353,091 7,878, 486| 2,170,656 115, 402, 233 | 2,161,644} 5 27) 18. 7 
Cities. oc 101,378 39,498} 202,907,967| 19,300,295 8,538,688) 230,746,950, 4,262,733 | 10 96] 18. 5 
| 
Total....' 555,050 22,939,322) 757,178,044 ee 11,080,832} 798,616,271] 10,897,485 5 68] 13.65 
1889. 
Thuraloae 385,408! 22,554,717| 447,114,443) 3,470 224' 392,553) 450,977,220). 4,507,717; 3 99} 10.00 
Urban... 115,207: 215,532] 96,567,320) 7,778,945, 2,112,533] 106,453,798! 1,998,623} 4 97| 18. 7 
Cities a5 2. | 97,348 38,498} 177,634,932 18,826,684 8,013,182) 204,474,798] 3,746,858; 9 97) 18. 8 
| 
Total....| 547,963] 22,808,747| 721,316,695 30,070,853) 10,518,268] 761,905,816} 10,248,198, 5 37] 18.45. 
1888, | 
Rural)... 325,050) 22,348,502) 433,596,047; 26,624,345 395,480] 460,615,822; 4,494,780; 3 97] 9.76 
AIEDAT Ga. 111,159 211,707; 90,416,611) 7,956,694! 2,039,724 100,413,029] 1,884,918} 4 79] 18. 8 
Cities ...... i, 36,961] 160,239,217! 19,345,906} 8,040,596 187,625,719) 3,540,264; 10 01! 18. 9 
Total. 531,125, 22,597,170 yeaa role 53,926,945 peaterieny 748, 654,570 9,919,962) 5 a 13.25 
1887. | 
Ruralis: % 325,785) 22,145,295) 428,372,441) 27,381,683 416,039} 456,170,163) 4,431,720] 3 89| 9.72 
Urban ..... 106,855 212,322) 83,497,910} 7,616,982| 2,222,704) 93,837,696] 1,759,248, 4 66] 18. 8 
Cities ...... 91,383 36,163} 140,795,414) 18,226,775) 8,781,990, 167,804,179] 8,109,145; 9 40] 18. 5 
Total 524,023) 22,393,780 652,665,765 53,225,440} 11,420,733) 717,311,988] 9,300,113) 5 03) 12.97 
1886 
Rural ...... 321,285} 21,990, 134! 424, 356,317| 27,289,098 452,230| 452,097,645} 4,388,401) 3 82) 9.71 
Brean. = 102,240 204,446| 78,521,775, 7,384,126] 2,172,192 88,078,093} 1,670,848) 4.64] 19. 0 
Cities ...... 88,611 35,373} 129,231,595 16,925,710) 8,047,616) 154,204,921) 2,950,136] 9 28) 19. 1 
Total.... are rt eet 632,109,687, 51,098; 934 10,672,038) 694,380,659| 9,009,385) 4 a 13.97 


35 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


= 


POPULATION. 


A. 1896 


TABLE V. Showing for townships, town and village municipalities, grouped by counties, and for cities, 
the population of Ontario as taken by the municipal assessors in the two years, 1894-5. 


Municipalities. 


Essex : 


PATICerdOn mien since eS aay 
Golonesters. (Ni o'%:.s.wo eisai re 
Colchester iS. ic hes veer teeetss 
GrOatielG ON ces enue ee eats baies 
CE OBLIOU ones eeate eke pi vien dip Stet eles 
Maidstone......'.06. 65 SPaarcrevoes 


Malden . 
Mersea. . 


ee 


ee ee ee 


Peleetisland= ce. .22. eet 
Rochester gence eee oe 
ATIC WIG Tait. bce sid ast caiicns wees 


Sandwich 


Oates tam eta tess 


Ani Wiclis, Wi. we eee ees oe en 
MulburyiVine we. ce us POR eget tats 
TUIDUILY WV Mita sinis Gare katt ahs nes 4/4 


Total for townships ......... 


TA OELETSUDUUNC, Ne eleleices trystceser ote an, Sore 


Essex ... 


eer eee soso see ee eee sees 


MSCHTRUNOLON eh settee EA 


Sandwich 


eoeoe ee se sees e eee eee eee 


PUVLCLLBETUULLE Neicia CRIN ote Seale are 
Belle River...... ee ae ee 
FRAN GSVEIG. yt Ne suds oe stele: ws whee 


Total for towns and villages.. 


KENT: 
Camden 
Chatham 


Raleigh . 
Romney 


oon eee soe eee ernst eereonee 


Ce 


@rpaeceecesn-eeee ec eeennae 


eeecee ere cee we tee ee eee 


eesrere eee eee + es #4 ew oe 


ee COwhne ee ee - eer er snereon 


Ce 


Aleit hs big Mate AAR aA By oc New MEY d Onell 


Zone ... 


ee eee eee ee fe ee we wm 


Total for townships....... 


Blenheim 
Bothwell 
Dresden 


2 siete 014 00 « = eo 0s 6,2 


oie A ait s'6 66 © se wleNie/ 7s ‘v6.06 


PTO GECOWIU NIL Ue 0 idle 3 atch play inn 
“PRAIMOB VLE A Ay cleo eke Weare 


Tilbury . 


ey 


UW MU ACEDUT OMe ah. as ished oes 


Total for towns and villages... 


ELGIN : 


SAL GOPOM OU: shuren its cutee costa « 


Bayham 


O69 oy So wo @.0)4 8. 6 0 de) © 6% gio en 


Dorchestergs cs. waves eet he 


Dunwich 
Malahide 


Nors.—Towns are printed in italics. 
*Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


Dp eaves) | trie tal asa f ale 6 ne kere: de 


eee eee ewe eee oe ee we tw ewes 


——$_—— | 
| 


ELGin.— Continued. 


2,876 ZA UTE ae LOUIE g\ «i in to's Sire seme 
1,598) eo apa A Dutton.) ae eee 
3,807 3,666|| Port Stanley ............ 

653 O29 |i seopringtield e:cle.% ack ne 
2,417 ZOU LITy V AGCUD A's: 9:4. vie ala ahctulen oat 
2,574 2,358 
1,582 1,544 Total for town and villages . 


2,264 2,212|| NORFOLK : 


1,738 2,064|!| Charlotteville............ 


Houghton ...... 


31,130)> 31,140)), Middleton. 22.2.0... 28. 
DOWNED 2 ovis. Sa8 aes ers 
2,181 2,084 | Walsingham, N........ 


544 553 Total for townships........ . 
1,289 1,255 
ISEMLEO Eze td mayne Le ae as coe 
10,490). 2.0,360,1/> Delhivii. 2 oe eee eer 
| Port Dover i343 .46.04.0: 
Port: Rowan: jake 'e. . 22. 
2,688 DETAIL oF WV BCOLEOTOs Merrie p tee tes Ge 
4,807 4,672 
3,589| +3,558 Total for town and villages .. 
4,416} 4,669 
3,319 3,468 | HALDIMAND : 
25 (29s (0 ee Oanburoug nk des ercdhk 


sau) 4 O0GA Cayuga, IN. keh en tener 


Total for villages 


1,625 NMlatoto ble Ota g bee: Wate er ge Aw ORS 8 Oe 
3,146 ZG40 ll UeLIUND cee a ehieetae sy ae 
1 22S os | Moulton:s hs yee 2 
Cneid & het teak ae 
52\049 | 32050 tae ain alice. nese eee 
ENECR Rl, ser ieee re 
1,707 1,590|}} Sherbrooke.....-.... ... 
854 S4atik Walpole sia. 2a Saas ee axes 
1,801 1,840 | 
2,169 2,135 Total for townships 
853 804 | 
OL: 973 Caledonia’. #25. ceueneee- 
2,089 2 OBS) as Ca VUES BN mon then eer Geile 
| Dunnvilless een. aoe. 
10,444; 10,223]/| Hagersville.............. 
4,785 sl 
3,458] 3,476 pee y : 
1,461 1,485 Bertie (x oeit ci caten: 
3,181 3,001 Crowland treme ber or ake 
set 3,630}, Humberstone............ 


tBecomes a town in 1896. 


36 


South wold vrads cee 
‘Varmouth2.s cs etie cae 


Walsingham, S... ...... 
Wandhamy ns, .¥5)2ste 


** Villages ” means incorporated villages. 
+Figures from return 


| 15,927 


960 
1,107 
1,832 

961 


| 
i 


| 4,860 


3,059 
982 
2,634 


of 1893. 


| 


n— a 


99 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). | A. 1896 


TABLE V.—POPULATION.— Continued. 


i ; | : ela 
| 
Municipalities. 1895. | 1894 Municipalities. 1895. | 1894, 
WELLAND. — Continued. | pone Continued. | | 
sen Ra oe ily Rane RE Saeed 2,413 2,255 Wawanoshy \WVetsin waianseul ts 2,188 2,161 
PAMIOrd een eo te eee 2,047| 1,999 
PRGTOLO Ghee oe so. un Neh ey Oke 1,932 yay Total for townships.......... 45,913! © 45,686. 
By SINT Giis Pn ce ee 2,474) 2,458 
DV lou yy. sabes 2 ee eee 940 S20 CUNO. . eee. e Pe ete re eke TN Sd 2,443 2,423 
: Goderich eso.) he pie ch eee 3,698| 3,638 
Total for townships.......... 16,481 mitted SURE ES She RPA ates ae gts Aoi sea ie sae ie ayes 
RTUQMUANE aaa at Ba Ree aoe x 
Niagara Falls.....0..0...-. 005. 8)7841Ae 3,619] | Bayfield ®. ic oie ana reas 641| 669 
EL ROTOMILG TS, ne Rl at ee ee 2,246 2,326 Blythe es. s oe ceee rren ee, oe 987 912 
Welland Jn eS ie lene: ae a 1,931 cred ence DPR Lava Mita Sn ete 1,203 1,203 
Bridgeburg 2 ae D249 eee bess Uxebersg hrs Sues sires! Rl 1,756 1.751 
Ohipnawa cer cae oe ay 549 B61}| <Wroxeter <.) 2.0000 see ce leon 496 459 
Fort: Wriess Yj wat wets 852 918 | 
Niagara Falls South .......... 1,309 1,298 Total for towns and villages..}| 15,831} 15,718 
Por Colbornocea ne st) ye 1,136} 1,156 | " 
RUCE: 
Total for towns and villages....| 13,006! 11,744 | EAL ee Waa N tame cret: Dak < Stees ate an 
mabelwccs Cowie shh se ; ; 
LAMBTON : | ALTA owen Hea tiene fanek tak 2,569 2,696 
BOSANGMEGMKA elk s ee Tae ee 2,435 DON eran bere een eee take ae 4,279 3,948 
Provkerrr mic an. See a | S077) ear o, 268) teria (ete yer ak om cet 3,024] 2,909 
GTN a erstote ak es ee Weds CAO SRL 3,018 Db AYPI CK Gea” oe Ue cake rnd Me nae 5,091 5,018 
Honhipkilien 44 che: bates an oh 5,201 5,201 | Caalroasineieess ss) dbase 8 3,089 2,890 
EGDNOEAID ese Ce Md 4 see ee 2,209 D133) pe AR CnOr eee) ton de loc ce teh ya aloes 1,536 1,435 
OOLO RE Some ete ete Oy Bes et 5,028 5,609 | Raarelie YAR, AA ee eh oie € 2,462 2,502 
Blymisornay eyes eee 3,343 3,636 | FOOnOCK faye. tence ae een Cee 2,863 2,934 
SALTY Te ee Ltup se eae 2,143 2,083 EL ULPONN en oe Rarer eee tis 3,645 3,692 
OMUFAMG ven th a re 3,641 ca Kincardine? nese ae eee 3,097 2,818 
WIRE WIG t) © punk Ste Tay d fa) th 3,450] +3,589 | Fin lossatta.b oeh ais he seen ae 2,554 2,456: 
| Lindsay and St. Edmunds...... 720| 816 
Total for townships.......... 33,740] $4,433 | cet ae Cte 4 Ree 1,451! = 1,471 
ORER TE I 6 RY ies Soh Ona 1,559 Let Total for townships.......... pens 39,816 
POLLED tren Cin) Pets iy Nate 4,342] 4,483 | 
fe (Ts By, 0 deed ae a ee a 6,287 6,525 | | TL UIUCATOILE on Ae is eo Ce Vd 2,680 2,860 
MUI VINSLONT ea eet ee Bete chet tee 1,055 1,086 | Weber tOneee Sern eee cae 3,251 3,114 
rican re hs Shi Vl ays 477 479 FECOPLOTIA NS & Meee. aoe tea wee 2,180 VW 
Be SPR Gee. coals, ee kta 1,002 1,037 | Suey Poe Wore) chet c) Miia d tice oot 1,740 1,460 
Om Wards..o. 6 ee. ee 1,405 1,481 CIAO Wenn waa) eee ee 1,382 1,121 
PPEOULOTO apm ee,, Gea sah. hts. 583 577 | | Pai sl yi Reet fhe bern een 1,174 1,098 
ENS La De A pe 15200) eerie rot Le OFb EAST we creates wisi. c der, 4 1,421 1,700 
WV MOMIIN Oe! on - ctv. inc aad Mane 823} 827 | Seas eral ea MED Beside roth maak 1,455 1,365 
BIR he seaport ed he SER 710 721 
Total for towns and villages. . 18,7931 19,327 | oe Mee ey BONNE Se at noe gre 
VENOM IONE pa Mae LG deers | 
Huron : | 
Pacelli dt sk ee ES ae 3,371 3,285 Total for towns and villages..| 17,638] 17,166 
ROOTES Togs tert ee oe 1,805 1,806 | 
rOUepiclbaes iF nes deat OMee, 2,537 2,462||GREY : ‘ 
ridin cyt, RGM LS ee ,043 ,62 Art LA nal ace ati steht eae cat ,013 3,48 
hel ace de sy eed ae ees ana See | Bedtnee Meera eae eau halen ranaters ie 4,502 
‘a CS Col eee ge hy Rain a ee 4,366 4306s Cotingewood? seed oxo s ay ccoh 3,500 3,671 
BE ents eed cat eo, br ee 2,898 2,913 | Gr yee eee eh cece ios 1,919 1,924 
DT Oat ied ow acs hear aes 2,985 2 OSO INN premotitu este ada cakh « Seo" 3,380 3,241 
LOTEIG eee 28 oe ade a ae hil hee 2,849 2,930 | SHG W OLAV fh: tnedagh Jab ah pi vee me 3,383 3,115: 
Bieler ag hie ail o aoe teat ae 2,237 De BAAN RRLONOLD) fonla Ue SU hie fees rsa ait AC 3,016 3,004 
SSO DM GI es oh Bela ons ney ahaa see 3,832 3,732 | Hollands... FARE Se ee he 3,428). 3,561 
Tuck orampph, steers. o's fess cts lauinus, 614) tue? G7 Si bin Keppel Me. temic, ccleely onoe 3,874| 3,931 
DAP BGLEY ER 2) ex O92 ae ales cs 2,354 2,261 | WN GPIM ATED Y Pareto ese kos 8 4,873 4,899 
MO SUORTiMks oe eri sheen’ dt ly Ss, 2,400 BASSI OIADTOY 2% atts sae die Bee Moe ba 3,321 3,244 
WY RO EMOBT IU de cay teh oe a ale Do Titea| EPO TE Seca mee igs ING a eine ak of 3,097 3,039 
*Incorporated in 1895 out of Bertie township. +Taken trom return of 1893. 


Wi 


} i an x 
{ 
59. Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). 
TABLE V.—POPULATION.—Continued. 
| 
Municipalities. 1895. | 1894. | Municipalities. 1895. | 1894. - 
| 
| 
GREY. — Continued. | MIDDLESEX. — Continued. | 
BRE ANTICO Gertie Sia'p chivas eee suse ane 2,936) 2)958)| >INissouri; Wo 0. ie oe os ise 2,570) 2,600 
SSELY Wabi le is) aivie vip oes, viele erie ened 1,176} 1,062 | | Westminster. 20k tee tea 4,653 4,306 
Sullivan! (95...3.,. SAGE oth wee 3,423| 3,657|! Williams, E .......... ot. ‘arly Ted are 
Sydenham ihc! .k fess eae caves: 3.610]  3,613|| Williams, W ......0.... 0-000" 1612| 1,712 
Total for townships.......... 53,113) 59, 861 Total for townships.......... 45,164) 44,549 
Die ame kei sss dies « Fe ee ee 1,235 er| POY in Vena ence oe 1,567, 1,553 
ALCO TOTU PRL naw ee bie bos home 1,928 aed S700 Wi eStrathroy 2.0... sect wala ae 3,057, 3,016 
QUPVSOUNON 2k > t.0 ae ote Rae ice Sas 7,461 7j509|| w Ailsa Craigy ... 7.6 ice lee einen 712 635 
OT RDUPD ok re atone ptiee see tee 864 S67 Wir rlencos. Sik 1.70 vives eee 1011 994 
Dindalkde hos ky care eee ee 761 719|| London, West.......-0...0..00. 1,947; 1,875 © 
Markdale ...... fie hie pistes ot ote NG 738 718 WGULCATI WWE Ls... oe aces ote cueionn meres 803 849 
INGWDUEY ss aa bias wee eae 403 425 
Total for towns and villages..| 12,981} 12,657|| Wardsville....... ............ 333 313 
SIMCOE: Total for towns and villages. . 9,833 9,660 
Adalat We OE i eileen 1,924 1987 | 
SSB Bair eR iaer as Serle bos ist Sods dt ss 3,982 3.9711} OXFORD: 
Bee greta heaton S/n eee Data cies p> 3, 292 Shia eis Ama tore 220 2. as \nyete ate oh aroma 1,648 1,698 
CrwHllits Dury, Woche! « des swiacertisre 2,374 2.2031 | prlentiei nips.) stu. cle te ateeene pte 4,720 4,629 
A MIRT RO Mise oreetews Le. Kew sei 3,758 S AGT me OPODRIOY, 64 cheeus!sve «10 Lettie oe 3,573 3,601 
Matchedash. 2.2 [.¢..6. 5. onde 393) 403 |PeNissourig Mag} .scc pare. oo ewicieee 2,699 2,676 
Med Ontais.es faa oy alee sna elon oe 3,629 3,903 (st Norwich, (Ny o) oor. sags ce om bee 2,186 2,190 
INGtLAWASARR Weniars fer ae tials Oe veo 4.998) FD SLO] RAGIN OFWIGINIOD 02) .3 Bain atisted « cunatgs 2,450) 2,483 
Mra Liat be oe. aban te oety ot x sas bee 3,546 5 499 |e Oxtordy tiie band tet gues okie ora 1,972 1,927 
OLO LE ee ree Ol eels 3,959 3,857 CORTOPURON Woe te Sahate hres en ware 1,339 1,291 
ManwilalOrees ct hee ee eee 2,343) ae 2 S03 toe Oxfor dew we tk wheat a 2 aie 2, 00TLe 2896 
Bey dis et skin Saou re whe cio nes Se 3,692 3°79 | GOTT, HR os Ua ban autvde ata rats 3,764; 3,784 
acwmeapthess, cal Noses os otek 3-408} a, | 8, 2581 Ziorra;, WU fe. 5%. verele de ce me A ss 2,663! 2,785 
PRIVY SS Bieter. oan ek ee aac 3,707 3,857 
Tossorontio...... SE ORAS 2 1,588 1,650 Total for townships.......... 29,021, 29,010 
Vespra...... Beh ie Fg ee rs cig 2,732 2,781 
| TRO GT SOUL a tiate Satta eS tae ts 4,475, 4,414 
Total for tewnships.......... 49 Dh 849 404 (el el sont roe care sie. t's a teeta 2,156; 2,214 
| Woodstock n cpecmine «coe urate 8,791 8,888 
BAUD STO Timmer tts Ri a ste's aoe aa alt v ieee 1,909 1,925 BMA DIO iron alent. asst aie eames 617 617 
Barre ee et ee, 5024 bu 04°909|| ANorwichis.% 0.4 stro dacaenee 1,169 1,198 
COTO WOOD ori tes 2 ek be tee eal 5,410) 5,166. 
MELINA ORS ore deraey on ee 1.847| 1,617 Total for towns and villages..| 17,208 17,331 
Ds Sa ae TD ONS 5,050} 4,871 | 
PENCLANGUASRENE 62. ce een eecaes 2,408 2,323||BRANT : | 
BUTUICTE iicaR cet Saws 2 gate toate tos 1,210 WATS Brantiords ors secn etree ne 5,279 5,264 | 
Allandale) <0Vs..0.. ee Weenie teens | 976 O83 tik «Burford ie 20 4 ate on eee 4,622} 4,527 
PVOECOTIE Se «hia. s tee Neaide se teh 675| Bb) SwWumiries iS: 9. i.t oe. ee taleatance | 2,848) 2,821 
rad lOM sae een ee tcc Ts 914 GOT re Oak land ey. 20 ara tia see a nieg rofeials epee 768° 794 
OFOCIIONO ely on) Ve he oie ; 577 TIL Onondaga eo. aa an ae eee eee 1,242 1,215 
SOLER AI rch la's cc ltuiget tae cane 544 537 | 
; | ‘Total for townships ......... 14,759’ 14,611 
Total for towns and villages..! 26,544] 25,706 
| OTVS Mas Waltons Matera hes iote Oke eos 3,046 3,066 
MIDDLESEX : | 
Midelnidatl eee eee 2,999' 2,070||PERTH: | 
Biddulph gsy.s eee Aue toy 2,412,  2,350!! Blanshard ...... See ras |. 9, 734i- 9 2:692 | 
Qatadoct: tosses ae 2 3.880 3) )S:880 pre DOwilety. ub. 6s Sele oie es = ote 2,871| 2,838 
Delaware ele ibd ae see een wu 1,537| 1,571 | Basthope: Nb) .t) so ase anette 2,228| 2,291 
Doran ester KN sy. thts ees 3,661) %-78, CIS ai Rasthopess vies cho al t) pace 1,876 1,909 
A Sag ey er Wo Neen ee 2.664) (2,659) | 7Mblica’ ds ail tog pari os | 3,283| 3,140 
BiQDO ces ype stiri hose an eke aa es 2,706 2660)" ALL Oia seine ses od eens se oot a see og 3,967 3,938 
MMonden rd. cates ora reales 8,588 8.612 tv ullartome Geers: sss pases « | 2,080 2,181 
MeGiivTrayeen. Finials Bite setme a 2,998 $0387 |i: 5 Rib bert cette tye ow a Pas 2,232 £239 | 
Miatcal feet. 2 foi niseenr sree a 15587 1,455 | MiG Ad Naw PSE oH hs ORB 2 2,739 2,733 | 
Da Saa ere ee eee ete ee ts ote ae 2,690 2,586 | Mornin gtoniin win oiey sod tes irkn ¢ ae 3,964 ' 
38 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 
TaBite V.—POPULATION, —-Continued. 
| | | 
Municipalities, 1895. 1894, | Municipalities, 1895. | 
rf | 
Purru.— Continued, DUFFERIN. —Continued. 
PVR IAGO stats .o fc» x 9 deace <. <ve-kie s4 2,930 2,977 NOTG) Wi eee ee at, 3,360 
| | Piven Ge ee eee eet sone Ce 2,975 
Total for townships.......... 29,922} 29,902) 
| Total for townships.......... 16,877 
DERM ES ais og Clonal & a's tse Wr 2,685) 2,552 | 
MERE CH ELI Ea oh ol vo wae he eee 2,205 2, iad OP ATHCUULEMIS, Br hai ds hee e 3,700} 
IOs OPO Se. hoc. ho «ss Qe shaman | $,273} 3,273 | pnelburierns Pods. eee eee Vitae LES 
TSG Aiea Cay C0 genni a ee ne Pa a 604 601 I 
| Total for town and village.... 4,868 
Total for towns and village .. 8,767 8,625 
| | LINCOLN : 

WELLINGTON : is CAIStORE! 2, oe. eam eee Rr ona ela oes 1,672 
Valg dats SEPe Coe erage ove Et) So DLO FM os 000. bar AIM OOM tides svete iy follies 1,898 
HUEAINUSA EAs ate inte tite as | 2,473 2, TOV |) Gamsporough aera vo es 2,481 
IPED ere aes cha wae Oe eis 3,339 3,633 Granta hata aceon ota 1,794 
CPATALLAX OV on. ea 5 oleae eae | 2,718 2ULGHUM Grimsby a INV tc seats keke 1,165 
Guelpiet in ses ese ee M2 DGS AT O07 CATMBD Ys hs. sds Peed ok Saree | 1,346| 
EQUGD ET SAV, genet che ctansiaty «bl Ree 1,899 2, U4 Fil eIOU LAM tics Se Pe ene e oe ace 1,753} 
Maryborone hn ti.o2n8. ere cee ok 3,015 3,033 | Nis Palace ihe Rikins bok kee 1,791 
DIINTO CLEA ter, so eae ie eee eae 3,090 3,160 | 
Dieholoes foc wece onus ons eee 1,979| 1,965]! Total for townships......... 13,900 
POU Cece Pocee conte cate 4,143 4,213}| 
Pilkington. vy ls... 1,411 1,406 | NUAGATA coc eeeve Satire anna etal ais | 1,307 
| BET ELVEN ipscha cot ee I ps SE 3,459 3, dbae BBeameavillany yey eee gcd esis 926 

imeiGrimeby yen acs ee re es 938 
Total for townships.......... 32,976; 33,478 | Merritton ws .te. <es er Mara ae | 1,596 
Port: Dalhousie’. (ic... S eee 1,010 
DAGUTUREGII NN. siclae 0 320.2 os he as oe 1,806 1,655; 
ML OUNESE OT GSU ince shya « teem x st one ore = 2,440 2,437 Total for town and villages .. set 
MET SLORM oat (eh ata ak base 1,983 1,968 
PA TONITE Me Lae ale are 'onls vices 1,290 1,219 
ROUT OV UD tric ev ates c)s con Mak ine vase 618 614|| WENTWORTH : 
APPA VEO ylrstle eas Kars Ostet 845 (LO Ror A RGAStOD 2c. Hees ache lows wok S% | 4,073 
ED MA Ee hae rive ANS = de ga 1,273 LOOM EBarton, ayo dt. hdeee tod wir Uae 3,477 
POL se tania tas ee hice ee Sisiakea Wee & 510 489| tetbeverlyst: 2h oa. tye cece ee 4,308 
Sr Us ate atiak ma. te Ads: 2 1,621 AOOM tes st DrOUK hv yad cee aah + eta | 1,443 
Hlambporough. Wwe. o.oo aes mee 2,532 
Total for towns and villages..| 12,386] 12,015|| Flamborough, W.............. 2,881 
Cr lantorde gy s Vets wast cw eter | 1,530 

WATERLOO: pmalitieateve bot eee 2,578 

PasuMiries WN so7 5. cweae de eet 2,258 2,424| 
WV ARGLIOO’, « alins accede unmet 6,970' 6,953 Total for townships.......... 22,822 
NV CIT OBLGY Sees. s scl scanst he Merete acionas 5,007 5,000 | 
BNAUINOL Meese oe aytic sha trete ot nee 5,306 DeBSs I, DPUNdas™ > Tea wiles we «domme nie & 2,979: 
PVOOLMICH: 2 i euwcnalhn Se 2 Caan 4,433 AMATO Waterdown. liv cue. cece en ts jee 

Total for townships.......... 23,974 fl Total for town and village 3,677 | 
SEI OM een dey F fess deh de ed let he 1 st40 7,565 | | 
Er hs Pee MRED i oe Pra 7,420 7,220 LianON ; 

WCEP LUGE ibs sods bath arses nie 0 3,227 | 2087 HiSQUGSING S rn hitann Seer sees 3,790 
VER te Al Sep eis dan oe eS. 853 943! | Nassagaweya .....°..... sseee 2,580 
Pura oat ees e lene 1,081 OOF re Nolan vieae Jeti SE oe 2,845] 
ARTES A. Ls. eo ancien, « sa tknin Oe 1,851 1,669 eed vatalpar. soa Peis cae ake ee 3,677) 

UN POW ELAIM DUPE Ss. e's Soles ass 1,169 1,150 | | 
BADMBLOLIAME Atha e Anat N tS tats «cactus: 2,017 1,869 Total for townships..... .... 12,899] 
Total for towns and villages..| 25,346}; 24,500 | AL ELLOT aN Mave ee a «cae Nagi chat 5, the 1,360! 
CREVUL CRE Steed diol 8:13 Soret Va noth 1,689 

DUFFERIN : ABtOn eG cmbis iw tls qoeetiny sda bts 1,265 
Je EOE ES en i ee A 2,623 2,695 | Birlingtone ys dec. sia yrecwaces a | 1,268 
ASAT AITARA ATG ec oe 2 oe bes 2,001 LOS bie te OOreetown yin... cda/oaion « 1,448 
PAthGrel 4 note cates wx! he es | D294) 1 9174 
PEPlanCthOre Volts tec ka ee 3,624 3290 Total for towns and villages. , 7,080 


* Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


39 


ie Sinan from reburn of 1893. 


1896. 


1894. 


3,404 
3,123 


16,667 


3,600 
1,157 


4,757 


1,671 
1,946 
9,391 
1,821 
1,108 
1,315 
1,708 
1,824 


13,784 


1,136 
830 
898 

1,537 

1,084 


5,435 


3,954 
3,498 
4,412 
1,506 
2,506 
2,879 
1,526 
2,545 


22,826 


3,042 
692 


3,734 


5,887 
2,565 
2,793 
3,674 


12,919 


1,400 
1,598 
1,246 
1,169 
1,401 


6,814 


99° Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


TABLE V.—POPULATION.-—Continued. 


| 
ed eee eau 
Municipalities. | 1895. | 1894 Municipalities. | 1895, ee 1894. 
PEEL: | | ONTARIO.— Continued. | | 
PAL DON ret tele ah cata ha oh ctcls ase | 2,798 DAVE Port Perry iicc ne accents atone a 1,550 1,558 
Caledon pes Fag es ah, a aaate re seat 4,039 4,072 , | 
CIN GWACOUBY. wwe soeid ooh paws at 4,180} 4,157 | Total for towns and villages. | 11,927} 12,085. 
OFONEG (RHO sot iat aoe one a 5,176 5,249 
Toronto Gores & ata ss aus eee L107 1 155 eet : es | nee Bee 
BLCWIIGN Ue. aeteleeleraneaiens 5 Sd ; ; 
Total for townships ......... 17,306| ttl Cavaik uk sa wats seh etapa eee | 2,801 2,798 
Pipe Olay ke te ciean'3 chee tle de rela 4,245 4,256 
BT UNUDLOM, fails ds scot katp tte d ats 3,030 Bo, O80uwaiJarlington), 3s. wesc etna ake 4,488] 4,370 
BOlbon y Weert he ees hates | 687 6821 iPlope valdsi | jks bee ne ee 8,712 3,840 
pinéetsville ti canes kat x 672 GOO ie Manvers ..3% 5.4. cs saa idae ome 3,357 3,186 
Total for town and villages . 4,389] 300 Total for townships.......... | 20,511| 20,345 
YORK: | | | Bow mantle os awd s nec s ele unrats | ret eas 
SO ICO es sia are nis ote 3,607 OOOO PROT LLG 0... saw seseueneiow rare ; 
Georgina .. RIA iy ae | 1639 re eee De Uist olcakee a area A | 881 ae 
Gwillimbury, Lita CUE 2,880 3,153 Sweastle: i. . Vsithcs. wees ee p 
Gwillimbury, INS Ces ee iki aie aoe 1,375 1523 ; | 
Rani at emetie ser ow re ke? i ete 5,251 more Total for towns and villages. . 917. 4| 9,309 
Marna Veen ek es eth es 5,199 5,055 
DSCArMOrOUgN te ace’ ria sais aoe | 3,816] 3,712 a ORTHUMBERLAND : 
Wiaphan Ge to iar ae ee | 4,636 17980) AI WAG Rae csc Aaveiens ee hk ates | 1,033| 1,055 
WihitGhurch > Oa cia ch cen ons SR Eda inh aA | Brighton ts costte eae ee 2,820) 2,698 
VOre ener e. Aas C9 Tanks ray eget 8,018 8/200) se COramahGin. cf. lens: wee eta see | 2,712 2,767 
| | Flaldimand 2, conde sree 4,190 4,208 
Total for townships.......... | 10,215 40746115 Hamilton ii... oh os wate ee 3 | 4,225 4,250 
| Mionaghan. Saunier ores 1,035} 1,034 
PANT OTe fete ance OMe alone | 1,729 LOS iMoney nde. eaun aap Sots siaee oe | 2,818]  *2,875 
Newmarket ...... Ab, OE Ar , 2,027 2,081 | toh eh Apts. Pir We OIE ick aye Sia 3,119 3,216 
VOTER LOT ONEO. « «ciieisibie Ngo eons | 1639] 121.646) be Seymour...) <.-=h eg dae ele ta 2 3,195 2,954 
Poronto SUNCHOW 24.06. ves ness 4,434 a) | 
EUIAS UT OLONCO Su. heh) esc ate sions | 1,125 1,172 Total for townships.......... | 25,147| 25,057 
Holland; Landing); . 34. <2 .4: 455 OBE 
EAS ATE iP he yk Mera, Sale ae ee i 1,061 1,085||_) Cobourg ......0:- 01220000. | 4,267 4,312 
BLIC OMANI ATs, doin vemhaceeisien ec | 719 688 | Brightomit Meus Ue, eater taehoe 1,434 1,340 
foul ville MArs aekctaseh sek eae | 1,300 L2sliseCampbellford. we, 5. <i). escent ne | 2,255 2,325 
ee EA et en aha 640 a4 | Satire: ay Mie te RARE AS ie 8 ate a 
GBLON Mie a. teen Ane ea eee 1,243 1,250 AStINGES,- oath se alge eee 
Wioodbrdpe in. 2a sna Yes owns | 760 foo | 
| | Total for town and villages . | 9,698 9,677 
Total for towns and villages..| 17,132] 17,073 | 
Prince Epwarp: | 
ONTARIO ; | A melas burg.) isn aod ret ae: 3,079 2,937 
POC We etn hat 2 tat aacate this | 3,612 SOAD EAT DOE await coaht hon ase aie acetiens | 1,186 1,219 
ee Be Pa no here ce ee eee 3,004 3,006 | as Scar arae sialetote eaten : ee 7 an 
IGKOMIN Gael os tar aie eee Se 5,424 5,482 WLS Nees "eterna nissan | 4 
Ramah ey) i ck Bay ees | 1,340 ie) Marysburg, N .........0e000e5 1320) 1,424 
Seay i SS A ae | 3,818 tes ey PU rere GU ut late sree | 1 a a 
COUGHS ae ls wetlae aha ede « 2,225 2,193 OphiasoUure he. we wears iid saudi Oe : 
GUIs Mea erate ett. Same he | 509 534 | : | Z 
oe oR en? Aad | 1,449] 1,338 Total for townships.......... 13,640] 13,808 
ROTI Cee area he svcdrerd Pen 2,853 2,830 | 
Whitby, E... NS) Oba Me eben | 2,666 DAGON CRO Bites. rule ese thece crate te toaaeye2e 3,612 3,246 
VLE Ly ean s Mie ey h Lycee a 5 | 2,315 DOT [one WEIN LOM te... fe sc ecjeansenl ole ated ees 491 501 
Total for townships...... ates | ior rine | Total for town and village.... | 4,008| 3,747 
OBNAW Fy het ik eR rik ih cape 3,971 4, ell oaaele AND ADDINGTON: | 
OPO O CPM ce Meee a ee 1,954 1,944 Adolphustown eco ote ccs ek eae « 548 561 
Le Fe airgap se Mg Dare BAe | 2,585 2, at Amherst leet ope Seeger | A ee \ Be 
CAVCEEON Se eee dais ots ere : (OH 813) i? Canadien: haar ty cree cislasee ore 9: 
CANNAINGHOM I, ties oh een eras | aire oat Denbigh Pere ican sje an Nears | iss 955 


* Taken from return of 1893. 


40) 


! 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 
TABLE V.—POPULATION.—Continued. 
eel : 
Municipalities, | 1895. | 1894. "| Municipalities. | 1895 1894 

LENNOX AND ADDINGTON. —Con. ee | GRENVILLE. --Continued. | 
CSCO WIN se ocho e Woafeye wes cress 3,346 2,711 | Oxford/on Rideau. *if.2. 0.2. 3,048 2,963 
Fredericksburg, N ............ | 493| \ ere WY GLP Orel a, es Be water ede race tats 1,814 1,879 
Fredericksburg, S ............ | 1,036 1,075 
Kaladar, Anglesea, etc ........ | 1,124 1,116} Total for townships ......... 12,967; 13,133 
BETOUIEHS IAC Fes arts ee aicie 5 he eee 2,205 2,615 
Deiiely ts. eel es Loe | 2 ‘O41 2,061! t eee PONS. Lea ae ta ee Oe Renee 2 a : oe 

ardinal .2.... Bh 2 ie RR a eas 9 98 
Total for townships Li 459 17 sal Kemptvilletct sere) eens ate 1,206 1261 
Mierrickvilleiasicee ne each oe 1,046 1,/ 25 
WN BDUTECO aie So Cs RGA eee aes 3,053| 2,991 
PRAGH aeetin Fack vod Neste oe ts Hi treget ste 437 | Total for town and villages . 6,065} 6,200 
New DUrp. oe Seiten ass aoe sme ets 608 578 5 
UNDAS: 
Total for town and villages .. 4,098! 4,021| ES a6 EO ar dio eon iia ea tecka 3,722) 3,890 
1 Mountain $0.52 4.) oa ws SS 2,814 2,855 

FRONTENAC: Wilhamsbuyree cs coe is cece es : 3,705 3,651 
BSALEL Ge astene gts vs isis ciate g oe ees 638 ell Winchester: .eacc he vies yess 3,310; 3,254 
TSOCTOTO sae ca iee ace tei niet: eee 1,586 1,561 
Clarendon and Miller .......... | "807 | Total for townships. ...... 13,551! 13,650 
Hinchinbroaoké:2i0s0) 2 os ae | 1,218 1,233 
FENG Palate GR eee okie ts 270 ‘ Sat peesria le Baer os ioe aire Wha ; i ‘ ae 

STUMODEC) ees cee a et cee ae 1,233 FOQ UO £5 05 ie ca othe ods Fis ) 
Kingetoneee, 2 iif on eae | 2.994} 2, al Morrisburg...........ccsceeees 1,736} 1,639 
eughborongh We..22 ne nl hee 3 | 1,687 S27G64t) WV nchester y. ei eeecie eee ses 6 954 952 
PUIGOI eee MA tle eet Pome 931 962 
EASON ate ee opt ae fe Sel: Sethi sie | 1,059 ial Total for villages ............ 4,574 4,477 
Seni) and Canonto .. ... 972 ; eel 

TLERDNIES Gores pce Slee ena 2,379 A 
Portlancity a errs ek aye | 2,045] 2,058)! § STORMONT : 

Biorb wen BNC ie Sepa | 1,768 1,873 Sa WAS. as lee eee he snes 5, reel 

OFC BIANC Sai trae dp Acceute rca 1,474 ING cere ears Maen ee ,98 . 

| : Oariabri clei tertua eh ie Aaee ne 4,574 4,623 

Total for townships.......... DT OGL 21110] en BOXDOFOUSI fours ohne sec base at gas ane 4,207 
Gardentlaland ss); tyeetiee ack | 369 sll Total for townships ........ 17,081; 17,280 
eOrsamoutiias, fo echt tk naeees | 729 834 is ‘ et aa 

BEBO a Fe ea oe oe hoe ee ; ; 
Total-for villages ............ 1,098 aall 
e | | § GLENGARRY : 

LEEDS: Charlottenburg ...... seiae a Sehe 5,126 4,743 
Bastard and Burgess .......... 9,713 VSO | PIS OM VON craigs ake vis aaestas wT! nie ah 4,301 3,809 
SY ORD YScIN eo wicca «bis ee ee | 1,526 1,645 | liancasteMe-cackctte cco eles 3,558 3,465 
VOSDY cay We oe ta ee aoe an Eines iat 1,739 PiOGDIB ES eke seek Ae Ch tale als }4,495 4,495 
Elizabethtown 4... 2.50.45 6-64 3,884 3,990 i 
DOAN TCI lel s ne pd ape Gr a aa rae 785 796 Tota] for townships... ....... 17,480] 15,512 
OVO Vira cote. Gane Retina t fea | 1,961 1,936 | 
Leeds and Lansdowne, Front... 2,960 S120" wAlexanGrign soy cahsn osere lear ears 1,589 1,460 
ane and Lansdowne, Rear... ‘| 2,189 Brat | Wee Bes il ts eaten Yh 3 re ae on 

onge and Escott, Front ...... 2,414 2, Wea xvillone Mirae) eee Net 4 
Yonge and Escott, Rear ..... | ai 204 1,202) | Prem: a at Lae 

otal for villages -2..25.. «>. } ste 

Total for townships.......... | 21,363] 21 sal 

RESCOTT : 
EE ROURUULE oa Bans satus ts ok Peet. 9,134 8,631 ETO ME rom Sie ONGS 5 oo Ee td DS Sie 3,137 3,110 
LITE LOGUE. Onkis o erie's stall shea «7 | aM 619 3,580 Caledonia? Sctsactiae yaw te 1,701 1,694 
PR ITULS cs eh ere cata eee 865 818 | Hawkesbury, His). ..5. 20. 4,989 4,973 
I eeOTO (2, inte fad ew eae 439 396|| Hawkesbury, W ....../....... 2,476 2,56 
| | | Lionetienih teens casas as 973 920 
Total for towns and villages..| 14,057} 18,425|| Plantagenet, N............. .. 3,677 3,518 
|| Plantagenet, S ..........0-.06- 2,965 2,865 

+ GRENVILLE: | 
PANG tes ee Oo cant ties din evs | 3,587 3,765 Total for townships......... 19,918} 19,636 
WO WartisOUrerionc deca ses cer sh 3,750 3,708) | 
CROWEILSS | oa ee ot te bine a | re eal * Haw kKegOUr yin wesc, van ee nee 2,067 2,079 


*Separated from county for municipal purposes. tUnited with Leeds for municipal purposes. 
arated from county for municipal purposes. United to Dundas for municipal purposes. 
1894 used, as clerk says 1895 figures are inaccurate. {/Becomes a town in 1896. 


41 


{ Sep 
Figures for 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


TasLE V.—POPULATION.— Continued. 


*United to Prescott for municipal purposes. 


Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


4? 


2,564 
1,661 
71 
1,947 
730| 
1,949 
1,054 
1,726 
630 
2,088 
1,832 
2,182 
912 


2,109 


2.948 
4,310 
3,160 
4,242 

852 


ae 


| 
Municipalities. 1895. 1894 Municipalities. 
Prescorr.— Continued. | || RENFREW. —Continued. 
OPIS AL AME 6 ec Beetle tine brat 966 SO he ed POE SiN a eee alae ea tias 
| | Bemis roke <. sive te eae vee PE SY 
Total for villages ............ 3,033 DeOOn| | LVCIU TOW 1s Te erekesini ie ete otter winters A 
Mpanvilles avon sn see ete aes 
*RUSSELL : ; 
Cambridge Rick jas <i ong ee ls fin as | 2,608) 2,633 Total for towns and village . | 12,341 
WiInrenee say ve cue ec ee 4,532 4,295 
Cumberland ...3 i cccscccse eee | 3,609] 3,899] | LANARK: 
seed a Oe cca he ciae eieees 2,9 | 2,787 Batharst..:.4 1) a ene 
Beckwithi_ osc. eedaaee eee. 
Total for townships.......... | 13,693] 13,614 Burgess (Nits 4. uc aka eee 
| Dalhousie and Sherbrooke N .. 
ATASHO LAD tbyts sil oe orkra, ale ate en 795 POD a Darling A awl her pcs eee 
Ppoek landed. Geiss te Yak ees 1,540 L222 Dramimond:ikid. . Wis cetera cs 
tiviodclmsley IN). <doce ance sere ee 
Total for villages ............ | DB, Sabr se OSG Lanarie’ wy. oN tnt oe meats e 
DiAVANGG Us tales lune Noabeteee 
CARLETON : | ING ONtAD IO Wi. ck be mica cee eee 
BIEZTOY Vee oe tee oe Be ake wa 2,578 2: 50OMmPalcenhatm 0... sh ceeene oe 
Pr IMUGESEAL Feieainds sco 2 ae cl clea c £5, S471 FO, S47 alot eeATOSA a ge. he tes) Ale Pe eae 
Groul boven hd riertr cde 56 vote a’ 2,484 2.460] Sherbrooke.) cee. 132 eee eon 
CO WORM IN ite alte erat ts ch eis 2,190 2,133 
never cre eG ale Soe ee 2,152 2,178! Total for townships........ 
LAT CHAN. ol boat ie sc ical a nae 1,108 1,120) 
Wariboroueh oon 1462] 1.479 | ADO rt ok Se een sae 
Nepean ii feces e ae ashisais'e cee 4,341 4 2A OC OTLObGN SP LACR MS aus. ws scaton trans 
OsPoode lsat cites” sven ers 4,320 ASSBal AE CT Ees aed a ee oe ee 
EDOPDOLGOM Wate et fcuk ak dicbecste 930 DIOGO Siete SA GLLSy tic terete ee Seen 
ianarkey? qiccsce uel cates Meee 
Total for townships.......... 27,412] 27,305 | 
Total for towns and village .. 
PAIBCONOUL PACK Mince eka sth, 1,927 1,743 
Ottawa Bast. ss oe a ovina ascabe 787 742|| VICTORIA : 
PRACUITINDIA CE H Aices nie he ahr das Ih pie eae 357 BOS My DOXLOY iaice- tpi sci oom canes ne 
Carden sy. iiteueae vege: cane 
Total for villages ............ S071) & W2iS43 rae altonainc, 122 nee ene ere 
f GRO Ca) sens Sn NR eR HO a gk 
RENFREW : Hath y ioe wa ld ce cone ree ee 
PASI a AON veh Gai ck ek ec ie ee 2,098 2/250 EW enelon se jant okt s.n Se ae ae a ae 
PNUPON aaa at nsacetia ih cane elee 829 831}: Laxton, Digby and Longford .. 
Alice and Fraser .)............ 1,764 1,744 ing Mariposa. JF. oa his.t eee eee oe 
Bagot ani Blithefield.......... 1,438 TOT 2 ADS A ce ame ¢ onc ona e Pee ae 
1 oFaap en Eline Sit epee Beker be tpt > ewe 1,816 1, (S0})'s; Somerville! .g Sac. sae tes 
Brougham Yessy. dates gay ee ers 536 522) soVerulamis sadue  aeen seein eee 
Brudenell and Lynedoch ...... Late 1,307 
Sra tha ti wae. Bale Uncles sch ces oe 1,464 1,557 Total for townships -.. ..... 
Griffith and Matawatchan ..... 718 680 
Hagarty, Jones, etc............ 2,205 ZEOD2 Vie PANGS Ute ge ios rt ett hee te 
Head, Clara and Maria........ 406 A410) Bobcaygeon .. 2.0 26.4, oe. OF. 
ELORCOD ee coy erie piv as eMs, 5 1,361 1,341 Fenelon Falls.......... eet R 3 
MGN S beige Sekt akan camia 3,470 3,388|| Omemee.... 4 
Pembroke Meee mo ecte ees oi Sek | 725 G75): aWioodvillers ce my ee ee 
Petew awa sd te ew. cw ile oe bes 864 896 
Radcliffe and Raglan .......... | 996 1,001 Total for town and villages .. 
Rolph, Buchanan and eee . | 867 S17 | 
RUGRa ee ak Meine ee ok tee 2,702 2,587 || PETERBOROUGH : 
Sebastopol . Hehe Mes Ba ss wren ne hs 690 677 AsphodelisMigaits weed hiss 
Shaflordgicc.. as. sees ete ee 1,018! 1,007!| Belmont and Methuen .... .... 
Westmeath 5. 220750 a tee OREN 3,026 3,094|| Burleigh and Anstruther .... .. 
Wilberforce and Algona, N .... 2,249 BY 146 | Cha mdaaie ge fee ceer ren fs eet 
| Dota. eeete foe con keane 
Total for townships ... cas SE,988)i| + SUM IN Ohne sa Walten arate ade ite 


11,642 


2,533 
1,695 
884 
1,918 
712 
1,894 
1,038 
1,740 
607 
1,877 
1,814 
2,164 
818 


19,694 


2,904 
4,298 
3, 111 
4,222 

788 


15,323 


762 
713 
519 
2,647 
2,189 
2,328 
759 
3,850 
2,451 


+Figures for 1894, as assessor’s for 1895 are incomplete. 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


TaBLE V.—POPULATION.—Continued. 


Municipalities. 


PETERBOROUGH. —Oontinued. 
PPIMEINGLO oe Wels ees ack anes « 
Galway and Cavendish 
BVO V a resets hie osiveinle a oak Na cate 
Monaghan N 
Otonabee 
Smith .. 


eeereteee 


Pde wooo es esse nesee 
eeoee ees eee ere eee eee ee 


Total for townships.....,.... 


+Peterborough...... Fr Gane ane eae 
Ashburnham 
HL AVGLORIY ve is ott «ciate mas hones 
MEAICOHOLG Gee Sec lcret Neiteks wee te 
Norwood ..... Tate So ana cece eeae? 


Rise eyale “ie > | kt « Weer e 8 « 


Total for town and villages .. 


(HALIBURTON : 
Anson and Hindon 
Cardift 
Dy year tial ite xs on gee oO < dina * 
EFIBIDOT AN) Shh a tard ass wae ats 
Lutterworth 
Minden 


soe ee et eee 


eeeer ese ese eee e cee eee 


eee es ee ee be eo ee oe 
oe eee ee weer eee eee ese re 
eC 


Snowdon 


eevee r reese eee o- eee ew 


Total for townships.......... 


Mastines : 
Bangor, Wicklow and McClure. 
BRAM toss cta alates oss Dem oe «a's 
Dungannon .. 

Elzevir and Grimsthorpe 
PACA eM sey nites cates 
PLuripertord to 7 Seis. ech 
Huntingdon . 
Limerick 
UC ALOSE TT creo ese ike Orie Lik thee 
Marmora and Lake 
OE Rae Pe hs he te te eke vc hie eae 
Monteagle and Herschel ... 

Rawdon 


Ce 


eeeeee 


eeeeve Bi seeres 


corer eee toe 


eoeersee es see erserearee 
Ce a | 


eeoeesese ee eereeere 


Tyendinaga , 
Wollaston 


coerce ewe eee eee ee ee ee 


TO a) M006 6) O78. 's) 4) 048 ee 6 ae a) oe 
eee ee eee ee Cee ei tere ree 
Ce ee} 

eee es eoe 


cere eee ee eee 


Total for towns and villages. . 


“MUSKOKA: 
Brunel 


Cd 


ee ee eee ew © Oe he eee es 


*Figures for 1894 used as 1895 are inaccurate. 


18,578 
10,835 


15,474 


274 
596) 


798 
889 


9, m 


725 
420 


A. 1896 

1895. | 1894, 
1111 869 
892] 1,085 
749 724 
715 691 
1,009 960 
1 780 
902 787 
624 580 
354 379 
BBS 523 
1,016 945 
618 542 
ml 841 
ae 10,737 
1,880] 1,765 
1,865] 1,836 
1,514] 1,477 
5,259) 5,078 
940 920 
612 583 
332 247 
491 413 
513 513 
204! 214 
1,367| 1,215 
547 546 
267 306 
339 299 
605 619 
694 692 
891 706 
544 288 
1,256] 1,150 
639 641 
a78 556 
10,916] 9,908 
1,853| 1.787 
585 535 
cae 395 
2868 2,717 
1,281| 1,287 
459 417 
492 401 
87 108 
512 600 
625 748 
231 2265 
624 401 
1,215] 1,108 
417 392 
5,943} 5,627 


1894 Municipalities. 
MUSKOKA. — Continued | 
SOLU Chaltey tet attie tags obs tae te 
GSO" WIMOTAPOR s Gukaneayathacte de aa dt a kea | 
1,001!) McLean and Ridout.... ...... 
26th, Macaulay’ oc. sotusbtade bac cake «ets 
3,302;| Medora and Wood ............ 
ZOOL me VLONCK Noone foe Bais winieks mance 
Morrison’ ones ose aes an 
PSeaioy o Whuskoke er tau? egees eke ascen 
(is Oakley ved tara: Ae ate aioe 
£0,668] FRY hei tere in oe aes eae purer 
15 G59)) Stephenson c/o dh esate See 
eZ LOM” tinted ie ce eie sheer had cree 
1,040 | Witt Bo as eae kes aie a 8 ale 
709)! 
. Total for townships.......... | 
15,346 
Te ARCOPLAUES iatg situa vanes cls ot arate 
GFA VERNUTSE as Pe is nw ek 8 oe 
DOOM SEL UNCSV LUO A ae fein cassie oiei site Ose 
567 
975 Total for towns and village.. | 
518 
426||ParRy SOUND 
ASAD AOU Ly Pitt nia weiss Se athe eiais slav0 
BQ ge ChAapMat: jou tie re edie coeieesce 
SOT Christigzey sso... 02% aa saay ane aes 
BSOUN  Woley Wats. doses e 5 ete an dae « 
| Harermany (chs acserssteresetncrays 
DATOS ELUMSsWOrtht Nae chante aes Bones 
Himsworth §........ PN ecole 7 OP 
PTiMipnreye oe jc le a caadle aeowaie 
SAE ae OL Ge Be aieia alors Ub eteva ai siste a iuls alate 
DISH «Me Dougall sre pance nals 5 ais aie 
748)\" MoKellars .2) Soe scae os oom oes 
O39) NI CM rrighiie can sia cs state res | 
FOS EN aches is ate psa alerk oe o's 
AO Ti eeINI DIGBINE vale oleic mgt at cte-alate wvhe tes 
2,307 | Perrys cere soe fire ena 
DOSY Riyersone 1.50 h.cb ee vides wisterelsh Da 
2,548} | Strom er ccue eu ok te tae eee 
1,951 
417 | Total for townships ........ 
1,452 
3,271 | POST Yl SOWING ia giclee ators ls 5 Berela ahs 
4 O046tis Burk’s) Walle nc. he a ashes eae eats 
ASOT SUGATIORG Vem carbe cs leg a nett 
788 
3,709 Total for town and villages .. 
itl | 
35, oes NIPISSING : 
Bontield Wirtecsyos «aca eee | 
BOT Caldwell cl sean wan ote s ond aes 
3 GG2 Cal vitl iet.cawsc ert ale Sava de oe ats | 
TORT Cameron: yoae iad tte ee oe 
FPO OLTAGRS recline tre so ais he wo Yee 6 
SOON WLGICUNIN He cowie Gun hates pete aes 
| ING SGEA WAT, edhe Made sina we « 
LOGI + PapING Atlan. sien facet ole ata ors ort | 
POM Ory wea see vote te takes ak 
ai ATTA Ce Ca Whe loi C8 Deluge eee | 
ee | Total for townships........ . | 


43 


+Separated from county for municipal purposes. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


TaBLE V.—POPULATION. — Concluded. 


Municipalities. | 1895, | 1894. 


Metin SOC LE Re 1,800 1 70) Sault Ste. Marie ...........05. 
UTTER Ys, ae odes clneae s) oralsiaeaes 2,168 DOL TRESsAalonin css a wicietle uke aici acne 
PidD ID eeu nie as a 1,417| PAE ae 
otal for tOWN8 7.03 oss. set eae 
Total for towns.............. | 5,376 5,55 xs 
HUNDER Bay: 

MANITOULIN : | Neebmg ice onc nein erin ere 
AssIgINACKS |. h. kc cae cue eee 1,040 1-064) Oliver (i. cg epee ules eats aaa noe 
Bing pee ceo. eee le ene : 329 O75) mr SHULIAL tte hl eeae ce tne men eine 
IDUrPOGu wero chien stents 193 134 
Carnarvon, on, octet mes eas | 533 669 | Total for townships.......... 
Cockburn Island #27." cts ee LOG 141 
ChOTGOM I Hen SS Saye Scere cee sis 700 G60} Port WV tla Oe eee ee ee ee 
Howland {oo sae nen eee 840 STOEL OTe Ate <0 eels elec eae ne 
Nop stebitalhe bah Poiibe ss ie og ht tage hha: 239 263 
Tehkumimah ps sreoe eet. aoe ee: 389| 361 Total for tOWnS oi ..40) sases tee 

Total for townships.......... | 4,418| 4, snl Rant River : 
OLUON Pye: heaters Ratios 
COLCA Reeve ataratmtaes ak. Tiles oe | 520 B50 Keewatin (acs. 5 ooh on Seales 
Little Current ccs cscceccseys 546 700 
| | . Total for townships.......... 
Total JOvtOWNS.sds we dee esis * | 1,066 1,059) i 
UP OTLADE es Sot he Ree caterelie eis 

ALGOMA: | 

Baltour ta veuiaten iis cts > & tiers | 480 3971 CITIES : 
Taney Denison and Graham .. 239 170 ete een Be ee ee 
PALATINE cess wicte! cera! a COG a tates tae 464 432 rantfor Lant) Poca. wee 
PLATO RES CEG eerie itch « oo | 300 502,| Chatham (Kent) .............. 
Tie ON atk Limee Wh atice tectaet. Manure | 395 325|| Guelph (Wellington) .......... 
4 oe and Darbutbemacsa cs). 553 568 ae Gr cae Meh Aer re 
IPAM ey N Neots Sty tcc e ae 259 253 ingston (Frontenac).......... 
Macdonald and Meredith ...... | 413 295 | London (Middlesex) .......... 
Aone ACCIPION Sey. xe cia 545 516 | Bt Ontliatnee the ae 5 Cert Meets 
WY SICEIMs ck ehedehs say eae cd tie os 468 415 t. Catharines incoln)\ 2... 
Ube ORCI a eat ee Pat. G, «dionee 797 698|| St. Thomas (Elgin) ............ 
Salter, May and 116 .......... 653 522)\ stratford (Perth) “..........000 
Sault Ste. Marie .............. 500 387|| Toronto (York)........¢.:c.000. 
Mihosnalony: «Pests ae sehen ce cd ohh 463 483|| Windsor (Essex) .............. 
| 
Total for townships.......... | oid Pee Totalifor cities... «ste cokes 
44, 


| 355 388 , 


| ey 4,954 


| se7) 58 
| 2,969 3,182 


10,318 10,117 

| 16,314] 15,677 
9,019} 8,713 
10,716] 10,495 


176, 858 174, 309 
11,549] 11,468 


| 
| phi 408,810 


A. 1896 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


© 


59 Victoria. 


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019°E% 1206 6LL°CS | SEb°GS 818°8s 998 BZ SIF Go 60012 18616 | 99°18 vou" ""* uojsuIppy pue xoaue'T 
SSL‘ST GE9'LT SLrLT | 828‘2T 086°LT TFG‘LT StS ‘91 196 ‘91 CGT | §F9 LT en eg ce AR 
LOT‘L€ GOP ‘98 86698 931'98 G86 G8 F098 006 9s $82 96 FEL bs GhS "bs eae Mee ed eich et 
G68'ZS 16888 683'6S 9LL'18 82018 GL8 ‘08 069'08 89108 49°62 G89 66 Rate Ane pete RL SLT S 
Chl GF C10'Gb LLL Sh 689'h 000‘SF 116 ‘GF | 969 LF 698 OF 18L'0F GPL TF eg eg ape ge nO WELLES 
9F6 FLT LgCC8T 98L FET GL9'16 8LL°16e 808 ‘966 189 962 918'F6e 8ZL "BZ 80'F8% een a ir ie gee 
T99"E@ SFP es GL6 6S 9bL°Go GBF GS O8T 2% L182 8F8'1C 6LL°12 689 18 fonieintes eres eee we 1! 
610‘TS 002 ‘0G 116 “0G 6501S 069 “0G 802 ‘02 GFE 06 169‘02 seL‘6l G66 6L SP pre eats Seat ‘poe Sees UORTe 
102 ‘TL 8Z6‘TL S8T ‘el | 182°e2 GST FL LPT 'G2 6192 Tes "FL T¥0‘GL G08 ‘GL Chr Gh. hie tees hates tere EROS OT 
980‘0$ $1008 010‘0$ 9&8 ‘63 6906 968 °8Z 98E 82 103°86 TF8‘8z 628 ‘6 Ce ilies, oy ree eee EAL OSUTET 
909 ‘61 009 ‘02 Gas IZ GGG ‘TZ 980‘TS 68106 609 61 18902 OPTS CPL TS contre Donn sade tegen PORE 
0‘GP G80 OF | GOP ‘LF LZ0‘8F 63F ‘8h 6FS'8F 9g Lb 100 “LF 129‘8¢ 068°6F “et og erate aS AE ee ON EA, 
960'6¢ 996'8g G18 ‘Lg 99F'9¢ 08L‘9¢ L10°9¢ 696 FS 609 GG | 886 "CG 820°9¢ See iat: utes" Wogsaryye Mw 
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52 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


ASSESSMENT ROLL-STEAM BOILERS, 


TasuiE VII. Showing the number of steam boilers as placed on the assessment rolls in townships, 
towns, villages and cities of the Province for the years 1291, 1892, 1893, 1894 and 1895. 


1895. 1894. Total. 
ae Sd 
pen af 2 ; Log 2 ep : 
oo I 2 2 2 ao 3 1893, | 1892. | 1891, 
Ba ies S Sala s 
Ho” H & HH” <a = . 
Counties : 
LET oa be ne ea 136 59 195 147 62 209 196 204. 165 
KONG ees is. 153 80 233 168 102 270 269 247 158 
Leiner hs ee 125 44 | 169 126 41 167 160 156 | 140 
IN OTL y et eo 85D, 84 35 119 87 at 114 130 101 93 
Haldimand. ;......... 87 18 105 92 20 112 106 101 83 
Wieliandeeoe's., oy i 56 30 86 57 26 83 74 79 63 
LENA TOUS) « Peper any ee 297 207 504 ! 334 | 199 533 548 471 421 
Larne ke sane 210 104 314 199 100 299 276 289 277 
BrieGr ee ss. sd 174 86 260 153 79 232 254 237 207 
Sch 8 eee 183 67 | 240 156 52 | 208 179 | 158 153 
RIICOO Y. pone) oe ee: 222 136 358 210 139 | 349 337 312 221 
Middipsex. 2/255. 3h 08 201 66 267 178 58 236 227 232 217 
2 55 So) + say Se oi 154 (Aas 225 142 65 207 207 227 220 
Bran tay ih ok ee 58 8 66 54 8 62 49 43 | 48 
i E22) 40 MeN TE a 120 40 | 160 119 43 162 163 | 149 136 
Wellington........... 109 62 | he nee Re 60 174 169 | 162 157 
WaterloG..2. lose, 88 149 Zot 94 144 | 238 217 187 195 
Dutlerimcs eure boo: 54 23 | 77 56 23 (es) 70 69 84 
Bincolyet) sa. Sonne eer ee 32 104 69 31 | 100 83, 95 | 73 
Wentworth ......... 89 Sl 120 90 32 122 114. 112 102 
Efalhomss tae castes 44 37 Si! 46 39 | 85 79 86 87 
eel pene ae nue © 60 16 76 68 17 | 85 69 63 55 
RY Oren 24 hte deo 127 81 | 208 ee 79 | 211 189 Le 164. 
Ontaniote ch tro. 121 56 LG 107 59 166 193 162 153 
Wuhan es £55, ee “tac 59 7 on 91 60 ay 92 93 103 78 
Northumberland ..... 89 3l | 120 80 30 110 igual 88 65 
Prince Edward ....... 61 18 79 65 15 80 78 79 | 84 
Lennox and Addington 66 15 81 60 16 76 68 80 75 
Frontenac 2. f... 2.2. 69 4 io 59 4 63 60 53 | Bi 
Teena oo oN Ae 109 55 164 97 38 135 139 135 133 
Asyerwillesce) So ea. 37 30 67 37 29 66 59 60 60 
randadice ey Ciel 65 18 | 83 58 18 76 (fil 70 65 
PEGLTNGIG Ss oslo. ck. 56 31 87 57 35 92 81 76 78 
Glengarry ..... Rte 50 | 14 64 44 14 58 44 63 36 
Perescobtis deste see. 73 9 82 76 Salil 87 78 69 59 
Fvissell gett os 41 24 65 27 25 52 52 49 36 
Carleton. 2.525. 2. oe a) 44 fi i 52 6 58 52 | 39 40 
eenrrews, weet. kc: 7 52 149 92 55 147 114 101 62 
SoATANE Kor Oey ea 64 62 126 61 66 1H 105 11 Gs 89 
WAISUOTICa eet tee 54 44 98 63 38 101 101 92 47 
Peterborough,........ 49 36 85 54 35 89 90 82 &0 
Haliburton 075... 1S : 13 jal eiae Bee 13 11 5 Vf 
Hastings ............. J57 56 213 123 87 210 23 214 143 
Muskoka... 224034. <2 48 47 95 50 4] 91 58 83 40 
Parry Sound is. . 47 23 70 45 27 72 68 60 45 
NipIngiigy te ty Ghee 18 14 32 19 6 25 23 13 12 
Manitotling 3... 0.c 7. 8 7 15 11 8 19 15 16 ag 
Aigowate ... tes | 16 54 70 18 67 85 47 49 20 
Cities : | > 
Belleville es. fo ee ye ole ee ke 33 BOT oe eee 30 30 29 20 oOpee 
Brentiord.;, 7-0 <.: 4 FL a | 69 69 | Hetehen eels 78 78 73 48 39 
DALAT sree SR, cs Soa 32 32 he 72 42 30 29 20 
AIRED hs ys hae bare ES 35 SDS vein Ss 30 30 31 29 28 
Aer mnt Ries fae wr ato 225 P15 a ee 528 528 201 202 182 
EtMOREGtiee. 0; ss het. 55 IE be BW) Fe | 60 60 65 59 54 
MsODU Oe PTs in ce 93 Ea IP ore | 93 93 107 ! 107 87 
OCEAW Ri. oie ee Ne olen cee 65 POM eee 60 60 54 Baye ee 
St. Catharines........ Pa 29 DOs ene ak 30 30 | 30 | 22 25 
rs ished Wife) eet RRR US es ogee 7 tga Br Be oo 53 53 53 OT et eee ee 
AGratiorda a eee tel ek ft ext: 52 52 48 48 47 BO a een 
EOFONGO poe we i Bee Soe eee 240 DAO ee ae es 184 184 184 135 118 
Windsor nt eee mene 8 NT 13 dS Oe Oe, 14 14 15 22 20 
LOthlae ae: ache el 4,414 3,169 7,583 | 4,319 | 3,488 | 7,807 7,127 6,722 5,662 
ea AE Re 
47 


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1 Papers (No. 36). 


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59 Victoria. 


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Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


59 Victoria. 


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A. 1896 


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59 Victoria. 


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54 


A, 1896 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


69 Victoria. 


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55 


A. 1896 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


59 Victoria. 


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59 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


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A. 1896 


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59 Victoria. 


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Peon —SAILITVdiIOINOW ZOVIIIA-UINGWNELVLS IT1VIONVNIA ‘XX TIGVE 


A, 1896 


1 Papers (No. 36). 


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59 Victoria. 


— 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


SPS eS ES, Se FA 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES. 


TABLE XII. 


Showin 


an abstract statement of Receipts, Disbursements, Assets and Liabilities of the 


county municipalities of Ontario for the two years ending December 31, 1893. and 1894. 


Counties. 


1895. 
1894 


oe 


os 


soe 


1894 


ee 


oe 


oe 


1893 


1894 
1893 . 


1894 . 


eens 


oe 


ee 


oe 


wee 
eeee 
eooes 


ooe 


eee, 


ese 


eeee 


eeer 


eeee 


Diss ‘6 


eeee 


eens 


eee 


eee 
eens 


ose. 


*Tncluding $10,042 from Sinking Fund. 


8 
m d 
Ss eI 
° es 
= 
> = 
() 
3 ie 
la Om 
ile 
os Aa 
s O S$ 
Get DS os 
fC) a 2 
y Chen 
™m 
S 2 
[ae | 
G4 G4 
FQ om 
$ | 8 


1,546’ 42,796 
10,156 28,518 


6,310, 50,708 
oe AT, 750 


eoee 


8,295 40,624 
....| 8,685'34,144 
3,558 19,244 
8,283 22,070 


S68 


4,541} 15,331 
2,272 21,690 
{ 


el Shuts. 768 
| 

130 41,211 

8,118 28,737 
| 


eeee 


7,184|70,414 


7,853] 37,562 
12,761] 49,118 


194 37,110 
929 34,535 


15,719 57,215 
23,876 59,284 


57,817 80,386 
32, ge 85,714 


37, 358 51 224 
51,599 61 904 


13,862 15,862 
13,102| 15,934 


2,.525| 40,773 
6,038] 44,865 


6,537| 53,766 
7,332!59, 706 


321| 18,138 
1,602] 21,300 


1,472] 26,586 
3,467! 26,193 


see 


191! 2h.424) 


31,534) 50,400, 


| 


Licenses. 


ceoseee 


Fees, rents, tolls, fines, etc. 


I 


241 
220 


ceoee 


Receipts. 
Received from Gov- 3 
ernment for— s 
- Tee oo, a 
g 3 S Se: Saver < 
AS ov jd wm oT 
2 Aa | wen aS cae 2 
wt gf 2] no} ao g > z 5. can 
2S} oo oot Nee A = =o 
ao - 2 a + ate: ere 
“2 = ; 2P | By ett Apes Geol = 
a alee a Be eet ee is 5 
eee | 2 3 So] eS] 8 of | &8 
Br] eS} 288) oid at Ser ae le medeetieaas 
: o 
A fa | m+.) tao 2 = = 
$ ee okt SEN Gad Sete $ $ 
1349851: 3/S0b) 26,820 en, Mae ee 17,000]. ..... ! 
1,754, 73 aD 4,132 16.700) eh é 
| 
1100/8 821 23° 79810.6,7 0G one OD nee 108.555!....:. . 
1;455)5 0 4004 || 9,847) 4, 20200 183] eee 159;000}..... : 
\ 
189), 90 93. 180|0b/DItl eae ae eet 89,000] ....... 
BlOlE e195) 482181 47108), pyaar. cn 69,000]... ... ‘ 
66 ae LATTA eee 10,000) a me 
haa TGs 44) 2154 1 eee 8: OOO) sh eeeme 
Lae | 562 2,260) 2806) ise. } 90,987 ho Phe eee 
eeu 607} 2,202, 2,486]..... ree ee 
851). 17] 2:245 », 209) tats oe | 5,664)... 
T Odeo. het Mees ips te Rie bn | OB O57bs ame 
1;686/50. 2. | “Wa Ul erste gi pe ere 9°000| fens 
20ST tee. A OSA SORDIN cele Se 9,000}: swam 
1,213] 9,747| aes DO8Tl ny 30,974] *42,042]..... ; 
1:138|°. 8,877 . (5;749) 2,005), 2.4. 15;041| Seen ee ae 
956] 995] 4,788] 2,617]...... 50,00, api 
983|' 726) 4,938) 3,2871.. 1.7 32,000, 6,000|..... : 
914) = 689|° 6,868) 2,674). 50.20). o.5a: | eee 20,000 
O70) 2 2941 GAAS BB7 el 5,863". ae a 
O62 see) ROT | Aa S9L. Sey eee | 20,000'..... . 
2945) Pe hee 5,906] 4,342] ...... 7;000, 20,C00 ....... 
271| 4,108} 5,713] 6,819...... 800} §21,839  45,c00 
189 3,194] 5,£38| 6,898 ...... 1,000]........ bea: 
| 
853) 2,375| 3,529] 3,829} 4,000 144,739) 19,500 155,000 
oe 2.3584 <3,763\ 02,175). 04 90,663} 58,182 ....... 
QO EL” a 880| 88, B78 c.8 2a oo oe eer 
46] 55 0 2664 | 2 Shor | °F eam ana 
35} 43] 8,582] 3,178 38,000 . 
171282 EO" 8.657] HB,400" ee ae meee 16,500) 120,0C0 
58| 259) 4,186 3,351| eateas (REE il 2300s cere 
8b| 0 581" 4 196) SBT Opes dee anise 2 26,000) cee) 
120} 180} 2,682} 3,314' — 35), 45,281] 30,000 
D0. ok 2.7271 1,834  30)....... 55,186). se 
131| 248] 2,870] 1,098]...... |) 6,672) Se S000 ee mee 
98) 146] 2,299] 1,028]..:.. | FeeGe, 6,000) cement 
OF ORT TAC ONS ee... | SUL 10,000, 4,000 
VIG 164 lt) ERAGON OA sek ol nh 18,000 ....... 


§ Being amount from Sinking Fund 


126 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36), 


A, 1896 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES. 


Fasie XI. 


Showing an abstract Statement of Receipts, Disbursements Assets and Liabilities of the 


county municipalities of Ontario for the two years ending December 31, 1893 and Sees — Continued, 


Receipts. — Continued. 


ac 
a5 
g ES | 
so 
seats o SS = 
soeel eS 1 
® og. a) 
La 2 w Om =} 
‘gat |oO8 3 
£3. |286| 3 a 
= BES = m 
° Gy eh oa i) 
Zi a = oe tah 
$ >] $ | | 
QAGE 2cne. 1,408! 84, A 
10-245 ci. : 1,866] 77,883 
9,659, 6,226] 1,977] 195,817 
11,796| 7,116] 1,616} 243,500 
840 2,950 oat 152,697 
1,644) 2,831] 546! 125,093) 
1,676)... 6 165| 39,510 
1:247|5. 935! 414.388 
TRO Suet: | aera | 47,799 
Ta Beane 99, 30,214 
| 
959 1,548] 718 39,982 
666] 1,442] 592 32.550 
49: £46| 02. °: 98| 738,320 
12,140] ..... 45' 67,693| 
ot) ae 230| 172,078 
685 pak 386| 116,948 
2076", 223 724| 109,280 
3,948'.. ..| 1,187] 115,804 
$9581.03. 383| 72,448 
3.256|...... 250} 54.470 
4,745|...... 1,363| 113,774 
TAOT VR 708] 131,483 
2,224] 6,752! 1,798| 233,867| 
2,509) 6,246] 3,031! 147,215 
aap) 968| 424,909 
627 [uae 1,028! 273,688 
301] 3,259! 8| 38,835 
78| 3,244 44| 37,412 
248) 1,633 1,614/ 86,902 
664| 1,528] 3,383] 199,509 
335] 3,229! 268] 95,554 
814] 2,989} 542] 106 253) 
OF esd 803| 113,178 | 
Boletos 275| 93,023 
3,982! ...... 133] 36,104 | 
1,942]...... 150| 34,637 
187 a0 691] 51,818 
614] 1,993] 2,255! 587023 


Expenses of municipal government. 


a at meet- 


ings of council and 


committees, 


] wines 
2, 167| 


2,621) 
2,220 

878 
1,149 


815 
715 


1,130 
900 


1,534 
1,414 


1,613 
1685 


2,425 
1,855 


2,274 
2,339 


3,128 
3,100 


2,886 
3,296 


1,766 
1,644 


2,295 
3,339 


394 
421 


1,014 
1,358 


1,792 
1,861 
1,682 
1,840 


579 
994 


1,268 
1,219] 


Disbursements. 
Construction. 
EE) neta alae 
AS GSI © Sie) a 
3 OO 3 2 ao aa aS 
eral, oa ¢ | £ tasel co, 
Cass | pe feet e tS arse aaa 
av to | Qs a, | is ai Dios no 
g-ftc| we 4 et ae | ee 
a2 2 Shles ss mn eles iE 
Berl ce) | ie. sea arene 
a ° @ orc ) HOS =) 
i ba] © | faa} és ! faa) 
$ $ $ | $ $ 
364 953] .1,275) 2.378 154400| 4 ae 
Vi 902iN 9) 4) 10712 22. 7ORb S: 862 lege aula ee 
80 748| 94:49) OSU rab Ole oe ee 
68 BOM UDAITE | «P7SS bee ie ee es 
ANT a9, BRO ieeps oe) 15,469 1,429 
509 Aste Audet 4,858 331 
BaBIc os», de eee ara te oleae 1,475 
459 65 5,969 
ALG Cop naines ABO - B64, | Leuk eee ee 
SNe is PON. 636 [bee neeaeenes 
| 
889! 2 8001. 2507". 9 100 oat oe 
1,479) Bee OF jeune 
781 924 962) 11,075 | 6,829 165 
gu 395 608 12/1841 os! Se 
| 
856 827 1414} 8,510} 3,000, 562 
681 631 107710;188 4) toe | 2,552 
1,745 99 163))5;854.1) 4,500 wane oe 
1,249 158 | 351 maak Pip: | 1,438 
2,011 Sole. oy = 4,110 14,065 675 
4,782 (1 Re ee 6,184 [4 as A aoe 
1,544 AOD tee Dhan at at 4,874 478 
1,430 120 491 2.499 None A 1,017 
G46) sao vee A tas 6,103 | 3,366 253 
378 THO ee: 4.664 (reer 261 
1,666 215 184] 4,850] 3,016 538 
2,139 OBO Wan meen 6,566 1...... 36,006 
1,955 TOO} ey 197 4 509 
1,449 LOD Sj 6610S 8 938 
ES hae 36| 255| 2,091 | 3,316!........ 
ne 202! 792) 9,149 haere Mees 
1,274 2 | a 13,868 | 3,962|........ 
2651 oe eee eee 15,201n aes 657 
1,379 93 128] 4,420 63] 5,167 
1,531] ‘1,681 326] 1,965 : 7,086 
571 22 333!) Dames st I ea MARIE Se 
574 24 B33 le, 140"! oe 51 
2,273| 1,116 79' 3,533 | 1,149 
E47 “HOR 146 OSB nie eens 


24 jay 

ee |£&8 
a2 |5o | 
fe 8 See 
oe laos 
ao |g &s 
ee) 
6% avs 
= Ske 

ee a 
9,837| 635 
4,172) 681 
1,900| 209 
1,900} 193 
2,701] 645 
2,430) 498) 
1,393] 674 
1,323] 636 
1,685} 308 
1,685} 202 
| 

1,230} 240 
1,350] 360 
1,971) 649 
2189 659 
2,679 1,013 
2712| 1,094 
2.625] 1,082 
2,771] 1,295 
2,130 495 
2.130 586 
3,510, 692 
3,535 1,854 
4,692] 370 
4.181} 623 
2,790| 509 
2.855] 728 
1,380] 446! 
2,210! 670 
2,354} 187 
2,543} 290 
2,005] 458 
2,305] 318 
2,926| 1,056 
1,710! 1,104 
1,015} 229 
8h0| 365 
1,535] 336 
1,365! 212 


* The fizures for 1895 include grants to local municipalities, 


127 


Wns Sey el iy 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES. 
TaspLE XII. Showing abstract statement of Receipts, Disbursements, Assets and Liabilities, etc. _ 


Disbursements .— Continued, 
Sire 5 v 3 = 
Sees os fo >. 
= eS |i be yea ‘ oe s 2 
a aoe 33 S'S So 5 Ho o of on. 
bs = a> Ao 0) a 5 5 = 3 aa) 
So i epee oN muck ereenalh use N toh 
Counties. aS | oe Ohl B) mates a oe Go eeaiawetes 
Ors 4 a | og | 229 ® Pais as eae ~ a, ma 
ora = ih = So} Gg0 a So q 3 rave 3S 3 
ro eee aid tme eT ca a UE Be ee ete ois 
Peel 8 VOB eee cane Be eee a ee q | 
Be.) Bee |e Bop eel ie of 8) Ne a ee ees 
5.36 eS e Pa “a> © ban = 5 raf S - S = 
Brie Sy eR BAN cera oie <a 6 | A Stee ee aml ke ete 
a < hat | en a. 5 |_ 5 Bo Ke = 
ee ES NN ne mee | _ _ _ |- = —_—_—_—_—oOoOOOOO | — _— ll een 
Essex : $ $ $ | $ 3 | $ $ : 
1894...... 125] 17,294 8,021 eats 7,180 638; 22,700 711; 9,763} 3,091] 80,138 
WSOSi ey eT ak, 13,.445)° 10,515 205.32 4,103 501} 15,000 9689} 11,360 701| 76,837 
Kent ° 
ent : 
BOOA A areere aie encete 18,028; 12,804)....... 21,382} 5,939] 114,090 912} 10,736 642} 195,817 
LB Oo ahd ete 14,555| 9,365|....... 20,330; 7,66) 162,000) 1,929} 12,689] 1,601| 237,190 
Elgi 
gin : 
1SO4 meets 4,710] 13,831} 14,033].......[....... | Ehene levis 75,000) 2,242} 1,147 156} 142,538 
oh 1893 Gham AO6Rs1S. 86) 17.014 seo eet ae re | a aad 65,000] 1,941] 1,998) 926 116,798 
orfolk 
1894... 4,651] 6,831 Q-SOM Awe strate] dese tienes 6 10,000 222; 1,624 729| 39,053 
ASO ees 4,533), 6,042 110,804) 2. aor eet ea) 8,000 134; 1,230 915} 40,830 
Haldimand : j 
594.0 es 152| 7,095) 11,289 BOL 20,000. = 200) cele 5 206| O3i awe 46,487 
nie she ee 143} 7,034} 10,956 a Ky by Seaee Leh 200 itera ee 224 689 99| 25,673 
ellan 
IS94) 4 os 5,965} 9,669} 8,995)....... 1,450 493 5,957 381 959 664| 39,835 
‘ aia Secor: 4,964] 8,567| 8,442)....... 1,381 562 1,273! 365 666 580| 32,359 
ambton 
JE oLT Satter DAN VUT4R5 | PTS, DOORS crete «chy Veto suet #reiginis | 9,000 146} 13,146 ioe 72,518 
aM BOB Toe 54| 10,855) tek Piste coi Chey ea (eA 9,000 199} 12,140, 1,395, 67,563 
uron : 
LSS see pee 5,926] 10,420 20,030} 48,142] 20,000) 17,049) 26,000 492 710 958 169,743 
89S eee: 2.791] 10,069; 17,416} 40,950]....... | LOO LOIS ie ees | igs) 1,009 109,764 
ruce : | 
T8942 | 136| 12,024 15,550} 51,000}.......1 VSO aoe b, ... .| 2,976] 2,082} 102,840 
5 BOS oo i ee 10,250. Mae SB-O00E aie ce 1,260 6,000; 68| 3,951) 2,260} 107,951 
rey : | | | | 
1894.0. 5.4 TOLE 127670019, 4461s b7,167 ana. LOO Bach ec mace lee 4,067 1,826; 72,379 
sot bs nang heey lr epee 11,698] 19/444)..0.5..) seen. che MAUR | eye 3,498! 2,549| 54,276 
Simcoe : 
1894... 5.2. 615| 15,805] 24,062}.......| 18,700 4,503} 20,000) 1,052} 4,482; 1,189} 99,879 
ee See 499) 13,833 aEer ae wy: 27,300} 6,123} 15,000) age 7,610} 8,366) 115,764 
iddlesex : 
ABO tees: 10,615} 25,043, 19,924] 21,839, 45,000 98,580| Me aed a acs Be ‘| 2,296| 1,432| 171,925 
aoe aoe Ree os 8,588 eel DY OSBI. eee alaeoteatas DA SBD Lae See wae 2,035 902| 89,398 
xfor . 
189 toc ..e: 3,165 10,748] tO) eee 150,805) 14,744! 199,739 258 264' 10,924) 417,620 
USB eae ein eae | 10,108! 18,182) 65,900) 12,573! 55,263 589 640 10,987| 236,330 
Braat : | 
18940502 6351) 9,789" 66,61915 24.5. | 1,869 LOS Sees sie sen he ota | 301 1584 25 940 
5 peas tenes 5&8 aes 5 O0Li ater kye 1,255, TOD SP | Lanne 781 1,429! 23,550 
erth : : 
ABUL RS Oe, 330-12: 036), 11,0638. neo. | 2,000} 7,110) 41,200 os soo 522 84,595 
any TS9BS ears 600|° 9,118) 12,792)... 0... 138,000 17,248 3,500 183| 689 ead 196,984 
ellington : 
1894......|. 6,748] 12,289, 16,237!.......].---. 600} 26,000 sa 469| 1,463) 87,721 
a AS OS's Peek 7,625| 13,154’ 16,322).... .:| 11,100} 1,266] 23,000 349 826} 3,054) 99,696 
aterloo : | | 
1894...... 10,248} 6,686, 14,543]....... 9,672! 1,070) 51,185] 1,274 211} 1,373} 113,178 
is 1 BOS seks 6,314 | 7,588, 13; 860/300 wes 1,300 579| 44,334 zo 52 568| 93,023 
ufferin : 
VSG A Oe el hieeere ese h,937 3,522| 6,081| 1,900} 1.656) 8,000 61ll 4,119 104| 34,885 
* TBOS eee eels 6,159} 8,389 1,345] 1,800! 2,486 6,000} 148| 3,221 237| 34,316 
incoln : 
1894...... B54 78.61 Seek OOO aka se 1 0001 859] 11,000] 802 70 985| 47,746 
ese Pa is tape B BSR eG 1 Ob iis Sus hereteds 2,363) 1,110' 13,900 


713' 1,257) 1,525) 56,556 


128 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT—-COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES. 
TaBLE XII, Showing an abstract statement of Receipts, Disbursements, Assets and Liabilities, etc. 


Assets, 
Jaber. 38255 
ate |e erat lor 
2 ad g =] 
CRAs = iia 
S| SS ISSs2) x, 
s gs ere Seg o 
= Omri s al 8 © 
Fe Be |aas-e| tS - 
© Re = do 3} =e 
5 as Bsol 8s 
a a5 oe Z os ee ap 
2) @ (seo! & 
oO pe oD H+ 
$ $ $ 
4,123| 18,120,........; 63,000 
TGA6|6 20-1111 oe. 63,000 
Saree 37, 321|.....+..|*169,432 
6,810] 35,741|........ 169,432 
10,159| 34,144 .... ... 123,466 
8,295] 27,409]. ...... 123,466 
ADP REO; el Oleh as sek 50,000 
3,558| 4,116 56,000 
| Wie EIS VY eee gee 25,000 
A DAL fe ch 20,386; 25,000 
247 eS 9,090K =e. 5-2» sis 107,861 
oe 10,464|........ 107,861 
SOD SE TOLI a senses. 30,000 
180| 21,685).5...... 30,000 
2,335| 40,367} 179,538} 52,000 
7,184} 48,908] 162,370} 52,0C0 
6,440] 7,898} 32,000) 54,300 
7,853) 6,268} 31,000, 54,300 
64] 9,103} 20,477| 87,639 
is 10,034} 13,310) 78,639 
13,895! 28,536) 18,600 £150,000 
15,719] 29,472} 19,200 150,000 
| 
61,942] 74,735| a29,639) 100,170 
57,817| 83,273 8,600} 100,000 
Beso S16, TOO ee ole oe 190,000 
37,358] 22,085! 144,739) 176,000 
| 
AD SONI oertandiera | c= eta’ cow's 2 100.000 
5 oad eee om Pen ce 105,000 
DSO ie oes 22:24 lers 6 | 105,000 
A O20te 20, 0291. 2100 an 3 105,000 
Tatas asd 1 UGS | ts ale'se 26 80,000 
BO5i 1s 00,000 4.57 anes 2 80,000 
a Se | 8,716 4,351) 85,000 
x onde ee | 7,854 4,351) 82,500 
inal 6,836 6,544) 40,000 
oe 7,067 6,135) 40,373 
4,078 17,598! ite Set ees ae 
1,472 15,693) EPS A 95,000 


Misce!laneous. 


eee eene 


eoeeene 


eee eens 


wseeset ie 


«ee eeee 


| 218,991 


| 269,637 


109,909 
127,712 


215,311 
235,402 


167,769 
159,170 


F8,238 
63,674 


29,383 
49,927 


117,223 
118,731 


53,132 
54,726 


274,240] 
270,462 


104,109 
101,365 


117,283 
102,177 


215,300 
280,111 
215,071 


381,727 


112,895 
118, 862 


130,991 
128,459 


128,671 
129,590! 


99,084 
95,719 


54 892 
04,459 


118,176 


112,165 


* Including $93,906 for bridges. 


t+ Including bridges $23,000. 


9 put. (6) 


School grants unpaid. 


eoeere 


ee oars 


ose 6 6 8 Ieee a.) 88 


eeeee er elie aser eo | se 


ere eee 


eee e eee 


eveertoe 


eevee ees 


ooreecere 


eee r ere 


eeeseee 


eeee roe 


erseeee 


4,534 
4,062 


corer es 


eooeeeae 


+ $3,961 due in 1893 was not then reported. 
a Including $21,839 in general account, 


129 


1,317] 144,088 
1,289] 167,954 


282,475: 
287,116 


26,098 
25,306: 


27,277 
7,390) 


91,989 
102,145 


560,580 
546,745: 


162,864 
346,092: 


12,801 
14,170 


218,773 
227,785: 


38,382 
42,656 


44,309 
30, 685 


28,929 
30,808 


33,934 
33,038 


Liabilities. 
v j Scamene pa ER 
o 
43 z = ie 
» , Fol es os un 2 
Sa |) Sa | ae “ 
oS mn & x a Rm 
m Oy oa, oo eo 
qo | 5S ts) ee 
2.8 | + a fe ihs) ar 
r=] mt im i) or Qa ° 
1p Se At Ca aera es 5 
| @& 2 oO | 5 
Se | Uw Sn | 25 ® 
pee SRB AC ft any ee 
eo | a5 | #8) Feg) Ss 
i cS o& so 3 BS Ss] 
fae lk. cae S Se heist (aes 
at < 4 4 = 
$ $ 
5,800} 17,000 ALR eer 
12,980} 22,700 SE9TA Mee 
4,411| 62,494] 36,555| 43,261 
52,505! 71,782| 42,000 378 
aa Ca pata 57,000 AAS Poe 
uy cera TN) Gia tae 43,000 Sh Ligemeene 
eae eet 997| 1,281 
176 eee 
seieetiea | eased uk Oey a 521. 
ne te. 20,000 ....... Take 
Bh pe Rule] Bets M nal die pment) sea 
986215 GOT isn a | eee 
eae 262,800] 16,042 336 16 
Be ae 282,800]....... 457 12 
pa STs Re 20, 000lenc raph ahh Mab: Os 
teat, 20,0001 25s vel. kore Rite SOOG 
eat wae 26, 00012 hee. 213244 28 
SE ere G O0Ole aes 1,353 37 
68,200|.....-. 20,000 507| 3,282 
SI 900s 20,000 eee 
Retiok oe 22,9001 21,839 976] 14,569 
aes 522,900|......-! 1,049] 17,024 
149.795 tec: 4,500 436] 3,599 
TAG. 100) ee ees 184,739 ee) 11,906 
eee 1280 Ti ee» Pedal oa 
She ae TAT (Ole ve ohh ee 
120,000} 90,000} 4,800 4 2,029 
5/120,000| 92,000} 13,000 BS 1,345 
Obi. 10,000! 23,000 575| 3,264 
oie 10,000} 26,000 708 4,469) 
Ae 29,328 beat et el Mee 
9-000 eats 18,1850 cies Vee | 
Sie, ty 26 WO0beci oss: 653 1,023 
i: pair OE GOD soon, 2 790) 1698) 
Ray 20,182 10,500 192| 130 
...| 17,182] 11,500 74 144: 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT—COUNTY MUNICIPALITLIES,—Continued. 


®ounties. 


Wentworth : 


18940 oo. ak 

aR ae ie 
Halton : 

LB94t eo Se 
tao, 1 BOB eRe ee ve 
Peel : 

1694. 5.048 3: 

Bikes? pe a ae 
York : 

180d ac ee 

NOOB Mert a: 
Ontario : 

1S OF scp eae 

LEOS PENS ot. 


Durham and Northum- 


berland: 1894........ 
EI nesmmpde ates 1 Rett stain neg Na 
Prince, Edward : 

1894 eee 
1803 te ce we 
Lennox and Addington : 
A SOA ae ste 
ASOD esas 
Frontenac : 
1894 oe es. 
LOS one 
‘Leeds and Grenville : 
T8O4 ee 
1 SOS ae 


Stormont, Dundas&Glen- 


Parryer) bot. 
1 SOS Th en Ue 
Prescott and Russell : 
SOF es 
ISOS Ak oi. 
‘Carleton : 
TS04 ee So 
LS OS ue acs oe 
Renfrew : 
SOE ea. 
hs 1s Pee cae 
Lanark : 
1894. 
AOS As hia ok 
Victoria : 
i Ros! Rope Sapa 
RS ee a 
Peterborough : 
1894.55 0 503. 
1893 eas 
Haliburton : 
VeG4s a pei. 
1803 FY. aes 
Hastings : 
1 OO4 ts oes 
LBOS ae. &.5. 


Balance from previous 
year. 
Rates from local munici- 
palities. 


$ $ 
23,580 13,970 
20,704, 20,679 


11,284 11,587 
Wee 9,141| 


4,504! 18,206 
5,403| 24,098 


| 
405 55,114 
14,157 44,225 


12,478] 28.574 
16,551] 21,446 


1,316] 33,060 
8,790| 38,897 


2,859] 14,799 
5,566] 17,559| 


34,537 
9,054| 32,664 


5,138) 33,166 
11,421! 26,724 


ener ee 


1,124] 37,534 
10,042 33,236 


3,726 14,426] 
1,968} 14,490 


1,496 
1,845 


an 


eee | 


27,608 
26,471 


21,678 
17,865 


-.| 4,433) 18,183) 


| 4,518] 17,509 


3,726 29,971 
307| 27,691 


5,065 24,759 
697 21387! 


162, 7,333 
509, 8,915 


256 51,913 
454) 56,119 


Receipts. 
= | | | Received from a) | 
a 4 | Government for— | 3 
g PENN om ee 
a 2 ie bec ile. 
a | & 5 e | ue ies be fe 
Sia] = 8 B56) 92) boii e se 
a nS Lo} souk. 5 = 5 2 > 5d on 
a o 8 ra aes! a8 5 | a) tO 
Lo) EDA Ocenia 1 Soa e ers | 16 20 tae 
BR ee 8 aid See eye oul Gua eee 
Blom [APT os oil oO! 5 as| a2 
ead oR Ola ad beech s jee/3 188) 3 
eae pers 2 Shrew ee te“ | = a 
§ $ $ $ | $ | a) | $ $ $ 
216] 3,125] 697] 281] 2,822] 5,8111.:.... | EPPA rere! tee 
225), .'2,91B]..°725| 286) "2,888 5,808] 0.5110 ode. vhs fen eee 
166124. 08 54] 1,379 1,701| 0, 496| Riss: |77, 054 a cv eee : 
1431 830s 2,279 me LAT So Ee ee ee ; 
P10? eA ae 15) ea D629 e a | eae 13,000) ahaa 
260) .cseaecens A 2,188}: Tj299te eu lUn ote 10,000|...... : 
| 
VE2\14, 7471 Oe ae | 5,193] 22,906]... close: 24,584|....... 
735|19,941/1,078]...... 5,118] 21,819]"") 30). (Ae eae 
| | ; 
O71) 1BG seal SOk ete 3,862| 3,978]...... | Aare 48,000] 20,000 
355], ): 668|5 157) ecm | 2,081 9.209 fest Chaat 54,000]....... 
S40) 0 eos ace | 7| 5,792] 3,550|...... | rt | 48,900 Aa 
(294s CO eae 5,883] 3,347|...... | ae 13,000|....... 
T2b S54 see 41 1,632 1 SOS ier wee Pee: 756) ee 
Slip eG le ae | " 1,699] 1,929]...... loads of oa hee See 
| 
BYAsih ec bed ihe 8] 3,097] 1,661 Aegon | 9,319] 27,600 
248) 0 DARE 1s eae | 3,144 arg Brie | see 3,680]....... 
| 
225] 3,456|..... 12011 3,804) 7.78110 1 ieee NS on 9 
181} 3,3241..... 71|''3,723| 70). 03 | Ca. | 5,000]....... 
| 
270 i Ae 284| 4,336 4,156| aati heres a |16,948]....... 
630} 34... 316} 4,594| 2,242/...... eee | 12,8341 eee 
| 
416| be ansot tee 153! 5, 866| 2700 ve | ese 111, 500pza eee 
682i F96]s5 oy 1,060, 5,760) 3,403!...... | 4. | 5,000] 828 
| 
285 saab) eee a 2,450 1,316| Bm ie ee aie ete: 
ASO). ee Sey eee D160) 2. S08 ot ace eed (71 901 ane 
| 
170} 150) 220 1,026 3.1671 4.8041, | ee 45,0 Fa 
LOSI ei 191| 897] 3,174] 4,382|...... [29,000]...... 20, 
| | 
433} 86] 146] 148] 5,513] 4,036 200]...... |, 3,000! ..a5 5 
BBO] UBB} 973) 191 B784le S188) ay oc ledaae \15,000| 17,600 
| | 
225 Shou 26 3,996| besast us re: | 27 QO0l er anise 
BOD eon Lie a coe 1337) ve pages (97000) Pri ee 
| | 
457| 246] 121| 4,564) 4.220] 2,371|...... | 30,164) 16,500]....... 
478; 281| 125 os 3,610 a oo CE 34,000]....... 
| 
285 ara 266| 215 9.973| 28881 oe. 71,074) 11,802) ee 
410) cd at pe Did 2:582|"/\v16|)". 7h Lolo 
z H | 
20h Bin a satin | 3,135 Bile ictsctek |10;000] Fo ae 
23 ns Bete fe See 3,046 a tae: Beer | 11,800 Aiea tee 
| 
320-123 aso| 4,748| 4or7| DSSOhe ck |19,939|56,104]...... : 
245) 113 oy 4,296) ae | be Hawi Oh ee 
| 


_ +From sinking fund. 


130 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-—-COUNTY MUNICIPAUITIKS.—Continued. 


Receipts. —Con. 


ce 
Sr 
as 
Q, > 
of | Se = 
encase hs 
a ol ae Ss 
in a5& 5 
Cone ae 
Z o = 
$ $ 
209| +22,362 289 
299, 16,643 11 
et Ea ested leo Ra 
a Cea ilies 84,623 
SO fae 111 
BOie te alin 270 
13,533} 25,518] 5,097 
10,172) 27,274 368 
ROG) ee eat 1,026 
A306) 8. C 180 
1,361] 1,125] *10,975 
888} 2,278 135 
BONS AAS 29) 
ADSI G ra. ws: 15 
ise: 6,240 
BS Sygate kat ee a 
1,423, 4,558! ~—«1,619. 
1772, 4,572| 714 
483| 3,600 577 
Bah ures 120 
AL Tees ol Fay ys 
617 55 
Agee to Ts 616 
5,685; ern ie 1,028 
1,399} 9,750) 1,702 
1,603} 9,750, 1,976 
OE ee 568) 
945 seen, 580 
BIG) soaks 70 
Eee 438 
9.058) fo0ba) 587 
2,641 600| 1,063 
1,471 19| 3,633 
1,255} 2,025 ‘1,183 
Gisla os ee 130 
1,011]. 4 
1,925} 5,608 579 
4,400] 6,616 712 


: Total. 


$ 
73,262 
70,627} 


105,715 
113,896 


41.001 
43,508 


167,938 
144,417 


119,190 
100,248 


106,949 
78,527 


22,173 
27,018 


82,984 
42,496 


55,380 


58,172 


56,932 
51,320 


61,369 
60,774 


41,136 
30,037 


56,582 
99,391 


42,480 
61,612 


35,030 
35,389 


94,985 
99,571 


54,233 
44,554 


21,49" 
25,490 


149,302 
135,505 


Disbursements. 


Expenses of municipal government. 


eel 


ings of council and 


| Attendance at meet- 
committees. 


| Allowances, salaries 
“A | and commissions, 


2,500 
9,500 


1,131| 
1,131 


1,634 
2,589 


3,443 
3,497 


2,303 
2,256 


1,706 
1,725 


750) ~ 


750 


1,116) 
1,078 


1,414) 
1,784! 


2,400 
3,813 
1,810 
1,832 


788 
1,062 


2,150 
2,100 


1,390, 
1,200 


1,465 
2,875 


2 302 
2,289 


1,780 
1,686 


695 
686 


3,935 


3,210 


ing, postage and 


Printing, advertis- 
stationery. 


Bains 
#3 | 3 
& 5 
egg) 3 
“ae| Sa 
0) fey ag®) | 
2.a'3| 28 
8 5 2 r) s 
ans| & 
4 4 
$ $ 
483| 6,491 
736| 3,374 
627 
S50H MG: 
2,591) 2,987 
1,861; 700 
799 27 
2,283 53 
1,1821" "752 
1,293} 374 
411 ie ave.) 
pala Ges eae 
356 50 
824) 387 
147] 
QBs ees, 
i gd ae adie 
L194 tk 
1,569] 2,688 
1,066} 1,528 
aU ete doe 
BiaWoyen 
B67; 225 
Pena 200 
1,090 8 
665 24 
DZOPadce es 
773. 
985 67 
843] 126 
1,081 168 
1,380, 124 
Beare Se} 
7th x! 
Dat Ea) aie 
3,020) taetey:; 


Construction. 
are ee - 
3 | ss) s 
2 A § Oo 
® $l One Bie nies 
d Sie ee 
2 ravi OTae Pike, at 
re qd [P28] oct 
* 00 2.2m Ais) 
oD 3 |ga0| UE 
er Se 5 S13 
o) CaS IGE are 
$ § 
eee oa 1,665}. (2; 158)). 
pine coe pHi Fd ea pea we A! 
878/516 van. hoa ee 
770 LSOb Ms et ee es 
Ras 4 BOA. pe 460 
2 DiGi Poste dass 547 
733 37,040) 860] 2,659 
2,028 38,243|...... 3,931 
el eetee aN, BZD whee eeu 
Staniem 612) ge aa 
2,083) 12,297). S1Gi.4 iba: 
1,485) 9,310! ..... 20 
327104 TS4Uk te Wee ee 
960i Poa eee en ee 
232} 107) 338 498 
241| 1,774 e 1,006 
eset 2,205] » G50) secur: 
eT SA PR 3) Paani ie) eg 
ThA Mee 752| 4,465 
5 hee 9G) 0 tee eee 
768\ © 186K A MA heeas 
352 BR rue 844 
a, 2BUE TS Too] Sue 
ee Shad, VOGT Aes une “Onan es 
116] 2,010) 100, 5,817 
SB ALS SO Ty Rs Onn | 4,256 
| | 
228} 1,439} 2,000) 3,493 
59] 2,498]...... | 599 
Be fee in OT Peer eee 
£1,048} 1,224). .02% | 129 
24| 2,653]...... 677 
Re ake 9,288; 1,991) 47 
ery. 5.773) Se 689 
Penen ee Bb amen tien eo 
Ba fp) SBN 171 
ae eo 29,888; 6,049]........ 
312/25,011) ..... 1,441 


*Including $8,509 from Dominion and $2,314 from Seymour re Narrows bridge. 
$12,020 from Hamiltoa on court house capital account. 


131 


{For special services by Registrar of Deeds, 


a9. Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36}. 


dake 


1896 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-COUNTY MUNICIPALIT IES.—Conttnued. 


— 


Disbursements.— Continued. 


ro 
| 
as} 
ee 
s.2 
Counties. | ak 
mal: 
ww O 
28 
aes 
ao 
a, 
5 
op) 
Wentworth : ; 
1894 ... 750 
1893.,.. 760 
Halton : 
1892-4 el eee 
i ott Seeaidl ares Nee 
Peel : 
1894... 35 
1893. 33 
York : 
1894....| 6,805 
1893....| 6,576 
Ontario : 
1894.... 128 
SOSA. el een 
Durham and Northum- 
berland : USO4 SEN ee Secc 
PROS Say aes 
Prince Edward : 
1894.... 148 
1893.... 159 
Lennox & Addington : 
. 1894.... 116 
L SOS AeA Gis wee 
Frontenac : 
1894.... 625 
1893.... 700 
Leeds and Grenville: 
1894..../.1,580 
T8903 hae sa, LIS 
Stormont, Dundas and 
Glengarry: 1894....]...... 
ee Bee 99 
Prescott and Russell : 
LOSS ees 
1893 set toe 
Carleton : 
1894....| 1,926 
1893....| 2,591 
Renfrew : 
1894.... 200 
1893... 200 
Lanark : 
1894.... 695 
1893 et 476 
Victoria : 
1894.... 312 
1893.... 403 
Feterborough : 
1894.... 5) 
TSS eR, tre es 
Haliburton : 
S94 ae i oileecteteys 
LS9sare: 25! 
Hastings : 
bes 1894.... 18 
189352 ts see 


| Administration of justice, 
gaol maintenance, etc. 


19,532 
19,161 


6,548 
5,886 
8,661 
6,120 


60,303 
51,653 


8,228 
9,237 


14,729 
11,404 


5,213 
4,974 


6,968 
7,960 


9,138 
9,055 


9,589 
12,168 
9,265 
9,292 
6,936 
6,499 


14,438 
14,348 


9,058 
8,105 


7,073 
5,773 


10,561 
9,656 


10,401 
9,516 


251 
834 


Grants to schools and 


nd other 
special 


other payments or 


education. 
Sinking funds a 
investments, 


deposits, etc. 


seeres 
seree 
a ee a 


19,617 


eee ore 


eeeeee 


10,375] 13,825 
12.757 |... 0s. 
OBO seco 
104 ep ane 
15,701} 2,884 
16,680! 6,768 
24,080] ..... 
23,325]... 
9,210 

9,444 

7,969] 10,000 
7,781 | 25,000 
18,176| 584 
14,084] 573 
9,748 
10,120 
13,183] 35,214 


12,138] 29,100 


6,858] 4,372 
6,909] 1,348 


12,580) 15,819) 27,771 
14,347) 16,143) 21,609 


— a 
*Amount of G, T. R. judgment money distributed among loca} invnicipalities. 


132 


Debentures redeemed. 


eee eeerfloeeaacecees 


seer e er footer oes 


eee ese ee 


eeeeererce 


eoceeo se 


eee er eee 


eect eeece 


Cn es ee 


ewww evr feer eer ee eltoneves 


eeovertloesreereeloeceves 


seer erfosoerereeloacevioe 


tures. 
rowed for current ex- 


Refund of money _ bor- 
penses. 


Interest paid on deben- 


90} 12,000 


610) 48,000 
1,200/ 53,000 


eerese 
eerees 
eeeeee 


see een 


cer eee 


ersesee 


Pe jo)"4 8 ie 


deoeesr 


2,249) .... 
1,520, 22,27 


5,100) 16,225 
5,100] 25,170 


2,558] 9,500 
1,995] 5,166 


489 10,500} 


1,014 12,500 


5,400 36,355 
5,400] 33,861 


Interest or discount on 
loans and advances. 


ee eeee 


eeecestel lee ee oe 


eeecoseoloereeee 


Non-resident taxes to local 
municipalities, 


Total. 


z 

° 

fob) 

i=} 

8 

Si 

$ $ 

209} 2,042 
321| 1,809 
131, *63,036 
150e3 2 eo: 
104 810 
81) 1,012 
15,852 672 
8,192 73 
1,312 746 
913| 1,002 
1,361). 58! os 
888 797 
St BRR Ay 
LOS Rees 
17 60 
SOL tert 
1,044} 2,151 
1,905} 2,416 
526 514 
10 545 
1,980! 1,528 
617 727 
5,003 740 
5,009] 1,181 
1,399} 1,775 
1,608); eee 
870 262 
95 538 
516] 2,735 
963| 1,182 
2,557| 1,520 
2,444] 1,434 
1,277| 1,044 
1,307 454 
613 106 
1,011 12 
1,925 664 
4,771 132 


$ 
47,197 
47,047 


94,016 
102,612 


40 182 
39,004 


167,988 
144,012 


101,044 
87,770 


* 101,936 
72,211 


22,173 
24,159 


80,895 
42,496 


49,247 
53,034 


56,932 
51,320 


57.187 
59,650 


38,300 
26,311 


54,834 
97,895 


39,343 
55,663 


32,171 
30,956 


94,031 
95,845 


53,415 
39,489 


21,207 
25,328 


149,179 
135,249 


— sik 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No.. 36). 


A. 


1896 


——————————————————————————————— a ninnrinninaaninnninnt 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-—COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES.—Continued. 


Assets, 


R | Miscellaneous. 


eoeoerere 


sae ee ee 


47,550 
40,926 


seer eae 


see eee 
ed 
oeeeeee 
a 


eer eee 


eone eee 


ower eree 


eereerer 


oereeese 


wee ee ae 


19 


| g 
ees 
| SHS | oo 
) — + f=] 
ogss us 
Pa eee) 
> 2 Se © oO} 
Bese \ age 
Ss | Sa lsges| se 
B | g&h\"ehsl SB 
qd OQ |wg eel & 
— | BES Ss| og 
@ | 8 \eses| 3 
eo) a ND i 
$ $ $ 
26,063] 3,361|........ 170,000 
23,580| 1,550|.......- 180,009 
11,700] © 3,289|.......- 50,000 
11,284) 2'868} 77,054} 50,300 
Uae Ra i Seca 56,786 
Apb0d) attain 56,725 
a 4,505|........| 100,000 
405) 5,924|... 100,000 
18,146| - 5,587|...-.+-. 50,000 
12,478| 8,016)........ 50,000 
6,013] 12,904|....... 52.500 
T8161 8,907|..5.0---- 52,600 
2 ae 7,764|....../.] 38,500 
2,859| 41568)........ 33,500 
2,089} 16,822| 13,825) 55,000 
ee 16,349|........| 55,000 
6,133] 27,010} — 2,000, 125,000 
5,138] 25,534) 2,000] 125,000 
Pee 23,034}  9,652| 110,000 
eg 21,003| 6,768) 110,000 
4,182] 10,452)........ 61,000 
1,124] 5,424)........ 61,000 
2,836| 9.560'........ 20,000 
3,726| 9,708|........ 20,000 
1,748] 25,679 26,000| 190,000 
1,496] 25,555, 16,000| 190,000 
3,137| 17,182, 2,885| 50,000 
5,949| 14,095, 2.251 50,000 
2,859| 2,191!........ 53,000 
asa ert ee) 53,000 
954] 19,447| 76,585| 66,755 
-8,726| 16,287) 71,535| 66,400 
818| 15,072, 14,536] 93,355 
5,065} 17,974] 11,238} 93,355 
OS ATES | OSI es pee 
162| 9,888|........ 1,650 
123/ 54,617| 83,634} 60,000 
256, 47,362| 75,802} 60,000 


*Ineluding $3,000 previously classed with 


ce ee eee 


Total. 


$ 
219,861 
237,026 


65,289 
141,506 


152,055 
147,255 


73,683 
70,494 


70,417 
66,157 


41,264 
40,927 


87,736 
71,349 


170,192 
167,671 


142,686 
137,771 


112,804 
105,889 


32,396 


235,619 


74,586 
73,913 


58,050 
57,433 


167,896 
159,548 


127,926 
129,799 


10,668 
11,719 


198,374 
183,420 


+Including $11,788 due sinking fund. 


33,434 
246, : 


‘fall other objects.” 


Liabilities. 
‘ : © 
~ » 5 papa) 
Pay Wee cape ceca tare o| Sng 
= 2d, aca hes og 
a, = Ge So | ak Bx 
=] [=| co! oS as 
3 eer g-s aS at 
a Va ey ie) Oe (enue tate oi 
a nay Ser eieverle Wes By, 1 Total, 
61 SP La ess) ae g 
bo Pi oo /—28) gecl « 
wa) § fo] re e m = | rs s wr) 
° a & lore) =| od Soo oO 
= ‘gm = 251 S Got Sida 2 
(9) = 
wn aa xq ie I =) 
$ | $ $ $ 
S1 8h eee, DO OOO oe rel cerns 4,775| 33,993 
Fi ae en BB OOO dics hice comee 3,736| 38,962 
BS MS Tea oR SAO 1) Seed 83 
Aare SN Ge ete eee 149} 105! 3,764 
Tsp | yeaa a Ra 1,000) Tee 2,529 
tag pT Soa ee ae as PA ee ad bee 
S90 labels: 13,482| 24,584) 4,707| 14,415} 58,078 
795| 3,650] 16,403)....... 7,026) 11,818] 39,692 
S04 ae ey, 20,000) 18,000} 200, 1,038) 40,142 
PAST ame oe 90,000} 18,000 805 48} 40,010 
ye a a a AE 19,400): 7.23), he eh Aan 
NE a eae ee Se hi OOO). Sat cid ok ee aa ep ne 
1,682} 28,000]....... tinea ee Ke ater: 30,388 
1:694|-."39: 000} 2 2,835 ps. atta, 148.5. 0: law ae eh wine SOjO29 
139 Rae sel 1120, 300}. . vec 86 13} 121,794 
T7Gd lees ye 116,800} 3,680 85| 448} 122,797 
2,974|* 163,800, 20,000} 20,000] 1,355] 786) 208,915 
2:528| 160,800) 31,500] 20,000} 976) 923) 216,727 
Pees deere ee: 25,000] 16,948 234] 816] 42,998 
meet BL hous 25,000] 12,8341 277: 645) 38,756 
veg Wt Rae. See +41,842| 17,000 24, 2,203] 61,069 
SAY mee 45,511} 8,500).......| 2,773] 56,784 
RG ete ot Reciena 13,847, 1,707|.......| 15 054 
Ahk Tg PNY ot ae Dee 10,414) 1,884|.......| 12,298 
A ae ee 55,000] 5,000).......| 1,200) 61,200 
eg pee eee 55,000}.......|. ..--+| 2,200} 57,200 
Seen | ah. eaxat 42,764 3,000, 744  758| 47,266 
Bene LANNE : 44,355|...... 891} 448) 45,689 
2,980; 985,000]....... 25,000| 314 70| 118,314 
3,430|' 85,000]....... 24,725} 814 13] 113,982 
Oy jst Nis ee 45,893 +22,288] 460] 4,546) 75,945 
FBO eee 46,665| 19,916}  267| 5,753) 75,433 
473) 5,268)... ... 2,300'....... 1,100} 9,141 
ATH te S792 ees } 800) oi Yeas 880, 12,947 
1,350} 80,000} 10,000] §48,780]....... 348| 140,478 
200) 80,000} 10,000} 29,032 34| 323 119,679 


§Including $41,000 due sinking fund. 


1338 


+Including $1,874 omitted in 1893. 


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59 Victoria. 


A. 1896 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


‘SO1}1D PUB SOBBI[IA ‘SUMO} 0} S1OjOI OSTR STU, 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 36}, A. 1896 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-TOWN MUNICIPALITIES. 


‘TasBpuLE XIV. Summary showing the totals for all Towns in Ontario of the several items of Receipts, 
Disbursements, Assets and Liabilities for the four years onde December 31, 1891-94. 


———. 


1894. 1893. | 1892, 1891 


Schedule. , 
aa ims Fe ale iling far tans Lane ie ite | 
REcEIPTs. $ | $ $ $ 
Balance from previous year <2. 5.452 as seks alee celts cee les << 149,368 158,635 197,338 161,123 
Ordinary municipal revenue : z | 
Manicipal:and school taxes: 7). ii... sen «gee renre gee esas 1,914,869] 1,828,308, 1,857,622] 1,693,266 
Licenses, fees, rents, fines, EtC......... .ecececeeecoeres 175,514 182 392 172,351 168,042 
Water rates, electric light rates, etc .... ..........6.. eis 119,172 99, 670 84,207 61,654 
Refund of moneys loaned or invested, including special 1 
deposits (principal and interest) ............. 2 cece eee e eens 242,012 268 700] 175,192 197,970 
Doans : 
Money borrowed for current expenses ....  .......-+00: 1,784,808] 1,556, ed 0, 958,385 | 1,849,370 
Money borrowed on debentures for -- | 
SChGols Masa see setele odes sieiasec.e ae Uhr ke een eam Pe waste BG * 69,700 131,000 45,750 104,800 
Other purposes isc. iii ie cols « 4-5 oie ure ee enn attnes ss 679,314] 1,049,259! 928,768) 950,707 
Miscellaneous: i205. 2k.,, catiss Caacd Gee soo elees aire eet 72,941 68,980 83,918 94,518 
PE ODL RE Win cre, le ivale Seo cle hme RE oats ree ee eee eee | Bat Gees 5,348, 264 Bae oet 5,281,450 
DISBURSEMENTS. | | | | 
Esspenses of municipal government : | | 
Allowances, salaries and Commissions .........-.0eeeee- 118,508 126,183 121,024 122,134 
Lighting of streets, water supply and fire protection Oe cathe oer 9D. 277,141 266,212 245,433 
Other expenses of municipal POVETNMOENE! Hs cals as eee 108,395 120,866 88,677 91,486 
Construction works : r 
Streets, bridges and parks............. cesses POS, 329,030 375,048 389,614 458,559 
ipalidings and other works’ iacv .. gee wes eee eee 292,537 366,301 679,559 573,127 
Support of the poor and other charities .............eeece08- 30,477 32,565 31,236 31,647 
Administration of justice, including police service .......... 65,764 62,368 59 968 58,284 
Dounty-treacurerfor levy 2 heur.cn tees iease eiae caver ee 89,974 87,695 104,260 89,889 
Payments on account of schools and education .....-.....¢.: | 646,750| 682,157 610,347 629,781 
Sinking funds and other investments...............---seeee% | 246,378: 272,987 | dee 198,024 
Loans repaid : 
Debentures redeemed (principal) ......... . Waacatetat Ne pe eye 356,295 451,864 313,477 392,210 
Interest on loans, advances and debentures.............. 454,663 449,415 421,806 289,612 
Refund of moneys borrowed for current expenses........ 1,809,287! 1,745,529] 2,076,615} 1,623,816 
Miscellaneous ............ TYAS ty oR cons a peee reise ay a bealereape 2 196,734 ae 201,356 173,110 
Potala es. stad men ce ham Dae ee aac faa eee te 5,193,896 ee 5,084,112 
ASSETS | | 
Cash in treasury ........... Bea bw da ase reeds Mapas ees iets ete 195,711 149,368 158,635 197,338 
REAXOS MNIATTOATS Fo cae dees | Ohman eae a eR ae eas 837,939 771,916 683,689 726,578 
Sinking funds and other investments in stocks, mortgages, 
debentures, etc., including special deposits.......... ....- *1,266,082| 1.263,985| 1,220,071| 1,062 593 
Land, buildings and other property .............20ecceeeees 7,275,058! 7,052,596] 6,655,986] 6,029,936 
Miscellaneous’ =... 0620s. eed as ave, Stee sheet ores 572,810 426,879) 383,683 230,994 
I 
otal gio cs ease fetete is Mate ce Pies Greenies Shake eid ee Renee atta 9,664, 744 2 802 ee 8,247,434 
LIABILITIES. 
WOU GY LOW Giese ee eles Wis Wk ene cre Rite Ceo Reena ieee 35,922 42,713 33,834 45,913 
Eiscal achool rates 2o). <:. css say anh. a dul co's of Cw Oh Gas dB ar eee te 172,036 160,651 153,393] 171,408 
Debentures outstanding (principal) for— 
Aid toirail ways. £265 Ge at oo, ee ee ies oe eT oe 716,956 848,557 869,611 885,077 
MCHOOIS Sis loksaevaed io neha eins eA Waleed gra sea 1,013,064 962,226 866,401 856,535 
Other parpos ee 22 ered vind eee scheme hae aes eee ee 6,856,422| 6,384,500} 5,727,092] 5,002,559 
ihoans for current ase and interest due on same ../..... 720,525 753, 169 937,376 759,485 
Biscellatioous: esi ca ee er ove “See ete te eae aoe 170,07 ae | 188,898 240,837 
OtAle faced ae oO Abe sahbls foots Meee ens ke eae ot 9,685,109]  9,325,904| 8,776,605) 7,961,814 
’ | 


*See foot note to Brampton (page 99), 
36 


09 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


A. 1896 


nnn 


FINANCIAL STATEMENT-VILLAGE MUNICIPALITIES. 


TasLE XV. Summary showing the totals for all Villages in Ontario of the several items of Receipta, 
ears ending December 31, 1891-94. 


Disbursements, Assets and Liabilities fer the four y 


Schedule, 


cas ea ns Se | ee 


» RECEIPTS. 


Balance from previous year .......-+e8 
Ordinary municipal revenue : 
Municipal and school taxes .........eee eee ree eeeeeeeee 
Licenses, fees, rents, fines, etc 
Water rates, et0.<. . pres rese ncaa’ oMierbe cs seu sees. 
Refund of moneys loaned or invested, 
deposits (principal and interest) 
Loans : 
Money borrowed for current expenses 
Money borrowed on debentures for— 
SHcliGOl es crs hu de viele itale # oh wie aes Wnib ipl ere/e eneiste-9 ae petits 
Wier DUrMOse Nes se ts eeeeis: de dele ose 0's 3's Shale Aeniieees 
Miscellaneous 


eoeeee eee 
eoereersneeree 


eoeenecrveeereereeoeeeeer eres e@ 


eevee ereceereses ee © 


eosree 88. eree eee 


Totals 
DISBURSEMENTS. 


Expenses of municipal government : 
Allowances, salaries and COMMISSIONS ......20--se--eeee 
Lighting of streets, water supply and fire protection .... 
Other expenses of municipal government..........--++++ 

Construction works : 

Streets, bridges and parks...........es0-++- Ga Wate oe shee 
Buildings and other works ........++.... 

Support of the poor and other charities 

Administration of justice, including police service 

County treasurer for levy .........0--00 cece eenee rere cece 

Payments on account of schools and education 

Sinking fund and other investments 


-@eeoveeseeeee 


ee esr vere 


core Fee eovreeeeseoeeorrevde 


“ Loans repaid : 


Debentures redeemed (principal)............-s-ee00- a Sits 
Tnterest on loans, advances and debentures ., .......++ 
Refund of moneys borrowed for current expenses........ 
Miscellaneous 


er ela dcl ace wale whe is lare @ 0i01e.8 6: 0).6. Lele: | @. sie 8 Midis (eee a a. 8)m a, She) 


oe eteke 60. 6 6 816) +. 6Lere” 1 Oe OOO eho. e e 2) |) 6) 0.016) 4:66) 0A | (6.0 9:'6.9 0 6 ® 


Cash in treasury 
‘Taxes in arrears 
Sinking funds and other investments in stocks, mortgages, 

debentures, etc., including special deposits...........-+-+-> 
Land, buildings and other property 
Miscellaneous 


Sd .& SS OD nw 6) 01.6) ay elo lela @ @ 6 a) er 8 Ay) 6) 0,9) 0) U0). O16 .@ (be a6) 6.8. @ 


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eee wee eelehaic ss ene:e) 6, 0 e1ONe OO! OS ML NRO, OCR C6) PLES, O10) 8) ara: CL evar © \eD.6 


Totals 


MN OTALY LOVV iain oo yrelc e Hie on peaialer een 0 48 Seuehe sis leine Wee He aie, sie 
WOCaeeCHOOMTALER y. Sooke. sae ee Se de cata celeh Fee sin eee © 
Debentures outstanding (principal) for— 
CEO IER WAYE.. tac 0s 6 bale oa cen cep eines, Sire oa dace 
PUL eit tia eae oe sic a grecle a age Waa a teow +0 mean sialgers 
Ele rr OeILOBGS Seat tp sorte oad + «ne wie Maint oe dome che eh Or > 
Loans for current expenses and interest due on same 
Miscellaneous 


ate a 610 sf) ee Sm Pe O\® 60,16) Be 0 6.8 ee Ree Biers, (0&6) 6 (00) 6 e 


eee ee eee 


ai wtist Rist G Sid) 8! ee) .41 6 \OL0),6 0.01.6) 6 6 6.8 S)See BCLs! @).6) 8S Rene! 82%) /%) e.18 


Totals 


SM Lea S TWh (6.6 apm” 3) 0 6 EP eb Or do, BOE G8 CLC wh ROR RTS A Sie Ve Re 6 eee, 


* See foot note to Port Elgin (page 109). 
137 


1894. 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


$ 


72,980 
544,190 
43,832 
12,989 
17,266 
140,187 
23,050 
79,577| 
33,312 


207,883 


67,340 
158,221 


*132,914 
1,655,732 
57,578 


| 2,071,785 


84,097| 


47,680 
1,360,074 


1,958,777 


1,305,174 


1893. 


$ 
74,6161 

511,335 
46,327 
10,426 
13,521 

sea 
20,300 


35,325 
14,254 


. 351,039 


| 
41,056] 


33,439 
31,593 


96 349 
27,279 
5,246 
4.205 
He 


221,561 
14,560 


62,392 
65,745 
108, 2 


25,292 
778,059 | 


| 


72,980 
155,496 


136,838 


1,545,154 


48,309 


es 


21,428 
52,367 


128,624 
341,092 
639,766 
78 265 
43,644 


1,277,551 


1892. 


| 
51,976 


536,422) 
44,236 
ee 


30,162 
153,585| 


50,437 
99,160 
25,00! 


999, 062! 
| 
j 


38, 808| 
31,766| 
ia 


84,743 
85,293 | 
5.548 
4.644 
42,720 
“8 


26,129 


58,836 
65,165 
158,454 
98,951 


924,546 


74,516 
128,296 


112,414 


1,516,120 


oa 


1,882, 367 


17,935| 
39,542 


134,418 
335,302 
646,522 
60,567 
43,265 


1891. 


—— —_—_——_—_—_ | —— 


$ 
59,398 


506,726 
44,935 
7,506 


25,731 
128,785 


18,500 
45,559 
17,842 


854,977 


35,971 
30,569 
24,209 


102,091 
24,934 
6,467 
4,294 
39,496 
214,166 
38,234 


57,435 
63,592 
129,605 
32,008 


803,001 


51,976 
138, 246 


111,946 
1,375,119 
48,130 


1,725,416 


16,548 
46,511 


144,072 


42,918 
1,196,938 


A, 1896 


Sessional Papers (No. 36). 


59 Victoria. 


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A, 1896 


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Sess 


ora. 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 189€ 


NOTES AND COMMENTS FROM MUNICIPAL RETURNS AND 
CORRESPONDENCE. 


I do not keep any account of the assets and liabilities. I never know what jobs 
the council is letting. I only know when they come with their orders for money. i do 
not know what this township is saddling on to other municipalities, nor what other 
municipalities (are) putting on this municipality until the councils have settled and 
passed their orders. In fact I know nothing much of the assets and liabilities. The 
elerk of the municipality keeps this account. 


It appears the late treasurer kept no account of the school moneys of the township, 
therefore | am unable to make my returns to the county auditors. 


She I have been convinced for some years that the area of cleared land in this 
township has been very much understated. . . . Assessors seemed to regard land as 
eleared only when it was clear of stumps or nearly so. . . . Iam under theimpression 
that ratepayers were accustomed to understate the acreage of their clearing to prevent 
their assessment being raised. . . We have a change of assessors this year. The 
newman .. . is thoroughly acquainted with the township. . . . The result has. 
been that he reports an increase of 2,000 acres in the cleared land of this township. 


wy All I can find in regard to township affairs are receipts and expenditures. For 
assets and liabilities, there is nothing but drain debentures against the municipality. It 
would be hard work to find out the amount, as I would have to visit al! banks that hold 
the same, as I have no account of them in my possession. . . I can’t find any papers. 


regarding it, as I am new in the position they might have been lost before I took charge 
of this place. 


; I return my report unfinished. I can’t fill up those questions. Last year’s 
collection roll is not collected. I did not receive a cent yet (May 1, 1896) from the collector. 
JT am not to blame ; the council is. 


We have a crank auditor who refuses to make the audit of the collector’s roll. 
We propose to make him come to his milk or no pay. I understand this same auditor 
sent you a copy of the audit, the same was submitted to council. The council refused to 
accept the audit and referred it back for correction. 


_, , Lvery much regret the apparent discrepancies. I must ask you to consider 
well the fact that many of us clerks get almost nothing. My salary is $130 per year, and 
it takes most of my time. This year’s council is a hard one. 


They (the assessors) tell me it is impossible to give any accurate statement... 
They say there is now no swamp or waste lands in the township, and that thev cannot 
get correct information in regard to wood land, as some in giving in wood land include 
stumpy land and fallow which is almost ready to break up. 


: _ The assessor has not filled in any of the following columns: Cattle, sheep, 
hogs, horses, acres of wood-land, swamp, orchards or garden, fall wheat and steam boilers, 
_ . , , he believing it was unnecessary. 


The return of population 5,136 is evidently an error, the correct figures being 4,669. 


I can account for errors by the persistence of councils in always employing the cheap- 
est men who offer without any regard to qualification. That was done this year with 
the result that I had a week’s work to put the roll in shape, and all the statistics are 
comparatively valueless. The school census shows only about half of last year’s. The 
assessor for 1894-95 was a competent man, and I would have confidence in his figures, but 
he wanted $20 more salary than the other, and that was too important a consideration for, 
our financiers. 


; _ With regard to swamp or waste land, we have not an acre in the township, 
owing to the great amount of drainage which has been done. 


The pay: of the chief of police has been placed under the head of “salaries of 
municipal officers,’’ as he is a Jack of all work—caretaker of town hall, lamplighter,. 
thistle inspector, truant officer, sidewalk mender, bell ringer, crossing sweeper, etc. 


i oe In some concessions in this township the lots are short and in others they 
overrun : without an actual survey and official measurement the assessor must take the: 
figures given by the owners for the time being. 


Aditch . . . was excavated by the council and the money raised to pay for it by 
the note referred to. The lands benefited.by the said drain are assessed for just enough: 
to meet the note and the interest thereon. The assessment as well as the note do not 
appear in the report, as they are entirely distinct from municipal business. The item 


146 — 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36), A, 1896 


$725.43 in the liabilities was money already collected on drainage account and not applied 
to reduction of note. : 


The difficulty in a small town like this is to secure a competent treasurer ata 
salary that the taxpayers will approve of. The head of thecouncil . . . rarely holds 
office over two years, and he cannot fully keep therun of the finances and may not always 
be competent to do so. 


. . . A high school debenture was paid. . . . In making up their statement the 
auditors have called this a local improvement debenture, which has given rise to the confusion. 


. . . Wehave tried to furnish you with the required information, but have met 
with great difficulty in not having a copy of the statements that were sent you, espe- 
ciaily as we cannot find the books of the town for the years before our present treasurer 
was appointed. 


On the 31st day of December a cheque was issued for $3,400. This was largely taken 
from the special deposit and paid for the railway debentures, which accounts for the 
discrepancy of that amount. We cannot explain how it was that the town auditors 
overlooked this. 


I havea suggestion to make, and if it mgets with your approval hand it over to the 
highest authorities. A model treasurer’s book to be supplied with the heading for every 
account necessary to give the positions of the town’s affairs that could be balanced at the 
foot of each page, or at the end of each month. Uniform book-keeping would lead to 
uniform audit, and your returns from all the municipalities would be alike. Under the 
present system each person keeps his books in his own fashion, if he keeps books at all. 


The treasurer has been a little careless in the way he has been keeping the accounts, 
but the anditors have taken much pains in getting the accounts in a proper shape, and I 
think are as near correct as may be. . 


I have no way of ascertaining the correctness of the assessors’ figures. 


Pos I believe the number he (the assessor) gives for present year is the nearest 
correct, and is not in excess of the actual number. 


Aggregate of Assessment Rolls does not give the days of Statute Labor, and I am not 
in a position without a lot of extra work to furnish it. 


Nearly all Statute Labor work charged had been performed and certificates produced 
when taxes were demanded ; cannot give information. 


Mr. McK—’s assessment is the most accurate for severalyears. . . He is a person of 
some judgment. . . . For years tenders were taken for offices, and the lowest taken 
and he did the work in proportion to the pay he got for assessing. The amount 
of work thrown on clerks when incompetent officers are employed is enormous. In 1894 [ 
paid $80 out of my own pocket to get a person to make such corrections as the School 
Act required, 


No record of number of days of statute labor performed is available. 


. . _. It will beimpossible for our treasurer to make a financial statement for the 
whole of the year 1894, as he was not appointed to the office until May, 1894.—[Reeve.] 


(1). None of the debentures named in your letter of advice were sold by me at any 
time, but were, by instruction of the Municipal Council, handed ai once to the respective 
Boards of School Trustees of the School Sections in whose favor they were drawn, to be 
sold by them when, where, and to whom they saw fit. (2). I presume the proceeds were 
paid to the Schools named, by the parties purchasing their respective debentures to the 
full amount specified ineach. .. , 


. » The cause of the decrease is, the county’s demand is $900 less than in former 
years, also the township tax is some lower, the council not having spent so much money 
on roads, &c.”’ 


ce 


. . . The sum $—— was unpaid municipal orders which sometimes are called 
Debentures, ’ 
I find the auditors continued their audit up to 1st February, of this year (1895) 


. . . Their attention was called to the section (of the Act) by the clerk, but unfortun- 
ately they did as usual. M 


. . . The township issued debentures for school sections. The auditors and treas- 
urer took the view that the sections owed it and not the township. The Province in its 
annual showing would have just as good a right to claim as a debt all the different 
towns and cities owe, because it passes Acts authorizing them to borrow. he 


. . . We have in our municipality debentures issued for local drainage, which we 
have not hitherto included in liabilities of township from the fact that the lands lying 
adjacent to and immediately benefited thereby have been assessed for the same. 


59 Victoria. ‘Sessional Papers (No. 36). ‘A. 1896 


CRRA CES Se Lae estes — 


It would act asa splendid safeguard for townships if the Government could pars @ 
measure making it compulsory for all debentures and inyestments to be drawn up in the 
name of the reeve as well as of the treasurer. 


The debenture reported is the only one outstanding. Being a school deben- 


ture which was handed to the trustees, no entry of the proceeds would appear in the 
township books. 


. . . J have given principal and interest separately on fire engine, but cannot do so 
on the railway debentures, as I have not access to the book containing the by-law. 


ee 3 Probably the present council is somewhat more economical than its prede- 
eessors, but the principal cause of reduction, is, that this is a year of peace. In 1893 
and 1894 the council had to raise money to pay the costs of expensive law suits, and this 
year moreover, a large amount was received from the sale of a mill which had fallen into 
the hands of the corporation. - 


. . . In 1893 the council expended on roads and bridges the sum of $1,662.34, In 
1894 the sum of $1,648.95 was expended on roads and bridges, and during the first nine 
months of the present year (1895) the sum of $1,322.30 has been laid out on roads and 
bridges ; while the council of the present year did not deem it advisable to levy any sum 
whatever for the improvement of roads 4nd bridges for the coming year. Hence the 
decrease in the total amount levied. 


The exceedingly dry summer, the complete failure of the hay crop and the partial 
failure of other feeds and consequent depression among the ratepayers, amply justified the 


council in its action of trusting the care of roads extirely to statute labor during 
the year 1896. 


. . . We would strongly advise that for future audits the clerk’s minute book be at 
hand that the auditors may be able to compare the orders in council with payments as 
shown in treasurer’s book.’’—[ Auditors. ] 


. . . Enclosed are the returns asked for. I have taken a good deal of pains with 
them, and I hope you will find them correct. Would it not be just and reasonable to 
allow me some remuneration for my work—say $5, or whatever you think it is worth ? 


._. . The assessors do not seem to get a correct statement of the swamp, and 
woodland ; they get the two mixed. 


we It would be a good thing if you could insert in your report surprise at so 
much work for so small salary, especially when $35,000 is security required. 
{Norz.—This township treasurer’s salary per year was $140.]” 


- Our town council has not directed the auditors to furnish a statement in detail. 


I might state that some ditch rates are paid direct to the treasurer of the 
municipality and, therefore, do not appear on the collector’s roll. 

* * * We do not put statute labor on assessment roll, only on road lists. It is too 

much labor to find out the number of days. 


* * * This township has no debts of any kind. The only debentures outstanding 
are for school buildings, and these are payable by local school rate. 


" * * Our municipal auditors have not made out any statement of the assets and 
liabilities of the municipality. 


{ can find no official record of the area of the village, neither in the by-law 
incorporating it, nor on the map. 
I omitted to state amount levied for general municipal purposes. 
: Taxes are paid to treasurer up to 16th November, when a collector will be 
appointed to collect what is unpaid. 


ia ads There is one difficulty in obtaining correct information re woodland ; So many 
people have the idea that the more cleared land they return the higher will be their taxes, 
and, therefore, return more woodland than they in reality possess. 


; I have no record in my office as to the number of days (of statute labor). 


* * * Some assessors think there is no necessity to be very particular about details, 
and, therefore, take no trouble to fill in the proper column, the number of acres cleared, etc. 


‘ * * here was no sinking fund before 1893—that was the first year we levied or 
collected for sinking fund. Our debentures will be due December 30, 1896. We are going 
to pay $10,000 and renew for $30,000. 


We would recommend that the collector enter on his roll the date of payment of 


taxes and also the amount of interest he receives on taxes.—{ Auditors’ report]. 
~All Statute Labor in 1894 commuted at 35 cents a day, yielded $1,634. 


148 


\ 
{ 
a 


FoR ore, eee BR RG * ek wate y Weta ae 
a - 


' 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36. A. 1896 


Pd Municipal offices are made so largely a question of money, that efficient 
service is not always secured. : 


Municipal offices are peddled down to be little better pay than farm laborers’ wages, 
and the result is that wereally don’t have the ‘‘Assessment”’ of the townships done any 
more,—it is little better than a farce,—and townships in this section are all alike. Some 
remedy is greatly needed, but how to get at the true starting point of reform, is a difficult 
question. 

Oe, The sum of $2,109 was a Sinking Fund that was raised for one year only, andas 
the rate in the By-laws would raise from three to four times more than required, the town 
got a Bill passed through the Legislature consolidating the debt of the town and permitting 
it to borrow the Sinking Fund of $2,109.00 from year to year, on condition that it should be 
replaced on or before Dec. 14th of each year, and so continue to borrow and replace it until 
the town finally disposed of it by By-law either for school or fire protection purposes, 
which was done by the council in 1894. 


Re Sinking Fund: ‘‘I find that the whole sum at credit of this fund is $566.63, 
it should be $7,602.72. The explanation made by the reeve was that the 
council was not aware of the special obligation connected with this fund, and that a 
certain sum which was raised therefor and amounted to $668.72 was used to assist in 
retiring maturing debentures.”—[Special Auditor. ] 


: In 1894 we levied 4 mills in the dollar and this year, 1895, only 3 mills in the 
dollar; because . . . the council agreed not to spend any money this year for gravelling 
roads,—the work had to be done by Statute Labor. . . . 


i Those Railway debentures were in force before I became treasurer.—My books 
do not show the amount of the debentures at the time they were issued. . . . (The 
amount was $28,000). 


In regard to the School debentures. they are on a small portion of the township, 
formed as a union section with the village of so they are for village school house, 
but we have to pay a portion of the detentures yearly, which amount is included in the 
sum paid to ‘School Boards on account of School rates.” [There were two issues of 
School debentures, 1st for $8,000; 2nd for $1,200.] The amount unpaid must be got from 
the clerk as I have no record of it. All I haveis what I have paid. .. . 


. . . That money was borrowed by council. without, at the time, making any record 
of it, and it must have been several years ago. It is now paid. : 


_. , Thad some calculations on another paper and took up the wrong one when I 
filled up report, when you sent, back complaining of error. I looked on the wrong scrap, 
and saw 7 in place of 9, that was theerror. It has taught me the necessity of comparing 
the figures of one year previous, in future. 


. . . I gave it to you the same as the assessor returned it to me, but I find in adding 
it up he madea mistake of 1,000. 


: It has been the policy of the council that so long as there were sufficient taxes 
outstanding to cover the sinking funds, it was better from motives of economy to use the 
eollections for current debts. . . I am in hope however that before long I will be able 
to have a sinking fund in reality. . . The amount shown as due the fund, 1891, is so 
much smaller than in 1892 or 1893 that I am inclined to think that the figures given for 
1892 may include some of what should be charged in 1891. . . This was all before my time 
in office, and . . I have not been able to lay my handson . . data to verify what I 
say. 


arn I cannot make anything out of the $5,317.58 [amount of overdraft on bank 
1894, as per auditors’ statement of receipts] ; that must bea mistake, The amount shown 
in the hands of the collectors was not included in the statemént of receipts prepared by 
the auditors, but I have included it now to make a proper balance. 

_ , It has been customary for the treasurer to keep his book open a few weeks after 
the close of the year. till the collector completed his work. The collector would pay to the 
treasurer taxes which were entered before balancing of the book, as if they had been 
received before 3ist December. . . We have seen the inaccuracy, and the reeve says he 
will see to it that the collector will complete his work in time to have it reported correctly 
next year 

. , . There has been no need to spend so much money this year in gravelling streets 
or building sidewalks as heretofore. 

. . . Our present council is trying to be economical, and we also raised sufficient 
Jast year to pay off two debentures instead of one. 

Ph The amount of personal property is not given separately from the income. J 
have returned it to you as it is by the assessment roll returned to me. 


149 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36}. A. 1896 


. . . The discrepancy in the debentures mentioned occurred by the late treasurer 
deceiving the auditors by mutilating the debentures until the last debenture appeared to 
be paid. The holder of the debentures was also induced to remain quiet until after the 
death of the treasurer. The corporation was then sued for amount of debentures, $750, 
which with costs, when paid, amounted to $1,100. 


. . . QOur assessor for 1895 did not add up column 20, and refused to do so when I 
asked him. I don’t think it is my work to do so after he has returned his roll and sworn 
that it is complete and correct. 


The auditors overlooked a four hundred dollar note which had been renewed. 


5 . I will have the returns made as soon as the collector returns his roll. Unfor- 
tunately the township has fallen into a bad habit of not pressing for taxes, hence the 
collector has not yet returned his roll. Next meeting of council will be on June ist (1896), 
after which the returns [for 1895] will be made to your department. 


It is difficult to answer the questions regarding statute labor as I do not keep a record 
and we allow one day’s statute labor for every four rods of wire fence built along the 
public highway so as to prevent snow from blocking up the roads. Some farmers put 
in all their statute labor in that way. 


A clerk remarks as to number of days of statute labor for 1895: ‘‘ No record.’’ 
Some pathmasters never return their road lists. 


The present council . .. . . has been putting forth every effort to complete the 
returns for past years. . . . . The council has discovered that there is a shortage of 
$3.952.65 in the bank acceunt of the late treasurer, but the bail who are responsible, are 
making good the shortage. (990.0 . ite As the accounts are very indefinite, and 
as it is difficult at present to reach full information on some points, I trust your Depart- 
ment will not exact any further information for past years, and it future, returns will be 
promptly made. 


ai; The apparent discrepancy, is caused bv the fact that for several years the 
interest accruing on the sinking funds on deposit, while it was entered regularly on the 
bank pass books, for the various accounts, had never been credited up to the funds in the 
books here. Also, that in the vear 1893, with the one exception of the water works fund, 
no sinking funds were deposited at all, and the whole was charged in 1894. 


The returns for the years 1895 and 1894, were nearly correct—the return for 1895 was 
toohigh; . . . inthat year our assessor added the number of children on the truancy 
book in addition to,counting them on the roll. The figures for 1896 are too lew on account 
of the assessor omitting to make a correct census of the children. 


. . . Twas not aware that the law had been so amended as to require an 
auditors’ statement in detail. [Placed on the Statute eight years previous to this.] 


We would respectfully suggest that with the appointment of a new treasurer, proper 
books be opened and kept. and in the future appointment of auditors, one, at least. should 
be conversant with the duties he undertakes, so that the reports made to you may bea 
correct statement of our affairs. 


There is a marked absence of proper vouchers for payments made in the past. 


on IT have found it impossible to get the information required. as the books had 
not been well kept, and the new officers are not yet well posted in their duties. 


: The village auditors must have overlooked the ‘balance of school moneys,’ 
in treasurer’s hands, 5ist December. 1894. . . . I have never taken any notice of any 
balance in their [road commissioners’] hands, in any previous years. . . . It would 
show, instead of a deficit, a balancein treasurer’s hands. 


Lith Early in the year 1892 Mr. lent us the full sum of $1,455.50, without 
interest, and in the same year (1892) the township levied the one-tenth of this sum, as 
per by-law passed to that effect, and paid it over to Mr. (that is, the sum of $145.50). 
The same steps were taken for the year 1893, and will also be done in this year, as the 
same provisions for levying the said sum of $145.55 have been taken. But Mr. will 
want his money soon, and so we propose to applv. and will apply to the Provincial 
Treasury to loan the balance, which will be composed of seven annual payments of $145.55 
each, the first of which is to fall due in the year 1895. None of these transactions have 
appeared in the financial statements sent to your Bureau, for it is a separate account. 


athe I have been instructed by the reeve of this township to inform you, that as 
to any outstanding debentures by this township, the same is not considered ag a 
liability any more than the county rate in each of the several years when th-y become 
due, and also that auditors’ report is completed as per order of council. 


150 


—————. SS 


ST eS 


, 
J 
. 
§ 
| 


53 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1896 


. . . At the date of making the audit the collection roll was, and is still, in the 
hands of the collector, with a balance uncollected, so it was impossible for the auditors, 
who get a very small remuneration, to make a proper return. : 


pas I got the statement of school vebentures from Mr. , who has handled 
them from the first. He is treasurer of the school to which the debentures apply, and is 
the only party I know of in the township who knows anything about them. ... . 


. . . The balance ($2,235.85), due from the treasurer to the municipality, is not 
deposited in any bank in a separate account, but is kept along with his own moneys. 


There has been a tendency on the part of ratepayers to give in larger acreages of 
swamp and waste lands in order to lessen their assessment. 


._. . Idonot think I could furnish you with an accurate statement as to what 
would be principal and what would be interest on these debenture amounts each year. I 
have never seen any of them. é 


As pathmasters do not all return road lists, cannot tell. 


me The number of acres cleared is apparently less than last year. Reason is this: 
Many acres of cleared land. through neglect, grow up again with young timber rapidly 
in this country. . . The assessor adds such to ‘*‘ woodland.”’ 


From the data furnished by the present system of bookkeeping, or rather from the 
Jack of system, we consider it is impossible to make the yearly investigation of the financial 
affairs of this municipality with such thoroughness as ought to be done. 


After writing clerk the second time for correction we received the following reply : 


I cannot suggest any explanation other than that I must have copied the total dif- 
ferent from the original. Sorry to have caused trouble, but did not think you required an 
answer. 


A town treasurer writes: An amendment to Sec. 263, allowing treasurers to make 
out the annual statement in cities and towns, similar to the powers given to the City of 
Toronto, would, I am sure, be well advised. 


. . . We have a large floating population here, working in the saw mills. Some 
years they are entered on the assessment roll as tenants and M.F., at their own request, 
but this year they are not so entered—hence the difference. . . . 


. . . Last winter the Legislative Assembly passed an Act allowing the town to 
consolidate its debentures for ten years. There is, therefore, no levy for sinking 
fund. i 


I have searched the newspaper fyles te obtain the reports of the finance committee. 
—[Special Auditor. ] 


On account of the expense the council decided not to print a detailed statement, 
similar to one sent you in 1892. That report was prepared - our treasurer during my 
time as chairman of finance, and is the only printed detailed statement issued during 
fifteen years.—([City of Guelph. | 


My first report as special auditor was not printed. A synopsis was published, and 
I sent you a copy cut from the newspaper.—[Special Auditor. | 


. . , Asthe auditors have neglected their work for other engagements, the audit has 
not yet been completed. ; 


ree The increase.is correct, and arises from the fact that the assessors are more 
particular now in distinguishing between ‘* personal property” and ‘‘income” than they 
have hitherto been. 


/ The public school debenture debt of Ottawa has never been included inthe 
city auditors’ reports, because the liabilities without the assets would be of little value, 
and we are not in a position to give the public school assets, the accounts of this 
institution being kept by the secretary of the school board, and the accounts audited by 
the public school auditors. .. . 


The $5,000 paid in 1894 was invested in our sinking fund, and another $5,000 
was due and paid this year * © ° And they were not included in the amount of school 
debentures, as they were issued by the school board and not by the corporation. [School 
boards are not authorized to issue debentures. | 


4 0% The treasurer explains that the cause of the difference between the auditors’ 
and his statement is that the former give gross receipts and the latter net results. 


The sinking fund is made from money deposited by the collector annually, viz: 
1 per cent. of the princinal and the earned interest. The fund is in the hands of trustees 
and the city has no control over it. 


151 


oa". 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A, 1896 


f In my letter to you of April 13th, 1896, | am afraid I misunderstood you in 
reference to arrears due municipalities. I am in error there, I should have charged the 
townships with the whole county rate unpaid in item ‘‘ Rates due from local municipali- 
ties’’ and have added all the arrears due in item ‘‘ Due to municipalities for non-resident 
taxes collected.” If desirable I will correct the statement if you send it to me, and make it 
read more in keeping with the facts. 

; -" Phe Consolidated Municipal Act, 1892, section 263 (sub-section 2), directs that 
the copy of the accounts is to be forwarded to you ‘‘ within one month” after the appoint- 
ment of the auditors. If this time could be extended to two months the county would be 
pleased to send a printed copy instead of a written one, as a saving of $15—the price paid 
for making the copy—would be effected by such an arrangement. 

a yen I may inform you that the county auditors do not make out any statement for 
the county council, but simply audit the statement made by myself. This is done by 
direction of the council to save paying the auditors more salary, and as they are not paid 
for it the auditors refuse to make out a detailed statement for your department, claiming 
that as they do not make it for the council, they are not compelled under the Act to make 
a copy for you. I have, therefore, done the best I could to send a printed copy. 

: I can do nothing more in connection with our county’s finances than what I 
have done to get you the statements you require. I have gone to our treasurer with every 
letter 1 received from you, and requested him to comply as far as in his power with your 
requests. I believe he failed to attend to these things as he should have done for some 
time. . . I am afraid we will have some trouble to get any further statements or 
reports from the auditors, as they look on their work as being done.—[{ Warden. ] 


From report of special auditor : 


In the absence of data for the years 1891-2-3 we cannot vouch for the absolute correct- 
ness of these statements, as your treasurer could not produce anything in the way of 
vouchers, cheques, cheque stubs or in fact amy papers or documents relating to the 
expenditures in those years, a state of affairs not very creditable to your corporation. 


f We had also to assume that the balance at credit of public schools as at Dee. 
Bist. . . wascorrect, although just how the municipality should be so far behind in 
its payments to the school without action being taken by the council or comment. by pre- 
vious creditors does not appear from any prior reports. 


We would recommend the following: 

1. A new set of books for the village dating from 1st January, 1895. 

2. The continuance of the order system on the treasurer for every expenditure of money, same to be 
signed by the proper officials. 

3. That every voucher for moneys expended be numbered and entered in consecutive order in the 
treasurer’s cash book. 

4. That the auditors have access to the assessor’s and collector’s rolls and all other decuments as the 
law directs. ! 

5. That proper accounts be opened in the ledger under the necessary heads so that the financial condi- 
tion ot the village can be ascertained at any time. 

6. That in future the collector’s roll be handed in summarized up to December 31st in each and every 
year. 

7, That all cheques be made payable tu the parties interested. 

8. That all vouchers and documents of whatever nature affecting the corporation be preserved and 
fyled in proper order. 

This is the most important and should be insisted on. 

9. That the books of the village be closed on the 31st of December in each and every year, and that 
they be audited up to that time. 


The following is from an aspirant for the position of auditor. At thetime of writing 
he was a councillor for a northern township : 

‘‘T wont to no sumpthing a bout auditing township book dos each years taxes nead to 
be kept by them selvs or will It doo to make up the tresuers Book from the first of January 
until the first of January and alow Him what ever amount of taxes he sayes he Recived 
fom the past and presant year.” 

In our township all the statute labor is placed on the collector’s roll at a specified rate 

er day. Each party on performing his statute labor receives from the pathmaster a 
certificate. This certificate the holder passes to the collector in lieu of the sum charged 
for statute labor, otherwise the collector must collect all amounts for statute labor for 
which certificates are not produced. 


152 


UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. 


AUDITOR'S REPORT 


TO THE 


IBV @eyiny IS). (OuMeaa ide dO lS a Ras IES 


ON 


CAPITAL AND INCOME ACCOUNTS 


YEAR ENDING 30TH JUNE, 1895. 


(In Continuation of the Tables Given in the Appendices to a Report of the 
Committee of the Board on Capital and Income Accounts 
Adopted 8th November, 1893.) 


ADOPTHD 23RD OCTOBER, 1895. 


TORONTO: 


WARWICK BROS. & RUTTER, PRINTERS, Evc., 68 anv 70 FRONT ST. WEST 
1895, 


AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 


ON 


CAPITAL AND INCOME ACCOUNTS 


FOR THE 


| YEAR ENDING 301TH JUNE, 1895. 


Toronto, August 17th, 1895. 
To the Trustees of the University of Toronto ; 


GENTLEMEN,—I submit herewith the 1894-5 financial statement duly audited. It 
conforms closely to the order adopted in previous years, but several Schedules are added 
to this Statement. 

The workings of the Accounts appearing in Appendix No. 1 follow the printed Report 
of your Standing Committee on Finance, adopted on 14th December last, and the Revenue 
transactions have resulted quite as favorably as estimated therein. 

The feature of the year is the large capital withdrawals from the Revenue Earning 
Assets. The portion $73,259.32 and interest, paid and to be paid, on account of the 
Upper Oanada College Endowment, will not affect either Revenue or the General Endow- 
ments Fund for many years to come. It is otherwise with the expenditures upon build- 
ings and equipment for the proper purposes of the University. To cover this loss of 
income the increase of various fees was authorized. The expenditures are: 


ExUditiOnselor LhevyeCHtslOdd-o ura ste Sh Ce Ta. oe. tee es $84,952 17 
Unexpended portions of appropriation as per page 4 of your 1894-5 Report : 

Chremicale Buildings, feces. h eaten emt We ca”, $ 152 45 

Hq ulumentht hereqtseiittnwtgusnti at ene eee Jy tie Slo 4. ole 20,000 00 

Paguipment: Oba Vi Use um taverns uh Mey yes ete 3,182 76 


eNOS Sabo T 


PARtOtRISOE Re oe ae ere an ON mk  TOnc ve MEREE An an Y $108,287 38 


During the past year Contingency Account has been charged with $2,930.05 ; this 
and the previous year’s charge have reduced the Fund to the extent of about seventeen 
per cent. The volume of the investments which it was created to afford protection to, 
have, during the same period, been reduced by about twenty-three per cent. Hence, 
though no additions have been made to the Fund, it is relatively stronger than it was on 
30th June, 1893. 

Appendix No. 2 is an account of the fees collected by the Registrar of the Univer- 
sity, and Appendix No. 3 of the Medical Faculty Fees collected by the Secretary of that 
body. The labor was so divided for the first time this year in order to lighten the duties 
of the former officer. No doubt some relief has been afforded, but the Registrar is still 
unable to perform this portion of the work assigned to him, as he would desire to do it, 
and as it should be done. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


The fees of the University and University College slightly exceed the estimate of 
your Standing Committee, but the arrears are larger in amount than those of the pre- 
ceding year. The total fees of the Medical Faculty have fallen short of the estimates, 
and the unpaid portion of them is very large. The latter are returned in Appendix No. 
3 ag in arrear, but as the bulk are third year instruction fees, the time for payment of 
which is optional, that description is not strictly correct. 

The Residence Accounts of University College for three years, covering the incum- 
bency of the present Dean in Residence, have been submitted to audit, and the returns 
appear in Appendix 4. In order to bring the accounts to a close as of 30th June, 1895, 
unpaid accounts to the extent of $441.96 have been included among the expenditures of 
1894-5 ; all other items in the return have been duly vouched for. 

During the period covered by these returns, the Bursar has advanced $1,410.85 : 


1893-4 Plumbing reconstraction ..........+ eee eee $1,000 04 
1894-5 Unusual repairs ...cecce cece eee esters ences 410 81 


of which $150 was charged to the Residence Accounts, and the remainder $1,260.85 you 
have covered by Supplementary Appropriations against the General Revenue Account. 

The present accommodation is too limited to admit of favorable pecuniary results, 
but both ends of the account seem to meet when the Residence is fully occupied, and the 
intention is that it should be self supporting to this partial extent. 


I have the honor to be, etc., 
W. H. CROSS, 
Auditor. 
APPENDIX 1. 


BaLancg SuHeEet, 30TH JUNE, 1895. 


Funds. 
General Endowments Fund (Schedule 2) ......--. sess eee cues cece $2,496,496 43 
Specific Endowment Funds (Schedule 3) .......5 60 ee ee eee eae Td, 13709 
Retirement Fund (Schedule 4@).. 2... . cece e eee eee eee eee teenies 15,513 95 
Trust Funds (Schedule 40)... .... see cece ee cee eer eee Lay Ae ral ae 43,125 24 
Revenue Reservations (Schedules 5) ...... 6... eee ee eee cee ee eee ee 52,408 05 
LIABILITIES. 
Upper Canada College (Schedule 4c).... 6.2.22. 0 065 see e ee ere deere 39,000 00 
Canadian Bank of Commerce... ...... cece eee eet eee eee en eee 7197 32 
$3,723,008 58 
ASSETS. 
Ibe SLIAIORO Ge ees 3k | note a Tupelo Ol aero 
Buildings.......-.. Schedules Gis pst oie terats gets Got On ol Uae 
Equipment .......- . 173,558 57 
———— $1,434,230 21 
Unproductive Lands (Schedule 7) 00... ccc cece eee eens cent ene ea eens 1;019,827 99. 
Leased Lands (Schedule 8)...... 0... ee ese cee cee ee neces cee ee es 400,023 13 
Investments (Schedule 9) 2... 1... ee ee ee ee ete eee ete ee ee eee 867,696 21 
Past due Fees (Schedule 10) 00... cece ee ee ete ce eee etter ee ees 1,231 12 


$3,723,008 58 


as 
—=_" —— a 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


SCHEDULE 2. 


GENERAL ENDOWMENTS FUND. 


Licenses to front on Queen Street Avenue : 
R. Dinnis, e¢ al, first instalment, lots one to five ........-+6+..+6.. $285 00 
Library Equipment : 
Value of books, etc., actually added to Library as shown 
by Accession Catalogue on 30th June, 1895 ...... $124.345 83 
SCARIOL OU LN UNE 0) OO Sata ot Bnet Rl cnc ate che dees 8 118,142 07 
6,203 76 


Biological Museum : 

Expenditures from Capital since 5th May, 1893 ............... .. 2,345 60 
School of Science Site : 

Capitalized value upon a basis of five per cent. of rental 


forpoevears front sn VERY LOO bs et eee on $18,500 00 

Less amount of previous'account:-..2 00.0... 6.04... 00 2 1 00 
—_—— 18,499 00 
Less. $27,333 36 

Lots 9 and 17 in concession 8 Wolford, previously valued at $1,000 90 

PCS LOLAE. Umute eae Guts til tote cut", oe Pum Mie es, oie |. Us Skanes 700 00 
—— 300 00 
PMICREL COT LOEPC OAC) Meer eee. Ar tran en Sai N aie Eto erly as air gett allan ay $ 27,033 36 
Fund of 30th June, 1894 ...... Sa fete OR LDL angles (APY Cine SE eR AR Nce a Topalan 3,469,393 O7 
Petes UL Une ye oO umae sires atm eh eS eet ae Oa Siete oe eo $3,496,426 43 

SOHEDULE 3. 
Speciric ENDOWMENT Funps. 
Scholarships. 

Pek CrraAveIGu ra LION OCHOIATSAIDY ocyy austen claree Gigaset. Sapa eRe ait hale miler $19,104 99 
Re eRDILICHIMOCIONCes Se une cme ou ecu er i oe aT ON Tus 3,750 00 
IW AMGSSE eH SESH Relea ame AT le 1 AOA ce A i ea, 9, Ws a ad EL 2,000 00 
Daniel WVTISONO NA GIIPAL OOLCHCES maaing <P: ywerrna nh, a TRL At oy Sore ae 2,000 00 
William Mulock, Classics, Mathematics ............ At See aS Pepe a Be 2,000 00 
Dleryesolock ;Olansicg } Jnyies alee feet. enue tots SMe ee bitat mein eae 2,658 74 
oorpo..DLow is V\Lodern lanpn as esi) Mec nad eel oo Core geile, Locka AMO Ut 1,128 34 
Serre, Drown ledicali SCLan Ces cts." oat sah aN bir enue MORNE) cok et, ae! aha alle 5,391 72 
William Ramsay, Political aN es IFN ee Aart WAS NA on SE ag 1,009 42 
SISLMISERCORSDIL,§ COP DNAM Dm. fn e misen hae a ting hs ahs ohm hance aml ace al ae had fos ohne 1,000 00 
BeaICerRa Ol LiCAl sy sclence pm eerty ca eee sl. eedea a ER meee (Moi ea. bb olka 1,200 00 
PIES CUOUAI MEDILLORODI Yeti. fon set anys Soneh ted whee Meth hr) ta es a Be 2,030 00 
OUT fe atte tT a Cera 2 fite Pag iste Naas Pa Ue eR conse On a 2,350 00 
eimcosot wales Prize,Goneral Proficiency \./5 bidig aansee fw ee cess os tee 950 00 
Tee RerICEOENECIN OLA) Ou pot cee Cw ey coat! Gee are ano Ree 17,584 60 
AUC Ormetrer ots Umea we reir Atte tat hot. cy eRe et ld ght ae ys Mae Kee yo. oataecans 3,291 30 
ro Sea ATSYORU TEESE G5) 9080, or GRR AE Range cr a eG AM SEONG ti) A a OY A 4,113 46 
CDV PES MIGTCE ora ls oe Pals We AUER oer ER LN a! ai coh oh a ae ERE Ge 137 30 
RSLS IVA RE ac eRi ae eran ies c Apiira Soom Ns Po ruhe hs He te MRR dhalty ab iiry Weigh vy ke 1,018 98 
OUD Te Ler Oria Marna tte hn) Sie Wat tt Ne cde Gm MMe MEIN city a peng omens 3,018 74 


$75,737 59 


59 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


Funds as per Schedule, 30th a 1894 . SO Rate eta reo Tho Ommae 
Interest appropriation ........ Os Gh tah elec pe eel Ss (ab op wate 8 shot epah ne GR ed 
BeeCOMDIS QUITO OELOO LD 2 os caleieey Waa ee tes ns, Tet Delete Gamma Tecan 


$79,475 19 
echolarship payments 1894-5 0. Ce lc... se doe pans TOT 00 


=) 1D, 73% 09 


SCHEDULE 4a. 


RETIREMENT Funp. 


Beneficiaries as on 80th June, 1895. 
James Loudon......., Pe A oe tae” ye Hi le eee a aS a aes ok SR eee Gece emer 
Poe ATR AVY THONG stabs) Siw eee, ioe RO it ate ae ean ata 1,179 48 
WATCH UtLDG Ryo i he ea, eh Ree ce ear ae!  Lg) eneane L179 48 
DV U RE OXANGET S25) t o.oo Lok ete Boe cee on Seis cr cay ee 1,179 48 
RATT CCM DDR IREE Te MIA cee hs 5 2 As SA eR shee gE eo aS” 11 (bear 
J.G. Hume.. TPA abe AOR Leys Ar 0, Veto PT CM ed ald 1,055 34 
J. E. Borreley Smiths S00. ssa UN em alg cc rae 827 71 
UAE LOO Ur yo siaa me. has His niy 9s ie PR At ach 2 
SP AINIOSUNEAY OT eRe Oi AD ih RN ee eo EO hh Ee Ki Penang 568 62 
DATO BYERS Je ti ee iene a ae eee eis ete te Ne lub am emp TON RT TIE lf, 
PAS Uy ee VUACALI YN ss teeth Grats iS os LNG eee RN ba tly Tk Alin SR Ne Do, er aR) oe 472 00 


W. 4H. 1 be Shean vee ug peel cise ts 4: 472 OO .- 


J. Pie ee SIRE see Ace any gg MLA ilk OMe Ran eyeing VA Ye frp I to. 472 00: 
W.J. Loudon. Meh Se WE POL ey Rte eee ae face ak eee) a Se a 429 86 
“11 Ta CREE EN BO EE eR eRe MPR DORE UCR Mn rac Ra Log a el 413 84 
aE 1G hehe Dh Vea age Re aaa MCE eh TING A Set REN Be cm AGH MU cdl ME Mie Ran ge a8 310 87 
ep ES AWA Tay Fog MOR CMU Rb GI ti Dg RR MORN PE ia er NR yt aad COMA NUM 303 86 
ROSE TY ETS MR i eA eC EET Fn bane NRE Sin el ve awe ok Va, 195.07 
eu LiCeGiaImneron’ 1 ot fey. wes ily bape OT Ge ONL Tat, eNO Se NeneL Sein 29) OD a 195 Ol 
Case rCCO OTe E yg ies NCE oll ee a tee A aaa ea ee 195 O1 
Ni Gel WAV BAU) ep Side gece Say ee ete DR Sen i ALi to) Be Mah LAG eal Ri OCA ES ee Mi 194 85. 
AMES RESTO ONIGL ft ieiege i alee cere deg Me ae DONIC ee eaten a 148 06 
ACR OTA Geli aw ads 2. AOL Peony (OR ABA ae oni iE ee 130 63 


Stem e IUTY eile, ewe or. eM eae A SOL: 2 pms Ay Ce lee eek 130 63 
AUC irsChimian nies. ali os a Bre Rn shes aye OR a lt cy HORS eee Talia a ene Ce 105 40 
AMON CONAN toe sce aR i's ea at a Tan Oh esti a ele i nt a nea 103 03. 
INO Ree APOC Ora) oY.) ut ass) ee ee Ue at eer et a a ae 82 95 


$15,513 95 


——————— 
SEE AS TARE tr 


SCHEDULE 48. 


Trust Funps. . 
Hesidonce, Mxtension.2, 9.4. oct. dice fh Bale At sh ED oe $780 95 
peices OTA N COLLIS vadaiy yaa eh ta dol ns so RNS OME ne a ee eee es 232 88 
BADrary I NSUPANce 04%, e. cused alae Sp ee eee Ae eae ee LS B41 0g 1G 
Library, German Dept . meets «abate a eMER phe cea atic OR ce Zane mec eae enD 312 10 
litmtrys Krenek Dent «tints 4 cae pres naa 56 64 


“589 208008 


4 
. 
, 


x 
: 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


MEUactina AOSlOratlONsH Gy ne eee y oak es Cee ee ae k tapete c oAP tote ha $925 86 
PICA CR COMER OH) VOM tre a ene Bid oy ca elon tukeecnets a digs Loullits fre) er 326 44 
EYETV WYER ETO TU IG) Tray SENT sob ies 4a Fae RON MRR UE Ey SIND 08 a ena Pe eR 85 73 
University, Collesetbadiesy Matron, Munde. 3.550). Sek ban danreede oe dias 250 00 
Medical Faculty Funds :— 
SUNN NGCOUTL Es pe WP ecei sh. oct eae cS ical e eA eater eaee $304 18 
Ja OEES a TIE ABE | Ma Uae De MUL 2S a DC ee 307 81 
INST SCOGSTI9 (6)9 CO: aaa Pik 2 GAP PCO ae a gE 439 90 
SLL ARVEOCIOMCO It ps etal ue eee cr ois aac ies, pretense 155 00 
ME VAVGOLOCICHL. A ohiul sn tate eue MEM) ete herent eer ae ee Ae 50 00 
NESLGrIa VL SCICR me Misty, ane al me RoE woe al Why. a) Slat oaeeed D7 56 
—— 1,314 45 


ere 


$43,125 24 


NVOCITELU ON CHUN C Serak ee mee OM Uris Meee Sorel kL ey Sars) etal ad tadiect ty Mac EO, CMO CA ED 
$58,639 19 
Funds as per Schedule 30th June, 1894.................... $59,666 55 
Wopropriationyol Interestuthereon vos)... ol ee de alate 1,451 85 
Piece pis CUrIng LOO 4:0 me wan tat aia haste pute el nae ae nL iO LOMLO 
$78,634 56 
essa VIN ents CUMING UE OULD mor hat an eee vita Skim ene = BO 90H 48 ( 
' — 58,639 19 


SCHEDULE 4e. 
Upper CANADA OoLLEGE ACCOUNT, 


Amount of share in King and Adelaide property, Toronto..............$100,060 00 


On Ist June, 1895, the value of this share having been deter- 
mined at $73,234, the account runs :— 


Cash paid on 7th June, 1895. Principal ..........6....... $34,234 00 
Pntetestaromr lar tort UniGene wea oes ae ag din, weeke eta es 25 32 
Amount to be paid with interest from lst June............... 39,000 00 

Interest from 7th to 30th June upon above advance of $34,259.32, 
carried to revenue for 1894-5 account...........-...-5: 97 41 
$73,356 73 

Reserve to cover revenue against loss upon above $73,356.73 
PrOMIAY CAMALO AV CATE Rael eaters lei e lie aisle) « se ouclatines cele OI ess 26,643 27 


$100,000 00 


Upper CANADA COLLEGE BLOCK. 


Amouny returned 30th June. 1894. o8 kee cee es $395,480 18 
Interest upon cash advances of $63,436.33, upon terms of Order- 
in-Oouncil dated 18th August, 1892.................... 2,926 63 
——$398,406 81 
Less above named reserve to cover interest upon later advances.......... 26,643 27 
Account as on 30th June, 1895 (Schedule 7).................. $371,763 54 


———— 
RE Si EIST TORE Nak ta 


ie 


al 4 4 a 7 \ Ay eat a a 
; ~, <4 S327 Mia 1 k a 
LA) ¥ \ ay : 
\ : 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


SCHEDULE 5a. 


REVENUE RESERVATIONS. 
Acerued Income unpaid on 30th June, 1892.2... 0. ees es oe. 896,739 B1 


Contingent Fund : 
ose “Geo. Luvvey, loans? 4s oie tam vie ee ete « Bb sec Sow Me mney ae ae 
WORE a AIK 1OaN dnc: eal EE Ee hk Ge ee eae 980 64 
thoes 719) Campbells loati "uy wovte pee emteen kes) c ii, cli Meuenate 511 30 
Loss, J. & J. A. Bateman, loan 


$2,940 05 


Less recovery from S. March, loss written off last year.... 10 00 : 
3 . $2,930 05 
Amount of fund 30th June; i894 0 ee iy Oy ste i a ve oe 21,229 34 


Amounteot fund oO0th J) une,g S950 eter eine er i oe 18,299 29 
Revenue Account : | 
Upper Canada College share of office expenses for two years 


Veh END Uh Be nga Me Mme" tga i ee ise eters OU Bae 
oortage. | Sud bsreventies .) 0 mewn, stale tte meen) oLomeual Ga 165 91 
$2,056 40 


Amount of account S0th June, Teo 4 o) ae eee Ge 2,290 30 


Mount Or account > 0th ode, 71090 sees cn fee een ee ee 250000 


$55,273 00 
ConTRa. | 
Payment on account of premiums on fire policies for a term of 

EUITEC RV OATS.chpce wee lel COUN? wats i toate Oe tener a $4,457 12 
feharvedipon..) 694°) revenue Yi. tule occa Uae RI ee kine el eel Ot a tee 


Ohargeupon wevenue 1895-7 Me eauy bh) Maa oalhe ares shin: Olle caektoee Sunaina 


BENG Ss. $52,408 05 
SCHEDULE 50. | 


ACCRUED INCOME. 


Comparative Statement. 80th June, 94. 30th June, ’95, 
Mortgage Interest, 2.45 Qc} os uv 5 sith ed iesed Lapa eats ge aD LO, tal BO ee ea eee 
Debenture Intereaty,:. y's sh nek ee eG GA te Bree ek ee ee OOO 4,960 24 
Purchase money interest : 


Mevonshire4Blacei.* sem bot eee eaen ee ene eae 497 70 36] 05 

O thor sales eri eiaPerncs ls Se a ee eae a ae 296 06 283 76 
Agricultural foes 5 202 3, Oe e ee he cd sock Rania Mae 245 62 373 12 
Other fees ve (oS a ae ao 2 att IO eee ee 150 00 858 00 
RICVAOLAbOrOTito se Yk oho eer. ena Me ee ee Seige erage. Me 1,500 00 1,500 00 
(Morante Ground Jrente ee) ee et eee eS aia 803 84 803 84 
UstiversityyParkirentats 780 4.) - Reon. coun kee ah eee 4,093 75 4,093 75 
School ofSciencerental 24/( uaa SY ene ee ee COULOU 154 58 7 
Provincial Board,oLst ealth ih os. 2 oe mice wee ed ee ee 200 00 . 


Upper Canada College share of expenses. Tee CH Me. nats Hie: fest bese ea 


$30,209 63 $25,744 17 


~ 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 37). 


1892 anp 1895 CompareEn. 
Mortgage Interest : 


Past due. ; 

Accrued, but not ‘yet ‘due - 

Pract advance ... : 
Debenture: Interests .... 2. o.. 
Purchase money Interest . 
Rentals : 

City of Toronto... 

Business lands 

Park lands.. 


=e [a el GS. eleis Ke'ély 6 Fel teh 4 er O56) Oy whe! Bre 


Feed €) 016 et one 


Realizations on 30:h June, 1895.... 


Realizations as above ... 
1894-5 fees outstanding. . 


SCHEDULE 5c. 
Revenveg, 1894-5. 
Outlay. 
Appropriations adopted 14th December, 1894 ............ 


Appropriations adopted 14th December, 1894 as interest upon 
Special Funds 


oeeeeereve evr eaeeereee eee ee ee we we we ew ee Be Be ew 8 


Supplementary appropriations 30th June, 1895.. $2,333 54 
Less unused of original appropriations ........ 446 62 
Income. 
Account. Estimate. 

Interest on purchase moneys ................ $2,411 36 
PHCeT Ost ON IOANS Ricca amiss, Ones oo Beka Fes Shakes 39,818 66 
Interest on debentures..... 12,941 88 
POH Us OUMlon PRAT Parkin ruc. ati een titer aot « 4,045 00 
ents, UmiversitysParks 2h 00 oie ae oon eas 8,637 50 
Medical Faculty ive 1,900 00 
Fees, University and College. Srna een Sake d' chia st ahat hs 43,500 00 
City of Toronto payment.. 6,000 00 
Transfer fees.. d eos 50 00 
Interest on advance to ‘Upper Canada College oe 23926: 63 
Sundry earnings, land . Magstiyeee scent 1,500 00 
School of Science ground rent. Ree tee 1,400 00 
Provincial Board of Health.. Pees 200 00 
Interest on bank balances .............. 
MOM pp orUICUMUONALIONS 6.6 srt ag gtea tes se 4m: 

$121,331 03 
Allowed on capital withdrawn .............. 2,800 00 


30th June, 
$5,812 


$36,739 
4,004 


$39 735 


$4 004 
1,231 


$2, 


173 


92. 
01 


2°29 


42 


39 
12 


9 


eel 


7 


$113,532 


33 


4,640 30 


99 


1,886 92 


$118,531 03 $119,893 64 $119,893 64 


Deficit on 1894-5 transactions.... 


A. 1896 


30th June, 
$6,500 
12, 399 


"95. 
80 
83 


B32 1035 42 


$120,059 55 


$165 91 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37) A. 1896 


SCHEDULE 5d. 


REVENUE ExpenpiTureEs, 1894-5. 


Original Supplementary 
Appropriations. Appropriations. Unused. 


Searles ey Ss. Sores cate todte Sik she RE Ee ass: DOL OS 2a 0 MemenD cams 
PREETI GS its Sei odes ccc Yeh nso omy hte hake ea ae. eh a aoe ae gece ac 1,000 00 
Examiners ..... VER GE Ou RM Rat MOU ses 7,250 00 189 86 


Convocation expenses ry aU Ciaran aie emer ae 100 00 10 10 
ar sar 8 OLN CO se eel) aco ada TERR LOe RNs oe io % 1,400 00 22 03 
Registrar s OL cei ce s,ab yee nist mye ie eh <2 50 00 60 00 
‘University stationery... 10% «5 = eer eee ey « 1,100 400 ® tenis creer: 64 76 
University College stationery ........--........ 100100 sain aus 35 85 
A niversity /printing 270, Fs = se ie eae oe 2,800 00 110 96 
University, College printing — 0 ane. secon as 2 100 100 Seay ewes 3 45 
University advertising .......- see. sere tect eeee 300.00 Fraae ye 2 35 
University College advertising..............4:.. 75 00 RAW: 5S 9 50 
AI niversityancidentais s,. 6). steals pith oy eee 150 00 Pre 17 80 
University College incidentals ...........+....+.3 Cf MeLL Ur mt 28 = He 18. 50 
Ganeralmncidentals pareuelis cs. scree eon no ne ots = BOO OO \\ Meni nee 38 51 
Law costs ..... PME 1 thon ONES FOO TOO ci icae aoe 13 36 
Interest on Special Trust Funds. Fea eR AS 4,640 30 tinea 27 32 : 
Male phones twit ries ito) gs Se kee Bore UMC 1 50,00 Se eaeeaee 
HATYRUPAEL CO Me eee re te e5, tn be hn Peachy aha eye mena Maire e iio 1,333 33 258 84 | 
COUT S Ait ide eae. cary esis od PN IVE i Leediyy aan RE es 2,400 00 194 78 ; 
Mean ilding sit cc hae ae een cies en a 3,300 00 558 23 | 
HET OrALY DB ULCing 1% cy et Shem Veneta ber aeeit eae ae D2 De OO. narra aie 78 82 | 
Bioorival Biilding 3.2. one cae as ems ts eet 1,710 00 Re Nise 26 46 | 
Gymnasium DUUdIng c/s. 68) «chee wt ueare sana ees 700 00 48 55 
BX DTArVae eis hitet otots ia Lele ibats ers hteklca ee: ree OOOO 86 34 | 
Residence Repairs ....... vantage a) Set Tea en I A ct Ny 260 81 i 
Chemical Department, ‘maintenance. Vicia’ abet DLO 200% midaeset seca 13 74 
Biological Department, maintenance .........+.. 450700) ee vee 28 73 | 
Biological Department, students’ supplies ..... iy SO FLOOD c eiem ae | 
Physiological Department. . REA hy Bhs ce Mane AL 300 00 SU Sine 7 93 
Physical Department, maintenance Lae UE te 325 00 3 22 | 
Mineralogical and Geological Dept., maintenance... 200 00 5 cael 19 72 
Philosophical Department, maintenancey.. 22 mien. 200 00 
Mathematical Department ................ 25. 110 00 Pasge SEE 3 65 
Classical Department. a. -.’: sir eho one wrens 10 00 2 00 q 
French Department. . A are aie at Wt 10200 penance: 10 23 
Italian and Spanish Department , Sidhe cae Me aents 20 00 reas. 14 25 
Oriental Department. . oe ANA AAS cha Ramage 23 00 td cake a lo 
Original appropriations ..... hath Ae AL s pl Nera ate en tod $118,172 63 
Nhe fit WIS EK 
Supplementary appropriations... ....... 03. .6e cece se ee tees $2,333 54 | 
“Appropriations unused /,.. ./1.:) sin + siete bes eiote sso Wied Contin aiieb a tleaiele ns $446 62 


10 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


SCHEDULE 6a. 


Site, Lanps, Burnpines anp Contents. 


30th June, 18965. 


Land set apart for, and in use by, University............ 
Main Building and residence ..... Me a ee 
Museum Building SEDGE © inte. cctepe ea T ana San A ie, Ae Gok ag 
Biological Building pr etace nana ee 

Mrery building) Urs aioe teen aan he: 

Siremical: Building? yt i. ese Brunay ass 
Gymnasium Building eens hice naMeew ane mm Re iett son aid tas yh Maras 
Y. M. 0. A. Hall. 

south Lodges: 2. 2. 


Library . : ee! 

Museum and Biological equipment. . 

Chemical apparatus : OL tye: 
Mineralogical and Geological apparatus PP wrt 
Physical apparatus. . dacs eee 
Psychological apparatus. . 

Mathematical apparatus...... 


Main Building furniture . . 
Residence furniture......... 


$475,361 40 
450,000 00 
73,085 42 
56,659 88 
104,245 93 
64,029 55 
36,288 46 
1 


1,000 00 
260,671 64 


$124,345 83 
22,881 24 


—— $167,294 57 


i, 996-00 


PE ee ioe Ma eng 


Expenditure on Chemical Building ....... Pere We 

Expenditure on Gymnasium Building sie dak eg eg og teoh eg! oa GN 
i= pencivato onelibrary yogis. A eee ee $8,546 37 
Less portion not added to catalogue ........ 2,342 61 


Expenditure on Museum DN ay 
Museum cases and fittings.........<......4. 
Main Building furnishings................... 


_ Additions for 1894-5, 
Return of 30th June, 1894... 


—— 


SCHEDULE 68. 


$1,434,230 21 


6,203 76 

2.345 60 

6,471 64 

268 00 
£4,952 17 
1,349,278 04 

$1,434,230 21 


ial Sek De PRB eS AONAA TEARE A oc aC 


-_ 


Fire INsurANce in Force 30TH Juns, 1895. 


Buildings and Equipment. 


Items. Property. Amount. 
1. The Main Building and East Wing of the University of Toronto, and 
University Wakes Chetan and known as the Main Beane and 
Hast Wing ...... SAR CR APA at Ase a AS SR, St ee ete ay . -$200,000 00 
. Contents thereof, viz. : 
(a) Apparatus, instruments and chemicals. . 17,000 00 
(6) Furniture, fixtures and fittings, utensils and. glass cs GASOS A. a.) LL BOOR 0G 


LE 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


ee se eS ee a 


3. Building of West Wing, adjoining on the north, known as the residence, 
divided into sections as follows : 


(a) Bes Ronen sone. a wal WNT Ge IRE Peet en ie em ncaa 
(5) Contents thereof, . Se cy | a RPE vec atral c ac ac a le 250 00 
(c) Block, including gateway Peek ie oo NE eh, ee Oe 
(d) Contents thereof . ER RMR ohne LS ss Cc ey 150 00 
(e) Double house north of gateway... sia bo: tig bi, REE Onn sede a 10] pam 
(7) Contents thereof .... ASHE aa ae 200 00 | 
(g) Single house between double house and ‘Dean’s House .... .... 4,800 00 . 
(h) Contents thereof..... BT NAR Ushi 3/4 2 ah a eS ee 150 00 | 
(7 Dean's house. § fo.) vayeGuveueate Meee ainsi! 4 se (aka Permian 11,000 00 
(j) Contents fhonen$s ae eR: Ss, ae eee 50 00 
(k) Dining hall, kitchen and Steward’s department.............. 27,000 00 
(Z) Contents thereofd hen sere cA hail: 2 oe 400 00 
4, Library Building, HOrth Wines ene Na, ee ae ee ee ee ee ane 
5. Oontents thereof, viz.: f 
Rurnitures axturessanG fttin See cee ciel selateie (>).  ee 2,500 00 
6. Library Building, south wing adjoining, communicating by fire-proofdoors 19,500 00 
7. Contents thereof, viz.: 
Furniture, fixtures and fittings ....20 0.0. e ee ee ee eee eee 500 00 
8. Books in stack room and reading room of library building............ 77,200 00 
9, Biological Laboratory and Museum Building, divided as follows : 
10, Section known as the Biological Department ...................... 37,000 00 
11. Contents thereof, viz.: 
GDB 12) chy SOE A Sa ict SAR Ap NR SADE eas OLY RAPP YS ws rei aye esta 2 3,000 00 
(b) Apparatus, furniture, fixtures and fittings ...............-.. 9,000 00 — 
i), Section Jcnown-as the Museum |. .0 ov bo ae oe ee ee 
13. Contents thereof, viz.: 
(a) Museum cases, furniture, fixtures and fittings .............. 10,000 00 
(6) Museum collection . Sa eR cele eae Re 
14, Section known as the Medical and Geological department. rae nts te: 20,000 00 
15. Contents thereof, viz.: , 
Apparatus, geological collection, furniture, fixtures and fittings.... 6,300 00 
¥@7" Chemical Laboratory Building.) 5.04022 toca. ae aon ole NG ON Re 
TSM VO NAS UM GIN 0: 2c ices’ eopliege ew sista pellets s)- ua = siewt ye clei ts See erae 15,000. 00 
HO Dany Ms CA tld ani. whip ane «tote cate okpaie ps Oates oad chou tiie An eee Te 5,500 00 
20. Building known as the South Lodge ...........- 2. eee eee eet eees ‘,y3,000700 
21. Two brick cottages lying west of Observatory..........+--.+2+-05:- 1,000 00 


22. Large brick dwelling, including shed and verandah attached, lying west 
of the Chemical Laboratory Building, and known as the Cumberland 


POURG,) shoe ee Ca. on Dee a TRE hakgre a Pe oes Rend EN CLs eRe 5,000 00 
$611,700 00 

Item No. 17 reserved for contents of Chemical Building when in position... 15,000 00 
Total ny Ye aes a a) a iia idly gc Mae eee Oar ean vera 


Buildings upon Upper Canada College Block. 


AS RUYRATCS (OHICO ANG TERIGOMCOE gcse te. cei cus debe le dete ve ola are eae se oie tama mayh ite weet ca $3,000 00 
2. Old master's dwellings. Nos. 1, 2, 3,4. $750 on each).. oak alee ee OO ROO 
3. Old master’s dwellings. Nos. 5 and 6. ($1,000 on ees Pera! 2,000 00 
4, Old master’s dwelling. No.7 .. ite ey at soaker eee NO Oma 
5. Old College Building, used as armory and drill shed een eases rae 7,500 00 
6. Janitor’s dwelling sy dh 9 atten ie eral oer eli Sith ameey 800 00 
< éLenement dwelling tn eo 2.) Sv pede kites earls ib ate atic haat atie ge eevee Beate 800 00 


59 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 37). 


A. 1896 


OCS SA) Say la ee aw a eo feo) el oh a, 6 


ey Lead e a ae ea 8)? Sh OMA en 8, Kiker sy ete rebels) Oi 8).6 eles e)seiah~ <vevelualtr sie te jak, oy 0 i6\o¥eme” soebe 


SCHEDULE 7. 
Unpropuctive Lanps. 
Hoskin Avenue and Devonshire Place survey : 


Amount returned 30th Jung, 1894 . SEE Brongn eee eG. Oe A) 
Addition due to foreclosure bE two atee PONE HEN EIA Naas 8 AN 


——— 


159,768 74 
Unsurveyed block between North Drive and Devonshire Place. 217,657 53 


Surveyed portion between North Drive and Devonshire Place, 
being lots Nos. 51, 52, 54, 69, 70, 71 . Sela ater sl 2) etiam LD ow OU) 


Unsurveyed block east of North Drive. ; anes ome OU, BOL & OO 
Lots Nos. 3, 6, 8, 9 and 22 north of College ees eS A at a 70,029 00 
Upper Canada College block, eee Street, Lorontoy -- i) Weeo 71,7634 
Surveyed lots in Port Hope ...... ‘ eS 7,100 00 
peurveyed lots near belleville. 5 wee nd alee. aioe 1,990 00 
ea iea a wags sty ena kava eee ag HS! . Jee meen ul BOO 
Farm lands . a Rees th SAUD OTE rl A tg SOE aOR A Ta DEE 153 00 
SSRN Sane | 

Return 30th June, 1894. ADRS ENakt hoe ROOL oo Dowel 
Foreclosed sales of Devon Plate ye Sie Aa Re 13,146 34 
Interest on advances to Upper Canada College. Spreeree 2,926 63 


$1,047,471 18 
Less. 
Reserve for future interest on amounts paid 
and to be paid to PRES, Canada ree 


trustees. . $26,643 27 
Farm lands sold for 8700, roviously en- 
tered at.. Pass wee 000700) 
, —— 27,643 27 
ee 
SCHEDULE 8.. 
LeaseD LaNps, 
30th June, 1896. 
SmueoriaOolleceslian im cay ss tia ctece Meets cm ese ot ae le Bae a OO 
ee Wie OO ere SUG iit ick a, core hee eed tA. eu tinass 18 2,500 00 
Bie Bee COL Ve SIUC tris, ay RMAs ha SEL Pots Ee Hs er a ago! 1 00 
GahunkofiGcience site. . ye Sein teers i raaaer ite mete ue ee, OOUUOO 
Tandatcasedsto City of.Torohto.. -... 06 ky 120,000 00 
Paplands techs DA sitathes cay coo neta ete wx kL OO, ASO OU 
Cumberland residence: building TH ore ah tbe Roo Rt a a Wane ANS 13,074 74 
PGT OT aS ICeNTGUCLUy yey feng eter cote n iss ae fad Mame kts. 4469, 6000 QO 
era CAT Ar nMMIPM re ee lpr omiakeyh Re Nee ok ee Bel Se 2,000 00 


% 800 00 
300 00 
300 00 

1,000 00 


.. $22,500 00 


ee 
ORME PSUR 


019,827 91 


019,827 91 


a $309 Thames 


13 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). 


f 


A, 1896 


Park ground rents :— 


Past due ee ee Be a EE eo he eee 


Accrued, but not due. 

City of Toronto payment. . 
Ground rents of business lands :— 

RSL AUG ie ey eC ea ate oe 


School of Science rent :— 
Accrued, but not due....... 


Return 30th June, 18940. 0) a. 
Further payment on Cumberland house. : 
Increased valuation of School of Science ate BAP eet 


Increased park rentals, past due ..........-. eee seen 


Accrued School of Suianee rent.... 


SCHEDULE 9. 
INVESTMENTS. 


30th June, 1895. 


Debentures and municipal bonds ...5............-+++.-%:- 
Interest, past. due «i... 6.065. ees. 
Interest, accrued but not due Pa ao gene ote 

Toans secured by first mortgages, real property. 
Advanced as premiums on fire policies. . 
Interest, past due .. “ae 
Interest, accrued but not due . 

Unpaid purchase money on land sales .. 
Interest, accrued but not due: 

Devonshire Place sales . MRE PL ae eR aes a 
Other pales: eights ko ey eee ele The) Meare ee ele 


Debentures paid off 

Loans repaid .. : 

LOST SE WTIGLOR OL aes pitas ch bie hela emis Sie amnene tlionets nous Wie Leu 
Sales foreclosed . af 

Payments on necount of purchases... 

Decreased interest accretions on sales .. 


Less. 
Debenture re-investments .............0...-.. G49,172 42 
Newsoans: wranted’:, (ate. (Oot era, 4,957 63 
SACS ISOU Mier. wee ecu sue cuenta ae a aR LE Fok 700 00 
Increased debenture interest.... ... ........- 1,682 91 
Increased mortgage interest .......5.. 042.64. 384 08 


Decrease in volume of investments .. 


Return of 30th June, 1894 .. pie as ie 


14 


$7,866 39 


$400,023 13 


Pot Lsl Dame 


88 80 
18,499 00 
127 52 
154 58 


—$400,023 13 


$211,534 09 
181 91 
4,960 24 


-. 598,314 02 


22°44 
6,500 80 
12,350°33 
pees) si 


361 05 
233 76 


41,828 23 


$106,699 99 


56,897 04 


. $49,802 95 


917,499 16 


—— $867,696 21 
. $46,740 76 


———-—— $867,696 21 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A, 1896 


SCHEDULE 10. 
FEES IN ARREAR. 
30th June, 1895, 


Cash advances on behalf of Department of Agriculture............ $223 12 
Oy EE ee OOS oo.) dS cae Se EUS ue at ci sad Oh gibs COU (e S E e Poe 150 00 


Fees of 1898-4, 


Sraera At SLOT OL ALIINO. LS Oe cemetery ala ult cc saa nets eae ofelek Pee ae LO OO 


Fees of 1894-6. 
Faculty of Arts :— 


COOP eet OO TSCEAULON ot Merv ergs ce isla le rave ge a ithe 3, ORNs ese net POUOO 


TS Ora ty ev sew iayshans CPE NY TREE Dh Ser BSE Ia a SP IN RR NO Cf ety 2 00 
Le TOUACION Geet nae ae Che he ie rer t Gl te te Mala lal a gt pee neh at), GO ABOL) 
eV mOCOheO Mae ete i) c ciiiodee Rehan Denny... Veen cee oe” TOO 
RUSEA SLO LOO Ae pre S a re dg Hhutn te « (ET MNO! Yaog Li. Mel Lt eRe y oh ton 20 00 
—— 267 00 


Departmental : 


a a CLE POR aE lame me ee AL soe eas Onl Liar SE Ret ae tee td OL BOL OU 
Dentistry, 17 Degrees.. Beg! Vat rep ar GRAS aber anerryn O iee aed cag #60) 


Medicine, 10 Degrees.. BO Sere lect Nimans viel siecle eat pees mali OU 
Medicine, chemical supply . pee A OSM Sani at | UR SBP TR MAR MR UM inte Bite 6 00 
— 581 00 
$1,331 12 
Contra. 
Refund of double payment of Arts Degree fee.. eee heh UO 


Refund to Medical Faculty of error in fourth year ‘fee, 1893-4. Bate ek 5 00 
Collection on behalf of Medical Faculty after their accounts were 
PIGBOR eres Me peick hops tele creme el tere nap ri tye ath dale de wastes Mare. aa) pO TOO 


100 00 


RUTEST EOL OULD UNE, PLO caiya et ntt ene, chk Gem TRU oicy me Oo) eis eautee aed OS Toe eee 


—, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No: 37). A. 1896 


APPENDIX 2. 


Frees Recerivep, 1894-5. 
Faculty of Aris. 


Subjects. 1st Year. | 2nd Year. | 3rd Year. | 4th Year. Other 


| Receipts. 


ee oe ete $c. $c. So 
Molleve feed: fells sek eS i,. Sra 5,239 00 : 4,429 00 ! 3,554 00 | 4,064 00 25 0 
Gollegepenaltiog | cs. tue tee 31,0077, _ 35.00 tm19.00 | 31700 Shee 
IM AEP COLAGLOM oie ova: oie nosis ave che 6 aise Ope iter De OW. Ws, Ui is cidinteats sie [ean aed eee | Shite Wee sek ae 46 00 
Hxamination (ees... ek cts er aalenaees _.t--| 2,260 00 2,475 00 1,995 00 2,010 00 1,560 00 
DERTCCR TS. 8. oho 04s suininond APRA Py tere Or: Aly ict Cnty I RR aie | i) inte eae 1,460 00 450 00 
We byl SED OLS P21 Pl ns ae GRE ARR Hera, eck 6 00 6 00 | vale abaeaee | pi tidn cis austere 6 00 
Dicneheation ie beat el ane ARETE 00 8 00 | 16 00 6 00 104 00 
Thonors Certiticatear ec: ocala. cc's ks deeeatees | Jee ee Pia 1 Ufa Baad Sr. 4 00 27 00 
Instruction : | | 
Medical Haculty. 014. .6;). udcsot ees. | 868 00 690 00 | Cs ee 
‘Practical SGlence ay. wise. Suse cis aan 871 00 393 00 LL) BOY cay oe kore baat eee ee e 
Laboratory supply : | | 
COSI LOR TAL Uy ere crate oa Sree weal ces Lig re ete ekaen ana sane | 63 00 60 00 10-007 Hoa src 
NUinsralopicale: wee) acuae nien me elon us| eae n eee: |. 30 00 44 00 28 00, /|-.6 eee 
BIOL OpsGA LAS nyc tess <2) <htm crane eee 80 00 | 137 00 200 00 240 00. | eon 
pHa Se reo Nee MNP ipl 3450 | 1200 | 117 00 96 00 1 00 
Psychological...... PP Fe Te lg stops Sele el eee eee eee | ae ARE: Nie 28 00 48 00° irvires sees 
DSPALY aisle va aisteree's: « Hite wa hae hs erga meso wlere | 280 00 364 00 318 00 | 330 00 6 00 
THtAle etic ee ee ke ~ 9.847 50 | 8,644.00 | 6,462 50 | 8,333 00 | 2,225 00 
Medical Faculty. 
| i 
Subjects. 1st Year. | 2nd Year. | 3rd Year. | 4th Year. Pea: 
| eceipts. 
pia 7 I TS NS A es PR Ta EE a ia ee he tart Heal pi OL EY ae eg ee Se se, | ee 
Matriculation uss%h.s.0s.dee. eee as 102 00 ne cain | aes cere 5 00 
FGXAIMIN ALG pcN ads were ae one Nate Bad SMe Sart 610 00 595 00 330 00 | 595 00 180 00 
POST EG c-Si le aces op 6 eae toy wer Bats Bx Sl Riese keene oleae as re te tere al re en eae tot 960 00 | 140 00 
PA Van Sknigtiy » ve cee tes aadea eae 6 00 6 00 GOO Pee eh pelea hea 6 00: 
Chemistry vas arses. yk cee | 189 00 135 00 Stl wie Am | Sad 
DIPLOSY Wh wee cas iedin WN Qe Me ste Rt Meee et 96 00 | LQEMLD PANG eaten s; 1°50). tone 
Viale ee ee abate ako | 1,003 00 | 86575 | 33600 | 1,556 50° 831 00 


16 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


Departmental. 


B. Paed. |Pharmacy 


— —— | —_—_—_—.  ____ 


480 00 me 55 00 195 00 40 00 | 210 00 
5 Beta Sere 2a tay Ge A cm ance eae 260 00 | 270 00 | LOO) OGRE hata ee | 10 00 410 00 
| 


Oe ae 


Hire tty Cari ce CS nn au ney teem An teseS PON, vaio, Aw Wega. aie' a. a seB Sioamec etch $10,850 50 
eCOndryen ty loos min om, oe Meramec raf tifa, oso hatin te os Memes aha Dy DOO AD 
RHI OeyOAnetCes a6 ee eet ete ITS ODL Mie abe e BEN Sr TO SAO SOU 
MOUYCO V car iicos) ews Gist Myo J, /. tal iusto h eb eam. «lh 9. BOOn Ure 
Biscellaneons receipisee yaa tec ts ache Wal Ske dels cieaNeh Ny eee hte, OOO CO 
EWE COS ke Wis ca UN AA RANA tt ch GABA Note BPA Sl aces 515 00 
PESTPATA COLIN OULEGS MP Tats cout sgl cfs sofort aie e ates sae Phas Mate gee os wu 205 V0 
DeTDISUEy LOCH mA OTe a Ae met eae Se Hume, oe | 1 OLOSO0 
REL AC VAT ORR nem mle remy ieicent tame snc men iL a n..\ on Se dats pea che bat 899 00 
WI WTEA COCR Glee 9 © bbe pik Eg ae tend Misael S Ea Ute a Re os AVA 235 00 
ROHAGOCY AIGOSete eta hie earl, Soe Wile 8 fae ob a ate x peat a) ome 50 00 
POOTICU LUT MURALTEALS ws © ater Gael panne so Sie s8Ge) she Clone oe 250 00 
WVICCICA ID Ar ROALS aero et te aya At och aade ts la see a fel > Paces 85 00 
, ———_-—— $42,913 25 


Coilogem topseer nis Wee een eR Eda iale repel ylae vais event Lye bb UO 
ousget nenal lose. ents emi nr eleroig Min aa g siete se atone «les 116 00 
DIE BSP ATET (a I bie ORNS int 2 ak ein ey tear a ae a ee a ee 840 00 
Era TEL III LONG ott ae etme ee ae et a AS ital ier cee mre che ar tants Maer rite 13,770 00 
Lyset Gn eet Umeiee na rs ie al rah hPa ebay tap Nel ereyeleets ©. eS L,L0F OO 
PAC eTIOLOUINae e Ao ere en ee re Bi ete ecard 2. ee UIT epwis, hateta els Senteeats eee 42 00 
HD) ae TLSe UOT ee aac Ae Mee cent Ohi ent re ac fa ate, aac « ieayin 150. 00 
LOVE COLDINCH LOS ate met net re hegre eerste heen cn ROTO Sst Mga wk 33 00 
Teibrary sc. Reet aes SS ee ey Re ME OES 6a, es 1,414 00 
Chemical supply .. BR eR ites ce cick oS EEE Oe Om 133 00 
Mineralogical supply . Bele, 0 LS ape ai i Sar lade 2 102 00 
Biologignk supply graeha le sete aes eee eis ays nen ae» 657 00 
IPL Vv eiCet a0 Dp yard ys, 04 key ace We MeN ec, RR a uae ML aatabe ss ony 260 50 
Esychological Suppl yis a. sty w sway tee a ceisinc sas atta’: «a! nals 76 00 
GSHemistry ASEM CuON gee teed actos gitar ser «/ tenet sie ale «thorn 324 00 
Biological instruction... ... 0... 6... seen ee eee eee eee 222 25 
Practical examination ..... OMT Nie ete maha y Sy anueae ue ie 84 00 
Arts instruction, Medical Faculty. . PO a RERUN, eS ds 1,558 OO 
Arts instruction, School of Practical Science Ot ceme a elny & ae We 1,375 50 
PrOTIeMibUral: ALLOATS is! site as. dow vis y eles oh fa eran 4g oe 250 00 
————— 42,828 25 

Collection of Medical Faculty arrears .............002 sees: $540 00 

GSS BIAS VOR weiss tral ds sitle Maw Maina ew Pais o oetghea yas). «|» 455 00 

—_——_ —— 85 00 


Total payments to Bursar..... Pree Seay ROAM H Es tS nas as baleen coats » $42,913 25 


De, ts 17 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


Agricultural Fees. 


Arrears of 30th June, 1894 . ; A yiee a, A $245 62 
Cash paid y, Bursar to examiners on behalf of department. . 7 227 50 
15 degrees, B.S. A. SE i: aOR mn a ec RANE va eel aa 150 00 

633 12 


Payment, bydepartment . 63.0). 8 elon sleet. Tas kee 250 00 


Due by department, 30th June, 189o ore... eee eee BO ome 
Arrears of 1893-4. 


‘A mount.outstanding.on sOth el Une. Lou 4 yen wets. . see ges eee eee $240 00 
Collections thereon included in miscellaneous receipts.......... $86 00 
Written-off-as arrecoverable {ure cles cre a ents he ane 44 00 


a as 


$110 00 
1898-4, arrears on 80th June, 1895 
ATUSUORTOGS Ftc atic. ti ocifs ce cuagehe sue ihe ventana ee amie iets a oC $50 00 
Vedital depred Aas cat. e's s)> os ace Ute 5 cee een natant re mcrae) 20 00 
Li WJCOOTOOutr imei rats y 5 eeu chats tee aS. Veet cee 40 00 


He 110 00 
1S94-5, Fees in Arrear. 


HP BUNVOa PR LCOS is, 8) 5: ig ods sais empties TL Me Ghee ee res $3 00 
DECONOSY CALLICOS teu, cee ta bli G Sieh an RM bale Len eee 3 00 
SLAIT ZV DAL MCOS Sica cy cae nes Pec oem cc pernee ANNO CEM NIE ics E OR Oe wea 42 00 
BOULLHV CATA GOG NY Ce hrs thal a ahs ae biiie a: etek eM Ek: Coates Sela 705 00 
OStCrAduale toed cin eS, ie Lee corel Sate eee | aaa SSO 95 00 
—--—-—— $848 00 
mlicas dertes eo tWICeipAld ve, pcg e ecce Vee ode emis she, Aa boeeian. Phar 10 00 
$838 00 


APPENDIX 3. 
° Mepicat Facuuty FEEs. 


Year ending 30th June, 1896. 


Class Fees Class Fees Arts DeeClacia Dental. 


paid. unpaid. Faculty. 
c Setce i s $ 6c $ c $ Cc $c 
375 00 LS} rsp an AGal p< We hcppaiebir, © 71 Maen 3,982 00 | 220 00 S68 000 4 Aaa eee eee | meee eit cae 
BOO miaendiieic a, eee ae eB 120 00) te SL10100 690 °00 Utena’ Gattis eaten : 
5 00 OL See eee Pea Soe aes 2,882 00 | Bs 29D (OO 2 sea eed fogs eetions eile ae 


ee ee. | 


5 00 Can bd ae, De oe einer D097 200 2] Sept ear eaanete IRE Nee. Ns Mia 295 00 740 00 


15,101 00 2,625 00 1,558 00 | 295 00 740 00 


18 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). A. 1896 


Medical Faculty Fees Proper. 


Arrears . . 
Year. Total. | paid. Earnings. | Estimate. 


$ Cc $ ec. $ c. $ c. 
BUSA cs « Scgcbyn Robe Sake: DICE EOE ROR I AI tee Dic Laat tha aea 4,202 00 30 00 4,172 00 4,697 00 
RES Oa nee MEAS Rd nh A GE con lag se ays eet eee Sh 3,250 00 3,250 00 3,720 00 


ECL GROMMET SF, bere Cty pte, Pine oan ne ois Sy Me Be acs 5,177 00 425 00 4,752 00 4,930 00 
| 
| 
| 


CUT sap tiga Burk LS 8s did I 1 ee cols a 5,097 00 5,355 00 
710 00 


BEE ae he 5,097 00 
he ee ne 740 00 
15 00 375 00 


Totalecyeos foc 2y6 We Sterne.) he a 18,856 00 | 470 00 | 18,386 00 | 19,797 00 
{ 
| ! 


PAVCLUA CAL DINe ana an aise in meet ent sts, J be mena LO) OOO. 00 
1504: by foes: imiarrea pea tee ach da 22,020 OU 
Earlier arrears paid) is... 0. Gare Se ee ss 470 00 


PACtUaL receipts. LO I4t0 MOPS alii digits tatters a nae ae ae $16,231 00 


1894-5 Frss. 


ROGIStLA LION Mite rolerath-te/- tee iets es SUA ae een ee... py nao 0 20 

Glaaaifeesh ale Wie aN ety ee in a eA, og EMM escola ete LOLOL OO 

@laga foes Unpaid seed a. pyaar tie Man ea. eee me My gO BOM OO 

Bret at ACULb Vis nen ert ee Re ee Gira sek cone x ah DOS OO 

LOA AE a ce Si ame SNL Wiad RE Ne Re MA Ferg ll a Sa 295 00 

1D Y.s7 RE abt pig el arer ee S peal ry dire INA A a Cine eee aaa 740 00 
——-——— $20,709 00 


Less, 


PORTE Dae ene Seen aera ewe Rte lh tact hema alt py 40 O00 
Arts Faculty........ mahal Sero Cys ae OPAL REE EEN cae Miler Sry seouk BOD Len 
PGA OUR MR PRIA MNS or. oy S22 Beet ieee a's acn Mecquarer game gyece 295 00 
ee omU 
ASUS Heaters ws, nies Cann Maun hime yates jc celule hPL by eO Om OO 
Ro -4 MOR GIIN Le bel. shee dn ac calor hatin de MOMS AL, Ache Ren aha ta ete 19,797 00 


Peete LOUAED emma ec hie are, ee ene Sages ee Nyhan $1,411 00 
19 


A. 1896 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 37). 
Arrears. 

Gnpaidsons30th:June,1894 ea snc yeapoteratnee rites bros Seeley Mette: 

o.egistration ees earlier.” 3... fs). nie eee ee sm ds 


1 Anatomy fee earlier .... 
Oollections thereon during 18945... 


1894-5 arrears. 


Total arrears 30th June, 1895._..... 
Since collected by Arts Faculty . mah ae 
6 Third Year instruction fees, 1893- 4 hil fudged 
12 Materia Medica fees, 1893-4 


DEA atoul ys fost] B08 1 /, is au eent uere eect taeer el fee 


ACH irst sear tees..1 894-5 o6 ee ee Me OR a ease nea SP 
Bisecona Wweanstees <1 8944) | eee aie wage tee Go Me eel. 
27 Third Year fees, 1894-5.... 


APPENDIX 4. 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. 


Residence Accounts. 


Income. 
Account. 1892-3. 
. $ Cc 
Rema BEIM TES Sic te yee Mo tte, a: 6 as RPMS Ribena br oe eo tent ae Der 777 10 
BOard oy cinco soa cre lok Se his DARE © are Gleraln ee remere the acral eae ane weer eae 2,919 74 
Steward’s sundries: tire. ccher eee nolan Ceie ie cote roti es overs ar 249 05 
1 AY s) at Ae oie Mh Tree un (ar Oe eR gree re IMR PO i! 8 ERS BAG bs 81 20 
MIOETIMONES TA leks LIA. Se ta cr tieisete wie Cele Gite the ain at) Mente hae ee cae 12 10 
dts Yor Pkg Sie CEs Rit Oi eee MMe Reema el OR Rear cs des Oe Ait tenet 96 45 
CEO tals se3 as sae cre ke ee eG The CCl GL ae Ce sen sae 4,135 64 


$1,225 00 


15 00 
30 00 
$1,270 V0 
470 00 
$800 00 
$2,625 00 
Po Aah ay tea Oe) 
$90 00 
510 00 
189 00 
20 00 
220 00 
110 00 
2,295 00 
—— ————— (3.425500 

1893-4. 1894-5. 

$ Cc. $c 

989 10 773 15 

3,805 15 3,230 05 

207 69 196 85 

131 10 102 30 

78 65 12 00 

61 25 | 41 00 

5,272 94 [sama | se 4,355 35 


59 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 37) A. 1896 


Kependitures. 
| 

Account. 1892-3. 1893-4. 1894-5, 

$ c $ c. $ c 

ERS VIGIOLIE AS a ooo oes faa eS AI ce eee ore as 2,304 85 2,900 94 2,369 19 

UN 7.1 rag $e ee RO cae POSES AIR LY 20. rap) os | a rr 201 74 241 00 342 19 

LECT aie LEE ere mm et Pin erie ie 2 cs 7 NR Ra oe a 337 50 345 48 291 32 

Maintonance and titensila se eee Ce te ee oo oe ee 699 23 501 04 384 04 

GATING y Meee rk Og HEA Sei oe, Sut ee 39 99 63 36 36 11 
Allowance to.Dean ss.c. esse ners filets rere Bird, SS Ae tee te tS | 200 00 20000 lis ce ae tee 

DLGWAECL BIW AROS rsh fet Re OU Peres ie Aulick oe ts! OS 5 ot aout 360 00 | 390 00 330 00 

Other warose we. tee Ma meet Seto earner, Cama NA ty te et ae 483 46 | 600 43 553 98 

LOsaln; pee he etc. 5S tcl ay dire Taka? "ak SPL ed hae A 4,626 77 | 5,242 25 | 4,306 83 


HTL Ge ae aa A oe PEAR ei a a Dl OG SY Os Rn Ce oe ro Ac ok PR 1302 Sidi aes (Deficit ..... Minne | 431 13 
Be ey Dak ayaa ee WA EA Seer A ates el SY Be ee Ae ee 1893-4.......'Surplus..... SO"O9s | ra asa 
Ch inh Sei ic lap oa San en alg Oe ane A a a Ue ea ee eae 1894-5......./Surplus..... 48) BOCs hagas 
moe warece | tgs el! 
Deficit for three years..........-.-0.0255: Asche Nee Se te Pavertee IM ERAN ORE NE er eS “411 92. 
PUSDLUS Of OUGLE ULIOm Loe camt are sup in Oe tae ee Ree OM han yes Oy AU UN ah Pe RTEMR | shah = whoa Selo oes Mine eee 348 27 
Deficit on 30th June, 1895.............. die Ne <4 Utreee Deng a SSA ee Ee Cre ck ME eR OO ELL Ae 63 65° 


The $4,306.83 appearing as expenditures for the year 1894-5 includes $441.96 due on 30th June, 1895, 
but not paid. 


21 


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OF THE 


COMMISSIONERS ON THE DISCIPLINE 


AND OTHER MATTERS 


IN THE 


UNDVERSIDY OF: TORONTO: 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 


TORONTO: 
WARWICK BROS. & RUTTER, PRINTERS, &c., 68 & 70 FRONT STREET WEST. 
1895. 


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(L.8.) GEORGE A. KIRKPATRICK, 


Lieutenant-Governor. 
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 


VictTorIA, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- 
land, QUEEN, Defender of the Faith, ete., etc., ete. 


To the Honorable Thomas Wardlaw Taylor, Chief Justice of our Province of 
Manitoba; John Juchereau Kingsmill, of our City of Toronto, Esquire, Bar- 
rister-at-Law ; Edmund John Senkler, Esquire, Judge of the County Court 
of our County of Lincoln in our said Province of Ontario; Byron Moffatt 
Britton, of our City of Kingston in our said Province of Ontario, Esquire, 
B.A., one of our Counsel learned in the Law, and Professor John Campbell, 
of our City of Montreal in our Province of Quebec, M.A., LL.D., our Com- 
missioners in this behalf. 


GREETING : 


O. Mowat, (| WHEREAS in and by chapter seventeen of the Revised 
_ Attorney-General.) Statutes of our Province of Ontario, entitled “An Act 
respecting Inquiries concerning Public Matters,” it is enacted that whenever the 
Lieutenant-Governor of our said Province-in-Council deems it expedient to cause 
inquiry to be made into and concerning any matter connected with the good 
government of our said Province, or the conduct of any part of the public busi- 
ness thereof, or the administration of Justice therein, and such inquiry is not 
regulated by any special law, the Lieutenant-Governor may, by the Commission 
in the case, confer upon the Commissioners or persons by whom such inquiry is 
to be conducted, the power of summoning before them any party or witnesses, and 
of requiring them to give evidence on oath, orally or in writing (or on solemn 
affirmation if they be parties entitled to affirm in civil matters), and to produce 
such documents and things as such Commissioners deem requisite to the full 
investigation of the matters into which they are appointed to examine, and that 
the Commissioners shall then have the same power to enforce the attendance of 
such witnesses, and to compel them to give evidence and produce documents and 
things, as is vested in any Court in Civil Cases: but that no party or witness 
shall be compelled to answer any question by his answer to which he might 
render himself liable to criminal prosecution ; 

And whereas it has been made to appear to the Executive Government of 
our said Province that complaints have been made in respect of the discipline 
and exercise of authority by the Councils of the University of Toronto and Uni- 
versity College, and in respect of the friction alleged to exist between the 
students and the said Councils, and in respect of the qualifications, conduct, 
teaching and efficiency of members of the Faculties of the University of Toronto 
and University College, and in respect of the powers of the various governing 
bodies of the University of Toronto and University College with regard to the 
students of the said University and College ; 

And whereas the Lieutenant-Governor of our said Province of Ontario in- 
Council deems it expedient that inquiry should be made into the said complaints ; 

Now know ye that we, having and reposing full trust and confidence in you 
the said Thomas Wardlaw Taylor, John Juchereau Kingsmill, Edmund John 
Senkler, Byron Moffatt Britton and John Campbell, do hereby by and with the 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


advice of our Executive Council of our said Province appoint you, the said 
Thomas Wardlaw Taylor, John Juchereau Kingsmill, Edmund John Senkler, 
Byron Moffatt Britton and John Campbell to be our Commissioners in this behalf 
to inquire into all complaints that may be submitted by any student, or by any 
person on behalf of any student, in respect to the discipline or exercise of autho- 
rity by the Councils of the University of Toronto and University College, and 
into all causes that led to the friction alleged to exist between such students and 
the said Councils, and into all matters bearing thereon ; also into the qualifica- 
tions, conduct, teaching and efficiency of any member of the Faculties of the Uni- 
versity of Toronto and University College against whom any charge or complaint 
may be laid before you, our said Commissioners, and to inquire into the respec- 
tive powers of the various governing bodies of the University of Toronto and 
University College, and, so far as may be deemed necessary, into all matters bear- 
ing on the administration of such bodies since the date of the proclamation of the 
Revised Statutes of our Province of Ontario, chaptered two hundred and thirty, 
and entitled “ An Act respecting the Federation of the University of Toronto and 
University College with other Universities and Colleges,” including their cealing 
with the discipline of students and the various societies and associations of 
students, and to report to the Visitor of the University of Toronto and Univer- 
sity College with all convenient speed the evidence respecting all these matters, 
together with such findings and recommendations as to our said Commissioners 
may seem just and proper. : 

Giving to you, our said Commissioners, full power and authority to summon 
before you any party or witness, and to require him, or them, to give evidence 
on oath, orally or in writing (or on solemn affirmation if such party or witnesses 
is or are entitled to affirm in civil matters), and to produce to you, our said Com- 
missioners, such documents and things as you may deem requisite to the full 
investigation of the premises, together with all and every other power and 
authority in the said Act mentioned and authorized to be by us conferred on 
any Commissioner appointed by authority or in pursuance thereof ; 

And we do require you, our said Commissioners, forthwith after the conclu- 
sion of such inquiry, to make fall report to our said Lieutenant-Governor touch- 
ing the said investigation, together with all or any evidence taken by you 
concerning the same. 

To have, hold and enjoy the said office and authority of Commissioners for 
and during the pleasure of our said Lieutenant-Governor ; 


And we do hereby appoint the said Thomas Wardlaw Tay!or to be Chairman 
of this our said Commission. | 


In testimony whereof, we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent 
and the Great Seal of our said Province of Ontario to be hereunto affixed. 
Witness: The Honorable George Airey Kirkpatrick, member of our Privy 
Council for Canada and Lieutenant-Governor of our said Province of Ontario. 
At our Government House, in our City of Toronto, in our said Province, this 
sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
ninety-five, and in the fifty-eighth year of our Reign. 


By command, 


J. M. GIBSON, 
Secretary. 


sien ee ele 
seve oft sl 


COPY OF AN ORDER IN COUNCIL APPROVED BY HIS HONOR THE 
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR THE 6TH DAY OF APRIL, A.D. 1895. 


The Committee of Council advise that in accordance with the provisions of 
Chapter 17 of the Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1887, entitled “An Act respect- 
ing Inquiries concerning Public Matters,” a Commission be issued under the 
Great Seal of the Province of Ontario, addressed to the Honorable Thomas 
Wardlaw Taylor, Chief Justice of the Province of Manitoba; John Juchereau 
Kingsmill, of the City of Toronto, Esquire, Barrister-at-law; Edmund John 
Senkler, Esquire, Judge of the County Court of the County of Lincoin; Byron 
Moffatt Britton, of the City of Kingston, Esquire, one of Her Majesty’s Counsel 
learned in the law, and John Campbell, of the City of Montreal, Esquire, M.A., 
LL.D., to inquire into all complaints that may be submitted by any student, or by 
any person on behalf of any student, in respect of the discipline or exercise of 
authority by the Councils of the University of Toronto and University College ; 
and into all causes that led to the friction alleged to exist between such students 
and the said Councils, and into all matters bearing thereon; also into the qualifi- 
cations, conduct, teaching and efficiency of any member of the Faculties of the 
University of Toronto and University College against whom any charge or com- 
plaint may be laid before them; and to inquire into the respective powers of the 
various governing bodies of the University of Toronto and University College 
with respect to the students of the said University and College, and so far as 
may be deemed necessary into all matters bearing on the administration of such 
bodies since the date of the proclamation of the University Act, 1887, R. 8. O. 
Chap. 230, including their dealing with the discipline of students, and the various 
societies and associations of students, and to report to the Visitor of the Univer- 
sity of Toronto and University College with all convenient speed the evidence 
respecting all these matters, together with such findings and recommendations as 
to them may seem just and proper, and that Your Honor by the said Commis- 
sion confer upon the said Commissioners the powers authorized by the said Act. 


The Committee further advise that the Honorable Thomas Wardlaw Taylor 
be appointed the Chairman of the said Commission. 


Certified, 


J. LONSDALE CAPREOL, 
Asst. Clerk, Executive Council. 


The Honorable the Provincial Secretary. 


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OF THE 


UNIVERSITY COMMISSION 


Zo the Honorable GEORGE AIREY KIRKPATRICK, 
LIneutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario, 
Visitor of the University of Toronto and of University College :— 


May 1r PLEASE Your Honor: 


The Commissioners appointed by a Commission bearing date the 6th day of 
April, 1895, and directing them to inquire into all complaints that may be sub- 
mitted by any student, or by any person on behalf of any student, in respect of 
the discipline or exercise of authority by the Councils of the University of 
Toronto and University College, and into all causes that led to the friction 
alleged to exist between such students and the said Council, and into all matters 
bearing thereon ; also into the qualifications, conduct, teaching and efficiency of 
any member of the Faculties of the University of Toronto and University College 
against whom any charge or complaint may be laid; and to inquire into the 
respective powers of the various governing bodies of the University of Toronto 
and University College, with respect to the students of the said University and 
College, and so far as may be deemed necessary, into all matters bearing on the 
administration of such bodies since the date of the proclamation of the Revised 
Statute of the Province of Ontario, chaptered 230, and entitled “ An Act respecting 
the Federation of the University of Toronto and University College with other 
Universities and Colleges,” including their dealing with the discipline of students 
and the various societies and associations of students, and to report to the Visitor 
of the University of Toronto and University College, with all convenient speed, 
the evidence respecting all these matters, together with such findings and recom- 
mendations as might to them seem just and proper, have the honor to report. 


1. The Commissioners met on the 8th day of April, 1895, at the Biological 
Department Buildings, and were attended by Mr. W. R. Riddell as Counsel, 
representing certain undergraduates of the University; by Mr. 8. H. Blake as 
Counsel, representing the University Council and University College Council, 
and by Mr. H. J. Scott as Counsel, representing certain Professors who might be 
affected by the proceedings. Evidence was taken under oath and reduced to 
writing by a sworn stenographer. 


2, On the opening of the proceedings, Mr. Riddell stated that he was pre- 
pared to lodge a complaint on behalf of a student who felt aggrieved by the 
exercise of discipline in his case by the University Council, and also a historical 
statement of the causes which, in the opinion of the students, have led to the 
friction alleged to exist between the Councils and the students, but that the 
students were not prepared to submit any complaints or charge against any indi- 
vidual Professor. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


3. Thereupon the Commissioners directed that the complaint on behalf of 
the student feeling aggrieved, and the proposed historical statement, should be 
lodged and copies given to the Counsel representing the Councils and professors. 


They also caused an advertisement to be inserted in several of the daily 
newspapers, namely, the Globe, the Maul and Empire, and the World, stating 
that they were prepared to proceed with the inquiry, and inviting any person 
who desired to lay before them any complaint or charge connected with the mat- 
ters as to which they are directed to inquire, to do so. A copy of that advertise- 
ment (Exhibit A) is transmitted herewith. 


4. In pursuance of the directions given, there was lodged a complaint on 
behalf of Mr. James Alexander Tucker, the student who had been suspended 
from lectures in the University and from all privileges of the University until 
otherwise ordered, setting out a statement of alleged facts, and submitting (1) 
that it was, under the circumstances, beyond the powers of the University 
Council in law to suspend him:from lectures and the privileges of the University, 
and (2) that if the power existed, it had been unwisely and unfairly used against 
him. A copy of this complaint (Exhibit B) is transmitted herewith. 


5. From the evidence taken, it appears that there is a paper known as the 
Varsity published weekly during a part of each year. It is the property of the 
_ students, and is issued under the superintendence of an Editorial Board and 
Business Board, on each of which the Literary and Scientific Society of University 
College, the Women’s Literary Society and the School of Practical Science, are 
represented. In the autumn of 1894 Mr. Tucker was the Editor in Chief, and in 
December of that year he was succeeded as Editor by Mr. Montgomery. In the 
issues of that periodical between the 11th of October, 1894, and the 16th of 
January, 1895, various articles appeared, which were considered by members of 
the University Council to contain grave charges relating to the appointment of 
certain members of the teaching staff, their qualifications for the positions held 
by them, and reflecting upon the action of the Councils in regard to certain 
matters with which they had to deal. These articles were, in the opinion of 
members of the Council, expressed in language which was offensive, and likely 
to foster a spirit of insubordination among the students. On the 18th of January, 
1895, the University Council met to consider what action should be taken in 
connection with an article which had appeared in the Varsity of the 16th of January, 
when the following resolution was passed: “ That the President be requested to 
“call the editor before him and inform him that the Council requires that an 
“ apology, satisfactory to the President, shall be inserted in the next issue of the 
“ paper for the article published this week (pp. 104-5), and also that the President 
“shall be requested to instruct the editor that unless an apology is made, all 
“ privileges of the paper arising from its connection with the University will be 
“ withdrawn, and that on the publication of any similar objectionable articles in 
“future, the Council has decided to at once expel the editor.” 


6. The President of the University then had an interview with Mr. 
Montgomery, the editor of Varsity, who prepared and submitted an apology 
with which the President was satisfied, and which he required should, in pursuance 
of the terms of the Council’s resolution, be published in the next issue of the 
Varsity. Upon the editor submitting this apology to the Editorial Board of the 
Varsity, they refused to permit the publication of it, or of any other apology, in 
the columns of that paper, and Mr. Montgomery resigned the position of editor. 
Thereupon Mr. Tucker was chosen as editor in his place, accepting the position, 
as he stated in his evidence, on the distinct understanding that there should be 
no apology, and prepared to take the consequences. Previous to that, on the 


8 


| 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). ASAE OG 


22nd of January, a mass meeting of students had been held, when a resolution was 
passed that no apology should appear in the Varszty. 


7. The next issue of the Varsity on the 26th of January, appearing without 
an apology, the University Council again met on the 29th of January, Mr. Tucker 
being present, when four questions were put to, and answered by him—the 
questions and answers as they appear in the minutes of the Council being: “ (1) 
“Were you Editor in Chief of the Varsity for the issue of the 26th instant? A. I 
“was. (2) Did you understand that the Council required a satisfactory apology 
“ to be inserted in the issue of the paper next following the issue of January the 16th 
“ containing an article objectionable to the Council? A. I understood. (3) Have 
“vou any explanation to offer? A. At the mass meeting held on the 22nd 
“Instant, a resolution was adopted, that no apology should appear in the Varsaty 
“except for any erroneous statements which might have been made. That at a 
“meeting of the Editorial Board held on Thursday last the apology sent to the 
“Council by Mr. Montgomery had been considered, and that a resolution had been 
“passed refusing to publish the apology. (4) Did you write the letter in the 
“ Mail of January the 23rd, 95, signed James A. Tucker (class of 95)? A. I did, 
“T wrote it on January the 10th. Before he withdrew, Mr. Tucker made the 
“additional statement: That the Editorial Board desired to take a strong stand 
“upon the right to criticize in a candid way the action of the University authori- 
“ties, and it was with that in view that I was appointed as Editor in Chief. 
“That they had refused to publish Mr. Montgomery’s apology because it was too 
“broad.” On his examination before the Commissioners Mr. Tucker stated that 
the questions and answers are correctly given in the minutes of the Council, except 
that his answer to the second question was: “I was, but not through any official 
“intimation.” 


At that meeting of the Council the following resolution was passed :— 

“Tn view of the decision of the Council of January the 18th, requiring the 
“ Editor of the Varsity to insert in the next following issue of the paper a satis- 
“factory apology for an objectionable article published in the issue of January 
“the 16th, and in view of the fact that the editor of the paper, J. A. Tucker, has 
“not published the apoloyy in question as required by the decision of the Council, 
“resolved, that he be suspended from lectures in the University, and from all 
“ privileges of the University, until otherwise ordered by the Council.” 


8. At a meeting of the University College Council held on the 19th of March, 
1895, the President informed the Council of the final decision of the University 
Council with respect to Mr. Tucker, and thereupon the following resolution was 
adopted: “That in view of the suspension by the University Council of Mr. J. A. 
“Tucker, editor of Varsity, for refusing to publish in that paper, after being 
“yequired to do so by the University Council, a satisfactory apology for an attack 
“on the University Council which appeared in the issue of Varsity of January 
“the 16th, 1895, this Council resolves that Mr. Tucker be suspended, until other- 
“ wise ordered.” 


9. The Commissioners are of opinion, that while considerable latitude should 
be allowed to the students in carrying on their paper, and in discussing matters 
connected with the University and its affairs, the articles complained of were 
offensive, and entirely beyond the line of fair comment upon the matters with 
which they professed to deal. Also, that Mr. Tucker, although not the writer of 
some of those articles, accepting the editorship at the time he did, on the under- 
standing that there should be no apology, and stating as he did when examined as 
a witness, that he approved of the language used in those articles, could stand in 
no better position than Mr. Montgomery, the Editor, at the time of their publica- 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 - 


tion. The claim made that he was the only person qualified according to the Con- 
stitution of the Varsity to act as Editor in Chief, so that had he not accepted the 
position, the result would have been that the students’ organ must either have 
gone out of existence, or been carried on in defiance of the Constitution, was 
entirely displaced by a reference to that Constitution. 


10. The Commissioners find that under the various statutes of the province 
relating to the University of Toronto and University College, and in virtue of the 
authority and powers inherent in these bodies as Academic Institutions the Uni- 
versity Council and University College Council were within their jurisdiction in 
dealing with the case of Mr. Tucker as they did. They are, however, of opinion 
that the course of the Council would have been more consistent had they, instead 
of suspending Mr. Tucker, acted on the first resolution, and on the failure to pub- 
lish the apology, withdrawn all the privileges of the paper arising from its 
connection with the University. 

11. The Historica! Statement lodged with the Commissioners, was a lengthy 
narrative of events alleged to have occurred in, and to have been connected with 
the University of Toronto from the early part of November, 1894, down to the 
end of February, 1895. A copy of it (Exhibit C) is transmitted herewith. 

That document concluded by saying: “But back of all this is the sentiment 
“which the President of the University has inspired in the students towards 
“him. The sentiment referred to as inspired by President Loudon, is a feeling 


“that President Loudon is unworthy of belief, that no confidence can be placed 


“in the truth of his statements, and further that in approaching him the student 
“ feels that he is approaching one who is lying in wait to entrap him, and not one 
“ who is desirous of assisting the student in his difficulties, or smoothing over mat- 
“ters of irritation, to one who is more anxious arbitrarily to exercise authority 
“than to remove causes of complaint. Never once, so far as is known to the 
“members of the Political Science Club, has President Loudon made an effort to 
“reconcile the Council with the Club, or the members thereof. In connection 
“with this also, and as one of the causes of the friction, must be considered the 
“charges made by Professor Dale in his letter to the Toronto Globe above referred 
“to, and it is believed that the Council were also to a certain extent incensed at 
“articles which had appeared at various times in the Varsity. ‘The causes, it is 
“submitted, which led to the present state of friction between the Councils and 
“ the students, are as follows :— 

“(1) The facts alleged in the issues of the Varsity of date October the 17th, 
“ October the 31st, November the 7th, and November the 28th, 1894. (2) The 
“publication of such facts in the Varsity. (3) The unwise action of the Council 
“in reference to the programme of addresses of the Political Science Club. (4) 
“The unconciliatory manner and actions of the gentleman (President Loudon) 
_ “entrusted by the Councils with communicating. to the students the resolutions 
“of the Council. (5) The unwise and unlawful attempt by the Councils to inter- 
“fere with the criticism on the part of the Varsity. (6) Threats of suppression 
“of the Varsity, and threats of expulsion of the editor. (7) The attempt to render 
“ Mr. Tucker responsible for Mr. Montgomery’s articles, and to force him to print 
“an apology which it was neither his duty nor in his power to do. (8) The 
“uncalled for suspension of Mr. Tucker. (9) Articles printed in the Toronto 
“papers written or inspired by members of the University Council attacking Pro- 
“fessor Dale. (10) The facts alleged in Professor Dale’s letter to the Globe of the 
“9th of February. (11) The summary dismissal of Professor Dale. (12) The 
“refusal on the part of the University Council to reinstate Mr Tucker. (18) 
“ Want of confidence on the part of the students in President Loudon as herein- 
“ before referred to.” 

10 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 33). A. 1896 


12. The evidence taken by the Commissioners has established that a good 
deal of friction between the Councils and the students has existed for some time 
past. 


The alleged causes arising out of interference with the criticism on the part 
of the Varsity and the dealing with Mr. Tucker by the University Council, have 
been practically disposed of before, under the head of his complaint against the 
action of the Council. 


There was no proof of any articles having been printed in the Toronto papers 
written or inspired by members of the University Council attacking Professor 


Dale. 


13. The statements made in the letter of Professor Dale to the Globe of 
9th February were not properly facts, they were mere assertions. While no 
doubt the dismissal of that gentleman caused great excitement among the students, 
and led to no small part of the trouble which cccurred, it must be remembered 
that this was the act of the Government, and it is impossible to see how any other 
course could have been pursued towards him. 


14, As the conduct of the Chancellor of the University has been attacked in 
this connection, the Commissioners have deemed it proper to deal with the matter 
somewhat in detail. The letter of Professor Dale, was, in the first instance, sent 
for publication signed only “A Graduate,” but upon the newspaper refusing to 
publish it as an anonymous letter, he signed his name to it. It appeared in the 
daily Globe newspaper on the 9th of February 1895, and contained the following 
language with reference to a letter which had previously appeared in the same 
paper and written by Mr. Walker, one of the Board of Trustees: “How can Mr. 
“Walker happen to know that the Hon. Edward Blake never approached any 
“member of the Government in connection with his son-in-law’s appointment ? 
“ How can he know that Mr. Wrong’s friend, one of the Professors of the Univer- 
“sity, was not approached by some one in the same connection? How does it 
“happen as a result of the suggestion of this friend Mr. Wrong was enabled to 
“ obtain such favorable consideration at the hands of the Government? Is it not 
“a much more plausible theory of an appointment which outraged the feelings © 
“both of the staff and of the students, that it was brought about—no one, of 
“ course, can tell how—by the intluence of the Chancellor ?” 


When examined as a witness before the Commissioners after some questions 
had been put and answered with reference to statements in the letter about the 
appointment of Professor Wrong—questions were asked and answered as follows :— 


“@. Again there seems to bea suggestion that this was brought about by 
“the influence of the Chancellor: that is the Hon. Edward Blake. What founda- 
“tion is there for that statement? <A. Of course the first foundation would be 
“that the irregularity in the case would naturally lead to that inference; that 
“might be almost a sufficient reason, simply the relationship existing between 
“Mr. Wrong and the Chancellor; at the same time I had other reasons for the 
“ statement. 


“(. And those other reasons were? A. The information which I received 
“from a member of the cabinet, which I think justified the belief—from a member 
“of the Ontario Government. 


“Q. And what was that? A. That Mr. Blake had mentioned the applica- 
“tion of Mr. Wrong for the position to him.” 


It further appeared that the member of the Ontario Government referred to 
was the Hon. Mr. Harcourt, the Treasurer of the Province. That gentleman was 
examined as a witness and stated, that while acting as Minister of Education, he 

11 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


had a conversation with Mr. Dale, an old College friend, in which University 
matters were discussed. He stated that when speaking of certain matters: “I 
“oathered from his manner, from what he said, that he thought that Mr. Blake 
“»erhaps had interfered with these appointments. He did not say that he had. 
“Mr. Dale never said that to me, that Mr. Blake had interfered, or that he knew 
“that he interfered. I wished to disabuse his mind of any such notion as to this 
“particular appointment of Professor Wrong. I stated to Mr. Dale then that I 
“had only once overheard the Chancellor mention the name of his son-in-law, and 
“on that occasion the reference to it was parenthetical, it was an interjection. 
“ What he said, he said speaking even more rapidly than he ordinarily does, and 
“he said, as to that matter, speaking of the History appointment, we had been 
“ discussing two or three other matters, the Chancellor and myself—I was then 
“acting Minister of Education—he said, ‘As to that I can say nothing, as Mr. 
“ Wrong is my son-in-law.’ His manner of speech forbade my saying a word, and 
“ T did not say a word, had not time to if I wished, and in justice to the Chancellor 
“ who is absent, I want very strongly to say this, that what he did say was said by 
“ way of interjection, and that he himself forbade me speaking of it at all. Now 
“T had better say how I came to see Mr. Blake. I saw Mr. Blake in his own 
“ office, with a view of settling one or two matters. This is some time ago, it will 
“ be remembered, and I could not be expected definitely as to date and as to words, 
“to recallitall ; buttheonematter related to Dr. Kirschimann or Prof. Kirschimann, 
“T do not know what his title is; the other matter related to Mr. McEvoy. Those 
“were the main matters discussed. The interview closed with my undertaking 
“to correspond with Dr. Kirschimann, which I did: it closed with his undertaking 
“to come to some understanding with McEvoy, and with that matter I had 
“nothing else to do thereafter. This matter then came up only incidentally and 
“it was hurriedly, as I say, disposed of in just those words to which I have 
“ alluded.” 


15. The Commissioners find that there is no foundation for any charge, or 
even suspicion, that the Chancellor, Hon. Edward Blake, used his influence to 
have the appointment of Professor Wrong made, or that hein any way interfered 
about it. Also, that there was nothing said by Hon. Mr. Harcourt to Mr. Dale 
which could in the slightest degree justify the statement that he had, 
as a reason for saying the appointment of Professor Wrong was brought abcut by 
the influence of the Chancellor, information which he received from a member of 
the Government. 


16. The action of the Council in reference to the programme of addresses of 
the Political Science Club had also a good deal to do with the friction and trouble 
which existed. That Club was formed last autumn among the students in the 
department of Political Science, was numerically strong, and had Professor Mavor 
as its honorary president. At a meeting of the Executive Committee held on the 
7th of November, 1894, a programme of the meetings of the Club during the 
winter was prepared and written down by Professor Mavor. At that meeting it 
was proposed, by a member of the Club, that one meeting should be devoted to 
the subject of labor, and that two men, Messrs. Jury and Thompson, who had 
devoted considerable attention to that subject, should be asked to address the Club 
at that meeting. To this proposal Professor Mavor made no opposition, but 
knowing that some years before, when Mr. Jury had addressed, or been expected 
to address, a then existing Political Science Association in the University, objec- 
tion had been taken to his doing so, he warned the members of the Committee 
that there might be opposition again, saying at the same time, that the proposal 
possibly could be carried out, provided it were kept quiet. By indiscretion on 
the pxrt of some one, it was the next day, or within a few days after, announced 

12 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A, 1896 


in a newspaper in the city of Toronto, that Messrs. Jury and Thompson were to 
address the Club. At the next meeting of the Committee, Professor Mavor said 
to them, that in consequence of this public announcement, what was before 
difficult had now become well nigh impracticable, according to some members of 
the Club, or as Professor Mavor remembers the statement, “now impossible.” In 
the meantime, a copy of the programme containing the names of Messrs. Jury 
and Thompson had been sent to President Loudon to be laid before the Council. 
That the programme of a society or association, such as the Club, should be laid 
before the Council, does not seem to have been required by any written rule or 
regulation which can now be produced. It was said, that to do so was at une time 
imperative, but it was admitted that none has been laid before the Council since 
the great fire, and it may be for some time even before then. But be that as it 
may, there can, from the evidence, be no doubt that the Committee of the Club 
expected and understood that this particular programme was to be laid before the 
Council. At this second meeting, the question of having Messrs. Jury and 
Thompson address the Club was again discussed, and while the members of the 
Club no doubt expressed a strong desire to hear them, Professor Mavor received 
the impression that he was authorized to strike out their names from the pro- 
gramme, and he accordingly did so before it was presented to the Council. The 
programme does not seem to have been formally submitted to the Council for 
approval or approved of, but in the minutes of a meeting held on the 19th of 
November there is an entry that the secretary of the Political Science Club wrote 
submitting a programme for the season, and asking for the use of some one room 
in University College for the regular meetings of the Club, and of the Hall in the 
Gymnasium for their public meetings. The first request was granted, and the 
second referred to the joint Committee on the Gymnasium for action. The pro- 
gramme then before the Council did not contain the names of Messrs. Jury and 
Thompson. As the opening meeting of the Club was to be held on the 28th of 
‘November, and to be addressed by Professor Mavor, the Honorary President of 
the Club, it was desired to have a printed programme for the season ready by that 
time. At the second meeting of the Committee, Professor Mavor distinctly stated 
that a proof of this programme must be shown to him before it was struck off 
and issued. It was placed in the printer's hands without the two names in ques- 
tion, but after Mr. Greenwood, the President of the Club, knew from Professor 
Mavor that the Council had passed it without them, and subsequently, on his 
saying that the Club was bound to hear these men, receiving from Professor Mavor 
the reply that he was afraid they would have to go down town to hear them, Mr. 
Greenwood added the names to the copy in the printer’s hands. No proof was 
ever shown to Professor Mavor, who for the first time saw the programme when 
about to begin his lecture to the clubon the 28th of November, about 100 copies hay- 
ing then been distributed. It is sought to excuse the not showing a proof to Pro- 
fessor Mavor on the ground that the printer did not send it until about 1 o’clock 
on the afternoon of the 28th, the programme itself having then to be struck off 
before 4 o'clock. It is, however, plain from the evidence that the copy had been 
for some days in the printer’s hands and that no such effort was made to urge 
him on as might have been made, and which would have secured a proof in time 
for its having been shown, as promised, to Professor Mavor. In consequence of 
this breach of faith, as he regarded it, and as he was justified in regarding it, 
Professor Mavor resigned the Honorary Presidency of the Club. Followimg upon 
this, letters were written by the C.ub to the Council and considered by that body, 
the result being that the approval of the Council to the programme, which had 
been given, was revoked. In connection with this, an attempt was made to show 


13 


ile 


7 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


OUI eel ee ene eee ee a eee a ee ee tare cece ioreorie te oo tae snes ey 


that the Council acted for an entirely different reason from that which they gave. 
No doubt, objection existed to Messrs. Jury and Thompson being permitted to 
lecture inthe University on the ground of the religious opinions, of at all events 
the first named: and members of the Council, while not themselves taking any 
such ground, felt that they must respect the scruples and feelings of a large and 
influential number of those who are supporters of the University, or connected 
with affiliated institutions; but there is no doubt upon the evidence, that the final 
action of the Council with reference to the programme of the Political Science 
Club was really based upon the reason assigned, that one programme having been 
approved of, the club had printed and issued a different one, as the members of 
the Council believed, in opposition to, and in defiance of their authority. 


17. During this dispute between the Council and the Political Science Club, 
the members of the latter seem to have put forward the wholly untenable claim 
that they had the right to select outside lecturers to deliver lectures and addresses 
within the University, and to do so while the statute expressly provides 
that no lecturing or teaching of any kind shall be carried on in the University by 
any others except the duly appointed professors and teachers, without the authority 
of the University Council. A 


18. Having dealt with the preceding matters, it may not be out of place to 
refer more particularly to the provisions of the statute. 

By the second section of chapter 230 of R.S. 0. (1887) it is enacted that 
“The University of Toronto shall continue to be a body corporate, with power to 
“hold any real property assigned to it under the provisions of any former Act or of 
“this Act, and with such other powers and privileges as are conferred upon it by 
« those portions of the charter remaining in force, which were granted in the eighth 
“vear of the reign of His late Majesty, King George the Fourth, or by any former 
«“Act, but such powers shall be exercised in accordance with the provisions of this 
“ Act. 


« (2) The Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor, and the Senate and all officers, and 
“all existing appointments, statutes, rules and regulations affecting such Univer- 
“ sity, shall continue, subject to the provisions of this Act.” 


By the 68th section it is enacted that “The Collegiate Institution heretofore 
“constituted at the City of Toronto by the name of ‘ University College,’ is hereby 
“ eontinued, and the body corporate called ‘ The Council of University College,’ and 
“the President, Professors, officers, servants and all other existing appointments, 
“and all statutes, by-laws, rules and regulations of such Council are hereby con- 
“tinued, subject to the provisions of the Act.” 


By the 56th section it is enacted that “The University Council shall consist 
“of a President, appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council (who shall also 
“be President of University College) and of the Professors of the University ; and 
“ sych Council shall have full authority and entire responsibility of discipline over 
“all students in relation to the lectures and other instruction by the Professors, 
“Jecturers and other teachers of the University, and no lecturing or teaching of 
“any kind shall be carried on in the University or in the School of Science by any 
“others except the duly appointed professors and teachers, without the authority, 
“of the University Council.” 


By the 57th section it is enacted that “The University Council shall have 
“entire authority and responsibility for ail work carried on by societies and 
“ associations of students of the University, provided always that all such authority 
«and responsibility shall be limited to the conduct of the students in relation to 
“sch societies and associations as are organized in connection with the Univer- 
Se aibyi 

14 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


By force of the two sections just quoted, ve., the 2nd anl the 68th, the 
respective powers of the University and of University College are fully preserved, 
except so far as altered by the Revised Statute, and the only alteration to be 
found is what is made by sections 56 and 57. | 

The effect of these last named sections is to vest in the University Council 
the powers named in them, and if any of these had previously been vested in the 
council of University College, they have ceased to be so vested. 


No mode is pointed out in which the authority given by these sections is to. 
be carried into execution, and no express authority to pass statutes or regulations. 
is given, and it would appear that the authority can be exercised directly with- 
out any such statutes or regulations being passed. 

it is clear that under the last clause of section 56, the persons engaged by 
the Political Science Club to deliver lectures in this University must be duly 
appointed professors or teachers of the University, or must have the authority of 
the University Council. 

It is also clear that the Varsity is a paper issued by a society or association 
of students of the University organized in connection with the University, and 
fairly comes under the term “ work carried on” used in that section, and conse- 
quently the University Council has entire authority and responsibility for it. 


These considerations show that the conduct of the students both in printing 
the programme without the authority of the University Council, and in refusing 
to publish the apology demanded in the Varsity, was contumacious and incon- 
sistent with their duty under sections 56 and 57. 


19. It is worthy of note that while charges have been made against Professor 
Mavor, and as to his treatment of the students in connection with the programme: 
of the Political Science Club, yet when he, in consequence of the cdisagreement,. 
resigned the Honorary Presidency, he was earnestly requested by the club to. 
withdraw his resignation and continue holding that office. 


20. As to the allegations in the Historical statement respecting President: 
Loudon, the evidence ieaves no doubt that a widespread feeling of dissatisfaction 
exists among the students, and evidence was otfered to show that many of them 
regard him, or profess to regard him, as unworthy of contidence and unworthy 
of belief. When, however, they came in their evidence to assign reasons for 
entertaining such opinions of the President, they completely failed to show any 
justification for their alleged belief. 

21. In attempting to justify their position they relied upon several things 
which were also spoken of by witnesses as causes of the alleged friction. One of 
these is what has been called the Shed trouble. A shed which had been put up in 
connection with the repairs to the main building after the fire, was notjremoved 
when the repairs were finished because there was stored in it a quantity of builders’ 
plant and material to be used in the erection of the Chemical Laboratory next 
spring. This shed was torn down and destroyed one evening, a proceeding for 
which several students were fined by the Council. They claim that in tearing 
down this shed they were, if not incited to do so by the President, at least calry- 
ing out his wishes. Even upon their own showing all that he said about this 
shed was that it was an eyesore, certainly nothing to warrant the tearing down 
of the shed and the consequent exposure of the property it contained, occasioning | 
a loss to the University of at least two hundred dollars. 

22. It is also alleged that at an interview with Mr. Montgomery over the 
Varsity trouble, President Loudon said that the Council had determined to sup- 


press Varsity, but afterwards at an interview with Mr. Tucker, Mr. Greenwood 
15 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


I no ee ee are 


and another, he denied having done so. No evidence has been adduced to show 
that he did make any such statement to Mr. Montgomery. His own account ot 
what passed then (Mr. Montgomery was not called) is that when the resolution 
of the Council as to privileges being withdrawn was referred to by him, Mr. 
Montgomery replied that that amounted to the suppression of Varsity. The 
President affirms that this was the first occasion in which the word suppression 
was used, and although he may then have spoken of the suppression of privileges, 
he did not speak of the suppression of Varsity. There is no evidence that he 
did so. 


23. It is also said in connection with the refusal to allow the programme of 


the Political Science Club with the names of Jury and Thompson upon it, that 
President Loudon said that he was personally opposed to having Mr. Jury, and 
said “If for no other reason, because he was an active politician, a notorious Grit 
“and agitator, and for the same reason he would object to Sir Richard Cartwright 
“ Jecturing in the halls,” and that when President Loudon was subsequently asked 
by a reporter of the Hmpire whether he had made this statement, he denied 


having done so and said the statement was absurd and untrue. 


Professor Dale when first called as a witness stated that the President did 
make the above statement almost in the words given, and from his evidence then 
given it would appear as if the statement was not qualified in any way by any 
other statement made at the same time. When, however, Professor Dale was 
recalled two days afterwards he corrected his former statement and said, “ With 
“regard to the statement of the President that he would not allow Jury or Sir 
“Richard Cartwright to speak, I would say that he said he would not allow any 
“prominent man of the Conservative party either to lecture.” Professor Dale 
made this correction of his own motion and voluntarily. 


This correction completely changes the character of the statement imputed 
to the President and shews that his objection was to allow strong partizans to 
lecture no matter what their political faith, whereas as the statement was originally 
made it appeared that his objection was to partizans who belonged to the Grit 


party, and the statement was published in the Star of 23rd January, 1895, almost 


in the words given above, under the heading “ Jury is a Grit” “For that reason 
I object, says President Loudon.” 


Charles J. Long, the reporter who interviewed President Loudon, swore that 
he asked him if the reason stated in the Star was correct—he was not sure 
whether he mentioned the Star—but it was in consequence of the article in the 
Star that he interviewed him and he had it in his mind when he spoke to him. 
President Loudon’s answer was that he had heard they were all Grits up there ; 
and he said the statement was absurd and untrue. 


Upon this state of facts there can be no doubt that President Loudon’s 
answer to the reporter was quite correct and true. He is shown to have made a 
statement that he would not allow any strong political partizan to lecture—he is 
inaccurately reported to have said that he would not allow a partizan of one side 
to lecture, apparently because he belonged to that party, and when asked if that 
was the case he denied it. 

The Commissioners must find that this charge of untruthfulness entirely 
fails. 

24, Another matter brought forward was, what was spoken of as the Gym- 
nasium trouble. It appears that a building was erected containing the Gymnasium 
proper for athletic purposes, a hall for larger meetings of student societies, and 
other rooms for smaller meetings. This hall and other rooms are known as the 


16 


eS 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


students’ union. The students claim that they contributed about $9,000 towards 
the cost of this building; the authorities on the other hand allege that while the 
building cost $30,000 the amount contributed by the students from themselves 
‘ and subscriptions secured by them, was $1,750 only. In connection with this 
building the Athletic Association,.a club having members connected not only 
with University College, but with Victoria College, the School of Practical Science, 
and other affiliated institutions, made a claim to be entitled to exercise control 
over it; and that other societies desiring the use of the hall or rooms in the 
students’ union’should apply to the association for permission to do so. Some 
of the societies were willing to have the association exercise such control, but 
individual members were opposed to that. There is some dispute as to whether 
the association claimed to be entitled to the absolute control, or only that they 
should have the immediate control under the Council. 


But in taking the stand the authorities did, refusing such control, and decid- 
ing that the allocation of accommodation to student societies should be made 
annually by a joint standing committee of the Councils, they were clearly within 
their right, the statute declaring that the property shall be deemed in the legal 
possession and under their control. No other course of dealing with the building 
could properly conserve the rights and interests of all the societies and associa- 
tions concerned, and prevent jealousies and strife among them. 


25. A consideration of the evidence, oral and documentary, which has been 
placed before the Commissioners leads them to believe, that some, at least, of the 
late troubles might have been avoided, had the authorities and the students been 
in closer contact, and with a stronger feeling of sympathy between them. It 
seems evident that there was a want of tact in dealing with the students at 
certain points during these troubles. At the same time President Loudon has 
been unnecessarily suspected of, and indeed charged with, arbitrary conduct, 
where the acts complained of were those of the Council, and he was only its 
representative, and in carrying out its decisions as its official head, brought more 
closely in contact with the students than the other members of the Council were. 


26. The Commissioners further deem it their duty to express the opinion 
they have formed, based upon the evidence given by the students themselves, 
and the views by them freely expressed from the witness stand, viz, that in the 
past there has existed on,the part of the students, to say the least of it, a miscon- 
ception as to the scope and proper construction of the statutes regulating discip- 
line in the University, and the real position the students should, and do, occupy 
with reference to the Councils of the University and College, and the degree of 
obedience that they are bound to render to the regulations of the University 
authorities. 


27. Some days after the Commissioners had begun their work there were 
lodged with them charges against President Loudon, Professor Mavor and Pro- 
fessor Vander-Smissen, These charges were preferred by an undergraduate, 
whose name was given to the Commissiuners, who was not examined as a witness, 
nor was his name mentioned in connection with any of the other complaints or 
charges laid before the Commissioners. 


The charges so laid were accompanied by a list of the witnesses who could be 
called upon each charge. The lists of witnesses in the cases of President Loudon and 
Professor Vander-Smissen set out the various matters in respect of which the 
several witnesses would be called. 


The Commissioners after considering the charges so made, held (1) that those 
against Professor Mavor were too vague and indefinite to be proceeded upon, and 
that they must be made more specitic. (2) That the charges against President 

2 UC. Li, 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A 1896 


Loudon and Professor Vander-Smissen were also too vague and indefinite, but 
that the particulars given with the lists of witnesses supplied the defect, and 
were sufficient to enable these charges to be proceeded with. They accordingly 
directed that in the case of the charge against Professor Mavor better particulars 
should be given, and a copy of them handed to the Counsel appearing for him ; 
and that in the cases of President Loudon and Professor Vander-Smissen, a copy 
of the particulars supplied, with the names of the witnesses to the Commissioners, 
should also be given to the Counsel. The learned Counsel by whom the charges 
had been lodged with the Commissioners, declined to make the charges against 
Professor Mavor more specific, or to furnish copies of the particulars of the charges 
against President Loudon and Professsr Vander-Smissen to the Counsel repre- 
senting these gentlemen. On the Commissioners stating that they were prepared 
to proceed with the charge against Professor Vander-Smissen, Counsel stated that 
he would withdraw the charges. 


The Commissioners then made and read to the parties publicly the following 


memorandum : 
“As to the charges against Professor Mavor they have been held too vague 


in the absence of particulars, and no particulars have been given. As to the 


charges against President Loudon and Professor Vander-Smissen, they are, when 
taken with the particulars furnished by Mr. Riddell to the Commissioners, 
specific enough, and may be proceeded with. Mr. Riddell has given to the Com- 


missioners the name of a complainant and the names of witnesses by whom it 1s. 


alleged these charges can be proved. It was’ thought by the Commissioners that 


these particulars should be furnished to the Counsel for the parties charged. Mr.. 


Riddell declines to furnish those particulars. The Commissioners then feel 1b to 
be their duty to hand those particulars to the Counsel for President Loudon and 
Professor Vander-Smissen, but now Mr. Riddell asks to withdraw them. The 


Commissioners allow him to withdraw the names of witnesses, but as the charges: 


have been made, will allow anyone to give any evidence in reference to them— 
for or against them—in accordance with the particulars already furnished. Any 


erson desiring to prosecute those charges ma notify the Commissioners on. 
p 5 


Tuesday morning ot his intention to do so.’ 


Upon this memorandum being read, Mr. Riddell stated that he withdrew 
from the case so far as those charges were concerned. 


28. At the time named the Commissioners met publicly, in the place where 
all their sittings were held, and announced their readiness to proceed with the 
charges; but no one appeared to prosecute them, or,to offer any evidence in rela- 
tion to them, so they were no further proceeded with, the Commissioners feeling 
that every opportunity for investigation had been given, if any person desired it 
to take place. 

29. A copy of the charges against President Loudon, Professor Mavor and 
Professor Vander-Smissen, together with the particulars given to the Commis- 
sioners, along with the names of the witnesses proposed to be called against 
President Loudon and Professor Vander-Smissen, omitting, however, the names 
of these witnesses (Exhibit D) is transmitted herewith. 

30. The Commissioners desire to draw attention to certain items in the Fed- 
eration Act, Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1887, Chapter 230, which contains expres- 
sions so vague as to obscure the distinction in jurisdiction and control of the Senate, 
the University Council, and the University College Council. Such are sections 34, 
39 (clause 6), 42 and 45. In view of section 38, clause 3, they suggest that sec- 


tion 54 be so modified as to exclude the enrolled students of federated or afhhated | 


18 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


colleges from evading discipline by assuming the position of extra mural appli- 
cants for examination. While approving the wisdom of section 56 in its general 
provisions, the Commissioners would like to see it amended so as to contain a 
more definite statement concerning the powers of discipline of the University 
Council; and they call in question the prudence of section 57, which throws on 
the Council the entire responsibility for the work of all societies and associations. 
of students. The history of other educational institutions indicates that vague- 
ness in the letter of the law often lads to violation of its spirit, and that minute. 
superintendence, combined with espionage, almost necessarily provokes revolt. 
The experiment of Cornell University in creating a student Council has not 
proved wholly successful, but its object, which is the enlistment of the student 
body on the side of college discipline and self-respect, is one to be sought after, 
as tending towards honorable relations between professors and students. 


31. In this connection the Commissioners give a letter received, in reply to- 
a request by the Chairman, from a Canadian graduate, who, after. taking a post- 
graduate course in philosophy at Vornell University, has snent some time there. 
this spring :— 

“The student Court at Cornell University was not established as a reform 
“demanded by the students. It was the idea ot President Schurman, and owed its. 
“origin to him. As a consequence it has never received that hearty support from 
“the student body which is absolutely necessary for its success. Dr. Sechurman 
“informed me, last month, that some of the students are dissatisfied and object to: 
“the discipline being in the hands of their fellow-students, but he was unabie to 
“say whether that feeling is at all general. The President’s secretary was of the. 
“opinion that it is confined to a small minority of the students. Upon enquiry, 
“however, I found that the dissatisfaction is widespread. I was assured that the 
“Court does not command the confidence of the students, because the best men 
“regard election to it as a doubtful honor, and refuse to become candidates. Most 
“of the candidates are students who could not be elected to any other office in the 
“ oift of their classmates. The students as a whole take but little interest in the 
“elections, and the vast majority of them abstain from voting. In a class of 400 
“a poll of 100 would be a large vote. 


“Some odium is incurred by the members of the Court, but I do not think it. 
“has ever been, as yet, very great.” 


32. Ata sitting of the Commission Mr. Blake stated that he had requested 
Mr. Goldwin Smith to give the Commissioners an expression of his views in con- 
nection with the question of University government, and on a subsequent day 
Mr. Smith had a conference with them. He afterwards handed in a statement, in 
writing, containing the substance of what he then said. This document (Exhibit 
E) is transmitted herewith. 

33. Professor Pike and Professor Cameron also attended the Commissioners 
and laid before them a paper of suggestions made by the University Council and 
University College Council. This paper (Exhibit F) is also transmitted herewith. 

34. The Commissioners also had an interview with the Rev. President Bur- 
wash of Victoria University, at which, while expressing sympathy with the 
University authorities in the recent difficulty, he indicated the impossibility of 
any President managing a thousand students, and quoted the late President 
McCosh of Princeton to the effect that even tive hundred are more than one man ~- 
ean contro]. Following the analogy of the older English Universities with their 
college systems, he urged the necessity for an organization of the students into 
manageable bodies, with a view to personal influence on the part of professors 


19 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


and teachers. In such an organization he showed that the holders of fellowships 
may be an element of danver, their minds being divided between sympathy for 
the students and aspirations towards the position of the professoriate. 


35. The Commissioners began their work on the 8th instant. They were 
engaged in taking evidence and in hearing argument of Counsel from the 10th to 
the 23rd instant inclusive. They had before them calendars of leading British 
and American universities, and papers by distinguished authors on college work 
and discipline. Understanding that the Government desires a speedy return of 
the Commission, the Commissioners were unable in the time taken to more fully 
enquire into and consider the questions of “the respective powers of the govern- 
“ing bodies of the University of Toronto and the University College with respect 
“to the students of the said University and College, and into all matters bearing 
“upon the administration of such bodies, since the date of the proclamation of the 
“R.8.0O., chap. 230, and of dealing with the various societies and associations of 
“students,” so as to enable them to report recommendations other than those 
already appearing in this report. This is a matter of regret, as it would be 
important to further ascertain and consider how some other great Universities 
are governed and how they deal with university and college societies, and how, 
and to what extent, and with what result, certain irregularities are made subjects 
of discipline, and to ascertain and consider other matters bearing upon the admin- 
istration of such bodies, so that such recommendations might be made as would 
result in practical good to the University of Toronto and University College. 


86. The Commissioners were much gratified to have presented to them 
documentary evidence of the high character of the teaching imparted in various 
departments of University and College work, and to learn that recent graduates 
ot the University are filling honorable positions in the larger educational institu- 
tions of the United States. While deploring, therefore, the unfortunate accidents 
which have called them as a body into existence, they see no reason for apprehen- 
sion as to the future of the University of Toronto, nor for any fear that the 

‘wonderful increase in the number of its Alumni during the past five years will 
suffer a check in consequence. 


All which is respectfully submitted. 
T. W. TAYLOR, 


Chairman. 
J. J. KINGSMILL. 
EK. J. SENKLER. 
; B. M. BRITTON. 
JOHN CAMPBELL. 
Toronto, 27th April, 1895. 7 


EXHIBIT A. 


UNIVERSITY COMMISSION. 


The Commissioners appointed by his Honor the Lieutenant-Governor, “To 
“inquire into certain matters affecting the University of Toronto and University 
‘College,’ are prepared to proceed with the said inquiry ; and notice is hereby 
given that any student or any person who desires to submit a complaint in respect 
to the discipline or exercise of authority by the Councils of the University of 


20 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A 1396 


Toronto and University College, or in respect to the friction alleged to exist 
between the students and the said Council, or as to the qualifications, conduct, 
teaching and efficiency of any member of the University of Toronto and Univer- 
sity College, may submit the same in writing on or before Saturday, the thirteenth 
day of April inst., addressed to the Hon. T. W. Taylor, Chairman, University Com- 
mission, Biological Department, Toronto. 


The said complaints, if any, will be considered by the Commission, and 


parties making the same will be heard in support thereof at the Biological build- 
ing on Tuesday, the 16th day of April inst., at 10 o’clock in the forenoon. 


T. W. TAYLOR, 
: Chairman of Commission. 
Dated 8th April, A. D. 1895. 


HX EBT Bs. 


COMPLAINT SUBMITTED TO THE COMMISSION BY JAMES ALEXANDER TUCKER, 
UNDER CLAUSE 1 OF THE COMMISSION. 


Mr. Tucker had during the fall of 1894 been editor of the Varsity. He was 
relieved from that position and Mr. Montgemery elected in his stead on or about 
the middle of December, 1894. 


On January 16th appeared an article in the Varsity, which will be referred 
to, referring to the state of affairs existing between the Political Science Club 
and the University Council. A meeting of the University Council was held 
January 18th, 1895, and subsequently on the 19th President Loudon called upon 
Mr. Montgomery to apologize, threatening that in default Mr. Montgomery would 
be expelled and the Varsity suppressed. Mr. Montgomery apologized, and on 
January the 28rd his apology was accepted by the University Council. 


On January the 24th a meeting was held of the Business and Editorial Boards 
of Varsity, at which meeting these Boards refused to endorse Mr. Montgomery’s 
apology or to publish the same, whereupon Mr. Montgomery resigned and Mr. 
Tucker was app3inted editor. 


On January the 26th,a Varsity appeared not containing anapology, whereupon 
on January the 29th the University Council again met. Upon that day the Univer- 
sity and College Councils being both present, Mr. Tucker was summoned before 
the Councils and was asked four questions by the President. Mr. Tucker pro- 
tested that if the Council were trying him upon any charge he was entitled to 
have Counsel present, but the President pressed him to answer these questions} ° 
and he did answer them. The questions and answers thereto were as follows: 


Q. Were you editor-in-chief of the Varsity on January the 26th? A. I was. 


(. Were you aware that the Council had ordered that an apology should be 
printed in the issue of that date for an article appearing in the previous issue ? 
A. I was, but not through any official intimation. 


Q. Were you the writer of a letter appearing in the Mail signed James A. 
Tucker, class of.’95, University College? A. I was. 


Q. Have you any explanation of your conduct to offer? The answer to this 
was to the effect that Mr. Tucker had accepted the position of editor of the 
Varsity on the understanding that no apology was to be printed; that a mass 

21 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


meeting of over 500 students held by the Literary Suciety on the previous 
Wednesday had not endorsed Mr: Montgomery’s course, and that at a meeting 
subsequently held, the Editorial and Business Boards of the paper had refused to 
ratify the apology sent by him to the Council; that he had consequently resigned, 
and that Mr. Tucker was elected to and.accepted the position of Editor on the 
distinct understanding that no apology was to be made. Thereupon, the Presi- 
dent requested the members of the College Council to retire, that the University 
Council might deal with the matter, and he also requested Mr. Tucker to leave. 


On January the 30th, the registrar told Mr. Tucker that Prof. Pike wished to 
see him at 12 noon, and that the President would see him in the afternoon, and 
informed him of the action of the Council. 


Upon calling upon Prof. Pike, he tried to induce Mr. Tucker to apologize. 


In the afternoon the President informed Mr. Tucker that the University 
Council had sentenced him to suspension from lectures. Mr, Tucker asked that 
the resolution of the Council be produced, whereupon the President read the 
resolution and directed the registrar to furnish Mr. Tucker with a copy, which 
was subsequently done, the resolution being in these words: | 


“ Tn view of thedecision of the Councilof January the 18th, requiring the editor 
“of the Vursity to insert in the next following issue of the paper a satisfactory 
“ apology for an objectionable article publishedin the issue of January the16th, and 
“in view of the fact that the editor of the paper, J. A. Tucker, has not published 
“the apology in question as required by the decision of the Council, 


“ Resolved, that he be suspended from lectures in the University, and from 
“all privileges ot the University until otherwise ordered by the Council.” 


The President, however, upon January the 30th, informed Mr. Tucker that the 
sentence of suspension would not go into force immediately, that it was in 
abeyance, and that Mr. Tucker would have a week to consider his position ; 
whereupon Mr. Tucker replied that the President could not look for an apology 
even if he, Mr. Tucker, were threatened with expulsion. 


In the issue of the Varsity of January the 26th, had appeared a retraction only 
of the erroneous statement made in the article to which the Council had taken 
objection. During the subsequent week Mr. Tucker continued to attend lectures, 
and having received no notification of the sentence being put into operation, he 
continued to attend lectures thereafter. 


On Wednesday, February the 6th, Mr. Tucker addressed a letter to the President 
asking him (if he could not answer it upon his own authority) to lay it betore 
the University Council. The letter will be produced before the Commission, but 
it is in effect asking whether Mr. Tucker would be debarred from writing at the 
examinations in May, or, having written, from obtaining his degree. No answer 
was given to this until February the 11th, when the registrar sent a letter, by the 
instruction of the President, acknowledging the receipt of Mr. Tucker's letter of 
February the 6th,and asking, for the President, for an explanation as to Mr. Tucker's — 
continued attendance at lectures in defiance of the Council’s order of suspension. 


On February the 12th, Mr. Tucker again wrote to the President stating his 
position and hoping for a settlement of the difficulty, which letter will be produced 
also to the Commission, but to this letter no answer was ever received. 

Subsequently,on February the 20th,a mass meeting of thestudents was held in 
Wardell’s Hall, at which, amongst other things, the following resolution was 
passed: “That they request that the suspension of the editor, James A. Tucker, 
be re-considered,’ and at the same meeting a committee was appointed to consult 


22 


9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


with and meet the Councils with that object in view. This committee met the 
University Council on March the 9th, and pressed upon the said Council that Mr. 
Tucker’s suspension should be removed, but this was refused,andon March the 18th, 
a letter was received by Mr. Greenwood, of that committee, from the registrar, 
stating that the University Council, after considering the reasons presented by the 
students of the committee, resolved to adhere to its former decision. 


As to this, Mr Tucker complains: 


(1) That it is, under the ci:cumstances, beyond the power of the University 
Council in law to suspend him from lectures and the privileges of the University ; 
and also, 


(2) That if the power exists, it has been unwisely and unfairly used against, 
him. He was in no wise responsible for the article complained o f, and moreover 
he is simply the mouth-piece of the students, whose property the Varsity is; the 
governing boards of the Varsity would not permit any apology to be inserted in 
the Varsity even if Mr. Tucker were so disposed, and further, after the resigna- 
tion of Mr. Montgomery, Mr. Tucker was the only person in the College who was 
qualified, according to the constitution of the Varsity, to act as Editor in Chief, so 
that if Mr. Tucker were to follow the example of Mr. Montgomery and personally 
apologize (even if that would be acceptable to the Council), the result would be 
that the student’s organ must either go out of existence, or be carried on in 
detiance of the Constitution. 


EXHIBIT C. 


HISTORICAL STATEMENT OF THE Facts LEADING UP TO THE FRICTION EXISTING 
3ETWEEN THE STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AND UNIVERSITY 
COLLEGE, AND THE COUNCILS THEREOF. 


On November 7th, 1894, Professor Mavor, Professor of Political Economy, 
ete., in the University of Toronto, being then Honorary President of the Political 
Science U lub, drafted a programme of addresses for that Club, The Political 
Science Club is an association of students in the University of Toronto and 
University College, who are interested in the subject of Political Science and 
similar subjects, “and has about one hundred members. This programme con- 
tained, amongst other things, an arrangement for a labor meeting, at which 
addresses were to be given by Messrs. Jury and Thompson, who were prominent 
in labor circles in the city of Toronto. Prof. Mavor at that time informed the 
Committee that he thought no objection would be made to these gentlemen, pro- 
vided the matter was kept quiet. He himself approved of it, but he mentioned 
to the Committee that about eight years ago there was some trouble about Mr. 
Jury lecturing in the College, which, he said, had broken up the Political Science 
Club, but he “thought that if matters were kept quiet there would be no diffi- 
culty. By some means the matter became public that these gentlemen were to 
address the Political Science Club, and at the next meeting Prof. Mavor stated to 
the Committee that what was before difficult, had now become well nigh 
impracticable. It would appear that at this meeting Prof. Mavor got the 
impression that he was authorized to strike these two names off the list, but this 
authority was never given to him. Asa matter of fact the officers of the Political 
Science Club had never understood that it was necessary that any of their pro- 
grainmmes should be submitted to any authority, and thought that if Prot. Mavor 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


did not object, no objection would or could be made by any one. As a matter of 
fact it is believed that no programme of any Society in connection with the Uni- 
versity has been required to be submitted to the Council, nor has the Council 
interfered in any way with the programmes of any such Society. 

Prof. Mavor was informed by the Committee that the members of the 
Political Science Club were unanimous in their wish to hear these gentlemen, 
and the programme was published with their names, as the Committee understood, 
with the consent and approval of Prof. Mavor. However, at the first meeting, 
November the 28th, Prof. Mavor said that he had been unfairly treated, and resigned 
his position as Honorary President of the club, putting his reasons in writing. 
About this time appeared a notice setting out certain formalities to be complied 
with by Societies, and making application to the Council for rooms in the 
Gymnasium Building. Acting upon this, on November the 30th, formal application 
was made to the Council, which met on December the 4th and considered the 
matter. 


In the meantime, about November the 19th, Prof. Mavor had submitted to the 
Council a programme of meetings without the names of Jury and Thompson, and 
the Council had sanctioned the programme then subinitted. 


At the meeting of December the 4th, however, this former sanction was with- 
drawn, and the consideration of the application of November the 30th was post- 
poned until January the 8rd, thereby preventing the lecture of Prof. Mills, which 
had been fixed for December the 19th. 


Then on January the Sth a letter was received by the Secretary of the Club 
from the Registrar of the University, stating that “With regard to the pro- 
“oramme for the authorization of which application is now made, the 
“Political Science Club is advised that the programme having been published 
“without the observance of the proper preliminaries, cannot, under the circum- 
‘stances, be sanctioned by the University Council.” 


In connection with this matter President Loudon was seen, and he stated in 
speaking of the reasons why the programme had not been approved, “ That he 
“was personally opposed to having Mr. Jury,’ and said “If for no other reason, 
“because he was an active politician, a notorious Grit and agitator; and for 


“the same reason he would object to Sir Richard Cartwright lecturing in the 
“ Halls.” 


Prof. Wrong in speaking to his class, said that some seven or eight years ago 
Mr. Jury had been permitted to lecture in the building ; that for permitting this, 
the University authorities were most violently attacked by certain church papers, 
and it was a recollection of this attack and a fear of a similar occurrence that 
had led to efforts being made in the first instance to have the Club strike these 
two names off the Political Science Club’s programme. It appeared clear to the 
members of the Political Science Club that for some reason the University 
Council did not. wish these gentlemen to address the Club, and that, for reasone 
which did not affect their judgment upon the questions as to which they wers 
to address the Club. 


The next was the publication on January the 16th of an article in the Varsity 
to which the Council took exception. This article was written by Mr. 
Montgomery, and has been referred to in Mr. Tucker’s complaint. On January the 
19th Mr. Montgomery, the Editor, was sent for and informed by President Loudon 
that the Council had decided that an apology must be printed in the next 
number of the paper, and if such apology were not made, Mr. Montgomery would 
be expelled and the paper suppressed. Further proceedings in connection with. 


24 


—— . 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A, 1896 


——a—w 


this matter have been detailed in the complaint of Mr. Tucker upon the first 
branch of the investigation. 


About this time and a little later, a Petition signed by a number of the 
students, some 400 in all, was forwarded to the Government. (A copy of this 
Petition will be furnished to the Commissioners.) This Petition in the long run 
was not granted. 


On January the 11th, by reason of the refusal of the University Council to 
grant rooms, etc., the Political Science Club passed resolutions to engage a hall 
for the purpose of holding a meeting to hear Messrs. Jury and Thompson. 


The President on January the 23rd caused an article to be published in the 
Toronto papers setting forth the position taken by the Council and its reasons 
therefor, whereupon the Political Science Club published its statement in the 
Toronto papers on January the 25th. 


On January the 3lst a Mass Meeting of the students was held, at which a 
Committee of five was appointed to draw up a statement on their side of the 
case, and such a statement appeared in the Globe of February the 2nd. On Feb- 
ruary the 4th, Prof. Wrong published an article in the Toronto papers giving his 
views of the situation, to which a reply by Mr. Tucker appeared on February 
the 5th. In the same paper of February the 4th Mr. B. E. Walker wrote an 
article dealing with Prof. Wrong’sappointment. On February the 9th Prof. Dale 
replied. This letter of Prof. Dale appearing in the Globe of February the 9th led 
to his dismissal by the Government, which dismissal was announced on February 
the 15th, 


On the 15th of February, a Mass Meeting was held of the students, an 
account of which will be found in the Globe of February the 16th at which, amongst 
other things, a resolution was passed of sympathy for Mr. Hellems, who resigned 
his position on the staff, owing to the dismissal of Professor Dale, also respectfully 
requesting the reinstatement of Professor Dale, and pledging the students to 
abstain from all lectures of the University until his reinstatement, or until the 
dismissal of Professor Dale was re-considered. This meeting motion to abstain from 
lectures was carried with only four dissenting voices. Immediately thereafter 
on Feb. the 16th, articles appeared in the Globe and Mail attacking Professor 
Dale, and also in the World of about that date, which articles were written or 
inspired by members of the University Council. A number of students con- 
tinued to attend partially, certain students taking the 4th year honor mathe- 
matics, and while they did not attend lectures, took the laboratory work, and 
President Loudon stated that the Council could not permit a class to take the 
laboratory work without attending the lectures. About the same time a number 
of lady students received notice ultimately emanating from the President, 
that any one of them advising another to abstain from lectures, would render her- 
self liable to expulsion. This notice came through the lady superintendent, Miss 
Salter. About the same time President Loudon locked the doors of the Biolog- 
ical Building upon certain students there meeting, doing this with the view of 
preventing an address to these students by Messrs. Tucker and Greenwood. 


On February the 20th a Mass Meeting of students was held at Wardell’s Hall, 
the proceedings of which appeared in the papers of February the 21st. The Minister 
of Education had previously stated that a commission would not be granted upon 
the application cof the students unless, and until they made specific charges 
at the meeting of February the 20th. The leval opinion of Messrs. Howland, 
Arnoldi & Bristol, Barristers of Toronto, was read advising against such specific 
charges being made. 


25 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38), A. 1896 


SS eS ES Se 


The above is an historical statement of the cause of the friction now existing, 
but back of all this, is the sentiment which the President of the University has 
inspired in the students towards him. The sentiment referred to as inspired by 
President Loudon, is a feeling that President Loudon is unworthy of belief, that 
no confidence ean be placed in the truth of his statements, and further that in 
approaching him, the student feels that he is approaching one who is lying in 
wait to entrap him, and not one who is desirous of assisting the student in his 
difficulties, or smoothing over matters of irritation, to one who is more anxious 
arbitrarily to exercise authority than to remove causes of complaint. Never once 
so far as is known to the members of the Political Science Club, has President 
Loudon made an eftort to reconcile the Council with the Club, or the memvers 
thereof. In connection with this also, and as one of the causes of the friction, 
must be considered the charges made by Professor Dale in his letter to the 
Toronto Globe above referred to, and it is believed that the Council was also, to a 
certain extent, incensed at articles which had appeared at various times im 
the Varsity, amongst others in the Vursity of Oct. the 17th, Oct. the 31st, Nov. 
the 7th and Nov. the 28th. 


The causes, it is submitted, which led to the present state of friction between 
the Councils and the students are as follows :-— 

(1) The facts alleged in the issues of the Varsity of date, October the 
17th, October the 31st, November the 7th and November the 28th, 1894. 

(2) The publication of such facts in the Varsity. 

(3) The unwise action of the Council in reference to the programme of 
addresses of the Political Science Club. 


(4) The unconciliatory manner and actions of the gentleman (President 
Loudon) entrusted by the Councils with communicating to the students the resolu- 
tions of the Council. 


(5) The unwise and unlawful attempt by the Councils to interfere with the 
criticism on the part of the Varsity. 


(6) Threats of suppression of the Varsity and threats of expulsion of the 
editor. 


(7) The attempt to render Mr. Tucker responsible for Mr. Montgomery’s 
articles, and to force him to print an apology which it was neither his duty, nor 
in his power, to do. 

(8) The uncalled for suspension of Mr. Tucker. 

(9) Articles printed in the Toronto papers, written or inspired by members 
of the University Council, attacking Professor Dale. | 


(10) The facts alleged in Professor Dale’s letter to the Globe of February the 
9th. 


(11) The summary dismissal of Professor Dale. 


(12) The refusal on the part of the University Council to reinstate Mr. 
Tucker. 


(13) Want of confidence on the part of the students in President Loudon as 
hereinbefore referred to. 


26 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A, 1896 


EXHIBIT D. 


The following charges are laid against President Loudon :— 


(1) He has entirely failed to win and keep the respect or confidence of the 
undergraduates during his incumbency of the office of President. 

(2) He has not been frank and candid or conciliatory in his dealings with 
the students. | 


(3) He is destitute of the personal dignity which ought to characterize the 
President of a great University. 


The following charges are laid against Professor Mavor : 

(1) That he has not sufficient knowledge of the subjects which he is expected 
to teach. 

(2) That if he is possessed of sufficient knowledge, he lacks the capacity to 
express what he does know, and to impart infcrmation upon those subjects. 

(3) That his manner and person are repellent. 

(4) He does not inspire respect or confidence in those whom he teaches. 

(5) He is in the habit of nagging and worrying students without any or 
sufficient reason therefor. 


The following charges are laid against Professor VanderSmissen : 

(1) He is indolent, neglects his classes, fails to attend during the full hours 
of lectures, and while he may know his work, he fails through indolence and care- 
lessness to‘teach properly. 


AS TO PRESIDENT LOUDON. 


In addition to the matters which have been and are investigated by the 
Commission, the following matters in connection with President Loudon should 
be considered : -- 

1. The Hose Incident. President Loudon, in October, 1892, with his own 
hand, turned the hose on students. 

2. The Shed Incident. Two men who took no part in the pulling down of 
the shed were fined $15 each, a sum far in advance of the value of the shed 
itself. 

The President to Mr. Montgomery and others, threatened to suppress the 
Varsity; subsequently on meeting a committee, he declared that he had never 
used the word “ suppressed.” 

That he had spoken of suppressing the Varsity will be proved. 


The President, as will appear by an article in the Globe on May the 17th, 1893, 
referred to the students in the Department of Political Science as “ lame ducks.” 


The President denied, in an interview with an Lmpvre reporter, Mr. Long, 
that he was opposed to Mr. Jury because he was “a notorious Grit and 
agitator,” ete. 


The President gave Gillies a written permit to use a room in the basement 
of the University for the Varsity. 


Tucker used the key belonging to Gillies and gave it to Spencer to give to 


27 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


Gillies. Spencer kept it by order of the President and would not give it to 
Gillies. The President denied that he had granted the Varsity the use of this 
room, although he had signed the permit himself. 


On Monday afternoon, February the 18th, 1895, during the boycott, a meeting 
was held by the first and second year medicals in the Biological Building, at 
three o'clock. 


During the afternoon, befcre the hour of meeting, the President went down 
to the Biological Building and wrote a note to be read before the medicals. 


When Prof. Heebner finished his lecture at 2 p.m., he entered the small room 
where were President Loudon and Prof. Chapman. President Loudon had 
apparently wished Prof. Chapman to read this note to the medicals, but he 
declined, whereupon he asked Prof. Heebner, who was also uawilling to do so, 
whereupon Mr. McGillivray volunteered to make any announcement. 


President Loudon told Mr. McGillivray that policemen were at the entrance 
to the Biological Building, and Messrs. Tucker and Greenwood would be arrested 
if they attempted to enter the building. When this announcement was made to 
the medicals, they tried to leave the room, but found the doors had been barred. 
Some of the students were forced to climb out of the windows, others forced to 
open the door and get out that way. 


While it may be that certain students may have some feelings of respect. 
towards, or confidence in the President, it is believed that almost any student. 
will testify that almost the universal feeling towards the President is want of 
respect and confidence. 


AGAINST PROFESSOR VANDERSMISSEN : 


(1) Women students get outside help :—Of the class of ’95; of the class of 
96. 

(2) Failure to appear at the usual hour, and neglect. Indeed this is a stand- 
ing complaint amongst all who bave Honor Moderns in the 3rd and 4th years. 

(8) In January, 1895, he lost his notes on the Middle High German Text for 
the fourth year and could not lecture for two weeks. 

(4) About March last, he announced that he was preparing a special lecture on 
“Faust” for the class of 95. This lecture was given March 26th, and was pre- 
cisely the same as he gave in his first lecture to the class of ’95 in their third year. 

(5) One of his favorite lectures, “Eur Faust” has been given three times 
over this year to the third year Honor Moderns. 

Almost every graduate and undergraduate of recent years can testify to the 
want of attention of Professor VanderSmissen. a 


EXHIBIT E. 


MINUTE OF CONFERENCE OF PROFESSOR GOLDWIN SMITH WITH THE UNIVERSITY 
COMMISSIONERS, APRIL 23RD, 1894. 


With regard to the quality of the instruction, the University seems to have 
borne investigation well. Complaints were lodged against only three of the Pro- 
fessors, and in all three cases they were withdrawn. The ideals of young men are 
high. They should remember that neither thorough mastery of a great subject, 
nor the faculty of teaching it orally, is very common, and that the union of the 


23 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


two is rare. The quality of the instruction too must necessarily bear some pro- 
portion to the revenues, the amount of which again depends partly on the fees. 
More allowance must be made in the ease of a lecturer in such a subject as His- 
tory or Political Economy, who has to draw for an hour on his own knowledge, 
thought, and power of expression, than in that of a lecturer in Physical Science 
or any subject in which the lecturer is relieved by experiment or demonstration. 


At the same time the choice of instructors for the University of Toronto has 
perbaps not been entirely free. It may have been restricted in some dezree by. 
Nativism. When, some years ago, two or three Englishmen were appointed to 
professorships, a strong manifestation of Nativist feeling ensued. Two 
men, both of whom have since greatly distinguished themselves as heads of places 
of education, have at different times within my own memory appeared, or been 
currently mentioned as possible candidates for office in Toronto University, and 
in such cases Nativist jealousy was aroused, and steps were taken to block the 
possible candidature. At Cornell University, with which I have an honorary 
connection, the President is a native of Canada, though naturalized in the United 
States; the Librarian is a Canadian ; two of the Professors are Englishmen; and 
I see that a Canadian has just been appointed as assistant Professor. Cornell freel 
welcomes capacity without regard to birth-place or extraction. It is partly to this 
probably that she owes her rise in twenty-six years from her foundation to a 
place among the great Universities on this Continent, with a fair hope of a place 
among the great Universities of the World. It is not unlikely that Nativist feel- 
ing may have had something to do with the attack on Professor Mavor. It 
appears at least from the language in which the charges were couched that, in his 
case, dissatisfaction with the lectures was not the sole origin of the movement. 


It is in the department of discipline that the breakdown has occurred, and 
the necessity for this investigation has arisen. The boycott was organized mutiny, 
and to it authority appears to have succumbed. Authority probably has, in these 
times, to deal with more difficult matter than it had in times past. Formerly the 
students were not only much fewer in number, but came from homes in which 
respect both for authority and for social rules was traditional and strong. Student 
respect for authority and social rules is the mainspring of discipline in an English 
University, and no doubt it was, for some time, the mainspring here. At Oxford 
we had sometimes to deal with disorder, especially among the wealthier and less 
industrious students, but never with mutiny ; while an appeal to the instincts of 
gentlemen seldom failed of its effect. An outbreak of “ hazing” of a kind offensive 
and insulting to the victim could be quelled by a serious intimation that the Col- 
lege held itself bound to protect the feelings and honor of everyone beneath its 
roof, and would perform that duty at any cost. But the free High Schools are 
now sending up a large number of students of a class probably more democratic 
and less amenable to social rules. Moreover by the general tendencies of the age, 
authority is being everywhere relaxed and disrespect for it is gaining ground. 
The Counsel for the students no doubt truly expressed the sentiments of his clients 
when he said that the Professors existed for the students and not the students for 
the Professors ; though he might have qualified his remark by a recognition of 
the two-fold function of a Professor, who ought not only to teach his students, 
but by study and research to advance his department of knowledge for the ben- 
efit of the world at large. A rougher version of the same sentiment was the ery 
’ heard by one of the witnesses before the Commission that “ seven hundred students 
were not to be put down by a few beggarly Professors.” As if the seven hundred 


20 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


men of one of our volunteer regiments were to say that they were not to be put 
down by a few beggarly officers. In addition to this, our political elections and 
campaigns have bred a general habit of agitation, perhaps of intrigue, and a love 
of mass meetings and oratorical excitement, which may have penetrated the 
student world. It is a significant fact that a large proportion of the active 
element in this movement should have been furnished by the department of 
Political Science. Whether the studies comprised in the department of Political 
Science are sufficiently substantial and disciplinary in their character to constitute 
a University training may be a point for consideration. That they have a ten- 
dency to beget political aspirations and activity at an early age seems beyond 
question. 

Whether there has been any lack of the power of control in the authorities 
personally or any of them, is a question respecting which I, of course, have no 
means of forming an opinion. The absence of the Chancellor at the crisis, though 
unavoidable, was unfortunate, since he is probably to the student mind the 
highest and most imposing embodiment of academical law, while he would have 
stood apart from all the embroilments and altercations. 


Such being the state of affairs, any proposal for strengthening the hands of 
authority, or invigorating discipline, will certainly be in season. Nor need it 
involve any suggestion of harshness in the relation between the governing body 
of the University and the students, or forgetfulness of the fact that the normal 
security for order is good feeling kept up by sympathy, tact, and friendly inter- 
course on the part of the authorities, with loyalty to the University on both sides. 
It is weakness, that by tempting insubordination, leads to the odious necessity for 
harsh measures in the end. The proposed establishment of a University Court 
for disciplinary purposes seems likely to meet the need. Nor have I any change 
to suggest in the proposed composition of the Court, though the inclusion of a 
Medical element must depend on the retention o1 the Medical Department in its 
present relation to the University. Discipline and adminstration generally 
should of course be reposed as far as possible in the hands of men of social 
experience, rather than in those of men of learning and science, who may often be 
wanting in practical wisdom and in the power of dealing with young men. A 
perplexing question arises as to the sphere of the Court's jurisdiction and the line 
to be drawn between University and College offences, owing to the very peculiar 
relations of University College to the University, with which it has heretofore 
been practically identical, and the work of which is still carried on in its buildings. 
The only solution I can devise is that cases occurring within University College, 
and not directly in connection with the lectures of the University, should be dealt 
with by the University Council of discipline through its University College 
members, who might form a standing committee for that purpose. Cases occur- 
ring in Victoria or any affiliated college, there would be no difficulty in leaving to. 
the College, unless the College itself chose to refer them to the University Council. 


With regard to the suggestion that the Court of discipline should have juris- 
diction over student societies and publications, I cannot help expressing my 
conviction that the less the University is compromised by responsibility for such 
societies and publications the better. The trouble in the present case has arisen 
partly from the equivocal relations of the University authorities to a College 
Society anda College Journal. lf anything positively objectionable is done or 
written, discipline must intervene in the ordinary course; but otherwise it seems 
better in these matters to leave the students free. I have read for many years 
the Cornell Era, which is the college journal of Cornell University, and I do not 
remember to have seen init anything disloyal to the government of the University, 
or open to serious objection of any kind. 

30 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


Nor does it appear to me that much is likely to be gained by any standing 
representation of the students for the purpose of treating with the authorities of 
the University. The powers and functions of such a body would be apt to be- 
come matters of dispute and to give rise to misunderstanding. There need be 
no difficulty, when special occasion for conference arises, in obtaining a suitable 
representation. At Cornell they have a Student Council, elected by the students, 
for dealing with cases of student discipline, to which its jurisdiction is strictly 
confined. The President of the University takes the chair and has a vote, which, 
however, he does not use. Opinion seemed favorable to the institution. But 
in a conversation which ! had with the President he admitted that the student 
members of the Council were placed in a somewhat invidious position in relation 
to their fellow-students, and that elections had been declined on that account. 
It is desirable that the President of the University should be as little as possible 
burdened with lectures, and as much as possible devoted to general government 
and superintendence, the maintenance of harmonious action between the different 
departments, and personal intercourse with the students, which, the number 
being as large as it now is, would give him plenty of occupation. 


I should be for severing the Medical Faculty, so far as it is professional, 
altogether from the University, and making it an independent organization like 
the organization of the legal profession at Osgoode Hall. I do not see what 
strictly professional studies, such as Medicine and Dentistry, have to do with a 
University course. A University has hitherto been taken to be a final place of 
mental discipline and culture, imparted through studies not professional, though 
introductory to learned and scientific professions, such as the departments of 
Physical Science, which lead on to Medicine and other scientific callings, while in 
themselves they are unprofessional and instruments of discipline and culture. 
The special training and regulation of a profession are surely best committed to. 
its own chiefs. The Medical Department once severed from Toronto University, 
all dissensions and causes of friction between it and independent medical organi- 
zations would be extinguished, perhaps the result ultimately would be their 
voluntary consolidation. The additional bulk which a University gains by the 
annexation of a professional school is hollow and of little value. 


The most important of the suggestions which I have to offer and which I 
believe will meet with extensive concurrence, is that the University should be 
separated from the political government of the Province and placed, like the 
English Universities, under a government of its own, subject only to the law of 
the land and to any external check on its legislation which it may be deemed 
expedient to impose. The reason for this is general, and involves no disparage- 
ment of the intentions or of the action of the Ontario Government. The English 
principle is right which places the Universities beyond the reach of political and 
party influence. Such connection as the English Universities have had with 
political party has arisen, not from their form of government, but mainly from the 
preponderance, now happily terminated, of the clerical element, which was allied 
with a reactionary party in the State. Amidst the chances of party warfare and 
the necessities imposed upon leaders of party in the distribution of political 
ottices, it is not likely that a Cabinet will often, much less that it will always, 
contain a member fitted by his turn of mind and by his experience of academical 
matters, to regulate a University. ear of political influence has operated in one 
instance at least to deter a Canadian college from coming into University Con 
federation. It is well known also that connection with Government cperates as 
a bar to private benefaction. The Government would lose little by the change, 


ol 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A. 1896 


while it would be relieved of some embarrassments. It cannot derive much 
strength from patronage which it is not at liberty to use in requiting political 
effort or attracting political support. On the other hand, Government may be 
swayed in academical appecintments by political fear, and its political tremors 
may,in some crisis like the present, communicate themselves to the action of the 
authorities of the University. 


I would venture to suggest, therefore, that the estate should be made over to 
the University, to be managed by its trustees or through a Committee of the 
Senate, perhaps with the Vice-Chancellor in the chair, and, of course, with a pro- 
fessional Bursar. Tbe nominations to the Presidency and the Professorships I 
would give to the Chancellor, but require him to submit them for acceptance or 
rejection to the Senate. I would require him, before sending a name to the 
Senate for a Professorship, to communicate it to the President of the University 
and hear what the President has to say. At Oxford and Cambridge the appoint- 
ment of some Professorships has been given to Boards of experts; but experience 
seems to show that individual responsibility is the best security. Legislation 
would be the function of the Senate, which, in any case involving a draft upon 
the revenues, would, of course, consult the trustees or its managing committee. 
At Oxford and Cambridge, such of the University and College statutes as have 
been framed or ratified under Parliamentary authority,can be amended only with 
the consent of the Privy Council, which in England is not a political body. 
Submission to the Lieutenant-Governor might form:a similar safeguard here. 


In any case it will be most reasonable and necessary to give all the Univer- 
sity Professors, who constitute the working body of the Constitution, seats in the 
Senate, their representation in which is manifestly inadequate. 


EXHIBIT F. 


SUGGESTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY COUNCIL AND THE CouUNSIL OF UNIVERSITY 
COLLEGE. 


I. The establishment of a “ University Court,” with full powers of expulsion, 
suspension, infliction of fines, etc., to deal with all University breaches of disci- 
pline, whether arising out of the examinations, or in connection with the regular 
work of the term. 


COMPOSITION OF THE CouRT. 


The President and one member from each of the following bodies :— 
The University Professoriate. 

The University College, 

Victoria University. 

The School of Science. 

The Medical Faculty. 


The Councils think that such a Court should also have power to deal with 
contraventions of College regulations of sufficient gravity, on the report of the 
College authorities. The Court should have control of all Societies and Associa- 
tions of students, also of all student publications, with power to delegate the 
supervision to members of the Professoriate. 

32 


59 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 33), A. 1896 


In the case of Societies decided by the “ Court” to be “ College” societies 
the control must be delegated by the “Court” to the College to which they 
belong. 


It is extremely desirable that there should be a uniform system of discipline 
throughout the whole University, and that the Court should be limited in num- 
bers and yet contain a member of each of the divisions, in order to secure the 
cohesion of the University. 


“ College ” Societies not infrequently become “ University ” societies, and the 
decisions as to whether this has taken place or not should rest with this central 
authority. 


II. A more exact definition of the distinction between University and 
College offences than now exists. 


' The new University. Act should define the distinction between University 
and College offences. We have experienced great difficulty in making any 
distinction in the case of University College, which uses the same building as the 
University, at the same time. 


A similar difficulty arises in the case of the Medical Faculty. The difficulty 
of distinguishing between University and College administration is also greatly 
felt in such questions as the control of the buildings and grounds, the admission 
of outside lecturers, the allotment of rooms, the preparation of the estimates for 
the year, the compilation of the Calendar and the control of the College Residence 


III. The establishment of a new Council, consisting of the joint Professoriates 
of both University and Colleges. 


1. To exercise the functions of the Senate Committee on applications and 
memorials. 


2. To fix the time-table of lectures. 


3. To undertake the revision of the curriculum in Arts subject to the assent 
of the Senate, this revision to be undertaken in conjunction with representatives 
of the High Schools on the Senate, representatives of the School of Science and 
of the Education Department, together with the Heads of all affiliated institutions 
concerned in the Arts curriculum. 


It has been found necessary in the past to have meetings of the joint 
Professoriates in order to arrange the time-table and to undertake the revision of 
the curriculum, and we think this body should havea statutory existence. It is 
suggested that to these functions should be added those of the Senate Committee 
on Applications and Memorials as defined in the statute, viz.:— 


“ All petitions and memorials relating to attendance at lectures and examina- 
tions or academic standing shall be laid . . . before the Committee, which 
shall report to the Senate, with recommendations in each case.” 


IV. The formation of the Medical Faculty into an independent Collegiate 
body, with powers of discipline and administration similar to those of the several: 
Colleges of the University. 

The advisability of this is evident from the fact that in the present University- 
Council the number of the Medical exceeds that of the Arts Professors, and also 
that matters affecting the Medical Faculty are necessarily distinct from those of 
the Arts Faculty. 


V. A better representation of the several departments of the University and 
of the College and Medical Faculty on the Senate. 


oUU.C. 33 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 38). A, 1896 


The Councils think that every graduating department in the University 
should be represented on the Senate, and they recommend that the University 
Professoriate in Arts should be ew officio members of the Senate, and that a suitable 
number of representatives should be appointed by each of the Colleges of the 
University, that is to say, from the Professoriates of University College, Victoria 
College, and from the Medical Faculty. 


The necessity for a change in this direction is apparent from the fact that, at 
present, of the sixty members constituting the Senate, only three represent the 
University and one University College. 


o4 


UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. 


oes, lal Je (OM ead Bea el nis, 


STANDING COMMITTEE 
ON FINANCE 
1895-6 


(ADOPTED JANUARY torn, 1896.) 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. 


- TORONTO: 
WARWICK BROS. & RUTTER, PRINTERS, Erc., 68 anp 70 FRONT ST. WEST, 
1896. 


er a! perk i 


23 


ORE Ny 2, 
Bees A 
igieee 


UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. 


ins tab eG) tered B 


OF THE 


STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. 


Toronto, 2nd December, 1895. 


The Standing Finance Committee beg to submit their report for the year ending 
30th June, 1896: 


1. They have obtained from the Bursar the estimates of the receipts on income 
account for the year; and from the Bursar and the heads of University departments 
they have received estimates of the probable expenditures for the year. 


2. They also incorporate in their report, for the sake of convenience, the estimates 
of University College, which have been furnished to the Committee for their informa- 
tion by the Council of University College. 


3. The forms of account which were employed in last year’s report have been adhered 
to, and for the. purpose of comparison the actual results of the transactions of the year 
1894-5 are given. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). 


A. 1896 


UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. 


Estimated Revenue, year 1895-6. 


Estimate Receipts. 
1895-6, 1894-5, 
$ Cc. $ 
(a) Interest on balance purchase moneys (old sales) ....... 22... css ee eee eee 1,550 68 
do (DéevonshirexPlace sales). yet. see. oo ante 1,616 99 2,153 98 
(Gs interest on loans: nee ii 2S dieaeida kip sete aopastameen ge = ciel sTersreiniere Stages Mata axe 31,194 76 | 34,989 76 
Tterest.on Cebentures cw sce eee Wee tle Ror ners a, Po Nigtane va oll aerate: 15,506 70 12,157 26 
(EyCRReTL be AT DAV CLSIby TALIS ele de at My wcthe yraieete es ae NL BET Mabe t= yer Ete rset Gia ag 8,909 44 8,795 20 
ents, business properties, @be eit ithe e's pelein gs sere o Ain't west ines hiner timisnehens 2,836 58 3,759 92 
Rents, miscellaneous : 
Schoolok SCIENCE SLLGH Via ccs. sable aCe em ake etite we Suntan lc ayes ity wie estehae 925 00 1,054 58 
‘Medical Faculty Allowance re Biological Building . . 1,900 00 1,900 00 
Board of Health Allowance re Co. ety aiteeys ats hSckepnetelena ew are cottons 200 00 200 00 
(g) Hees University and College. oc ice cc 6...do ee dm a a opeienrtie al Sys ie evel nee ele oie ee 43,000 00 43,748 75 
(ep Gityot roronto, ‘payment... 2M 005s. i ge ee cae arora Mar areata h cae oo oa oat ecatatnicstes 6,000 00 6,000 00 
(f) Transfer fees, (discharges of mortgages, etc) © ........ cee ce ee eee eee tees 40 00 43 50 
(g) Interest on advances to U. C. College: 
(1) On original advance, re new building and equipment................--. 3,058 33 
(2) On advances on account of $100,000 endowment.......... .....+--.---- 1,599 80 S 0Zaaua 
(ey Suandvy earnings lands oscjaccite ches a cia else antnse lope eet -leoeer bad aus voieins “aan rete tuacelnto ale 1,880 UO 1,927 50 
(jo Interest on banksbalances 22.030. tA. icccuke tbe Aegis vets eie. Me oy eel opts oe cise see lames cee eb 132 60 
(ic) Wnspecified donation 3.0 sha 24.0 ge oa lel ee att Lents ohare se Be ret Avera eee ete 6 55 
120,218 28 | 119,893 64 
Balance at credit of revenue account at 80th June, 1895, carried forward ....... 233 90 
120,452 18 
DEDUCTIONS. 


Interest on the following Special Funds. 


Account. 


ee SS 


ale 0 eee te je © ale, 16 (6) ¢ tele 0 nie BO ym (@ Od 1p fe je) 8) She. Boe ie, e Oe) @ ley. 


(a) Library Insurance Fund (books) 
(b) Museum Restoration Fund . .....-... sce eee e cece e eee eee ence neers 
(c) Residence Extension Fund 

(d) Medical Faculty Surplus Fund 
(e) Vice-Chancellor’s Special Account 
(f) 

(9) 


a) 
b) 
c) Residence Extension Fund ... 20.6.5 cere ee eee eee eee e ene n eben eens ees 


Aa) atk: 2) gale! a 6) 6) @ (60) Bl @riblcb tse) aly se fe) 6. etustid’ (6 @) OVO), 0) Oe) va Te (a (ae) Beem 


dla) ds 0, Bv ale: & eo ieke oy ele. 6, 016.10) 6n0 << s)e)s) R851 0) 28) kre 6.68) eR ee 


Retirement Fund 
Specific Endowment (scholarships) 


o. eie, © wich) late oy @ vl os a © (pie )@ Pakels ote 610 (URS lees, oe 40) vO 8/ e040) 6 we Lenses ue) Shake wike) sees) is 


pew aterec on eves veo eeo reece ese eet eee eee eee e ee 


Interest on amount remaining to be expended on Chemical Building, fittings and 


equipment, $20,000, at 5 per cent ..- 0... eee eee e eee teeter e eee ee eae 
Interest on amount remaining to be expended on Museum cases and fittings, 


$5,528.36, at 5 per cent. 


3 bw fe) 4 0, 0 0 fe. 0 OA Sele 6G 1b 1a Ose he) ©. 6).8) Dp © 16 OA) (ee) 0) 21 kO) Bue. e)re".S: “5 19:40 18) 61S), 


Amount of 

balance at 

30th June, 
1895. 


$ 


38,840 19 
925 86 
780 95 
304 18 
232 88 

15,513 95 

71,624 13 


128,222 14 


Cc. 


eee er rere eeeres 


eeoeecesoeeewee 


Total OF COAUCEIONS mie te ae aie setae Date erecta aioe oro ror ite nvrstereyelell cha esensleteleners a 


Leaving $112,867.78 available for the service of the year. 


4 


Amount of 
interest. 


$ 


1,165 20 
19 64 
23 42 

9 12 

6 98 
930 83 
4,152 80 


6,307 99 


Cc. 


1,000 00 
276 41 


—— 


7,584 40 


F 
; 


Be 


‘6 wy ea Ae ae ~ efi 4 lu _ 
yh re ee Nae ~ ae! re 
hoe Po f ve } . 
Ao ; 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). A a 


——$____ 


GENERAL REMARKS. 


1. Of the items of revenue estimated in last year’s report, a sum of $1,890.49 in 
respect of certain expenses of the Bursar’s office properly chargeable to Upper Canada 
College, had to be written off. In addition to this, in finally arranging with the Govern- 
ment as to the ground rent in connection with the School of Science, a shrinkage of $500 
in the estimated receipt occurred. 

2. These shortages in receipts had the effect of converting the apparent surplus of 
$1,248.70, shown at page 6 of last year’s report, into a deficit of $1,141.79 ; but notwith- 
standing this, the receipt of other unanticipated items of revenue enabled the accounts of 
the year to be closed with a credit balance of $233.90. 

3. With regard to the present year, however, the report shows estimated expenditures 
to the extent of $4,313.13 in excess of the anticipated receipts ; and it is probable that 
there will be a deficiency of $4,000 or $5,000, to meet which we may require to look to 
earnings from investments accrued but not paid at the end of the University’s fiscal year. | 

4, As it is imperative that every possible economy should be exercised on the one 
hand, and every dollar of revenue due be collected on the other, your Committee desire to 
make the following recommendations : 

(1) That a Committee be appointed to consider the cost of conducting the University 
examinations and the fees paid therefor by the various classes of students, 

(2) That a Committee be appointed to investigate the cost of the University printing 
and stationery. 

(3) That a Committee be appointed to suggest better regulations than those now in 
practice for the prompt collection of all fees due to the University. 

(4) That a Committee be appointed to consider the practicability of reducing the 
rate of interest allowed on certain of the fellowship, scholarship and prize endowments, 
and of doing away with the interest heretofore allowed on certain funds. 


J. LOUDON, 


Chairman. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). A. 1896 


Summary oF EstiMATED EXPENDITURE, YEAR 1895-6. 


Chee Se a eS Se ee ee 


Payable out of} Payable out | fy penditure 
Sie kie, interest on of ordinary r904.5 is 
special funds.| revenue. ; 


> ye. $ oC. $ ¢. 
1. Salaries and Pensions : 
(a) Salaries (inclusive of Bursar’s Office and of Retire- 
ment Fund) <.%.. 2240s... SD File Pied 02. WORN SR DUNS, Sigtete Saco 83,511 00 82,369 82 
(5), PeniSiOns io cq ac ohn ss to wiercya pa wtome nies alms s cleasotas seo om += )te + Bes * 2,350 00 1,000 00 
2. Bursar’s Office, exclusive of salaries.......-.2.5+- teens [ee eeer cece cece 1,000 00 1,422 03 
3. Expenses re investments, Ct ....... cece ee eee e ee eee ees [eneee renee oes 800 00 1,048 13. 
4. Scholarships and Fellowships...........-0+-seeereeeees 5/607 00 Neen nee 2,745 00 
By AaB ATTIITIOLS 2 Sees e woes. 8 bce abel a 4 Ha tally ely opmchede ets wile) cis ja leus rts Prabha aueis 7,500 00 7,489 86 
GOMINSUrANGe -es ee sce ee he eee Sine an bens Sete ieveiace 5 ot | © = yh ol agetneel ota eee 1,592 17 1,592 17 
Tie TV GleDhOnes elie. vad ee cues ceoals «eae seein serine se roe ng | 4 o> sal nage a 150 00 150 00: 
8. Library : 
Customary grant . 2... ses cese cece rene tectenceses 1,100 00 1,500 00 2,686 34 
AVE AITIbEANGS hole cre xe le ee os roe Ue ae Perot sess Gta tarerele foknaele 795 00 846 18 
9. Main Building: 
(a) Repairs, maintenance of structure, fuel, water, 
GAS, OUC sehen sak oS ad Ws Riek oo ee ote nen exile See) onions Aaa & nen 3,365 00 3,858 23 
(b) Registrar’s Office ...........0cc eee cee ree cece Jane eer ene e eens 50 00 110 00 
1 OCOD CS ee ee oe ee ate oh ttis relighe tateete rogeco ots Olceh coal (oliea=¥s pees he e's 2,000 00 2,594 78 
11. Chemical Department : 
(a) Maintenance of structure............ cee cece fee ence ee tee 11.00:00 SAG eee 
(b) Maintenance of department........ - ser eeee sees | cece rece eee 400 00 496 26 
12. Biological Department : 
Maintenance of structure, fuel, water, gas, etc ....... |... sss eee eee 1,535 00 1,683 54 
Laboratory supplies........... cece cee teen cence lace e eee es cees 450 00 421 27 
Ctudents Supplied ue < syst cele agi ents Gere ones ie wed etstss ee Tt Atay 879 25 807 00 
Piya Glopyigne ai wes oo ene eisia ie SR Ie tN AY oe Nee otek Soi Dati A Ne POA Vs ea os 130 00 292 07 
13. Physical Department : 
Maintenance eos. ste. sc ws te 5 oss ere mistons eee agi ere i ee pe Sages F 325 00 328 22: 
MA PAT AGUS Sous es own eledecrsy bx ars Gwe iip cope ale Maete ane e geet mo mesnln Ma oPe rie cee 500.007) &. nce cnpemeee 
14. Mineralogical and Geological Department : 
Maintenance. on voce ooo be ck ele nko Dyce Sane ees Se dla ate relieves aces 200 00 180 28. 
DUR hiYerge tC Reon ad ites aie tare eee del Bcinae SS GRUNER tronics caren AO 117 49.4 oo eee eee 
15. Psychological Department —Maintenance Pepi AT RLCA SS AONE Domie lt) Big ese ha 350 00 200 00 
16. Mathematical Department ........ . ..-.-+++-5- shiek ed Rode Siew Sen So 150 00 106 35 
17. Political Science Department—Class Room BUDDIES. oees aii era eeetcle ek 50 00d ceca sarees 
USES Ne bee oeO e et SPR eee PEt INOS rato ch atin Ce ran aati 12500 “1as.¢ ae ere 
18. Classics—Class Room BUPPLIOBS. Cache aia wee eee seen Aileen nsgriae = fers 20 00 12 00: 
19. English Eta Rieter Hey Wy oe eg bs OA AN Py CRE 900 00 4 Ae eg eee 
20. French ON el nh ie re pata On Pind, RR I Pe RAL Af EPSON ES 21 00 6 77 
21. German OE EE ae eT Te ei, Cte Shas cco ft bce ok Biceps kegel os latunt sccrete or 3) OR ea) ee tala ea 
22. Italian and Spanish—Class Room SUPPlIGss.t7 : i. eet alae Picante a teen, Let 20 00 5 75 
93 Oriental’ Literature: 9) 802 *Y 40 Ny herent, Pato 8 amie a ates 20 00 11 31 
24. Stationery—University a GP EIR oh ri Fe Pe ROR Se thre fen Ae NS hn to 1,100 00 1,035 24 
DRS Printing. (eter Gy) Sh AGG icsateralnt, ot se no gimnnna = Vipee amr ia ineTs 2,750 00 2,910 96 
96. Advertising i. Ts nek he Re tere Ween ar tS A SRA Sot snes Ment S 300 00 297 65 
27. Incidentals NN ie eed Weta Oe Shame ante ia Sis Chae ae lt Sal WOR, (hrc Ng 150 00 132 20 
28. Stationery—University College Pe Rs Ne PADS wnt St yr LOGS 100 00 64 15 
BO Printing om uh oe eA Bee Pee ears tiie outa ep ahs wa) =o Pie Seas e's 100 00 96 55 
30. Advertising 66 ei SP iene ele tod tslae cee reas phan ete fe ee ea 75 00 65 50: 
31. Incidentals ad Bag 2a Lin Sepa i EA er Rd cy rte eae Oak re 75 00 56 50 
32; Convocation Cxpenses .......... cee certs eeee eee ich Sa as? Nie PRN IRE 125 00 110 10 
3S a Sonate clechlOns.s. csstns 26 4s cama inte eit ciate obligate siedmecam nig aeemret wiencaeinies 495 00 N33 giv stan woes nase 
34. Gymnasium—Maintenance ............+-- PAV. Ser uk EMH atten cee eels ets 775 00 748 55 
4,757 50 117, 180 91 117,930 76 
Total estimated expenditure out of ordinary income ........ MP hear at des laa embeees 117,180 91 
Totalavailableincome.(p. 4) ..c¢cccescec cu see 0s arses bP [wis siblegisiel= wimwios | seeps iiua om 5 * sts 112,867 78 
Deticit eee: sieht es caeee ns OU os ara nally dee eee eae ah Matec Ae, 4,313 13 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). A, 1896 


DetaILeD EstTimaTE OF ExPENDITURE, YEAR 1895-6. 


Estimated Amount 
; amount, year | paid year 
Salaries. ending ending 


30th June, 30th June, 
1896. 1895, 


1. Bursar’s Office : $ ¢. $ ¢c. 
Bursar (salary at $2,400, for four months $800; at $1,200, for eight 

TUDU LE SOOO) tec tae ye eee ee eet at ea Se NA ae 1,600 00 2,400 00 
Accountant pLESIAEY. at $800, for three months $200 ; abt $1,000 for nine 

MOUS: GeOO) sere ke renee nee aioe tens UN ee pe 950 00 775 00 

COLOR ers Ree oe yee cele ce On a Mace MT NMG ed as col ork ohh cd ce hoe chock 240 00 240 00 

2,790 00 3,415 00 


2. Library : 
Librarian (salary at $1,500, for six months $750; at $1,600, for six 


TION ENE POO) ula Aa eee emer MO Sa wend ahaa Paste Geie wf pares 1,550 00 1,450 00 
Assistant (salary at $350, for three months $87.50; at $400, for nine 
MORES, DOUO eae acot te Re Te eae oe ioe PEK die as a eee 387 50 337 50 
Former Assistant (salary at $350, for three months SSs50) pee. See 87 50 337 50 
Assistant (salary at $300, for nine months $225), also Stenographer in 
hegistran 6 Oticeiae cease ce erst Toke wat Te enon ee 22D OO Ue ae cations eee 
Delivery Clerks, two (salary at $15 per month for eight{months) . 240 00 240 00 
Delivery Clerks, two (salary at $10 per month for eight months)...... 160 00 120 00 
Caretaker (also paid AS AALCAOMOL) ay Ne aie a ae ak ee weed eek gee eae 500 00 500 00 
3,150 00 2,985 00 
3. General as between University and University College : 
President (also paid as Professor of Physics) .... ..........eeeceeees 1,800 00 1,800 00 
Janitor Cone at $384, for three months $96; at $420, for nine| ° 
TRONEIE, SOLO eee rete ace ert at Menta ete cle eine Oe can ele Sielens 411 00 384 00 
DGrmler Sal Loree ermine nL) cree at ratte ocho eS aterm alters crate Scout Oiatave ope’ s ican eh 529 00 
Gardener (also paid as Caretaker of the Library) ...................- 100 00 155 00 
magineertwith rooms and fuel\nos ees poet ea vee ts os dee creme: 576 00 576 00 
Fireman (salary at $35 per month for eight months) Ae ne PORES 280 00 252 00 
CRakw OMAiaelen oc, Machin s aile me a epee REL e. tet bk Sent read aie e Meets 312 00 312 00 
Attendant on coat room and lavatory, at $25 per month for seven 
TOULES eres ene aes eras ee eT emo cate decd ality aereh a Patio aco int 175 00 155 00 
3,654 00 4,163 00 
4, Pensions: 
E. J. Chapman ($1,800 per annum for nine months) ................. 15350500; Nees cee nena 
LP TLITECHLOLCLEL: «ects oh caer see hehe ota eo Rh, MERE ee ee ae 1,000 00 1,000 00 
2,350 00 1,000 00 
5. University of Toronto, general : 
Wace CONANCELION oe eee tite rss tals carers tn ters cae ea eae anit a oe 400 00 400 00 
Registrar (salary at $1,200, for six months $600; at $1,300, for six 
TMODCDSLOWIO en ick t cate sa oe Megs e.. Lids, tele te< es eiited Coote at 1,250 00 1,150 00 
Registrar’s Assistant (also paid as Lecturer in Greek ya. auc: we monk aid 200 00 218 00 
Bene and attendant on seuate...4 och rans saad cite ae ccled o's eens 650 00 600 00 
PGC a ooh Seas apie ARAN rh ae A RUS cy NA NE ern aR ER a ae ee a GMT Sle Je 2 100 00 100 00 
2,600 00 2,468 00 


6. Teaching staff, etc., University of Toronto: 
(a) Modern History and Ethnology : 
Professor (salary at $2,500, for three months $625; at $2,600, 
LOVENTUOLIDONELN D1, POU ma ean ees oa cic ate nora atria sts nie eee 2,575 00 2,000 00 


2,575 00 2,000 CO 


(6) Political Science : 
Professor (salary at $2,700, for three months $675 ; at $2,800, for 


nine months $2, 100) PP RGM Me he Soden atta at Ns ita a a 2,775 00 2,675 00. 
Professor of Constitutional and International Law............. 1,000 00 1,000 00 
Professor of Roman Law, Jurisprudence and History of English 

Warietire ter ke LG ee ctr sone SUPSTIEN Gain Co perras Glee tae den 1,000 00 1,000 00. 
Blow a eey autora ee vhs bes SE fete ee Deaths es Meme CNS Aenea haat 500 00 
4,775 00 5,175 00 


x 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). “ A 1896 
DETAILED EstimaTE OF EXPENDITURE, YEAR 1895-6.—Continued. 
Estimated Amount 
amount, year | paid year 
Salaries. ending ending 
30th June, 30th June, 
1896. 1895. 
6. Teaching staff, etc., University of Toronto—Continued : $ 6C¢ $ Cc 
(c) Mathematics : 
Professor (salary at $3,100, for three months $775; at $3,200, 
Lor. Tine. mon ths h2s400) siege elas Meee seh opacegsio ee atarene 3,175 00 3,075 00 
Lecturer (salary at $1,000, for three months $250; at $1,200, for 
ninemonths 900): yo he So ae pret ee faa comes igtee 1,150 00 975 00 
GIT OW Se ote wie es Dinter haus ee take coe > oe eR NEcde owe tana oor Vantaa 500 00 500 00 
4,825 00 4,550 00 
(d) Physics : 
PAP OLGESOL eco seis bdige dan kis poeta el oe RIE tere ee ee cee, ne 3,200 00 3,200 00 
Demionatrator! Cle Ve cue iii. Pei eel Re Maco wk ae crt teee BPat 1,800 00 1,775 00 
Lecturer (salary at $1, 000, for three months $250 ; at $1,200, for 
Hine months GIO we. oe aka hoe eee eee, Bay a pees whee 3,150 00 975 00 
Assistant Demonstrator (salary at $700, for three months $175 ; : 
at $900, for nine months $675) 2.2 ...3 426... sects eee 850 00 700 00 
GLOW Apeaiice ins coh Oa Soa One a Eat a are, Oh BES stants i cca ark ane eee 500 00 
Mechanical Assistant (salary at $900, for three months $225 ; 
at $950, for nine months $712.50) ............-. .1...8.. 937 50 900 00 
7,937 50 8,050 00 
e) Chemistry : 
PTOLERSOU pen oo sc ahs tec alesse nee is ame Ree ere are eee 3,200 00 3,200 00 
Demonstrator (salary at $1,100, for three months $275; at 
$1,300, for nine months $97: 3) RAAT Ae Se Secret ne Seared se Sree 1,250 90 1,075 00 
Lecturer (salary at $1,000 for nine months)... .. «......... 750-00" 1.76, eer 
Toecture; Assistant: Aes yW ail wiok Selec eet pele) oe eee en eee 500. 00°|2% (2% teaeaeae 
eT Owe he hid se ais nels ia Se SI eM ate ta, emer dena 500 00 | 500 00 
Former Demonstrator (salary at $500 for three months) CA ap eS 125 00 ! 500 CO 
Former Assistant Lecturer ae at $500, for three es 125 00 500 00 
Attendant: 2:4 9 vests 2) eS ae ih deen eainaep tricia sie seekers, Net 504 00 504 00 
6,954 00 6,279 00 
(f) Mineralogy and Geology : 
Professor yates. P38 cede ha ee a arn ode ED es ats, anette 500 003) 704 Ss as ee 
Former Professor (salary at $3, 100, for three months).......... 775 00 3,100 00 
Hallow i uhs« ceefe Ri ieee Rowe Oy Ryka. hten, er areeeepmeaner fate Pele te RR eee 500 00 500 00 
Athend a th).: deere + stank ecko «aioe Aes RR aa gee a 200 00 200 00 
I 97b 00. 3,800 00 
(9) Biology : 
PUOLGRROL : Cen Paonia ao od ha Dest Ph eto at eases aise eee eee 3,200 00 3,200 00 
Associate Professor of Physiology (salary at $2,000, for three 
months $500; at $2,100, for nine months $1,575) ........ 2,075 00 1,975 00 
Lecturer (salary at $1,000, for three months $250: at $1,200, for 
nine months $900) ERAS tate RS onal cepa cand aed Caio k Uae oH oe 1,150 00 975 00 
Assistant Demonstrator (salary at $700, for three months $175 ; 
at $800, for nine months G600)). 2.55 We ssi wwe let ste ste oe 775 00 700 00 
PANO Wiis iciedein ce 1 Aba ice ada ealitie nr Sete I agrerges Tee cence Bak elegata 500 00 500 00 
Sub-Curator of Museum (salary at $624, for three months $156 ; 
at $666, for nine months $499.50) ..... 0... wee eee eee ee 655 50 624 00 
Attendant and Carétaker oi? 2 Siwwat iss G vn OR tne ee ae BR eet 500 00 495 00 
BOY COATED eae ah chloe Ss Sed cee cia kaa Wo ae eee Oe eee ott ‘ 120 00 120 00 
8,975 50 8,589 00 
(h) Italian and Spanish : 
Associate Professor (salary at $2,000, for three months $500 ; 
at $2,100, for nine months $1, BT) ody. chan Sade x maaan aang 2,075 00 1,975 00 
Mellow 771 Wiis ee eles id ote hie oe oleh cacy att NO ote eee On | Ne eh cca or 500 00 
Temporary. lnstructor in [taltan sowuit)) ek ee te eee ee 150°00" (ee ea ater tees 
Temporary Inatructor im Spanish =. 2544.23.05 see cae eee | 1502-007) Sees eee 
| SS 
| 2,375 00 2,475 00 


ive) 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (N 0. 39). 


= 


A. 1896 


DerTaAILeD Estimate oF EXPENDITURE, YEAR 1895-6.—Continued. 


Salaries. 


SS as | eres Semi? eee Serene | esineanmsuepabiices a saadisemmeninans ined | eee 


6. Teaching staff, etc., University of Toronto—Continued : 
(¢) Logic and Metaphysics : 
Lecturer and Demonstrator in Psychology (salary at $1,200, for 
three months $300 ; at $1,500, for nine months $1,125) . 
Lecturer in Philosophy (salary ‘at $800, for three months $200 ; 
at $1,000, for nine months $750) 


slereiat “sitet to% Aemv sets co cee el otslane 


%. Teaching staff, University College: 
(k) Ethics: 
Professor 


SREP e ee See AS ey Uae! Sep oe ev Wh wl gh @ ef ef 8 tele) a ene eae) ew) ©. w) py ele: & eel eins el eas 


{l) Greek : 
Professor 


Seah oes) nee 810 (Soe ep erene 06a bile 2.0.9 0 Ae ulel.e) a ene. = 6 66 4) 916) 0).0 8 BNG.8 om ee 


& A) 0/6. "w:'o, 0,6) 9 oF @) of oe? ake wee 6) 6 2) oe ww @ 0.8. et is'a, s) chare 0) © 


of af = Ke a) Oo! 5) eae lice el ease 


Fellow 
Temporary Lecturer 
Temporary Lecturer 


me At, 6) oe umn Stal e7 Rie! w/a), 6/9) 6's) af aiSite [eile we. 6 0 6) ) ec a) |) ie? @ aiis) 6t 6° o 6a! 'S Gala d 6s, a0 ee ee 
DW, 6 Gravee ows, el ehie! & ale O Mele ee eo) ee us 6 gle sae le RitCR ele 


OS 8 wes! TCS ey 6 rre8'et ate) oF slg wis: mi 6!s ‘eu «sO a. 6.6 Se ¥ ee 0.6) 


(n) Oriental Literature : 
Professor (salary at $2,700, for three months $675 ; 
for nine months $2, 100 


at $2,800, 


(0) English: 


Professor 
Lecturer 


Raa Se Ones) Se Carn OLS (6) Cae ens ee) Ah, oo oe a8. BUS ee gal ae OO &. bile fave? a2, 16 ale te tela. 


ete "ee SeRe ie soe Ws eel iwt 6) 4) Ss) 0) 0.6, 6: 8 th Se a) a. 6) oy Byaheta’ of o's elel 6 0)s , vl oie a) stad pie © 


(») French : 
Associate Professor (salary at $2,000, for three months $500; at 
$2,100, for nine months $1, 575) oats Hata he os aoa de A 
nine months $97 5). SE Per ei Goa ee MENT ok nie am ¢ 


ee eee 


Pe OHS, aye Ble) oe We 8) 4! 8) ie OS Lae Sree) 9 ae) eb) bo eleteelal eel basic 


Cece ee ee ser eee eeir ses eos 


G5OF eh ule (6) Org) ie, (6) = ei\e16) alle) sie, eug).wie o) a) whe, oasis) sy 6 


Ce J eC eC a a) 


8. Gymnasium : 
Instructor (salary at $800, for nine months) 
Caretaker 


2s 


wees Se OL Oe ey SOE Seuss: ORK hy OO) A) Beh. Hw) .d e4s, wa anh ai wtete cxS ola ie bs ele e's b. diate Goerelac ele 


Estimated 
amount, year 
ending 
30th June, 
1896, 


1,425 00 
950 00 


2,375 00 


3,000 00 
3,000 00° 
3,200 00 
1,050 00 


1,875 00 
1,250 00 


4,025 00 


2,775 00 
"250 00 
600 00 


3,625 00 


3,200 00 
1,800 00 


5,000 00 


2,075 00 | 


SEG 8 FiOS 0) RT Er mee le /'6) 20.856) 6) 6) 6) 6) 6,6. 6:'e ALG |S O).6,'6 16 0b) GtO, ebony = a tabare [rcs Sars. ete ee Mbsaleue 


1,100 00 


Amount 
paid year 
ending 
30th June, 
1895, 


1,200 00 
775 00 


oe ee 


1,975 00 


3,000 00 


3,000 00 
3,200 00 
875 00 


ee 


4,075 00 
1,308 32 . 


1,075 00 
312 50 


} 500 00 


3,195 82 


2,650 00 
975 00 


3,625 00 


3,200 00 
1,775 00 


4,975 00 


1,975 00 


1,075 00 
500 00 


eer eo re rece co ens 


3,550 00 


2,075 00 


1,075 00 
500 00 


3,650 00 


Pe ee ee ee 


375 00 


i EE a ee 


9 


- 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). A, 1896 


Pr LE eT RD alas a tee Nc ad eR a EE 8S Be, Satie ete eee 


Deraitep EstimatE or ExPENDITURE, YEAR 1895-6.—Continued, 


eh ee ee SS ee 


Payable out of} Paid out of |- . 
Expenses. interest on ordinary A Are aid 
special funds, revenue. . 


em SS SS 


Pevece $ «c. $ «G 
2. Bursar’s office (exclusive of salaries now on salary list) : 

Allowance to cover gas, fuel and attendance...... 2.6 [eee e eee eee fees ree serene 100 00 

Stationery, printing, postage and incidentals...-..... |...-.-++++ s+ 700 00 622 03 

Allowance for rent of OfffC@ 2... ccc ccc cc eens cote cece foeeeeecer esse [recesses nceses 400 CO: 

Auditors <<. Pe NEG peu tree 5-6 Sine WE rie ete wiet | sarees Mp aie ee 300 00 300 00 

fea aes es 1,000 00 1,422 03. 
3. Expenses ve investments, etc.: 
LIS We COBES Sg sh ae Cc a eo ne «stata Sore weno s otereuaie Meore ret ofetane sel) Ana yn Wen ode "a ahha wiihes's 500 00 686 64 
General incidentals (including commission on loans) .. |........--+++- 300 00 361 493 
Sbiieras ti ectctaass 800 00 1,048 13 
4, Scholarships and Fellowships: . 
(a) Scholarships : 
Junior Matriculation : 
1 *Princeiof Wales inci ss aah ateteb oor 50 00 |..... pte e ess 50 00 
Edward Blake Scholarships : 
1a, General’Proficiency ... «22... +4-1.+..-04s' GO OOS eesm stent cet ore 60 00: 
2, Se MAS Wy ease Sens SARS rie daeeioph/ 49°50 ses ouites wears 42 50: 
3. SCA dice Painted tee eeitdiete casera Coto 2500" oe vatneiaes tse 25 00 
4, Oo ERY BAR TIN Caiecs ie hin A cana Bieconiate 22.101) hate donee arate 22 50 
5. LIME LO RR ok RI iy Rte tate YS bE 2O OO He fiat sane ee 20 00 
6. 4) PRA eh Hey A POE BU EIS UA is sai Seer 17 50 
fe REP bal A coyotes, cee Nee eet oo TOCOO Rie eae eee 15 00 
8. dh West Durham ........ DESO Aaah tee cad acte ee 25 00: 
1. Classics and Mathematics .................. COLOR ray wenn tee 60 00 
oR Oy ete A dM EMR a cr cbaiinselatn Simao one tcege tere £02005) ele cvaathaou ee ee 20 00: 
1; /Classi¢s and. Moderns <2. faces an. oe ase ts 60700 dake eevee 60 00 
2, SOR PEAR Ne OS og RUS irs cap PON PRAY ty 4 ADHBOR Fen. au aera 42 50 
3. Reagent Tae Mee Je CMa Aa et oe Lie erisiee eon 20 OO) iene thie AR Ras Pee se A 
4, eR Ly Sn Goin teen CH Minna tt gre EN Ee 17. BO. Oa st ee es terete , 
1. Mathematics and Moderns............+20.-- BO 00 at ie den oe oe 60 00 
2. Ss abe eR tg a Ag dart cn cS are eS 20008) Seatiracce sae ee 20 00 
1. Mathematics and Science .................. GOL00 FR ahaa 60 00 
2. Si) Ui ea ee at atk Sa enor 4 ee ware 20; 00 ev cae eee takes 20 00 
1, Moderns and Science ....-.....-.-+2.22000% 60500 {OP ae eee ien 60 00: 
2. th Paes Tena STG, Licty a uals) ee eae Ke 20-00%) F2 aed seagate odie ore alae : 
1PMathemiaticse.t ee aos oti ieee tea tee 60:00 cL Ne Se baees 60 00: 
2, AR ER i ee mtn GE ia teu PrN. Sh Et es LD” OOS See tes near 15 00 
Tse LOd earns tecccat Ltn eta Alan ee enna 60.00 sf ieee weet cee 60 00 
2. HE ADAP ae ee Let Rune gee tne dace tesa ete eye 15¢003| py ce wee ee 15 00 
APRS CIOTIGS Sig hale poinee ed cre MED ele iol isa = eva ie GO 00 siniws b tileda geste 2 ee eetegee meee 
2. Bea ee OR AE oe nee Bae sea iota eta ate 16: 009): Si tiek © aighales ane oe oe 
1, Classics— Mary Mulock ......:....0...2-00. 6000 Rs. ee ee 60 00 
2, x SSE (eM t . 2 Sh etat thces eros ceq arene 60) 007 haem coer ae 60 00 

First Year : 

Classics (Moss Scholarship).......-  .....2-e65 605005) 2 aetna ieeer 60 00 

Modern Languages (Blake Scholarship) ....... 6000 sh Giareeme er 60 00 

Mathematics and Physics (Fulton Scholarship). 60 00 Vee Fae ea o eren adisin eee sista ie afae a 

ae panes eae Scholarship) .......... GOS00% | osm ies nae ee hme a sreert 
hemistry an ineralogy mahi 

Chemistry and Physics (Fulton Sch’rship) GO POO iliac acini datal s tip= se hove are alee 

Political Science (Banker’s Scholarship)........ 10200 "ieee ene 70 00 

Second Year: : 

Classics (William Mulock Scholarship) ... .... COMOOR eee ear weit 60 00 
Modern Languages (George Brown Scholarship) GORO0 sass Cer ies as So 60 00 
Political Science (Alexander Mackenzie Scholar- 

ship) NoOsies.. 2 ches ere hse neem: ceases 7B OO Rice ie ws sab ae'y | Sea tonne erica dene 
Political Science (Alexander Mackenzie Scholar- 
Bip) NO.2 she eran tice werent aie a isia pee oe as BO) 00. ning ok A ee ee eee 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). A, 1896 


DeEtTaILEeD EstimMaTE oF EXPENDITURE, YEAR 1895-6.—Continued. 


Payable out of| Payable out of pe 
Expenses, interest on ordinary fer a 
special funds. revenue. ; 
Scholarships. — Continued. $c, $ Cc. $ ¢. 
Second Year: 
Philosophy (John Macdonald Scholarship) ..... BO OOF ise acai aie 50 00 
Mathematics and Physics (William Mulock 
scholarship )iecta teat onc ack ce ted ate. OOS 007 see ae een eee. 60 00 
Natural Science (Blake Scholarship)........... 60: O08 Let ta eae 60 00 
Chemistry and Mineralogy Blake See aia g GOL OO nee wea aie tae 60 00 
Chemistry and Physics (Blake Scholarship) .. 60. OOM Ie a seces! SR eae 60 00 
Third Year : 
Classics (Moss Scholarship in 1896, William Dale 
MCHOLATAID 1H 1590) chee cr olateer asic soe ce ae 60: OO Meieacei tek 60 U0 
Modern Languages (Julius Rossin Scholarship). GO} 00! iia ke R i CORE ie A GA ee et ae 
Etbics (John Macdonald Scholarship).......... DOr OG cine ee osse ra eee. « 60 00 
Political Science (Alexander Mackenzie Scholar- 
SHIP) NOW ke eee Eee Ce ere Nae lamin eta TOU OO Soret sco kta Piste eee niyo Oates 
Political Science (Alexander Mackenzie Scholar- 
ship) ING mente, porns ates et nie cota ok DOL OORT eae aie cay Pea daha et eine 
Mathematics and Physics (A. A. A. S. Scholar- 
BOT) eorceeios oie: Senna aetna PINS ree w en os OO are eee se cee 75 00 
Natural Science (Daniel Wilson Scholarship)... COZOO Rs oo eealn eee 60 00 
Chemistry and Mineralogy (Daniel Wilson 
MICHOlALALIP feta Reece sad tee ee ei males GOLOOR IR AN dere alt 60 00 
Chemistry and Physics (A. A. A. 8, Scholarship) TOLOOs Sateen wee 70 00 
Post Graduate : 
Political Science (Ramsay Scholarship) ....... 60" OOF Lae aoe 60 00 
Medicine (Brown Memorial Scholarship) ...... SOO! OO: hein eves os slatten thee a Be denies 
(6) Graduate Fellowships : 
Alexander Mackenzie Graduate Fellowship in 
POUTICAIMCIONCE est emis eee las ele aoe ue SFO OO! Sib oie eae cece 375 00 
Alexander Mackenzie Graduate Fellowship in 
Political SClenCOws soo > eauiee, ce cite ee ee ys BOL OOS aocteates amin ae 375 00 
yO OU Plone Ok: had : 2,745 00 
5. Examiners : 
DADE iat Ne re ag sere an Se Nae ee reat AS dina M1 8 tie Be in Ase ho 4,650 00 4,764 13 
WEG VIS aVe pti Oy taeda I leg me SI Ee ATA Ws Ue ag MC Re VORA BOM NAD, be 1,100 00 1,088 50 
Les Berth lee BEI ithe A Misiale Ba on FESS SAS ON a, CF i RR eed da 140 00 126 00 
Engineering and EPG SCIBNCOM ca. hak eames: ai ema 100 00 100 00 
DICNGISELY For ey ann | See aT Nae Wha Danis oh ters Ano ea Be 230 00 220 50 
ARTIC ULI es oun tune ct coarse aati Leal Reo pum eR | ahh ela ceee es tae : 300 00 247 50 
EET Gp Se eG CE ee aoe Ae en Mae WO hae, Teal Bod nee alate sta 100 00 60 00 
Pharmacys,i.. 4: DRA ghar ste Pale en Gear Ast APRN ate Al sitte! i] cue tact apetec eh ated 300 00 265 78 
POA SUR Vere tly en cat saa aero AM ott ot cree alate reels Tce ee ae aE 180 00 180 00 
IM AUMeiitAtI Oli den fs hs Me ecniee oats cig deat rate ee tees: Ht co pea me tenets 400 00 387 45 
7,500 00 7,439 86 
6. Insurance : 
For three years $4,776 52. Proportion charged to 
POVOEMIIE Oru Ouu-O cose ates tere Ie eta ds earere oo Obit Ae Wille mae ties toes 1,592 17 1,592'17 
1,592 17 1,592 17 
7. Telephones: 
LIIVOPELEY AMES“ DULLGING ut thoy clataeke SRSLY atersccle of fidore cea ewes 30 00 30 00 
DMC ume NRE Ser Or AY corks ee OMe Cin Oe thio eo Ae carte O saan ae 45 00 45 00 
Biological PUUCIO® ann hoes rey SMiahdns uae te RP Tae wantows vy Coat pears rica tes 30 00 30 00 
TAN THAG Bet Cap nett ion he SORRY kk tek ae. oT 1 ie NS 45 00 45 00 
150 00 150 00 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers 


(No. 39). 


A. 1896 


DETAILED EsTimATE OF EXPENDITURE, YEAR 1895-6.—Continwed. 


Payable out of|Payable out of 


Amount paid 


Expenses, interest on ordinary 1894-95 
special funds. revenue. ; 
2S epee ae Se ae ele eS oo a | ee 
8. Library (exclusive of salaries) : Pek: | passe yee 
Oustorary sranto es. ain eae ie oferta ak eee 1,100 00 1,500 00 . 2,686 34 
Maintenance sil ael Fao yic hs wate nies stakes oad hea ieParaloy| suo% Varkalons = le-01 ste 280 00 334 01 
NV BUOL Deh Gude cy ashe oe tetera ane tee Pick: 40 00 21 93 
(AUR Sed a ore Rin fo ceeeep steer el etage: Pere neaeedattty abe It tegen ar Bina 10 00 5 18 
Cleaning he pataccsthc Shireen see eee so arash areata et 215 00 196 50 
Paiciden taka ase 8 vice Sauer = wn tia Fe inetereome gl > tis 6 alee oer 100 00 
FRODALTS call wees eee eee Aa i pana Santee ear 150 00 \ 288 56 
1,100 00 2,295 00 3,532 52 
9. Main building : 
(a) Maintenance—Repairs (carpentry and plumbing, 
occasional labor and sundries) .. |........-..... 1,200 00 1,487 44 
Bre] ec 0 FG ae aL te Bae ec ln Oe nial tes nee 1,850 00 2,139 47 
Water is 3b hy iiseden podcasts hee ented, aaa a" Gere a 240 00 | 227 00 
OSES, ‘Silas wade: Riarto aca orttiao gt sae tehe agin te thera es che re ee adie 75 00 | 54 32 
(HigiOgIS tr AT SiOTLCE tie ciao ikcits oP lee sbejalel nari ere aia Se eral'a eles inka cs 50 00 110 00 
| 3,415 00 3,968 23 
10. Grounds : 
Occasional labor, roads, fences, sidewalks, etc. (in- 
cluding fencing of Devonshire Place, $465) ...... |........+.---- | 2,000 00 2,594 78 
11, Chemical Department : 
(a) Maintenance of Structure—Fuel ~.... 2... 20.200. [oes ee ee ee pee 400 BOs Pe oe soli ee ee 
TAS Sate Ve Teak UA ewe eis cn 300 200 1 iss eee ee 
Ale: ets) pe eeerea en Remar at cai || eRe ee ese 125 00. eac aeeee 
Cléanin cimaterials 25. ome t dscse-rnets | 100 200 “lea. eas 2 ae eee 
Cleaning assistance... |.......... ee LOU8.00 TORI ae ee 
Repairs and incidentals |.............. 10 DOA as 
T,100:.00 -\-pl ace teats 
(6) Maintenance of Department—Chemicals, etc ....|.......+..--.- | — 400 00 496 26 
400 00 496 26 
12. Biological Buildings : Maintenance of structure— 
LINES RED RONDE ena aa A eC ee MGT et SO A AEA T Awa Ronin ere ee haa 600 00 692 31 
as and electricsdight, ¥ pci se.dc0 ae shee ate ms pea anee teenie Olas eam a ace 160 00 157 48 
DCR Sey patie detod auane an cele Ueto iabe Sh See pac Be gr otete Senate piToantetin nce ahaa 100 00 104 28 
House furnishings and cleaning materials............|++-.+¢eee.e0.- 150 00 154 00 
Repairs, including carpentry and plumbing.......... |...---+-20s-6. 300 00 232 37 
Gasand clectrici light fittings...) 22 be Mae Pn tes ao ee piece hae | se aes Olea eper 131 20 
Additional attendance and cleaning assistance (ex- 
clusive of mineralogical and anatomical rooms)... |.....4.-+----, 225 00 211 90 
1,525 00 1,683 54 
Biological Department : 
Laboratory—lecture room and Museum supplies...... |-......---.--- 450 00 421 27 
Students laboratory Supplies’: vcj.icccie erodes «ve em dee ete Oe. w etal miielials 879 25 807 00 
Physiology maintenance |. LAs smo tess «ot ailina ot ohomehe eane are 130 00 292 07 
| 1,459 25 1,520 34 
13. Physical Department : | 
Maintenance--SuUpplIes ) oseihs cic euicle v hele de ee oles Gia ein aan Woh eee 325 00 328 22 
PA WO arabs Soiree castes Gants fetes iia eye c jue ets aati apccne tae vated HOOROG ai cwiaiet. cde oer 
Lips iat gets wa Oe 825 00 , 328 22 
14. Mineralogical and Geological Department : 
Supplies and sundries, including students’ supplies... |............-. 200 00 180 28 
Minerals (addition to Ferrier collection) ......... ...|-..-- ALY AQ} era eaec em 
| ol7 49 180 28 


RR Spa SR ey ee eS eee 


12 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 39). A. 1896 


DeEralLeD Estimate or Expenpiture, YEAR 1895-6.—Concluded. 


| 


Payable out of|Payable out of : 
Expenses. interest on ordinary eon Da 
special funds. revenue. al 
| 


Drae $ ¢ $B ¢ 
15. Psychological Department : | 
MMaINUENANCE Us ean e tre mare tori weh a! ET GL wa 350 00 200 00 
“ESS SALES SUG 9 (ee Co AD ER ics 2 AL I, COR il a | 150 00 | 106 35 
17. Political Science : | 
Claes, ZOOM AUD pllesmine ea ae RE Me LNs pk tcl PU ac Gale 50; OO Ui aihvaieee seine 
Books fondepartmoental Pnprarys gu videess 01 a ack My sate oe ee E2D4008 eee Sane ee ae 
7B OO fexctee ore ee setae 
18. Classics: 
Matin Class: POOm SU Pplies = tte ee oe hen adc. bets Via we eee eos | 20 00 12 00 
19. English ; 
Class room supplies and provision for reading of essays |.............. 20000 | Aare curate ey: 
20. French : 
ESCORBHOL CLASS TOOL, USE ut eet est hoe kaa eee. og PN, [hee Mr tiabe Oty 21 00 6 77 
21. German : 
BOGkS 16m ClassLOOI Usedennc fay, Mame wi esi ines Va Mea hol i eke A Mon ye A | PS acl Ne 
22. Italian and Spanish : | 
BOOK St OMCIASS, FOO wince Gk oe Oe eh ea a cents ee 20 00 | 5 75 
23. Oriental Literature : 
opis fon: Classroom use wh ie ct |e Ke wish eae os ee oh ee ok 20 00 11 31 
| 
24, Stationery (University) : 
Office supplies, papers for examination, postage, etc..|.............. 1,100 00 1,035 24 
Day TIMI NOMA DEVEPSIby ey fa ees ee, gar ty ee age Wet ce | 2,750 00 | 2,910 96 
goes caner iain) (University | cesnen ks ene cokes cose d cece tle TRO hee oe, | 300 00 | 297 65 
Bie GMLEDUALE NG LIT VLSI DY Volos data ee tases Ree ila Re tee eae ee ee 150 00 | 132 20 
! 
23.) soationery (University College)... 7.6.0 es. vo oo Ves pata i 100 00 64 15 
Ze Etinting,| University. Gollese)jersy. (8. Js. “ionic os a. | fads ar and Uta cay 100 00 96 55 
30. Advertising (University College) .............00c0.005. | Ae the 1 Bo dd 75 00 65 50 
sieuiucdentals (University College) «were e ee. ty eo oe 75 00 | 56 50 
Bek AONy OCCASION Cx Penseson ire, Cate Pert We Phe ie eae | ESMOND, Wi ea Yo | 125 00 | 110 10 
33. Senate Elections : | | | 
pellowanceita. SCrutineern s,s oo rat's oll oo Renee See | Fos eo ee 200 00 aS a nad Ors Ree oe 
Postage, printing and incidentals.................... | REA A Piety Pater 22000 Meat oatr ss pA eae 
AZ OOLT ede va eee 
34, Gymnasium and Students’ Union : 
ete OO ots eh ae ak ie ih Sy RASS OME NC, oh MOORE ET og (Re ae an PR 250 00 206 65 
Water CHCEAC SY SOUSA RE Cage 8 tee Peer eyes Aco bc ica te ba fe 120). OO Sos vr eee: Niners 
FERPE oc Ath RRMA DWAD elie SN lef a Ae eo. URI Ur ci CUR eat 50 00 18 80 
PTO ear htt, Uhre, ak ee een ty ee ar hh me pete ate 80 00 
Hepairace pete y fec3 he Aa aie sateiere a Nyce eae gener ae Ue eae ay ee | 100 00 | 523 10 
Incidentals ........ Deol eunrirate ashe p48 but a CRMC seks Oe aot 175 00 | 
ee ee 
| 775 00 | 748 55 


— 


| 59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 39). A, 1896 


Toronto, 11th December, 1895. 


James Bresner, Esq., B. A., 


Registrar, Universtty of Toronto. 


Dear Sir,—At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held to-day, the draft Report 
of the Council of University College and of the Committee of the Senate on Finance, 
containing estimates of revenue and expenditure, and the Committee’s observations on 
various matters, was read, and, on motion of Mr. Walker, the Report was approved 


by the Board. 


Yours truly, 


J, E. BERKELEY SMITH, 


Bursar. 


14 


ANNUAL REPORT) 


OF THE 


oe EN: Or DOR Bota 


FOR THE 


PeReO mole Ne Grins Ochoa OoNy Ti AGh te ©) 


1896. 


PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. 


TORONTO: 
WARWICK BROS. & RUTTER, PRINTERS, Erc., 68 anv 70 FRONT ST. WEST. 
1806, 


CONTENTS, 


PAGE, 
Letter OBPLRANSMITTA Licey eam es Ce oe i ey ed oases ser bb bbe eeeoers. ee eosesenen 8-4 
INTRODUCTION ASG 6\(0),9).8)\ @). 9-601, 0118 (a Op 6 OLS Scare elie ace etiee: o oecee0000 Oeeeereeecs OOM COC Keene cceneda doeoeresseseens 5-6 
THE FORESTRY PROBLEM IN THE CROWN FORESIS.........00.006c0cccecececececece., ee rr ae 7-39 


Public opinion on the subject, 7 ; Forests as Capital, 9; The Aims of Forestry, 10; Forests and 
Agriculture, 10-14; Forests and Rainfall, 14-15 ; Rainfall Observations in Germany, 16; 
Forest Restrictions in Prussia and France, 17 ; Effect of Deforestation in Russia, 18 20 ; 
Forestry in United States, 21; The Present Condition in Ontario, 22 ; Profits of German 
Forestry and Probable Results of the System Applied in Ontario, 23-24 ; Suggestions as to 
the Future, 25-28 ; Natural Reforestation in Ontario, 29-33 ; Rotation of Crops Theory, 33 ; 
Annual Growth of Timber as applied to Ontario Crown Lands, 34; Fire Protection in Crown 
Forests, 36-37, 


FORESTRY PROBLEM IN OLDER ONTARIO .......0..000..ccceeececececcccc cece, custhieje' se Ao eats aes 40-53 
What has been done, 40; Operation of Tree Planting Act and recommendation for its amend- 
ment, 41-45 ; Suggestions as to Encouragement of Planting, 45-46; The Amended Tree 
Planting Act, 47; Tree Planting Independent of the Act, 49; Arbor Day Planting, 50-52 ; 
Decrease in Water Supply, 52-53. 


PORMSES I ON THROM ARM Gn ust Recah. Rane Mouton ok VP Yatitya) ver HEL pave eee omen .... 54-59 
RHESUS SAN ABE SIS MA NSP ROSY ca ae ec eA SA CN eR NES TS 60-61 
MeOcuBINe ‘Tumist WOR SMaLl PLANTATIONS... .2.08 00250... ct... oo Nae hea ee ee 62-63 
OEE Obst RRODUCTS A eve. eit Sin eax nih ce) Gea. ee 63-65 
Bi ooneING, ONG VOR EADRY, URINGIPEEN |3 Fc, ure 2) een ties, G2 tare nee Se tt ee eee 66-70 
THE PLANTING AND MANAGEMENT OF Woops..... Ne gies agi quite ter aais k Fate hs vate eye ae eRe ta 71-92 


PBHES Se INDUNPRIAT: RUSOUROKS 00 eres). ce sce dc absehictees eye ae nn 93-108 
Basswood, 93-97 ; Hickory, 97-100 ; Willows and Osiers, 100-108. 


SURMISE UANTUNG MMU ren tcc t a ae AA aes tee eta Pe, Tie ee Sete Sh ara Take tig oa Ree 109-113 
Gat Insrcrs Inymstina CANADIAN OAKS.......... .......... ES Papi sails ¢ raeatws stale ga eo sae 114-118 


prL CO Na NEN ATION ALS TARE 1.627004 tt mot ee cea ys ret, ty ha SeueN lp qu pa POS pean 119-132 


PARLIAMENT Buripinas, May Isr, 1896. 


The Honorable A. S. Harpy, M.P.P., 
Comnussioner of Crown Lands. . 


SIR, 


I have the honor to transmit herewith my report on Forestry in 
Ontario for the year 1896, being the first since my appointment to the vacancy 
occasioned by the decease of the Hon. C. F. Fraser. As a considerable interval 
elapsed between the death of the previous incumbent, Mr. R, W. Phipps, and the 
appointment of Mr. Fraser, who held the office for a very brief term, the report 
now presented is the first that has been issued since that of 1891. It comprises 
the following features : 


A general review of the progress and present position of the science of 
Forestry ; 


An account of the more important developments in connection with ee 
tical Forestry in the United States; 


The Forestry problem in Ontario in its broader aspects as concerning the 
Crown domain and the policy of establishing forest reserves ; 


¢ 


A reference to Algonquin Park and re-forestation experiments therein ; 


An inquiry into the working of the Ontario Tree Planting Act of 1883 and 
subsequent legislation based thereon ; 


The result of investigations as to the observance of Arbor Day in the schools 
of Ontario ; 


An inquiry into the effect of clearing the forests in Southern Ontario upon 
the water supply in that part of the Province ; 


A paper upon Forestry for farmers, pointing out how they can best preserve 
and use their wood lot and utilise to advantage such areas as are least adapted 
for general agriculture by planting forest trees ; 


A report of a visit to the various industries of the Rathbun Company at. 
Deseronto in which timber of various sorts is largely consumed ; 


Some statistics connected with our great lumbering industries and figures 
relating to the growing consumption of timber in the manufacture of paper pulp; 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A 1896 


Special articles on the manufacture of charcoal and on the cultivation and 
economic value of some of our native forest trees, kindly contributed by Mr. A. 
Kirkwood of the Department of Crown Lands, together with several other papers 


treating various aspects of Forestry or Sylviculture. 


So far as the resources at my disposal would admit, I have endeavored to 
present, in a clear and succinct form, the most important results of modern 
scientific research and experiment bearing upon the question of forest preserva- 
tion and reproduction, with a view to their practical application in perpetuating 
and increasing the great timber resources of Ontario, as well as restoring the 
due proportion of wooded to cleared land that has ceased to exist In some por- 


tions of the Province. 


I have the honor to be, Sir, 
Your obedient servant, 


THOMAS SOUTHWORTH, 
Clerk of Forestry. 


INTRODUCTION. 


With the appointment of the present incumbent to the position of Clerk of 
Forestry, the office, formerly under the Department of Agriculture, was attached 
to the Department of Crown Lands, and brought under closer supervision of 
the Government than was previously the case. This change indicates an altera- 
tion in the policy of the Government in recognition of the growing importance 
of the question of forestry. The position, the duties of which in its earlier stages 
had been altogether educational, is now entrusted, to some extent, with the wider 
and more important functions of forestry proper in relation to the Crown domain. 
In place of an official dealing almost entirely with such minor phases of the pro- 
blem as can be reached by individual or local action for the promotion of tree- 
planting, the change contemplates the establishment of a bureau under the direct 
control of the Department, with a well-defined sphere in the work of adminis- 
tration. 

Though the policy of the Government in this regard has not been fully 
developed, the character of the work accomplished during the last few months 
will indicate in a measure the enlarged scope of the operations of the Bureau of 
Forestry. With the continued development of the country, the rapid extension 
of settlement, the increased demand for forest products—the augmentation in 
short, of all those factors and considerations which have forced the question of 
forest preservation upon public attention, the time for mere argument and exhor- 
tation has passed, and ‘public opinion is fully prepared to support systematic 
government action. The expansion of the policy inaugurated by the setting 
apart of Algonquin Park, having for its object the preservation of large areas of 
land permanently in timber, and treating the forest as a continuously productive 
source of wealth will place the Province in line with other progressive communi- 
ties which pursue the same course. The investigations necessary as @ pre- 
liminary to the application of forestry conditions toa widening area of the Crown 
domain, with a due regard for the extensive industrial interests involved, is natur- 
ally the most important task before the Bureau. But while the larger aspects of 
forestry have been steadily kept in view, it is also the intention to make the 
Bureau of Forestry a centre of information in regard to all subjects bearing upon. 
the planting and care of orest trees, and the extent, utility and location of our 
forest resources. During the past few months there has been an increasing volume 
of correspondence with those desiring information on such matters. This feature 
of the work is likely to have important practical results in promoting those 
industries dependent upon forest products. One case in particular may be men- 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40 }. A 1896 


tioned in which enquiries were made of the Bureau as to the process of manu- 
facturing birch oil, which can be profitably extracted from the waste usually left 
by the lumbermen in taking out birch timber. As the result of an article 
furnished the Canadian Manufacturer and copied into other journals, the inquiries 
concerning the process have been numerous, and although the price of the article 
has fallen, owing to the manufacture of an artificial product from acid and wood 
alcohol, several plants are likely to be established. 

A correspondence with Mr. Harrison Watson, the Canadian Curator of the 
Imperial Institute, leads to the belief that our exports of manufactures of wood 
to Great Britain may be materially increased. | 

It is hoped that when the Bureau is more thoroughly equipped than at pre- 
sent with facilities for furnishing full and accurate information respecting the 
distribution and economic value of our woodland resources, it may be the means — 
of stimulating other enterprises for turning to account much of our forest 
wealth that is now considered waste material. 


s v5 " 


THE FORESTRY PROBLEM IN THE CROWN FORESTS. 


There is probably no science which has made more rapid advances within 
a few years than that of forestry. Hardly more than a decade since, all 
knowledge of or interest in the subject on this continent, was confined to a very 
few scientific experts and enthusiasts, whose views were regarded as of doubtful 
value or practicability. The literature of the subject was scanty and inaccess- 
ible, such works as were procurable having principally reference to Huropean 
conditions, and consequently being but slightly applicable to the problem as 
presented on this side of the Atlantic. The great mass of the people, including 
the educated classes, the legislators and moulders of public opinion, though 
they might have heard vaguely of forestry, and become aware that a theory 
existed to the effect that unfavorable climatic changes were the result of over- 
clearance, never considered it as a question requiring urgent attention or likely 
to come within the scope of legislation. While admitting, perhaps, the evils of 


indiscriminate deforestation, the ready and obvious answer to all suggestions 


looking to a reversal or limitation of the process, that the forest must be 
cleared before crops could be grown, was deemed conclusive, if not altogether 
satisfactory. 

To-day there is a marked change in public opinion. Forestry is no longer 
@ mere empirical study, but has taken its place among the recognized sciences. 
Hundreds, probably thousands, possess a knowledge, in outline, of its leading 
priociples to one who was thus far familiar with its teachings in the early 
eighties. Its qualified exponents are actively spreading their views through 
the press, in official documents, and by means of lectures and addresses. In 
the United States it has won recognition at the hands of the Federal Govern- 
ment as well as the governments of many States, and, in addition to the 
valuable educational work performed, measures have been passed for the setting 
apart of large areas of the national domain in appropriate localities as parks 
and reserves, and for the encouragement of tree planting. Forestry associa- 
tions have been organized on an extensive scale, which have contributed much 
to the dissemination of a general knowledge of the principles of forestry and 
sylviculture, and to the formation of an enlightened public sentiment on the 
subject. It has an extensive and increasing literature dealing with its varied 
aspects from the point of view of local surroundings, requirements and possi- 
bilities, and, in addition to scientific and practical works of a permanent 
character, the magazine and newspaper press publish frequent articles on 
forestry topics, and chronicle every important new development of the question. 
The observance of Arbor Day in the schools in many portions of Canada and 
the United States, perfunctory though it may be in too many cases, is never- 


§9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


theless calculated to foster in the coming generation an. appreciation of the 
value of trees and the importance of their preservation, to which their elders 
were strangers. In short, forestry, in place of an abstract and debatable theory, 
has become a vital and urgent economic problem, continually engrossing a 
larger share of the attention of the most intelligent and public-spirited members 
of the community. 

'The reason for this change is not far to seek. The question of the preser- 
vation of the forests has simply been forced upon public attention by the sheer 
necessities of the case. With the steady expansion of the settled and cultivated 
area and the growth of population, the evils resulting from <eforestation have | 
become greatly intensified. The climatic changes foreshadowed by the earlier 
students of the subject as the inevitable result of the reckless destruction of 
the woods, have been developed in large measure, and the lessons of practical 
experience have brought conviction to those who would have been impervious 
to the universal teachings of history. Almost every spring now brings calami- 
tous floods and freshets down the water-courses, along which the streams, fed 
by the melting snows and the spring rains, formerly flowed gradually away. — 
Periods of protracted drought during mid-summer, are much more severe in 
their effects. The sweep of the winter winds over large cleared areas of 
country, in many localities, renders difficult and precarious the growth of some 
crops once profitably cultivated. The largely increased demand for timber for 
macufacturing purposes is met by a rapidly diminishing supply. The prospect 
of the further deterioration of the soil and climate, and the exhaustion of the 
once vast and supposedly illimitable timber resources of the continent, has 
naturally induced a close study of the causes of conditions so unfavorable to 
future prosperity and industrial development, The result, as pointed out, has 
been the widespread recognition of the long-ignored trut2, that only by the 
preservation of a due proportion of the land in forest for all time, is it possible 
to secure either agricultural fertility or a lasting supply of timber. 

The object of forestry is two-fold. Hitherto, so far as this continent, at 
least, is concerned, it has usually been considered merely as a means of ensuring 
favorable agricultural conditions and preventing the deterioration of soil and 
climate. We have been so habituated to regard the forest wealth of America 
as practically inexhaustible, that while the disastrous effects of forest destruc- 
tion upon agriculture forced themselves upon the attention of the public, and 
procured a receptive hearing for forestry proposals as a remedy for these very 
obvious evils, the other, and more important aspect of the subject, has hardly 
been accorded its due weight. Apart altogether from the influence of the forests 
in distributing moisture, regulating temperature, and in other ways maintaining 
favorable conditions for cultivation, the industrial interests of the country 
imperatively require their preservation as a perpetual source of timber supply. 

98 } 


69 Victoria. _ Sessional Papers (No. 40. A. 1896 


The forests of America, as a matter of fact, are very far from being inex- 
haustible, so far, at least, as the finest and most useful kinds of timber are 
concerned. 

With the deveiopment of the country, moreover, the home demand for 
timber and wood products of all kinds is proportionately increasing, and as our 
United States neighbors are using up their forest supplies much more rapidly than 
ourselves, increased requirements for shipments across the line will soon enhance 
the value of our timber products. How extensive that demand is likely to be in 
the near future, and what inroads it will make upon our supplies, may be in a 
measure estimated from the report of Prof. B. E. Fernow, Chief of Forestry Divi- 
sion at Washington for 1893, in which he states that the consumption of wood in 
the United States is more than fifty per cent. over what their forest area could 
produce as an annual yield, and that the demand for wood material increases 
at the rate of over twenty-five per cent. every ten years. It requires, therefore» 
no great foresight to understand that ia the course of the next generation the 
price of wood, especially of the more valuable kinds, is certain to rise enormously: 
As our staple manufacturing and mechanical industries are largely dependent 
upon an adequate and cheap timber supply, the preservation of this prominent 
factor in our national wealth is an equally important aim of forestry with the 
coincident benefit to agriculture. | 


FORESTS AS CAPITAL. 


Owing to the lavishness of nature beyond all immediate requirements, and 
the early necessity of rapid clearance of the woods to provide for cultivation 
Canadians have become habituated to wasteful methods of lumbering. Under 
the influence of old associations and conditions we are accustomed to regard the 
axe as the precursor of the plough and to look upon forest utilization as synony- 
mous with forest destruction. Current discussion respecting the timber policy 
of the Dominion and Provincial Governments illustrates this habit of thought, 
The timber resources belonging to the public are correctly enough spoken of 
as “capital,” but when it is sought to turn these resources to practical account 
it is often charged that in so doing the Government are “drawing upon their 
capital.” There is no reason why this form of capital, like others, should not 
perpetually reproduce itself and yield ample interest from year to year without 
diminishing or impairing the original endowment. Judicious forest management 
involves no waste of capital. To preserve the forests, in the sense of leaving 
them untouched, is a waste from year to year of their natural increase, as the 
trees pass through the stage of maturity to decay and death. Without the 
interference of man there is a constant consumption of forest products by the 
decomposition of the trees which have reached their term of existence, the only 
difference being, that under a regime of practical forestry, such trees, when they 

9 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


had reached their prime, would be selected for removal while under natural con- 
ditions their decadence is gradual. To allow the forest trees to mature and 
decay under the erroneous idea that thereby timber resources were being hus- 
banded for the future would be a waste. 


THe FORESTER’S AIM. 


The object of the forester is the economical harvesting of a wood crop in 
such a way that it will be succeeded by another similar crop in the shortest 
possible time, having also in view the incidental effect on climate and water 
supply. How best to accomplish these ends depends on the location of the lot, 
the kinds of trees composing the crop and other circumstances. To pursue a 
little further the frequently employed simile before referred to, a forest left 
entirely to Nature may be compared to uninvested, locked-up capital, yielding 
no return to the owner; a forest recklessly exploited, growing upon land 
unsuited for cultivation, to squandered capital; and a forest judiciously operated 
by modern forestry methods, crop succeeding crop, to capital wisely invested 
and producing an annual revenue without impairment of the original sum. 
The experience of every European country, where the value of timber and the 
comparatively small extent of forest land in proportion to population, render 
economical management of the forests imperative, has abundantly proved, that 
the conservation of the woodland can be made financially profitable notwith- 
standing the difference in conditions often cited as a reason why the forestry 
methods of Germany, France and Austria are at present inapplicable to America. 
There are not wanting experiments under private direction to show that similar 
results are attainable on thiscontinent. Mr. George W. Vanderbilt’s large estate 
at Asheville, North Carolina, comprising a forest area from which the valuable 
timber had been cut in the usual fashion and its place partly taken by second 
growth, was some years ago put under strict forestry management under the 
direction of Mr. Gifford Pinchot, a professional forester of New York city, and 
according to the latest returns, has already begun to show a favorable balance on 


the yearly operations. 
FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURE. 


Scientific opinion, as has been intimated, is practically unanimous as to the 
great value of forests in preserving climatic conditions suitable for agriculture, 
and the dangers attendant upon over-clearance. The frequently-quoted utter- 
ances of Marsh, Reclus and others which have become embodied in the literature 
of forestry have been re-enforced by a large number of later writers of 
acknowledged scientific standing, who have furnished from the results of later 
observation and experiment, additional data to fortify their conclusions. Prot: 
T. G. Bonney, of University College, London, in his work, “ The Story of Our 

10 


aie 


29 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). fa E1896 
eR ee Se, 


Planet,” published in 1893, says (page 574), “The necessity of clearing the land 
for cultivation, or the greed of~gold causes the wholesale destruction of forests. 
By this not only is the rainfall affected, but also when the shower falls, the 
water, instead of sinking quietly into the ground, collects into rivulets and 
quickly tears away the soil now unprotected by the leaves and no longer bound 
together by the roots of trees. Torrents of mud and gravel go raging down the 
ravines, chocking the channels of the lowland rivers and flooding the plains with 
the debris of the mountains. * * In parts of Kurope and Asia the mischief 
which has been wrought by the reckless destruction of the forests, especially in 
the mountain regions, is almost beyond calculation ; parts also there are of North 
America which will have to pay the penalty for a like ill-doing.” 

A very full and clear presentation of the subject is comprised ina volume 
entitled “ Aspects of the Earth,” issued in 1890 by Prof. N. S. Shaler, one of the 
most eminent and scholarly living authorities, who occupies the chair of geology - 
in Harvard University. His. treatment of the general question is so forcible 
and luminous, and his statement of. the specific modern instances in which 
deforestation has been followed by the most disastrous consequences, so applicable 
to Canadian conditions, that extensive citations from his pages are well worthy 
of reproduction here. The learned professor’s description of the manner in 
which the denudation of their borders has affected the Ohio and Mississippi 
Rivers is specially instructive as presenting in a considerably intensified form the 
same features which have been long noticeable in connection with our Canadian 
water-ways, to the injury of navigation and, in larger measure, the detriment of 
agricultural and industrial interests. Speaking (page 185) of the influence of 
human action in modifying physical conditions, he says: 

Nowhere else in the physical machinery of our earth is the-influence of the 
hand of man so well shown as in the condition of rivers. Nowhere else is his 
destructive or conservative powersso important. The effect of man’s action upon 
rivers is in the main due to the fact that his occupancy of the earth leads to the 
removal of its forest covering. We have already incidentally noted the relation of 
‘trees to the immediate bounds of astream. We have seen that the woods are 
continually pressing upon the margins of a river, causing it to sway to and fro, 
and tending always to narrow its channel. This is only one, and perhaps the 
least important, of the effects exercised by forests on the regimen of the greater 
streams. Itis necessary to consider the action of forests over the whole basin of 
a river in order to see the magnitude of their influence on the action of these 
‘waters. 

The valleys of most rivers are forest-clad. Whether these forests have the 
gigantic growth characteristic of fertile districts in the tropics and the temperate 
zones, or take the shape of stunted woods such as extend far toward the poles, 
they in all cases form beneath their branches and above the soil, a thick spongy 
coating, which affords a natural reservoir for the rain waters. In most regions 
this forest sponge has a depth of more than a foot, it not infrequently attains a 
thickness of two feet or more. It can commonly take into its interstices a rainfall 
of three or four inches in depth, or from one-sixth to one-tenth the ordinary 
annual supply. This water is slowly yielded to the brooks, it often requires 

1 


59 Victoria. ‘Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


cee a eT ann) 


weeks for a single torrential rain entirely to escape into the open channels whicl» 
bear it to the sea. Moreover, the fallen trunks and branches of the trees clog the 
forest-shaded rivulets, making little pools which serve still further to restrain. 
the outgoing of the waters. Our beavers, at one time the most widely distributed 
of our larger animals, at first making avail of these natural ponds formed by 
fallen timber, learned in time to construct more artful dams, so as to retain. 
_ extensive basins of water. Thus in the natural condition of the North Americam 
rivers, aS well as those of most other countries, before man began to clear away 
the forests, the woods constituted a great system of reservoirs, in which the rains- 
were retained into the period of intervening droughts. In this state of the sur- 
face the main channels of a river system were continually the seat of streams of 
moderate flow. These channels were no wider than was required by the rate at- 
which these forest-impounded waters escaped. 

When man resorted to the soil as the source of his food he began to clear 
away the forests, and by tillage, to destroy the spongy Covering of the earth 
which they created. With the advance of civilization all the great valleys of the 
northern temperate zone have been to a considerable extent deprived of their 
forest covering. In this new state of the surface the rain-water is no longer helt 
back as it was of old, but flews quickly over the surface of the soil and enters 
the waterways. The result is that all the old channels bear in times of flood a. 
body of water far greater than that which was put into them before the forests. 
were clearedaway. They have been compelled to widen their channels by cutting 
away a strip of the alluvial land on either side. Thus, in the case of the Ohio: 
river the bed occupied by the flood waters, has, since the beginning of the present 
century, been widened to about one-fifth of its total diameter. Despite this 
widening it is now unable to bear away the flood waters yielded to it by the 
extensive tilled surfaces of its basin. In times of flood it rises higher than of o:d 
and spreads devastation over a wider area of the alluvial plains. In times of 
drought the stream shrinks within its waste of encumbering sands and becomes. 
unnavigable. 

In the present condition of the Mississippi Valley, these floods and droughts: | 
seriously aftect the condition of man. There, as in all other civilized countries,. 
the great seats of population tend to gather on the river banks. The alluvial 
lands are in all cases singularly fertile, and the streams themselves afford natural 
ways of transportation, the value of which does not seem to become lessened by 
the great extension of railway systems. In the present condition of these valleys: 
the fitness of these streams for navigation is progressively diminishing, for both 
in times of flood and in periods of drought they are unsuited to the uses of 
commerce. Moreover, in the flood periods, the streams are a very serious menace 
to all the towns which are gathered along the river banks. As yet we have only 
seen the beginning of these evils, for notwithstanding the extensive settlements: 
in the Mississippi Valley, more than half their original forest covering remains. 
When, with the rapid increase of population, these river basins become as 
thoroughly subjected to the uses of man as those of Europe we have yet greater 
ills to apprehend Z 4 * | | 

In endeavoring to meet the evils which arise from the removal of forest- 
covering from the surface of a country, we find that the difficulties to be con— 
sidered are as follows:—First, those which arise from the diminished restraint. 
put upon the movements of the water which comes to the earth’s surface in times. 
of heavy rain or of melting snow. Next, the evils due to the rapid wasting of 
the soil, which, in its unprotected condition, 1s readily washed into the stream 
beds, The first of these evils gives rise to serious destruction of wealth, 
and to the interruption of industries. The second threatens the loss of that 


12 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


precious soil covering on which depends the relation of all land life, that of plants 
and man and beast, to the surface of the earth. It is clearly evident that we can- 
not hope to preserve any considerable portion of our forest lands from destruc- 
tion. The need of subsistence such as is drawn from the soil is immediate and 
overwhelming. During the last century Europe has been able to preserve a 
portion of its forests, and indeed to win extensive areas back to the condition of 
woods, for the reason that it could draw supplies of food from this country, but 
when our American soils are occupied it does not seem likely that other parts of 
the world will afford any such opportunity for obtaining foreign grain. At most 
we may expect that a small area, perhaps not exceediug one-tenth of our orginal 
forests, may be retained in their present shape in order to afford supplies of 
timber. It is therefore necessary if we have to control these flood waters at all, 
to devise some means by which we may imitate the old natural system of water 
storage which the primeval woods afforded. There is but one method by which 
this end may be accomplished, viz.: by creating artificial reservoirs in which the 
waters may be for a time retained during the period of floods. , 


The opinion of Prof. Shaler that the retention of any considerable portion of 
the area of the United States in forest is impossible, may or may not be justified. 
It is, at any rate, open to question. It is doubtful whether, assuming all the 
land in the humid or sub-humid regions of the United States to be arable, more 
wheat could not be raised, on say three-quarters of the land, with the remainder 
in forest, than could be produced over the total area with forests absent or nearly 
so. Prof. Shaler, however, proceeds on the assumption that re-forestation in the 
United States is not likely to be accomplished to any extent, and hence, as a 
means of arresting the loss of the Mississippi Valley, the soil of which is being 
rapidly washed into the Gulf of Mexico, he proposes as a substitute for nature’s 
plan of holding back the moisture, a series of reservoirs to catch the water in 
time of flood, and let it gradually run off. This plan, while admittedly not so 
effective as a good system of forest reservoirs, would be very expensive. Prof. 
Shaler estimates that for an efficient system of reservoirs for the Mississippi 
Valley, and the valleys of the other large tributaries of this river,a capital expen- 
diture of at least one hundred million dollars would be required, and the tidy 
sum of ten millions a year would be needed for operating expenses. While 
admitting the enormous cost, which he thinks justifiable from the benefits to be 
obtained by this plan, Prof Shaler goes on to say: 


It seems, however, possible that for this cost we might obtain a substantial 
immunity from the worst destruction accomplished by our floods. Even if this 
system should be adopted, it would be necessary, decade by decade, as the process 
of forest removal advanced, to extend still further the area of the storage reser- 
voirs. While the proper control of the Mississippi drainage system is of great 
importance to the nation at large, to the States which border upon its waters it 
is a matter of vital necessity. Whether this great task is to be andertaken by 
the Federal-government or by associated commonwealths, there can be no ques- 
tion that it should be at once entered upon. Every year increases the magnitude 
of the necessities and the difficulty of devising means to meet them. 


13 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). eo AST896 


The significant feature of all this, in its bearing upon the problem in Canada,. 
is its estimate of the enormous expenditure entailed by the system necessary to 
partially overcome the worst effects of forest destruction. 


The outlay at first hand of one hundred million dollars, to be followed up by a 
continuous yearly expenditure of ten millions required to keep in bounds the 
floods which devastate the Mississippi, will only check future ravages. It will 
not restore to the alluvial plains the lost fertility of the soil, or replace the rich 
covering of vegetable mold, the product of the growth and decay of centuries of 
forest crops, which has been washed by millions of tons into the Gulf of Mexico. 


The object lesson taught by the French Alps and other mountainous regions: 
in Europe is an old and oft-repeated one. “It is perhaps hardly surprising 1, 
owing to the distance end dissimilarity of conditions, it has not been effective in 
inspiring on this side of the Atlantic a realizing sense of the need of forest- 
preservation. I1t ought surely to be otherwise when we have the warning before 
us, conveyed by the experience of our neighbors under circumstances much the — 
same as those prevailing in the Dominion. If we would not pay the penalties. 
which they have incurred by their violation of natural economic laws, we must, 
while there is yet time to avert the graver damages which threaten, abate a 
process of destruction which, fortunately for us, has so far been less thorough 
and widespread than that incited by the greater population and intense competi- 
tion of the United States. 

Prof. Shaler emphasizes one feature upon which sufficient stress has hardly 
been laid in treating of the evil effects of forest destruction in America, namely, 
the absolute loss of the surface soil from washing away by floods. Those unac- 
quainted with the facts may not unnaturally suppose this result to be confined 
to mountainous or broken regions of country, where the floods take the form of 
torrents pouring down steep hill sides or ravines, and sweeping rocks and debris: 
before them. As the author’s elaborate survey of the whole process of the 
formation of the covering of vegetable mould and the effect upon it of the rain- 
fall clearly shows, the erosion consequent upon clearing assumes destructive 
proportions even in a comparatively level country. | 


FORESTS AND RAINFALL. 


It may here be remarked in passing,that though this author takes very decided 
ground as to the effect of the forest in increasing the actual volume of the rain- 
fall, the question is one upon which some difference of opinion still exists among 
meteorologists. As all rainfall is dependent upon evaporation, and no drop of 
water can possibly fall anywhere upon the earth’s surface that has not first been 
drawn from it, it is urged that the aggregate evaporation, which is mainly from 
the ocean, the great lakes and other bodies of water, cannot possibly be affected by 

14 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 
SSS aaa 


the transpiration through the leaves of trees to such an extent as to appreciably 
increase the rainfall. On the other hand, the evaporation of moisture due to the 


presence of forests is very great. Aside from the longer retention of the water 
in a forest floor, allowing it to evaporate gradually, instead of running at once to 
the streams and the sea, the amount of moisture transpired through the leaves of a 
large and healthy tree is much larger than is generally supposed. 

Some idea of the surprising quantity of the moisture given out to the atmos- 
phere by wooded tracts may be obtained from a statement by the late Prot. Asa 
Gray, to the effect that a single tree, “ the famous Washington elm at Cambridge, 
Mass., had been estimated to produce 7,000,000 leaves, which would contain a 
surface radiation of about tive acres in extent, and give out every fair day in the 
growing season seven. and three-fourths tons of moisture.” Elaborate investiga- 
tions of the subject were made by the Austrian forest experiment stations in 
1878, which present some surprising results. A beech tree from fifty to, sixty 
years old was found to have 35,000 leaves, with a dry weight of 9.86 pounds; a 
transpiration at the rate of 400 pounds of water per dry leaf pound during the 
period of vegetation would make the total transpiration 3,944 pounds per tree, 
or about 22 pounds daily. Allowing 500 such trees to the acre, the transpiration 
per acre would amount to 1,972,000 pounds, while the rain precipitation during 
the same period would be 2,700,000 pounds. According to a series of observa- 
tions made by Dr. Evermayer for the Bavarian government, the total volume of 
evaporation from a forest area, including transpiration, exceeds by 51 per cent. 
the evaporation from a water surface in the open. 

Other observers have come to the conclusion that, at certain times, the 
evaporation from trees is far greater than that from an equal area of open water 
while at other times it is less. The amount of moisture drawn into the atmos- 
phere from a given body of open water, depends, not on the bulk of the water, 
but on the extent of the surface area. Thus, a rise in the level of Lake Ontario 
will not increase the volume of vapor arising from it. The evaporation from an 
open country immediately after a heavy rain will be very great, but diminishes 
to a large extent with the drying of the surface, which soon takes place provided 
it is exposed to the action of the wind and the sun. On the other hand, in 
addition to keeping the rain and the melted snow from pouring at once into the 
streams, and thus lengthening the period of evaporation, trees send their roots 
deep down into the moist earth, and draw up enormous quantities of water, most 
of which is transpired through their leaves, and must add very materially to the 
total amount of moisture in the air. 

Leaving future scientific observations to settle the question of the exact 
effect of forests on the total of the world’s rainfall, the writer is firmly of the 
opinion that the presence of trees in large masses has a great deal of influence on 
its distribution. Areas entirely destitute of trees are more subject to drought 

15 , 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


eae ee a 
than districts in which there is a proper proportion of wooded land. The summer 
of 1895 was an exceptionally dry one in many parts of Ontario, and it is worthy 
of note that the section of the Province which suffered most severely from the 
want of rain, was the region that, according to the assessment returns of the 
Ontario Bureau of Industries, has been the most completely denuded of its timber. 

In a bulletin issued by the United States Division of Forestry in 1898, there 
is an account of meteorological observations at Lintzel in Germany, the result of 
which points to the conclusion that the covering of a prairie or teeless country 
with forests, increases the rainfall over that area. 

The observatory station of Lintzel is situated in the Luneburg heath which 
was planted to forest, commencing in 1877, at the rate at first of 1000 to 1500 
acres per year, afterwards more slowly. In the course of nine years there were 
over 8000 acres planted to forest. The meteorological station is placed in an 
open field of about seventy-five acres surrounded by the new forest. Before re-for- 
estation the area was made up as follows: twelve per cent. field, meadow, etc ; 
eighty-five per cent. heath; three per cent. old forest. These proportions have 
been changed by re-forestation to ten per cent. field, meadow and water; ten per 
cent. heath, roads and openings; eighty per cent. forest. The rainfall observations 
are compared with those at stations outside of forest conditions but near enough 
to Lintzel to be available for comparison. The rainfall at Lintzel as compared 
with the precipitation at other stations for the nine years is as follows : 

*Rainfall at Lintzel calculated as percentage. of rainfall at certain places. 


- 


Year. | Bremen. Hamburg. |Oslebs-hausen.}| Luneburg. Gardelegen. 
per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. 

ASO Dips eh er, Gohtte:ocnaecegesamanrhe 64.5 80.0 76.4 91.7 96.3 
TARO cota tr eae ee ese eae 68.7 84.6 81.5 95.7 101.0 
TGSAG Reese Gals shale ew ate ntraee «ag Tie 93.8 94.5 103.3 106.7 
g SSL 0 oe pape ec Giga 82.0 95.4 107.1 | 103.4 oS 10952 
OE ee i itso nletge cranes - 512 83.9 93.4 107.5 104.1 114.2 
Tees kta t v a oleae 96.2 94.2 | 104.8 103.0 120.2 
TSOOU eet ate nd 106.8 92.1 104.9 93.8 120.1 
MRED CE Wor ee he cilee Baie 8s | 105.9 G40) S Sew oe soca PARE See S BMRA Bec 04. 
ARG ak eke ieee ed Sees eae | LOL. Gas beck lee koh pee el oes eles seule) eee memrtette es shia: <at> Talc 


From this it appears that the percentage of rainfall at Lintzel as compared 
with the other places showed a steady increase in a direct ratio to the increase in 
the proportion of wooded land. Whatever may be the conclusion finally reached 
by scientists in this matter, it is of less/importance to this Province, than the 


° * We are indebted to U. S. bulletin on Forest Influences for these particulars. 


J 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}. A, 1898 


influence of our forests in controlling and storing up the rain after it has fallen, 
A labored argument to show that this is a matter of such great and general public 
concern that every progressive government should recognize forest preservation 
as one of their duties to the country would be superfluous. 

In every civilized community the maxim that “a man may do as he will with 
his own” is qualified by the limitation that in the exercise of the right of proprie= | 
torship he must not injure his neighbor. The case of the California law forbidding 
the pouring of hydraulic washings into streams to the detriment of the property 
owners below, is paralleled by our own laws, regulating reparian rights and pre- 
venting owners of land, through which a water-course passes, doing anything to 
impair or deflect the flow in a manner injurious to others. There is no doubt 
that had the effect of clearing the forests upon streams been understood in the 
early days of jurisprudence, the powers of the individual owner would have been 
restricted equally in this respect as in other actions which infringe upon his 
neighbors’ interests. 

A paper by Mr. Gifford Pinchot, one of the soundest and most practical of 
the American writers on forestry, published by the American Economic Associ- 
ations in 1891, on “Government Forestry Abroad” conveys much pertinent 
information as to the dealings with private forest owners of the leading Kuro- 
pean Governments. In treating of Germany he quotes from Donner, the official 
head of the Prussian Forestry department as follows: “The duty of the State to 
sustain and further the well-being of its citizens regarded as an imperishable 
whole, implies for the Government the right and the duty to subject the manaye- 
ment of all forests to its inspection and control.” This intervention is to be 
carried, however, “ only so far as may be necessary to obviate the dangers which 
an unrestrained utilization of the forest by its owners threatens to excite, and 
the rights of property are to be respected to the utmost, consistently with such a 
result.” In practice the restraining influence of the Government is only exerted 
where the evident results of deforestation would be seriously dangerous. In such 
cases the woodlands are considered “ protection forests” and carefully preserved. 
As a concession to private rights, however, the State is willing, should the pro- 
prietor desire to sell, to buy up areas, not only of protection forest but also of less 
vitally important woodlands and on the other hand to give up to private owner- 
ship lands, which by reason of their soil and situation, will contribute better to 
the commonwealth under cultivation than asa forest. In this way the forests, 
the preservation of which is most important, are gradually passing into the hands 
of the State ; yet the total area of its woodlands is increasing but slowly. 

In France the provisions of the code concerning private woodlands are sub- 
stantially as follows : 

No private owner may root up or clear his woodlands without having made 
a declaration of his intention, at least four months in advance. The forest service 

2 F.R. 17 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 
SSS eee 


may forbid this clearing in case the maintenance of the forest is deemed necessary 
upon any of the following grounds: 

1. To maintain the soil upon mountains or slopes. 

2. To defend the soil against erosion and flooding by rivers, streams or 


torrents. 

3. To insure the existence of springs and watercourses, 

4. To protect the dunes and seashore against the erosion of the sea and the 
encroachment of moving sands. 

5. For purposes of military defence. 

6. For the public health. 

A proprietor who has cleared his forest without permission is subject to a 
heavy fine, and may be forced in addition to replant the area which he has 
cleared. 

That similar legislation has not been adopted in Britain, is probably due less 
to the strong traditions of individualism than to social and industrial conditions 
which render it much less imperative than on the continent, In the first place 
there is less danger from deforestation, as the land is mostly in the hands of large 
territorial magnates, who, as a rule, carefully preserve a due proportion of wood- 
land, either for sporting purposes or to maintain the fertility of their agricultural 
lands. The aristocratic principle, whatever its drawbacks and shortcomings, at 
least seems to inculcate in its representatives a regard for the interests of pos- 
terity such as is not conspicuously developed under democratic institutions, and 
the management of English estates with regard to the distant future instead of 
making present profit the main or sole consideration has prevented some of the 
consequences resulting from forest destruction. Moreover the insular position of 
Britain and the humidity of the climate caused by the precipitation of the vapor 
from the Atlantic ocean would in any event prevent those serious results caused 
by the clearing of the woods on extensive inland tracts of land. 

A striking illustration of how destructive to national interests the absence 
of any restriction on the powers of land owners is likely to prove, is found in the 
case of Russia. In that country the natural conditions are in many respects 
similar to those prevailing in America, which it resembles, not only in its vast 
extent and large inland stretches where the modifying influence of the ocean upon 
climate is little felt, but in its sparse population and the prevalence of extremes 
of heat and cold. In 1891 Russia was visited by a severe famine caused by the 
failure of the crops—a calamity specially disastrous in a country in which agri- 
culture is the great staple industry, and the people, dependent upon the home 
supply are liable, in districts remote from railways, to perish before their needs 
are known and assistance reaches them from outside. Large numbers died of 
starvation and diseases induced by lack of adequate nourishment. The Edin- 
burg Review for January, 1893, published an article on “The Penury of Russia,” 

18 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


ee a Oe ie ee ee 


treating of the causes of its impoverishment and distress in which the principal 
reason assigned is the indiscriminate cutting of timber which followed the aboli- 
tion of serfdom. ‘The following are some of the most salient passages of the 
paper : 

Since the emancipation, absenteeism has become general. The annual income 
of the proprietors was diminished but they got from the Government redemption 
bonds, which most of them sold, spending the money in the capitals or travelling 
abroad. When this sum was exhausted they began to cut down their woods. 
Russia had enormous forests, which in the less fertile regions constituted the 
most valuable part of the landed property, though formerly the timber was of 
little avail to the proprietors for want of means of transport. This want is now 
supplied by the railways; so they have sold the woods to speculators who 
exported the timber, and the produce has been spent as if it had been an annual 
rent. There are very few proprietors, who, as is the case in Germany, manage 
their own estates, nor is there a class of intelligent farmers, most of them leave 
the land to the administration of stewards, who try to make the most of it for 


themselves during the period of their contract and are indifferent to improve- 
ments. 6 


There are two other factors which account for the prevailing distress—first 
damages by fire, which according to Mr. Law in 1887 (the latest year for which 
statistics are available) amounted to £6,500,000 sterling, but which of late years 
have increased ; of these losses as much as seventy-eight per cent. falls on the 
rural population. This is accounted for by the dryness of the climate in summer, 
the carelessness of the peasants, and the want of organization for extinguishing 
fires which are simply regarded as a calamity sent by God. But the dryness 
‘tgelf is the result ot the second factor—the ruthless forest destruction which has 
been going on for a long time and has had a serious effect in reducing the aver- 
age rainfall. The belts of wood attracted and held the moisture which was slowly 
distributed for the benefit of agriculture ; now in vast regions, as, for instance on 
the black soil, there is hardly a tree to be seen and the consequence is that the 
underground rivulets which nourished the soil have disappeared. The forests 
also broke the force of the fierce east desert winds. Now these winds, piercingly 
cold in winter and scorchingly hot in summer, burst with full fury on the great 

lains. In summer, their blasts are capable of withering the corn in a few days 
and with them come sand storms, which turn fertile land into permanent deserts. 
The unfortunate experiences of Central Asia, which once was a garden of fertility 
and now is a desert, peopled by nomads only, are repeating themselves. In the 
province of Astrachan an area of 800 square miles is covered by drift sand ; in 
that of Stawropol whole villages have disappeared, and in 1885 soldiers had to be 
summoned to clear the sand from the houses. In the province of Tauris the 
sand now covers 150,000 dess-jaetines* ; the same disastrous effects took 
place in the north, where, after the destruction of the forests in the pro- 
vinces of Samara, Woronesh, and Tchernigow, hundreds of sandhills arose, which 
gradually covered the fertile land. A further consequence is that the rivers 
became shallower. In winter there is nothing to hold the snow, which is blown 
together into large heaps; these with the thaw dissolve into temporary torrents, 
washing away acres of tillage and carrying off all moisture before it has had 
time to soak into the soil. The river beds cannot contain all this water and inun- 
dations occur; but when it has swept down there is no further supply. The 
Woronesh on which Peter the Great built his first ships is now a mere rivulet ; 
7 


* Dess-jatine or dessiatine=2.702 acres. 


19 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


the Worskla, which fifteen years ago was a beautiful river, surrounded by woods 
and pastures has absolutely disappeared ; the Oka has become so shallow that 
barges coming from Nishegorod were stranded upon its sands. At Dorogobush 
the Dnjepr can be crossed by carriages; on the Dnjepr the navigation had to be 
stopped, as its depth was reduced to two to three feet; and even on the Volga 
steam navigation is interrupted in many parts, the river not being able to carry 
away the sandbanks; it is calculated that the volume of its water has decreased 
by 24,000,000 cubic metres. It is evident that even the most costly works for 
opening the channels will be of little avail ; the cause lies in the destruction of 
the forests; the law by which the Government interdicted the ruthless fall of 
timber has come too late, and replanting is slow work, although it is the only 
remedy against the evil. , 


Given these facts, we have certainly not exaggerated in asserting that the 
famine of 1891 was the result of a general impoverishment of agricultural 
Russia which in the main is Russia itself. 


@ 


FORESTRY IN THE UNITED STATES. 


Public opinion in the United States has advanced very rapidly during the 
last few years on the question of forestry. It is veing increasingly felt by all 
thoughtful and public-spirited students of economic questions, that only by some 
general and far-reaching system, based upon an adequate, scientific and practical 
grasp of the whole situation in all its aspects, can the United States avert the 
evils which have overtaken other lands as the result of the disappearance of the 
forests. The Forestry Associations have done a great deal to educate the public 
in the principles of forestry, and the disasters on a large scale resulting from 
deforestation have forced the subject upon the attention of the business community 
and public men. The most important step as yet taken in the direction of a 
definite forestry policy on a national scale was accomplished a few months since. 
The Academy of Sciences of the United States, according to its constitution, may 
be called upon by the Government for opinions upon scientific subjects. In 
accordance with this prerogative, the Secretary of the Interior requested the 
National Academy to furnish an official expression of opinion upon the following 
points : 

1. Is it desirable and practicable to preserve from fire and to maintain per- 


manently as forest lands those portions of the public domain now bearing wood 
growth for the supply of timber ? 


2. How far does the influence of forest upon climate, soil and water condi- 
tions, make desirable a policy of forest conservation in regions where the public 
domain is principally situated ? 

3. What special legislation should be enacted to remedy the evils now 
existing ? 

“My predecessors in office for the last twenty years,” the secretary wrote, 


“have vainly called attention to the inadequacy and confusion of existing laws 
relating to the public timber lands and consequent absence of an intelligent policy 


20 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


ee eee 000 


in their administration resulting in such conditions as may, if not speedily stopped, 
prevent a proper development of a large portion of our country; and because the 
evil grows more and more as the years go by I am impelled to emphasize the 
importance of the question by calling upon you for the opinion and advice of that 


body of scientists which is officially empowered to act in such cases as this.” 


The reply of Prof. Oliver Wolcott Gibbs, President of the Academy, accept- 
ing the commission published a short time since, says that no other economic 
problem confronting the Government of the United States equals in importance 
that offered by the present condition and future fate of the forests of Western 
North America. After giving a summary of facts bearing upon the extent and 
utility of the forests, the reply goes on to point out that if the report is to be of 
value as a basis for future legislation it must consider : 

1. The question of the ultimate ownership of the forest now belonging to the 
Government; that is, what portions of the forest on the public domain shall be 


allowed to pass, either in part or entirely, from Government control into private 
hands. | 


9 How shall the Government forests be administered so that the inhabitants 


of adjacent regions may draw their necessary forest supplies from them without 


affecting their permanency ? 


3. What provision is possible and necessary to secure for the Government a 
continuous, intelligent, and honest management of the forests of the public 
domain, including those in the reservations already made, or which may be made 
in the future. 

An enquiry of such extended scope will of course require both time and a 
considerable outlay. The Commission appointed give their services gratuitously, 
but an appropriation of $25,000 has been asked for to defray the necessary ex- 
penses. The action of the Government in appointing this Commission marks a 
decided advance, and the conclusions of a body of such eminent scientific attain- 
ments may be expected to lead to important practical results. 


In addition to the excellent work being done by the National Division of 
Forestry under the direction of Mr. B. E. Fernow, who has brought to bear the 
thorough scientific and practical training received in Germany upon the American 
forestry problem with the most encouraging results, several individual States 


have taken the matter up as a function of State administration, and have now 


regular Forestry Bureaus. Kansas, Minnesota and some other States have 
Forestry Commissioners as Government officials. The latest to fall into line is 
Pennsylvania, the appointment of Dr. J. T. Rothrock as Commissioner, being a 
fitting recognition of the zealous and persistent labors of that gentleman in the 
cause of forestry in connection with the Pennsylvania Forestry Association. 
This body has for some years done grand educational work, and to its assiduous 
efforts to arouse attention to the importance of the subject is largely due the 
steady growth of public opinion in that State in favor of forestry measures. 


21 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40) A. 1896 
cea ay are cP hee 1 


FORESTRY IN ONTARIO. 


Owing to the timber policy of Ontario—which in its more important features 
coincides with that generally adopted throughout Canada—the question of future 
forestry operations in this Province is rendered comparatively simple. It has 
been in marked contrast with the course pursued in the United States, where the 
Government in dealing with large timbered tracts of land have, in selling the 
timber, disposed of the fee simple of the soil to capitalists and speculators. This 
renders the difficulty of adopting a policy of forest preservation much greater 
than if the public had retained the ownership of the land, as large corporate 
and private interests stand in the way of any change of system and the right to 
deal with tracts of land originally parted with for comparatively trifling con- 
siderations, must now in many cases be bought back at enormous expense. 
Ontario, keeping in view the fundamental principle of “the land for the settler ” 
has wisely avoided this mistake. In the early days of the Province it was 
necessary for the settlers to cut down and burn the valuable timber in clearing 
their farms, but when Government was organized it was soon found advisable to 
sell the standing timber to lumbermen, retaining the land which it occupied for 
the settler. This policy served the double purpose of assisting the farmer in his 
clearing operations, and lightening the burden of taxation, as the proceeds from 
timber sales formed a large portion of the provincial revenue. Until compara- 
tively recent times, the possibility of a timber famine or the disastrous effects of 
too thorough clearing on agriculture and climate, was little thought of. When 
the conditions prevailing at that time are borne in mind it is hardly surprising 
that our legislators, in their desire to divide the land among the people as it was 
needed for their homes, overlooked the necessity of providing for the mainten- 
ance of a due proportion of woodland in the settled area, either by restrictions 
upon the cutting of trees or by the reservation of certain tracts to be kept always 
in wood. That we have suffered to some extent from this cause is evidenced by 
the drying up during the summer of many streams and springs which formerly 
maintained an even flow throughout the year, But despite any unfavorable 
climatic change which may be traceable to the policy of the indiscriminate open- 
ing up of lands for settlement, accompanied by over-clearance, it is fortunate for 
us that we have escaped the more injurious and less excusable mistake made by 
our neighbors of the United States in alienating the fee simple of large tracts to 
capitalists at nominal prices. It is moreover worthy of note that the timber and 
land policy of Ontario has so far been in the direction of the principles of modern 
scientific forestry. The timber has been treated as a crop, to be harvested when 
ripe, and not left to over-maturity and decay. Most of the area thus far denuded 
is good agricultural Jand and has in the main wisely been devoted to cultivation— 
although, as already remarked, the individual land-owners, doubtless for want of 

22 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}. A. 1896 


ako ai ee Bee Se ere 0 en 
ee ooonnsS=ossSsSsSsSsSS»={(—a—wa——MMMmw_wwrwwmoV€ 


proper knowledge, have not in all cases realized the tact that portions of their farms 
might be better suited for permanent woodland than for tillage, with the result 
that an insufficient wood crop is left in some of the older settled parts of the 
Province. That error it is possible to rectify, and the farmers of Ontario are toa 
intelligent not to appreciate the wisdom of so doing. 

In the process of converting Ontario from a wilderness to a thriving com- 
munity, we have now reached a section of heavily wooded country, differing in 
many respects from the fertile region of Southern Ontario. Running from east. 
to west across the Province is an elevated ridge commonly spoken of as the 
“height of land” forming the water-shed from which the streams flow north to 
Hudson’s Bay and south to the great lakes and the St. Lawrence. This ridge is 
the source of our principal streams which provide water powers of great value in 
many places. Though for the most part rocky, and affording little land suitable 
for the plough, it is heavily clothed with timber, providing a magnificent 
reservoir as a feeder to our rivers, and a mine of wealth to the Province. The 
white pine, the greatest of our timber trees, is abundant throughout this region 
and for some distance northwards. Beyond the northern limit of the pines 
a vast forest of valuable spruce extends away to the Arctic circle around the shores 
of the great inland ocean, Hudson’s Bay. This is destined to be in the future 
the great source of supplies for the manufacture of paper. As yet this territory 
has been but little explored by the lumbermen, and in fact only imperfect surveys 
have been made of it. This great area of land, much of it unfitted for general agri- 
culture, is excellently suited for the production of successive growths of timber, and 
by the application of the simplest principles of forestry will ensure an adequate 
supply for all possible future requirements and an extensive system of water 
storage. To accomplish this it 1s not necessary to keep these northern forests as 
locked up capital, but to dispose of the timber as it matures and to see that. 
lumbering operations are so conducted as to provide for the natural regeneration 
of the forest growth. All that is requisite for this purpose is to protect the 
partially denuded tracts from fire and Nature will do the rest, not perhaps so 
quickly or with so commercially judicious a selection of varieties as if aided by 
the skill of the forester, but successfully nevertheless As has been said already, 
the adoption of the methods of European forestry are unnecessary here owing to 
the much greater extent of our timber lands, but, though their application 
under present conditions is out of the question, the practical working of forestry 
operations in Germany shows the possibilities of the system as a means of 
revenue, of which we may at some future date be glad to avail ourselves. Accord- 
ing to returns given in a recent German work for the years 1892-3, the total 
area of the German crown forests is 2,444,573 hectares, equivalent to 6,050,445_ 
acres. The gross receipts for timber were 69,781,314 marks, the expenses. 
36,319,707 marks, and the net revenue 33,461,607 marks, or $8,030,785.68. This 

23 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


is equivalent to a net revenue of $1.33 per acre. It must be remembered that 
this large sum was received for the operations of one year and is not much more 
or much less than the amount contributed to the German revenues every year 
from this source. Every acre of the German Crown forests is managed in such 
& way as to produce the greatest quantity of the most valuable timber possible, 
while our woodlands are the result of nature’s unaided efforts to clothe the soil 
with a timber crop, much of which is of inferior quality and stunted growth while 
large areas of our crown lands are destitute of trees from want of soil and because 
of fires. At the same time, owing to the vastness of the territory it will be found 
advisable for us to keep in timber, it may easily be seen what a large revenue may 
be received for all time in Ontario under a proper forestry system. While it is true 
that the prices obtained for the products of the forest in Germany could not be 
hoped for here,it is equally true that the very expensive management of the German 
Crown forests would not need to be followed in Ontario. The forestry staff in Ger- 
many is very large and possesses a semi-military character, and the expenditure 
for the year mentioned included, besides the actual cost of harvesting and selling the 
timber crops and fire protection, the cost of re-planting of considerable new areas> 
new houses for foresters, and other permanent improvements, as well as the 
maintenance of the various forest schools. Any system of forestry adopted in 
Ontario would naturally be much simpler, and because of the vast area we could 
profitably keep under timber crops, a much smaller net revenue per acre would 
suffice to largely increase our present revenue from this source. 

Under a system of free grants by which lands in some sections of the Pro- 
vince are allotted to settlers, it requires constant care by the Department of 
Crown Lands to prevent squatters settling on lands unfit for tillage, and there is 
reason to believe that in some instances the settler, who pays no dues for timber 
cut in clearing up his farm, is guided in his selection of a location not so much 
by the richness of the soil, as by the value of the timber standing on it. For this 
among other reasons it is advisable, in order to provide for future forestry oper- 
ations, that certain sections not adapted for cultivation should be reserved from 
settlement. This policy was initiated by the Government in setting aside as a 
permanent reserve an area comprising 1,733 square miles or 1,109,383 acres under 
the name of “The Algonquin National Park,” to which more extended reference 
will be made elsewhere. The following communication embodying some recom- 
mendations in regard to forest preservation and the extension of the reservation 
system to other tracts unsuited for settlement was made by the Bureau to the 
Commissioner of Crown Lands: 


24 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}. A, 1896 


ee nn 


ToRONTO, Ocober 9th, 1895. 
Hon. A. S. Harpy, 


Commissioner of Crown Lands, 
Toronto. 


Sr1r,—The work of the Bureau of Forestry is likely to be, for some time to 
come, principally along the line of inducing the farmers in the older settled por- 
tion of the Province to attempt the restoration of the equilibrium that should 
exist between cleared and wooded land. The necessity of having a greater pro- 
portion of this territory under forest, than is the case at present, has been made 
very apparent during the last few years by the rapid and serious lowering of the 
water in the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River, which drain the area in 
question. From observations made by Kivas Tully, C.E.,, it is shown that the 
combined rain and snowfall throughout this part of Ontario has been steadily 
decreasing for some years. Just what effect forests have on the rainfall is still a 
disputed point among scientific investigators, but there is no doubt whatever of 
the great influence exercised by forests in regulating the flow of the rain or ShOW 
after it has fallen. The wider the extent of the forest floor, with its sponge-like 
humus, the steadier will be the flow of moisture from the surface of the soil into 
the streams and lakes, the less will be the danger from floods in spring and from 
drought in summer. 


As the farmers individually own the land throughout the district mentioned, 
we must look to them for increased forest area. At the same time, as trees must 
be in considerable masses to be of much benefit in the way of regulating the 
water supply, we shall be liable to disappointment if we look for rapid or exten- 
sive improvement in that direction. The individual farmer cannot afford to 
devote any considerable part of his farm to trees, if it is good land and could 
be more profitably devoted to other crops. Even if he did so he would have no 
assurance that his neighbor would follow his example, and without joint action 
in this way very little would be accomplished. The most that can be hoped for 
is that farmers generally may be convinced of the fact that steep hill-sides and 
poor, stony or. sandy soil would yield more revenue if planted to the right kinds 
of forest trees than under any other crop. The correspondence of the Bureau 
indicates that this is beginning to be better understood, and, as intimated before, 
it will be the duty of the Bureau to continue its work in this branch of our 
national education. An essential part of this education consists in the eradica- 
tion of the idea that a tree is an enemy to be destroyed wherever found,—an idea 
that was once so general. In Ontario, at one time completely covered with a 
dense forest, the great struggle of the p.oucer settler was to get rid of the trees 
that he might raise other crops. So vigorously and so successfully was the work 
of extermination prosecuted in that part of the Province settled first, that we had 
passed the danger line in forest denudation before we realized it, The alarm has 
been sounded, however, by our many dried up springs and streams, by the fast 
lowering water in the lakes and rivers, and we can now only endeavor to get back 
to safety, —difficult as that is likely to be where all the land is in the hands of 
individual and small owners. 

In the progress of pioneer life in Ontario there arose a demand for our forest 
products in Europe, and the burning log heap of the first settler was sueceeded by 
the saw-mill of the lumberman, very much to the advantage of the Province. In 
the process of settling this Province, the lumberman has been and still is a very 
important factor. In addition to providing the State with a large revenue, he is 
of material assistance to the settler in helping him to clear his land. 

25 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


Sea SRS cn ere a a aL ded Se 


It may be urged that the lumberman is conducting his operations upon & 
larger scale than is necessary for the purposes of the settler, but while this may 
be true the authorities of the Province would have been unwise to limit his oper- 
ations beyond the restrictions of the market for lumber, which provides a check 
upon wasteful or too rapid cutting by the lumberman. The forests of Ontario 
are primeval and for the most part long ago reached maturity. They are not 
increasing in growth or quantity of timber and cannot do so until the mature 
trees are cut away, when the smaller ones will have the opportunity to grow 
that would only come, in the natural order of things, when the old trees had 
fallen. Withholding large areas of the forest growth from sale longer than the 
condition of the market warranted would not increase the wealth of the Pro- 
vince, except in the possible increase in the value of forest products, and this 
would be met by the Joss of decadent timber in the meantime, as much of it is 
already past its prime and must soon decay—in fact is already decaying. It is 
not to the lumberman we must look as the cause of the too great denudation of 
the forest growth in the older parts of the Province, but to the settler. The 


confronted with the problem of how best to get back the proper area of wooded 
land. 

Forestry as practised in Europe and India is impracticable in this country 
unless it be undertaken by the people as a whole, in other words, by the Gov- 
ernment. By the word “ Forestry ” is meant not alone the growing of trees in 
large masses for climatic and agricultural reasons, but the treatment of these 
trees in such a way that they will reproduce themselves sooner than if nature 
were left unaided, and that the revenue from the sale of forest products may be 
increased. In Germany the public forests, administered by the Government 
through the operations of their own forest staff, yield a considerable part of the 
yearly revenue of the State. The product of the forest is taken out and sold by 
the employees of the Government for the public benefit, while at the same time 
the general welfare of the country is guarded by keeping the proper proportion 
of the land perpetually in forest. | 

So far as that part of Ontario already alluded to is concerned, forestry by . 
the Government is out of the question, for the reason that the land has, practi- 
cally, all passed out of the ownership of the Crown, and has been given to 
individual settlers to deal with as they deem wisest, and the Government could 
not, without unwarranted expense in buying back suitable land from the present 
Owners, attempt any system of re-foresting. All that can now be done is to 
encourage the planting of trees by the individual owners. 

What the settler has done in the older part of the Province in the way of 
denudation, he may be expected to repeat in the newer part as it is opened up 
for settlement. 

The Jand is for the people, and it is expedient, under our complex social 
system, that the people as individuals, or at least some of them, should be given 
exclusive occupancy of certain portions of it. For this reason there is no other 
course to pursue but to allot it to individuals as they apply for it, having first, 
as far as possible, conserved the public interest by selling the most valuable timber 
on it. No doubt the first duty of the State is to the settler, and so long as we 
have large areas of fertile land awaiting the farmer, this land must be allotted as 
has been done and is being done by the government of the Province. 

On the other hand the Government is not acting in the best interests of the 
settler, if it allows him to locate on land quite unfit for agricultural purposes, 


26 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


and on which he will drag outa miserable existence if he is not wise enough to 
abandon it when he discovers his mistake. Too often an intending settler is 
guided in his selection of land by the valuable growth of timber upon it, which 
he knows can be marketed at once and bring immediate returns in cash. When 
this timber is gone he finds too late that he has a lot of land that will grow little 
else but trees, and he either abandons it or hangs on in semi-starvation. In 
either case he affords an instance of a farmer who has failed in Ontario, and is 
not a good advertisement for the Province. While thousands of acres of good 
Jand are available in Ontario, settlers every year locate on land that has very 
little to recommend it except its growth of timber, and it would be doing a 
kindness to these settlers in such case for the Government to say: “This land is 
not suitable for a farm, and it will be in your interest and the interest of the 
whole people if it is kept in forest for the common good. There is plenty of good 
land to be had, select that and leave this poor land for timber.” 

There yet remain in Ontario, still the property of the Crown, vast areas of 
wooded land not taken up by the settler. Some of itis good, some of it poor, 
and it has been or will be cut over by the lumbermen. Government may provide for 
future forestry operations and future revenue, as well as protect the climate and 
water supply of the region, by reserving from settlement throughout the unsettled 
parts of the Province, blocks of land that are found to be not well adapted for 
agricultural purposes, or that are the sources of streams, or that for climatic or 
similar reasons should be kept perpetually in forest. These blocks of forest 
could be worked by the government through its own staff of men, and the fallen, 
instead of the standing, timber sold to lumbermen. It is well known that denuded 
forest land, even though it may have been burned over, will re-forest itself in 
time if left alone. It will re-forest itself in much shorter time under intelligent 
forestry management, and with the variety of trees the forester finds most profit- 
able to grow. The farmer, speaking generally, cannot be expected to practice 
scientific forestry evenon a small scale. The returns from re-foresting are too 
remote and the temptation to cut and sell trees before they have reached their 
most profitable age is too great to be resisted in times of financial straits, The 
government only can do so successfully, and in a great part of the Province the 
opportunity is afforded the Government to prevent the unwise wholesale deforest- 
ing that has already adversely affected this part of the Province and to preserve 
for all time a steady source of revenue. 

As suitable locations for reserves of this sort I could refer you to sample 
townships among those now open for settlement. The soil in these town- 
ships is broken and a great part of the territory thin and poor. One of 
them in particular is full of small lakes and is hilly and rocky. All were 
formerly under license and have been cut over for pine. As a result of this 
cutting and the consequent breaks in the forest cover, a vigorous growth of young 
pine is springing up throughout the woods, and, if properly protected, within a 
few years (much fewer than is generally supposed) another crop of pine could be 
harvested from this land, swelling the revenues of the Province and at the same 
time increasing the value of the good land in the vicinity by keeping these large 
blocks in forest. I am informed that as yet very few patents have been issued 
for land in these townships. Would it not be possible or advisable to withdraw 
a considerable part of these townships from settlement and make of the land a 
permanent Crown forest for climatic and revenue purposes ? 

To do this of course entails the employment of a small staff of men to protect 
the reserves from fires and perhaps from poachers, but I believe the expense 
would be met at once by the sale of fallen timber and other trees found advisable 
to remove, while the men employed could be largely obtained from the settlers in 


27 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


the vicinity, very few men requiring to be permanently employed. A very 
important move was made in this direction when the Government set aside Algon- 
quin Park as a forest reserve not open tosettlement. Existing timber licenses in 
the park,and the sale of new ones rendered necessary by the decadence of much 
of the pine timber, made regular forestry operations conducted by the Government 
through its own staff for the present out of the question there, except as an experi- 
ment, and the only practical way of preserving the public revenue derived from 
the timber has been followed. 

A large part of the provincial wood lands is now under license to lumbermen, 
and it will doubtless be found advisable to harvest the present crop of mature 
and decadent timber in the same way. Consequently it may be some time before 
forestry on any extensive scale can be practised by the Government. As the 
licenses are allowed to expire by the lumbermen after they have removed the 
heavy timber, the reservations could come into effect, and I assume that in the 
case of each reservation there would be no license to stand in the way or no other 
vested interest to prevent an operation so evidently in the interest of the whole 
people. Some of the nations of the Old World have had to buy back the land 
from the individual owners before they could undertake the work of re-forestation 
rendered necessary by the disastrous floods and arid soils in large areas of 
country. In New York State the attempt to save the Adirondack forest, the 
great water reservoir of the State, from destruction, has been found almost 
impossible because of the claims of lumbermen and others to the ownership of 
the land. 

In Ontario, however, the practise of selling the lumbermen the timber only 
and not the land as well, has left us in position to put a proper system of forestry 
in operation, in so far as that part of the Province still unsettled is concerned, 
with no initial expense or no raid on the treasury. It is true the cost of manage- 
ment, or rather the cost of operating, would absorb a greater proportion of the 
proceeds of the sale of timber here than would be the case in Europe, where the 
forest products are more valuable, but it must be remembered that timber is 
becoming more valuable here, new varieties of our native woods are coming into 
use, and by the time Government could have its forestry staff organized and 
reserves ready for operation there would be no difficulty in having the balance 
on the right side of the ledger. 

I know there are always opposed to operations of this kind those who 
contend that governments cannot conduct business operations as economically as 
individuals or corporations. While instances are not wanting to show the force 
of this position it does not follow that it is an insuperable objection in Ontario. 
The State forests in Germany are economically administered, and I can see no 
reason why the Province of Ontario cannot realize as much revenue from timber 
cut and sold to lumbermen as by the sale of that timber standing. And besides 
this, admitting the necessity of scientific forestry on a large scale, it can be done 
in no other way than by that indicated. The Government must eventually 
undertake it if it is to be undertaken at all, and provision may be made for 
future revenue from this source only by reserving from settlement sections of 
land that will grow trees more profitably than other crops, and that would be 
well to keep in forest for the general benefit of the community. 


I am, etc., 
Your obedient servent, 


THOS. SOUTHWORTH, 


Clerk of Forestry. 
28 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Acting on the suggestion of the Commissioner of Crown Lands a number of 
the Crown timber agents were communicated with and requested to report, 
either from their personal knowledge or from information furnished by the 
timber rangers, as to the existance in their districts of any considerable areas of 
young second growth white pine. At the time of writing the rangers had com- 
pleted their trips, and as they had not been previously requested to procure 
information on this point, the reports received were of course incomplete, referring 
only to growths of young pine which the agents or the rangers had casually obser- 
ved in passing, without making any attempt to estimate their extent. While these 
reports are admittedly unspecific and based upon incidental observation merely, 
instead of such a special exploration and survey as would be necessary to deter- 
mine the precise area of second growth white pine, sufficient data, have been 
obtained to warrant the conclusion that large tracts of the Crown domain from 
which the original growth of white pine has been cut are now covered with 
young seedlings of the same species. These, if protected from fire and the axe 
will, in from twenty to fifty years, yield a crop of timber nearly, if not quite, as 
valuable as that which has already been harvested 


The reports seem to vary according to the thoroughness of the knowledge 
of their respective districts, possessed by the agents. They all report, more or 
less young pine growing, except Mr. Munro, of Port Arthur, who remarks, “the 
large areas that have been burnt over in this district invariably grow up with 
either poplar or jacx pine on the high lands, in the lower grounds with witch 
hazel, alders, willows, in the drier parts with spruce, tamarack and birch.” 


Mr. Johnson, of Arnprior, sends a very comprehensive report from which the 
following is extracted: The west half of the Township of Brough, north half of 
Matawatchan, north half of Griffith, south-east quarter of Lyndoch, north half of 
Radcliffe, north-west half of James, west three-quarters of Robinson, have very 
few settlers, and have been burned over for a number of years past and have 
very few green pine trees standing, as the country has been cut over many 
times. There is a growth of young pine, such as I think you mean as white pine 
seedlings, started all through the above parts of townships, and particularly so 
through the older burned sections. From the foot of Victoria Lake to the head 
of the Big Opeongo Lake is all a green country, and has no settlers, I mean 
north of the Opeongo Creek. The west half of North Algona, nearly all of the 
township of Richards, a good part of Marter, the north half of Guthrie and north- 
east part of Nevin, all that section of country along the White Partridge Creek 
to the Petewawa River and up to the head of Trout Lake, also all south of Trout 
Lake to Lake La Vieille has been burned over for some years. There are no 
settlers in this section of country with the exception of four or five. There is a 
growth of young pine, both white and red, springing up through most of the above 


29 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 — 


country. In part of the townships of Wicklow, Raglan and McClure, which have 
been cut and burned over several times, I have noticed seedling pines growing.” 

Mr, Russell, of Pembroke, sends the report of timber rangers McCagherty 
and Kennedy who, at his request, reported on their districts. Mr. McCagherty 
states that as he has not been over the country since getting the request to 
report on it, he can only speak from memory and not minutely. He has noticed 
extensive growths of young white pine, ranging from one to seven inches in 
diameter throughout the west-halt of the township of Fraser in the County of 
Peterboro, and the south-west part of Alice in the same county. There is also a 
growth of young pine in the township of Stratton along the Pettawawa River. 
All these lands have been cut and burned over. 

Ranger John E. Kennedy, of Pembroke, writes: “I know there are large 
areas of such young pine growing in several of the townships in my district of 
ranging, but how many square miles of such pine I do not know. What the 
nature of the soil is in such areas, whether good farming land or not, | cannot 
say. However, I know from passing through the following townships that a 
large quantity of young pine, too small for merchantable use at present, is 
growing : That portion of the township of Fields under license to J. R. Booth, 
and operated over, lying on the east side of the Sturgeon River, between the 
mouth of the Tomiko River and Pike, or the north boundary of the same (town- 
ship) extending north through the township of Bastedo or Berth No.3. Judging 
from the appearance of the surface in most of the places, would say the land is 
worthless for farming purposes. A small portion of this same township between 
Lake Clear and the west side of the Sturgeon River is well covered with such 
pine and I know most of the land is not fit for cultivation. I notice also that a 
portion of the north-west part of the township of Hugel, now under license to 
W. & S. Cockburn, has quite a bunch of such pine growing, and also a large 
portion of the township of Appleby on the Veuve River, once operated over by 
Davidson & Hay. There are large tracts of such pine growing on the head waters 

of the Jocko Oreek, on Bronson & Weston’s limits, and also between the head 
waters of the Tomiko River and Otter Creek. The township of Notman, on the 
Tomiko, is nearly all covered with young pine, and the land is nothing but stone 
and gravel. In many places through the old brules of thirty years ago there are 
seedling pines growing, but where the fire passes and kills this young pine before 
it is old enough to bear seed it never grows again.” 

In the Peterboro District Mr. McWillams reports a good growth of young 
white pine on lands not suitable for general agriculture in the following town- 
ships : | 

Galway, all of the 6th and 7th concessions, east from lot 10; Cavendish, Ist 
to 8th concessions, west from lot 15; Harvey, Ist concession, north from lot 15 ; 
North Burleigh, 1st to 5th concessions, except small lot under license; South 

30 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 

Eh 
Burleigh, all east of Eel’s Creek ; Methuen, all unsold lots in concessions 8, 9, 10, 
11, 12, except a few lots in Rathbun’s and in Gilmour’s limits, and concessions 1, 


2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 from lot 6 to lot 20. These lands have all been under license and 
have been cut and burned over. The different lots are contiguous and what 


settlement there is likely to be is pretty well completed. 

Mr. Halladay reports as follows: 

Abinger, on all Crown lands in this township considerable young white pine 
is growing. 

Clarendon, lots 6 to 8, inclusive, in concessions 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, also from 
lot 1 to lot 20, inclusive, in concessions 1 and 2, have crops of young white pine 
and if protected would yield valuable crops of timber in thirty years. 

Barrie, all the Crown Lands north of the 11th concession have considerable, 
young pine scattered through them. 

Palmerston has a good deal of young pine scattered through the Crown 
Lands, as has also the township of Olden, but in both these townships settlers 
are so generally scattered through them that Mr. Halladay is of the opinion that 
it would be very difficult to protect the young trees from fire. Concerning the 
general question of the reproduction of white pine after the removal of the 
original growth Mr. Halladay writes: 

“In my travels, experience and close observation for the past twenty years 
in connection with the burned lands of the Province I find that after a pine forest 
has been destroyed by fire, there springs up a growth of pine timber, on all lands 
formerly timbered with pine, which, in many sections, makes a rapid growth and 
would in fifty years produce merchantable timber, but unfortunately other fires 
follow in a few years and destroy the young forests. After a second tire the 
young pine becomes more sparse and other timber, such as white birch, poplar, 
etc., takes possession of the soil. A third fire exhausts all the pine seed in the 
ground and the pine timber becomes extinct. Consequently the great problem 
to solve by the people of Ontario is how to protect our forests from fire. I 
would just intimate that if the problem can be fully and practically solved, I 
have no fear as to the future timber supply of the Province. For instance take 
the parts of the Province that are drained by the rivers Mississippi, Madawaska, 
Bonnechere and Petewawa and many sections in the Georgian Bay districts, we 
find extensive areas of young pine timber which will, as stated, produce merchant- 
able timber in fifty years if not destroyed. You can realize the importance of 
this question to the people of the Province, as, when the present forest is cut, 
the old or burned territory would be producing timber. There might be some- 
thing done in connection with this matter, by enlisting the sympathy and assist- 
ance of the various township councils, and impressing upon them the importance 
to their respective localities of protecting the young pine forests from destruction. 
LT would also suggest that in commencing tree-planting or planting pine seed it 

31 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). | A. 1896 


ce et ae 


is of the utmost importance to make an intelligent and practical start. From 
observation I have come to the conclusion that the proper place to experiment is 
in one large area of hardwood lands, such as exist in Algonquin Park and the 
adjoining townships. I have noticed in my travels, and perhaps you have 
also, that you rarely find a locality timbered with hardwood that has been 
burned. Consequently I consider that by utilizing these hardwood sections 
there is every probability of protecting the young trees from destruction by fire, 
wiiich is the most important factor in tree culture in this Province. The hard- 
wood lands produce the best quality of timber, consequently it follows that 
cultivating timber in those sections will produce better results. There might be 
some difficulty owing to the timber now on the ground shading the young trees 
to too great an extent,.but I consider that by removing the small timber and 
leaving the larger trees, the young trees would have sufficient sunlight to develop, 
and the larger deciduous trees shedding their foliage annually would prevent the 
spread of forest fires.” 


Mr. D. J. Macdonald, of the Parry Sound District, reports that he does not 
know of any area of more than cwo or three acres in extent where second growth 
white pine exists. Prior to the heavy forest fires which overran the country in 
1881 and 1882, however, there were numerous clumps of second growth pine 
springing up in and around old and abandoned clearings in the townships of 
Morrison, Muskoka, Oakley, Draper and Macaulay, which grew from the seeds of 
the old pines in thé adjoining forest. The fires destroyed nearly all of these 
small groves together with the forest pines. The second growth after the country 
has been swept by fire is invariably aspen, poplar, white birch and fire cherry. 
In the northern and eastern parts of Algoma Mr. Macdonald has found jack pine 
(Pinus Banksiana) mixed with the poplar and other second growth, but has never 
found young pine growing after the original pine woods have been burned over so 
as to destroy the old trees. Where, however, the pine has been cut and fire has not 
succeeded, the young pines spring up and thrive until destroyed by the flames. In 
localities close to lakes, swamps or marshes where a few of the original pines escape 
destruction by fires which sweep the surrounding country, the young seedlings 
may be seen springing up thick and healthy, even after a second fire. In Harri- 
son township, near the Naiscootyong river, is a strip of second growth of poplar 
and white birch, covering a tract which must at some time have been fire swept. 
A portion of this was again destroyed in 1882, and the new growth is white pine, 
the seeds of which probably came from pines growing among the poplars and 
birches. 


In Matchedash township there is a strip of second growth pine near the 
Severn river which Mr. Macdonald suggests would form the nucleus of a second 
growth pinery if the underbrush were cut, the pines thinned, and fire kept out. 


32 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}, A 1896 


On the road between Midland and Penetanguishene about 100 acres of poor, 
sandy land was well timbered with second growth pine, which had attained an 
average growth of ten inches in diameter at the stump cut. But about two 


years ago the trees were sold by the owner for manufacturing purposes and cut 
down. 


A general impression exists, endorsed to some extent by scientific authority, 
that something like a natural law of rotation of crops prevails, in accordance 
with which pine, when removed, is invariably succeeded by deciduous trees. The 
information comprised in the foregoing reports renders it abundantly evident 
that this is a popular error, due to insufficient consideration of all the conditions 
in connection with the reproduction of forest vegetation. The fact that the 
clearance of pine is generally followed by a growth of other varieties is due 
entirely to the agency of fires and the destruction of pine seeds and the remaining 
parent trees. In a fire-swept region, where the ravage has been complete or 
nearly so, the character of the new vegetation depends upon the seeds which are 
first deposited upon the soil, and hence the varieties having downy or light seed- 
vessels, which may be borne long distances by the wind, are as a rule those which 
form the bulk of the second growth. Where pine has been removed, and no fire 
has taken place, it is invariably succeeded by its own kind, and not until the land 
has been twice burned over is it so exterminated as to give place to the second 
growth of inferior varieties, That the contrary opinion has so long prevailed is 
altogether due to the circumstance that lumbering operations and the influx of 
settlement upon pine-covered land are so generally followed by repeated fires 
that second growth of the less valuable deciduous trees is the usual rule. 


Practically all that needs to be done in order to maintain our timber supply 
in perpetuity and secure all the other advantages accruing from the presence of 
large forest tracts, is to retain in the possession of the Crown all such timbered 
land as is not well adapted for agriculture, and to protect it adequately from fire. 
Were this done the apprehension of the exhaustion of our timber resources would 
no longer be even a remote possibility. Large as the demands upon our forests 


are, their reproductive capacity, provided the ravages of fire can be suppressed, is 
many times greater. 


ANNUAL GROWTH OF TIMBER. 


The United States Department of Agriculture, through its forestry branch, has 
for some years been preparing returns of “timber physics,’ and among other things, 
something like close figures have been obtained of the actual annual growth of 
timber on an acre of forest land under ordinary forest conditions. These figures 
were derived from a very extensive series of actual measurements over a term of 
years on different lots in Maine and New Hampshire forests. The conclusions 

3 FR. 33 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). . A, 1896 


reached by the United States authorities differ materially from the estimate given 
by Brown and Nisbet, eminent English authorities in the matter of annual growth. - 
While “ Brown’s Forester” estimates the annual growth on an acre of Scots pines 
at 100 to 120 cubic feet, the United States Division of Forestry places the annual 
growth in a New Hampshire spruce forest at only fifty-nine and a half cubie feet. 
In comparing these two estimates it must be borne in mind that Brown’s estimate is 
for a Scotch plantation in which the trees have been carefully tended, and in which, 
because of this, the growth would be greatly in excess of that in an ordinary Ameri- 
can forest, whereovercrowding and other causes retard the growth. For the purpose 
of estimating the annual growth in Ontario, where the conditions are much the 
same as in the States mentioned, we will take the United States figures, fifty-nine 
and a half cubic feet, or for facility in computing, sixty cubic feet per acre as the 
average annual growth in the Crown forests under ordinary conditions. 


The area of the timber-bearing lands still belonging to the Crown in Ontario 
can only be approximately estimated. According to a return to the House in 
1893, there are about 21,000 square miles of pine lands under license, and 24,410 
square miles of pine lands still unsold. These areas are exclusive of a territory 
of 89,000 square miles that is more or less timbered, but as it is not supposed to 
have large quantities of pine upon it, no account has been taken of it by the 
Department of Crown Lands. It is known, however, that much of it is well 
timbered, and where pine is not present there are large quantities of spruce and 
other woods. Assuming this territory to be fairly covered with timber, we will 
take half of it for the purpose of this calculation, which will give the total forest 
area of the Crown in Ontario as 89,910 square miless. As lumbering operations 
are being carried on to a greater or less extent in parts of the licensed area, we 
will allow for this and take 80,000 square miles as the timber area of the 
Province, certainly a very low estimate, having regard to not white pine alone, 
but to other timber as well. Eighty thousand square miles is equivalent to 
51,200,000 acres. Estimating the annual addition of timber over this area at 
sixty cubic feet per acre, we have a total addition to the amount of timber each 
year amounting to 3,072,000,000 cubic feet. This estimate is of timber exclusive 
of tops and branches. 

According to the report of the Commissioner of Crown Lands for 1894 the 
amount of timber cut on the Crown Lands, of all kinds in lumbering operations 
amounted to 60,695,250 cubic feet for that year. Deducting this amount from the 
annual growth, there would be 3,011,304,750 cubic feet in excess of the cut of 
timber each year, as may be more clearly shown by the following table: 


34 


* 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40’. A, 1896 


ANNUAL Cut oF TIMBER IN LUMBERING OPERATIONS AS PER CROWN LANDS 
REPORT, 1894. 


Saw logs, boom timber, dimension stuff ................ 53,200,555 cubie feet. 
Square timber, pine and other than pine .............. 1,185,529 . 
AERO ARRAS ae ag abl Laide US. 7 i he og EN 1,879,986 € 
SM OGRE RT oie ates fish eae r epee ia os ae pws ate eo ato cetace 1,381,504 a 
Posts and shingle bolts (estimated) .................... 767,872 g 
Eresranid) ead: DIOGKS taro ae eet ake sche ous Race 279,854 es 
Railway ties and telegraph poles (estimated)............ 2,000,000 e 

FL Leh eae ee ree Monee iN Sere Sa ed a 60,695,258. 


ANNUAL GROWTH ON CROWN LANDS. 


Estimated annual growth per acre of ordinary forest 
land adopted by the U.S. Forestry Bureau, 60 cubic 
feet ; total area of Ontario Crown Lands licensed 
and otherwise, pine-bearing and other forest land, 
say 80,000 square miles; 80,000 square miles, or 51,- 
200,000 acres, will produce per year according to 
this estimate, 3,011,304,750 cubic feet in excess of 
the annual cut of timber, or 


BOTAN le CON Ula eqett os eho te) otaney sgh enue’ a. 9.015) aay tue't oie g-<s 3,072,0VU0,000 cubic feet. 
PSR TATINS QIN Siar ge ain Re os aa 60,695,250 Y: 


Annual growth in excess of annual cut .. 3,011,304,750 ee 


This is assuming that the lumberman’s axe is the only cause of the removal 
of timber. Unfortunately, however, this is not the case. The amount of timber 
destroyed by fire from one year to another is an unknown quantity. That the 
amount far exceeds what falls before the axe of the lumberman is probable, and 
in any scheme of forest perpetuation protection from fire must occupy the most 
prominent place. Notwithstanding the efforts of the Government fire rangers 
for the past few years the loss to the Province through forest fires has been 
considerable, though vastly less than would have been the case had the protec- 
tive measures employed not been used. If fires could be prevented or even very 
much lessened the present rate of cutting on the Crown lands could be continued 
indefinitely, for the annual increment of growth far exceeds the annual cut. 
These figures are of course theoretical for the reason that in much of the 
primeval forest the decay of over ripe trees may be said to equal the growth of 
the others. This 1s not the case generally though and more particularly where 

35 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40), A. 1896 


through lumbering operations the larger timber has been taken out, enabling 
the smaller trees to grow so much faster. Resides, the enormous difference of 
three billions of cubic feet will allow for considerable latitude in this respect. 


FIRE PROTECTION. 


In considering plans for re-forestation a point referred to in the extract 
from Mr. Halladay’s report above quoted as to the advisability of planting or 
sowing white pine in land where the existing cover is hardwood ought not to be 
lost sight of, a mixed forest being preferable to one of purely coniferous trees 
on account of the comparatively slight danger of fire. The axe of the forester 
should be employed to remove unproductive timber so as to secure sufficient 
space and freedom for growth for the more desirable kinds and so increase the 
value of the yield. But this isa much less important consideration than the 
lessening of the destruction by fire, which can be accomplished at comparatively 
small expense as has been already shown by the operations of the Ontario fire- 
ranging system. Dr. Rothrock, Forestry Commissioner of Pennsylvania, esti- 
mates the annual loss direct to that State from forest fires at one million dollars, 
and contends that if to this were added the future value of the young timber 
and seedlings destroyed by the flames, it would amount to a very much larger 
sum. According to his view the existing fire laws are amply sufficient to pre- 
vent these continually recurring conflagrations, were they efficiently enforced, 
but they have so far proven a failure for want of adequate machinery for carry- 
ing them into effect. Prior to 1886 similar conditions prevailed in Ontario- 
Our provincial fire act was framed on the same lines as the legislation in leading 
American states and had been upon the statute book for years, but it had not 
been found to be any material check upon devastating bush fires owing to the 
lack of proper means for the enforcement of its provisions. In 1886 Mr. Aubrey 
White, now Assistant Commissioner of Crown Lands,addressed a report to the Com- 
missioner, strongly advocating the adoption of a system of fire-ranging. Acting 
upon this recommendation the present system, substantially embodying the plan 
submitted by Mr. White was adopted with highly satisfactory results. The fol- 
lowing are the leading provisions:—A number of men are placed upon the 
Crown Lands during the dangerous season, which lasts from May until about the 
close of September in localities specially exposed to fire by reason of settlement, 
railway constructing, lumbering or any other cause. Where the land is under 
license, the co-operation of the limit-holders* is requisite, it being optional with 
them to take advantage of the system. The number of men necessary to give 
adequate protection is decided by the owners of the limit, as being familiar with 
the country and the direction from which danger is likely to come. The selec- 
tion of the men to be employed on the staff is also in their hands, the Depart- 


* A limit is the area over which a lumberman helds a license to cut timber. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


ment reserving the right to reject or remove any man whom they ‘consider unfit. 
for the position. The fire-rangers are constituted officers for the enforcement of 
the Fire Act by section 14 and act under the instructions of the Department. 
They make the public acquainted with its provisions by putting ‘up posters in 
conspicuous places and circulating copies of it among settlers and others. In 
case fires break out they are authorized to engage assistance for suppressing 
them, and should they become extensive it is their duty to notify both the limit- 
holder and the Department. Half of the expense incurred in maintaining the 
staff and suppressing fires is borne by the Crown Lands Department and the 
remainder by the owners of the limits. The pay of the fire rangers is fixed at 
$2 per day without board or other extras. They report at the end of the season 
as to the duties performed and number and extent of the fires which may have 
occurred. 

The good effects of the system were specially manifested last year. 
Though the summer of 1895 was the dryest for many years, the temperature 
being unusually high in addition to the light rainfall, the destruction of timber 
by fire was remarkably small. In consequence of the danger the staff was 
strengthened in specially exposed places and closer vigilance maintained. 

Reports from forty-nine timber limits where the system was in opera- 
tion in 1895 show that as closely as can be estimated, the quantity of timber 
damaged by fire amounted to 57,556,000 feet, valued at $41,600. The number 
of fires specifically reported was ninety-three, in addition to which there were 
many others, principally small ones not enumerated. Any one at all familiar 
with backwoods life and conversant with the conditions which prevailed prior 
to the introduction of the system can easily realize the enormous saving which 
has been affected by providing this safeguard against forest devastation. When 
the dry character of the season and the number of fires actually scarted but 
suppressed before they had made headway is taken into account it can readily 
be seen that but for the presence of the fire-rangers at the most exposed 
points, areas amounting to hundreds of square miles would probably have 
been ravaged and the losses to timber licensees and the public would have 
been immense. This saving has been effected by the employment of 114 men 
for a few months in the year, at a total cost of $26,253, shared between the 
public treasury and limit-owners. 

So far the fire-ranging service has been practically confined to the portion 
of the Crown domain under license, although occasionally, when special exposure 
to the danger of fire imperatively demanded it, some parts of the unlicensed 
territory immediately adjoining timber limits have been included in the opera- 
tions of the service. In view of the magnitude of the interests involved in the 
preservation of our forests and the fact that the greatest peril which threatens their 
destruction is fire, the system which, after nine years’ trial, has proved so effective 


37 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}. A, 1896 


and satisfactory, should be extended, if not over the entire area of forest still 
held by the Crown, at least to considerable tracts of the more valuable and 
exposed portions. In place of its adoption for the districts under license being 
dependent upon the voluntary co-operation of the limit-owners it might well be 
made compulsory throughout all licensed territory. Few licensees, if any, 
would object to the comparatively slight tax involved for the protection afforded 
their property, and such objections, if offered, ought not to be allowed to 
outweigh the paramount interests of the public or jeopardize the property of 
their more prudent and reasonably-minded neighbors. Such a general extension 
of the fire-ranging system, combined with the withdrawal from settlement as 
timber reserves of the wooded tracts marked out by situation and character of 
soil as naturally adapted for permanent forests, will complete the policy already 
initiated by the Government and prove amply sufficient to avert the calamities 
apprehended from forest destruction. | 

The main objection likely to be urged against such a course is that of the 
expense entailed. In view of the contrast between the enormous destruction of 
timber, formerly a matter of yearly occurrence, and comparative immunity from 
serious fires enjoyed in the districts where the fire-ranging system is in opera- 
tion, the cost, were it far greater than the rate of outlay so far required for the 
efficient guarding of the limits, would be a very small percentage of the saving 
effected. It must be always borne in mind that the immediate loss in mer- 
chantable timber caused by a forest fire is usually far exceeded by the damage 
to the young timber and seedlings and the injury to the productive capacity of 
the forest, especially in cases where a thin layer of soil, the accumulation of 
centuries, covering a bed of rock has been consumed. To calculate merely the 
selling value of the mature timber destroyed or injured gives an exceedingly 
inadequate idea of the destructive effects of fires. Upon this point Dr. Roth- 
rock, the Pennsylvanian Forestry Commissioner, says in the report to which 
reference has previously been made: 

The most obvious consequences of forest tires, serious as these may be, are 
by no means of the greatest importance. Loss of logs, of bark, of standing 
timber, young and old, of fences, and occasionally of buildings, is, as stated else- 
where, not less than a million dollars annually to this Commonwealth. This 
might well enough be termed a direct loss to the State. The indirect or conse- 
quential damage to the State is many times greater. In fact it is so great that 
it appears incredible until after a careful study of the whole subject. For 
example, it is fairly within bounds to assert that if all the unproductive lands 
now vacant and uncared for, which exists within the limits of the State, were 
protected from forest fires for say forty years, the timber then growing would 
be worth not less than $1,200,000,000. It is quite certain that if this growth 
were destroyed by fire when but a year old, the loss to the Commonwealth 
directly would be absolutely unimportant. The same might be said if we were 


to see it destroyed at two, three, four or even five years of age. But when we 
remember that in burning these seedlings which are but a year old, we destroy 


38 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Se ee SS 


a crop which in point of time is one-fortieth of its way on to a money value 
of $1,200,000,000, the damages are consequential or mdirect in character, and 
if expressed in figures must equal not less than thirty millions of dollars as the 
loss to the Commonwealth. 

Pennsylvania is an old and thickly-populated community, having no forests 
at all comparable in extent or value with those which clothe the great northern 
regions of Ontario. These conclusions, therefore, apply with tenfold force to 
this Province and afford a complete answer to any possible objections which 
might be advanced on the score of expense, against such an extension of the 
fire-ranging system as would afford reasonable protection to all portions of the 
Crown domain occupied by valuable timber in any stage of growth, whether 
under license or otherwise. 


39 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


THE FORESTRY PROBLEM IN OLDER ONTARIO. 


It is practicable, as already pointed out, to preserve a due proportion of 
forest in that part of our vast territory still unsettled and that still remains the 
property of the whole people. There is, however, a large area forming the water 
shea of Lakes Huron, Erie, Ontario and the St. Lawrence River, that is already 
alienated from the Crown and in the hands of individual owners and which has 
begun to feel the evil effects of a too liberal use of the woodman’s axe. Through- 
out this cultivated area springs are drying up, streams that once furnished 
moderate water power all the year round are now torrents in the spring and 
dried up trenches in summer, unobstructed winds sweep over the land, hastening 
evaporation and intensifying the draughts caused by the lessening rainfall, 
extremes of heat and cold are greater and a general deterioration of the climate in 
Southern Ontario is apparent. 


That the rapid disappearance of our forests is largely the cause of this state 
of affairs is undoubtedly the case, and in order to bring back the former and 
better conditions the proper proportion of woodland to cleared area must be 
restored. In other words we must resort to replanting. 


For several years the necessity of checking forest destruction in the settled 
part of Ontario has been apparent to thoughtful students of our agricultural 
welfare, but so far, comparatively little has been accomplished. It is difficult, in 
matters of this kind, to move very much in advance of public opinion, and, until 
recently, the disasters following in the wake of the almost complete disappear- 
ance of standing timber has not been noticed or felt by the great mass of the 
people. If they noticed the effect, and they could not. very well avoid doing so, 
it is only within the past few years that the cause has been apparent. 


Through the agency of the newspaper press, students of forestry and agricul- 
tural experts—notably Sir Henry Joly in Quebec and the late Mr. R. W. Phipps 
in Ontario—the public has arrived at a much juster conception of the function of 
trees in our national welfare. 


We have no wealthy, extensive land-holding class in Ontario, most of the 
settled land being held in small lots. While this is of course preferable to a 
landlord system, it renders the possibility of large areas of land being kept in 
timber out of the question, without the aid of direct governmental interference. 
That such interference is warranted, on account of the general good to the whole 
community, which demands that poor and rocky lands along the borders and at 


40 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


the head waters of the streams and on steep hillsides should be kept wooded, is 
now pretty generally conceded. Just what form this interference is to take is 
the problem that confronts us. 


The stringent forest laws of France which prevent a land owner from cut- 
ting off his woodland without the consent of the State authorities, are out of the 
question. In the first place such arbitrary interference with what each man has 
always looked upon as his own to deal with as seemed to him best, would be 
repugnant to the ideas of liberty obtaining in this country, and, secondly the 
appalling evils following forest destruction in some parts of France, which were 
the cause of the legislation referred to, have not een felt in Ontario as yet, 
except in a limited-degree. It is evident that governmental efforts for re-forest- 
ing in Ontario must be in the direction of what might be called “ assistance ” 
rather than “ interference.” This may be accomplished in either or both of two 
ways: financial assistance in tree-planting and education in the matter of rearing 
woodland crops for profit. 


WHAT HAS BEEN DONE. 


What little has yet been done has been in this direction, the only effort in 
the way of financial aid having been embodied in an Act of the Legislature in 
1883, called «The Ontario Tree Planting Act.” This was intended to encourage 
the planting of shade trees along highways and farm boundaries, and obviously 
could have but little effect on the main object of forestry, the raising of a timber 
crop and the conservation of the water supply. 


Tae WORKING OF THE ACT. 


Acting on instructions received from the Commissioner of Crown Lands, the 
Bureau of Forestzy entered upon an investigation as to the extent and results of 
tree-planting in Ontario generally, with special reference to the working of the 
Act. The doubts entertained as to the utility of its leading provisions were fully 
justified by the results of the investigation which, so far as they related to the 
Tree Planting Act, were embodied in the following communication addressed to 
the Minister of Agriculture : 


BUREAU OF FORESTRY, ; 
December 20th, 1899. 


Hon. John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture, Toronto. 


Sir—In the year 1883, pursuant to the recommendation of a Committee 
appointed to attend the American Forestry Congress held at Cincinnati during 


41 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


the pievious year, “The Ontario Tree Planting Act, 1883,” was passed by the 
Provincial Legislature. The object of this measure was to encourage the plant- 
ing and care of trees for purposes of shade and ornament along the public high- 
ways, the boundary lines of farms and other suitable places. In addition to some 
general provisions respecting tree-planting and preservation, the Act provides 
that any person owning land adjacent to any highway, street, lane, alley, place or 
Square may plant trees on the portion contiguous to his land, provided they do 
not become a nuisance or obstruct travel, and also that any owner of a farm or 
lot may, with the consent of the owner of the adjoining property, plant trees on 
the boundary line. Trees set out on the highway are declared to be the property 
of the owner of the adjoining lands, and those planted on the boundaries of farms 
or lots the common property of the owners. 


The council of any municipality is authorized to pass a by-law for paying 
out of the municipal funds a bonus not exceeding twenty-five cents for each tree | 
planted under the provisions of the Act on any highway or boundary line of 
farms or within six feet of such boundary. 


The varieties of trees which may be used include Ash, Basswood, Beech, 
Birch, Butternut, Cedar, Cherry, Chestnut, Elm, Hickory, Maple, Oak, Pine, Sassa- 
fras, Spruce, Walnut and Whitewood. An Inspector of Trees must be appointed 
by the municipality to secure their due protection from injury or removal and to 
see that the conditions imposed in connection with the payment of a bonus are 
complied with. | 


The Act appropriated $50,000, to be known as “The Ontario Tree-Planting 
Fund” for the payment of the share of the bonus payable out of the Provincial 
Treasury. 


In accordance with instructions received I made an investigation into the 
working of the Act. At the time this enquiry was begun last summer the Act 
had been in full operation for nine years, from 1886 to 1894 inclusive ; though 
passed in 1883, three years were required to elapse before any payment of bonuses 
could be made. The total amount paid during that time by the Province in 
bonuses was $4,808.78, being less than one-tenth of the fund of $50,000 appro- 
priated for the purpose. It will be seen from this that comparatively few 
of the municipalities of the Province have availed themselves of the provisions 
of the Act. The amoun’ paid by the Province in bonuses each year is 
as follows : 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


———— Ss SS a 


LSS OMe ieee ered aye) chin aPeiatSiPer sich ane sles fee $452 38 
LSS [aera PM Ree ETS OF Cas sjolprabe eeveteretekahe' a0: 834 84 
SS SMA OMe eee ee ty Crepe tone ELS Sarina etn) ica! nites neheg tere! of 574 41 
TS89Rei3. Sane SET RD a ES OS RARE CRE Goce a>, aan 364 97 
AOTC ape na Be Oo marae Falls he 2 A DSDa9a 
SE an sae, patie ae eet er a asl’ uel bt ce! clatalla tating ® she 503 84 
PLS Pa deat tie a WD Ra oR AMAT Seeey st Gata a alisha Tai gter eye aires) « fori AW 
ESO ecient me owes Pe ed ae eae ar ea ad) a biaie, ote evehogeihe Rae 486 11 
Ue eae gus de ne Gee ta krld a ane Pore eam Rear ae 282 60 

TRG Ge pte ee eae ee Ra Le Sess, weeny $4,808 78 


The marked decrease during the last two years in the amount called for, 
indicates that interest in the subject, and a disposition on the part of munici- 
palities to avail themselves of the inducements offered by the Act to tree- 
srowers, are declining. The limited scope of its operations so far, may be judged 
by the fact that only forty-nine municipalities all told had, up to the end of 
1894, obtained grants from the tree-planting fund. Of these, forty-two town- 
ships received in the aggregate $4,338, the balance, $469.85, being distributed 
among five towns and two villages. 


In June last circulars were sent from the Bureau of Forestry to the clerks 
of 433 townships and 228 other municipalities to elicit general information in 
regard to tree planting. In the circulars forwarded to the municipalities which 
appeared from the Public Accounts to have drawn bonuses under the Act, the 
clerks were asked for information as to the working of the measure, the number 
and condition of the trees planted, and as to whether the people were satisfied 
with the system and likely to avail themselves of it to any further extent. 


The returns received are not sufficiently definite to enable me to give any- 
thing more than a loose approximation of the number of trees planted as a direct 
result of the bonus provisions of the Act. A large proportion made no reply to 
the question and others stated that they had no data for an accurate statement 
and merely gave a rough estimate. Replies received from twenty-eight town- 
ships, giving either the actual figures or an approximate number, give an 
aggregate of 35,537, and answers from four of the other municipalities show 
1,495 trees set out, making a total of 36,032 from those municipalities which 
have furnished information of a sufficiently definite character to be available. 
In addition to the municipalities which were known to have adopted the Act, 
and consequently requested to furnish this information, answers received to the 
general circular sent out to other municipalities show that by-laws in accordance 
with its provisions have also been adopted by seventeen townships, four cities, 


43 


59 Victoria. . Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


nine towns and eight villages from which no claims for bonuses had been for- 
warded, although in many cases a good deal of planting had been done. A fair 
estimate of the total number of trees planted under, or as a result of the Act, 
would be about 75,000, a somewhat meagre result for nine years when we 
remember that in Kansas, for instance, about a million and a half of trees are 
planted yearly. 


To the question, “ How are the people satisfied with the system, and is your 
municipality likely to avail themselves of it to any further extent?” answers 
were received from thirty-eight townships out of forty-two which had received 
‘bonuses. Of these, eleven stated that the by-law adopting the Act had been 
repealed, three intimated that the Act was unpopular and its operations unsatis- 
factory, ten were to the effect that the people were indifferent and not likely to 
avail themselves further of the measure, nine expressed themselves satisfied with 
the Act and anticipated further claims under it, and five were dubious and 
indefinite. Answers received from two towns and one village expressed satisfac- 
tion with the Act, and from one village stated that the people were not likely to 
take further advantage of it. 


Among the numerous reasons assigned why the Act is not more generally 
adopted and why in many cases it has failed to work satisfactorily when put in 
operation, are the following: 


Ist. The delay of three years which must elapse between the planting of the 
trees and the receipt of the Government bonus. 


2nd. Objections on the part of those who do not propose to take advantage 
of the Act, to the outlay of public money on what they regard as a private 
benefit. 


3rd. The discouragements sustained by many who have planted trees on the 
highway from their destruction by cattle and the want of adequate protection. 

4th. The desire of many landowners to retain full control of the trees planted 
by them, with power to cut them down should they see fit, which they would 
lose by accepting the bonus. 


5th. The preference among many who set out trees, for location, modes of 
planting, etc., not in accordance with the Act. 


6th. Lack of information in many cases as to the details or even the exist- 
ence of the Act. 


7th. The extent of roadside planting carried on irrespective of legislation, 
which in many localities renders the Act superfluous. 


44, 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


eee ot ee ee ee 


Sth. Objections to roadside trees, more especially in localities where the 
roads are narrow and the soil heavy, on the ground that their shade keeps the 
roads wet and muddy and injures the crops. 


I do not present these reasons as being conclusive arguments against either 
the principle or the working of the Act, but simply as indicative of public opinion 
in regard to a measure which, being permissive in its character, is only valuable 
so far as it can obtain an active public support. It is quite evident that the 
Ontario Tree Planting Act of 1883 has fallen far short of realizing the expecta- 
tions entertained at its adoption. The failure to commend itself to the public is 
demonstrated by the fact that although during the period of its operation there 
has been an extended and increasing interest in tree planting, only a very small 
proportion of the municipalities have thought it worth while to pass the by-laws 
necessary to bring it into force in their respective localities, and that, even in the 
majority of cases in which this has been done, such legislation has either been 
subsequently repealed or allowed to become a dead letter. 


In view of these conditions I therefore venture to recommend that the sec- 
tions of the Ontario Tree Planting Act of 1883, which provide for the payment 
from the Provincial treasury of one-half the amount of bonus paid by munici- 
palities for tree planting be repealed, due regard being had to the rights of those 
whose claims on account of trees already planted under their provisions may 
mature within the next three years. 


I have the honor to be, sir, 


Your obedient servant, 


THOMAS SOUTHWORTH, 
Clerk of Forestry for Ontario. 


In view of the iaadequacy of the method of planting trees in isolated lines, 
as a means of either modifying the climate, maintaining the timber supply, or 
regulating the distribution of moisture, the Bureau had in contemplation the 
recommendation of a more comprehensive system based upon the principles of 
forestry for encouraging the planting of trees in masses. It was, however, found 
impracticable to do this at the present time owing to the lack of the information 
necessary in framing a well-considered plan of this kind, more particularly as to 
the localities where reforesting is specially desirable. The returns compiled from 
the township assessment rolls furnished by the Bureau of Industries, which pur- 


45 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


port to give the respective areas of cleared, waste and wooded land, are largely 
- unreliable, as in many instances the assessors do not discriminate between wooded 
land and waste—much partially cleared or uncultivated land which should cor- 
rectly be classed as waste being entered as woodland. A circular on the subject 
was sent by the Bureau to the township clerks last December, requesting them to. 
call the attention of the assessors to the desirability of greater accuracy in classi- 
fication, and judging from the replies received there is reason to hope that future 
returns will be more correct. Any scheme for reforesting should be prepared 
with a knowledge of the comparative needs of the different localities of the Pro- 
vince, as though over-clearance has left in many of the older counties but a very 
small percentage of land in timber—other well-settled localities have still a fair 
proportion of wooded land as compared with cleared. In response to the circu- 
lars sent out, various plans for the encouragement of tree-planting have been sub- 
mitted. One which appears feasible and has been successfully carried into effect. 
in Kansas and other Western States is the supplying by the Government of trees. 
cheaply or free of cost to be planted in accordance with rules laid down by the 
Department. The Bureau has begun enquiries as to the cost of furnishing sup- 
plies in quantity of the most suitable species. Until, however, more information. 
is obtained on these points it will be impossible to present a thoroughly matured. 
plan. It is hoped, however, that this can be done before the next session of the: 
Legislature. 


While the Ontario Tree Planting Act was a failure in some respects, it was 
ascertained that one clause of it, that settling the ownership of trees planted on 
highways, ete., by the owners of adjoining property had been found very satistac- 
tory in those municipalities where the Act had been brought into operation. In 
amending the Act it seemed to be desirable that this feature should become 
operative throughout the Province instead of being confined to those municipali- 
ties which had passed by-laws taking advantage of the Act. Letters had been 
received by the Bureau from various sections complaining of depredations com- 
mitted upon shade trees by employees of telegraph, telephone and other electric 
companies and asking information as to the right to recover damages. In the 
municipalities which had not adopted the Act a doubt existed as to whether any 
such legal right could be maintained, with the result that the damage went on 
unchecked. In the recommendations made by the Bureau to the Department it. | 
was advised that in amending the Act the clauses giving adjoining property- 
owners rights of ownership over trees grown in the highway be retained and 
made generally applicable irrespective of municipal action, but subject to the pro~ 
visions of the Municipal Act in that respect, which give municipalities power to 
regulate and control the planting of trees. 


46 


§9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 4(). A, 1896 


At the last Session of the Ontario Legislature, in accordance with this 
recommendation the Ontario Tree Planting Act, 1883, with amendments, was 


repealed and the following measure substituted : 


AN ACT REVISING AND CONSOLIDATING THE ACTS TO 
ENCOURAGE THE PLANTING AND GROWING OF TREES. 


ER Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legisla- 
tive Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows :— 


1. This Act may be cited as The Ontario Tree.Planting Act, Short.title. 
BAG Rat. Or 18s (reel Iasi : 


2.—(1) A person owning land adjacent to any highway, public Planting trees 
street, lane, alley, place or square in this Province, may plant trees on seit ak 
the portion thereof contiguous to his land, but no tree shall be so 
planted that the same is or may become a nuisance in the highway or 
other public thoroughfare, or obstruct the fair and reasonable use of 
the same. 


(2) Any owner of a farm or lot may, with the consent of the Trees on 
owner or owners of adjoining lands, plant trees on the boundaries of ea 
the adjoining lot. 


(3) Every tree so planted on such highway, street, lane, alley, Property in 
place or square shall be deemed to be the property of the owner of the be cad 
lands adjacent to such highway, street, lane, alley, place or square, and 
nearest to such tree, and every such tree so planted on a boundary 
line aforesaid shall be deemed to be the common property of the 


owners of the adjoining farms or lots. 


(4) Every growing tree, shrub or sapling whatsoever, planted or Property in 
left standing on either side of a highway for the purposes of shade or sn Sah 
ornament, shall be deemed to be the property of the owner of the land trees. 
adjacent to the highway and nearest to such tree, shrub or sapling. 


fume Oo2 1887, en 2015 52 3: 


3.—(1) The council of any municipality may pass a by-law for Municipal by- 
r ee : laws for grant- 
paying out of municipal funds a bonus or premium not exceeding ing tree 
twenty-five cents for each and every ash, basswood, beech, birch, bonuses. 
butternut, cedar, cherry, chestnut, elm, hickory, maple, oak, pine, 
sassafras, spruce, walnut or whitewood tree, which shall, under the 
provisions of this Act, be planted within such municipality on any 
highway, or on any boundary line of farms as aforesaid, or within six 
feet of such boundary. ¢ 


(2) Such by-law may further provide for the appointment of an Inspector of 
inspector of trees so planted; for their due protection against injury ‘T° 
and against removal by any person or persons, including the owner, 
excepting as authority may be given therefor, by special resolution of 
the council; for the conditions on which bonuses may be paid, and 
generally for such regulations as are authorized by sub-sections 20 
and 20a of section 479 of The Consolidated Municipal Act, 1892. BDV. c, 42, 


47 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Report of 4. The inspector shall make to the council one report for each 
eee eo tens, Year, if required so to do, giving the names of all persons entitled to 
’ any bonus or premium under the by-law, the number of trees of each 
species planted, and the amount of bonus or premium to which each 
person is entitled, and certifying that the trees have been planted for 
a period of three years and that they are alive, healthy and of good 
form ; and upon the adoption of such report the bonuses or premiums 
shall be paid; provided that in no case shall the council be liable to 
pay a larger sum in respect of trees planted under this Act than would 
be payable if the same had been planted at a distance of thirty feet 
apart, and in no case shall a bonus be granted where the trees are less 
than fifteen feet apart. R.S. O., ¢. 201,8.5; 53 V. c. 60,s. 1. 


Right of re- 5. Where a municipality has, prior to the passing of this Act, 
pind from jr passed a by-law under the authority of section 4 of The Ontario Tree 
bonuses paid Planting Act for granting bonuses for tree planting and has paid or 
sana former has become liable under the said by-law for the payment of any pre- 
mium or bonus with respect to trees planted prior to the passing of 
this Act, the Treasurer of the Province, out of any sum which may be 
voted by the Legislature for that purpose, upon receiving a copy of 
the inspector's report, certified by the reeve and clerk, may recoup to 
the treasurer of the municipality one-half of the sum paid by the 
municipality under the said by-law, the said report to be forwarded 
to the Treasurer on or before the lst day of November in each year. 


Penalties for 6.—(1) Any person who ties or fastens any animal to or injures 

BO obwaye, or destroys a tree planted and growing upon any road or highway, or 
upon any public street, lane, alley, place or square in this Province (or 
upon any boundary line of farms, if. any such bonus or premium as 
atoresaid has been paid therefor) or suffers or permits any animal in 
his charge to injure or destroy or who cuts down or removes any such 
tree without having first obtained permission so to do by special 
resolution of the council of the municipality, shall, upon conviction 
thereof before a justice of the peace, forfeit and pay such sum of 
money, not exceeding $25 besides costs, as such justice may award, 
and in default of payment the same may be levied on the goods and 
chattels of the person offending, or such person may be imprisoned in 
the common gaol of the county within which the municipality is 
situate for a period not exceeding thirty days. 


(2) One-half of such fine shall go to the person laying the infor- 
mation, and the other half to the municipality within which such 
tree was growing. R. 58. O., 1887, ¢. 210, 8. 8. 


Injuring trees 5 %. Any person who ties or fastens any animal to, or injures or 

ra boundary destroys any tree growing for the purposes of shade or ornameut upon 
any boundary line between farms or lots, or who suffers or permits 
any animal in his charge to injure or destroy or who cuts down or 
removes any such tree, without the consent of the owner or owners of 
such tree, shall be subject to the like penalties and liable to be pro- 
ceeded against and dealt with as provided in the preceding section. 
Rass Qelesy i ce201y sac), 


48 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 
8. The council of every municipality may pass by-laws : Municipal 


-laws. 
(1) To regulate the planting of trees upon the public highway ; Pei 


(2) To prohibit the planting upon the public highways of any 
species of trees which they may deem unsuited for that purpose ; 


(3) To provide for the removal of trees which may be planted on 
the public highway contrary to the provisions of any such by-law. 
R.S. O., ¢. 201, s. 10. 


9. The Ontario Tree Planting Act and the Act passed in the Rev. Stat. c. 


oe uty : Ren 2 : 201, and 53 V. 
58rd year of Her Majesty's reign, chaptered 60, are repealed. é 60 repealen 


TREE PLANTING INDEPENDENT OF THE ACT. 


In order to ascertain the extent to which tree planting had been carried on 
throughout the country independent of the inducements held out by the Ontario 
Tree Planting Act, the circulars sent to the townships which had not up to the 
end of the year 1894 drawn any bonuses from the Provincial Treasury under its 
provisions, requested answers to the following questions : ; 

“ Have any trees been planted on highways or on farm boundaries, and if 
so, with what success ? ” 

“What species have flourished best and are regarded as most satisfactory for 
purposes of shade and ornament ? ” 

So far as can be judged from the 288 answers received, many of which are 
indefinite upon this point, the planting of forest trees on or near highways, on 
farm boundaries and in other situations than immediately around the farm build- 
ings, has been undertaken to a fair or considerable extent in 152 townships, and 
to a small extent in seventy-three others. Reports from fifty-four show that no 
planting of the kind hag been done. In many of the latter the reason assigned 
is that there is a heavy natural growth of trees along the roadsides, or that the 
country has been but newly settled. The answers are surprisingly encouraging 
as to the success of tree planting on the highways in nearly all cases, instances of 
failure being altogether exceptional, and usually attributable to the prevalence of 
drought during the seasons in which the trees were planted. It is difficult to 
give any classification under this head, as in some cases the failure is only partial 
—trees set out at one time or in a particular locality having failed, while others 
in the same municipality are doing well. But the failures, total and partial 
together, amount to but a small percentage. 

Most of the answers express satisfaction with the results of tree planting, 
but some are disposed to consider the growing of trees along roadsides and farm 
boundaries a mistake, fearing that when the trees attain maturity the crops will 
be injured by too much shade. Crops cannot be successfully grown immediately 
under large trees, but there are very few farms indeed in this country so closely — 
cultivated as to utilize every square yard of soil, tracts considerably larger than 

4 E.R 49 


s 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


the narrow strip which would be overshaded by a row of trees being left unpro- 
ductive in almost every instance. The most obvious way of meeting the diffi- 
culty is to leave a margin underneath the trees unsown rather than dispense with 
them. The apparent loss will be more than compensated by the benefit 
received by the rest of the field from the protection of the trees acting as a wind- 
break. 

In an overwhelming majority of cases the preference of those who have 
planted trees is for the maple. In most of the answers, in fact, it is the only tree 
mentioned as being planted, and where the planting has embraced several vari- 
eties it is nearly always given the first place. Where the distinction is drawn 
between the hard and soft maple the latter appears to be slightly the most pop- 
ular—doubtless by reason of its quick growth. The only other hardwood tree 
which finds any general favor is the elm. Ina few municipalities horse chest- 
nut, ash, basswood and poplar are mentioned as having been used, but the latter 
tree is not regarded as satisfactory on account of its wide-spreading roots. Among 
evergreens, spruce is the favorite, the next in popularity being cedar. 


ARBor DAY. 


The following questions as to the observance of Arbor Day by the schools 
and the planting of the school grounds with trees were submitted : 

“Has Arbor Day been observed in your municipality? Have many trees 
been planted in school grounds ? If so, how many of them lived ?” 

Answers to all or some of these questions were received from the clerks of 
305 townships and 122 other municipalities. These indicate that in a majority 
of the schools the day is commemorated and more or less tree planting done, so 
far as opportunity offers. The results, however, have tallen very far short of 
what might have been accomplished had the work been more systematically and 
intelligently undertaken. The day appears to be generally observed by the 
schools in 211 of the municipalities, while in 129 others it has been sometimes or 
partially recognized. In eighty-six it has been ignored altogether, but it must 
be noted that these are in nearly all instances situated in the newer or more 
sparsely settled portions of the Province, where less necessity for tree plant- 
ing exists. In most cases the observance takes the form of planting trees 
about the school grounds, but in some localities little if any tree planting is done, 
and the day is devoted to setting out flowers or cleaning up the grounds. Ina 
number of the municipalities, especially in the older towns and villages the 
grounds have been for years well-shaded, or else are so limited in area that there 
is little need or opportunity for setting out trees excepting to replace such as 
may have died during the year. The most disappointing feature of the returns 
is the poor results of the work actually performed in securing a permanent and 
healthy growth of trees. A very large proportion of the trees planted on Arbor 


50 


59 Victoria. Sessicnal Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Day appear to die shortly afterwards, either from having been improperly 
planted, from subsequent lack of proper care and attention, or from injuries 
wantonly inflicted or caused by the lack of adequate protection. 

Teachers as a rule—in common with the general public—do not sufficiently 
realize the need of care and: preparation in tree-planting. The general idea is 
that all that is necessary is to dig a hole in the ground, put in the tree, and fill 
it up again. Arbor Day exercises are too often conducted on this plan, no care 
being taken to prepare or manure the ground or to see that the precautions 
which a skilled gardener or nurseryman would adopt are observed. The saplings 
are perhaps planted, after they have been exposed to the air until their roots are 
dry, in a bed of hard clay or thin sandy soil with their roots crowded in anyhow 
instead of being properly expanded and the soil well shaken into the interstices, 
They are probably watered once or twice and then left to take their chance 
through the droughts of summer, and a very slim chance it is likely to be. 
Obviously where trees are planted on a play ground or adjacent streets and lanes 
they need to be surrounded with tree-guards to protect them against continual 
pushing and the danger of accidental mutilation or injury: It is too commonly 
the case that the interest of teachers and pupils in the growth of the school yard 
trees ceases with the Arbor Day ceremonial and that the unfortunate saplings 
are either left to perish of drought before they have fairly obtained a foothold 
in the soil, or being without guards, are so damaged by rough and thoughtless 
school boys that they either die outright or linger on, it may be, for a few years 
in a stunted and unsightly form. 


Notwithstanding all these drawbacks, the answers received show a marked 
advance of publie opinion on the subject. In the great majority of cases the 
attempt has at least been made to beautify the school grounds by tree-planting. 
In 240 municipalities, so far as can be judged from the wording of the answers, 
the grounds about the school-houses have been planted with trees. In 106 others 
there has been planting to a limited extent, and in forty-six no trees have been 
set out. So far as the answers respecting the success of tree-planting admit of 
classification, the results have been thoroughly satisfactory in 132 instances, and 
fairly so in fifty-two more. In seventy-eight municipalities the planting has 
been decidedly unsuccessful, while in eighty-six cases the answers to the questions 
are so vague and indefinite as to afford little or no indication as to the actual 
facts of the situation. It may fairly be presumed that in the most of such 
instances tree-planting has not proved a marked success. 


Arbor Day it must be borne in mind is a comparatively recent institution 
and in some instances where the answers note a thriving growth of trees around 
the school-grounds it is mentioned that the planting was done by the trustees 
some time since. While it is not therefore possible to say how much of the 


improvement in the condition of school-grounds is due to the institution of Arbor 
51 | 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Day, there is no doubt that at least it has accomplished something in encouraging » 
the planting of trees and developing among the pupils of our public schools the 
love of natural beauty. The defects in the system as at present pursued can 
be easily remedied. 


In the first place teachers should receive brief and elementary instructions 
as to how to plant and care for trees, so that the mistakes so frequently made at 
the outset may for the future be avoided. Then all trees planted on Arbor Day 
or at any other time about the school grounds should be surrounded with a 
wooden or wire tree-guard to protect them from the otherwise almost inevitable 
consequences of exposure in a neighborhood where they are specially liable to be 
injured by rough and careless handling during schoolboy games. The general 
observance of the day will, no doubt, have a tendency to make public school 
pupils more careful, and by imparting an interest in trees lessen considerably 
the danger from wanton and malicious injury, but whatever progress may be 
made in this direction it will always be necessary to protect young trees during 
the first few years against accident. 


DECREASE OF THE WATER SUPPLY. 


Answers to the questions, “ How does the supply of water now obtainable 
from natural streams during the summer compare with that formerly existing ? 
If any marked change has taken place, to what do you attribute it ?”—were 
received from 267 townships. The general tenor of these replies, most of which 
are very positive, fully bears out the conclusion that in most of the longer-settled 
portions of the province, as well as in many parts where forest clearance has 
been by no means so general, the cutting down of the timber about the head- 
waters and along the banks of water-courses has resulted in a growing scarcity 
of water during the summer months. This change in the climatic conditions has 
attained such proportions as to be a serious cause of loss and inconvenience in 
most seasons. The injury to crops from the protracted droughts which of late 
years have become of frequent occurrence has been very great, and farmers in 
many localities formerly sure of a never-failing supply of water, often find them- 
selves compelled to go miles during the dry season to obtain sufficient for their 
stock. Testimony is general and emphatic as to the operation of these causes 
in altering the climate of Ontario for the worse. The most serious feature of 
the situation as affecting agriculture seems to be that the evil is increasing in 
intensity year by year in proportion as the work of indiscriminate clearing goes 
on unchecked, and large tracts, which owing to their natural situation ought to 
be left in timber, are stripped of vegetation. 

A considerable decrease of the water supply from natural streams is indi- 
cated by the replies from 171 townships; while in twenty-two instances the 


falling off appears to be but slight ; in fifty-six cases no marked change is report- 
52 


~ 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


ed; while the answers from seven townships are to the effect that water is more 
plentiful than formerly ; eleven answers are too indefinite for classification. In 
by far the larger number of cases the diminution in the water supply owing to 
the lessening in volume or drying up of the streams is attributed to the clearing of 
the forests, eighty-eight answers giving this as the cause. The extensive drainage 
operations carried on, especially in low-lying and swampy parts of the country 
are assigned as the reason in twenty-nine instances and thirty-five replies, 
give both clearing and drainage as the causes of the decrease. In thirty-six 
answers, no cause is given. In the seven townships in which the supply is more 
plentiful than formerly, the reason generally assigned is some peculiar local condi- 
‘tion, such as the flow of drainage from some adjoining section, the deepening of 
streams or the construction of dams. One instance, however, is worthy of special 
mention as a conclusive proof of what can be accomplished by re-forestation in 
restoring conditions more favorable to agriculture than those generally prevailing. 
“ About forty years ago,” writes Mr. William Gorman, Clerk of the Township 
of Grattan, “a great fire ran over the greater part of this section, and it was 
noticeable for a number of years that the water in our streams was less than 
formerly. But a second growth of trees has grown up on all the waste and 
unoccupied lands since. I believe in some measure to this may be attributed almost 
-as plentiful a supply of water in our streams as fifty years ago when this sec- 
tion was all forest and lakes.” This instance, where nature has been left unassist- 
ed to restore the equilibrium and re-clothe the devastated region, affords a striking 
evidence of what might be accomplished in many other parts where conditions 
-are similar, by the replanting of waste lands which have been stripped of their 
timber by fire or the axe of the lumberman. The spontaneous springing up of a 
second growth, which in the instance specified, has wrought so beneficial a change, 
cannot always be depended on. It is apt to be tardy and uncertain, especially 
in localities where the situation is elevated and the soil light or stony, which as 
a rule, are precisely the areas where re-forestation will accomplish the most good 
and are the least available for agricultural purposes. Moreover if instead of 
leaving the work to the slow progress of nature, these barren uplands and hill- 
sides were replanted, timber of a much more valuable character than the generally 
poor quality of wood which takes the place of the pines and hardwood of a fire- 
swept region would be secured. 


53 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40), A. 1886 


FORESTRY ON THE FARM. 


The essential difference between the work to be accomplished in the direction 
of forestry in ‘the settled as compared with the unsettled portions of the Province 
is that while the preservation of the existing forests under public control can be 
eftected by a few comprehensive changes in the law or administrative measures, 
the means to be adopted for the restoration of the woodlands in settled localities 
must be largely of an educational character. Legislation may do much in pro- 
viding assistance and formulating a system under which the work can be carried 
on more economically and effectively than by unaided individual effort. But in a 
country where the rights of private property owners are so fully recognized as in 
Canada, the first and foremost requisite to the adoption of any comprehensive 
scheme of sylviculture as distinguished from governmental forestry operations is 
to convince the farmers and other rural land owners of its desirability. It is 
satisfactory to note that public opinion during the last few years has been rapidly 
coming to a realization of the necessity of preserving or replacing the woodland 
as a-means of maintaining desirable climatic conditions. ‘lhe heavy floods which 
now generally prevail in the spring as soon as the snow has melted—which have 
been particularly destructive this season by reason of the depth of snow—and the 
ensuing droughts of the summer have done much to force the subject upon public 
attention. The work done in this Province in connection with forestry, bemg 
mainly of an educational nature, has familiarized all fairly educated and intelli- 
gent men with the cause of these unfavorable changes, and thus paved the way 
towards practical action. The exhaustion of the fuel supply has also been 
seriously felt in many of the older counties. In short, the whole matter has been 
brought practically home to the people of the country districts as never before, 
and the more prudent and progressive farmers fully appreciate the need of con- 
serving such remains of the forest as they possess. 

Where there are a few acres remaining wholly or partially in timber, it is a 
comparatively easy matter to preserve them as woodland, provided the stock are 
kept out. In most instances, farmers, from mistaken ideas of economy, are apt 
to use the wood-lot, after it has been thinned out by cutting for fuel and has been 
partially overgrown with grass, as a pasture ground. This effectually prevents 
the forest reproducing itself, as it would do if properly managed. The stock 
trample down and consume the young seedlings and underbrush, and injure the 
exposed roots of the older trees, causing their premature decay. As the wood-lot 
is continually drawn upon for fuel, the grass-covered spaces between the remain- 
ing trees grow larger, and no young saplings spring up to take the places of the 
trees removed, and in a short time there is little left but a few stunted or rotting 
trees. If the cattle and sheep had been fenced out, a new forest growth would 
speedily have covered the ground in most places, and if, in addition, a little labor 


54 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). "A, 1896 


had been bestowed in replanting any vacant spots remaining and thinning out. 
the young trees where they grew too thickly, the productive capacity of the lot 
as a source of wood supply would have been maintained. It is always easier to 
preserve a remnant of forest than to undertake a new plantation, as the old trees 
furnish the best possible protection for the newer growth, and the soil, retaining 
something of the forest character, renders the work of man merely supplementary 
to that of nature. This subject is dealt with at length in a paper on “ The Plant- 
ing and Management of Woods,” by Mr. A. Kirkwood, given in this volume. 

The preservation in timber of existing woodlands throughout the cleared dis- 
tricts, though highly desirable, both inthe interests of the proprietors and of the com- 
munity,even if generally undertaken, would go but a short distance towards repair- 
ing the injury already done by over-clearing and providing an adequate supply of 
timber for future needs. The farmer or land owner possessed of tracts of land, which 
from the soil or situation are not adapted to tillage, should turn his attention to tree- 
planting as a commercial investment. At first sight no doubt such a suggestion 
may appear absurd to the farmer of the old school, who has taken little note of 
the great economic changes of the last generation. Having been trained to cut 
down trees at a time when trees were valueless and wheat dear, he has kept on 
in the same groove, regardless of the fact that trees are becoming increasingly 
valuable as wheat grows cheap. Though the depression in agricultural produce. 
has forced itself upon him, he has not yet realized the other factor of the situa- 
tion, viz., the increasing scarcity and dearness of timber. The business of farm- 
ing is one which requires as much foresight, calculation and close observation of 
the tendencies of trade and social development on a large scale as does that of 
the merchant or the manufacturer, but it is too often the case that the farmer 
limits his forecast to the coming harvest and takes little thought of those gradual 
though sweeping changes which affect the conditions of his calling and render the 
old ways unprofitable. There are large areas upon which, whatever might once 
have been the case, it will no longer pay to grow grain, but where it will pay to 
raise trees, where the timber as a merchantable commodity will yield enough to 
give a handsome profit on the expense of planting and preservation in addition 
to the advantages of shelter and ornament afforded while growing. 

The objection often raised to the proposal is that forest trees are a crop of 
such slow growth that the man in middle life who plants them is not likely to 
live long enough to reap the benefit. Supposing this were the case, the same is 
true of the most expensive commercial and industrial enterprises in which shrewd 
and farseeing business men engage. It is rarely that a man who builds houses to 
rent gets back his money with interest during his lifetime, or that the manufacturer 
or investor in railroad or mining stocks ‘are recouped for their outlay in the 
course of twenty or thirty-five years, except in case of speculative investment. 
where they run great risk of losing everything. In all investments where the 


55 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


return is reasonably certain the yield is so small that the capitalist cannot expect 
to draw, during his life, in profit or interest the amount embarked. In most 
cases he has no such expectation. He is satisfied to know that his capital is safe 
and increasing, so that he may leave a provision for his family. It is precisely 
this large and farsighted way of looking at things, making plans for many years 
ahead and sacrificing immediate returns to the success of projects which may 
mature in the faraway future, which gives the business man and manufacturer 
so great an advantage over the farmer, who, as a rule, only looks twelve months 
ahead. It is true that the farmer realizes that agriculture,in these days of com- 
petition, is a business requiring as keen foresight and as shrewd an appreciation 
of the laws of supply and demand as any other business, that if he persists in 
the attempt to manufacture wheat, where natural conditions combined with 
market requirements demand the manufacture of wood, he has no more right 
to expect success than any other manufacturer who blindly disregards economic 
laws. 7 

But it is not true by any means that timber growing is an investment purely 
for the benefit of the next generation. In the first place, the farmer who plants 
trees will ina very few years have the advantage of the protection they will afford 
to his crops in the adjoining fields. Acting as windbreaks and distributors of 
moisture they will, in proportion to the extent of the plantation, mitigate the 
extremes of the weather and break the force of parching or blighting winds. Apart 
altogether from their value as timber, they will beautify and render attractive, 
the farm, which, should the owner wish to dispose of it, will considerably enhance 
the price. While such esthetic considerations undoubtedly have their place in 
the discussion of the subject, there are some writers who are disposed to push them 
altogether too far and whose utterances give the impression that they regard a 
wood lot as something never to be touched wtih the axe. Scientific forestry has 
no sympathy with this idea. The wood lot, like the forest, should be treated so 
as to make it as productive as possible and the thoroughly matured trees should 
be cut away and the vacancies filled by new ones. 

It is worthy of note that while the growing interest in the question 1s 
manifested by the number of letters received from farmers, asking for advise and 
information as to the planting of trees for windbreaks, shade, ete., but few 
inquiries have been mace respecting the selection of varieties with a view to the 
commercial value of the timber. This is, no doubt, because of the impression as 
to the length of time which must elapse before a tree attains a commercial value. 
Recent observations and experiments have shown the fallacy of the generally 
prevalent ideas on this point. 

The period required by a tree to attain maturity, or a profitable size, under 
favorable conditions, is much shorter than popularly supposed. It has been 
found that the white pine—probably the most valuable timber-tree in Ontario— 


56 


5 va 
ae 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


the period of growth which was formerly reckoned at 175 or 200 years, will 
yield merchantable timber after forty years growth, and several other trees can be 
raised to attain saleable proportions in probably even a shorter period. The ideas 
of most farmers as to the slow growth of timber-trees have doubtless been gained 
by noting the progress of saplings in the forest. This is misleading, as young 
trees set out in the open, or in a plantation where they have abundant space and 
light, grow far more rapidly than in the woods. The forest tree has from the 
first to struggle for its life against a crowd of competitors, and the result is that 
where the tangle of underbrush is thick they retard each other's progress, and it 
is only after years of struggle that some are firmly established and the others 
crowded out. One of these saplings, if planted out when a few feet high, would 
have been well advanced towards maturity, while its rivals were still in the 
sapling stage. : 

By planting some of the valuable kinds of nut-producing trees, such as 
walnut, chestnut and hickory, the farmer can ensure an additional source of 
profit from their yield, long before maturity has been attained, as their produce 
is always in demand. But even if no incidental revenue were to be looked for, 
a consideration which every business man would appreciate is that a plantation of 
trees of such kinds as possess a commercial value is an addition to the land- 
owner's capital. Such a plantation, though only of a few years growth, and not 
likely to yield saleable timber for a generation, is nevertheless a valuable asset to 
be taken into account in estimating the value of the owner’s farm, which in- 
creases each succeeding year. It possesses a value of the same character as a life- 
insurance or endowment policy upon which several payments have been made, 
which, though the amount cannot be collected until an uncertain or remote 
period in the future, will nevertheless always bring its price in the market. 

As an instance of the comparatively rapid growth of white pine, Mr. Halla- 
day, formerly Crown Timber Agent for the Mississippi District, relates that he 
knew of a farmer cutting some young pines on his farm that had grown up since 
he bought the place thirty years previously. These trees yielded two logs each, 
the bottom log being eighteen inches at the butt and fourteen inches at the tip: 
Unfortunately the rings of the trees were not counted, though the farmer was 
positive in his statement that the trees were not there at the time he bought the 
farm thirty years before. 

Hon. John D. Lyman, of New Hampshire, in one of the most practical 
articles on tree-culture that has appeared in the United States, gives some figures 
as to the growth of young pines on his place, which tend to throw new light on 
this question. Referring to a group of trees, shown by their annual rings to be 
about forty-seven years old, Mr. Lyman remarks: “These trees, by proper 
pruning and thinning, would, I think, have been at least seventy-five feet in 
height, about fourteen inches in diameter four feet from the ground: the twenty- 


57 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). | A. 1896 


foot butt logs, almost perfectly clear from knots, with some 60,000 or more feet of 
excellent round-edged inch boards to the acre.” Mr. Lyman also gives the fol- 
lowing account of another lot of pines standing on 108 square rods of land pur- 
chased by him as abandoned farm land, the young growth having been first 
observed by him in 1870: 


Although but little if any over five miles from the large village of Farming- 
ton and close by the road in New Durham, it is not thought by the,best judges 
there that I could have sold these pines and the land upon which they stand, when 
I first noticed them, for two dollars. Probably in 1872 or 73, I showed to Hon. 
I. P. Berry, who lives near, the thicket, and showing him how I would like to 
have them thinned, he did it admirably and took the bean-poles, stakes, fence- 
poles and wood which he cut out for his pay. They ought to have been thinned 
earlier. After this first thinning they were neglected for five or seven years. 
They had in this time grown quite fast and become crowded with live tops too 
small for continued rapid growth. Mr. Berry has often thinned them since, but 
I have never been able to overcome the injury done them by their not having 
been thinned at an earlier age than was their first thinning, and the long neglect 
immediately following that first thinning. Two years ago I cut one of the trees. 
to find its height, size and age. It had in the stump either thirty-nine or forty 
annual rings, | am not sure which. 


Not being quite able to agree with the chief of the Bureau of Forestry under 
the government at Washington, upon various points in the growing of timber as 
a crop, the chief sent Austin Cary Esq., to see and measure my pines, and he pro- 
nounced them as excelling any lot he had seen, and the chief upon receiving the 
report of the measurements declared them of exceptional growth and desired that 
one of the pines be felled and sections cut out at each ten feet and forwarded to: 
him at Washington. Both chief and agent, Austin Cary, thought from their size 
that they must be much more than forty-five years old. The sections have been 
procured and forwarded. The pine sawed down had fifty-four annual rings at 
the stump where it averaged nineteen and a half inches in diameter. Its height 
was eighty feet. Its diameter at each ten feet inside the bark and its annual 
rings are as follows: 


Diameter up 10 feet—i4 inches............ No. of rings 46. 
3 PAO ES Ra Rog MES ei Ae EL aS fy ease 8 
s SO tires | Dae eg Sepkaete tome scegetereeers 3 Mele Ode 
AUS Roniaa Et at setae eta ae, MAIS ye fens) (OP OD: 
i BOs ike ES hee eae octet aoe a Katana 
S GORI ioe ay eke tale at ee tet ae + Hyde a hisy 
i 6 On neha ais Kms Cea Ak ie | fs RN IKC 0 


One of the smallest on the lot was felled and forty-three grains or rings were 
found in the stump where it was eleven and a half inches in diameter, and -its 
height was seventy-two and a half feet. Their average age is not far from fifty 
years—perhaps nearer forty-eight years. 


In January of this year a letter appeared in the New Jersey Forester from 
Mr. T. B. Coursey, of Frederica, Delaware, from which the following is an 
extract : 

I bought a farm near this place in 1839, and in 1840 planted chestnut, wal- 
nut and pine trees on about eight acres. I was then in my thirty-fourth year, 


and have been cutting the timber for fuel and sawlogs for over twenty-five years. 
58 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


The first growth of pine and chestnut have been mostly cut, but I have chestnuts 
still standing of my own planting that measure nine feet and six inches in cir- 
cumference at the butt and six feet in circumference thirty feet from the ground, 
making three sawlogs each fifteen feet in length. I would still have some of my 
first growth of pine had I not allowed a friend to cut them for piling some years. 
ago. He said that he could not find others tall enough to fill his order. I think 
they were eighty feet in length. At any rate, 1 have some second growth pine, 
which came from seed of the first growth, that are seventy-five feet high. 


But little has been so far done in the way of replanting except upon road- 
sides or in lines along farm boundaries to serve the purpose of wind-breaks. 
Among those who have set out plantations of trees may be mentioned Thomas 
Conant, Oshawa; Allan Pringle, Selby ; George Gooderham, Toronto, and T. M. 
Grover, Norwood, all of whom have met with gratifying success in their opera- 
tions and done much to demonstrate by their example the advantages of sylvi- 
culture. 

The setting out of trees in lines along highways or elsewhere, as pro- 
vided for by the Ontario Tree Planting Act of 1883, though desirable for pur- 
poses of shade and adornment, can have little effect upon the climate or water 
storage, and will not produce commercially valuable timber. The repeal of the 
bonus provision, therefore, which had been taken advantage of to a very limited 
extent, is in no respect a backward step, but rather clears the way for more com- 
prehensive legislation in accordance with the aims and principles of forestry. 


59 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


“ 


WHAT TREES SHALL WE PLANT? 


In considering the planting of trees for prospective profit in addition to the 
incidental effect on rainfall and climate, the questions requiring most attention 
are the selection of the lot to be planted and the choice of the varieties of trees 
to plant. Among the considerations determining the latter should be their adap- 
tation to the character of the soil and other loca] conditions. Every farmer of course 
is fully aware of how much depends on the nature of the ground in growing 
ordinary farm crops, and would not attempt to raise any sort of cereal or veget- 
able in soil which experience had shown to be manifestly unsuited for it. To a 
large extent the same principle holds good in the case of tree-growing, and in 
undertaking to form a plantation the first essential is to be sure that the require- 
ments of the varieties selected are suited to the land set apart for the purpose: 
It may be taken for granted that in most instances the lot devoted to wood-grow- 
ing will be land of an inferior, rather than a good quality, as the latter will natur- 
ally be reserved for cultivation. While, generally speaking any tree can be got 
to grow on good land, other conditions being fairly favorable, some of the more 
valuable kinds will not flourish where the soil is decidedly of a poor quality, and 
to attempt to grow them would only result in disappointment. 

For example, where it has been decided to plant a sandy, barren waste, pines, 
will ke found more profitable than the more valuable kinds of hardwood trees 
because of their greater adaptability to the soil. The white pine, while of course 
thriving better on good rich soil will grow on comparatively poor land, where 
ash or oak would make no growth at all. Recent observations lead to the con- 
clusion that 

WHITE PINE 
will make ‘merchantable timber much sooner than is generally believed, and 
instances are not wanting to show that under favorable circumstances trees of 
this variety thirty years old have yielded good marketable timber. In fact the 
white pine is a rapid-growing tree and a valuable tree to plant, the principal 
drawback to its merits in this respect being the amount of care required in the 
earlier stages of its growth. 


THE SHELLBARK HICKORY 
is among the most desirable trees to plant for profit for the reason that it ean be 
harvested when comparatively young and its nuts are marketable. If planted 
close together the young trees taken out in thinning have a value for carriage 
work. One cut of a hickory tree six inches in diameter will make about twelve 
or fourteen spokes. In small trees of say four inches diameter, the first two cuts 
are used for spokes the rest for head-blocks and other parts of carriages. Prof. 
Budd of Iowa, advises planting the nuts of the hickory where the the trees are 
intended to remain. If planted for forest trees and not for nut-bearing purposes 
alone the same authority advises planting the nuts eight feet apart each way 


with plenty of larch or tamarack seedlings between to act as nurse trees to the 
60 . 


59 Victoria. ' Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


hickory. As they grow up the larch may be cut away and sold. The price paid 
by the makers of carriarge wheels for hickory—which is now all imported from 
the United States—is such as to afford a return equal to from twelve to fifteen 
dollars per cord, The hickory grows best on a rich deep fertile soil and while it 
will succeed on ordinary land should not be planted upon sandy or sterile soil. 

Among other valuable trees to plant in view of the increasing demand for 
their timber for manufacturing purposes are the black ash, rock elm and 
black cherry. 

Biack WALNUT 

is also extremely valuable, but it takes a long time to mature. Prof. Sargent 
estimates that a hundred years of growth would be necessary to make it mer-~ 
chantable timber, as the young wood has not that rich, dark color that gives it 
its great value, although it seems to us this is an outside estimate, 


THE Harp MAPLE, 
although principally appreciated for its sugar product and as fuel, is also a valu- 
able timber tree. It is used almost exclusively in the manufacture of shoe lasts, 
and is exported largely to Britain, where it is manufactured into mangle rollers 
and other articles. One firm in Ontario exported 100,000 maple blocks for 
mangle rollers ina year. It is also a tree of fairly rapid growth, and if planted 
close will make good timber that will not be materially injured by several sea- 
sons of tapping for sugar, while for fuel it is among the very best of our native 
woods. The soft maple, while favored by bee-keepers on account of its flowers, 
is not so valuable as a timber tree, and is shorter lived. 
Of the evergreens, next to the white pine in value for planting is the 


Norway SeRuce. 
For the purposes of shelter or as a windbreak it is very valuable, while its 
comparatively rapid growth—it grows more rapidly than our native spruces— 
makes it a valuable timber tree if planted in forest. 


THE Basswoop 

or Linden is another of our most suitable trees for planting. It is a rapid grower, 
its wood is much prized by carriage, cabinet, piano and organ makers, while its 
flowers furnish our bees with the choicest honey. Principally because of this 
latter feature one of our most prominent apiarists, Mr. Allan Pringle, of Selby, 
has planted this tree quite extensively, as has also Mr. Thos. Conant, of Oshawa, 
who, however, regards the black walnut as the more valuable tree to plant. The 
great number of uses to which this tree is put is very fully set forth in the 
article by Mr. Kirkwood in another part of this report. 


THE WHITE ELM, 
or Rock Elm; one of our most graceful and best shade trees which for streets is 
becoming yearly more valuable. The demand for the best quality of timber for 
the rims of bicycle wheels has assumed large proportions and makes it a valuable 


tree to plant. It is also used largely for wagon hubs. 
61 : 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). ' A. 1896 


PROCURING TREES FOR SMALL PLANTATIONS. 


A paper on Arbor Day of a very practical character from the pen of Sir 
Henry Joly de Lotbiniere appears in Forest Leaves, a serial published by the 
Pennsylvania Forestry Association, for April, 1896. Sir Henry’s contribution is 
especially valuable as embodying in a condensed form the results of long personal 
experience and close observation, and meeting a difficulty with which many who 
are favorably disposed towards tree culture have beer confronted in the endeavor 
to accomplish something practical in the way of reforestation. Alluding briefly 
to the question of the scarcity of wood which is making itself seriously felt in 
many parts of the Province of Quebec, the writer addresses himself to those 
desirous of planting extensively to meet future requirements. At first sight, he 
says, the task seems impossible to the large majority on account of the difficulty 
of procuring young forest trees in any large quantity or suitable condition, 
Trees dug up in the woods and transplanted, so often perish, that those who plant 
them are discouraged. They are rarely in good condition, and the process costs 
too much in loss of time if not in money. 

Sir Henry Joly’s recommendation is that instead of depending on saplings 
taken from the forest, farmers should raise their own trees from seed. His 
suggestions on this point should be carefully studied by those who contemplate 
tree-planting upon any large scale: 

“Tf you wish to have good trees in large numbers which will easily take 
root, without trouble and without expense, take them from a nursery and let 
that nursery be your own. Every farmer can establish in a corner of his garden 
a nursery of forest trees by sowing the seeds of the trees he wishes to have. 
With a little attention it is easy to tell when the seeds are ripe. Thus towards 
the end of June and early in July the seeds of the elm and those of the plane 
are ripe, if you sow them at once they will shoot up nearly a foot that same 
summer. The seeds of the maple, ash, oak, wild cherry and walnut mature in 
the autumn and it is better to sow them immediately than to keep them in the 
house all winter. Sow, let us say maple seeds half an inch deep and others in 
proportion to their size, two or three inches for nuts. Sow thickly and after the 
first year you can thin them by transplanting some. At the end of four or five 
years (more or less, for there are some kinds of trees which grow more rapidly 
than others) you can plant your young trees where they are to remain You 
should,select cloudy or rainy weather in the spring, and without going from 
home, without trouble, without breaking the roots, you can dig up and replant 
immediately without giving them time to dry, a hundred young trees which will 
certainly take root again, and you will have spent less time than it would have 
required to get five trees in the woods which may or may not live. The trees 
will cost nothing, your children will soon learn to weed them and to take care 

62 


an, 


/ 


89 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


of them with pleasure if you encourage them a little by your example. At home 
the young children amuse themselves of their own accord in planting acorns and 
in seeing the little oaks grow. By means of seeds you can procure without 
expense an unlimited number of trees and plant little by little all your land 
which is unfit for cultivation and which should have been left in wood.” 

The writer adds a needed warning as to the necessity of fencing the nursery 
and the young plantation so as to protect them from the ravages of cattle. He 
goes on to say that in many cases even the trouble of sowing can be saved owing 
to the profusion with which seedlings spring up where the ground is favorable. 
The transplantation of these when the ground is damp will often succeed better 
than sowing, especially with the elm, the seeds of which are small and delicate. 
Pine seed also is difficult to gather. and if little seedlings are transplanted in 
early spring and sheltered from the sun until well rooted it is preferable to 
raising them from the seed. 

Sir Henry presents these conclusions as the result of many years’ investiga- 
tion as to the least expensive and surest means of restoring the woods, and his 
acknowledged position as an authority on all matters connected with forestry 
and sylviculture render his observations of great value. 


USES FOR FOREST PRODUCTS. 


With the present rapid progress in industrial development new uses are 
continually being discovered for forest products. Woods that a short time ago 
were regarded as useful merely for fuel, are now becoming valuable in the 
mechanic arts. The changes that have recently taken place in this direction 
are so important, in view of the variety of our natural timber products, as to 
alter very materially for the better, any estimate that may be made of the total 
value of our forest resources. A few of these new factors in the calculation may 
briefly be noticed. 

The substitution of steel and iron to a large extent in the construction of 
ships and buildings has lessened the demand for oak for these purposes, but the 
scarcity of black walnut and rosewood helped to cause a change in the fashion 
in furniture. Oak became the popular material and in consequence this wood is 
in greater demand than ever. Hickory is another wood that is also becoming 
more valuable. Where it was formerly used only for handles for axes and other 
tools, its present consumption in the manufacture of carriages has reached 
enormous dimensions. A new use for this timber is in the manufacture of 
handle-bars for bicycles, which are likely to be made in future from hickory 


instead of steel tubing. The bicycle, which seems to be effecting a revolution in 


business in many ways, has furthermore created a heavy demand for rock elm 
63 


59 Victoria. - Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


which is required for the manufacture of rims. As only a small percentage of 
the timber is good enough for the purpose, the increase in the total cut caused. 
by this new demand is very large. 

By far the most significant and far-reaching change, however, arises from 
the rapid and extensive growth of the wood pulp and paper making industry. 
The great expansion of daily journalism in Canada and the United States has 
created an enormous demand for white paper, various kinds of wood being brought 
into requisition as the invention of new processes rendered them available for the 
purpose. With the rapid exhaustion of the forests of the United States the wood 
products of the Dominion are being more and more drawn upon to supply raw 
material for American paper mills as well as to meet an increasing home demand 
for the same purpose. The result has been to largely increase the market value 
of great areas of timber formerly held in very slight estimation. In some sec- 
tions of Canada there are extensive growths of poplar, generally considered as. 
an almost valueless tree—fit only for fuel and so inferior in quality even for 
that purpose as to be seldom used when any other was available. The discovery 
that by a chemical process the fibre of this wood could be used in the manufac- 
ture of paper caused a revolution and brought the previously despised poplar 
into the market. Another tree which, like the poplar, is apt to spring up pro- 
fusely in the wake of a forest fire, and resembles it also in its reputation for 
general inutility, is the Pinus Banksiana or “Jack” Pine. This has also been 
found to be a valuable wood for paper-making, and the large quantities of it in 
Ontario may justly be regarded as a source of future wealth. 

While poplar, basswood and jack pine are used in the manufacture of paper 
pulp by the chemical process, for the cheaper mechanical process by which most. 
of the pulp used in newspaper. making is produced, spruce is almost exclusively 
employed. The spruce forests of Ontario are of vast extent and stretch to the 
far north surrounding Hudson’s Bay. Many of these northern forests are com- 
posed exclusively of spruce trees, growing so densely that, although very old, 
they do not in some sections attain a diameter that would make them available 
for lumber. Until the rapid strides of the pulp industry drew attention to this: 
raw material awaiting the future demand these forests were not largely taken 
into account in the stock-taking of the Province. This is now changed, how- 
ever, and spruce rivals the great white pine in its value to the state. It is now 
pretty generally conceded that Canada has the largest supply of spruce, the: 
great paper-making material, in the world. As the supply in the United States 
becomes exhausted there can be no doubt that the spruce forests of Ontario will 
prove a source of wealth to the Province, the extent of which it is difficult to 
estimate. 

Besides the industrial changes that have made these woods of greater value 
than was thought possible a few years ago, improvements in the methods of 


64 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 
i EP ke erence ener 


lumbering during the past year or two have rendered available areas of timber 
land previously out of reach, and added to our national wealth vast quantities of 
forest products thought to be inaccessible to the lumberman. In taking account 
of our forest. wealth it has not been customary to consider as an asset the large 
pine area north of the “ Height of Land,”—the elevated table land from which 
our rivers flow both north and south. As the logs have-been cut in the forest, 
they have been floated down the rivers to the mills in the southern part of the 
Province. As the rivers north of the Height of Land empty into Hudson’s Bay, 
which is frozen during a great part of the year, the possibility of establishing 
mills there and seeking a northern outlet for the product was not considered, 
Recent experiments have demonstrated, however, that it is cheaper to saw the 
logs into lumber at mills placed in or near the timber limits and ship the lumber 
out by rail than to float the logs to the mills where the distance is very great. 
As an example the firm of Gilmour & Co., with very extensive mills at Trenton, 
are now building a mill at their limits in Algonquin Park, to saw up the cut 
which will then be shipped by rail over the new Ottawa and Parry Sound 
Railway. Previously these logs were floated to Trenton, the time required tor 
the transit sometimes extending to two years. The new plan is found to be more 
economical and effective. Under this system the Height of Land and the diffi- 
culty of securing an outlet for the cut of the northern region present no obstacle 
to the utilization of our extensive areas of spruce, and there are now many com- 
panies being formed to manufacture pulp in various parts of the Province. 

The uses of wood pulp are almost innumerable. Besides its main utility in the 
great paper industry it is employed in making building materials of many kinds, 
armor-plating for ships, cannons, builets, car-wheels, bicycles, pails, tubs, barrels, 
and similar articles, while another inventor has recently discovered and is now 
working a process of making silk cloth from the fibres of trees. It is said to be 
an excellent substitute for the product of the silkworm and a company with a 
large capital has been organized in England to work under the patents. 

Thus as iron or other materials are substituted for wood, new uses are found 
for the latter, any marked decline in one direction being fully made up by an 
advance elsewhere. So that from a survey of the whole industrial field there 
appears no reason to anticipate any falling off in the demand for the forest pro- 
ducts in which Ontario is so wealthy. 


Chae 65 


* 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


LUMBERING ON FORESTRY PRINCIPLES. 


The harvesting and manufacture of a timber crop in this country is in most 
cases exceedingly wasteful as compared with the methods in vogue in France, 
Germany and other European countries. There, where scientific forestry methods 
prevail, the trees are felled in such a manner as to injure the growing crop of 
trees as little as possible, and besides the logs cut for lumber or timber the tops 
and branches are utilised for fuel or other purposes. Here in America the 
lumbermen after selecting the trees, cut them down in the quickest and cheapest 
way possible, without regard to the young timber ; the main part of the tree is 
cut for logs or timber while the tops and branches are left on the ground to pro- 
vide fuel for the disastrous fire almost sure to follow and destroy what young 
trees the choppers have left standing. In addition to the vast amount of waste 
material left in the woods there is the further waste at the mills where the logs 
are sawn into lumber. 

There is one firm in Canada, however, whose methods of lumbering and 
manufacture of forest materials present a marked contrast to the operations of 
most of our lumbermen. This firm is 


THE RATHBUN COMPANY, 


with head-quarters at Deseronto, but with mills there and elsewhere. The writer 
had the pleasure of inspecting the various industries of this firm at Deseronto 
and Napanee mills, where he was very courteously received and shown around by 
Mr. E. W. Rathbun, General Manager of the Company. 

I had, in a general way, understood that the Rathbun Company employed 
methods somewhat different from most of our lumbermen and that those methods 
caused a consumption of many forest products usually considered as waste 
material and treated as such. My ideas in this respect fell far short of the 
reality. The Rathbun Company is unique in Canada if not on the continent. 
Originally a lumbering concern purely, cutting down white pine and sawing it 
into deals, they seem to have been impressed with two ideas, the attempted 
realization of which has revolutionized their business and sent it into different 
channels from that of ordinary lumbering. In the first place it became apparent 
to them that in a few years at best, with their at that time improvident but 
immediately profitable methods, the supply of white pine tributary to Deseronto 
would be gone and they would have to leave the place where they had made 
their home, and seek new fields; with the alternative of making a radical change 
in their method of working. Secondly, the enormous waste incident to the 
lumber business in Canada appealed to them as it doubtless has to other lumber- 
men, but unlike other men in the trade, they set out to find a remedy for this 


66 


59 Victoria. . Sessional Papers (No. 40}. A, 189% 


and to devise means for the profitable converting of what had formerly been 
waste material into a manufactured product, affording employment for labor and 
a profit for the capitalist. For thirty years these two ideas seem to have been 
kept in view by the Rathbun Company and the result is a vast industry, giving 


employment steadily and directly to three thousand men—indirectly to many 


more—and by its consumption of waste materials in the forest and mill adding 


greatly to the wealth of the Province. 


The Rathbun Company float logs, cut from their own limits and bought 
from settlers, down the Napanee, Moira, Salmon and Trent Rivers to Deseronto, 
and by the Madawaska and Calabogie. Considerable quantities are also brought 
in by rail, over a thousand car loads of cedar and non-floatable timber coming in 
this way yearly. I drove from Deseronto to Napanee Mills to see the annual timber 
drive which was then on the way down the Napanee river. It was not a very 
handsome lot of timber from a lumberman’s standpoint. It was composed of “all 
sorts and conditions” of logs. There were some good sticks of pine, but there was 
also every kind of log that would float, large and small, straight and crooked, 
smooth and knotty logs partly burnt, in fact everything light enough to float 
down the river. I was informed the drives coming down the other streams were 
similar in quality. Upon reaching Deseronto the logs are separated and to some 
extent classified. The cedar is taken to the cedar mill, a large and substantial 
structure where cedar, tamarac, etc., is worked up and where a large number 
of men are employed. When the logs are hau‘ed up into the mill, if large enough, 
they are sawed up into lumber, now become vere scarce. If the log is not large 
enough or good enough for lumber it may do for a couple of railway ties, in 
which case it is sawn in two and flatted, or it may make a tie and a fence post, 
or two fence posts, leaving enough over at the end for one or more blocks for 
street paving. In some cases the log has to be made into shingles, but it is a 
pretty tough stick that is not manufactured into something, if it is no more 
than steam. The saw-dust is used partly for fuel, as is that from the other 
mills, which I will further refer to. With the other logs the process is similar. 
In the case of pine and spruce, waste pieces that cannot be made into lath may 
be long enough for matches, and if so they are cut up into match splints and 
exported to England. This branch of their business, though of quite recent date, 
already gives employment to nearly one hundred hands. Short pieces of lath 
not long enough for use as lath are cut to regular lengths and sent to New York 
to be made into banana crates. Oak, maple, cherry, ash, birch, butternut, tama- 
rack, and other woods are used in ship and car building. Of the timber found — 
unfit to be sawn into any kind of lumber or square timber the worst and rough- 
est is sent to Napanee mills to be used in the Portland Cement works to 
make steam or burn lime and hydraulic cements. Other of the rough wood is 
fed to the sixteen big bee-hive furnaces or kilns and is made into charcoal and a 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


variety of other articles of commerce. A cord of wood will produce forty-five 
bushels of charcoal, and quantities of alcohol, acetate of lime, oil of tar, pitch and 
pyrolignate of iron. These ingredients are distilled from the smoke of the wood 
during carbonization in a large building erected for that purpose. Scarcely any 
wood is consumed in the process of carbonizing the contents of the kiln, as this 
is affected by means of the gas generated from the wood being carbonized, the 
generating of this gas being started by a small quantity of wood placed in a 
small arch inside the kiln. When this quantity of wood is consumed the gas 
does the rest of the work. . Of the preduct of the charcoal works and the chemical 
works, nearly all, except the alcohol and the acetate of lime is exported to the 
United States. The charcoal is sent to Detroit and is used in smelting iron. 
Their output would run a twenty ton iron furnace, and it seems odd that with 
so much iron ore of good quality as is known to exist all through Eastern Ontario 
this charcoal should be sent to the United States to be used in making 2ron 
there. Some day, let us hope, capital may be found willing to take the risk of 
trying to develop this industry in Eastern Ontario. The greater part of the 
saw-dust and small chips and blocks, too small to be worked up into any thing, 
is used to make steam, but a considerable portion of the saw-dust is sifted, mixed 
with an equal quantity of clay and made into a building material now coming 
into very general use, known as Porous Terra Cotta brick. This brick possesses 
some remarkable qualities and is fast growing in favor with the building trade. 
It is said to be absolutely fire and frost proof, is a good deadening material for 
partition walls in houses, is very warm and dry, will stand a very heavy crush- 
ing strain and is very light in weight. It can be sawn and nails can be driven 
into it as into wood. When heated to white heat, sudden immersion in water 
will not make it crack. It is a new use for a by-product of the forests and it is 
likely to become very general. 

Some years ago finding it necessary for the continued life of their industries 
the company promoted the constructicn of railways, notably the Bay of Quinte 
railroad, for the purpose of bringing to their mills wood that could not be floated 
and which, without railway communication, was valueless to them as limit hold- 
ers and to the settlers as well, While this road was built mainly in the interest 
of the Rathbun concern, it could not fail to be of great benefit to the settlers in 
the section of country served by it. Such has already been the case, for in addi- 
tion to affording a market for the settler’s hard wood timber it has provided an 
outlet for his grain and his stock. Fifteen hundred tons of live stock went over 
this road last year mainly from the townships of Hungerford and Hinchinbroke, 
a new territory only recently settled. The building of this road discovered the 
existence of an immense bed of marl and this led to the establishment of an 


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59 Victoria. — Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


extensive plant at Napanee mills where Portland cement, pronounced by experts 
to be fully equal to the imported article, is manufactured on a large scale. This 
uses up several thousand cords of rough wood every year. 

There are two very prominent features that strike one in connection with 
the Rathbun concern. In the first place I could not but be impressed with the 
idea of the interdependence of the various industries; each new industry seems 
to have been the logical and natural outcome of some other industry, all of them 
dependent in the end on forest supplies. Owning large timber limits on which 
ground rent had to be paid to the Province each year, no matter how much of 
the timber was cut off, there naturally followed the advisability of cutting the 
hardwood timber as well as the pine and other evergreens if profitable uses could 
be found for it Accordingly the raw material of the forest is made up by this 
firm into ships and railway cars, and lumber, and doors, and windows, and lath 
and shingles, and railway ties, and fence posts, and packing boxes, and barrels 
and match splints, and bricks, and charcoal, and alcohol, and other chemicals, 
and power, for use in Canada and for export to Africa and to Europe and to the 
United States. The forest is the base of all these industries, they are all inti- 
mately related and Mr. E. W. Rathbun is enthusiastic in the opinion that the 
rounded circle of them all will not be complete till the carbonized product of the 
big bee-hive furnaces is used in the manufacture of iron in Ontario instead of 
being sent to the United States to perform that function there. Another strik- 
ing feature of the Rathbun works is the idea of permanency that must have 
actuated the directing minds of the company in the establishing of their various 
industries and in the erection of the buildings that house them. Mainly solid 
stone and brick structures, all connected by railway tracks of standard gauge, 
they present a marked contrast to the temporary wooden structures generally 
built by lambermen and which from the usually short life of their business 
in one place, answers their purpose quite as well, The Rathbun buildings are 
evidently intended to stay for a long time and their timber policy seems to have 
been, so far as circumstances would permit, based on the same plan, that of 
permanency, and they have endeavored to so husband the supply of timber as to 
ensure the continued life of the Deseronto works at the expense perhaps of a 
larger and more immediate profit. In other words they have pursued a policy 
in their lumbering operations more in line with scientific forestry in many points 
than most other firms engaged in the business. Holding limits for many years 
under rental they have, so far as is consistent with an adequate supply of timber 
for their mills, largely limited the removal from their own limits to the matured, 
dead and fallen timber, buying the rest of their supply from settlers who were 
clearing land, and keeping their own smaller timber for future use. Even in 
buying from settlers I am told they have tried to prevent them from cutting so 
freely as to deforest land they did not need for tillage, by advertising their will- 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). | A. 1896 
————————————————————————— nn 


ingness to buy only a fixed quantity in a given section and, by distributing their 
purchases over different sections, discourage too heavy cutting. Settlers soon 
discover that it pays them better to cut their biggest trees, leaving the smaller 
ones to grow, thus ensuring a steady crop for which they are sure of a steady 
market. If the Rathbun Company afforded the only market for the settlers’ 
timber in the vicinity of their limits they would be able to a large extent to pre- 
vent the too rapid deforestation of land that would grow timber and little else, 
but unfortunately or fortunately as the case may be—according to the point 
of view—they are not in that position and the settler, be he a bona fide settler, 
desirous of carving out a home for himself, or the timber pirate, in the guise of a 
settler whose object is to despoil the Provincial treasury by obtaining timber free 
from dues, may skim the land of all its timber wealth, thus destroying largely its 
value for settlement purposes and increasing the fire risk, and in most cases find 
a market for it, if not from one lumberman then from another. In the case of 
the actual settler, however, this is not so apt to be the case. The value of heavy 
belts of trees in protecting the rest of the farm, to say nothing of the great value 
of a steady yearly crop of timber and firewood on a farm is becoming now so 
well known that men anxious to establish a home in a timber country are not so 
likely to destroy the future prosperity of their family and the fertility of their 
farms by denuding them of trees as was too often the case when the older portions 
of Ontario were settled. In the case of the fraudulent settler, however, the man 
who makes a false application for a location for the purpose of stealing the timber 
from it and then getting out, no care for the future welfare of that particular 
spot of the earth disturbs him; his object is “to beat the government ” out of the 
timber dues, Josing sight of the fact that he is not beating the government but 
his neighbors, if he has any ; beating the people, whose property are the trees. 
That there are “settlers” of this description there are too many proofs and I have 
reason to believe that were it not for the unceasing vigilance of the Department 
of Crown Lands the class would be much more numerous than it 1s. 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 40. | A, 1896 


THE PLANTING AND MANAGEMENT OF WOODS. 


A. KIRKWOoD. 


When it is considered how much the produce of woodland is in daily request, 
and how indispensable to the practice of very many of the most useful and 
necessary arts of human life, it cannot but appear a matter of some importance 
to ascertain in what manner this produce may most advantageously be increased, 
and raised in the state of greatest perfection. In such case, public and private 
interests point most unequivocally to the same object; and when, under the 
influence of motives drawn from either or both of these sources, plantations are 
to be raised, it is obvious that the same motives will apply with equal force to 
the right disposition of them in the ground ; and afterwards, to the managing of 
them properly, according to the several natures of the trees, and the uses in which 
they are to be employed. 

Amidst the numerous varieties of forest produce, there are seme species of 
trees, which, in every undertaking of planting, are entitled to particular atten- 
tion. At the head of these may be placed the oak, the pride and glory of our 
woods ; along with which, as of the same class, and hardly yielding to it in value, 
may be ranged the maple, the hickory, the ash, the elm, etc. Among resinous 
trees, the red and white pines are of principal use ; to which, as also of very great 
promise—it may now be said, indeed, of approved importance—may be added 
the spruce and the tamarac. A pleasing and not unprofitable diversity may be 
sought from the culture of numerous other kinds; such as the beech, the ches- 
nut, the locust, the black walnut, the black cherry, the black birch, the bass, and 
the hazel. Some hardy sorts, though less capable of being themselves turned to 
useful purposes, would claim some consideration as excellent nurses for other 
more valuable species of wood; a remark which may be extended to some of the 
aquatic tribes, as well on this, as on the further ground in some degree implied 
in it, of their prospering in situations which could not so advantageously be dis- 
posed of in any other way. 

In regard to the soil and climate best adapted to the several kinds of forest. 
trees, various observations might be made, were it conceived that, by much 
minuteness on this topic, any very useful purpose could in effect be served. 
The parts of the territory of any country that can be devoted to planting, must 
be such only as may be spared from other harvests, of which the returns of profit. 
are generally greater, as well as more immediate; and the use still more indis- 
pensable. Thus limited by necessity, it may be added, that these trees do not. 
appear, for the most part, to be in their own nature remarkably fastidious, but 
will prosper amid circumstances diversified considerably in different instances. 
Thus, for the oak and the cther species associated with it, the most congenial soil 


‘fl 


39 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). : A, 1896 


is perhaps a good fertile loam, or something approaching to that character; but 
they will all succeed also on sandy or gravelly land; and, some of them at least, 
on clays. The same observations may be extended to a very great proportion of 
other deciduous trees—often without any variation, even as to the particular 
terms—almost always, in its spirit and tendency ; and the finest pines are found> 
perhaps, on sloping hill sides of rather a gravelly texture; but they may be seen 
thriving also remarkably well, where the principal ingredient of the soil is of a 
loamy, or even of a clayey nature. 

This degree of latitude in regard to the soil, with the corresponding range 
which may with equal impunity be admitted as to climate, is of great consequence, 
for the facilities it affords in the formation of woods. <A judicious planter will 
be cautious, however, of using liberties in which he does not find himself fully 
warranted by experience; or even of going to the utmost verge of what may 
have actually been done before him ;—more studious of use than of singularity, 
or of the doubtful praise of an adventurous prosecution of hazardous projects. 
It may be remarked, in general, that the more valuable species of trees are, for 
the most part, not patient in any very considerable degree of moisture; and that 
for that, as well as other reasons, a sloping situation, and a sound porous bottom 
of freestone or other rock, are commonly very favorable circumstances in plant- 
ing. It is also to be observed, that great luxuriance of growth in the outset, is 
but an uncertain criterion of the advantageous disposal of plants which are to be 
formed into timber ;—it ought, indeed, in some instances, to receive quite an 
opposite interpretation ; as it is sufficiently known what the danger is, that the 
effects of such an early forwardness may be perceptible only, or chiefly, in the 
deterioration of that produce. This is so remarkably exemplified in particular 
cases, that the same tree, according as it has been situated in one way or in 
another, will be useful for many valuable purposes after it has been taken down ; 
or, serving merely for shade or ornament during the period of its growth, .will 
afterwards be good for nothing, unless, perhaps, for fuel. Indeed, so very striking 
is the difference between the quality of pine trees raised amidst the rigors of a 
northerly climate and a mountainous situation in the Highlands of Scotland, and 
of those which have been often produced in the low country, under circumstances 
of apparently so much more indulgence ;—so incomparably superior is the one 
timber to the other, that they have frequently been judged to be of different 
species. There is no necessity, however, for such anexplanation. That difference — 
is sufficiently accounted for by the greater or less rapidity of their growth, which 
has been found sometimes in the proportion of four to one; and of which the 
effect is, on the side of the quick growers, a great accumulation of matter, but of 
a soft, spongy, and unformed character; on the other, a smaller increase of bulk 
in a given time, but that of a texture, firm, compact and hardy. 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}, A. 1896 


There are several ways in which trees may be propagated; but the best and 
easiest mode for the generality of those cultivated in our woods, is to raise them 
from the seed. This may be done either on the principle of producing, in the 
first instance, young plants that are to be removed afterwards into the situations 
in which they are to remain; or the seeds may, from the beginning, be disposed 
where the trees are to grow. Each of these methods has, perhaps, its advantages. 
In favor of the first, it may be said, that it gives the opportunity of selecting 
such a piece of ground, and of bestowing such pains in the preparation of it, as 
well as in the tending of the plants during their state of infancy, as affords the 
most reasonable prospect of obtaining them in a sound and healthful state. 
Growing luxuriantly and freely in a good soil,—protected carefully from the too 
severe influence of the sun and weather,—refreshed, as they may appear to require 
it, with water, or by the application, at proper seasons, of a little good earth, or 
other fertilizing substance,—every weed, as it makes its appearance, being 
eradicated, and the ground held always in an active and nutritive state by 
frequent stirring ; the probability is, that there may be formed such large and 
vigorously rooted plants, as will be able, from the strength of their constitution, 
to encounter successfully the difficulties eventually to be met with on poorer 
grounds, Whereas, if raised from the first on poor land, or less anxiously cared 
for, there might have been a danger that they would never have been able to 
recover the early check thus given to their growth, or have arrived ultimately at 
any tolerable perfection. It may.be added, that, on the system of a certain pre- 
vious training, a vast quantity of young trees may be disposed of for a time on 
a small space of ground; thus leaving the wider extent, on which they are 
afterwards to stand, open, during the interval, for other purposes ; and diminish- 
ing, in the same proportion, as the limits are contracted, the labor and the expense 
of one and the same degree of effective culture. In conformity with such views, 
it is found, that a seminary of good land, for the first reception of the seeds, with 
a nursery, in which the plants, after being formed there, may still farther expand 
themselves in the manner stated, are commonly regarded, among planters, as a 
sort of necessary appendage in the prosecution of their labors. 

It is to be observed, however, on the other hand, and in recommendaton of 
the plan of raising trees at once from the seed, that in this way, all that renitency 
and regret will be avoided, with which there is much danger, that a plant, taken 
from a better, should settle on a worse soil. No early habitudes being to be over- 
come, it may be supposed, and the idea has been often verified by fact, that a 
ready alliance will take place between the embryo plants, and their nurse and 
mother, even in circumstances the most untowardly ; and that so,in the event, 
very valuable timber may be obtained, where it were hardly to have been looked 
for under any different management, even from among the roughest rocks, and 
in other situations of the most unpromising sterility. It may further be remarked, 


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59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 
—0—e—— eee 


that as the tap root of all trees corresponds with the leading shoot, so, when that. 
is cut off, as in planting from the nursery, the tendency to an upright growth is 
diminished and an inclination produced to divaricating into branches; a propen- 
sity equally hurtful, where the object aimed at is timber, as it would be beneficial 
with a view to fruit. It is to be considered also, that the whole period that trees 
are nursing, instead of being the means of serving, in any point of view, as might 
be conceived, is in fact generally pure loss; for, if a seed, or seedling plant, be 
put into the ground along with another plant of some years old, the tirst will 
commonly overtake, in a short time, and even outstrip the other. This will 
indeed happen so soon, that in the view merely of shade, shelter, or ornament, it. 
is but a mistaken practice to aim at expedition, by the preference of old plants; 
and the effects may be of a more seriously hurtful kind, if the same principle 
should be acted upon in the propagation of timber. For not only are trees. 
raised from seed, or seedling plants, the first commonly to arrive at maturity, or 
may indeed precede those transplanted from the nursery by some years, but 
they have the fairest chance also for reaching the greatest size, and will yield the 
best and most valuable produce. Instead of any increase of expense to be incurred 
for these purposes, it is pretty evident, that the balance will be quite on the 
other side. A piece of ground may be sown with the seeds of forest trees, for a. 
smaller sum than would be necessary to plant it; and, for the whole previous 
cares of the seminary and the nursery, the only equivalent required will be the 
continuance, for a very little time longer, of the attention to keeping clean the 
ground on which they are so placed; even that, perhaps, being done upon the 
large scale system, by which so often a very competent adequacy in the effect is 
reconciled with a remarkable economy. 

It will be perceived, that in the claims of merit thus set up severally for the 
different modes of raising trees from seeds or from plants, there is, in some 
instances, the appearance of clashing between them; the same things, or nearly 
so, being stated successively in proof of the superiority of the one and of the 
other. To account for this, it is not sufficient to advert generally to the partiality 
of men to their respective systems, though that might have its weight. There 
may be many circumstances, in particular. cases, to affect the conclusions arrived 
at, which do not exist in others, and which may very naturally produce diversity 
of sentiment on such a topic, independently of any bias in the minds of the 
observers, Amidst the great variety of situations in which trees may be dis- 
posed—the difference between these trees, both as to kind* and quality,—the 
minute and imperceptible diversities which may occur in the treatment of them,— 
it would be indeed rather wonderful, if, from premises the same in their leading 


traits, but so susceptible of tinge from all these quarters, one uniform and undis- 
(ya. Big "SET a PR TBE EGC ee os, eee 


* Undoubtedly, something will depend, in this question, on the kinds of the trees; in which point of 
view, it may be observed, that some of the most valuable species of our forests, however they may thrive in 
either way, will seem to succeed best when raised at once from the seed. Thus the oak, the pine, ete. 


74 


a ae 
* 
wT? 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 4° ). A, 1896 


puted result should be obtained. It is well, however, to know what are generally 
considered to be the advantages of different modes of proceeding in any operation, 
especially to understand distinctly what is the precise ground on which these 
benefits are supposed to rest, that they may be aimed at respectively, and, if 
possible, though conceived of commonly as the adjuncts of distinct systems, be 
united under the approved one. This, it is presumed, may be affected to some 
extent, in the case under consideration ; and the remarks that have been just 
made, if otherwise of less importance, will not be without their value, if they can 
be of any service towards suggesting the particular points which ought especially 
to come under such adjustment, or for furnishing a clue, by which it may be 
attempted with success. To explain what is meant by an example :—It will be 
recollected to have been stated in favor of the mode of raising trees from plants 
taken out of the nursery, that such plants bade fair for being well rooted, in 
consequence of the genial nourishment afforded them in that situation. Now> 
suppose it should, for other reasons, be determined in some instances, to raise a 
plantation directly from the seed, it need not be forgotten of how much moment 
it is that the trees should have large, well-formed roots; and it being observed, 
at the same time, that the means of securing this object is to give them, in their 
early stages, the advantage of good deep soil, it will be understood, that everything 
that can be done easily towards loosening to some depth, and meliorating the 
ground on which the seeds are to be sown, will be properly attended to in the 
order of their culture. In like manner, it has been mentioned, in recommendation 
of the system of sowing, that the infant plants being thus, from the very first, 
accustomed to the precise soil and situation in which they are to grow, there is 
no room for anything of that repugnancy, which might with reason be dreaded, 
if, after being nursed for a tim2 on rich fertile land, they were suddenly to be 
removed to places comparatively cold, bare, and unfruitful. The inference to be 
drawn by those who have it in view to plant from a nursery, is, that the soil 
and exposure of the nursery should, as much as possible, correspond with those 
of the ground on which the trees are afterwards to stand; and that, when a 
nursery or seminary is to be formed directly on account of some great undertak- 
ing of planting, a piece of the same land should be employed for these purposes, 
which it is in contemplation, through that medium, to cover with wood.* This 
principle, of happy adaptation, might be acted upon in other particulars, and 
undoubtedly with such good effect, that every advantage which is sought in the 


* The importance of this agreement, in soil and climate, between a nursery and the ground to be 
planted from it, has been called in question, upon the principle that it defeats, in some measure, the inten- 
tion of nursing; for, if no more genial nutriment is to be found in the nursery than in the field, why not as 
well set out the plants, from the beginning in the latter. To this it may be replied, that it is not to be 
understood that the nursery ground is to receive no superior advantages in point of cultivation. But, after 
every allowance for this, it 13 conceived, that there may still remain so much similarity of character between 
the more and the less improved lands, originally of one description, that a just proportion between the 
indulgences of the nursery, and the privations of the field, cannot be better, or more uniformly maintained, 
than by attention to the rule here given. From the contiguity of the nursery to the grounds to be planted, 
this further advantage is ifcidentally gained, that they may easily be stocked from it, without any danger 
to the roots of the young plants, such as they would be subject to, if carried from a greater distance. 


7h 


heat 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}, A. 1896 


formation of woods might, so far as depends on the circumstance alluded to in 
their early management, be, in the one or the other way, almost equally secured. 

It would be superfluous to enter at present into any particular detail respect- 
ing the preparatory operations by which land is to be brought into a proper state 
for the reception of those rudiments of trees, whether seeds or plants, which are 
to be laid out init. The principal points to be attended to in that matter, have 
been already incidentally mentioned, and are indeed sufficiently obvious; and, in 
the mode of execution, there is little or nothing peculiar to the business of plant- 
ing. In all cases, the instruments for reclaiming, deepening, and fertilizing an 
uncultivated soil, are the trench and common plows, brake, harrows, etc., seconded 
in their eftect by the genial influences of the sun and air, manures, and meliorat- 
ing crops; in the due use of all which, the state of the ground, and such other 
matters as can come under the personal observation only of the cultivator, must 
be his guide. In general, it will be of consequence, that the soil be stirred always 
to its full depth, and that. it be allowed then to remain for some considerable time 
mellowing, previously to its being stocked with plants. When the season for this 
work has arrived, it may be proceeded with upon principles of more or Jess 
regularity, as may be judged expedient or necessary, in the view of keeping the 
eround afterwards clear of weeds—a circumstance on which a great deal of the 
ultimate success will depend, whatever be the variations which, in other respects, 
may be admitted into the mode of culture. 


During the preparation of the land for the object in view, it may be made 
serviceable towards defraying the expense so incurred, by being placed once, or: 
more, as opportunity will allow, under crop. This economy may be carried 
farther; and the seeds of a grain crop be thrown into the ground at the same 
time with those of the forest trees. The reaping of it need not be at all detri- 
mental, even to those of the plants which will have advanced farthest before this 
work has begun ; and, in respect of the shelter which they may derive from it 
during their period of greatest tenderness, it will, in effect, rather go to add to 
their security. There is, indeed, a degree of precariousness as to the growth of 
plants raised in this manner from the seed; against the extreme incidents of 
which it may be proper, after every other precaution being taken, to have in 
reserve a small seminary of contemporary plants for the supply of vacancies. 


PLANTING ON Rocky GROUND. 


It will be understood sufficiently, that the circumstances of particular grounds 
must often limit them, both as to the extent of their prior cultivation, and the 
manner in which they are to be furnished with plants. No one can imagine that 
the same standard of culture, applicable precisely to good, level land, will be suited 
equally to rocky and mountainous places. To the latter, no plow having access 
and the narrow spots of earth which it may be necessary, perhaps, to search for 


76 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


in them with an attentive eye, being disposed in no regular order, the utmost that 
can be done, or which it would be proper to attempt, in such circumstances, is to 
give the best preparation that may be, to the sites, individually, on which trees 
are to be planted. Indeed, some of the hardier kinds may often grow to good 
timber, though committed originally to the earth without any preparation what- 
ever. It is a very common practice, on moorish grounds, to take up a turf merely 
here and there; and the soil being stirred a little, to distribute, in the spots so 
imperfectly cultivated, either immediately, or some time afterwards, the seeds or 
plants. Even this slight culture is, in many instances, dispensed with; and the 
only thing done (what is absolutely necessary for the introduction of the plants) , 
is to bore a hole through the upper surface for their reception.* The only 
equivalent for the shelter of a cultivated crop, as above alluded to, must, in such 
cases, be drawn from the scrubby growth which is so commonly the product of 
poor grounds; and of which a part being cut and laid round the roots of the 
plants, may be of some use, by preventing the earth from becoming too dry, and 
opening in hot weather, so as to expose them to the noxious influences of the sun. 
For it is to be observed, that, however heat and light are in other respects 
necessary to vegetation, the roots of plants should never, if possible, feel their 
force, unless through the medium of the soil; and that, therefore, seeds, as soon 
as sown, should be carefully covered; and plants, being allowed to remain in the 
nursery till the ground is prepared for their reception, should then be immediately 
put down into it, and secured by a close cincture of earth against external injury. 


SPACE BETWEEN TREES. 


The distances at which it will be proper to set out seeds or plants for intended 
woods, will vary, in like manner, with so many circumstances connected with 
the manner of growth, or other habitudes of the different kinds of trees, the 
quality of the soil, and the nature of the climate, that it is oaly in very general 
terms that any rule can be given on the subject.+ It may be remarked, that the 
closer trees stand to each other, so as it be in conformity with all just limitations 
imposed by these or other sound principles, the greater is the prospect of their 


es 


* What may be necessary, sometimes, to rest satisfied with, from the impractibility of anything better, 
it would, however, be very improper to substitute, on any occasion, without such necessity, for a more 
thorough culture. There may be grounds which would not admit of an uniform cultivation of their whole 
surface, which yet, in the particular places to be planted, may receive without difficulty, a full equivalent 
tor all the advantages of that mode of preparation. The beneficial tendency of such care is certainly not 
problematical. Hven in the extreme case of a svil contained almost wholly in the upper turf, it would, 
without doubt, be of use, that this turf be rotted before planting. The only question is, how that com- 
pactness of form might then be retained, into which it may be necessary that so scanty a soil should be 
moulded, in order to its affording any tolerable support or security to such a srop. 


+From two to six feet are the common distances at which plants are set out in the fields, or at which 
they are brought to stand afterwards, when raised there from the seed. Perhaps there is more of ingenuity, 
than of useful tendency in some of the observations that have been made relative to the precise form in 
which trees should be disposed. No doubt, a given extent of land may receive more plants upon one 
principle of arrangement than upon another; but, as these will not grow "p perpendicularly from the 
roots, and the approximation of their heads is the standard by which, eventually, their bearings towards 
each other must be adjusted, it does not seem evident how a very anxious attention to this point, in the 
first instance, should be really of any great importance. 


ig 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A 1896- 


rising to a good height, straight, and free from side branches, of such considerable 
size as, by giving occasion to knots, would be a matter of injury to the timber. 
In the Highlands of Scotland and some of the northern parts of the European 
continent, where we meet with the finest specimens that are anywhere to be 
found, of the pine kind, the common management is to sow very thick, or to 
leave it to nature so to disperse the seeds, which are, without more ado, left to 
shift for themselves. Amidst the contest for nourishment which soon begins to 
take place among them, the consequence is that the stronger and taller plants, 
having smothered the weaker, those that remain continue to draw each other up 
till they arrive at a great height. The means ot extending themselves in any 
other direction being cut off there is no impediment to their upward growth. 
The lower branches, deprived of sun and air, quickly fall down; the overtopt 
plants are graduaily involved in the same fate ; till, by the acquisition of more 
space around. them, the master-trees, adding thickness to their previously 
acquired. height, become those examples we admire of noble trees and most 
valuable timber. it may be added that in exposed situations close planting has 
the effect of making the several trees a shelter for each other, thus operating, in 
a very essential point, to the preservation of the woods. For the hardier species 
of trees this is perhaps the only security that can be had recourse to in such 
circumstances, but as the object is of much consequence, it will be proper, where 
the means of defence are more diversified, to make use of them all against dangers 
which will probably be augmented in proportion. It need not be said that some 
of the most valuable timber trees, though far from being of a delicate character 
are yet more liable to injury from exposure to the weather than others. 


SHELTER BELTS. 


It is easy to perceive the use which may be made of this distinction in the prac- 
tice of planting. It is to form, out of the more durable kinds, a screen for the pro- 
tection, against the blast, of those which would be more apt to shrink under its 
influence. In this way, itis usual to draw an edging of firs round a plantation of 
oaks, or other hardwood, and to mix some of them in the body of the wood. The 
birch is another tree extremely well adapted for such a purpose, indeed superior to 
the other, in the view of mixing in woods. As the rate of its growth, being in a 
better proportion to that of the oak particularly, and their disposition to come 
up kindly together more favorable,* the danger 1s small, that, in seeking to 
avoid one inconvenience, another should be incurred. The hardy nature of the 
mountain ash, with the quickness of its growth, makes it very proper also to be 


ESSE SSUES 


*Though the likings and repugnancies of plants to each other may depend indeed on no other principle 
than the habits of their growth, according to which they are more or less apt to inflict or to sustain injuries, 
either below or above,—this makes no difference as to the care of preventing these ; which is just as neces- 
sary in that case, and may give occasion to the same proceedings, as if there were some antipathy between 


them, 
78 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


used as a nurse, during the early progress of plantations, on exposed grounds. 
And the larch, with every advantage for this purpose in respect of foliage, 
stature, and whatever other qualities are best suited to it, is the more deserving 
of preference, on account of its superior value as a timber tree. 


TIME TO PLANT. 


The best seasons generally for the propagation of timber, either by sowing 
or planting, are the latter end of autumn, and the earlier part of spring.* The 
precise period for the former of these operations, might appear to be in some 
measure determined by nature herself, and to be those in which the various 
seeds fall spontaneously from the trees. But these seeds, like others, may com- 
monly be kept for some time, without injury to their germinating principle; and 
it is frequently necessary so to treat such of them as are shed in the end of the 
year, in order to avoid the depredations of field mice and other vermin through 
the winter. Other circumstances will have their effect here, as well as in the 
alternative case of planting ; the fittest time for which is to be ascertained by 
various considerations of the nature and state of the ground, joined to the for- 
wardness of different species in regard to vegetation. Land that is wettish, and 
which, by swelling with the frost in winter, would be apt to throw out the 
plants at that season, evidently ought not to be planted until the spring 
Grounds, on the other hand, which are so dry as to be particularly subject to be 
parched by the heats of summer, would be more advantageously planted in the 
end of autumn ; or, if the planting is delayed till spring, it should take place so 
early in that season, that the trees may be thoroughly rooted, before being tried 
by so dangerous an opposition. There may be occasion for the comminution of 
the soil by exposure to wintry frosts previously to planting, more on some 
lands than on others. And, as the periods of the vegetation of different plants 
are different, a regard to these differences may be useful in various ways, 
towards directing to the most advantageous times for this work.- In such 
transactions, it need not be added, that a great deal will, of course, depend upon 
the weather, fand the forwardness of the season, in different years, aS well as 
upon the magnitude of the operations, which may make it necessary often to 
begin earlier, and continue later, than otherwise might have been done. It 
ought always to be attended to that the planted grounds be fenced very care- 
fully against the inroads of cattle of any sort, and even, if possible, of hares or 
rabbits, which, by gnawing the bark of the young trees, and the heavier animals, 
by treading them down, might soon make of no avail all the previous labor. 


*A good, perhaps the best, season for planting pines, is towards the ead of the summer, (the latter 
part of July or August). 


+Thus, there is no time better for removing plants, generally, than just before they are beginning to 
shoot. Those plants which soon take root, and begin to grow, may in like manner be sately set out in such 
-dry grounds as have been alluded to, later in the season than those which remain longer dormant after 
transplanting. 
79 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40’, A. 1896 


CARE OF THE YOUNG TREES. 


After a plantation has been formed, it will cost little more trouble, for a few 
years, than keeping it clean. The way in which this is to be done, will depend 
on the same or similar circumstances, as have already given a face of uncertainty, 
in more than one instance, to the preceding observations. In some bare sites, it. 
may be of advantage that the surface should have a covering of grass, both as a 
binding to the light soil which, on mountainous places, would otherwise be ia 
danger of becoming the sport of the winds and the torrents, and as a useful 
auxiliary against the injurious effects of excessive droughts. In such cases, it. 
may be enough to cut down merely the tall growing weeds with hoes. In other 
instances, a more uniform going-over the ground will be proper; but then, in 
compensation, it may be practicable, by the alternate use of a double-shelving 
and common plow, to abridge hand labor, reserving it to be employed in supple- 
ment of that more expeditious mode of culture.* It may be remarked, that as it is. 
evidently the neatest, so, eventually, it will be also the most profitable husbandry, 
carefully to destroy all weeds at their first appearance ; for, when cut down in 
their tender state, they immediately die; whereas, if suffered to grow old and. 
strong, they are apt to shoot again after being cut; to ripen their seeds ; and so 
to poison the whole surrounding soil. The frequent stirring of the ground, it 
may be added, is of the greatest consequence to the progress of the young plants, 
independently of any ulterior design, by putting into action its vegetative 
powers, and bringing them into a state of happy co-operation for that important. 
purpose, with all the benignant influences of the sun, air and rain. 

In three, four, or six years, more or less, according to the kind of trees and 
the fertility of the soil, the young planting will generally have advanced so far, 
as to be itself competent to choke and destroy the weeds which may for the 
future venture their heads above ground. It will be understood. that, from the 
beginning, attention has been paid to fastening such trees as may have become: 
loose, and replacing those which have failed; in result of which, we are to 
suppose that we have now a plantation, a few years old, upon the whole healthful. 
and in good order. 

It may have occurred previously to this period, or it may still happen, that,. 
some of the trees showing a tendency to become stunted and crooked, means 
must be used for their recovery. The proper proceeding in such a case is, at a. 
time when the sap is down, and after the plant has been completely rooted, to cut. 
it over to the level nearly of the ground ; in consequence of which, a clean lead. 


*Tt is but fair to mention that the introduction of the horse-hoe into plantations, is a practice that seems 
liable to considerable objection. So much so, indeed, has it appeared to some, that they have conceived it. 
would be better to dispense altogether with the cleaning of them, any further than it could be accomplished 
by other means. Undoubtedly, very great care will be necessary, where recourse is had to it, that the 
plants may receive no injury, either from the plow or the working animals. It may be added, that it is. 
but a small proportion of such lands as are usually planted, which would, on any account, admit of this. 
mode of treatment. 

80 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40>. A, 1896 


ing shoot may be obtained that will soon overtake the contemporary trees. This 
mode of treatment is so grateful to many of the ligneous tribes, that the vigor of 
their growth is evidently, and in some cases, very greatly promoted by it; a 
fortunate circumstance, as the operation is so often, from natural or accidental 
causes, rendered necessary for the most valuable kinds of wood. It is frequently 
wanted for the oak, that king of our forests ;* and in respect to the chestnut, the 
timber of which is, in some respects, even superior to that of the oak, it is of such 
consequence, that it has beeri given as a general rule, that all plants of this sort, 
without exception, should be so headed down, if, instead of scraggy and crooked, 
we would have them to grow with one strong and straight stem, and to make a 
rapid progress. It need not be said, that even among deciduous trees, there are 
some, however, comparatively tender of their heads ; while, in respect to the pine 
tribe, they must be entirely excepted from this operation, as, in them, the loss of 
the leading shoot is the certain loss of the tree.+ 

The circumstance which has thus been alluded to lays the foundation of a 
considerable distinction between different sorts of woods, namely, that some of 
them will, and others will not, admit of being converted into coppices. It is 
evident, that any tree which will not.spring again after being cut down, is 
wholly incapable of this application. It does not follow, that all those which are 
capable of it, would be advantageously disposed in that way; but they are at 
least so far qualified ; and, as may be judged expedient in particular cases, may 
be either coppiced, or left to grow for timber; or the two objects may be in 
various degrees combined and united. 


PRUNING. 


There has been already occasion to remark with what success the progres 
of the pine kind is in some instances, left entirely to nature. It would, perhaps 
be a legitimate inference, from what was then stated, that they require very 
little aid, in any stage of their advancement, from the care of man; it is certainly 
not to be doubted that much interference with them would be superfluous, most 
probably injurious. In the northern countries of Europe? it is esteemed an Inju- 
dicious practice to thin their woods for fir till the most vigorous trees are arrived 
at the height of about twenty feet. The space for their growth is then a little 
enlarged by the removal of the low and smothered plants. The degree of atten- 
tion to them is, of course, not increased as they advance in age. At length they 
are cut down, and a provision made for stocking the land anew in a like simple 
way, merely by leaving a few of the trees and harrowing carefully the ground 


*This is to be understood chiefly of planted oaks. Those raised at once from the seed, are by no 
means liable, in an equal degree, to the disorders which render such an operation necessary. 


+The larch differs, in this respect, from the rest of its tribes ; 


and, when the first has been destroyed, 
will push out a new leader like deciduous trees. 


$ Livonia, Courland, Poland, etc. 


¥.R. 81 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40), A. 1886 


around them for the reception of the seeds as they drop in the spring. In the 
parts of France in which plantations of these trees used to be raised the mode of 
treatment was different. Instead of the upper branches being left from the 
beginning to kill those below by depriving them of air, the system there was to 
prune them regularly ; in which respect, so uniform was their practice, that cer- 
tain rates had come to be established, according to which the labor was paid for 
in faggots. In payment of a first pruning the whole faggots were bestowed on 
the workmen ; at the second they had two and the proprietor one-third of them ; 
and the third, and all after dressings, were purchased with one-half of what 
should be lopt from the trees.* 

If it were proposed to form a comparison between these two principles in 
the management of fir woods, it would perhaps be unfair to take the examples 
from countries which differ so much from each other as to climate, when our best 
observations would lead us to believe that it is of no small consequence to the 
strength and health of this particular species of timber that it should be formed 
amid what may be called a comparative torpor of nature, in places visited but 
sparingly by the rays of the sun, where the period of vegetation in each year is 
short, and its degree far from luxuriant. It is, at the same time, the less neces- 
sary to institute such a comparison, as the matter which it would go to determine 
is indeed a little in obscurity. It is sufficiently known that pruning, of which 
the tendency is to retard, for a little, the growth of all trees, is particularly pro- 
ductive of that effect on those kinds of them which never put out any new shoots 
in the places where they are so treated. It is, besides, almost impossible, in lop- 
ping the branches of such trees by the bole, at whatever season, to prevent the 
wounds becoming blemishes. Still it is acknowledged that recourse to this 
expedient may be more justifiable, and even necessary, in one set of circum- 
stances than it would be in another. In the case of woods set out upon grounds 
not favorably distinguished, to say the least of them, for soil or climate, and 
which are at the same time, perhaps, even more than sufficiently stocked with 
plants, it will seldom happen that there will be such luxuriancy of growth in a 
horizontal direction as may not be held in just check by the interference of one 
tree with another. But where everything in the disposition of the plants is per- 
fectly in the reverse of this—when, after having been nursed for a season or two 
in dressed ground, they are removed to land comparatively fertile and allowed a 
clear circumference around them in which to extend both roots and branches—it 
will not be surprising, if the occasion should arise, sometimes, for putting in prac- 
tice what may be so far preventive of the total ruin of timber not likely, in any 
event, to have been of the first quality. The conclusion is, that if pines be 
planted only in the most suitable soils and situations, and there disposed more 


* By such returns in fuel, with the greater ones in resin, plank, etc., the pine lands of France became 
considerably productive. 


82 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). _ A, 1896 


\ 


ee 
closely than is usual for the general run of planting, they will seldom have any 
need of pruning. If it should appear in any instance indispensable, still it must 
be adminstered with caution; and it may commonly be best, instead of cutting 
away entirely the too exuberant branches, to shorten them only by some con- 


venient plan, leaving the remainder of them to decay and drop off, as they will 
do, in the course of nature.* 


THINNING. 


An operation of more undoubted legitimacy, in respect of the resinous class 
of plants, is thinning, the period of which may indeed be retarded a little where 
the use of that other would not be improper; but it will in all cases require at 
length to have its place in the management of plantations, and it will be of no 
small consequence that it be introduced at a fit season, and that the work be con- 
ducted on correct principles. It will be understood from the remarks already 
made that a certain closeness, in the growth of pines especially, is of very mate- 
rial importance both towards their attaining a desirable height, and in order to 
the timber being of that quality which is justly esteemed the most valuable. 
Still, proper limits must be observed in this respect, that no bar may unneces- 
sarily or unprotitably be thrown in the way of their earlier progress, or when 
they have advanced so far that thickness alone is wanted to give them their 
proper perfection, that they may not be without room and nourishment adequate 
to that object. Thus, though it is evident from what has been formerly stated, 
that a plantation raised from the seed, and in which, of course, it is to be sup- 
posed, that the several plants will stand sufficiently close to each other in the first 
instance—though even such a plantation may commonly be trusted to right 
itself by a natural progress—yet undoubtedly a slight assistance in different 
stages of its growth might be of use by relieving the ground, on the one hand, of 
part of a burden, to which it could not, at all events, permanently be competent ; 
while, on the other, this should be done to such an extent only as would not, in 
any other respect, be of injurious consequence to the trees or the timber. It is 
extremely difficult indeed to lay down any precise rule as to the degree in which 
thinning should take place in different instances, or to fix the most proper time 
for its being put into execution. So much will necessarily depend on the more 
or less vigorous growth of the plants and the various circumstances of soil, situa- 
tion and climate, by which one plantation is distinguished from another, that, in 
short, there could not easily be a principle adopted of a more deceitful nature 
than one which, in this department—it may be added in the operations gen- 
erally connected with planting—should lead to 4n implicit and uniform adherence 
to any single set of directions whatever. It will therefore be understood to be 


SLA TEE Sad ee > Sema Ts BEE REBEL SRC ad We AIRED OF 2) 2 Weel WC Pe MELE AL ee 

* Perhaps the only circumstances under which it will be advisable generally to use the knife, in the 
case of resinous trees is, when there appears a rivalship for the place of leading stem; then the one of the 
competiting branches must be removed of course. 


83 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


brought forward merely in example, not to be proposed as a standard, if, in the 
observations following, any instance occurs of particular definiteness ; and, while 
the spirit of the remark into which such appearance of precision is admitted 
may be proper to be retained, it may often happen that, with equal reason, that 
exterior garb ought to be laid aside. ; 

Suppose, then, that in twelve or fourteen years, it has become necessary to 
thin a plantation of pines, it is to be observed that this work should be per- 
formed gradually, a beginning being made from the middle of the ground, while 
the trees on the outside are allowed to stand for some time longer in their 
former state of closeness, the better to screen those within from the cold. By and 
by, when these have acquired so much strength, or have become so far habituated 
to the change in their condition as to be less in danger of suffering from a fur- 
ther admission of cold air, the business may be proceeded with, till, by degrees, 
the whole wood is put on such a new footing, in regard to distance as its 
advanced age and the increased size of the trees require. It will be always a fit 
object of attention that, as far as possible, they may be the most unpromising 
plants which are removed in this manner to make room for the growth of the 
others ; and as the roots of these trees never shoot again after they have been 
once cut down,* but decay in the earth, it will be proper, instead of digging up, 
merely to cut them over close by the ground, both in the view of saving 
unnecessary labor and that no injury may be done to the roots of the remaining 
plants. 

Therefore it is to be understood that it will be better, generally, to take 
down a few trees in various successive years than to suffer the whole of what it 
may be proper ultimately to remove, to grow up together till they are carried 
away by one or more great operations; still it may be of use to have in view 
always certain outline boundaries by which the distribution of these minor 
strokes may be advantageously adjusted and regulated. In conformity with this 
idea an interval of time of about the same length as the former may be pitched 
upon as a period after the lapse of which the occasion will have arisen for a sec- 
ond thinning. This it will of course be proper to conduct in the same orderly 
and progressive way as before, which, being duly brought to an end, there may 
perhaps be little need for any further repetition of the work. In the result the 
trees may be left standing at the distance of from eight to twelve feet, which 
will be sufficient room for their growth, even after size of body has become the 
object especially to be attended to; and it is fit, in that view, to encourage more 
than formerly a spreading bushiness at top. | 

Between the thinnings alluded to, there may be taken off, to the extent of 
a half perhaps, or even two-thirds of the whole plants bestowed at first, or 


*The pitch pine, Pinus rigida, throws up sprouts the spring after the stem has beea felled, but never 
attain any considerable height. 


84 


59 Victoria. sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


es = 


allowed, after rising, to continue on the ground, at the earliest period specified, 
these will have advanced so far as to be capable of being employed for some use- 
ful purpose. Their value will increase with their age ; and, supposing the por- 
tions of them removed at the several standings condescended upon, to be nearly 
equal, and circumstances in each case to be favorable to the advantageous disposal 
of them, the returns, it may be expected, will go a great way, not only to cover- 
ing the expense of planting, but also to paying the rent of the land, if the estate 
be so held. The further and most considerable profits must be waited for, till 
the trees have arrived at full maturity ; in their progress to which, as they will 
commonly, after having proceeded so far, stand in need of very little more assist- 
ance or care, they will hardly be any otherwise chargeable than as they continue 
for some time longer to occupy the grouna. 


A principal circumstance which will go to produce a different order in the 
management of deciduous trees, from that just laid down, is the same which makes 
it practicable to obtain from them more frequent returns of profit. It will be 
modified, at the same time, by various other causes; such as the rate of growth 
of different sorts of trees—their tendency to shoot out in one or another direction 
their patience under the knife,* and the degree in which they can bear up under, 
or will be benefited, or the contrary, by a freer or more limited admission of sun 
and air. Amidst these and other grounds of diversity which have place in 
respect to different, or even the same species, the only general rule that can with 
propriety be given on the subject is, that so long as the branches of the several 
plants do not interfere with each other, and the form of their growth is such as 
we would wish, they should be allowed to remain untouched ; when they begin to 
be crowded in any part, it is to be observed whether this be the consequence of 
the undue elongation of some struggling branch or branches, or of the regular 
advancement of the plantation. In the one case, relief may be given by cutting 
away those excrescences which, by diverting the course of the sap into improper 
channels, would be in every view only injurious ; in the other, room must be 
made for the further progress of one part of the trees by the removal of another. 
When these are not all of one, or of equally valuable species—as, for example, 
when young oaks are nursed in the wood by the hardy birch—the first enlarge- 
ment of the spaces for growth by either of these means will, as far as is practi- 


*Though deciduous trees, in general, bear pruning better than those of the pine kind, yet there are 
some differences between them in this respect according to the species. Opinions vary, too, respecting the 
degree in which it should be admitted in any case, as well as about the manner of its execution. Without 
entering fully into these topics at present, it seems at least evident that a leading shoot should always be 
carefully cherished at whatever expense to any branch that would come into competition with it. It must 
be also highly expedient that every branch which is to be removed should be disposed of before it has grown 
to any considerable size; and, therefore, that the ground should be gone over with the view of discovering 
what may be wanted in this respect every second or third year. it 1s believed that it would be for the 
ultimate good of the timber, as well as advantageous to the appearance of the trees, that the greater part 
-of what is to be lopped off should be cut away close by the bole, leaving the wounds to be covered over by 
its bark ; though, on the other hand, it has been recommended, in order to detaining the sap at particular 
places for the better nourishment of the trees, that those branches likely to rival the stem should be short- 
-ened only so as to check the luxuriances of the growth in those directions, while they continued to afford, 
-so far, a channel for the circulation. 

85 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 
SSS SSS 

table, fall naturally to be derived from those of the least consequence. When 
there is no such distinction, or after it has ceased to exist, the point for consid- 


eration will be that while regularity is had in view as much as possible, those 


should be the trees cut down always, which seem the least prosperous and 
healthful. : 


COPPICE. 


It was said that the detail of thinning trees may be affected in some degree 
by the practice of coppicing. This may be the case, even where the object ulti- 
mately in view is the production of full-grown timber. It will be understood 
that what was thinning in respect of trees which, being once cut down, spring no 
more, is not precisely so for such as shoot again from the old roots. For the 
permanent enlargement of the spaces between trees of this description, it will be 
necessary that those of them taken down should be wholly extirpated. But this. 
principle of thinning having heen acted upon to the necessary extent during the 
first stage of the growth of the plantation, it may be suspended temporarily at a 
proper period, and a certain equivalent for its effect derived from a partial cop- 


picing. A crop or two of underwood may thus be obtained at the same time . 


that the necessary facilities are afforded to the further progress of the trees, It 
is evident, however, that this substitution can be only of short duration. The 
stools must be in due time stubbed up, as the roots were in the case of the first 
thinnings, and the whole benefit of the soil left clear for the growing timber. 
From any ill-judged attempt to reconcile completely in this case the immediate 
with the future profits, the issue would most probably be the disappointment of 
our expectations as to both; for if the underwood were left after the trees had 
spread so far as that their heads met it would’ not be of much value, and yet the 
stools would draw away a great share of their proper nourishment from the 
timber trees. A choice between the two must therefore be made at a fit season. 
and that management followed which is ‘suited particularly to the proposed 
object. 7 


Among the various kinds in that description of trees which admit of cop- 


Ppicing, some are adapted chiefly to that mode of treatment, being such as arrive 
not at great stature, or of which the timber, when full grown, is not of the most. 
valuable quality. Of this character may be esteemed the hazel, the birch and 
the greater part of aquatic trees, so called—poplar, alder, willow. Other coppices 
are formed of oak, ash, hickory, chestnut and the like. All those species which, 
while they thus yield useful underwood are, in their state of maturity, the prin- 
cipal sorts of timber. The purposes to which these several products are appli- 


cable, are not less ‘different than the kinds of which they consist. While the 


highest praise of some is that they make good fuel, others are immediately 


serviceable in more than one of the arts of life, from the twig which is formed 
86 


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59 Victoria, | Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


into the broom or the basket, to the pole that is of such various use in husbandry, 
or the details of different kinds of mines. It will be readily conceived that the 
same indefiniteness as to the times of doing certain things which there has been 
occasion so often already to admit, will have place, too, in the economy of the 
coppice. When it is said that willows, according to their kind, and the purposes. 
for which they are intended may be cut down every second or third, or every 
sixth or seventh year, poplar every fourth or fifth, birch every sixth, hazel every 
seventh or eighth, alder every ninth or tenth, chestnut every tenth or twelfth, ash 
every fourteenth or fifteenth, oak and hickory at all ages from eight or ten to 
twenty-five or thirty years. It is evident that this is no more than a sort of 
relative information which it may be useful indeed in respect of the common 
application of different sorts of young wood, and what is known of their several 
growths to have in view in some parts of their treatment, but which absolutely 
fixes nothing. The only criterion by which the period for cutting down coppices 
of these or other kinds, must be finally determined, is the use to which it is pro- . 
posed that their produce should, in the particular cases, be actually applied. It. 
is by a reference to this only that the size can be ascertained of which the wood 
ought to be; on the question of its having reached this size, though one about 
which nothing could be very precisely concluded beforehand, will always be of 
easy solution by a bare inspection. As to the use itself, it is evident from the 
nature of the thing, that it cannot be unvarying ; but,even in regard to the same 
species, will be regulated by the demand in the market, or by the occasion of the 
individual. No less than for the attainment of one and the same size of timber, 
different lengths of time will be requisite, according to the goodness of the soil 
and climate. 


This general observation may be made on the subject, that while, with a 
view to a greater value of timber, the falls must of course be more distant ; on 
the other hand, it may be expedient to shorten these periods sometimes, as well 
in subserviency to the proposed use, as for the purpose of thickening the under- 
wood. This effect will be the consequence of that management by its tendency 
to give room and air to many seedlings, the springing of which would otherwise 
be retarded or prevented ; at the same time that it will call forth more vigorous 
shoots also from the original plants. It is of material importance that a just 
measure should be observed always in this matter of closeness, and that for that 
end all clusters of plants should be brought within proper limits, and rotten 
stubs wherever they appear be extirpated, the vacant places being filled up, or 
not, as may seem necessary in the actual state of the wood. The same standard 
by which will fall to be determi:ied every other question of rooting out, introduc- 
ing new plants, layering, affording more or less of encouragement which may 
arise during the progress of the copse to its proper maturity. 


87 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40) A. 1894 
i 


When this has taken place, and a cutting is about to begin, it is to be 
attended to, that the manner of executing it be such as may favor most a suc- 
ceeding spring.* For this purpose the trees should be taken down close by the 
ground, leaving the stubs slanting, smooth and with the bark uninjured. The 
stems proceeding from stools in like manner are to be cut over by the level of 
the stools, all ragged points around the woods being dressed up carefully, and 
everything left even and uniform. The grounds may then be gone over about 
midsummer for two or three years successively, and the superfluous spray be 
rubbed off by the hand. More shoots than it would be proper ultimately to pre- 
serve may be allowed to advance a certain length, as a security against accidents. 
A selection is to be afterwards made among these, and so many of the fairest and 
most promising saplings being preserved as the roots or the ground can properly 
maintain, the rest may be destroyed. It will be of advantage in various ways 
that coppice should, in their first designation, be so laid out as to grow for several 
falls. This will have the effect of equalizing in some degree the extent, and with 
it the price of the labor best owed on them during a succession of years. The 
market will be less in danger of being overstocked at particular periods with 
their produce while it is ill supplied at others. And if the number of divisions 
be made to correspond to the age at which it is proposed that the underwood 
should be cut, it may, after the attainment of the first of them to that point, be 
counted upon for a regular and constant annual income. Hence, in places where 
fuel is scarce, or where there is, from other reasons, a demand for such produce, 
this becomes a very advantageous method of applying land, towards which there 
is the further favorable circumstance that no sort of grounds almost, but may, 
through some plant or other, have it put in practice upon them. 


CARE OF TIMBER TREES. 


When a wood, instead of being disposed of in the manner just stated, is to be 
allowed to stand for full grown timber it is to be considered that though it will 
not be necessary to watch over it in the advanced stages of its growth with the 
same assiduity as during its infancy, yet, to neglect it then altogether would be 
so far to defeat the object of all that early care. Trees, in general, are very 
susceptible of management; those that are inclined to become crooked may be 
made to grow straight, and the straight crooked by proper treatment; the spread- 
ing may be made to close, and the close to spread. It is true there may be too 
much of this management as well as too little; it may be ill directed, ill applied, 
and in every way so injudicious, as, in effect, to bring on those very disorders 
which it ought to have been its part to prevent or to correct. The examples 
which are to be met with, of woods injured, and very materially, from each of 


*In respect to the season for felling coppices, the same principles will apply generally as for large 
timber. The ground must always be cleared of every thing so timeously as not to interrupt the next 
growth, and fenced as at the beginning. 

&5 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40), A. 1896 


these causes, while they indicate on the one hand the necessity of a certain 
attention being paid to them, prove with equal clearness that this must be under 
proper regulation, and never separated from the exercise of a sound judgment. 
That the juices of trees may not be exhausted unprofitably, it will be proper 
that the care should still be continued of removing superflous branches by timely 
pruning, and that suckers and parasitical plants should be extirpated as speedily 
as possible. The various injuries from certain states of the ground, from winds, 
or from the intrusions of reptiles, insects or other animals, must be counteracted 
seasonably and met with proper remedies, and if the management has not from 
the beginning been in proper hands, it will often be not the least object of care 
to correct or to remove the effects of former ill-treatment.* 
: To go over the various disorders to which trees are subject, describing 
minutely the approved means of cure in each case, would lead to some length of 
detail into which it is the less necessary to enter, as, on the one hand, these 
remedies are for the most part of a simple and obvious nature, and on the other, 
the great preventive of diseases, in general, is to hold the wood from the first 
under proper training. Let the ground be always kept free from stagnant 
moisture, the room for the growth of the trees enlarged as may seem necessary, 
so as, eventually, they may stand at the distance from each other of twenty or 
thirty, or even more feet, if their tops should spread so far as to require this ; let 
the toppings to be taken off be removed so early that it may be done with the 
least danger to the body of the tree, and be cut over with a smooth clean stroke 
in the direction of the growth. Let these things be attended to and there will 
be, for the most part, but little to do in the way of effecting cures. But suppos- 
ing it should still unfortunately happen that some trees should get covered over 
with moss, that water getting lodgement should threaten the decay of some of 
them, or that canker, with pestilential breath, should appear in any instance to 
have begun its fatal progress, then let the earliest opportunity be taken of 
removing such external coating, of scooping away the parts more inwardly 
disorded, and of putting nature again in the path to recover her lost tone and to 
restore a suspended vegetation, The longer these operations are delayed, after 
the occasion has arisen for them, the more critical they will become, and pro- 
portionably more will be the delicacy required in every respect to their successful 
performance. With every attention to these points, after the utmost caution in 
cutting out what is infected, in covering up the tender parts, which would in 
consequence be exposed,f by proper applications, in watching generally the 


*The reclaiming of neglected plantations, as happens in all other instances of a similar kind, is com- 
monly a more difficult task than it would have been to have trained them properly at first. Hach operation 
of pruning or thinning will be the more hazardous in proportion as it has been too long delayed, and will 
require accordingly to be performed by so much the more an experienced and cautious hand. 


+Even in cases or ordinary pruning, when any branch of rather large size has been lopt off, it will be 
proper to protect the trees from injury of weather by rubbing the wood over with tar, paint, or some such 
‘substance. In the more difficult part of remedying disorders, it may be necessary in addition sometimes 
to lay over that a cap of lead. 
89 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. i896 


symptoms of the disease as well as the tendencies to a cure, the result will in 
different cases be far from being certain. But an extreme and final remedy is. 
always within reach, which is to cut down, in whatever stage of their growth 
they may be, such trees as, admitting of no hope of restoration, would only become 
the worse for having their term further prolonged. 

We learn, from many examples, to how very great an age trees, when favor- 
ably circumstanced, will attain without showing any symptom of decay, and what. 
a proportionate vastness of size they may at length acquire. It is not, however, 
in any degree necessary to wait their arrival to this ultimate maturity before cut- 
ting them down. They will yield perfectly good timber at much earlier{periods,, 
and it will be a question rather of adaptation to particular exigencies, or generally 
of economy than any thing else, to fix in different instances the proper age of 
felling. The season of the year most advantageous for the purpose, it might 
have been supposed, would admit of little doubt, but it is known that consider- 
able differences of sentiment have prevailed on this point both in ancient and in. 
modern times. In general, it may be observed, that so far as the timber is con- 
cerned, it will undoubtedly be of much importance that the felling should take 
place at a time when there is no exuberance of sap in the trees, that is sometime. 
between the autumn and the spring, An objection may be made to this season, 
in respect of such trees as afford a useful bark, on account of the difficulty of 
stripping them when taken down at those times. To determine between these 
opposite claims, the ready way is to consider whether the bark is the object 
principally to be had in view or the timber. If the former, the season of cutting 
will fall to be regulated accordingly. But this can never be the case in respect. 
of trees come to any considerable size, which it will be proper to guard against 
the danger of putrefaction and insect larvae, even at the risk of the total loss of 
the bark, though that too may be completely carried, and even with advantage 
to the timber, by stripping’ it off in the summer previous to the fall.* 

If there were more difficulty than there thus appears to be, in uniting a due 
regard to the timber of grown trees, with the preservation of their bark, it were 
of the less consequence, as the bark of old trees is in fact far from being of the 
most valuable quality. It is to the coppice that we are to look chiefly for this 
production, by its returns in which, perhaps it is, that the greatest inducements. 
are: held out generally to this mode of culture. These are often very consider- 
able ; so much so, that, taking into account the further circumstance of their 


comparative earliness, it is not very wonderful, that there should be a scarcity of 


(Soh Meee ies SEL SE en Bee Cad eka aa AI RY Sg ieee es ey 

*So far was this from being judged to be the case at one period, that we Gnd a law formerly existing 
in France, by which the stripping trees of their bark before they were felled was prohibited under a con- 
siderable penalty. But Buffon has properly remarked, that the effect of the practice so discountenanced is 
to improve the quality of timber by giving to the more sappy parts the same hardness and close texture as 
to the heart. The same advantage may be gained in some degres by disbranching trees the season before 
felling, which it will be proper to do in any event, previously to their being taken down, with the view of 
making their fall easier and the danger of injury consequently less, either to themselves or to the adjoining 
wood. What may be wanted after this, to their complete seasoning, will be quickly effected by their 
exposure in the usual way to the air. 

90 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


full-grown oaks. Upon the principle just stated, the season for cutting coppices 
of this sort, is from the beginning of May till about midsummer. The process of 
decortication is a very simple one. Three sets of work people are employed ; 
one in cutting down the trees; another in clearing them of brushwood, reducing 
them into convenient lengths, and carrying them to the barkers, who form the 
third party, and consist commonly of women and children. Every branch, of an 
inch diameter, is stripped of its bark. The tools required for this work are a 
light mallet, and some sharp wedges, all usually of ash. Any larger piece of 
wood being laid along the ground, is beaten smartly, for some time, over its 
whole length, with the mallet: when the bark is thus loosened, it is started by 
thrusting or driving in a wedge at the thick end, and leading it on till it be 
brought out at the other. The wedge is then applied on each side of the incis- 
ion, and its effect assisted as formerly, by beating still before its point, till the 
wood is gradually separated from its exterior covering, by a mode of operation 
resembling nearly that of flaying an animal. Smaller pieces are, for the greater 
ease in working, placed on a smooth stone, and, being beaten all round, are 
quickly brought into the like condition. The principal point to be attended to 
always is, that the bark be taken off in shreds as long and large as possible, for 
the convenience both of carrying and of drying. 


With a view to the latter purpose, an open and rather elevated situation 
being pitched upon, pieces of wood are driven into the ground, upon which are 
rested poles that run parallel, two and two to each other, at the height of about 
a yard above the surface. Of two poles thus connected together, it may be 
advantageous that the one should be raised a very little higher than the other, 
for better throwing off the rain; and different fabrics of this sort may be placed 
at the distance from each other of about four or five feet. On these is to be 
disposed the bark, daily, as it is taken off, one row of it being placed above an- 
other, to the thickness of about six or eight inches. The grosser and more board- 
like pieces which occur, may be left standing against the sides of the frames, or 
put up in small conical piles. The bark ought to be turned once or twice a day, 
according to the state of the weather, till fit for removal: this will be of bene- 
ficial consequence, in respect of the preservation of its natural juices, when the 
principal agent in drying happens to be wind rather than sun. The bark will 
suffer nothing from occasional gentle showers during this period; it may indeed 
even be the better for them; but, from exposure to long-continued rains, there 
would be reason to apprehend the moist injurious consequences. The chief 
criterion by which the quality of bark is judged, is the high brown color of its 
inner rind, with the astringent taste, both of which would be brought into danger 
in such circumstances. The first thing that suggests itself, by way of preventive, 
is to turn outwards, and expose to the blast, only the natural surface. The thick 
bark formerly alluded to, may now also be employed to good purpose, in cover- 


9] 


59 Victoria. Sessicnal Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


ing up and protecting the more valuable parts of the produce. When fair 
weather returns, the care of drying the whole will proceed as before, till, having 
been brought into such a state that there is no longer any risk of its fermenta- 
tion, it is to be housed, or put up into small stacks, carefully thatched, where it 
may remain till wanted for use.* 

Independently of the bark, the wood of the copse, as has been observed, may 
be turned to good account in various ways. To several purposes it is applicable 
in its natural state ; but its value is much increased in consequence of its suit- 
ableness for charring. 

In conclusion of the whole subject which has now come under observation, 
it may be remarked, that those situations must be very unhappily circumstanced, 
in which the planting and care of woods may not, through some of the channels 
by which the returns of this mode of industry are conveyed, become adequately 
productive. It is not unknown, how ungrateful generally to the cultivator is the 
necessity of a long delay before he can receive the fruit of his labor ; yet, if there 
be tracts of ground, and we know that there are such in this country, which are 
good almost for nothing in their present state, but which there is reason to 
believe, might be planted to very considerable advantage ; would it be a liberal 
or even a gainful policy, to withhold the labor or expense necessary for that 
purpose, from the apprehension of the distance of the profits ? Plantations, 
judiciously managed, may be brought to yield partial returns, even in a few 
years; and though they should never bring any remuneration to those whose 
attention formed them at first, and guided them during their early progress, does 
the present age owe nothing to prosterity ? Assuredly it does. And if the gene- 
ration which now is, shall not make better provision for the succeeding one, at 
least the earth ought not to be left by the existing generation in a worse condi- 
tion than they received it, in respect to ornament, shelter, or the means of 


accommodation, from its greater and more slowly perfected productions. 
_ *The management for other useful barks, differs little from that just described. Thus in regard to the 
birch and mountain ash, which yield also valuable barks, the only points of distinction are, that the trees 


are cut down and stripped earlier in the year; and that the outer rind, which would be good for nothing 
to the tanner, is separated and thrown away during the process of barking. 


92 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


TREES AS INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES. 
A. KIRKWOooD. 


oe 


Bass Woop. 


Mr. Johnson, United States Consul at Stuttgart, in the Consular Reports 
for December, 1893, notices the attempts made in Germany to produce a sub- 
stitute for olive oil, and says that the south Germans have made a table oil from 
the beech nut which -has “given great satisfaction,” but the supply is too pre- 
carious on account of the scarcity of the nut in certain years. More recently a 
better and more certain substitute has been found in oil made from the seed of 
linden trees. According to the report of Dr. C. Miiller to the German Botanical 
Society, this oil “has a number of excellent qualities, which would appear to 
make it certain that the Linden seed will be considered one of the principal 
sources for obtaining table oil.” The regularity with which the linden produces 
seed precludes any fear of scarcity ; and the percentage of oil in linden seed is 
given as fifty-eight. It is maintained, Consul Johnson says, that “the oil has a 
peculiarly fine flavor, free from all bitter or aromatic taste, and that it has the 
appearance of olive oil. It belongs also to the oils which do not evaporate, Oil 
made from Linden seed will never become rancid. It has no tendency to 
oxygenate. It will stand a great degree of cold without freezing. Dr. Miiller 
has exposed it to a temperature of three degrees Fahrenheit below zero without 
being able to notice any change.” 

A correspondent of Garden and Forest, New York, put this question to the 
editor, “Do you suppose that the seeds of our native lindens (bass wood) would 
yield such a percentage of so excellent an oil?” The subject is an interesting 
one, the editor said, and well worth the attention of our agricultural chemists. 

There are several species of the European linden, or lime tree, Tilia Europea. 
A lime tree in Berkshire, England, known to be more than two hundred years 
old, has a diameter of twenty-two feet ten inches, at one foot from the ground. 

The honey made by bees feeding on the flowers of the European lime tree, 
is very excellent, and is considered superior to all other kinds for its delicacy of 
flavor; and the whole flower is deliciously fragrant, especially towards evening 

‘* At dewy eve diffusing odors,” 

An infusion of the flowers has long held, and deservedly, wide reputation as 
an antispasmodic medicine. The sap yields a considerable proportion of sugar, 
and is made, by fermentation, into an agreeable vinous liquor. A substance like 
chocolate has been made of the ripe fruit, but has the inconvenience of not con- 
tinuing sweet.* The wood was used by the ancients, according to Pliny, for 


* Emerson, 
° 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


bucklers, on account of its flexibility, lightness and resiliency ; and the bark, to 
cover cottages and form baskets; and the inner bark was employed, under the 
name of Philyra, to write on, and also as in modern times, as a material for mats. 
The European lime tree has been long cultivated in this country, and is as per- 
fectly adapted to our climate as our native linden. In medicine its supposed 
virtues were very great; the leaves and bark had a healing power, and decoctions 
of various parts beautified the skin and promoted the growth of the hair. The 
seed was said to be eaten by no animal. 

In the middle ages the same honors were paid to the lime tree which belonged 
to the poplar, a tree which derived its name from being the emblem of popular 
freedom. During the struggles of the Swiss and Flemish to recover their 
liberty, it was their custom to plant a lime tree on the field of every battle that 
they gained over their oppressors. When, too, we recollect that the father of 
modern botany, Linnzus, derived his name from the Swedish Lin (linden tree), 
we must allow that it is recommended to us by the most pleasing associations. 

The linden tree, or bass wood, Tilia Americana rises to a considerable height 
with an even, erect, or pillar-like trunk, and many branches. When growing 
free by itself, it often assumes a conical form of striking regularity. In autumn, 
the leaves turn to a lemon yellow color. The leaf-stalk is half the length of the 
leaf and smooth. Flower-stalk as long as the leaf, smooth, twice or thrice 
trichotomous at the end, rising from the upper axil of the leaf, pendulous, attached 
for half its length, to an oblong, membranous, ribbon-like pale straw-colored 
bract, as long as itself. The flowers, which are from nine to twenty-seven, are 
yellowish white and fragrant. The fruit is a woody or bony, pubescent, roundish, 
gray nut, one-fourth of an inch in diameter, containing one seed. It flowers in 
July and August, and ripens its fruit in October. 

The lime tree, though not applied to so many valuable uses as it was in the 
time of Pliny is valuable for many purposes. The flowers diffused in hot water 
make an agreeable kind of tea. The leaves and young shoots are mucilaginous 
and may be employed in poultices and fomentations. The timber is better 
adapted than any other for the purposes of the carver, it will take any form 
whatever ; it admits of the greatest sharpness in the minute details, and it is cut 
with the greatest ease. 

The superiority of lime wood for the purposes of sculpture is confirmed by 
the fact that Gibbon, the celebrated carver in wood preferred it to any other. 
Walpole calls Gibbon “ An original genius, a citizen of nature. There is no instance 
before him of a?man who gave to wood the loose and airy lightness of flowers, 
and chained together the various productions of the elements, with the free dis- 
order natural to each species.” Many fine specimens of Gibbon’s carvings still 
exist in their original beauty at Windsor Castle, St. Paul’s Cathedral, and many 
of the mansions of the nobility. 

94 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1898 
SSS 

The wood of the lime tree is of a pale yellow or white, close-grained, soft, 
light and smooth, and not attacked by insects. Its weight, per cubic foot, when 
green, fifty-five pounds; half dry, forty-five pounds; and dry, thirty-seven 
pounds. It is used by pianoforte-makers for sounding boards, and by cabinet- 
makers and toy-makers for a variety of purposes. It is carved into toys, picture 
frames, turned into domestic utensils of various kinds, and into small boxes for the 
apothecaries. This wood is said to make excellent charcoal for gunpowder ; even 
better than alder, and nearly as good as hazel. Baskets and cradles were 
formerly made from the twigs ; and shoe-makers and glovers are said to prefer 
planks of lime tree for cutting the finer kinds of leather upon. The leaves of 
the lime tree, in common with those of the elm and the poplar, were used, both 
in a dried and in a green state for feeding cattle, by the Romans; and they are 
still collected for the same purpose in Sweden, Norway, Carniola and Switzerland. 

But the peculiar use of the lime is for the formation of mats from its inner 
bark. In June when the leaves begin to develop themselves, and the tree is full 
of sap, branches or stems of from eight to twenty year’s growth, are cut and 
trimmed and the bark is separated from them from one end to the other. This 
is easily done by simply drawing the edge of a knife along the whole length of 
the tree or branch, so as to cut the bark to the soft wood. It then rises on each 
side of the wound, and almost separates of itself. If mats are to be made 
immediately, the bark is next beaten with mallets on a block of wood, and 
children are employed to separate the inner bark, which comes off in strands or 
ribands, while the outer bark detaches itself in scales. If mats are not to be 
made for some time, the bark. is dried in a barn or shed, and either kept there or 
stacked till it is wanted. It is then steeped twenty-four hours in water, beaten 
as before,.and put into a heap, where it remains, till it undergoes a slight 
fermentation. When this has taken place, the inner bark separates in ribands 
and shreds as before. With the shreds, cords of different kinds are twisted in 
the usual manner; and mats are formed with the ribands in the same way as 
tush mats. The ribands which are to be used in forming mats for gardens 
undergo a sort of bleaching for the purpose of depriving them of part of their 
mucilage, which would otherwise render them too liable to increase and diminish 
in bulk by atmospheric changes. The great advantage of lime, or bast mats, over 
all others in gardens, is that they do not so easily rot from being exposed to 
moisture. 

Ropes are still made from the bark of the tree in Cornwall, and in some parts 
of Devonshire. The fishermen of Sweden make nets for catching fish of the 
fibres of the inner bark separated by maceration, so as to form a kind of flax. 
On the Ohio river, Michaux says it was employed as the material from which 
the tigure-heads for prows of vessels were carved. 


95 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


The lime bears the smoke of cities better than any other tall-growing forest 
tree; and for this reason the shaded walks about many cities in Europe, more 
especially in Germany, are planted with it, and it is not so liable to get unsightly 
from wounds and decayed branches, as almost any other tree. It is recommended, 
as preferable to the elm, for sheltering gardens or orchards; because the roots do 
not, like those of the elm, spread out and impoverish all around them. A deep 
and rather light soil is recommended, but the largest trees are generally found in 
a good loamy soil. In dry situations it never attains a large size, and loses its. 
leaves earlier than any other tree. The tree in Britain appears seldom to ripen 
its seeds. 

As an ornamental tree, the linden is to be recommended where the object is. 
to obtain a great mass of foliage and a deep shade. No other native tree sur- 
passes it in the abundance of its foliage. These qualities adapt it admirably for 
being used as a screen, as a welcome shade for cattle, or as a shelter to protect: 
more tender trees against the wind. It might therefore be planted to supply the 
place of the native forests, in situations where fruit trees are suffering from being 
deprived of this protection. Its growth is very rapid, it bears pruning almost to 
any extent, and may be trained to,grow as tall or as low and bushy as may be 
required. 

What Bryant said of another group of trees is true of the linden. 


‘¢ These shades are still the abodes 
Of undissembled gladness ; the thick roof 
Of green and stirring branches is alive 
And musical with birds, that sing and sport 
In wantonness of spirit ; while below, 
The squirrel, with raised paws and form erect, 
Chirps merrily. Throngs of insects in the glade 
Try their thin wings, and dance in the warm beam 
That waked them into life. Even the green trees 
Partake the deep contentment as they bend 
To the soft winds ; the sun from the blue sky 
Looks in, and sheds a blessing on the scene ; 
Scarce less the cleft-born wild-flower seems to enjoy 
Existence, than the winged plunderer 
That seeks its sweets.” 


The linden may be propagated by layers, by shoots, or by seed. As plants: 
raised from seed are of comparatively slow growth, the French gardeners, accord- 
ing to Du Hamel, employ the following mode of propagation which may be easily 
practised in our native forests, where this tree is remarkable for the abundant. 
shoots from the stumps. They cut an old tree close to the ground, which soon 
sends up a multitude of shoots. “ Among these they throw a quantity of soil, 
which they allow to remain two or three years; after which they find the shoots 
well rooted, and of a sufficient height and strength to be planted at once where 
they are finally to remain.” This mode is also practised with the elm. 

Hunter gives the following directions for forming layers from shoots of the 
American lime : “ When the layering of these is to be performed, which ought to 


96 


88 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


ee __ 


be in the autumn, the strong two years shoots must be brought down ; and if 
they are stiff and do not bend readily, they must have a gentle splash with the 
knife near the bottom ; a slit should be made at the joint for every one of the 
youngest twigs, and their ends bent backwards that the slit may be kept open. 
This being done, the mould must be levelled among the layers, and the ends of 
them taken off within one eye of the ground. The business is then done ; and 
the autumn following they will have all good roots, many of which will be strong, 
and fit to plant out for good, whilst the weakest may be removed into the nursery 
ground, in rows, to gain strength. 


Hicxory.—J UGLANDACE, CARYA. 


Useful Nut and Timber Trees. 


The hickory is peculiar to America, In many respects it is amongst the most 
valuable of our trees. It is always a stately and elegant tree ; and the several 
Species, and individuals in the same Species, exhibit so great a variety of appear- 
ance and foliage that they have almost the interest of a forest. Few trees con- 
tribute so much to the beauty of the woods in autumn. The colors of all at that 
Season are rich, and each species has its own. The Smoothness, closeness and 
hardness of the grain of the wood give it great value in the arts; and for fuel 
it holds unquestionably the first place. The fruit of some of the species, even in 
the unimproved condition of its forest state, vies with the best of foreign nuts, 
and is destined, doubtless, to be greatly improved by the resources of cultivation. 
With such claims, Emerson states, it has a right to demand more attention than 
jt has yet received, 

The hickories are stately trees. All of them have, more than any other | 
- native deciduous tree, a tendency, even when growing by themselves on the open 
plain, to rise to a great height, and form a tall cylindrical head, not wide, but 
holding a breadth of twenty or thirty feet, with only such breaks and irregu- 
larities as preserve it from sameness, to the very top. This great beauty of the 
tree would recommend it for transplantation to the sides of commons and publie 
roads, if it were not for the sreat difficulty with which it is removed after it has 
attained any height. The principal root, except, perhaps, in the case of the bitter- 
nut hickory, is a very long and perpendicular taproot, with few fibres or side 
roots. It is, therefore, liable to be so muc : injured in transplanting, from the loss 
of the extremity, that few trees survive the operation. To be successfully propa- 
gated, it must therefore be raised from the seed, sown where the tree is finally to 
remain. In our bleak and windy climate few trees will grow without shelter in 
their earlier years, The hickories, whether for high forest or coppice, should be 


raised in large masses, of several acres at least. And the nuts, previously made 
7 ER, 97 


59 Victoria. - Sessional Papers (No. 40). A 1896 
DG AOS WEES 


to germinate in boxes filed with earth and kept moist in the cellar,* should be 
sown so plentifully as to allow for casualties, such as the depredations of squirrels. 
and other small animals, and still remain growing pretty thickly. Their growth 
at first is slow, but it is more rapid in proportion to the completeness of their pro- 
tection on every side. 

When the young plants have attained the height of from five to eight feet, 
they may be thinned out for the purpose of making walking sticks, for which the 
consumption is very considerable, and the demand increasing. When at the 
height of fifteen or twenty feet, and from two to four inches in diameter, they 
may be still further thinned for hoops and wheel spokes. The value of the young 
and growing trees for fuel and other purposes will be a sufficient inducement to 
continue the operation of thinning to as great a degree as is necessary for coppice. 
and for the best growth of the larger trees, which may be left standing for timber 
or for the fruit. | : 7 

The uses to which hickory wood is put are very numerous. Great numbers of 
walking sticks are made of it, as tor this purpose no other native wood equals it for 
beauty and strength. It is next in value to white oak for making hoops, of which 
ereat quantities are made. The price these bring is such that it is doubtful 
whether land of a suitable quality can in any other way be made so productive 
as in raising them. Hickory makes the best screws, the smoothest and most 
durable handles for chisels, augers, gimlets, axes, and many other common tools. 
Seasoned wood of some varieties of the pignut and mockernut trees is equal in 
durability to iron wood or lignum vitee for mallets and heads of beetles, being 
tougher and more durable than white oak. The sailor prefers a hickory hand- 
spike. Its smoothness and tenacity recommend it’ for the screws of presses» 
the rings which confine the sails of small vessels to the mast, and for the cogs of 
grist-mills. The carriage maker employs it for the springs of gigs, the whitile- 
trees of stage coaches, and the wheel spokes and shafts of light wagons. The 
farmer makes of 1t the teeth of his rakes, bows for nis yokes, and handles for his 
axes ; uses it, when white or yellow oak cannot be readily found, for axle-trees, 
saws it into plank for barn floors, and applies 1t to many other purposes. For 
tide mills it is preferable to oak timber, as it is not attacked by worms when 1n 
salt water. 

As is the case with most other woods, that is most valuable which has grown 


which in consequence, has least of the red-heart wood. That 


most rapidly, and 
of the pignut is heaviest, next in succession the shell-bark and mockernut, in the: 


proportion, when green, of 31.29 and 25. 

As fuel, hickory 1s preferred to every other wood, burning freely even when 
green, making & pleasant brilliant fire, and throwing out great heat. Charcoal 
nade from it is heavier than that from any other wood, but it is not considered 


; 
* Michaux. 
98 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Sa ee 


more valuable than that of birch or alder, The ashes of the hickories abound in 


————__ 


alkali, and are consdered better for the purpose of inaking soap gthan any other 
of the native woods, being next to those of the apple tree, 

The shell-bark hickory ought to be cultivated for its nuts. These differ 
exceedingly in different soils and situations, and often on individual trees growing 
in immediate proximity. There is a common idea, which seems to be well 
founded that the exzellence of the nut is proportioned to the roughness of the 
bark. An observation of the elder Michaux encourages us to hope that the fruit 
may be greatly improved by cultivation. The nuts vary very much in hardness. 
and thickness ; the best varieties being thinner and softer, and having common! y 
a@ rounder and fuller shape, than the poorer sorts. The kernel is very sweet, 
much superior in quality to that of any other native nut, and, in the best. 
varieties, it is equal to any imported nut. It ripens in October, Every fruit. 
which is much used for food, execpt this, has been improved by careful eultiy- 
ation of many centuries. The shell-bark hickory, Emerson Says, 18 & proper 
subject for experiments, to be made with special reference to the improvement of 
the nut. Those varieties should be selected which unite, in the greatest devree, 
thinness of shell with fulness and richness of kernel. If as Sreat a change can 
be wrought as has been effected in the common European walnut, which, in its 
wild state, is small and thick-shelled, the fruit of the shagbark will be far. 
superior to any nut now known.* 

The wood of the shall-bark hickory splits more easily than that of the other 
Species, and has more elasticity. It is therefore preferred for whip-stalks, goads, 
and ox-bows; and sometimes it is used for making baskets. It has less Strenoth 
and tenacity than the wood of the pignut hickory, though it pessesses in a high 
degree these characteristic properties. 

As fuel, it stands at the head of the list of trees belonging to our climate, or 
probably to any other. It is the heaviest of our native woods, and yields pound 
per pound, or cord for cord, more heat than any other, in any Shape in which it 
may be consumed. 

The principal descriptions of timber used for carriage wheels. of every kind, 
is elm for naves, hickory aud oak for spokes, ash and elm for felioes. Spokes are 
what is generally termed blocked before they are sold, and they are generally 
blocked out of small hickory and oak trees, for which purpose the hickory and 
oak timber of natural coppice-wood are remarkably well adapted. As these. 
‘spokes must not have the heart of the tree in them, they are, after being cross 
cut to the proper length, cut with a Saw, and are most generally made from the 
cleanest of the wood. The cart-wright and wheel-wright give high prices for every 
piece of wood, of proper size and sort for their respective purposes, and the 


*The fruit of the pecan is considered as one of the best of the hickories, and occasionally a tree is { ound 
upon which it is exceptionally fine, 


99 


$9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). | A. 1896 


smaller branches which were formerly given away or burnt, may be sold to the 
manufacturers of dyeing and printing colors who extract from them the liquid 
pyroligneous acid in considerable quantities, and apply it to various uses. In 
this process a considerable bulk of tar is also obtained, and the wood is reduced 
to very fine charcoal. 

A method of thickening coppice-woods which has been tried with success, 
and might be extended with advantage, is by layers. The rods which would be 
vemoved in thinning or weeding, are, at any period of their growth, from the 
second to the sixteenth year, bent down to the ground, secured in a horizontal 
position by forks, and buried in the ground at proper intervals. In a short time 
those parts which are in the earth send out new roots, which are speedily 
followed by the growth of young shoots. The communication with the parent 
stem may then be cut off; and the new stool thus formed becomes in due time 
fit for being cut along with the rest of the wood. It is easy to perceive that any 
hickory wood growing on a proper soil may in this way be brought to its 
maximum of thickness at no distant period. 7 

No young shoots of any value spring from the stump of a large tree. It 
has been found that there is no growth from stocks exceeding fourteen inches 
+n diameter; the young shoots spring up with incredible vigor and rapidity, 
attaining sometimes the height of six or seven feet, and the thickness of half an 
snch in the first year of their growth. In reserving standard trees, those ought 
to be selected which are apparantly healthy and vigorous, that they ought to 
stand on the outskirts, or in vacant parts of the wood, and that particular care 
ought to be taken, in pruning, not to lop off great branches by which the tree is 
often irreparably injured, and prevented from ever attaining its full size and 


value. 


WILLOWS AND OSIERS. 


Saricacen (Willow Family), Salia. 


Soft-wooded trees or shrubs growing in damp places, with alternate, 
usually quite elongated, pointed, deciduous leaves without lobes. Of the willow 
family there have been enumerated about one hundred and forty species and 
varieties. The willow is a light, graceful and quick-growing tree, and is confined 
chiefly to the temperate regions of Kurope and America. It flourishes on the 


banks of rivers and lakes, and other moist situations. 


‘© Where the ruanel winds its weedy way, 


And where the willows on its margin grow.” 


Those kinds which attain a timber size are chiefly valued for the rapidity 
of their growth, as they produce a great bulk of trunk and lop in a short time ; 
and the bark of most of the species has recently been used in tanning, being, at 


an averaye of sorts about half as valuable as that of the oak. 
100 


09 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1893 
pe Se ey a ee 


Osiers. 


The osier stands first as a coppice wood, whether it be cut annually for the 
use of the basket-makers or be suffered to stand three, four, five or a greater 
number of years for the purposes of withs, hurdles, stakes, rake-handles, other 
implements of husbandry, or poles of almost any length or dimensions. Not- 
withstanding, the osier is usually planted near water, there is good reason to 
believe it affects a dry situation: this we know, that it will not flourish in 
water, that is, when water has a constant communication with its roots. The 
places it most delights in are drained moors and the banks of Jarge rivers, both 
of which are dry situations. It has no dislike, however, to being flooded occa- 
sionally, but seems rather to be invigorated by such irrigation; therefore the 
banks which we’ frequently see thrown up by the sides of rivers, and which 
sometimes lie for a long time before they become profitable, are peculiarly 
eligible tobe converted into osier grounds. The method of planting an osier 
ground is this: The soil being laid perfectly dry, and its surface made thorouhly 
clean, cuttings of the second or third year’s growth, and about twelve inches 
long, are planted in drills about two feet and a half asunder in the month of 
March or April. The cuttings ought to be thrust seven or eight inches deep, 
leaving four or five inches of head above ground. 

The intervals must be stirred with a small plough or hoe, as the first year a 
crop of potatoes may be taken. The drills in either case must be kept perfectly 
clean with the hand-hoe, and at the approach of winter the intervals must be 
split and the*mould thrown to the roots of the young plants in order to lay them 
dry and warm during the winter, 

In spring it will be well to trim off the first year’s shoots (though not 
necessary) and replace the plants which have failed with fresh cuttings. The 
second summer the intervals must be kept stirred, the drills hoed and the plants 
earthed up, as before, against winter. 

The ensuing spring the stools must again be cleared, although the twigs as 
yet will be of little value; but the third cutting they will produce marketable 
ware, and will increase in quantity and value until the profits arising from them 
will be almost incredible. 

The principal errors into which most persons fall who attempt to establish 
plantations of osier, seem to be the following: Employing improper soil, peat 
earth perhaps, or poor bog ; imperfect or perhaps no preparation of the soil 
though proper in other respects ; bad or useless sorts planted ; too few cuts put 
into the ground ; want of cultivation, particularly during the first spring and 
summer after planting ; allowing the shoots to be cut over after November and 
before the middle of March, which may be the cause of the stocks being much 
weakened by hard frost succeeding heavy rains immediately after the twigs have 


101 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}. A. 1893 


een cut and before the wounds from the knife are healed up. Tf it is expected 
to rear the finest and most valuable twigs the land must be cured of chilling, 
weeping springs, and if the soil is not of considerable richness, it must be made 
so with manure. Moderate moisture is favorable to the production of fine twigs, 
but water continually stagnant may be considered as ruinous, and very destruc- 
+ive in summer by preventing the wood from ripening. 

It is also considered necessary to trim and dress the stocks from decayed 
wood, and to leave only as many buds on each as the plant will bring to good 
perfection in length and strength of shoot, cutting down the superabundant 
stumps to the old wood ; extirpating the weakest shoots or stumps, and seldom 
leaving more than two buds or eyes on those made choice of to stand to produce 
next summer's growth. ; 

This operation should be performed in November, or beginning of April, 
going regularly over the plantation with a strong, sharp pruning knife, examin- 
ing every stock with attention and trimming it to the best advantage. All this 
can be done for a trifling expense if the stocks are trained from the beginning, 
and regularly trimmed every time the plantation is cut over. Instead of an 
infinite number of small, weak shoots, the longest probably little above four feet 
long, as may be observed in plantations where no attention is paid to training 
and trimming the stocks, or pains taken to keep down weeds and grass by care- 
ful and regular hoeing ; those who pursue a different and opposite management 
have the satisfaction of seeing the shoots on their plantations of osiers from four 
tu nine feet long and of the best quality. 

The willow grows so incredibly fast that there was a bye-word in Bucking- 
hamshire that the profit by willows will buy their owner a horse betore that any 
other tree will pay for his saddle. 

An osier plantation may be made at any time after the fall of the leaf, and 
an early period in spring. Cuttings fifteen inches long should be taken with the 
knife on an upward slope from well-ripened wood of either two or three years’ 
erowth. They grow more luxuriantly when planted about two-thirds of their 
length in the ground. They may be put into the ground by means of a dibber, 
shod with iron, the earth being firmly compressed about them. The shoots may 
be put into the ground perpendicularly, or, in the case of a mound, as a river 
bank to be defended, in a slanting direction. | 

The soil adapted to the willow is one which is more or less aluminous, and 
so capable of retaining the water which is imbibed by it. The siliceous sands 
and incoherent gravels are unsuited to the willow, because, although they readily 
imbibe water, they do not retain and supply it in due quantity to the growing 
plants. Although the willow requires an adequate supply of water, it is injured 
by an excess of it, whether upon the surface or under ground, and hence, when 
the willow is planted in marshy land, the excess of water should be drained 


102 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 
CD 
away by open trenches carried through the ground. The willow is not nice in 
the choice of soils, provided they be capable of preserving themselves sufficiently 
moist; but, like all trees, it grows most vigorously where the soil is naturally 
fertile. The best of all situations for the willow are the flat plains of the richer 
Clays, as the alluvial marshes, the deltas, islets and banks of rivers. It will orow 
in the higher grounds and at a considerable altitude, but such is not the proper 
situation for the larger willows, which are overturned and broken by the winds. 

When willows are cultivated for the larger timber, they should be planted in 
masses together, without any intermixture with any other trees. They them- 
selves require no shelter, and quickly overtop the species that are mixed with 
them. When planted thus, they grow uniformly with tall erect stems and 
become useful timber in a shorter time than any kind of trees. The instances are 
numerous of groves of willows growing nearly uniform to the height of sixty 
feet or more, with corresponding trunks, in twenty years. All that is required 
under this treatment is, that sufficient air shall be admitted, ‘by early cutting 
<lown of the supernumerary trees, which will grow again from the stocks, and 
prodace a coppice more useful than any that can be raised in the same time. 
Pianters who have only seen the willow cultivated in high grounds, where it is 
apt to be uprooted and broken by every storm, or placed in narrow belts, where 
it never becomes an upright tree, or stuck into some undrained marsh or miser- 
able peat bog, will be suprised to learn that the willow, cultivated as it should be, 
in masses along with its fellows, and in the situations suited to it, is one of the 
most ptofitable forest trees which can be produced in these latitudes, 

When willows are cultivated for coppice, they may be planted at the dis- 
tance of five or six feet each way, and cut down periodically at the age of six, 
seven or more years, when they will be fit for hoops, rails, ladders, and other 
country uses. The willow, too, may be grown for pollards, for which it is better 


suited then any kind of tree. 

Pliny says that the Britions used to make voyages in boats of willow. His 
description of them is thus given by Camden: 

‘* First, little boats of well soak’d twigs were made, 
A reeking hide above the twigs was laid : 
Thus rudely fitted, o’re the waves they rode , 
And stock’d with passengers outbrav’d the flood. 
Thus rough Venetians pass the lazie 7 ore 
And British keels the boundless ocean plow,” 

Julius Caesar relates, in his history of the Civil War that his recollection of 
the coracles which he had seen during his invasion of Britain, was, On one occasion 
the means of extricating his army from a critical position ; for, being hemmed in 
by the enemy, and being unable to throw a bridge across a river which impeded 
his movements, he set his troops to work, and quickly completed enough boats 
to transport his army. 


108 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A 1886 | 


nnn 


When willows are cultivated for osiers, they are formed into plantations, 
with nearly the same care as the hop or vine. The land should be trenched, 
freed of strange plants, and drained, if necessary, by trenches, at regular dis- 
tances, like the water-furrows of fields, the earth of the trenches being thrown 
up to increase the depth of soil. The shoots are planted in rows, at the distance 
of three feet or less, the plants themselves being at the distance of eighteen inches 
or more, according to the nature of the soil ; and they are to be kept perfectly 
clean, by regular hoeing. In the second year they will be fit to be cut down, and 
_ to yield afterwards their regular crops of shoots, which are cut every year, SO 
long as the plantation remains in vigor. There is no kind of woodland which 
yields a larger and steadier return than the osier holt or plantation, when favor- 
ably placed, with respect to soil, and the means of disposing of the produce. 

The willow chiefly interests us for its economical uses, but Low has remarked 
that it is not without characters which may gratify the tastes. It has nothing 
of the gay foliage of the oak, the maple, the ash, the elm and other trees which 
delight us with their summer verdure. Its pensile boughs and drooping leayes 
produce rather feelings of a sadness which is not sorrow. It recalls to us the 
silent river, the sedgy pool, the lonely fountain. Amongst the livelier foliage of 
the woodland, the pale and drooping willow is out of keeping, and undoes the 
very charm which art should heighten. Its fitting place is by the brook, the 
pool, the lake, on the river shore, in the deep dell, where the stream may be 
imagined to trickle, and the fountain to issue forth. There, emblematic of cool- 


ness and moisture, the pensive willow may find the place which taste may thoose 
for it. | | 


Beneath the waving willow’s shade, | 

And the clustering grapes green bowers, 

Amyntas tuned his pipe and played— 

While Phyllis decked my head with flowers. 

—Virg. 
So general is the idea of sadness of the willow, that to “ wear the willow ” 

has become a familiar proverb. Fuller referring to the willow, says :—“A ‘sad 
tree, whereof such as have lost their love make their mourning garlands.” | 


Herrick, too, says of the willow: . 


‘© When once the lover’s rose is dead, 
Or laid aside forlorn, \ 

Then willow garlands round the head \ 
Bedew’d with tears are worn.” 


The wood of the willow is light and shrinks much in drying, but it is ae 
and elastic. It is employed by coach-makers, and for the lining of wagons used to \ 
carry hard substances, as stones ; for the boards of water-wheels, for the wheels of | 
glass-grinders, for the paddles of steamboats, for the keels of ships and for the 
entire construction of light and small vessels. It is employed for hay-rakes, the 
handles of different tools, for posts, rails, and for the purposes of the cooper, for 
hoops, hampers, baskets, erates, and wickerwork of all kinds, for which there is an 

104 


59 Victoria. | Sessicnal Papers (No. 40}. A, 1896 
2 ER aL a Pa 


incredible demand. It furnishes charcoal, which is greatly valued for the manu- 
facture of the finer kinds of gunpowder, on account of the property it possesses 
of igniting readily. The bark is used for tanning. In the older trees the bark is 
as rich in the tannin principle as the oak; but when the trees are felled at the 
usual age, it is reckoned of about half the value of that of the oak. 

Evelyn in his Silva feared that the progress of the iron manufacture would 
lead to the destruction of all the timber in England in the preparation of charcoal 
for furnaces. He did not forsee that a substitute would be found by charrine 
pit-coal into coke. In 1788 there were eighty-six iron furnaces in England, of 
which twenty-six were heated by charcoal of wood; in 1826 there were 305, all 
served by coke. 


The willow is in request for the use of the turner, and for lasts and toys, as 
a substitute, when dyed, for ebony, and for all purposes for which toughness, 
pliancy and elasticity are required, The best sorts for timber are the white, the 
Bedford, the crack willow and the goat's willow. Salia Caprea, or goat willow, 
which bears the yellow blossoms called palms,” possesses many valuable 
qualities. Bees are particularly fond of this blossom, which is a grateful resource 
to them after their hybernation, when flowers have scarcely dared to make their 
appearance, 


The willow hedge, which parts your neigbbor’s land, 
To bees of hybla yields unfailing s ore 

Of sweetest nectar, and with constant hum 

Invites repose.—Virg. Ec. 1. 

The leaves of the goat’s willow are considered in France the best food for 
cows, goats and horses, being collected in’ summer and stacked for winter 
consumption. 

The slender branches of the osier are useful for bird cages, springles for 
fastening down thatch, wheels or traps for catching lobsters and eels, and crates ; 
and the wood furnishes shoemakerg with cutting and whetting boards, on which 
they cut leather and sharpen the edges of their knives, For hampers and baskets 
the rods are made use of both with and without the bark ; in the latter case after 
_ being washed in clean water the baskets are placed in a close room, and subjected 
to the vapor of sulphur which renders the color delicately white. The rods are 
split into thin lengths for work-baskets and other light articles. The Milicete 
Indians scrape the bark from the young twigs of the shining or red willow, 
Salia lucida, and when dry mix it with their tobacco for smoking. They are 
very partial to this admixture, the odor of which js much more agreeable than 
that of pure tobacco, 

The bark of some kinds of willow in combination with alder has been uscd 
for striking a deep black color in the dyeing of linen. 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40): A, 1396 


Per cn eke ou ieee Ne Ee 


The boats used by the early Britons were constructed of willow rods covered 
with hides, they were called coracles, and it is curious that very similar vessels, 
called by the Irish currack, are in partial use to this day. “ Coracles thus 
made,” says Southey, “ and differing only in the material with which they are 
coated, and carrying only a single person are still used upon the Severn and in 
most of the Welsh rivers. They are so small and light that when a fisherman 
lands he takes his boat out of the water and bears it home upon his back.” 

If Osiers are not wanted to be used with the bark on they are tied up in 
bundles and placed on end in standing water until the following spring. When 
the buds begin to shoot the rods are ready for peeling and after this process they 
will keep for a very long time. Willows and all the soft woods when used for 
poles or other purposes, should be stripped of their bark and steeped in water for 
some months, which will prevent the worm, and render the wood extremely 
durable. 

The timber of the Bedford willow is said by Loudon to be more valuable 
than that of any other species. It is in this species also that salicin is most 
abundant. This substance has attracted much attention from the asserted efiicacy 
‘nthe cure of intermittent fever. It is tonic and astringent, and has been 
employed as a substitute for Peruvian bark, though the aseription to it of equal 
efficacy with sulphate of quinia is probably incorrect. The bark may be 
employed in substance or decoction, in the same dose and with the same mode of 
preparation as cinchona. The decoction of willow has been found benefiical as 
an external application to foul and indolent ulcers. 

The trees on which the captives of Israel hung their harps belonged, there 
can be little doubt, to the species which botanists have named Salia Babylonia, 
or weeping willow, which grows on the banks of the Euphrates and in other 
parts of Asia. The Weeping willow seeks a humble scene, some romantic footpath 
bridge, which it half conceals, or some glassy pool, over which it hangs its 
streaming foilage. 


And dips 
It’s pendent boughs stcoping as if to drink. 


Few trees have obtained greater celebrity from their locality than that 
known as Napoleon’s willow. Loudon informs us that this tree was introduced 
‘nto St. Helena from Britain by General Beatson, in 1810. It was planted among 
other trees on the side of a valley near a spring, and having attracted the notice 
of Napoleon he had a seat placed under it and used to go and sit there very 
frequently, and have water brought to him from the adjoining fountain. About 
the time of Napoleon's death, in 1821, a storm shattered the willow in pieces, and 
after the interment of the Emperor, Madame Bertrand planted several cuttings 
from it on the outside of the railing which surrounded the grave. As none of 


106 


\ 


99 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40), A. 1896 


‘these flourished they were renewed in 1828, and from one of them, which out- 
‘stripped the rest, were brought most of the cuttings which have been reared in 
Britain and other countries, 


THe Waitt LEeavep OR COMMON Wuirte WILLow, Salix Alba, 


This is the commonest of all our willows, and one well known to country 
dwellers, or country ramblers, growing in moist places and turning up as the 
wind blows its “silyér lining to the light.” In the north of Europe, the bark of 
this tree is used for tanning leather and for dyeing yarn of a cinnamon color, 
and the leaves and young shoots are given to cattle In a green state, or dried 
like the twigs of the birch and laid up for winter fodder. The inner bark, like 
that of Scotch pine, being kiln-dried and Sround into a fine flour 1s mixed with 
‘oatmeal and made into bread in seasons of great scarcity by the inhabitants of 
Norway and Kamtschatka. The branches of the tree are used as stakes, poles, 
handles to rakes, hoes and other implements, and as faggot-wood for fuel. The 
timber of ‘the trunk is used for various purposes. It weighs in a green state 
‘seventy pounds nine ounces per cubie foot; half dry, fifty-one pounds fourteen 
ounces, and quite dry, thirty-two pounds twelve ounces, so as to lose more than 
one-half by drying, during which it loses a sixteenth part ofits bulk. It is found 
an excellent lining for stone carts, barrows, ete. It is used in turnery, millwork, 
Coopery, weatherboarding, ete., and the stronger shoots and poles serve for making 
hoops, handles to hay rakes, clothes Props and various other instruments and 
implements, and the twigs are employed in wicker work, The bark, which is 
thick and full of cracks, is in nearly as great repute for tanning as that of the 
oak, and it is also used in medicine in the cure of ague, though it is inferior for 
both purposes to that of S. Russelliana. As fuel the wood of this tree is to that 
of the beech as 808 to 1,540, but the old bark makes a very useful fuel, and both 
it and the wood will burn when green, in which state the wood is said to give 
‘out most heat. The charcoal is excellent for use in the manufacture of gun- 
powder and for crayons, The ashes are very rich in alkali, containing more than 
a tenth part of their weight of that salt. In France a fine blood-red “olor is 
obtained from the bark, and that of the young tree is used in the preparation of 
leather for making gloves, If planted in the grove manner in tolerably good soil 
perhaps no other plantation, except Spruce and tamarac, would give so quick a 
return for the trouble and expense of planting, 

The best kinds of willow for growing as timber trees are: S. Alba which 
will attain the height of from sixty to eighty feet in twenty years. S. Russel- 
diana, 8. Fragilis and S. Caprea. The best sorts for coppice wood are S. Caprea 
and its allied kinds. Almost all the species of willows may be grown for basket 
rods, but some are greatly preferable to others, The most vigorous-growing 
basket willow is unquestionably 8. Viminalis, and it is also the sort most generally 


cultivated for that purpose. It has no disadvantage except that in cold wet 
107 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


EO, i ve SO ORE SS 


seasons and in a moist soil it does not always ripen the points of its shoots. 
S, Forbyana is an excellent species of less vigorous gro wth than 8. Viminalis, 
and ripens its shoots perfectly in most seasons. S Helix, S. Vitelluna and 5. 
Purpurea are very desirable species where small tough rods are required. 

The leaves of the willows are devoured by the large black caterpillars of 
the Antiopa butterfly (Venessa Antiopa, Harris’ Report), and the branches are 
sometimes completely stripped. The caterpillar of the fork-tail moth (Cerura 
borealis, ib.) is also found on their leaves. A. species of plant lice called by Dr. 
Harris the plant louse of. willow groves (Aphis Salicti, ib.) is found clustered 


together in great numbers on the under side of the branches of various kinds of 


willow and drawing their subsistence trom the plant on which they live. The 
grubs of the horn bug (Lucanus Capreolus, ib.) live ‘n the trunks and roots of 


old willows as well as in those of apple trees and oaks. 


108 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


STREET PLANTING. 


The planting of shade trees along the streets of our cities, towns and villages, 
other than the main business thoroughfares, is now very general throughout 
Ontario. The example of progressive citizens in beautifying the surroundings of 
their homes has been followed by many who might not otherwise have interested 
themselves in the matter. As the results of successful planting have presented, 
in the contrast between well-shaded and treeless neighborhoods, more powerful 
arguments than any theoretical considerations, a strong public opinion has been 
developed in favor of street planting. Gratifying as it is to note the steady improve- 
ment in the appearance of our urban centers since the practice became general 
it is nevertheless obvious that with the best intentions there has been much mis- 
directed effort which has accomplished little, much disappointment from total 
failures and results which fall very considerably short of what might have been 
attained with more system and forethought. 

The principal drawback to the success of street planting is the same that has 
retarded other undertakings in the direction of sylviculture, viz., want of know- 
ledge as to the conditions of successful growth, and the absence of the care and 
attention subsequent to planting by which alone can the numerous obstacles pre- 
sented by naturally unfavorable surroundings be overcome. It is safe to say that 
most people, until enlightened by experience, regard planting a tree as being as 
simple and easy a matter as cutting one down, all that has to be done is to dig a 
hole, put in your tree and fill up the hole again. The tree had its roots in the 
ground before transplanting, it has got them equally well covered in its new 
location and what more is necessary ? The planting is done and if all or a large 
majority of the trees set out with no more care or thought than is involved in the 
mere embedding of the roots in soil, die in the course of a few months, why that 
simply proves that trees are apt to die when transplanted and furnishes to many 
minds an argument as to the unprofitableness of sylviculture. 

If under ordinary conditions of growth a vast deal more is requisite to success- 
ful planting than sticking the tree into the ground right end up and letting it 
take its chances, it is apparent that when the influences and surroundings of 
crowded thoroughfares upon its growth have to be taken into account the need of 
attention and proper precautions both at and subsequent to planting must be even 
more urgent. Yet how often does failure result from the fact that trees are 
merely stuck in and left exposed not only to the struggle against unfavorable con- 
ditions of soil and moisture but to the thousand and one chances of street accidents. 
In planting in the streets of a town it is of the first importance that the 


tree has abundance of | 
109 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Goop RicH EARTH 


about its roots from which to draw nutriment, as the soil of the street. 
is usually hard and dry and largely composed of elements little fitted for 
the support of vegetable life, such as the debris of building material and 
broken stone, sand, gravel or ashes. When the tree has attained a firm 
foothold it will be able to extend its roots into such unpromising and little 
nutritive soil, but in planting it should have sufficient good, rich soil to give it 
the needful hold and sustenance. In place of depending upon the earth removed. 
from the holes dug for planting, an abundance of light earth enriched with com- 
post or, if practicable, forest soil should be used for filling in around the roots. If: 
stable manure is used at all it should be well rotted and thoroughly mixed with 
the earth. Fresh manure if brought in contact with the roots is apt to prove 
injurious. It might be supposed that ordinary common sense would teach any 
one that a young tree planted in the usual hardened and arid surface soil of the 
street would have scant chances of survival, but observation in some localities. 
at least will show that this mistake is not infrequently the cause of failure. 


THE CONDITION OF THE ROOTS. 


is another matter which ought to receive more attention than it generally 
does. There are probably few people, except those who have made sylvi- 
culture, or some kindred subject a study, who understand that it is through 
the small hair-like fibres which radiate from the large routs that the tree 
absorbs nutriment from the ground. In digging up trees for transplanting 
a large proportion of these are necessarily detached, especially those at the 
extremities. But most people will be apt to regard the loss of these root-fibres. 
as a mater of tittle consequence so long as sufficient of the main roots remain 
intact to secure the tree in its place. Trees are frequently planted from the 
roots of which nearly all the fine fibrous growth has been torn or stripped away. 

he larger the trees are, the fewer of these hair-like filaments are likely to be 
saved in removing them, as they grow in the greatest profusion furthest from 
the tree and the larger roots. This is one reason why the difficulty of safely 
transplanting trees increases with their size. When a tree has been dug up for 
replanting and allowed to remain for some time exposed to, the air—possibly also: 
to the sun or a drying wind the fibrous roots get dry very quickly and lose their 
vitality. Probably no cause results in more failures than the planting of trees. 
which, to the inexperienced eye, have plenty of roots, but from which the fine 
fibres have been either torn away or allowed to wither through too long exposure: 
to the atmosphere. In connection with the important function performed by the 
root filaments it must be remembered that the moisture which they absorb is. 
largely given out through the foliage. When the capacity of a tree for extract- 


ing moisture from the earth is greatly diminished by the loss of a considerable: 
110 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


proportion of its roots, as is nearly always the case in transplanting, it is neces- 
sary to preserve the equilibrium between absorption and evaporation by propor- 
tionately diminishing the expanse of foliage by pruning, Otherwise the amount 
of moisture which the small remaining quantity of root-fibre is able to absorb 
will be insufficient for the supply of the leaf surface, and the result will be a 
decreased vitality followed by the death of the further extremities of the 
branches and possibly of the whole tree. But it is necessary likewise to guard 
aguinst the other extreme of excessive pruning, which is often resorted to, reduc- 
1ig the tree to a mere pole, which will require several years to produce an appre- 
ciable crown of foliage. By retaining as far as possible the masses of fine roots 
the need of pruning will be greatly lessened. 

The absolute necessity of a sufficient depth and area of rich, light soil, com- 
bined with good roots, to successful transplantation is further emphasized in the 
case of large cities where modern sidewalks and road-beds are adopted. The 
trees on such thoroughfares are confined to a narrow strip of boulevard a few 
feet in width, flanked by stone curbing and beds of asphalt, blockpaving, stone 
or concrete, as the case may be, impervious to water. The only area from which 
their roots, which have probably been badly mutilated in the process of street 
improvement, can draw moisture, is the limited space of the intervening boule- 
vard. ‘The surface drainage takes off all water almost as rapidly as it falls, leav- 
ing but little to be absorbed by the usually hard and well-nigh impervious 
surface. Under such circumstances the persistent vitality exhibited by many 
trees which appear to thrive under so many discouragements is a greater cause 
for surprise than the frequent deaths. It must be noted, however, that these 
trees have usually been well-grown before the adoption of modern street paving 
systems, and it may reasonably be questioned whether it will be possible to 
replace them successfully with young trees when decay compels their removal. 
In Paris and other old world cities, where these conditions are intensified, the 
boulevard trees, which add so greatly to the charm of outdoor life in the gay 
capital, are planted in large pots, otherwise they could not flourish. With the 
increased adoption of impervious pavements and underground system of piping 
for various purposes, the difficulties of successful tree-growing in urban streets 
will be considerably increased, and it will be necessary to adopt some artificial 
method for providing them with moisture. 


TREE GUARDS. 

There is very little use in planting trees along the streets, no matter what 
care is observed, unless they are protected from the injuries to which in such 
localities they are continually liable. This is so obvious that there is little need 
to dwell upon the point. As a rule the tree guards in this Province consist of 
a more or less open wooden framework sufficiently high to protect the tree against 


ordinary accidents in the course of street traffic and the attacks of animals and 
ELEE 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


thoughtless or mischievous boys—the latter being by no means the least of 
the dangers to which street trees are exposed. Wire netting which has come 
largely into use in American cities is recommended as more effective. It was 
first used in Washington, and a writer in Garden and Forest thus refers to it; 

« How complete this protection is can be plainly seen by one who rides cen 
certain streets in Washington where the trees were originally planted twice as 
close as they should have been. Since every other tree is to be removed when it 
begins to interfere with its neighbors, these guards have only been placed on the 
trees that are to remain, and in a recent examination of a row of trees a mile long” 
and treated in this way-there was hardly a visible defacement on a single trunk 
which had been surrounded by the wire screen, although the meshes were two 
inches in diameter, while the unprotected trees were almost invariably badly 
injured, and some of them completely barked on the street side from the ground 
to a point as high as a horse’s teeth could reach.” 


PRUNING. 


Much injury is inflicted upon stieet trees by ignorant and careless pruning. 
TLimbs are often cut oft leaving a projecting stub several inches in length instead 
‘df being severed close to the trunk, with the result that the projection gradually 
»rots away and the decay is communicated to the heart of the tree. Want of close 
yprunimg is a frequent reason why many apparently fine trees when they should 
’be in their prime are hollow and rapidly decaying. After a tree has been pruned 
-the raw wounds left by the saw or knife should be carefully painted over, a 
|precaution against disease which is but seldom adopted. This process preserves 
ithe vitality of the tree and prevents injurious fungus growths upon the scars. 


MUNICIPAL PLANTING. 


In-ail large towns and cities the planting of the streets and the due care and 
preservation of the trees should be undertaken by the municipality in place of 
being left,-as is generally the case at present, in the hands of private individuals. 
‘The work should be in charge of some man having a scientific and practical 
knowledge of the subject, instead of being as it usually is, partly a matter of 
private initiative and partly under the regulation of civic officials, whose control 
of trees is merely incidental to their general work. This would not only secure 
proper planting and due care of the trees, but would be a move in the direction 
of economy. Each city or town could maintain its own nursery and secure the 
young trees much more cheaply than they can ordinarily be purchased. Under 
the direction of a competent city official trees would be planted at the most 
appropriate seasons and desirable stages of growth with much better results than 
under the hap-hazard methods usually followed by well-meaning citizens who 
know but little of the principles of sylviculture. The main advantage, however, 
would be the uniformity in plan and arrangement which could then be secured. 

112 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


ARTISTIC EFFECT. 


If a definite system were pursued residential streets would not merely be 
better planted and the trees more carefully looked after, but there would be some 
uniformity of design—some eye to general artistic effect. As it is now individual 
taste or caprice are supreme, and trees are planted or not planted, as the case may 
be, in irregular fashion. On the same street, for instance, may be seen here a 
row of maples, there a few horse-chestnuts, further on a wide gap without trees, 
then poplars or elms, and so on, in various stages of growth and at irregular dis- 
tances apart. This produces much the same effect as the juxtaposition in the 
business streets, of modern six and eight-storey buildings with the old-fashioned 
structures of two and three storeys. It would be a great improvement to have 
rows of maple on one street, elm on another, etc., set at regular intervals. There 
is no more pleasing effect in street tree-culture than a long shady avenue of the 
same variety of trees, trimmed or trained with a view to uniformity, and any 
intrusion of another kind noticeably differing in hue or foliage is like the dis- 
cordant and jarring note in a strain of music. 


VARIETIES OF TREES. 


As to the preferable varieties for street planting there is wide differ- 
ence of opinion, and a choice depends largely on local conditions. Generally 
speaking, the popular preference for the maple and elm has much to 
commend it.’ The horse-chestnut as compared with these is a tree of 
comparatively slow growth, though, as it forms a heavy and extended leaf 
canopy at an early stage of its development, this is perhaps hardly as serious 
an objection to it as the litter caused by its foliage in the fall. The downy seed- 
vessels of the silver poplar are an equally strong drawback to the use of this 
otherwise suitable tree, and the wide-spreading roots of the Lombardy poplar are 
in some neighborhoods detrimental. The white oak is highly recommended as a 
street tree, though like all of the oak species it grows slowly, which perhaps is 
the main reason why it is so seldom planted, as its spreading branches present a 
splendid appearance when allowed sufficient room to develop to advantage. In 
fact, as regards street trees generally, the neglect of systematic thinning so as to 
allow adequate space to each tree as it matures, is responsible for many unsightly 
growths, Close planting is always advisable, as even with the best management 
a considerable percentage of city trees are likely to succumb to accidental injuries 
or unfavorable conditions. But when trees originally set out a few feet apart 
survive these risks and attain a considerable size, they interfere with each other's 
growth and require judicious thinning. Private owners are apt to neglect this 
work which, moreover, should be done with an eye to the general effect under 
some competent control. While the disposition on the part of p.operty owners 
to beautify the streets by planting trees has greatly improved the aspect of our 
cities and towns, the great need, in the larger centres at least, is systematic organ- 


ization and direction of the work on a general plan. 
8 F.R. 113 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


GALL PRODUCING INSECTS INFESTING CANADIAN OAKS. 


W. BRODIE. 


BIORHIZA FORTICORNIS, WALSH. ON QUERCUS ALBA, L. Fia. 1. 


This insect attacks the young shoots, branches and roots of our native white 
oaks, more especially young trees growing in open exposed situations. The galis 


BE 


Fic. 1.—(% natural size. ) 
Twig galls of Biorhiza forticornis. 


are rarely found on branches over ten feet from the ground and more rarely on full 


grown forest trees, in fact the peculiar habits of the insects restrict them to com- 
paratively young trees. 


114 


9 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 18965 


The galls appear in June, as small pustules of a greyish green color on the 
bark of recent twigs, in about two weeks they attain their full growth, about the 
size of red currants, but coarsely wrinkled, varying very much in shape and size, 
crowded closely together and usually surrounding the twig toa considerable 
length. Occasionally on vigorous shoots a length of eighteen inches is tightly 
packed with galls. When mature, towards September, they become of a reddish 
brown color. | 

The producers of these galls, Biorhiza forticornis, emerge late in the 
fall, they are black, wingless, feeble-looking insects, all fertile females, about 
3m.m. long, having some resemblance to ants, but a much shorter connection 
between the thorax and abdomen. On emerging they crawl! about for an hour to 
two and then burrow in the ground finding white oak rootlets afew inches under 
ground on which they ovaposit and on which are formed subterranean galls. 

The producers of these underground root galls emerge in June, they are pro-, 
vided with ample wings, are sexual, males and females about equally numerous 
After pairing the females select the young and thrifty oak twigs on which to 
ovaposit, and the result is the inflated twig galls already described. In this as in 
all species of the genus Biorhiza, as well as in the related genus Acrasp’s, the 
alternate broods differ very much in appearance, the brood from twig galls, 
apterous and asexual, the brood from root galls, winged and sexual. 

There are four occupants of these galls besides the producer, one an inquiline 
Ceroptres ficus, Fitch, doing nothing towards forming the gall, but feeding on its 
substance, and there are three parasitic species, Ormyrus biorhizw, Ashm, 
Megastigmus canadensis, Ashm, and Diomorus biorhize, Ashm. These were 
identified for me by Mr. W H. Ashmead, now of the Agricultural Department, 
Washington, many years ago. 

This insect pest is more or less common throughout Ontario wherever there 
are young white oak trees. It was very common in the County of York in the 
summer of 1882. A large collection of the twig galls was made December 16th 
1882, the producers had all emerged, the inquilines and parasites emerged early 
in June, 1883. 

A large collection, a two bushel bag full, was made in the Townships of York 
and Scarboro’, on December 12th, 1886, from this lot producers emerged, Decem- 
ber, 12th, 1886—December 21st, 1886. Of this lot 800 specimens were carefully 
examined, all were females, a few survived until January 29th, 1887, but none 
survived until spring. 

A large parcel of these galls was collected by Mr. W. A. Ducker, D.LS., 
August, 29th, 1887, “one hundred miles west of Winnipeg and south of the 
C. P. R. main line, on scrub white oak.” The galls differed from Ontario 
specimens, in being larger, in being clustered in larger masses and in being of a 
brownish crimson color. The parcel came into my hands September 19th, 1887, 


and the producers began to emerge November, 27th, 1887, about two weeks earlier’ 
115 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


than Ontario specimens. These producers were unmistakeably Bvrorhiza- 
forticornis, perfectly similar to Ontario specimens, but to remove all doubt 
I sent specimens to Prof. Riley, who agreed to my identification. 

A large collection which was made September 21st, 1887—October 23rd, 
1887, from several localities, north, west and east of Toronto, gave out producers, 
November 29th, 1887—December 18th, 1887, inquilines and parasites, April 29th, 
1888—June 9th, 1888. | 

A collection of the root galls made May 24th, 1887, gave out producers, the 
winged form, June 5th, 1887. I have not as yet found either inquilines or 
parasites in root galls. 

Of the two forms the root gall appears to be the most injurious, but both are 
very much so to young trees, for when once attacked, if they are not quite killed 
out, their strength is very much depleted and their growth retarded and, if it 
were not for the parasites which prey on Biorhiza forticurnis, it would not be easy 
to raise white oak unless artificial methods of destroying the pest were resorted to. 

However, there are few on the long list of our injurious insects more easily 
exterminated than Biorhiza forticornis. The twig galls should be collected by 
cutting the twig below the galls in September or October, before the producers 
emerge, and keeping them in tight bags during the winter, which will effectually 
destroy the apterous fall brood. Then in the spring, April or May, open the bags 
and scatter the galls amongst the infected oaks, thus giving the parasites a numeri- 
cal advantage which will be an efficient check to the producers for many years. 


Houcapsis GLopuuus. Fritch. Fia. 2. 


These galls are very common on white oak trees of all sizes, from the young 
shoot of two years growth to full grown forest trees. The producer has a wide 
| geographical range in North America and is found in 
Ontario wherever white oak trees grow. The galls 
are spherical, usually very symmetrical, and when 
mature of a light brown color. Outof a lot of several 
hundred galls 20 of the largest averaged 13 m. m. in 
diameter, 20 of the smallest 5 m. m. diameter, and the 
average for the lot was slightly over 8 m. m. diameter. 
The largest gall I ever found measured 15 m. m. dia- 
meter, and I have not yet found a gall less than 
5 m. m. diameter containing a living occupant. 

The interior of the gall is hard and woody, and at 
the centre there is a small cell which contains the 
larva of the producer. The galls are often found 
singly on the oak twigs, but usually in whorl-like 

Fra. 2. masses of from two to ten. 
OSE The producers pupate within the galls and when 


Galls of Holcapsis globulus. ; 
nature gnaw themselves out, emerging through the 
116 | 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


month of October; they are all fertile females. I have bred over a thousand 
specimens without finding a male. Before the fall frosts come, these females 
ovaposit in buds, the bud is firmly grasped by the feet, the ovipositor inserted 
between the scales, and one or two, rarely more than two, eggs are deposited. 
When the buds begin to expand the following spring, the eggs give out Jarvee 
which form inflated leaf galls which are mature about the end of May; the brood 
from these leaf galls are sexual, males and females about equally numerous, and 
the fertilized females ovaposit on the oak twigs early in June, producing the 
described H. globulus gall. 

The twig above the gall is invariably killed, and as well as this injury the 
production of a bushel or two of galls will considerably deplete even a large 
forest tree; the vernal leaf galls also divert a considerable quantity of piant 
nutriment as well as deforming and sometimes quite destroying the leaves. I 
have bred four species of parasite and one species of inquiline from these galls, 
all of which emerge in early summer. A collection of about 500 galls was made 
from several localities in the County of York in the autumn of 1893. These 
gave out producers; H. globulus from October 17-November 1, 1898, and para- 
sites and inquilines from June 13, 1894-July 31, 1894. 

On account of both the twig and leaf galls being found on the tops of large 
forest trees and also on account of the great difficulty of seeing them when on 
small trees, the twig galls being hidden by the leaves and the leaf a of the 
same color as the leaves, anything in the way of 
handpicking or any of the common insecticide veg 
methods are not at all applicable. No doubt a rs =e be 
careful study of the life history and habits of KA “w 


the several species of parasites would disclose \\ Ne 


4 


some plan by which the pest could be greatly 
lessened. 


NEUTROTERUS Batatus.. Fitch. Fic. 8. 


This is one of the most common of the white 
oak twig galls, more especially on young and 
thrifty trees. In Ontario it is found from the 
shore of Lake Erie to the northern limit of the 
white oak. The galls appear as swellings, usually 
to three or four times the diameter of the normal 


twig, often much more. They are very unsym- 
metrical being usually bent, twisted, curled into | 


very grotesque shapes. They are hard and Fic. 3. 
(2 natural size.) 


woody and covered with normal bark which re- Coal se avbagvntei an Para 


tains its natural color through the winter. When 


117 


59 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 40 A. 1886 


there is so much variation measurements fail to give a very definite idea, but it 
may be said the galls range from 1 to 7 inches in length and from 4 inch to 1} 
inches in diameter. 

In the two last described galls of H. Globulus and B. forticornis, there is 
but one cell, one producer in each gall, but in the gall of N. batatus the number 
of cells ranges from one to 116, galls with less than five cells or with more than 
seventy-five are not common. 

The producer, NV. batatus, is about one-twelfth inch in length, black, and 
provided with ample wings. There is but one form of gall and but one sexual 
form, but the females greatly outnumber the males. 

I have made annual collections of these galls from 1885 to 1892 from many 
localities in the counties of York and Ontario, and it appears the galls mature in 
autumn and many producers emerge late in the fall, but whether they ever ova- 
posit in the fall or not I have not been able to determine, but I have succeeded in 
keeping them through the winter. But the greatest number remain in the galls 
through the winter and emerge in spring from May 1 to May 15,and during this 
period I have found the females ovapositing on the oak twigs. 

The parasites and inquilines emerge later, from June 1 to June 18, and I have 
found parasites ovapositing as late as June 30, when the galls were nearly half 
grown. 

This difference of time in emergence between the producers and parasites, 
affords an opportunity of artificial interference in checking the continuation of 
this injury to our oaks. Immediately after the fall of the leaves the galls are 
easily seen and collected. They should be kept in a closed vessel until the pro- 
ducers have emerged and are of course destroyed, when the galls should be thrown 
out and scattered among the infected oaks, thus giving the parasites an advan- 
tage which they may be able to retain for many years, and thus keeping the 
injury at a minimum. 


118 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40}. A, 1896 


THE ALGONQUIN NATIONAL PARK OF ONTARIO. 


By TuHos. W. GIBSON, SECRETARY FOR PARKS. 


If a premature posterity could rise up and enter into account with the 
present generation, and demand a reason for the burdens we are laying upon it, 
and the injury we are in many ways doing it, consciously or unconsciously, it is 
to be feared a sufficient answer would be wanting. “ What has posterity done 
for us?” is a good enough phrase for the sarcastic politician, or the civic financier 
who issues half a million dollars worth of debentures, payable in forty years, to 
defray the cost of wooden sidewalks or block pavements, which will be resolved 
into their original elements long before the debt matures, but the principle is not 
one upon which a lover of his country or his race ought to base his actions. It 
would perhaps not be difficult to point out some respects in which we, as citizens 
of the Province of Ontario, or the Dominion at large, are diligently engaged in 
sowing the wind, from which, in the natural course of events, those who are to 
come after us will reap the whirlwind. 

But it is pleasant to be able to say that the account with posterity has its 
credits as well as its debits. One important action the Province has recently 
taken for which coming generations will surely call us blessed. While it still lay 
within our power, we have set apart over a million acres of the public domain, 
and dedicated it to the use and enjoyment not only of ourselves but of the future 
inhabitants of Ontario, when they shall be counted by the many millions. Inthe 
language of the Act of the Legislature establishing the Algonquin National Park 
(56 Vic. cap. 8), the area appropriated is “reserved and set apart as a public park 
and forest reservation, fish and game preserve, health resort and pleasure ground, 
for the benefit, advantage and enjoyment of the people of the Province,” which of 
course includes the generations to come as well as those now in existence, for 
though individuals die, the people never does. It is one of the characteristics of 
modern times that as the struggle in trade, commerce and all departments of life 
becomes keener, as competition becomes more intense, the more widely spread 
becomes the desire to take a respite, brief though it may be, from the care and 
worry of business, and to seek recreation and restoration in a closer approach to 
nature than can be found in busy street or crowded mart. There are few indica- 
tions that life in the twentieth century or succeeding ages will be less arduous 
than now, and we may well assume that the need for periodical recuperation, so 
widely felt at present, will be more and more recognized in time to come. Here, 
then, by Act of the Legislature, an immense tract of land and water, almost equal 
in extent to the largest county in the Province, is given over for all time to come 
for just such purposes as will be most appreciated by the tired workers of this 
and succeeding ages. Nor will its benefits be confined to those who can pass a 

119 


59 Victoria. 


Sessional Papers (No. 40). 


A. 1896 


portion of their time within its borders. The miller, the manufacturer, the lum- 
berman, and the farmer of the future, will share with the public at large the 


advantages which will flow from the patriotic action of the Legislature. 


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The map shows the townships of Finlayson, McCraney, Butt, Paxton and Ballantyne on the west, of which the eastern halves, 
and the township of Boyd, on the north, of which the southern half, are now included in the Park, 


ORIGIN OF THE SCHEME. 


The idea of setting apart a forest reservation in the uplands of Central 
Ontario, which would include and .protect the headwaters of the Muskoka, 
Madawaska, Petawawa and other streams, occurred a number of years ago to Mr. 


120 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


Alexander Kirkwood of the Department of Crown Lands, who, in a letter dated 
21st December 1885 addressed to Hon. T. B. Pardee, then Commissioner of Crown 
Lands, pointed out the many advantages to be gained by such a reservation. The 
late Mr. R, W. Phipps also alluded in his Forestry Report, printed in 1885, to the 
same subject, and recommended a larger area than that suggested by Mr. Kirk- 
wood. Mr. Pardee was very favorably impressed with the project, and com- 
missioned Mr. James Dickson, Provincial Land Surveyor of Fenelon Falls, to 
examine the district and report upon its suitability for the purpose proposed. 
Mr. Dickson made his report in January 1888, and spoke highly of the fitness 
of the territory for a public Park. Mr. Pardee’s regretted illness, which ended in 
his death in July 1889, prevented further progress with the scheme, until Hon. A. 
S. Hardy succeeded him in the administration of the Department of Crown Lands. 
That gentleman at once recognized the importance of the undertaking and the | 
advisability of setting about it while the conditions were favorable, and accord- 
ingly in February 1892 the government, upon his recommendation, appointed a 
commission “to inquire into, and to make full report respecting, the fitness of 
certain territory in our said Province, including the headwaters of the rivers 
Amable du Fond, Petawawa, Bonnechere, Madawaska and Muskoka, having their 
scurces in the plateau or height of land region lying between the Mattawa and 
Georgian Bay, with boundaries to be hereafter determined, for the purpose of a 
Forest Reservation and National Park.’ The commissioners were: Aubrey 
White, Assistant Commissioner of Crown Lands; Archibald Blue, Director of 
Mines; Alexander Kirkwood, Senior Officer cf the Lands branch of the Depirt- 
ment of Crown Lands; James Dickson, Inspector of Surveys, and Robert William 
Phipps, Clerk of Forestry. Mr. Kirkwood, in recognition of his untiring efforts 
in behalf of the scheme, was elected chairman. The report of the Commissioners 
was laid before the Legislature in the session of 1893. The territory recommended 
by them for a Forest Reservation and National Park, and afterwards set apart as 
such by the Act, was a compact tract of land in the District of Nipissing, south 
of the. Mattawa River, and lying between the Ottawa River and Georgian Bay, 
almost a parallelogram in shape, and consisting of eighteen townships. The 
names of these townships are as follows: Peck, Hunter, Devine, Biggar, Wilkes, 
Canisbay, McLaughlin, Bishop, Osler, Pentland, Sproule, Bower, Freswick, Lister, 
Preston, Dickson, Anglin and Deacon—a list of appellations highly suggestive of 
the short process by which the Department of Crown Lands confers immortality 
upon members of the Legislature and others who might otherwise go down into 
the oblivion common to the mass of mankind. In October 1894 the eastern 
halves of the townships of Finlayson, McCraney, Butt, Paxton and Ballantyne, 
lying to the west of the Park, and the southern half of the township of Boyd, on 
the northern boundary, were added to the Park domain. The total area of the 
Park is now 1,109,883 acres, or approximately so, for the townships of Sproule 
21 


59 Victoria. 3 Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


and Preston have never been sub-divided into lots. This is equal to 1,733 square 
miles, the tract being about forty-four miles in length from north to south, and 
forty miles in width from east to west. Rather more than one-tenth of the area 
is water. 


A SOLITARY AND SECLUDED WILDERNESS. 


Until very recently this tract occupied a unique position. Cowper could 
have gratified his wish for “a lodge in some vast wilderness, some boundless 
contiguity of shade,” by erecting a log hut here, without the least apprehension 
of being troubled by “rumors of oppression and deceit, of unsuccessful or success- 
ful war,” or, indeed, any other kind of rumors, so remote for the most part was 
it from civilization and the haunts of men. No railway penetrated it, or even 
approached its borders; no travelled highway passed through, or even led to it, 
exception being made of two or three lumbermen’s roads for transport of supplies 
in winter; there was not, and is not yet, a cross-roads hamlet within its 
boundaries ; not a post office, church, or schoolhouse ; even the ubiquitous squatter, 
who plants himself on every coign of vantage on the ungranted lands of the 
Crown, has found this district too distant from markets and supplies, and is 
represented by but one or two of the hardiest of his kind. Here is one of the 
largest tracts of untouched forest now left within the limits of Ontario— 
untouched, that is, for settlement purposes; for even here the lumberman has 
been long at work. | 

Now, however, the Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound railway, which for 
some years has been in course of construction, has reached Algonquin Park, and 
crossed its southern boundary for several miles. The section of the line lying 
within the Park is the only one now lacking to connect Ottawa and Parry Sound, 
the western portion having been completed some time ago. Work on the Park 
section is actually going on, and it is expected that trains will be running on 
regular time before the end of the present year. There will be several stations 
inside the Park lines, one at Canoe Lake, where Messrs. Gilmour & Co., of Trenton, 
owners of extensive timber limits in the neighborhood, are at the present time 
erecting a large sawmill for the production of lumber. The railway crosses only 
the southwestern corner of the Park, and leaves the greater part of it in its 
primeval condition. | 

It will probably surprise many of our busy city men to learn that within 
one hundred and fifty miles of Toronto, as the crow flies, there lies this vast, 
solitary, aromatic wilderness, which is yet almost as little known or frequented 
as if it were in Labrador, or on the Hudson Bay slope. Yet older Ontario is 
nowhere at great distance. The Canadian Pacific Railway carries travellers and 
freiglit past 1t on the east and north, and the Grand Trunk Railway on the west, 
while the newer Ontario, rising in the mineral districts of the Sudbury region, 

122 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


and yet to rise on the fertile shores of Lake Temiscaming, is the very outpost of 
advancing settlement as compared with the territory included in Algonquin Park. 
The current of civilization has flowed up the Ottawa valley, and northward 
through Muskoka and Parry Sound tracts, leaving the million acres of the Park, 
and many square miles of contiguous territory, as an island in the stream—a 
barren island, perhaps, and uninviting to the tiller of the soil, but yet rich in 
varied store of timber, and creat with possibilities of usefulness as the playground, 
_ Sanitarium, and forest school for future Ontario. 


TIMBER CONDITIONS IN THE PARK. 


The whole district is now under timber license from the Government. The 
pine upon some portions of it was sold at the great timber sale of 1892, but by 
far the larger area has been in the hands of the lumbermen for many years. In 
fact, pine has been cut on some of the territory for nearly half a century, and on 
other portions from a period long previous to Confederation. There are consider- 
able areas, however, absolutely in their original condition, and notwithstanding 
the encroachments of the lumber trade and the ravages of fire, the shantyman’s 
axe will find ample scope for many years to come in the pineries of Algonquin 
Park. It would at first sight seem that this removal of the pine would defeat 
the very object for which the Park was estab'ished, and it is doubtless true that 
if the pine could be left standing the beauty and charm of the forest would be 
much enhanced. But the pine had been disposed of ; to prevent the owners from 
taking away their property would have been confiscation, and if the establish- 
ment of the Park had depended upon the preservation of the pine, the scheme 
would have had to be abandoned. The cutting will be gradual, and the extirpa- 
tion of the pine now growing will by no means involve the destruction of the 
whole forest. A great many other varieties of trees grow and flourish in the 
Park, and as the felling of all timber but pine is forbidden by the Park Act, the 
removal of the latter, except where it grows in groves or “ pineries,” will scarcely 
affect the wooded condition of the Park, taken as a whole. As a game preserve, 
water reservoir, and summer resort, the Park will not be materially depreciated 
by the cutting of the pine timber. The conifers which flourish in the Park are 
the white and red pine (the former largely predominating), hemlock, spruce, 
balsam and cedar. Of the cedar found within the Park that in the most westerly 
townships is represented as being small and of comparatively little value, but 
that bordering on the Madawaska and Petawawa waters is much larger and of 
better quality. The deciduous trees are well represented. The place of honor is 
occupied by the black birch, which grows to magnificent proportions, and is 
usually of perfect soundness. The wood of this tree is used to some extent in 
furniture-making, but little or none has ever been taken from the area included 
in the Park, the reason being that like the maple and other hardwoods, it is too 

123 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


heavy to be floated down stream to market. The maple, without which no wood- 
land scene would be typically Canadian, is also very plentiful throughout the 
district and attains to great size and beauty. The beech occurs more sparingly, 
but is by no means rare; ironwood is common, and black ash mingles with the 
smaller conifers in marshy places. Alders line the borders of streams, and in 
many places there is a dense undergrowth of balsam, hazel and ground hemlock. 

Large tracts have been burned over, in which all the original timber has 
been destroyed. These are called brulés, and in such places the original pine 
forest is succeeded by a crop of the quick-growing and less valuable trees, princi- 
pally poplar, white birch and cherry, whose seeds are borne thither by the wind, 
or deposited by birds. Among these, young pines are also found. A white pine 
forest is slow to reproduce itself, especially on burned-over areas where the fire 
has been severe, and the varieties which pre-empt the ground after the pine are 
unfortunately of little or no commercial importance. Experience in other parts 
of the Province, however, seems to show that if such tracts are not again over- 
run by fire, the young pine trees eventually succeed in making substantial growth, 
and are even aided in the early stages of their career by the shelter afforded 
them by their less valuable neighbors. Should a second or third fire sweep over 
a brulé, as sometimes happens, all remaining seed pine-trees are almost sure to be 
destroyed, as well as any pine seeds lying on the ground, and the tract totally 
loses its capacity for reproduction of the pine timber. 


PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRACT. 


The extension of the area of cultivation will go ona long time in Ontario before 
the lands of Algonquin Park are coveted for agriculture. The gneiss and granite 
of the Laurentian formation are in themselves not unfavorable foundations for a 
good agricultural soil; but when the covering is thin and scanty, and in many 
places wanting altogether, cultivation ceases to be possible. Isolated patches of 
tillable soil occur, it is true, but there are no large and continuous areas capable 
of sustaining a considerable population, or of supporting markets, schools, 
churches, etc., without which successful settlement is impossible. The surface is 
continually broken by rough, rocky ridges, which, though abrupt enough to pre- 
clude easy travelling, seldom rise to any great height. In the intervals are 
marshes, low-lying but dry stretches, and water in the various forms of pond, lake 
and river. 

The watershed which separates the streams flowing into Georgian Bay from 
those emptying into the Ottawa lies in the south-west portion of the Park, in the 
townships of Peck, McLaughlin and Hunter. Here, in a comparatively smal} 
area, are found the headquarters of three important streams: the Muskoka (south 
branch), the Madawaska, and the Petawawa. Island Lake, in the township of 
McLaughlin, is the source of the first-named river, and a fifteen-minute walk. 

124 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


over a portage on its north-east shore leads to Little Otter Slide Lake, whose 
waters find their way into the Petawawa. A mile and a half from the eastern 
shore of Little Otter Slide Lake lie the head waters of one of the branches of the 
Madawaska. The Muskoka is a tributary of Georgian Bay, while the Petawawa 
and Madawaska fall into the Ottawa. The waters of the Muskoka traverse Lakes 
Huron, St. Clair and Erie, tumble over Niagara Falls, and flow through Lake 
Ontario and the long stretch of the upper St. Lawrence, before they mingle with 
those of its kindred streams at the point where “ Utawas’ tide” merges itself in 
the noblest of Canadian <xivers. 

The great quantity of water and the variety of the forms in which it is 
found, constitute one of the most characteristic features of the Park. The streams 
are of all sizes, from the tiniest rill to the large river capable of floating great 
drives of saw-logs, and the lakes vary in size from small ponds to important 
sheets of water, like Great Opeongo Lake on the Madawaska, the largest in the 
_ Park, which spreads its irregular body over parts of four townships, viz. Bower, 
Dickson, Preston and Sproule. As a consequence of this abundance of water, 
almost every corner of the Park may be reached by canoe, the portages from one 
water system to another being, as a rule, short and easy. 

This ample water supply is highly advantageous to the lumberman, as it 
enables him to float his saw-logs, with the minimum of difficulty, from the limits 
on which they are cut to the place of manufacture. Other lakes of large size are 
the following :—McDougal and Shirley on the Madawaska; Cedar, Lavielle, 
Trout and Misty, on the Petawawa; Island, Canoe and Smoke on the Muskoka, 
and Tea, Manitou and Kioshkoqui on the Amable du Fond. 

There are no lofty mountain peaks or towering ranges such as adorn Adi- 
rondack Park, in the State of New York, but there are many lesser elevations 
sufficient to diversify the scene, and give an added zest to the other beauties of 
the Park. The most elevated tract of land in this portion of Ontario is here to 
be found, as may be inferred from the fact that the watershed dividing the 
Amable du Fond and South River systems, the former a tributary of the Mat- 
tawa, and the latter of Lake Nipissing, from the east and west-bound rivers, is 
also comprised within the limits of the Park. Island Lake, the source of the 
Muskoka, is 1,405 feet above the level of the sea, and Little Otter Slide Lake, 
one of the beginnings of the Petawawa, lies at exactly the same height. The 
height of Lake Huron is 578 feet above the sea, so that the descent of the Mus- 
koka throughout its entire length is 827 feet. The fall achieved by the Petawawa 
is even more considerable. The point of its junction with the Ottawa is 393 
feet above high tide, and this river has therefore a total descent of 1,012 feet. It 
1s, In consequence, like its sister the Madawaska, a rapid and’ turbulent stream. 


125 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


ANIMALS AND GAME. 


“ A region so wooded and watered,” say the Commissioners in their report,,. 
“cannot but be the home of a vast variety of birds, game and fur-bearing animals. 
and fish. Here, not many years ago, the moose, monarch of Canadian woods,. 
roamed and browsed in large numbers, the leaves and tender branches of the 
young trees supplying him with his favorite diet; here, herds of red deer grazed 
in the open meadows or quenched their thirst at the brooks or crystal lakes ; 
here, the industrious beaver felled his trees and built his dams on every stream ; 
here, the wolt’s detested howl startled the deer, and the black bear pushed his 
dark buik through the undergrowth in search of ripe nuts or berries. Here, in 
fact, may be said to have been the centre from which the moose, deer and other 
animals spread out to all sections of the Province south of the Mattawa River and. 
Lake Nipissing, the great distance from settlement and the unbroken wilderness 
affording them a greater degree of shelter than was found anywhere else. Of | 
these animals, deer are still plentiful, but the increasing rigor with which they 
have of late years been hunted, in and out of season, is fast depleting their num- 
bers. The same cause has bid fair to place the moose among the extinct animals 
of Ontario; while the beaver has been hunted and trapped so mercilessly that- 
now single specimens are seen only at long intervals. Wolves and bears are quite 
common, and mink, otter, fisher, martin and muskrat are numerous. The woods. 
are well stocked with partridge, but there are few ducks. The principal fish 
found in the Muskoka waters is the trout, all the fresh water varieties of which: 
are to be had in great abundance. In the Petawawa and Madawaska rivers, in 
addition to trout, chub, cat-tish and pike are found, also eels, the latter varieties. 
increasing in number as we descend the streams. Herring and white-fish are 
plentiful in Great Opeongo, Shirley and McDougal Lakes.” 

One of the objects of the Park is the protection of the game and fur-bearing 
animals from the extermination which elsewhere threatens them. It would bea 
national loss were the moose, the big game par excellence of our Ontario woods, 
allowed to become extinct, as the buffalo of the western plains has become. Yet. 
the experience of the past shows clearly that such a fate awaits him, unless law 
and authority intervene with a strong hand on his behalf. It is almost incredible: 
with what ferocity and wastefulness this animal has been hunted and killed in 
the past. In the spring of 1887 the carcasses of sixty moose were found in this 
district, the animals having been killed for their skins alone. During the pre- 
ceding winter, seventy were killed between Lake Traverse and Bissett’s Station 
on the C. P. R., a distance of twenty miles. The spring, when the young are 
brought forth, and when the moose stand in greatest need of protection, is just. 
the time the pot-hunter chooses for their destruction. He shoots a moose, per- 
haps a female big with calf, skins it, and leaves the body on the ground as bait. | 

126 : 


59 Victoria. . Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


for the bears, which at this time of year come forth from their long winter’s retire- 
ment, too hungry to be dainty in their food. A full-grown moose weighs upwards 
of 1,000 lbs., and will dress 600 lbs. of beef, while his skin will make twenty pairs 
of moccasins, which sell at $2.00 a pair. Notwithstanding the war which has 
been waged against the moose, they are by no means rare in the Park country, 
and since protection has been guaranteed them they are reported by the superin- 
tendent of the Park to be “increasing very rapidly” in numbers. By the 
general game Jaws of Ontario, no moose can lawfully be killed anywhere in the 
Province before 25th October, 1900. 


The common red deer are yet plentiful, finding in this wilderness a 
refuge from the enemies which assail them on every hand during the hunt- 
ing season. The complete immunity which they here enjoy from the chase makes 
- the Park a centre from which they will spread to other parts of the Province, 
there to afford the hundreds of deer-slayers in Ontario the sport they so keenly 
enjoy. The greatest enemies of the deer are the wolves, which are very numerous 
in the Park, and which multiply in proportion to the increase of their prey. The 
Park rangers make strenuous efforts to poison these pests—the only practicable 
way to kill them—but their great cunning renders their destruction very 
difficult 


In like manner, the beaver, most valuable of fur-bearing animals, has 
now a chance to prolong his career, ended everywhere else in Ontario south of 
Lake Nipissing, and all but ended even here. Trappers, both Indian and white, 
have pursued the beaver even more ruthlessly than the hunters have the moose, 
until this region, sc adapted by nature to be the home of this interesting creature, 
contained when the Park was established but a very few scattered families. So 
prolific is the beaver, however, and so suitable to its habits are the ponds, creeks 
and lakes of the Park, that even these few remaining representatives have already 
been succeeded by anumerous progeny, sufficient ere long not only to re-stock the 
Park, but to add beaver skins to the spoils of trappers in other parts of the . 
Province from which they have long been absent. 

Other fur-bearing animals, the otter, fisher, martin, mink and muskrat, are 
more or less plentiful, and are also increasing in aumber under the protection 
afforded them in the Park. Besides the wolf, the bear is quite commonly met 
with. The former subsists upon animal diet, ranging from frogs to deer, the lat- 
ter chooses by preference the less exciting regimen of nuts and berries, though he 
by no means rejects the carcass of a moose or deer slain ky the wily hunter for 
his special delectation. Neither of these animals is accorded any protection by 
the provisions of the Park Act, being classed by it along with “ wolveriner, 
wild-vats, foxes or hawks,” and other injurious or destructive animals. 


127 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). - A. 1896 


PRESERVING THE WATER SUPPLY. 


Another of the ends aimed at by the establishment of the Park is even more. 
important than the preservation of game. The conservation of so large a 
territory in a wooded state will strongly tend to maintain in full and equable 
flow the streams and rivers rising in and flowing out of the Park. It does not 
yet appear to be determined by scientific observers whether or not forests exercise 
any decided effect in the precipitation of moisture, but all are agreed that they 
lesson the rate at which the water—whether from rainfall or melted snow—tlows 
from the higher to the lower levels. The surface of the forest, made up of beds 
of leaves, moss, decayed and decaying wood, and similar substances of a porous, 
spongy nature, is capable of absorbing a large quantity of moisture, and parts 
with it slowly andin moderation. When filled to its utmost capacity, it must of 
course discharge its watery contents at a rate equal to that at which it receives 
tresh supplies, but under ordinary circumstances the resistance offered by the 
forest floor to the flow of water is quite sufficient to materially retard its progress. 
Tke effect of this is to prolong the period during which the surplus water runs 
otf, and to prevent sudden floods. On the other hand, where the forest growth 
has been cleared away, and the absorbent forest bed has been dried up, burned 
off, or converted into soil, no great impediment is presented to the flow of water, 
and the consequence is angry floods in winter and spring, and dried-up river 
courses in summer. Evaporation also acts more freely in the open than in the 
forest, and rivers, brooks and springs suffer great diminution in volume when the 
district which supplies them is exposed to the full effect of the sun’s rays, untem- 
pered by forest foliage. The fierce floods which rush down untimbered hillsides. 
after heavy 1ains or springtime thaws often do immense damage, not only by 
carrying away the fertile surface soil and exposing the colder and more sterile 
layers, but by cutting deep ravines and depositing the detritus on the flats below, 
and even by causing actual destruction of life and property. 

By drying up or greatly reducing the volume of water in rivers, the removal 
of forests brings absut great changes in social ana economic conditions, and thus 
atfects the welfare of whole provinces and even nations. In Russia, we are told, 
forest destruction has brought dire results. The “Mother Volga” yrows yearly 
shallower ; the Don, with its tributaries, is choked; the sources of the Dnieper 
creep downward, and its chief tributary, the once noble Worskla, with a flow of 
some 220 English miles, is now dry from source to mouth, This stream, which 
fertilized a broad region, supporting a numerous population, exists no more—not 
temporarily run dry, but with all its springs exhausted, so that in future it may 
be stricken from the map. Of the Bitjug, another river in the Don region, the 
upper course has wholly disappeared—valley and bed are filled to the bank with 
sand and earth. 

128 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A, 1896 


mS 


In Prussia, where forest preservation and management is now a science, by 
stripping the beaches of their forests in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 
the sea coasts have become exposed to all winds and storms. Fields once fertile 
have been transformed into waste sand dunes, and whole villages, whose agri- 
cultural people formerly prospered, have ceased to exist. In the middle and 
eastern provinces light and undulating soil has been replaced by small or large 
sand hills, and places where forests once stood and served to carry off stagnant 
‘moisture have been turned into marshes. 

In younger America, as in older Europe, like causes are beginning to produce 
like results. The State of New York at one time owned some five million acres 
of wood-lands, covering nearly the entire area of the Adirondack and Catskill 
mountains, where the principal rivers of the State, especially the Hudson, take 
their rise. The State sold most of these lands for any price they would bring. 
Now that they have been largely stripped of their forest covering, and the thin 
soil of the mountain sides is exposed to the washing rains, it is found that the 
Hudson is in danger of becoming unnavigable at Albany, from the debris and 
earth carried into it. 

Such warnings ought not to be lost upon us. We are already feeling the 
effects of the removal of the greater part of the forest growth from southern 
Ontario, in increased liability to. floods, in the diminished volume of rivers, and 
_in other ways, and we may be sure that an infraction of nature’s laws will not go 
unpunished here any more than in Europe or the United States. The preserva- 
tion of the forest growth, or the bulk of it, in Algonquin Park, will enable the 
unlessened waters of the rivers rising there to float the logs, turn the mill-wheels, 
and refresh the fields of succeeding generations for all time to come. 


A FIeLtp FoR EXPERIMENTAL FORESTRY. 


Another advantage of the Park will be the opportunity it will afford for the 
practical study of systematic forestry—a thing as yet not attempted in our province 
on a large scale. We have been, and still are, so busy cutting down our forests for 
lumber, and to make way for cultivated fields, that we have scarcely stopped to 
think of the rapidity with which these forests are disappearing. Yet there are 
already in Northern Ontario large areas ot denuded pine lands, stripped by the 
lumberman, or devastated by fire. Can they be reforested, and made to bear a 
second crop of pine as valuable as the first ? The task is a gigantic one, and 
some competent authorities are inclined to think it impracticable. Even if accom- 
plished at great expense, what guarantee would there be that the slow growth of 
a hundred years would not perish by fire in a day, as it has so often done in times 
past? There has been little in the experience of Canada or the United States to 
indicate the best means to be adopted in attempting to restore the pine forests to 


9 FR. 129 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


their original condition, and a few years’ experimenting in Algonquin Park may 
solve a good many problems, and cast some light on the methods of reforesting 
most likely to be successful. 

The care of the Park is in the hands of a superintendent and a staff of some 
four or five rangers, whose duty it is to see that no poaching or hunting is done ; 
to prevent the outbreak and spread of fires, and generally to see that the pro- 
visions of the Park Act are enforced. The present officers of the Park are John 
Simpson, superintendent ; Timothy O’Leary, chief ranger; Stephen Waters, C. K. 
Grigg, James Sawyer, D. A. Ross, rangers, and H. Cormier, cook. Their head- 
quarters have been established on Canoe Lake, close to the line of the Ottawa, 
Arnprior & Parry Sound Railway, in the form of a substantial hewed-log build- 
ing, 21x28 feet, with hewed timber floor and “scoop” roof. In addition to this, 
some thirty-three shelter huts, for the accommodation of the rangers while on 
patrol duty, have been built in various portions of the Park. Some of these have 
been formed by fitting up abandoned lumber shanties ; the remainder have been 
literally hewn out of the forest by the staff of rangers, who are expert woodsmen 
and “shingle weavers.” No sawn lumber whatever is used in their construction ; 
walls, roofs, floors, beds and tables all being formed by axe and drawknife from 
the timber on the spot. 

The smaller huts are intended to be close enough to one another to be 
reached in a day’s journey on snowshoes in winter, and each contains a small 
sheet-iron stove, and a supply of provisions and bedding for the use of the 
rangers. 

The Park staff have, in addition to their other labors, already cut out a num- 
ber of portages from one reach of waters to another, and have cleared many 
creeks and river beds from floating brush and other rubbish, obstructive to 
canoe navigation. The men live in tne Park the year round, and though the 
winter is severe and the snowfall deep, as might be expected from the compara- 
tively high altitude of the district, little real hardship is experienced. In winter 
rain seldom falls, and the air is dry and invigorating. 

This part of the country was long the resort of hunters and trappers, whose ~ 
occupation was cut off by the establishment of the Park. Even this class 
however has come to acquiesce in the new state of things, and to recognize the 
wisdom of affording a much-needed protection to the game and fur-bearing 
animals of the district. So far, therefore, there has been little difficulty in 
enforcing the laws. ; 

There is practically no restriction on the acmission of visitors to the Park, 
but of course no hunting or killing of animals is allowed, and fishing may only 
be done by hook and line, for which a license is necessary. The point on which 
the greatest possible care is required is the use of fire, and every precaution 1s 
demanded to prevent damage to the timber from this cause. A single act of 

130 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40): A. 1896 


carelessness in the dry season might result in the loss of millions of dollars’ 
worth of property. 

A few tourists from various parts of Ontario and the United States, who 
appreciate the charms of nature unadorned, are now in the habit of visiting this 
delightful region. As its attractions become better known, they will invite 
crowds of heated, tired and worried tourists to cheat the dog-days by spending 
them in the cool depths and silent fastnesses of this northern forest. 


REGULATIONS RESPECTING THE PARK. 


Appended hereto are the regulations for the government of the Park made 
by Order-in-Council 7th July, 1894: 

1. All visitors to the Algonquin National Park of Ontario are required to 
comply with the provisions of the Algonquin National Park Act (56 Vict. cap. 8) 
and these regulations, and it is the duty of the Superintendent of the Park and 
his staff of rangers to enforce the same. 

2. All parties visiting the Park are required to furnish the Superintendent 
or rangers with their names and post office addresses, the proposed duration of 
their stay, the portions of the Park they intend to visit, and such other informa- 
tion of a like kind as they may be requested to give by the Superintendent or 
rangers. | 

3. Visitors are forbidden to cut down, take the bark off, or otherwise injure 
any standing timber. 

4, Hunting, trapping, or taking game or other animals or birds of any kind, 
or fishing with net, trap, spear or night-line, is absolutely prohibited. Parties 
offending in this respect render themselves liable to a penalty not exceeding 
$100 for each offence, expulsion from the Park, and seizure and confiscation of 
their firearms and ammunition and traps, lines and tackle. 

5. Fishing with hook and line may be practised only under permit, to be 
issued by the Commissioner of Crown Lands or the Superintendent of the Park. No 
fish may be taken for other purposes than supplying food for visitors or others 
within the Park, and fish, when taken, must not be carried beyond the bound- 
aries of the Park. 

6. Visitors must exercise the greatest possible care and caution in the use of 
fire for cooking purposes, for which purposes only may fires be lit. Where pos- 
sible, fires must be kindled on bare rock, and where bare rock cannot be found, a 
site must be selected where there is the smallest quantity of dry or inflammable 
wood or other matter. Only down and decaying timber, fallen branches or 
driftwood may be used for firewood. Fires must not be left burning during 
absence from camp, and after using they must be thoroughly and completely 
extinguished by pouring water thereon. 

131 


59 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 40). A. 1896 


7. Not more than one rifle or fowling-piece and one revolver or other firearm 
shall be carried by any party of visitors, and if used for hunting, shooting or 
molesting animals (except in self-defence), or birds, such firearms shall be liable 
to seizure and confiscation, as above provided. 

8. No visitors will be allowed to enter the Park during the open season for 
moose and deer, viz., from the 20th of October to the 15th of November in any 
year. 

The following was added by Order-in-Couneil of 6th June, 1896 : 

No pedlar, travelling salesman, or other person, shall, except as provided by 
the next following clause, enter into or visit the Algonquin National Park of 
Ontario for the purpose of hawking, peddling or otherwise disposing of any 
goods, wares or commodities therein, or shall sell or dispose of any goods 
or wares of any kind whatsoever in the said Park; and the Superintendent 
or any Park ranger may remove and exclude from the Park any such pedlar, tra- 
velling salesman, or other person so entering or visiting the Park for the purpose 
aforesaid, or who may have in his possession therein any such articles for sale, or 
may arrest and bring to trial in a summary way in the manner provided by The 
Algonquin National Park Act any such offender, and such offender shall, upon 
summary conviction, be liable to a penalty of not more than $50 for each offence, 
with costs, and in default of payment thereof, to imprisonment for not more than 
three months. 

The Commissioner of Crown Lands, or the Superintendent of the Park on 
being duly authorized in that behalf by the said Commissioner, upon being satis - 
fied as to the necessity or expediency thereof, and upon payment of a fee or 
charge therefor, to be fixed by the said Commissioner, may issue licenses to a 
limited number of persons of good character and standing, authorizing them to 
hawk and peddle within the Park such kinds of goods, wares or commodities as 
may be described in such license. The term of such licenses shall not be more 
than one year from the date thereof. 

The two preceding clauses shall not apply to the sale of goods by lumber- 
men to their employees or workmen. 


132 


Laan 


NOV 29 1967 


BINDING CL. 


— 


58594 
Gov.Doc. Ontario. Legislat 
Ont Sessional pa 
L Vol.28,pt.7 (1896 


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