V 


0059654 


IROTM,  BOTANIC  iftAHDEirs, 
BLEW. 


/%  Or 


! 


ICONES  PLANTARUM 

OR 

FIGURES,  WITH  DESCRIPTIVE  CHARACTERS  AND  REMARKS, 
OF  NEW  AND  RARE  HANTS 

SELECTED  FROM  THE 

KEW  HERBARIUM 


FIFTH  SERIES 


EDITED  FOR  THE  BENTHAM  TRUSTEES  BY 

SIR  ARTHUR  W.  HILL,  K.C.M.G.,  Sc.D.,  F.R.S. 

DIRECTOR,  ROYAL  BOTANIC  GARDENS,  KEW; 

HONORARY  FELLOW.  KING’S  COLLEGE,  CAMBRIDGE. 


VOL.  III. 

OH  VOL.  XXXIII.  OF  THE  ENTIRE  WORK. 


Part 

I. 

3201-3225,  December  1933.  — 

Part 

II. 

322(5-3250,  November  1934. 

Jus.  30, 

Part 

III. 

3251-3275,  August  1935.  — 

CXi-.fi .  r  / 

Part 

IV. 

3276-3300,  December  1935.  ■’ — 

DULAU  &  CO.,  Ltd. 

32  OLD  BOND  STREET,  LONDON,  W.l. 


y  Sr  /  i 


~p  ' 

'X/v<^v  i 


INDEX  TO  THE  PLATES  AND  NAMES 


The  names  given  in  clarendon  typo  are  those  of  plants  described  or  renamed  in 
the  work  ;  an  *  is  prefixed  to  the  names  of  those  not  figured.  Names  in 
roman  characters  are  those  of  plants  discussed  in  tho  text.  All  synonyms 
are  printed  in  italics ;  an  *  is  prefixed  to  synonyms  belonging  to  plants 
not  figured. 


Plate 

Adhatoda  Engleriana,  C.  B. 

Clarke . .‘1207 

Agapetes  angustifolia,  A  iry-Shaw  .*1255 

-  brachypoda.  Airy -Shaw  .  3257 

-  buxifolia,  Nutt.  .  .  .  3259 

- -  Hosseana,  Diels  .  3250,  3259 

-  Kanjilali,  A,  Dus  .  .  .  3269 

-  linearifolia,  C.  B.  Clarke  .  3255 

-  Mannii,  Hemsl .  3256 

-  noriifolia,  Airy -Shaw  .  .  3255 

-  nutans,  Dunn  .  .  .  .3255 

-  pensilis,  A  iry-Shaw  .  .  3256 

- spissa,  A  iry-Shaw  .  .  .  3258 

-  Wardii,  W.  W.  Sm.  .  .  3258 

-  yunnanensis,  Branch.  3256,  3259 

*Agrostis  ovata ,  G.  Forst.  .  .  3261 

Allium  Bornmulleri,  Hayek  .  3279 


-  moschatum,  L .  3279 

Alloteropsis,  Presl  .  .  .  .3210 

Amaracus  amanus,  Bornm.  .  .  3204 

-  cordifolius,  Benth.  .  .  .  3204 

-  *pulcher ,  Briq .  3204 

- - scaix'r.  Briq . 3294 

*A?nblyachyrum ,  Hochst.  ex 

Steud .  3262 

*A  ndropogon  binatus,  Rotz.  .  .  3262 

-  infirmus ,  St<  u(l.  .  .  .  3263 

Anisotes  bracteatus,  Milne-Red- 

htad .  3208 

-  umbrosus,  M line- Bedhead  3267 

-  Zenkori,  C.  B.  Clarke  .  .  3267 


*Anthisliriay  L.  f .  3286 

-  *membranacea,  Lindl.  .  .  3286 

- - - var.  *  trichopus,  Benth.  3286 

*Apocopis,  Nees .  3262 

Asplenium  longicauda,  Hook.  .  3287 

- paueijugum.  Ballot ■/  .  .  328 7 

♦Aster  Eylesii,  M ilne- Bedhead  .  3243 

Astragalus  apollinous,  Boiss.  et 

Heldr .  3202 


Astragalus  galegiformis,  Pan^.  . 

Plate 

3252 

-  glycyphylloides,  DC.  . 

3252 

- var.  serbicuSy  Beck  . 

3252 

-  glycyphyllus,  L.  .  .  . 

3252 

- Petrovicii ,  Vel.  . 

3252 

-  serbicusy  Pan6.  ex  Boiss.  . 

3252 

-  sericophyllus,  Oriseb.  .  . 

3202 

Barleria  linearifolia,  Betidle  . 

3293 

-  proxima,  Lindau  . 

3292 

-  quadrispina,  Lindau  .  . 

3293 

- setigera,  Bendle 

3293 

- var.  pumila,  Bendle 

- Smithii,  C.  B.  Clarke,  non 

3298 

Kendle . 

-  Smithii,  Bendle  .  .  . 

- tetraglochin,  Milne- Bed- 

3292 

head . 

3291 

-  waggana,  Bendle  . 

Basanacantha  echinocarpa,  Bui- 

3293 

lock . 

3298 

Blepharis  Homblei,  De  Wild. 

3266 

-  Hornby ae,  M  ilne- Bedhead  . 

3200 

- integrifolia,  E.  Mey.  . 

3266 

-  *mollugini folia,  Pers.  . 

3266 

Bolusia  amboensis,  Harms  . 

3246 

-  capensis,  Benth. 

3246 

-  resupinata,  M ilne- Bedhead 

3246 

- rhodesiana,  Corbishley 

Botrychium  chamaeconium,  Bitt. 

3246 

et  Hieron.  ex  Bitt.  . 

3235 

- lanuginosum,  Hook,  et  Qrev. 

3235 

Bouvardia  capitata,  Bullock 

3296 

- cataphyllaris,  Bullock 

3297 

- versicolor,  Ker  .... 

Brachypodium  sect.  Eu*Brachy- 

3297 

podium,  A schers.  et  Graebn. 
- sect.  Festucopsis,  C.  E. 

3280 

Hubbard . 

3280 

I 


INDEX  TO  THE  PLATES  AND  NAMES 


Plate 

Brachy  podium,  sect.  Lepto- 

rhachis,  Nevaki  .  .  .  3280 

- sect.  Trachynia,  Nym.  .  3280 

-  pinnatum,  Beauv.  .  .  .  3280 

-  serpentini,  G.  E.  Hubbard  3280 

-  sylvaticum,  R.  et  S.  .  .  3280 


Calyptochloa,  C.  E.  Hubbard 

(gen.  nov.) . 3210 

-  gracillima,  G.  E.  Hubbard  .  3210 

( 'ant Ilium,  Lam . 3242 

Cephaelis  Duckei,  Standley  .  .  3300 

-  potaroensis,  Sandwith  .  .  3300 

Cephalorrhynchus  Candolleanus, 

Boise .  3277 

-  cataractarum ,  Simk.  .  .  3277 

- glandulosus,  Boise.  .  .  3277 

- var.  cataractarum , 

.Simk .  3277 

-  hispidus,  var.  cataractarum , 

Simk .  3277 

Ceropegia  abyssinica,  JJecne.  .  3219 

- -  fllicalyx,  Bullock  .  .  .  3219 

*Chionachne  Sclerachne,  b\  M. 

Bailey . 3209 

Chorisandra,  Benth.  et  Hook.  f.  .  3250 
Cicerbita,  Wattroth  ....  3277 

-  glandulosa ,  Beauverd  .  3277 

*Cinna  ovata,  Kunth  .  .  .  3201 

Cleistochloa,  C.  E.  Hubbard 

(gen.  nov.) .  3209 

-  *Sclerachne,  C.  E.  Hubbard  3209 

-  subjuncea,  C.  E.  Hubbard  3209 

*Coelarthron ,  Hook.  f.  3262 

Costera  cyclophylla,  J.  J .  Smith 

et  Airy -Share  ....  3281 

-  ovalifolia,  J.  J.  Smith  .  3281 

Coutarea,  Avbl .  3295 

-  hoxandra,  K.  Sr  hum.  .  .  3295 

-  *lati flora,  Sessd  et  Moc.  ex 

DC . 8228 

-  *latiflora,  Standley,  non 

Sess6  et  Moc .  3295 

-  *Lumacana,  Bail].  .  .  .  3295 

-  +mexicana,  Zucc.  et  Mart.  3295 

-  *octomera,  Homsl.  .  .  .  3295 

-  *pterosperma ,  Standley  .  3295 

Crassula  aquatica,  Schonl.  .  .  3218 

-  natans,  Thunb.  .  .  .  3218 

- Vaillantii,  Roth  .  .  .  3218 

-  Wrightiana,  Bullock  .  .  3218 

Crotalaria  annua*  Mil  nr -Redhead  3243 

-  argyrolobioides,  Baker  .  3243 

-  axillaris,  Dryand.  .  .  .  3245 

-  bicolor,  /.  Johnston  .  3244 

-  phyllostachys,  Baker  .  .  3243 

-  praecox,  Milne- Redhead  .  3244 


Plate 

Crotalaria  streptorrhy  ucha,  M  line- 

Redhead .  3245 

Cuphea,  sect.  *Diploptychia, 

Koehne  .  .  3294 

- subsect.  Leio- 

ptychia,  Koehne  3294 

- subsect.  Orni- 

thocuphca , 

Koehne  .  .  3294 

- aubseet.  Tri- 

choptychia, 

Koehne  .  .  3294 

-  sect.  Ornithocuphea,  Bui- 

took . 8224 

-  avigera,  Robins,  et  Seaton  .  3294 

-  Hintoni,  Bullock  .  .  .  3294 

Cyananthus  macrocalyx  var. 

pilosus,  Marquand  .  .  .  3205 

- Wardii,  Marquand  .  .  .  3205 

Cymothoi ,  Airy- Shaw  .  .  .  3281 

- cyclophylla .  Airy-Shaw  .  3281 

Cynorchis  Barlaeae,  Schltr.  .  .  3230 

-  debilis,  Summerhayc a  .  .  3230 

-  parva.  Summer  ha  yes  .  .  3230 

Cyperu8  Bowmanni ,  F.  Muell.  .  3200 

-  hyalinus ,  Vahl  ....  3208 

- pumilus,  Noes,  non  L.  .  3208 

Diclidium,  Schrad .  3200 

Digastrium ,  A.  Camus  .  .  .  3203 

- fragile ,  A.  Camus  .  .  .  3203 

Digitaria,  Hall.  .  .  .  3210,  3231 

Disperis  cardiopetala.  Summer- 

hayes .  3270 

-  cordata ,  Summorhayes,  non 

Sw .  3270 

-  dicerochila,  Summer  hayes  .  3272 

-  Johnstoni,  Rchb.  f.  .  .  3209 

-  katangensis,  Summerhayes  3271 

-  Kerstenii,  Rchb.  /.  .  .  .  3272 

- louconeura,  Schltr.  .  .  .  3272 

-  mozambicensis,  Schltr.  8209,3271 

-  Nelsonii,  Rolfe  ....  3272 

- oppoeitifolia,  Lindt.  .  .  3272 

- -  Reichenbachiana,  Welw,  ex 

Rchb.f, .  3209 

-  Stolzii,  Schltr.  .  .  3209,3271 

-  togoensis,  Schltr.  .  .  .  3270 

-  virginalis,  Schltr.  .  .  .  3272 

Duroia  saccifera.  Hook.  f.  .  .  3241 

Echinopogon  *asper%  Trin.  .  .  3261 

-  *caespitosus,  G.  E.  Hubbard  3201 

- var-  *Cunninghamii, 

C.  E.  Hubbard  .  .  3201 

-  ’"Cheelii,  G.  E.  Hubbard  .  3201 

-  intermedius,  G.  E.  Hubbard  3201 

-  *McKiei,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3201 


INDEX  TO  THE  PLATES  AND  NAMES 


Plate 

Echinopogon  *novae-zelandiae , 

Gandoger .  3261 

-  *  nutans,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3261 

- var.  *  major,  C.  E. 

Hubbard  ....  3261 

-  —  *ovatus,  Beauv.  .  .  .  3261 

- var.  *pubiglumis,  C. 

E.  Hubbard  .  .  .  3261 
-  *phleoides,  C.  E.  Hubbard  3261 


-  *purpurascens ,  Gandoger  .  3261 

-  *Sieberi,  Steud.  .  .  .  3261 

-  *  virens,  Gandoger  .  .  .  3261 

Ectrosia,  It.  Br .  3283 

Elytrophorus,  Beauv.  .  .  .3283 

Encephalartos  grains,  Praia  .  3220 

- kosiensis.  Hutch.  .  .  .  3220 

Entolasia,  Stapf .  3200 

-  marginata,  Hughes  .  .  3209 

-  stricta,  Hughes  .  .  .  3209 

-  subjuncea ,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3209 

*  Ephebopogon ,  Neos  ot  Meyenox 

Steud .  3262 

Eragrostis,  Host .  3283 

Erlangea  Quarrei,  Hutch,  et  B.  L. 

Burtt . 3217 

-  sengensis,  S.  Moore  .  .  3217 


*Eulalia,  Kunth .  3262 

*Eulaliopsis,  Honda  ....  3262 

—  *angustiJolia ,  Honda  .  .  3262 

-  *binata,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3262 

Exochogyne,  C.  B.  Clarke  .  .  3273 

-  amazonica,  C.  B.  Clarke  .  3273 

-  decandra,  Tutin  .  .  .  3276 

-  megalorrhyncha,  Tutin  .  3274 


*  Felicia  Eylesii,  S.  Moore  .  .  3243 

Festuca,  sect.  Variae,  Hack.  .  3280 

-  flaveseens,  Bellardi  .  .  3280 

Fockea  * capensis ,  Endl.  .  .  .  3221 

-  crispa,  K.  Schum.  .  .  .  3221 

-  cylindrica,  R.  A.  Dyer  .  3221 

-  cdulis,  K.  Schum.  .  .  .  3221 

-  *  glabra,  Beene.  .  .  .  3221 

-  gracilis,  R.  A.  Dyer  .  .  3222 

-  sinuata,  Druce  ....  3222 

-  *undulata ,  N.  E.  Br.  .  .  3222 

*Gaimardiu  minima,  Colenso  .  3264 

Gaultheria,  series  Dumicolae, 

A  iry-Shaiv .  3207 

-  codonantha.  Airy- Shaw  .  3207 

-  dufnicola,  auett.  ...  3206 

-  dumicola,  W.  W.  Smith  3206,  3207 

1  dumicola,  var.  petano- 

neuron,  Airy-Shaw  .  .  3206 

- — -  notabilis,  Anlh .  .  .  .  3207 

Cenipa  echinocarpa ,  A.  Gray  .  3298 


Gentiana  calyculata,  Ehronb. ,  non 

La  LI.  et  Lex . 3299 

-  calyculata,  La  LI.  et  Lex.  .  3299 

-  salpinx,  Griseb . 3299 

Geranium  aristatum,  Freyn  el 

.  3276 

-  bohemicum,  L .  3276 

-  reflexum,  L .  3276 

Germainia,  Balansa  el  Poitrnss . .  3286 

*Glecoma  arvensis,  L.  ...  3229 

Habenaria  ambiyua,  Kraenzl.  .  3239 

-  cultriformis,  Kraenzl.  .  .  3237 

-  Engleriana,  Kraenzl.  .  .  3212 

-  geniculata,  D.  Don  .  .  3212 

- incompta,  Kraenzl.  .  .  3237 

-  longirostris,  Summerhayes  3211 

-  prionocraspedon,  Summer¬ 
hayes  . 3212 

-  rhombocorys,  Schltr.  .  .  3211 

-  Tweedieae,  Summerhayes  .  3237 

Heterachne  abortiva,  Druce  .  .  3283 

-  *Baileyi,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3283 

-  Brournii,  Benth.  .  .  .  3283 

-  *Gulliveri,  Benth.  .  ,  .  3283 

- var.  *  major,  C.  E. 

Hubbard  ....  3283 
Hintonia,  Bullock  (gen.  nov.)  .  3295 

-  *latiflora,  Bullock  .  .  3295 

- var.  leiantha,  Bullock  3295 

-  *Lumaeana,  Bullock  .  .  3295 

-  *octomera,  Bullock  .  .  3295 

-  *Standleyana,  Bullock  .  3295 

Homopholis,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  .  3231 

I -  Belsonii,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3231 

*Homoplitis,  Trin .  3262 

*Homozeugos,  Stapf  ....  3262 

*Hyacinthus  con  collar ioides ,  L.  f.  3247 
Hypericum  thasium,  Griseb.  .  .  3251 

*Hy8terici  na  alopecuroides ,  Steud.  3261 

laera ,  H.  F.  Copeland  .  .  .  3281 

Ischaemum,  subgen.  Digastrium, 

Hack .  3263 

-  *angustifolium.  Hack.  .  3262 

-  *Baileyi,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3263 

-  fragile,  R.  Br .  3263 

-  rug08um,  Salisb.  .  .  .  3263 

- truncatiglume ,  F.  Muell.  .  3262 

*Ischnochloa.  Hook.  /.  .  .  .  3262 

Iseilema  *actinostachys ,  Domin  .  3286 

-  calvum,  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3286 

-  *ciliatum,  C.  E.  HubUird  .  3286 

-  *convexum.  C.  E.  Hubbard  3286 

-  dolichotrichum,  C .  E. 

Hubbard  .  .  •  •  •  3285 

-  *macratherum,  Domin  .  3286 

-  membranaceum,  Domin  .  3286 


INDEX  TO  THE  PLATES  AND  NAMES 


Plate 

Iseilema  *  membra naceum  var. 

trichopus,  Domin  .  .  .  328G 

-  *Mitchellii,  Anderss.  .  .  3280 

- var.  *  trichopus ,  Hack.  3280 

- *trichopus,  C.  E*  Hubbard  3280 

-  *vaginiflorum,  Domin  .  3280 

— —  Windersii,  C.  E.  Hubbard  3284 


Ixora  anemodesma,  K.  Schum.  .  3241 

-  divaricate,  Hutch,  et  J.  M. 

Dalz .  3241 

- hippoperifera,  Bremekamp  3241 

-  laxiflora,  Sm .  3241 

-  longipedunculata,  De  Wild.  3241 

-  ncmatopoda,  K.  Schum.  .  3241 

-  rosea,  K.  Schum.  .  .  .  3241 

-  viridiflora,  K.  Schum.  .  .  3241 

Jasminum  apocnse,  Merr.  .  .  3282 

-  crassifolium,  Bl.  .  .  .  3282 

-  Cumingii,  Merr.  .  .  .  3282 

-  pellucidum,  Airy-Shaw  .  3282 

-  sarawaconse,  King  et 

Gamble .  3282 

Lucluca  cataraclarum ,  Simk.  .  3277 

Lactueopsis,  Schultz  Bip.  .  .  3277 

*Leptatherum,  Noes  .  .  .  .3202 

Leptoloma,  Chase  ....  3231 

- cognatum,  Chase.  .  .  .  3231 

-  papposum,  Hughes  .  .  3231 

Lepturus  *cylindricus,  Trin.  .  3233 

-  geminates,  C.  E.  Hubbard  3233 

-  mincurvatus ,  Trin.  .  .  .  3233 

-  *repcns,  B.  Br.  .  .  .  3233 

-  *xerophilus,  Domin  .  3233 

Liebrechtsia  Ringoeti ,  Do  Wild.  3213 

*Lophopogon,  Hack .  3202 

• -  *intermediust  A.  Camus  .  3202 

- Kingii,  Hook.  f.  3202 

-  *tcnax,  BalanBa  .  .  .  3202 

-  tridentatus,  Hack.  .  .  3202 

-  truncatiglumis,  Hack.  .  3202 


Lychnis  Cyrilli ,  Degon  et  Ddrfl., 

non  Richt.  ox  Reichb.  .  3228 

■ -  Cyrilli,  Richt.  ex  Reichb.  .  3228 

- subsp.  subintegra , 

Jiornin.  .  .  .  ♦  3228 

-  Flos  cuculi,  L.  .  .  .  .  3228 

_ subsp.  Cynlli ,  \  elcn.  3228 

- subsp.  subintegra, 

Hayek  ....  3228 

_ _ _ _  var.  Cyrilli ,  Polak  .  3228 

- subintegra,  Turrill  .  .  3228 

Mariscopsis  hyalinus,  Ballard  .  .1208 

.  —  ■  suaveolens,  Chonnczon  .  3208 

Mariscus  Bowmanni,  C.  B. 

Clarke . . 


Plate 

Mariscus  Dietrichiae,  C .  B. 

Clarke  .  .  .  .  3200 

- subsp.  Bowmannii, 


Domin  .  .  .  .  3200 

- subsp.  brevibractoa- 

tus,  Domin  .  .  .  3200 

Molica,  L .  3283 

Microlaena  polynoda,  Hook.  f.  .  3200 

Micromeria  f  ormosana,  M  ar- 

quand .  3230 

-  Wardii,  Marquand  et  A  iry- 

Shaw  .  3230 

*Microstegium,  Nees  .  .  .  .  3202 

Mulgedium,  Cass .  3277 

Mycolis,  Cass .  3277 

-  glandulosa ,  Hayok  .  .  .  3277 

Myrtus  Borbonis,  JSennen  .  .  3203 

-  communis,  L .  3203 

- var.  microphylla, 

Willk.  et  Lange  .  .  3203 

- var.  tarentina,  L.  .  3203 

-  tarentina ,  Mill .  3203 

emastachys,  Steud.  .  .  .  32 02 

Nissolia  Hintoni,  Sandwilh  .  .  3248 

-  laxior,  Rose .  3248 

-  montana,  Rose  ....  3248 

Origanum  amanutn ,  Post  .  .  3204 

-  *  scab  rum,  Boiss.  ot  Holdr.  3204 

Oryza  australiensis,  Domin  .  .  3232 

-  saliva ,  auctt .  3232 


-  saliva,  L.,  var.  fatua,  Drain  3232 

Oxygonum  dclagoenso,  O.  Kuntze  3210 

-  Drogeanum,  Meissn.  .  .  3210 

- fruticosum,  Dammtr  ex 

Milne-  Redhead  .  .  .  .3215 

-  pachybasis,  M ilne- Redhead  3215 

-  pubescens,  C.  H.  Wright  .  3215 

- tenerum,  Milne- Redhead  .  3210 


Palicouroa,  Aubl .  3300 

*Fan icum  marginatum  var.  stric- 
lum,  F.  M.  Bailey,  non 

Bentb . 3200 

-  subjunceum,  Domin,  non 

Ekman .  3200 

Paspalum  vaginatum,  Sw.  .  .  3204 

Pentas  carnosa,  Benth.  .  .  .  3205 

-  graniticola,  E.  A.  Bruce  .  3205 

-  longituba,  K.  Schum.  .  .  3205 

-  magniflea.  Bullock  .  .  3205 

-  nobilis,  S.  Moore  .  .  .  3205 

-  purpurea,  Oliv .  3205 

Physostigma  mesoponticum, 

Taub . 3214 

-  venenosum,  Balf.  .  ,  ,  3214 


INDEX  TO  THE  PLATES  AND  NAMES 


Plate 

Platycoryne  ambigua,  Summer- 

hayes  ......  3230 

-  megalorrhyncha,  Summer- 

hayes .  3238 

- tonuicaulis.  Rolfe  .  3238,3230 

Platymiscium  *ellipticum ,  Rusby  3240 

. -  fragrans,  Rusby  .  .  .  3240 

-  hebestachyum,  Benth.  .  3240 

-  lasiocarpum.  Sandwith  3240 

-  pubescens,  Michel i  3240 

Boa  abortiva,  R.  Br .  3283 

♦Pogonatherum,  Beauv.  .  3262 

*Pogonop8%s ,  J.  B.  Presl  .  .  3262 

* Pollinia ,  Trin.,  non  Spreng.  .  3262 

* Pollinidium,  Stapf  ox  Haines  .  3262 

-  *angu8tifolium,  Haines  .  3262 

-  *binatumf  C.  E.  Hubbard  .  3262 

*Polliniopsis,  Hayaia  ....  3262 

Polygonum  oquisotiformo,  S.  et  S.  3254 

-  icaricum,  K.  H.  Rechinger  3254 

-  longipes,  Hal.  et  Charr.  .  3254 

-  maritimum,  L .  3254 

-  sctosum,  Jacq.  .  .  •  3254 

- var.  rostionoides, 

Boise .  3254 

*Polytoca  Sclerachne,  F.  M. 

Bailey .  3200 

♦Polytrias,  Hack .  3262 

Portlandia,  P.  Br .  3205 

-  *Lumaeana,  Baill.  .  .  .  3295 

-  *ptero8perma ,  S.  Wats.  .  3295 

*Pseudopogonatherum,  A.  Camus  3262 

Psychotria,  L .  3300 

*Puliculum,  Stapf  ex  Haines  .  3262 

Pycreus  hyalinus ,  Domin  .  .  3208 

- - pumilus ,  Nees  ....  3208 

Pygmaeothamnus  concrescens, 

Bullock .  3242 

-  Zoyheri,  Robyns  .  .  .  3242 


Queenslandiella  hyalina,  Ballard  3208 
-  mira,  Domin  ....  3208 

Randia,  L .  3298 

-  aculoata,  L .  3208 

- echinocarpa,  Sess6  et  Moo.  3208 

Remijia  physophora,  Benth.  .  .  3241 

Rhadamanthus  convallarioides, 

Salisb .  3247 


-  urantherus,  R.  A.  Dyer  .  3247 

Rhynchospora  confusa,  Ballard  .  3250 

-  globosa,  Britton  .  .  .  3250 

-  hirta,  Boeck .  3250 

-  m inarum,  Steud.  .  .  .  3250 

-  'monadelpha ,  C.  B.  Clarke  3250 

-  W allichiana,  Kunth  .  .  3250 

*Rottboellia  uniflora ,  A.  Cunn.  .  3264 

Rouhamon  peduncu latum,  DC.  .  3225 


E. 


E. 


Saponaria  Aster ias ,  Griseb 
Satyria,  Klotzsch  .  .  . 

Satyrium  flmbriatum.  Summer- 
hayes  .... 

-  membranaceum,  Sw. 

-  princeps,  Bolus 

Sclerandrium,  Stapf  et  C, 
Hubbard  (gen.  nov. 

-  ^intermedium,  C. 

Hubbard 

-  truncatiglume,  Stapf 

C.  E.  Hubbard  .... 
Senecio  Cottonii,  Hutch,  et  Taylor 

- Johnstoni,  Oliver 

-  Johnstoni ,  auett. 

- kilimanjari,  Mildbr 

Silene  Asterias.  Oriseb. 

-  compacta,  Friv. 

-  glareosa,  Jord. 

-  *juvenalis,  Del. 

-  maritima,  With. 

-  olympica,  Boiss. 

-  Roemeri,  Friv.  . 

-  Sendtneri,  Boiss. 

- var.  emarginata, 

Beck  . 

-  subconica,  Friv . 

- var.  Grisebachii, 

David. 

- ventricosa,  Adamovit 

- vulgaris,  Garcke 

Solenanthus  albanieus,  Deg 

Bald . 

-  apenninus,  Hohmack 

-  Biebersteinii,  DC.  . 

-  petiolaris,  DC.  . 

-  Reverchonii,  Degen 

-  scar  die  us,  Bornm.  . 

-  stamineus,  Wettsl.  apud 

Stapf . 

Sorghum  dimidiatum,  Stapf 

-  purpureo-serieeum,.' t schers. 

etSchweinf. . 

-  versicolor,  Anderss. 

*Sphaeroschoenu8  Wallichii,  Nees 
*Spodiopogon  angustifolius ,  Trin. 
Stachys  arvensis,  L.  . 

-  hirta,  L. 

-  serbica.  Pand.  . 

SteptorhampkuB,  Bunge 
Strychnos  asperula.  Sprague  et 
Sandwith 


-  cogens,  Benth.  . 

-  divaricans,  Ducke  . 

- -  longissima,  ljoes.  . 

-  Mitacherlichii,  Rich . 

Schomb.  .  .  .  • 

-  panamensis,  Seem.  . 

-  pedunculata,  Benth. 


Plate 

3226 

3255 


3240 

3240 

:5lmo 

3262 


3262 

3262 

3290 

3288 

3289 
3289 
3226 

3226 
3201 
3201 
3201 

3227 
3227 
3227 


3227 

3201 

3201 

3227 

3201 

3278 

3278 

3278 

3278 

3278 

3278 

3278 

3234 

3234 

3234 

3250 

3262 

3229 

3229 

3229 

3277 

3224 

3223 

3224 
3223 


3225 

3223 

3225 


INDEX  TO  THE  PLATES  AND  NAMES 


Plate 

Strychnos  ramentifera,  Ducke  .  3224 

- rondeletioides,  Spruce  ex 


Benth .  3224 

-  Schomburgkiana ,  Klotzsch  3225 

- smilacina,  Benth.  .  .  .  3225 

-  tabascana,  Sprague  etSand- 

with .  3223 

- trichostyla,  Ducke  .  .  .  3224 

-  trinilensi8,  Griseb.  .  .  .  3225 

-  triplinervia,  Marl.  .  .  .  3223 

Syntrinema  braailiense ,  Radik,  et 

Pfeiff .  3250 

Tkomeda,  Forsk .  3280 

Trachynia,  Link .  3280 

Uragoga,  L .  3300 

Urgineopsis,  Compton  .  .  .  3247 

Verbascum  Dingleri,  Mattf.  et 

Stef. .  3253 


Verbascum  gracile,  Turrill  . 

- Nikolovii,  Stoy.  .  .  . 

- nobile,  Vel . 

-  psoudonobile,  Stoy.  et  Stef. 

- -  var.  acutiloba,  Stoy. 

et  Stef.  .... 
Vigna  esculenta,  De  Wild,  ex  Th. 
et  Hel.  Durand 

-  nuda,  N.  E.  Br. 

-  Ringoeti ,  E.  G.  Baker  . 


Zoisia  Broumiit  C.  Muell. 

- iodo8tachys>  Gandogor  . 

-  japonica,  Steud. 

- macrantha,  Desv.  .  .  . 

-  Matrella,  Men. 

-  paucifiora,  Mez 

- pungen8y  auctt.,non  Willd. 

-  sedoideey  C.  Muoll.  . 

- sinica,  Hance  .... 

- tenuifolia,  Trin.  .  .  . 


Plate 

3263 

3253 

3253 

3258 

3253 

3213 

3213 

3213 


3204 

3204 

3264 

3204 

3204 

3204 

3204 

3204 

3204 

3204 


Printed  in  England  at  The  Ballanttke  Press 
Spottiswoode,  Ballanttne  Si  Co.  Ltd. 
Colcheitec,  London  A  Etna 


* 


Tabula  3201. 

SILENE  SUBCONICA  Friv.  var.  GRISEBACHII  David. 

Caryophyllaceae.  Tribus  Sileneae. 

S.  subconica  Friv.  var.  Grisebachii  David,  in  Trud.  na  Big.  Prirod. 
Druz.  viii.  53  (seorsum  impr.  10)  (1915) ;  a  planta  Frivalskyana 
petalorum  unguibus  longe  exsertis  differt. 

Herba  annua,  a  basi  ramosa,  caulibus  2-4  dm.  longis  erectis  vel 
suberectis  inferne  densissime  albo-puberulis  superne  ut  pedicelli 
glanduloso-puberulis.  Folia  linearia  vel  lanceolato-linearia,  subacuta, 
inferiora  2-7  cm.  longa  et  1*5-2  mm.  lata,  superiora  breviora  utrinque 
dense  puberula.  Inflorescentia  2-7-flora ;  bracteae  subherbaceae, 
glandulosae  ;  pedicelli  usque  ad  1*3  cm.  longi.  Calyx  cylindricus, 

1- 5-1  *6  cm.  longus,  bre viter  glandulosus,  dentibus  lanceolatis  leviter 
scarioso-marginatis  ciliatis  7  mm.  longis  1-1*25  mm.  latis.  Petala 
rosea,  unguibus  2  cm.  longis  6-7  mm.  supra  calycis  dentes  exsertis 
apice  biauriculatis  auriculis  erectis  1  mm.  longis,  laminis  9  mm.  longis 
8  mm.  latis  3*5  mm.  lobatis ;  coronulae  2*25  mm.  longae,  ad  basin 
bilobatae.  Filamenta  1  *8  cm.  longa,  inferne  pubescentia.  Gynophorum 

2- 2*5  mm.  longum.  Ovarium  subcylindricum,  2*5  mm.  longum, 
1*25  mm.  diametro  ;  styli  3,  1*2  cm.  longi. 

Thrace.  Porto  Lagos,  dry  sandy  places,  23  May  1930,  H.  G.  Tedd 
334. 

An  account  of  the  synonymy  and  specific  history  of  Silene  subconica 
Friv.  has  been  published  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  40.  It  is  there  shown 
that  S.  juvenalis  Del.  is  a  synonym  of  this  species,  which — apart  from 
occurrences  as  an  alien — has  a  distribution  from  S.E.  Italy,  through 
Greece,  Thessaly,  N.  and  S.  Macedonia,  Thrace,  N.  and  S.  Bulgaria, 
the  Rodope  Massif,  Dobruja,  Serbia,  Hercegovina,  and  Asia  Minor, 
east  to  Armenia.  The  supposed  long  dormancy  of  the  seeds  under  the 
old  scoriae  from  the  silver  mines  at  Laurion  is  also  considered  and 
refuted. 

The  plant  figured  is  a  somewhat  striking  and  apparently  well-defined, 
though  rather  local,  variation  from  S.  subconica  which,  as  described 
by  Frivaldszky,  is  found  with  a  fairly  general  distribution  in  the 
countries  round  the  north  of  the  Aegean  Sea  and  extending  east,  north 


2 


and  west  from  there.  Davidoff  collected  his  material  from  near 
Dedeagach,  Maori,  and  Porto-Lagos.  He  remarks  that  the  variety 
flowers  10  to  15  days  later  than  the  typical  kind,  and  is  met  with  in 
small  communities  along  the  sands  of  the  Aegean  in  western  Thrace. 
It  seems  very  probable  that  the  variety  arose  mutationally  in  this 
area.  Flower  mutations  involving  petal  size,  recessive  to  the  normal, 
so  far  as  tested,  are  known  for  S.  maritima  and  add  to  the  poly¬ 
morphism  of  that  species.  It  is  of  interest  to  record  that  a  variation 
very  similar  to  that  of  S.  subconica  var.  Grisebachii  has  appeared  in  one 
plant  in  a  large  generation  of  S.  vulgaris  s.l.  (probably  a  segregate 
from  S.  glareosa  X  S.  vulgaris  s.s.),  grown  in  the  Herbarium  Ground, 
Kew,  from  seed  collected  by  the  writer  on  7  Aug.  1931,  above  St.  Nizier, 
Hautes  Alpes,  France.  Material  is  preserved  at  Kew  under  the  number 
K.1099,  Plant  4.  The  character  will,  it  is  hoped,  be  studied  genetically, 
and  its  “  parallel  ”  occurrence  in  another  species  is  alone  noted  here. 

Davidoff’s  statement  that  his  specimens  are  provided  with  “  carpo- 
phoro  longiore  (vix  2  mm.)  ”  needs  further  elucidation.  In  our  material 
the  true  gynophore  (carpophore)  in  the  flowering  condition  is  2  to 
2*5  mm.  long,  but  the  apparent  gynophore,  i.e.  from  the  base  of  the 
calyx  and  thus  including  the  calyx  invagination  and  the  very  tightly 
fitting  “  corolla-tube/’  is  quite  4  mm.  long.  It  is  probably  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  internode,  if  such  it  be,  between  the  calyx  and  corolla 
and  the  corresponding  elongation  of  the  true  gynophore  which  causes 
the  protrusion  of  the  petals  beyond  the  calyx  teeth.  Detailed  inves¬ 
tigation  must  await  the  receipt  of  material  suitable  for  anatomical 
examination. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fig.  1,  whole  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  calyx,  x  2  ;  3,  two  calyx-teeth  and  upper 
portion  of  tube  from  inside,  x  2  ;  4,  calyx  split  open,  showing  invagination  over 
top  of  pedicel,  “  corolla-tube  ”  and  lower  parts  of  filaments,  gynophore,  and 
gynoecium,  x  2 ;  5,  petal,  x  2 ;  6,  stamen,  x  2. 


■ 


Tabula  3202. 

ASTRAGALUS  SERICOPHYLLUS  Griseb. 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Galegeae. 

A.  sericophyllus  Griseb.  Spic.  FI.  rumel.  et  bithyn.  i.  52  (1843) ;  ab 
A.  apollineo  Boiss.  et  Heldr.  caulibus  foliisque  dense  adpresse  sericeis 
differt. 

Planta  humilis,  dense  adpresse  sericea,  radice  elongata  lignosa, 
caulibus  inferne  suffruticosis  ramosis  caespitosis  vel  subdiffusis.  Folia 
usque  ad  4*7  cm.  longa,  nitidissime  argentea  ;  foliola  2-6-juga,  oblongo- 
linearia,  linearia,  vel  fere  oblonga,  subobtusa  vel  acutiuscula,  6-18  mm. 
longa,  1-2  mm.  lata,  costa  dorso  prominula ;  stipulae  ovato-triangu- 
lares  vel  ovato-oblongae  rare  oblongo-lineares,  1  *5-2  mm.  longae,  intus 
glabrae  et  virides  vel  vetustae  fuscae.  Injlorescentia  1-10-flora ; 
pedunculus  2*5-12  cm.  longus ;  bracteae  oblongo-ovatae,  circiter 
2  mm.  longae  pilis  albis  nigrisque  obtectae ;  bracteolae  plus  minus 
obsoletae.  Calyx  cylindricus,  dorso  circiter  1*5  mm.  fissus,  7-11  mm. 
longus,  pilis  albis  nigrisque  obtectus,  dentibus  anguste  subulato- 
triangularibus  vel  fere  subulatis  1*5  mm.  longis  (in  fructu  usque  ad 
2*5  mm.  longis)  marginibus  anguste  membranaceis  hirsutis  instructus. 
Corolla  purpurascens ;  vexillum  1*9  cm.  longum,  parte  superiore 
1*1  cm.  longa  6  mm.  lata  oblonga,  deinde  triangulari-auriculatum, 
parte  inferiore  gradatim  cuneato-angustatum ;  alae  1*7  cm.  longae, 
lamina  7  mm.  longa  3  mm.  lata;  carina  1*4  cm.  longa.  Gynoeciurn 
1*4  cm.  longum;  stylus  complanatus ;  ovarium  cylindricum,  5  mm. 
longum,  1*25  mm.  diametro,  dense  adpresse  hirsutum.  Fructus 
immaturus,  1*8  cm.  longus  (stylo  excluso),  3  mm.  latus,  subadpresse 
villosus. 

North  Macedonia.  “  Scardus  ”  Grisebach ;  Prilip,  in  saxosis  m. 
Sivec,  copiose,  22  June  1921,  Sollka. 

South  Macedonia.  Near  Gomichevo,  west  of  Lake  Ostrovo, 
920  m.,  rocky  limestone  slopes  by  the  Fiorina  road,  15  June  1932, 
Alston  and  Sandwich  867  ;  Krystallopegae  (Smrdesh),  1540  m.,  lime¬ 
stone  cliffs,  summit  of  slopes  on  south  side  of  valley,  east  of  the  village, 
19  June  1932,  Alston  and  Sandwith  909.  . 

Greece.  In  m.  Kythaerone  supra  Villia  Atticae,  in  reg.  abietina, 
30  Maj.  1856,  J.  Guieeiardi ,  in  Heldr.  Herb.  Graec.  norm.  510; 
Mt.  Parnes,  1200  in.,  among  fir  woods,  June  1932,  S.  C.  Atchley  1600. 


2 


The  attractive  species  figured  here  has  an  interesting  distribution, 
still  incompletely  known,  from  the  southern  parts  of  North  (Serbian) 
Macedonia,  known  also  as  South  Serbia  and  as  Vardar,  through  western 
South  (Greek)  Macedonia,  to  Greece  proper  in  Attica.  In  addition 
to  the  records  of  specimens  cited  above,  all  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  the 
following  are  important :  “  In  regione  montana  Macedoniae  occidentalis ; 
in  m.  Nidg<$,  cum  Junipero  Oxycedro ,  alt.  2650/-3000/  (substr.  marmor.) ! ; 
inter  Trojaz-chan  et  Perlepe  (substr.  calc.)  (Friedr.).  FI.  Jun.  E.” 
(Griseb.  l.c.) ;  “  In  regione  superiore  mt.  Ossa  Thessaliae  ”  (Hal. 
Consp.  Flor.  Graec.  i.  431  :  1900) ;  Pletvar  in  M.  (Vandas,  Reliq. 
Formanek.  172  :  1909).  It  may  be  noted  that  Perlepe  is  another 
name  for  Prilip,  that  Trojaci  is  a  village  lOi  miles  to  the  east  of  Prilip, 
and  Pletvar  a  place  5  miles  to  the  east  of  Prilip.  It  is  probable  that 
Grisebach’s  specimen  written  up  “  Scardus  ”  in  the  Kew  Herbarium 
is  not  from  Scardus  proper,  i.e.  the  Shar  Planina,  but  is  a  type  specimen 
from  “  m.  Nidge.”  In  his  Reise  durch  Rumelien,  ii.  164  (1841), 
Grisebach  lists  his  Astragalus  sericophyllus  as  collected  on  28  June  1839, 
between  2650  and  3000  ft.,  above  Zejjen.  In  tracing  Grisebach’s 
route  for  this  part  of  his  journey  it  appears  probable  that  he  crossed 
the  Malka  Nidge  and  not  the  higher  range  of  the  Nidge  proper  to  the 
north-east.  It  is  evident  that  the  species  may  be  expected  to  occur 
on  mountains  between  those  of  South  Macedonia  and  Attica.  The 
record  for  Mt.  Ossa  indicates  an  intermediate  station,  but  no  specimen 
from  Thessaly  has  been  seen. 

A  certain  range  of  variation  is  apparent  in  the  available  material, 
more  especially  in  the  shape  of  the  leaflets.  These  are  relatively  long 
and  narrow  in  the  specimens  under  Alston  and  Sandwith  909,  and 
relatively  short  and  broad  in  those  under  Atchley  1600.  The  remaining 
specimens  are  more  or  less  intermediate  in  this  respect.  The  proportion 
of  white  to  black  hairs  on  the  calyces  and  the  extent  to  which  they  are 
adpressed  also  show  some  variation.  Alston  and  Sandwith  describe 
the  flowers  of  their  No.  867  as  “  reddish-purple  ”  and  of  their  No.  909 
as  “  standard  mauve  ;  keel  and  wings  whitish.” — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fiq.  1,  entire  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  leaflet,  x  4  ;  3,  vexillura,  x  2  ;  4,  ala,  x  2  ; 
5,  carina,  x  2 ;  6,  androecium,  x  2 ;  7,  gynoecium,  x  2 ;  8,  immature  fruit, 
natural  size. 


Tabula  3203. 

MYRTUS  COMMUNIS  L.  var.  TARENTINA  L. 

Myrtaceae.  Tribus  Myrteae. 

M.  communis  L.  var.  tarentina  L.  Sp.  PI.  471  (1753).  M.  tarentina 
Mill  Gard.  Diet.  ed.  8  (1768) ;  Bertol.  FI.  Ital.  v.  120  (1842) ;  Rouy 
et  Fouc  FI.  de  France,  vii.  155  (1901),  “  une  forme.”  M.  Borbonis 
Sennen,  Plantes  d’Espagne,  3052  in  Herb.  Mus.  Brit.— A  planta 
vulgari  foliis  multo  angustioribus  leviter  crassioribus  paullo  magis 
coriaceis  differt. 

Frutex  ramosissimus,  ramis  junioribus  densissime  puberulis,  inter- 
nodiis  5-10  mm.  longis.  Folia  opposita  vel  supeme  praecipue  plus 
minusve  spiralia,  august©  lanceolato-elliptica,  acuta  vel  leviter  apicu- 
lata,  1*1-2 -4  cm.  longa,  4-7  mm.  lata,  subcoriacea,  glabra,  costa 
supra  impressa,  infra  prominente,  nervis  lateralibus  inconspicuis ; 
potiolus  0  •  5-1  •  5  mm.  longus,  puberulus.  Flores  in  foliorum  superiorum 
axillis  solitarii ;  pedicelli  5-8  (raro  10)  mm.  longi,  minute  puberuli ; 
bracteolae  2,  pedicelli  apice  sitae,  angustissime  lineari-lanceolatae, 
lineares  vel  fere  subulatae,  vix  0*75  mm.  longae.  Receptaculum 
obconicum,  4—4-5  mm.  longum,  3  mm.  diametro,  glabrum.  Calyx 
5-lobus,  lobis  late  triangularibus  obtusis  1  mm.  longis  2  mm.  latis 
glabris  ciliolatis.  Petala  5-7,  saepissirae  late  ovato-elliptica  vel  fere 
orbicularia,  7  mm.  longa,  6  mm.  lata,  interdum  minora,  ciliolata. 
Stamina  8  mm.  longa,  antheris  vix  0*75  mm.  longis.  Discus  minutis- 
sime  hispidulus.  Stylus  6*5  mm.  longus,  apice  rccurvus  (an  semper), 
ima  basi  leviter  hispidulus.  Fruetus  subellipsoideus,  7-8  mm.  longus, 
4*5-5  mm.  diametro.  Semina  convoluta,  circiter  2  mm.  diametro. 

Dalmatia.  Island  of  Lacroma,  near  Dubrovnik  (Ragusa),  6  Aug. 
1925,  Turrill  1062. 

Myrtus  communis  L.  has  been  recognized  from  ancient  times  to  be 
a  polymorphic  species,  and  it  is  of  interest  that  some  of  its  variations, 
including  that  figured  here,  can  be  traced  back  in  literature  to  a  period 
nearly  two  thousand  years  ago. 

The  variety  tarentina  is  primarily  distinguished  from  other  varieties 
by  the  smaller  and  narrower  leaves.  All  specimens  examined  which 
have  been  definitely  placed  in  this  variety  have  also  a  fine  thick  indu¬ 
mentum  on  the  young  branches.  This  character,  however,  is  not 
limited  to  var.  tarentina ,  being  seen  in  other  specimens,  preserved  at 


2 


Kew,  with  leaves  of  or  approximating  to  the  average  shape  and  size 
for  the  species.  The  pedicels  are  on  the  whole  shorter  and  the  flowers 
slightly  smaller  than  in  the  more  usual  varieties,  but  no  constant 
characters,  limited  to  the  variety,  have  been  found  in  the  shape  of  the 
calyx  segments  or  fruits,  although  it  should  be  noted  that  little  fruiting 
material  is  available  for  study.  Structures  intermediate  between 
sepals  and  petals,  and  between  petals  and  stamens,  have  been  observed 
in  cultivated  material.  The  internodes  are  frequently  rather  short, 
giving  the  leaves  a  crowded  appearance.  There  is  in  some  specimens 
a  tendency  for  the  leaves,  especially  in  the  flowering  parts  of  the 
branches,  to  lose  their  definite  opposite  decussate  arrangement.  Plants 
seen  by  the  writer  in  Dalmatia  were  somewhat  smaller  than  most  of 
those  of  the  commoner  kind. 

It  is  difficult  to  speak  with  certainty  of  the  natural  distribution  of 
the  variety,  partly  because  of  the  paucity  of  herbarium  material  and 
partly  because  it  has  been  widely  cultivated.  It  occurs  here  and  there 
in  the  macchia  on  the  Dalmatian  coast,  mixed  with  specimens  of  the 
broader-leaved  variety,  having  been  found,  for  example,  near  sea- 
level  on  the  island  of  Lacroma,  in  1925  (Turrill  1062).  In  Italy  it  is 
recorded  from  near  Taranto  and  from  the  Naples  district.  For  Sicily, 
Pojero,  FI.  Sicula,  i.  pt.  2,  225  (1891),  says  “  La  var.  tarentina  la 
cito  solo  per  farsene  ricerca  in  Sicilia,  ove  non  dovrebbe  mancare.” 
Moris,  FI.  Sardoa,  ii.  79  (1840),  records  the  variety  in  Sardinia  as 
growing  “  in  aridis  circa  S.  Rocco  di  Pula,”  but  also  says  “  Varietas 
tarentina ,  in  hortis  cultura  persistens,  alienam  a  vulgari  stirpe  faciem 
refert.  Sed  stipites  ejus,  in  statu  naturae  folia  ramea  inferiora 
identidem  promunt  ut  in  varietate  vulgari ,  praeterea  occurrunt  foliis 
baccisque  minoribus  majoribusve  quibus  ad  typum  accedent.”  Rouy 
and  Foucaud  (l.c.)  record  our  plant  from  various  localities  in  the 
Bouches-du-Rhone,  Aude,  and  Corsica.  It  is  doubtful  if  the  variety 
occurs  wild  in  Spain.  Laguna,  FI.  For.  Espan.  153,  t.  9  (1872),  says  it  is 
cultivated  at  Granada  and  (probably)  in  Cataluna  at  S.  Miguel  del  Fay. 

In  the  herbarium  of  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History)  there  is"  a 
specimen  from  Cataluna  (Monroig,  garigues  de  Miramar,  1917 — iv  et  vii, 
F.  Sennen — Plantes  d’Espagne  3052),  under  the  name  Myrtus  Borbonis 
Sennen,  which  is  indistinguishable  from  M.  communis  var.  tarentina . 

The  var.  microphylla  \V  illk.  et  Lange,  Prodr.  FI.  Hisp.  iii.  191  (1874), 
is  most  probably  a  different  variety  from  var.  tarentina .  Lowe,  Manual 
FI.  Madeira,  268  (1868),  says  that  var.  tarentina  occurs  frequently  in 
gardens.  A  specimen  in  Herb.  Kew.  collected  in  Teneriffe  (in  rupibus 
siccis  Metceca,  Aug.  1845,  Bourgeau  513)  shows  that  the  plant  is  known 
from  the  Canaries,  but  probably  only  as  an  escape  from  cultivation. 

The  varietal  name  “tarentina”  was  taken  over  by  Linnaeus  (Sp.  PI. 
47 J :  1753)  from  C.  Bauhin  (Pinax  469:  1623),  and  by  C.  Bauhin  from 
Mattioli  (Comment.  ed.Bauh.  196: 1598).  Linnaeus’s  reference  is  simply 
“y  Myrtus  minor  vulgaris.  Bauh.  pin.  469.”  Fortunately  in  Mattioli, 
l.c.  195,  under  the  title  “  II.  Myrtus  Tarentina,”  there  is  an  excellent 
figure  which  enables  the  variety  to  be  fixed  without  doubt.  The  text 


3 


no 


* 


comments  on  the  plant  are  “  Quod  Dioscoridi  Myrtidanum  nominatur, 
vulgo  notissimum  est,  ubi  scilicet  myrtus  frequens  nascitur.  Sunt 
et  alia  veteribus  Myrti  genera,  nobis  quoque  non  ignota,  nempe 
Tarentinum,  et  exoticum.  Tarentina  a  Tarento  Apuliae  civitate,  ubi 
copiosa  provenit  ita  vocata,  folio  est  nostrate  longe  minutiore,  robustio- 
reque  :  fructu  minore,  copiosiore,  et  in  summitate  pluribus  apicibus 
coronato,  colore  ex  nigro  purpurascente,  minutis,  crebris,  albicanti- 
busque  intus  ossiculis  :  floribus  communi  Myrto  similibus.,, 

This  description  is,  in  part,  the  same  as  that  in  Dalechamps,  Hist. 
Gen.  237-38  (1587)— where  (on  p.  237)  there  is  also  a  good  figure  of  our 
plant  under  the  name  Myrtus  Tarentina — and  is  evidently  derived  from 
Mattioli’s  Comment,  ed.  1565,  p.  232  (figure  on  p.229).  This  figure 
is  similar  to,  but  not  the  same  as,  that  in  Bauhin’s  edition,  but  is  a 
reproduction  of  that  in  Mattioli,  New  Kreiiterbuch,  81  (1563).  On 
p.  80  of  this  work  the  following  words  occur  : 

“  Es  sindt  auch  noch  andere  geschlecht  bey  den  alten  erfunden, 
nemlich  bey  dem  Plinio  lib.  15.  cap.  29.  der  erzelet  noch  Myrtum 
Tarentinam,  und  Exoticam. 

Myrtus  Tarentina,  allso  genandt  von  der  herrlichen  stadt  Apuliae, 
hat  vil  kleiner  und  steiffer  Blotter  dann  der  einheymische.  Auch 
runder  und  kleiner  friichte,  die  sindt  am  oberteil  gekronet,  an  der  farb 
schwarz  purpur,  haben  inwendig  vil  weisse  kleinc  steinkernlen.  Er 
bliiet  wie  der  gemeine  Myrtenbaum.” 

This  reference  to  the  name  Myrtus  Tarentina  most  certainly,  as  indi¬ 
cated  by  the  description,  locality,  and  figure,  refers  to  the  plant  here 
figured.  The  reference  to  Pliny,  however,  allows  the  variety  to  be  traced 
back  to  near  the  beginning  of  the  Christian  era  (Pliny:  a.d.  23-79). 
Pliny’s  words  are  :  “  Sati varum  genera  topiarii  faciunt :  Tarentinam, 
folio  minuto :  nostratem,  patulo :  hexasticham  densissimo,  senis 
foliorum  versibus,”  ed.  Harduin.  i.  753  (1723).  It  would  seem  that 
Pliny  regarded  the  Tarentine  myrtle  as  a  cultivated  plant.  Be  that  as 
it  may,  it  is  a  matter  of  considerable  interest  that  the  same  variety  is 
still  in  existence  after  nearly  two  thousand  years.  The  Tarentine 
myrtle  was  also  mentioned  in  Mattioli,  Comm.  129  (1554),  and  the 
name  may  occur  in  other  early  herbals  than  those  here  quoted. 

In  Museum  No.  I  at  Kew,  specimens  of  Myrtus  communis  are  pre¬ 
served  from  ancient,  especially  Egyptian,  tombs.  Material  received 
from  Prof,  (now  Sir)  Flinders  Petrie,  from  “  animal  burials  of  Roman 
age  Lahun,”  has  hairy  shoots  and  leaves  smaller  than  the  average  for 
the  species,  but,  in  the  writer’s  opinion  the  leaf  shape  is  not  that  of  the 
var.  tarentina. 

The  variety  is  said  to  be  hardier  under  cultivation  in  the  British  Isles 
than  other  varieties  (see  Bean,  Trees  and  Shrubs  Hardy  in  the  British 
Isles,  ii.  91 :  1921).— W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fiq.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  flower  bud,  x  4;  3,  petal,  adaxial 
translucent  view,  x  4;  4,  stamen,  x  8 ;  5,  gynoecium  and  calyx,  x  4 ;  o,  iruit, 
x  2  ;  7,  seed,  x  6. 


* 


3204 


Tabula  3204. 

AMARACUS  AMANUS  (Post)  Bornm. 

Labiatae.  Tribus  Saturejeae. 

A.  amanus  (Post)  Bornm.  in  Notizbl.  Bot.  Gart.  Berlin,  vii.  26  (1917). 
Origanum  amanum  Post  in  Bull.  Ilerb.  Boiss.  iii.  161  (1895). — Ab 
A.  scabro  (Boiss.  et  Heldr.)  Briq.,  foliis  infra  nervis  hispidis,  marginibus 
hispido-ciliatis,  inflorescentiis  saepissime  simplicibus,  corolla  3*2  cm. 
longa,  staminibus  in  tubo  inclusis  facile  distinguitur. 

Planta  perennis,  inf  erne  suffruticosa.  Radix  lignosa.  Caules 
numerosi,  e  basi  decumbente  vel  ascendente  erecti,  usque  ad  1*6  dm. 
longi,  juniores  purpurei  deinde  brunnei,  hispidi,  inferne  ramosi,  inter- 
nodiis  0 •  7-2  cm.  longis.  Folia  ovata,  acuta  vel  subacuta,  basi  cordata, 
sessilia,  saepissime  circiter  1*3  cm.  (usque  ad  1-7  cm.)  longa  et  1  cm. 
(usque  ad  1*3  cm.)  lata,  supra  glabra  vel  glabrescentia,  infra  in  nervis 
hispida,  utrinque  glanduloso-punctata,  nervis  infra  prominentibus 
supra  subprominentibus,  marginibus  hispido-ciliatis.  Injlorescentia 
simplex  vel  rarissirae  ramosa,  compacta,  1*5-2 -7  cm.  longa,  1-1*7  cm. 
lata  ;  bracteae  inferiores  foliis  subsimiles  sed  minores  et  purpuras- 
centes,  llorales  imbricatae,  anguste  ovatae  vel  elliptico-ovatae,  acutae, 
basi  cuneatae  vel  truncatae,  0*5-1  *5  cm.  longae,  2*5-9  mm.  latae, 
utrinque  glabrae  vel  glabrescentes,  supra  glanduloso-punctatae,  infra 
haud  vel  sparse  glanduloso-punctatae,  membranaceae,  marginibus 
ciliatis,  purpureae.  Calyx  anguste  campanulatus,  9  mm.  longus, 
tubo  1  mm.  diametro  extra  sparsissime  setoso  intus  fauce  leviter  piloso, 
labio  superiore  2*5  mm.  longo  dentibus  3  subaequalibus  triangularibus 
acutis  0*5  mm.  longis  saepe  ciliatis  instructo,  inferiore  dentibus  2  sub¬ 
aequalibus  triangularibus  acutis  2  mm.  longis  saepe  ciliatis  praedito. 
Corolla  3*2  cm.  longa,  tubo  2*8  cm.  longo  1*5  mm.  diametro  hispidulo 
haud  glanduloso-punctato,  labio  superiore  transverse  elliptico  breviter 
bifido,  2  mm.  diametro,  labio  inferiore  lobis  3  subaequalibus  (medio 
lateralibus  leviter  majore)  orbicularibus  0*25  cm.  diametro  instructo, 
lobis  omnibus  vix  crenulatis.  Stamina  in  corollae  tubo  inclusa,  2  •  3  cm. 
et  2*45  cm.  supra  basin  inserta,  filamentis  0*5  mm.  longis.  Stylus 
juvenilis  apice  aequaliter  bifidus. 

Syria.  Amanus  :  Gaiour  Dagh,  Aug.-Sept.  1892,  Post  323  ;  mont. 
de  Drildril,  1500-2000  m.,  Aug.  1911,  Haradjian  3884. 


2 


The  very  striking  species  here  figured  is  especially  remarkable  for 
the  elongated  corolla-tube,  which  far  exceeds  in  length  that  of  any 
other  known  species  of  Amaracus  or  of  the  allied  genera  Origanum  and 
Major  ana.  Apparently  in  correlation  with  the  long  corolla-tube,  the 
stamens  have  very  short  filaments  and  are  included  in  the  tube. 

The  affinity  of  A.  amanus  is  with  A.  scaber  (Boiss.  et  Heldr.)  origin¬ 
ally  described  from  Mt.  Taygetos  in  the  Peloponnese.  Orphanides 
also  collected  it  on  Mt.  Malevo,  Laconia.  A.  pulcher  (Boiss.  et  Heldr.) 
Briq.,  from  Mt.  Dirphys  (Delphi)  and  Kandyli,  Euboea,  has  usually 
been  regarded  as  a  distinct  species.  A  careful  examination  of  the 
material  now  available  at  Kew  has,  however,  led  to  the  conclusion 
that  it  is  not  specifically  distinct  from  A.  scaber .  The  earliest  name 
for  the  species  as  thus  accepted  is  Origanum  scabrum  Boiss.  et 
Heldr.  removed  to  Amaracus  by  Briquet  in  Pflanzenfam.  iv.  3A,  306 
(1896).  Another  species  showing  some  morphological  affinity  with 
Amaracus  amanus  is  A.  cordifolius  (Montbr.  et  Auch.)  Benth.  from 
Cyprus  (probably  the  record  from  Syria  is  incorrect).  This  is  a  much 
taller  plant  with  broader  floral  bracts  and  shorter  corollas. 

The  plate  and  description  have  been  prepared  from  Haradjian’s 
material  preserved  at  Kew.  President  Dodge,  of  the  American 
University  of  Beirut,  kindly  lent  the  type  specimen  from  Post’s  Her¬ 
barium,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  Haradjian  s  and  Post  s  material 
represent  the  same  species.  The  former  has  the  vegetative  parts 
slightly  more  hispid,  the  leaves  and  bracts  less  acute,  the  calyx-teeth 
slightly  broader,  and  the  corolla-tube  less  hairy  than  in  the  type.  One 
of  the  three  pieces  of  the  type  sheet  has  the  bracts  and  calyx-teeth 
exceptionally  narrow,  the  former  being  almost  acuminate. 

A.  K.  Jackson. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  portion  of  lower  surface  of  leaf,  x  4  ;  3,  flower 
bud,  x  2  ;  4,  calyx,  x  4 ;  5,  upper  portion  of  calyx  opened  out,  x  4  ;  6,  corolla 
opened  out,  x  2  ;  7,  stamen,  dorsal  view,  x  8  ;  8,  gynoecium,  x  4  ;  9,  ovary,  x  12. 


3205 


Tabula  3205 

CYANANTHUS  WARDII  Marquand. 

Campanulaceae.  Tribus  Campanuleae. 

C.  Wardii  Marquand  in  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  Bot.  xlviii.  196  (1929)  ; 
S.  macrocalyci  Franch.  var.  piloso  Marquand  e  provincia  Yunnan 
affinis,  a  quo  foliis  scssilibus  ellipticis  dense  et  longe  pilosis  cataphyllis 
magnis  subscariosis  inter  alia  differt. 

Planta  perennis.  Caudex  raraosus  cataphyllis  obtusis  spathulatis 
submembranaceis  1-1-5  cm.  longis  3-3*5  mm.  latis  dense  vestitus. 
Caules  floriferi  et  steriles  multi,  graciles,  adscendentes,  sparse  pilosi, 
circiter  8  cm.  longi.  Folia  caulina  infra  minuta,  sursum  increscentia, 
oblanceolata,  subobtusa,  usque  11  mm.  longa,  4  mm.  lata,  subsessilia, 
utrinque  dense  albo-pilosa.  Flares  solitarii,  terminals,  brevissime 
pedicellati.  Calyx  extra  densissime  pilosus ;  tubus  circiter  7  mm. 
longus,  6-7  mm.  diametro,  intus  glaber ;  lobi  5,  4-5  mm.  longi,  basi 
3*5-4  mm.  lati,  apice  subacuti,  intus  pilosi.  Corolla  caerulea, 
3-4  cm.  longa,  usque  ad  tertiam  partem  in  lobos  5  oblongos  mucronu- 
latos  circiter  5  mm.  latos  divisa,  fauce  albido-tomentosa,  extra  apice 
pilosa.  Stamina  5,  filamentis  gracillimis  corollae  tubo  dimidio  brevi- 
oribus  ;  antherae  ovoideae,  3-3*5  mm.  longae.  Stylus  glaber,  corollae 
tubum  vix  excedens.  Ovarium  ovoideo-oblongum,  1  cm.  longum, 
glabrum. 

S.E.  Tibet.  Nambu  La,  3400-3600  m.,  13  Aug.  1924,  Kingdon 
Ward  (with  no.  6082). 

This  interesting  species  was  found  with  specimens  of  Microula 
siickimensis  Hemsl.  collected  by  Capt.  F.  Kingdon  Ward,  by  whom  it 
was  also  introduced  into  cultivation.  It  is  the  most  densely  hairy 
species  known  in  this  aberrant  genus,  which  differs  from  all  other  genera 
of  Campanulaceae  in  having  the  ovary  wholly  superior,  and  is  confined 
to  the  interior  of  Asia.  The  rather  striking  habit  of  the  plant  is  doubt¬ 
less  a  response  to  the  conditions  under  which  it  grows,  where,  at  an 
altitude  of  12,000  feet,  it  would  be  under  deep  snow  in  the  winter  and 
exposed  to  the  high  winds  prevalent  in  Tibet  during  the  comparatively 
short  summer  period. — C.  V.  B.  Marquand. 

Fig.  1,  portion  of  a  plant,  showing  the  caudex  with  cataphylls.  and  the  flower¬ 
ing  stems,  natural  size  ;  2,  flower  in  longitudinal  section,  x  1*6  ;  3,  stamen,  seen 
from  without,  x  3 ;  4,  gynoecium,  x  2. 


■ 


J 


3206 


Tabula  3206. 


GAULTHERIA  DTJMICOLA 
var.  PETANONEURON  Airy-Shaw. 

Ericaceae.  Tribus  Gaultherieae. 

G.  dumicola  W.  IV.  Smith  in  Notes  Roy.  Bot.  Gard.  Edinb.  ix.  106 
(1916),  var.  petanoneuron  Airy-Shaw.  G.  dumicola  auctt.  Edin.  in 
Notes  Roy.  Bot.  Gard.  Edinb.  xvii.  158,  286,  360  (1930). — Varietas 
nova,  foliis  latioribus  cordatis,  nervis  lateral ibus  a  costa  angulo  fere 
recto  divergentibus  margini  (praecipue  basali)  subparallelis  distincta. 

Frutex  0  •  6-1  •  2  m .  altus .  Ramuli  arcuati  (teste  Forrest) ,  subteretes, 
subtiliter  striati,  glabri,  usque  5  mm.  diametro,  levissime  anfractuosi, 
internodiis  3-5*5  cm.  longis.  Folia  late  ovata,  usque  14  cm.  longa  et 
9  cm.  lata,  basi  cordata,  acuminata,  margine  minute  denticulata  denti- 
culis  setula  caduca  terminatis  apicem  folii  versus  in  dentes  manifes- 
tiores  transeuntibus,  valde  coriacea,  olivacea  (infra  pallidiora),  utrinque 
glabra,  nervis  supra  impressis  infra  prominulis  costa  valida  valde  pro- 
minente  \  nervi  laterales  utrinque  solitarii,  ab  ipsa  basi  angulo  fere 
recto  exorti  atque  laminam  margini  fere  paralleli  percurrentes,  a  margine 
circiter  5-8  mm.  (raro  usque  11  mm.)  distantes ;  nervi  tertiarii  inter 
hos  et  nervum  tenuem  stricte  marginalem  plus  minus  crebre  scalari- 
formes ;  nervi  alii  tertiarii  a  costa  irregulariter  adscendentes,  saepe 
furcati,  inter  se  anastomosantes ;  petioli  robusti,  circiter  2-4  mm. 
longi,  2-3  mm.  crassi,  basi  distincte  articulati,  ex  area  ramuli  elongato- 
elliptica  laevi  fusco-castanea  orti.  Inflorescentiae  axillares,  brevissime 
racemosae  vel  fere  fasciculares,  multiflorae,  glabrae  ;  rhachis  usque 
1  *8  cm.  longa  ;  bracteae  bracteolaeque  parvae,  deltoideo-subulatae, 
0*5-1  *5  mm.  longae,  dorso  carinatae,  plus  minus  scariosae  et  fimbriatae 
vel  glanduloso-ciliatae  ;  pedicelli  patuli,  usque  8  mm.  longi.  Flores 
officio  feminei  tantum  noti.  Calyx  cupularis,  2-3  mm.  longus  et  iatus, 
basi  in  umbonem  cum  pedicello  articulatum  subito  truncato-attenuatus, 
glaber,  lobis  triangulari-ovatis  acutis.  Corolla  calyce  paullo  longior 
eique  aequilata,  late  campanulata  potius  quam  urceolata  (ub  in  descrip- 
tione  originali  speciei),  glabra,  lobis  triangularibus  acutis  leviter  recurvis. 
Stamina  minima,  sterilia,  circiter  1  mm.  longa,  subulata,  supra 
basin  dilatata,  minutissime  puberula,  antheris  minutissimis  ovoideis 
exappendiculatis.  Ovarium  subglobosum,  1—2  mm.  diametro,  dense 


2 


adpresse  albido-pilosum  ;  stylus  paullo  ultra  1  mm.  longus,  satvalidus, 
stigma  te  incrassato  subcapitato.  Capsula  depresso-globosa,  3-4  mm. 
diametro,  sparse  pilosa. 

China  :  Yunnan.  Without  locality,  July  1917,  Forrest  15785 ; 
Shweli-Salwin  divide,  25°  30'  N.,  2700-3000  m.,  July  1918,  Forrest 
17773 ;  amongst  scrub  and  rocks  in  side  valleys  on  the  N’Maikha- 
Salwin  divide,  26°  N.,  2400-2700  m.,  Nov.  1919,  Forrest  18832  (type) : — 
“  Shrub  of  2-4  ft.  Branches  arched.  In  fruit,  fruits  black.” 

This  variety  is  distinguishable  by  its  broader,  very  definitely  cordate 
leaves,  the  two  lateral  nerves  of  which  leave  the  midrib  at  the  extreme 
base  at  an  angle  of  80°-90°  and  follow  a  course  practically  parallel  to 
the  margin.  In  the  type  of  the  species  the  leaves  are  rounded-truncate 
to  broadly  cuneate  at  the  base  (though  very  slightly  cordate  in  Forrest 
9568),  and  the  nerves  diverge  from  the  midrib,  generally  distinctly 
above  the  base,  at  an  acute  angle  (40°-45°).  Though  inhabiting 
much  the  same  geographical  area  as  the  type,  the  variety  petanoneuron 
seems  to  favour  higher  altitudes  :  2400-3000  m.  as  against  1800-2100  m. 

The  anthers  of  G.  dumicola  were  originally  described  as  biaristate, 
but  in  none  of  the  material  examined,  either  of  the  typical  plant  or  of 
the  variety,  has  any  sign  of  appendages  been  observed ;  indeed,  in 
most  cases  the  stamens  consist  of  the  minute  filament  only.  Func¬ 
tionally  unisexual  flowers  are  of  course  known  in  other  species  of  the 
genus,  but  in  G.  dumicola  “  female  ”  flowers  seem  to  be  the  rule. 

H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 

Fig.  1,  portion  of  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  bract  and  bracteoles,  x  6  ; 
3,  corolla,  opened  out,  showing  abortive  stamens,  x  4  ;  4,  abortive  stamen,  x  30  ; 
5,  gynoccium  and  disk,  x  8;  6,  capsule  and  persistent  calyx,  x  4. 


Tabula  3207. 

GAULTHERIA  CODONANTHA  Airy-Shaw. 

Ericaceae.  Tribus  Gaultherieae. 

G.  codonantha  Airy-Shaw ;  species  nova  insignis,  G.  dumicolae 
W.  W.  8m.  affinis,  sed  corolla  latissime  campanulata  maxima,  ramis 
foliisque  saltern  subtus  hispido-pubescentibus  distinctissima. 

Dumus  magnus,  statura  ignota.  Hamuli  (partibus  superioribus 
tantum  notis)  modice  graciles,  subteretes,  1-2  vel  vix  3  mm.  diametro, 
le viter  anfractuosi,  sparse  vel  dense  subtiliter  vel  valde  patulo- 
ferrugineo-setosi,  internodiis  2-5  cm.  longis.  Folia  disticha,  latissime 
ovata  usque  elliptico-ovata  vel  lanceolata  (superiora  raro  fere  elliptica), 
6  cm.  longa  et  2*2  cm.  lata  usque  18  cm.  longa  et  15  cm.  lata,  basi 
leviter  cordata  usque  truncato-rotundata  (superiora  raro  cuneata), 
apice  acuminata,  acuta,  margine  levissime  revoluta  brevissime  dissite 
abrupt©  dentata,  dente  majore  cum  minore  saepe  alternante,  dentibus 
patentibus  sub  lente  obtusis  primum  setula  terminatis  demum  varie 
apiculatis,  chartaceo-coriacea,  pagina  superiore  siccitate  surde  griseo- 
viridia,  setulis  adpressis  1-1*5  mm.  longis  1-2  mm.  inter  se  distantibus 
vestita  vel  ima  basi  tantum  setularum  persistente  glabrescentia,  pagina 
inferiore  colore  laetiora,  setulis  ferrugineis  suberectis  quam  pagina 
superiore  densius  vestita ;  nervi  supra  (foliorum  superiorum  fere 
bullatim)  impressi,  infra  prominentes  et  dense  setulosi,  rete  fere  ut  in 
G.  dumicola  effornmntes ;  foliorum  latiorum  nervi  laterales  a  basi 
orti  utrinque  3,  duo  validiores  totum  folium  usque  ad  apicem  per- 
currentes,  tertius  tenuissimus,  margini  arete  approximatus,  juxta 
medium  evanidus ;  nervi  tertiarii  praecipui  inter  costam  et  nervos 
laterales  (et  inter  hos)  infoliis  latioribus  laxe  scalariformes,  subparalleli, 
circiter  1  cm.  distantes,  in  foliis  minoribus  adscendentes ;  petioli 
robusti,  2-6  mm.  longi,  plus  minus  dense  ferrugineo-setosi.  Inftores- 
centiae  axillares,  quaque  sub  folio  suo  subcelata,  brevissime  racemosae 
vel  corymbosae,  4r-7-florae,  basi  bracteis  paucis  parvis  sterilibus 
mstructae ;  rhachis  5-15  mm.  longa,  cum  bracteis  bracteolisque 
minutissime  cinereo-velutino-tomentella ;  bracteae  suffulcientes  late 
deltoideae  usque  ovato-triangulares,  usque  8  mm.  longae  et  5  mm. 
latae,  basi  incrassatae,  apice  breviter  acute  acuminatae,  margine 
minute  ciliolatae  et  sparse  denticulatae,  dorso  obtusiuscule  carina tae  ; 


2 


bracteolae  binae,  ima  basi  pedicelli  affixae,  suborbiculares,  3-4  mm.  ' 
longae,  4-5  mm.  latae,  valde  imbricatae,  apice  nonnunquam  ut  videtur 
breviter  irregularitcr  2-3-lobu latae,  late  membranaceo-marginatae, 
margine  ciliolato  et  paucidenticulato,  dorso  carinatae,  carina  in 
cuspidem  breviusculam  terminalem  excurrente ;  pedicelli  patuli, 
robusti,  usque  1-7  cm.  longi,  glaberrimi.  Calyx  sub  anthesin  breviter 
cupularis,  usque  1*3  cm.  diametro  (explanatus),  in  lobos  5  deltoideo- 
ovatos  3-4  mm.  longos  et  latos  acuminatos  apice  minutissime  cinereo- 
tomentellos  ceterum  glabros  margine  submembranaceos  paullo  ultra 
medium  divisus.  Corolla  in  genere  maxima,  siccitate  ei  Zenobiae 
persimilis,  alabastro  ovoideo-conica,  sub  anthesin  late  campanulata 
inde  a  basi  ampliata,  usque  1-8  cm.  longa  et  lata,  extra  et  intus  glaber- 
rima,  alabastro  (teste  Ward)  ochroleuca,  sub  anthesin  saepe  rubro- 
vittata  ;  lobi  late  deltoidei,  usque  8  mm.  lati  et  fere  aequilongi,  dorso 
leviter  carinati,  apice  incrassatuli  brevissime  recurvo-acuminati. 
Starninum  filamenta  subulata,  $-4  mm.  longa  (connectivo  incluso), 
valde  complanata,  basi  in  dilatationem  rhomboideo-orbicularem  1  mm. 
latam  subito  expansa,  sub  lente  minutissime  tomentella ;  antherae 
lanceolato-oblongae,  4-5  mm.  longae,  basi  rotundatae  1  mm.  latae, 
infra  medium  dorsifixae,  siccitate  laete  aurantiacae,  glabrae,  sub  lente 
minute  punctulatae  vel  areolatae,  thecis  superius  2  mm.  inter  se  liberis 
biaristatis  aristis  minute  asperulis  circiter  1-5  mm.  longis  fere  angulo 
recto  deflexis.  Ovarium  depresso-globosum,  5-  vel  nunc  6-loculare, 
circiter  2  mm.  longum,  5  mm.  diametro,  glabrum,  disco  obsoleto  ; 
stylus  columnaris,  usque  9  mm.  longus,  stigmate  truncato  vix  expan  so  ; 
ovula  numerosissima,  angulosa,  castanea,  per  totam  placentam  in 
quoque  loculo  densissime  conferta.  Capsula  non  visa. 

Assam.  Camp,  Chibaon,  Delei  valley,  28°  10'  N.,  96°  30'  E.,  in 
thickets  on  the  steep  slope  of  the  hill,  1500  m.,  6  Apr.  1928,  F.  Kingdont 
Ward  8024.  “  A  large  bushy  shrub.  Flowers  cream  in  bud,  banded 
with  red  (often)  when  fully  open ;  very  large.” 

An  investigation  into  the  relationships  of  the  two  species  of  Gaul - 
thena  figured  in  this  and  in  the  preceding  plate  has  shown  the  necessity 
for  considerable  readjustments  in  the  classification  of  the  Asiatic 
species  of  the  genus.  It  is  hoped  to  publish  elsewhere  a  paper  on  this 
subject.  Here  it  may  suffice  to  observe  that  the  two  species  now 
figured,  together  with  G.  notabilis  Anth.  from  Yunnan  and  an  un¬ 
described  species  from  Sumatra,  form  a  natural  group  which  it  is 
proposed  to  distinguish  as  follows  : — 

Series  Dumicolae  Airy-Shaw ,  ser.  nov.  Pedicelli  ima  basi  (raro 
paullo  supra  basin)  bibracteolati,  bracteolis  haud  connatis.  Folia 
infra  medium  latiora  (plus  minus  ovata).  Flores  in  racemis  brevibus 
corymbosis  dispositi.  Corolla  campanulata. — Typus :  G.  dumicola 

W.  W.  Sm.  . 

It  should  be  pointed  out  that  none  of  the  above  characters  (with 
the  possible  exception  of  the  inflorescence)  is  actually  confined  to 


3 


this  group.  In  combination,  however,  they  clearly  delimit  the  four 
constituent  species  from  the  remainder  of  the  genus. 

G .  codonaniha  is  readily  distinguishable  from  the  two  Yunnan  species 
by  the  very  large  size  of  the  flowers.  The  specimens  collected  by  Ward 
show  some  variation  in  indumentum  :  this  may  be  due  to  differences 
of  light-intensity  in  the  habitat.  G.  notabilis  Anth.  differs  from 
G.  dumicola  W.  W.  Sm.  in  its  dwarf  habit,  slender  branches,  sparse 
ferrugineous  indumentum,  small  leaves  and  few-flowered  inflorescences. 

H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 


Fig.  1,  portion  of  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  upper  surface  of  leaf,  showing 
indumentum,  x  2  ;  3,  bract  and  bracteoles,  x  4  ;  4,  corolla,  opened  out,  natural 
size  ;  5,  flower,  with  corolla  removed,  x  2  ;  6,  anther,  abaxial  view,  x  4 ;  7,  the 
same,  adaxial  view,  x  4 ;  8,  gvnoecium,  x  3. 


Tabula  3208. 

QUEENSLANDIELLA  HY ALINA  ( Vahl )  Ballard. 

Cyperaceae.  Tribus  Cypereae. 

Q.  hyalina  ( Vahl)  Ballard,  comb.  nov.  Cyperus  hyalinus  Vahl, 
Enum.  ii.  329  (1806).  C.  pumilus  Nees  in  Wight,  Contrib.  74  (1834), 
excl.  syn.,  non  L.  Pycreus  pumilus  Nees  in  Linnaea,  ix.  283  (1834), 
quoad  specim.,  excl.  syn.  Queenslandiella  mira  Domin  in  Bibl.  Bot. 
lxxxv.  416  (1915).  Pycreus  hyalinus  Domin,  l.c.  417  (1915).  Maris- 
copsis  suaveolens  Cherm.  in  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  Par.  xxv.  60  (1919). 
M.  hyalinus  Ballard  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  457. — Species  generis  unica. 

Planta  annua,  siccitate  Trigonellam  Foenum-graecum  intense  olens. 
Culmi  caespitosi,  erecti  vel  suberecti,  usque  40  cm.  alti,  basi  bulbosi! 
triquetri,  striati,  glabri.  Folia  numerosa,  basalia,  culmum  fere 
aequantia,  usque  6  mm.  lata,  flaccida,  glabra,  marginibus  et  costis 
plus  minusve  scabra.  Bracteae  involucrales  4r-6,  valde  inaequales, 
usque  20  cm.  longae,  foliis  similes,  suberectae  vel  patulae.  Anthela 
simplex,  4-8-radiata ;  radii  paullum  inaequales,  patuli,  usque  12  cm. 
long1,  graciles.  Spicae  8-18  mm.  longae,  7-17  mm.  latae,  8-15-spicu- 
latae.  Spiculae  valde  laxae,  patulae,  ovatae  vel  ovato-ellipticae, 
valde  compressae,  4-9  mm.  longae,  1  '5-2-5  mm.  latae,  3-9-florae; 
rhachilla  late  alata,  supra  squamas  steriles  articulata.  Squamae 
steriles  2,  usque  1-5  mm.  longae,  persistentes.  Squamae  fertUes  imbri- 
catae,  2 -5-3 -5  mm.  longae,  ambitu  lanceolato-ovatae  vel  late  ovatae, 
valde  carinatae,  lateribus  laete  luteis  vel  luteo-viridibus,  prominenter 
3  4-nervatis,  marginibus  scariosis.  Stamina  2;  antherae  acutae. 
Stylus  profunde  bifidus,  ramis  elongatis  exsertis.  Nux  dimidium 
squamae  aequans  vel  paullo  superans,  asymmetrica,  suborbicularis 
vel  rotundo-quadrata,  apice  rotundato-truncata  et  leviter  eraarginata, 
compre8sa,  biconvexa,  angulis  obtusis,  dense  et  subtiiiter  punctulata, 
brunnea. 

India.  Bombay  Presidency  :  Bombay,  Sion  suburb,  Woodrow  (fide 
Clarke) ;  without  locality,  Leith  25  ;  T.  Cooke  25  (fide  Clarke).  Madras 
Presidency  :  Chingleput  District,  Nungambakam,  Jan.  1900,  ex  Herb. 
Madras ;  Coimbatore  District,  Satiamangalam,  March  1902,  A.  W. 
Lushirujton ;  Palni  Hills,  Shembaganur,  1800  m.,  L.  Anglade  1097B. 


2 


Laccadive  Islands,  Prain  (fide  Clarke).  Without  precise  locality, 
Wight  1808,  2864  pro  parte  ;  Herb.  Rottler  ;  Wallich  3336c,  pro  parte., 

Ceylon.  Anuradhapura,  Dec.  1881,  Trimen. 

Mascarene  Islands.  Mauritius  :  near  Mare  Samson,  growing  in 
sand  by  track  leading  to  Pt.  aux  Sables,  sea  level,  April  1926,  R.  E- 
Vaughan  B.  46  ;  and  June  1930,  R.  E.  Vaughan  B.  46a.  Madagascar  : 
damp  meadows  to  the  north  of  the  Island,  Bernier  33  (fide  Clarke  et 
Chermezon). 

Tropical  Africa.  Zanzibar,  Last ,  Botvin  (fide  Chermezon)  A 
Mozambique:  sandy  flat,  April  1921,  Dummer  4639;  0.  Kuntze  303 
(fide  Clarke) ;  Prelado  5  (fide  Clarke).  Tanganyika  Territory:  Dar-i 
es-Salaam,  Holst  300  (fide  Clarke). 

Malay  Islands.  Dutch  Borneo,  Motley  (fide  Merrill).  Java:  in  I 
the  flat  country  around  Batavia,  Backer  (fide  Koorders).  Timor:! 
Coepang,  1803,  R.  Brown;  Soe,  1929,  M.  E.  Walsh  168a;  without] 
locality,  Forbes  (fide  Clarke ). 

Australia.  North  Queensland  :  Chillagoe,  short  grassy  track  on] 
chalk,  Feb.  1910,  Domin  (fide  Domin). 

Under  the  name  Mariscopsis  hyalinus  the  present  plant  formed  the  I 
subject  of  an  article  by  the  writer  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  456.  At  that] 
time,  however,  Domin’s  genus  Queenslandiella  had  not  been  studied! 
nor,  indeed,  could  it  have  been  surmised  that  a  new  genus  of  Australian] 
Cyperaceae  was  identical  with  a  long-established  Indian  species.] 
Unfortunately,  it  has  not  been  found  possible  to  obtain  on  loan  the  type] 
of  Queenslandiella  mira  from  Dr.  Domin’s  herbarium  at  Prague,  and] 
no  authenticated  specimen  of  Queenslandiella  exists  in  the  Kew  Her-1 
barium.  There  can,  however,  be  no  doubt,  from  the  drawing  repro-l 
duced  in  Bibliotheca  Botanica  and  the  very  full  description  thereinj 
that  Domin’s  plant  is  identical  with  Mariscopsis  hyalinus. 

The  extension  of  the  distribution  of  Queenslandiella  to  North  Queens'] 
land  is  not  surprising  since  it  had  already  been  recorded  from  Timor, 
while  distributions  similar  to  that  of  Queenslandiella  are  already  known 
for  certain  grasses.  Mr.  C.  E.  Hubbard,  who  collected  in  Queensland  1 
during  1930-1931,  found  that  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Chillagoe,  the  | 
type  locality  of  Queenslandiella ,  many  species  of  grasses  occur,  of  which 
the  following  have  the  same  distribution  as  Queenslandiella  :  Alloter  I 
op  sis  cimicina  (Retz.)  Stapf  (Axonopus  Maidenianus  Domin) ;  ErCr 
grostis  pilosa  Beauv. ;  Imperata  cylindrica  Beauv.  var.  Koenigii  Dur*  | 
&  Schinz ;  Eriochloa  procera  (Retz.)  C.  E.  Hubbard.  Of  these* 
Eragrostis  pilosa  has  been  introduced  to  Chillagoe,  but  the  others  are 
probably  native.  f 

The  introduction  of  an  annual  weed  such  as  Queenslandiella  is  easily 
understandable  when  it  is  remembered  that  Chillagoe  is  a  mining  district  | 
where  great  quantities  of  materials  of  all  kinds  must  have  been  imported 
in  the  past.  C.  E.  Hubbard,  when  he  visited  the  area  twenty  ye*** 
after  Domin’s  discovery,  was  unable  to  find  a  single  plant,  although 
he  made  a  special  search  for  it. 


3 


The  systematic  position  of  the  genus  has  been  discussed  in  Kew 
Bull.  1932,  457.  There  seems  little  doubt  that  it  comes  nearest  to 
Kyllinga ,  which  agrees  in  possessing  a  biconvex  nut  and  a  spikelet 
which  disarticulates  in  one  piece  at  maturity. 

In  accordance  with  the  rule  of  priority,  the  genus  must  bear  the  name 
Queenslandiella  in  place  of  Mariscopsis  Chermezon.  This  is  somewhat 
unfortunate,  since  the  plant  is  undoubtedly  Indian  in  origin. 

As  mentioned  in  the  previous  paper,  the  plant  possesses  the  strong 
and  characteristic  odour  of  Trigonella  Foenum-graecum.  The  same 
smell  occurs  also  in  Cyperus  aristatus  Rottb.,  another  annual  member 
of  the  Cyperaceae  found  in  India. — F.  Ballard. 

Fig.  1,  entire  plant,  x  0*5;  2,  a  flowering  culm,  natural  size  ;  3,  portion  of 
rhachis  with  persistent  sterile  squamae,  x  10  ;  4,  young  floret,  lateral  view,  x  6  ; 
5,  flower,  x  10  ;  6,  mature  disarticulated  spikelet,  lateral  view,  x  6;  7,  the  same*, 
abaxial  view,  x  6 ;  8,  empty  fertile  squama  showing  inner  surface,  x  6 ; 

9a  and  b,  ripe  nut,  lateral  and  median  views,  x  10  ;  9c,  transverse  section,  x  10. 


32  09 


Tabula  3209. 

CLEISTOCHLOA  SUBJUNCEA  C.  E .  Hubbard . 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Paniceae. 

Cleistochloa  C.  E.  Hubbard.  Genus  novum  Entolasiae  Stapf  affine, 
sed  spiculis  cleistogamis  in  axillis  vaginarum  plurimarum  et  spiculis 
chasmogamis  in  rhachi  racemi  simplicis  ortis,  gluma  superiore  emar- 
ginata  vel  truncata  vel  obtusa,  lemmate  superiore  fere  glabro  divergens. 

Spiculae  dimorphae,  chasmogamae  in  rbachi  gracili  subtriquetra 
vel  leviter  compressa  racemi  spiciformis  simplicis  terminalis,  cleisto- 
gamae  abunde  in  axillis  vaginarum  ortae,  omnes  dorso  compressae, 
muticae,  demum  totae  a  pedicellis  persistentibus  disarticulatae. 
Anthoecia  duo  :  inferum  ad  lemma  redactum  ;  superum  Spiculae 
cbasmogamae  brevissime  pedicellatae,  alternae,  distichae,  adaxiales. 
Glumae  valde  inaequales  ;  inferior  minuta,  lata,  membranacea,  enervis  ; 
superior  spiculae  aequilonga  vel  paullo  brevior,  5-7-nervis,  nervis 
parallelis,  firme  membranacea.  Anthoedum  inferum  :  lemma  spiculae 
aequilongum  vel  paullo  brevius,  7-nerve,  firme  membranaceum. 
Anthoedum  superum  :  lemma  spiculae  aequilongum  vel  paullo  brevius, 
5-7 -nerve,  tenuiter  coriaceum,  papillosum,  apice  et  plerumque  margini- 
bus  tenuibus  planis  ciliolatum ;  palea  lemmati  aequilonga,  2-nervis. 
Lodiculae  duao.  Stamina  tria.  Ovarium  glabrum ;  styli  distincti ; 
stigmata  plumosa,  supra  medium  anthoecii  exserta.  Caryopsis  ignota. 
Spiculae  deistogamae  solitariae,  breviter  pedicellatae,  abaxiales,  fere 
glabrae.  Glumae  valde  inaequales ;  inferior  ad  marginem  latam 
brevissimam  tenuem  enervem  redacta ;  superior  spicula  paullo  brevior, 
conspicue  4-7-nervis,  nervis  parallelis,  firme  membranacea  vel  tenuiter 
coriacea.  Anthoedum  inferum :  lemma  spiculae  subaequilongum  et 
figura  simile,  incrassatum,  obscure  5-nerve,  apice  breviter  rostellatum 
et  depressum,  dorso  primum  convexum,  siccitate  dorso  cicatriciformi, 
cartilagineum,  obtuse  bicarinatum,  inter  carinas  depressum  et  medio 
leviter  convexum  vel  inter  nervum  medium  plerumque  prominentem 
et  carinas  depressum,  marginibus  arete  inflexis.  Anthoedum  superum  : 
lemma  spiculae  aequilongum,  obscure  5— 9-nerve,  tenuiter  coriaceum, 
papillosum,  apice  et  plerumque  marginibus  tenuibus  planis  ciliolatum  ; 
palea  lemmati  subacquilonga,  2-nervis,  tenuiter  coriacea.  Lodiculae 
duae.  Antherae  minutae.  Caryopsis  ovoidea,  dorso  compressa,  inter 


2 


lemma  et  paleam  arete  inclusa,  scutellum  circiter  tertiam  partem 
caryopsis  aequans  ;  hilum  basale. — Gramina  perennia  ramosissima  ; 
innovationes  plerumque  intravaginales  ;  culmi  rigidi  et  duri,  gracillimi ; 
laminae  breves,  rigidae  ;  ligulae  ad  seriem  ciliorum  redactae  ;  racemi 
laxe  pauci-spiculati,  erecti. 

Species  duae,  Queenslandiae  incolae.  Typus:  C.  subjuncea  C.  E. 
Hubbard. 

Spiculae  chasmogamae  fere  glabrae  ;  gluma  superior  et  lemma  inferius 

emarginata  vel  truncata . 1 .  C.  subjuncea. 

Spiculae  chasmogamae  dense  et  breviter  pubescentes  ;  gluma  superior 

et  lemma  inferius  obtusa . 2.  C.  Scleraehne . 

1.  Cleistochloa  subjuncea  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  nora.  nov.  (t.  3209). 
Panicum  subjunceum  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85,  314,  fig.  70 
(1915),  non  Ekman  (1911).  Entolasia  subjuncea  C.  E.  Hubbard  in 
Journ.  Ecol.  xxi.  223  (1933),  nomen  tantum. 

Culmi  30-60  cm.  alti,  basi  cataphyllis  coriaceis  glabris  vel  minute 
hirsutis  obtecti,  laxe  vel  dense  caespitosi,  erecti  vel  plerumque  geniculati, 
teretes,  multinodes,  e  nodis  plurimis  ramosi,  ramis  solitariis  vel  fasci- 
culatis  erectis  vel  plerumque  patentibus,  virides,  striati,  pilis  rigidis 
brevibus  ascendcntibus  e  tuberculis  ortis  dense  vel  laxe  hispidi  vel 
glabri,  scaberuli  vel  raro  fere  laeves.  Foliorum  vaginae  internodiis 
plerumque  multo  breviores,  0*5-3 -5  cm.  longae,  teretes,  striatae, 
primum  virides  et  arete  appressae,  demum  stramineae  laxae  et  culmos 
detegentes,  pilis  albis  ascendentibus  vel  patentibus  saepe  e  tuberculis 
ortis  laxe  vel  dense  hirsutae  vel  glabrae  ;  ligulae  ad  seriem  ciliorum 
brevium  redactae  ;  laminae  lineares  vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  in  apicein 
obtusum  subcallosum  attenuatae,  1-5  cm.  longae,  1-2*8  mm.  latae, 
planae  vel  plerumque  convolutae,  demum  e  vagina  disarticulantes, 
virides,  pilis  rigidis  brevibus  e  tuberculis  ortis  laxe  hispidae,  nonnun- 
quam  subtus  puberulae  vel  glabrescentes,  inarginibus  scaberulis  car- 
tilagineis.  Racemi  graciles,  stricti,  0*7-2  *5  cm.  longi,  2-6-spiculati, 
virides;  rhachis  subtriquetra,  scaberula ;  pedicelli  0*25-0*5  mm. 
longi,  puberuli,  apice  subdiscoidei.  Spiculae  chasmogamae  erectae, 
laxae,  lanceolato-  vel  anguste  elliptico-oblongae  vel  oblongae,  sub- 
acutae  vel  obtusae,  3  *5-4  *5  mm.  longae,  fere  glabrae.  Gluma  inferior 
oblata,  emarginata  vel  truncata,  0*3-0 *7  mm.  longa  ;  gluma  superior 
(explanata)  oblonga  vel  elliptico-oblonga,  emarginata  vel  truncata, 
3-3*8  mm.  longa,  5-nervis,  asperula,  apice  ciliolata.  Anthoeciuifl 
inferum ;  lemma  (explanatum)  ellipticum  vel  elliptico-oblonguni, 
emarginatum,  3*5-4  mm.  longum,  asperulum,  apice  et  plerumque 
marginibus  apicem  versus  ciliolatum.  Anthoecium  superum  ellipticum, 
subacuminatum,  apice  obtusum  :  lemma  spiculae  aequilongum,  late 
ellipticum  (explanatum),  obtusum,  5-7-nerve  ;  palea  elliptico-lanceo- 
lata,  subacuminata,  apice  et  plerumque  marginibus  ciliolata.  Anther** 
lineares,  circiter  2*5  mm.  longae.  Spiculae  cleistogamae  ovatae. 


3 


oblongae,  vel  elliptico-oblongae,  obtusae,  plerumque  apiculatae,  4-6  mm. 
longae  ;  pedicelli  1*5-2  mm.  longi,  puberuli,  apice  discoidei.  Gluma 
inferior  usque  ad  0*3  mm.  longa  ;  gluma  superior  (explanata)  oblonga 
vel  ovato-oblonga,  truncata,  3-4*5  mm.  longa,  4^6-nervis,  apice  glabra 
vel  ciliolata.  Anthoecium  inferum  :  lemma  dorso  inter  Carinas  primum 
fiavido-fuscum,  demum  atrofuscum.  Anthoedum  superum  anguste 
ellipticum  vel  lanceolato-ellipticum,  subacuminatum,  apice  obtusum  : 
lemma  5-7-nerve,  marginibus  ciliolatum  ;  palea  supra  medium  margini- 
bus  ciliolata.  Antherae  0  •  5-1  mm.  longae.  Caryopsis  circiter  2  •  8  mm. 
longa. 

Queensland.  North  Kennedy  District :  near  Gregory  Springs 
Station,  abundant  on  sandstone  slopes  of  the  Great  Dividing  Range, 
in  open  Eucalyptus  forest,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7702 ;  on 
sandy  slopes  of  the  Great  Dividing  Range  near  Pentland,  Feb.  1910, 
Domin  (type) ;  Warrigal,  on  Great  Dividing  Range,  420-450  m.,  in 
Acacia  forest,  on  rocky  conglomerate  slopes,  very  common,  Feb.  1931, 
Hubbard  and  Winders  7128.  Burke  District :  Mt.  Sturgeon  Station, 
north  of  Hughenden,  on  quartzite  hill  slopes,  in  Eucalyptus  forest, 
Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7746.  Mitchell  District:  east  of 
Jericho,  on  Great  Dividing  Range,  410  m.,  abundant  in  Acacia  forest, 
on  hard  brown  sandy  soil,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  7853.  Leichhardt 
District :  Bluff,  on  rocky  hill  in  Eucalyptus  forest,  210  m.,  Feb.  1931, 
Hubbard  7991.  Burnett  District:  Mundubbera,  1930,  Bloxsome  94. 
Darling  Downs  District :  near  Gurulmundi,  on  Great  Dividing  Range, 
on  stony  soil  in  open  Eucalyptus  forest,  360  m.,  Nov.  1930,  Hubbard 
5058.  Moreton  District:  Blackheath,  near  Ipswich,  April  1908, 
White ;  near  Moggill,  on  stony  sandstone  hills,  180  m.,  in  open  Eucalyptus 
forest,  Nov.  1930,  Hubbard  4904;  April  1931,  White  7598,  Hubbard 
8108. 

2.  Cleistochloa  Sclerachne  (F.  M.  Bailey)  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  comb.  nov. 
Chionachne  Sclerachne  F.  M.  Bailey  in  Queensl.  Dept.  Agric.  Bull.  no.  7 
(Bot.  Bull.  no.  2),  21  (1891).  Polytoca  Sclerachne  F.  M.  Bailey,  Queensl. 
FI.  vi.  1849  (1902) ;  Compr.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  616  (1913).  Panicum 
marginatum  var.  strictum  F.  M.  Bailey  in  Queensl.  Agric.  Journ. 
xxvii.  69  (1911),  non  Benth. 

Culmi  usque  ad  70  cm.  alti,  basi  cataphyllis  coriaceis  brevibus  glabris 
vel  plus  minusve  pubescentibus  obtecti,  erecti  vel  geniculati,  teretes, 
multinodes,  multiramosi,  virides,  glabri  laevesque.  Foliorum  vaginae 
lntcrnodiis  multo  breviores,  1-4  cm.  longae,  demum  laxae  et  culmos 
detegentes,  teretes,  latae,  striatae,  glabrae  laevesque  vel  pilis  patentibus 
e  tuberculis  ortis  laxe  hirsutae  ;  ligulae  ad  seriem  ciliorum  minutorum 
redactae  ;  laminae  lineares,  in  apicem  callosum  attenuatae,  1  •  5-9  •  5  cm. 
longae,  1-4 •  5  mm.  latae,  planae  vel  convolutae,  e  vaginis  disarticulantes, 
obscure  puberulao  vel  glabrae,  laeves  vel  marginibus  cartilagineis 
plerumque  minute  scaberulae.  Racemi  graciles,  stricti,  1-2*5  cm. 


4 


longi,  3-6-spiculati ;  rhachis  leviter  compressa,  scaberula  ;  pcdicelli 
usque  ad  0*3  ram.  longi,  minute  puberuli.  Spiculae  chasmogamae 
anguste  elliptico-oblongae,  obtusae,  4-4*5  mm.  longae,  pubescentes. 
Gluma  inferior  ovata  vel  ovato-oblonga,  obtusa,  1-2  mm.  longa  ; 
gluma  superior  (explanata)  ovato-elliptica  vel  elliptico-oblonga,  obtusa, 
spiculae  aequilonga,  minute  tuberculata,  dense  et  bre viter  pubescens, 
5-7-nervis.  Anthoecium  inferum  :  lemma  glumae  superiori  simile  sed 
ellipticum  et  7-nerve.  Anthoecium  superum  oblongum  vel  ellipticum, 
acuminatum  :  lemma  (explanatum)  late  ellipticum,  3*5  mm.  longum, 
marginibus  ciliolatis  ;  palea  anguste  elliptica,  supra  medium  marginibus 
ciliolata.  Spiculae  cleistogamae  ovato-oblongae  vel  oblongae,  5-7  mm. 
longae ;  pedicelli  usque  ad  1*5  mm.  longi.  Gluma  inferior  0*3  mm. 
longa  ;  gluma  superior  (explanata)  ovato-oblonga,  obtusa,  5-6  mm. 
longa,  5-7-nervis.  Anthoecium  inferum  :  lemma  demum  stramineum. 
Anthoecium  superum  ellipticum,  acuminatum  :  lemma  5-9-nerve,  apice 
ciliolatum.  Antherae  1  mm.  longae. 

Queensland.  Cook  District :  Badu  Island,  May  1911,  Bick  96  ; 
Lloyd  Bay,  April  1886,  Gulliver  (type). 

There  is  no  doubt  that  Cleistochloa  is  most  closely  allied  to  Entolasia 
Stapf,  a  genus  originally  described  from  tropical  Africa  and  to  which 
Miss  D.  K.  Hughes  added  two  Australian  species,  E.  marginata  (R.  Br.) 
Hughes  and  E .  slricta  (R.  Br.)  Hughes.  Some  Australian  species  of 
Entolasia  are  very  similar  in  habit  to  Cleistochloa  suhjuncea ,  and  in 
southern  localities  are  found  growing  with  it.  No  cleistogamous 
spikelets,  however,  have  been  found  by  me  in  any  species  of 
Entolasia. 

Cleistochloa  suhjuncea  probably  occurs  throughout  the  greater  part 
of  the  Dividing  Range,  the  adjacent  ranges  and  their  offshoots  in 
Queensland.  It  is  usually  abundant  in  dry  localities  amongst  sand¬ 
stone  or  similar  rocks  and  stones  on  the  upper  slopes  or  summits.  In 
such  situations  the  vegetation  is  open  Eucalyptus  forest  with  an  under¬ 
growth  of  scattered  shrubs  and  isolated  tufts  of  xeromorphic  species 
of  Entolasia ,  Aristida ,  Eragrostis ,  Eriachne ,  etc.  It  is  well  adapted  to 
withstand  the  periods  of  drought  which  occur  in  the  area  of  its  dis¬ 
tribution.  The  thick  wiry  roots,  which  penetrate  deeply  into  the  soil 
or  rock-crevices,  are  covered  with  a  layer  of  dense  root-hairs ;  these 
together  with  adhering  particles  of  sand  provide  a  protective  sheath. 
The  small  leaf-blades  readily  disarticulate  from  the  sheaths,  and  their 
work  is  apparently  carried  on  by  the  dark  green  culms.  Individual 
plants  present  a  characteristic  bushy  appearance  due  to  the  much' 
branched  rigid  wiry  culms. 

The  cleistogamous  spikelets  are  abundantly  produced  in  the  axils 
of  almost  all  the  leaf-sheaths,  and  at  maturity  largo  numbers  may  be 
seen  on  the  ground  beneath  the  plants.  They  are  not,  however, 
usually  developed  in  the  axil  of  the  terminal  leaf-sheath  immediately 
below  the  inflorescence,  but  a  rudimentary  pedicel  has  been  found 


5 


there  in  the  specimens  examined.  In  the  type  specimen  of  Panicum 
subjunceum,  kindly  lent  by  Dr.  Domin  for  examination,  the  cleisto- 
gamous  spikelets  have  already  fallen,  but  their  pedicels  are  visible. 
Several  special  features  are  found  in  the  cleistogamous  spikelet.  The 
lower  gluma  is  reduced  to  an  obscure  rim  at  the  base  of  the  spikelet 
The  sterile  lemma  in  the  fresh  condition  is  rather  thick  with  a  smooth 
convex  back.  At  maturity  it  hardens,  the  soft  tissues  become  depressed 
leaving  a  more  or  less  prominent  midrib,  two  keels  and  an  apical  dorsal 
projection.  A  scar-like  dorsal  surface  is  thus  produced  which  changes 
in  colour  from  yellow  to  brown  on  maturity.  This  indurated  sterile 
lemma  closely  embraces  the  fertile  floret  and  serves  to  protect  the  grain 
In  the  mature  fertile  floret  the  minute  anthers  are  found  entangled 
with  the  stigmatic  hairs  at  the  apex  of  the  caryopsis,  the  whole  being 
enclosed  by  the  lemma  and  palea.  As  the  cleistogamous  spikelet 
develops  it  pushes  out  the  leaf-sheath  and  causes  the  culm  to  assume 
a  slightly  bowed  appearance,  thus  permitting  the  spikelet  to  fall  to  the 
ground  at  maturity. 

In  Cleistochloa  subjuncea  the  cleistogamous  spikelets  are  probably 
produced  more  or  less  continuously  (except  under  very  unfavourable 
conditions),  and  form  the  normal  method  of  reproduction  When  * 
however,  there  is  a  sufficient  supply  of  water  such  as  is  received  durins 
the  summer  rains,  then  the  chasmogamous  terminal  inflorescences  are 
freely  formed.  In  the  chasmogamous  spikelets  examined  no  grains 
have  been  found,  but  it  is  very  probable  that  they  may  be  produced 
as  a  well-developed  ovary  is  present.  P  ’ 

Cleistochloa  Sclerachne  was  originally  described  as  a  species  of 
Chionachne  by  F.  M.  Bailey  from  material  collected  by  Gulliver  at 
Lloyd  Bay.  The  type  specimen  in  the  Brisbane  Herbarium  consists 
oi  a  tew  small  pieces  of  culm  and  some  cleistogamous  spikelets  This 
material  proved  insufficient  to  give  Bailey  a  clear  idea  of  the  species 
Later  he  transferred  it  to  the  genus  Polytoca.  Both  Chionachne  and 
lolytoca  belong  to  the  tribe  Maydeae  and  are  readily  distinguished  by 
their  unisexual  spikelets  of  quite  a  different  structure.  Still  later 
Bailey  referred  complete  plants  of  this  species  collected  by  Bick  on 
■uadu  Island  to  Panicum  marginatum  var.  slrictum  Benth.  (=  Enlolasia 
I  ric.[a  Hu8^es),  failing  to  connect  them  with  his  Chionachne  Sclerachne. 
n  lek  s  specimens  both  chasmogamous  and  cleistogamous  spikelets 
are  represented,  the  latter  agreeing  with  those  from  Gulliver’s  plant. 

e  .amended  description  given  above  is  mainly  drawn  up  from  Bick’s 
specimens.  According  to  Bailey  (Compr.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  616),  this 
species  is  a  troublesome  spear  grass  at  Somerset,  Cape  York,  but 

iere  are  no  specimens  from  this  locality  in  the  Brisbane  Herbarium. 

‘  1  *n  Meded*  Riiks  Herb.,  Leiden,  No.  67,  17  (1931),  has 

ic  entitled  with  Chionachne  Sclerachne  Bailey  a  specimen  collected  at 
oturts  Creek  in  North-West  Australia  by  Mueller.  This,  however, 
represents  a  new  species  of  Chionachne. 

In  describing  certain  American  cleistogamous  grasses,  Mrs.  Chase 
states  that  most  of  the  species  so  far  found  are  plants  of  arid  regions 


6 


or  of  dry  places  in  humid  regions.  This  is  the  case  with  all  the  cleisto- 
gamous  grasses  which  have  been  observed  in  Australia.  A  somewhat 
similar  type  of  cleistogamous  spikelet  to  that  described  above  is  pro¬ 
duced  in  the  axils  of  the  leaf -sheaths  of  Microlaena  polynoda  Hook,  f . 

C.  E.  Hubbard. 


Addendum. 

The  following  additional  material  of  Cleistochloa  subjuncea  was 
received  from  Mr.  C.  T.  White  after  the  preceding  text  was  in  type 

Mitchell  District :  Torrens  Creek  ;  on  rocky  sandstone  hills,  March 
1933,  White  8749,  8754.  These  specimens  show  slight  differences  in 
the  size  and  shapes  of  various  parts,  of  which  details  are  given  here 
to  supplement  the  specific  description  : — Foliorum  laminae  usque  ad 
7  cm.  longae  et  3*5  mm.  latae.  Racemi  usque  ad  5  cm.  longi.  Spiculae 
chasmogamae  3-4-5  mm.  longae,  gluma  inferiore  nonnumquam  nulla 
vel  minutissima.  Spiculae  cleistogarnae  late  oblongo-ellipticae,  usque 
ad  7  mm.  longae  et  3-8  mm.  latae. — C.  E.  H. 


Cleistochloa  subjuncea. 

Fio.  1,  an  entire  plant,  showing  habit,  x  2,  portion  of  plant,  the  minute 
pilosity  omitted,  natural  size ;  3,  terminal  raceme,  x  3 ;  4,  leaf  and  portion  of 
culm,  showing  cleistogamous  spikelet  in  situ,  x  3 ;  5,  chasmogamous  spikelet, 
ventral  view,  x  8  ;  6,  chasmogamous  spikelet,  dorsal  view,  x  8  ;  7-14,  details 
of  chasmogamous  spikelet: —  7,  lower  glume,  x  8  ;  8,  upper  glume,  x  8  ;  9,  lower 
lemma,  x  8;  10,  upper  lemma,  x  8;  11,  upper  lemma  (flattened),  x  8;  12,  palea, 
x  8  ;  13,  flower,  x  8  ;  14,  diagram  of  chasmogamous  spikelet ;  15,  cloistoga- 
mous  spikelet,  dorsal  view,  x  8;  16,  cleistogamous  spikelet,  ventral  view,  x  8 ; 
17,  cleistogamous  spikelet,  lateral  view,  x  8 ;  18-24,  details  of  cleistogamous 
spikelet : —  18,  lower  glume,  x  8 ,-  19,  upper  glume,  x  8  ;  20,  transverse  section 
of  sterile  lemma  in  fresh  condition,  x  8 ;  21,  upper  floret,  x  8  ;  22,  flower,  x  8 ; 
23,  caryopsis,  x  15 ;  24,  diagram  of  cleistogamous  spikelet  enclosed  by  leaf- 
sheath. 


_ 


3210 


Tabula  3210. 

CALYPTOCHLOA  GRACILLIMA  C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Paniceae. 

Calyptochloa  C.  E.  Hubbard.  Genus  novum  e  tribu  Panicearum , 
ceterum  sedis  dubiae  ;  distinguitur  spiculis  dimorphis,  aliis  adaxialibus 
in  rhachi  racemi  spiciformis  solitarii,  aliis  solitariis  in  axillis  vaginarum 
superiorum,  gluma  inferiore  minutissima  vel  nulla,  anthoecio  infero 
ad  lemma  redacto,  lemmate  anthoecii  inferi  cuspidato  vel  breviter 
aristato  demum  tenuiter  coriaceo  marginibus  planis. 

Spieulae  dimorphae,  chasmogamae  vel  cleistogamae  in  rhachi 
gracillima  subangulata  racemi  spiciformis  simplicis  terminalis  et 
cleistogamae  singulae  plerumque  in  axillis  vaginarum  superiorum  ortae 
Anthoecia  duo  :  inferum  ad  lemma  redactum  ;  superum  Spieulae 
racemorum  solitariae,  brevissime  pedicellatae,  adaxiales,  demum  totae 
a  pedicellis  persistentibus  disarticulatae,  ovatae  vel  ovato-ellipticae 
demum  hiantes,  cuspidatae  vel  breviter  aristatae.  Glumae  valde 
inaequales ;  inferior  brevissima,  hyalina,  minute  pilosa;  superior 
(explanata)  late  ovata  vel  late  elliptica,  obtusa,  spieulae  subaequilonga, 
apice  tenui  excepto  firme  herbaceo-membranacea,  7-nervis,  infra 
medium  pilis  albis  appressis  vel  paullo  patentibus  e  tuberculis  ortis 
dense  pilosa.  Anthoecimn  inferum  :  lemma  glumae  superiori  simile 
sed  (explanatum)  ovato-oblongum  et  5-6-nerve.  Anthoecium  superum 
anguste  ellipticum  :  lemma  (explanatum)  oblongo-  vel  ovato-ellipticum, 
apice  cuspidatum  vel  breviter  aristatum,  spieulae  aequilongum,  demum 
tenuiter  coriaceum,  5-nerve,  glabrum ;  palea  elliptica,  marginibus 
m  cxis  acuta,  lemmate  paullo  brevior,  demum  tenuiter  coriacea, 
nervis  ,  lodiculae  minutae  ;  stamina  tria  ;  antherae  parvae  ;  ovarium 
g  abrum  ;  styli  distincti,  breves,  terminales ;  stigmata  plumosa ; 
caryopsis  anguste  subovoidea  vel  ellipsoidea.  Spieulae  axillares  sub- 
p?fS1  • j8  80^tariae  in  vagina  folii  arete  inclusae,  adaxiales,  lanceolatae, 
spi  a  ae  vel  breviter  aristatae,  fere  glabrae.  Gluma  inferior  nulla  ; 
8  Perior  oblata  vel  lanceolata,  obtusa  vel  emarginata,  minutissima  vel 
usque  ad  medium  spieulae  attinens,  raro  deficiens,  hyalina  vel  mem- 
oranacea,  enervis  vel  raro  uninervis.  Anthoecium  inferum  :  lemma 
anguste  oblongum  vel  lanceolato-oblongum,  obtusum  vel  truncatum, 
spicula  paullo  brevius,  dorso  complanatum  vel  bicarinatum  et  inter 


2 


Carinas  subsulcatum,  chartaceum,  3-5-nerve.  Anthoecium  superum 
lanceolatum :  lemma  lanceolatum,  apice  cuspidatum  vel  breviter 
aristatum,  spiculae  aequilongum,  tenuiter  coriaceum,  5-nerve, 
marginibus  planis ;  palea  oblongo-elliptica,  acuta,  lemmate  paullo 
brevior,  bicarinata  et  inter  Carinas  sulcata,  4— 6-nervis,  nervis  lateralibus 
anastomosantibus,  tenuiter  coriacea  ;  lodiculae  nullae  ;  stamina  tria  ; 
antherae  minutae,  inter  plumas  stigmaticas  implicatae ;  caryopsis 
subovoidea,  leviter  lateraliter  compressa,  facie  paullo  sulcata,  inter 
lemma  et  paleam  arete  inclusa,  hilo  basali,  scutello  circiter  tertiam 
partem  caryopsis  aequante. — Gramen  perenne,  ramosum,  gracillimum, 
humile ;  culmi  multinodes,  infra  nodos  superiores  tandem  plerumque 
disarticulantes ;  foliorum  vaginae  infeme  dilatatae  et  incrassatae ; 
ligulae  ad  seriem  ciliorum  brevissimorum  redactae  ;  laminae  lanceo- 
latae  vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  planae,  demum  disarticulantes ;  racemi 
solitarii,  graciles,  laxe  pauci-spiculati ;  spiculae  parvae. 

Species  unica,  Queenslandiae  incola. 

C.  gracillima  0.  E.  Hubbard ,  species  nova. 

Culmi  e  basi  prostrata  geniculato-ascendentes,  e  nodis  inferioribus 
radicantes,  usque  ad  30  cm.  longi,  gracillimi  vel  filiformes,  teretes,  1 
rigidiusculi,  flexuosi,  laxe  ramosi,  ramis  solitariis  vel  fasciculatis,  j 
internodiis  usque  ad  4  cm.  longis,  tenuiter  striati,  minute  scaberuli,  I 
pilis  mollibus  appressis  vel  patentibus  laxe  vel  dense  pilosi  vel  j 
glabrescentes.  Foliorum  vaginae  demum  internodiis  breviores,  arete  j 
appressae,  0*7-1  *6  cm.  longae,  striatae,  inter  costas  pilis  rigidiusculi^ 
vel  mollibus  e  tuberculis  ortis  hirsutae,  marginibus  molliter  ciliatis, 
inferiores  teretes,  superiores  inferne  durae  et  flavescentes,  superne 
attenuatae  tenuiores  et  glauco-virides  ;  laminae  basi  abrupte  contracts* 
vel  subrotundatae,  apice  subobtusae  vel  acutae,  1*5— 3*5  cm.  longae 

2- 4*5  mm.  latae,  firmae,  glaucae,  prominenter  nervatae,  pilis  brevibu* 
rigidiusculis  e  tuberculis  ortis  laxe  vel  dense  hirsutae  vel  glabrescentes, 
marginibus  cartilagineis  minute  scaberulis.  Racemi  1—1*5  cm.  long*! 
5-7-spiculati,  albido-virides,  e  vagina  summa  breviter  exserti  vel  ba*j 
inclusi ;  rhachis  flexuosa,  scaberula ;  pedicelli  0*2-0 *3  mm.  long1* 
Spiculae  racemorum  3-3  •  5  mm.  longae.  Gluma  inferior  circiter  0  •  2  ra&\ 
longa ;  gluma  superior  3  mm.  longa.  Lemma  anthoecii  sujtf* 

3- 3*5  mm.  longum,  cuspide  vel  arista  usque  ad  2  mm.  longa  strict* 
vel  flexuosa  scaberula  ;  palea  circiter  2*5  mm.  longa ;  antherae 

1  mm.  longae  ;  caryopsis  1*6-1  *8  mm.  longa,  pallide  fusca.  Spicule 
axillares  4-5*5  mm.  longae.  Gluma  superior  0*5-1  *5  (raro  2*8)  && 
longa.  Lemma  anthoecii  inferi  4-5  mm.  longum,  basi  earmark 
minutissime  pilosa.  Lemma  anthoecii  superi  4-5*5  mm.  long1*10* 
cuspide  vel  arista  stricta  scaberula  usque  ad  2  mm.  longa ;  anther* 
usque  ad  0*3  mm.  longae  ;  caryopsis  3-3*5  mm.  longa. 

Queensland.  Burnett  District :  Mundubbera,  April  1931,  Bfa&m 
9  (type).  Darling  Downs  District:  Chinchilla,  in  patches  una 
Wilga  ( Gcijera  jyarvijlora)  trees,  June  1931,  Beasley  168A,  169. 


3 


The  precise  position  of  this  genus  in  the  Paniceae  is  somewhat 
doubtful.  The  flattened  margins  of  the  upper  lemma  recall  the  genera 
grouped  around  Digitaria  Hall.  Of  these  the  only  genus  with  which 
it  shows  affinity  is  Alloteropsis  Presl ;  this  also  occurs  in  Australia. 
Calyptochloa  differs  from  Alloteropsis  in  having  solitary  racemes,  a 
minute  nerveless  lower  glume,  a  7-nerved  eciliate  upper  glume  and 
a  barren  lower  floret  which  is  reduced  to  the  lemma. 

The  spikelets  of  the  terminal  inflorescence  are  apparently  either 
chasmogamous  or  cleistogamous.  Unfortunately  the  material  is  in¬ 
sufficient  to  warrant  an  extensive  examination  of  several  spikelets  at 
different  stages  of  development.  In  the  spikelets,  however,  which 

have  been  dissected,  the  anthers  vary  in  size  from  0-5  to  1  mm  *  Those 

spikelets  with  shorter  anthers  were  definitely  cleistogamous  as  the 
latter  were  enclosed  in  the  mature  floret  and  entangled  among  the 
hairs  of  the  stigmas  at  the  apex  of  the  caryopsis.  The  lower  glume  of 
the  terminal  spikelets  is  a  very  minute  hyaline  rim  hidden  by  hairs 
and  at  first  examination  is  easily  overlooked.  J 

The  axillary  cleistogamous  spikelets  are  tightly  embraced  by  the 
leaf-sheaths.  Their  external  structure  is  rather  different  from  that 
of  the  terminal  spikelets.  The  lower  glume  is  suppressed  whilst  thl 
upper  is  small  but  somewhat  variable  in  size.  The  lower  lemma  is 
dorsally  flattened  or  two-keeled,  no  doubt  owing  to  pressure  from  the 
culm,  otherwise  it  is  somewhat  similar  to  the  lower  lemma  „(.*  • , 

?p“t,  -rwet 

indurated  and  thickened  downwards.  The  dispersal  of  the  grain  is 
effected  by  the  joints  of  the  culm  disarticulating  at  the  base  of  oach 
leaf-sheath.  Mrs.  Chase  has  noted  that  in  species  of  Triplasis  which 
have  axillary  cleistogamous  spikelets  (“  cleistogenes  ”/  the  culms 
readily  disarticulate  at  the  lower  nodes.— C.  E.  Hubbard. 

f 1  ’  nalur<l\  ;  2,  spikelet  from  terminal  inflorescence  ;  3-9a  details 

of  that  spikelet 3,  lower  glume  ;  4,  upper  glume  ;  5,  lower  lemma  6  „ 
floret;  7,  upper  lemma  (flattened) ;  8,  palea  (opened  out) ;  9,  flower  •  9a  ’  inmm- 

termhmnnfl  8  W‘th  shnV1e  led  anthfr8.at  its  aP«  !  10,  diagram  of  spikelet  from 
IXw  *?®ore*°fnoe  ;  ■1,1’,a  Slngle  lcafl  with  it8  9heath  enclosing  an  axillary 
Jlnm  aX‘ary  8Plkelet :  l3_18>  details  of  axillary  spikelet:—  13,  upper 

glume;  14,  lower  lemma  ;  15,  upper  lemma  (flattened) ;  16,  palea  ;  17,  caryopsis  ; 

sheath118  jrS°  T7'°n  <>f  cary°Psis  1  19.  diagram  of  axillary  spikelet  enclosed  by 


32  U 


Tabula  3211. 

HABENARIA  LONGIROSTRIS  Summerhayes. 
Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 


H.  longirostris  Summerhayes  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  192 ;  species 
valdo  insignis,  perianthii  segmentis  angustis  elongatis  linearibus  vel 
lanceolatis  acuininatis,  petalis  longiuscule  ciliatis,  rostelli  lobo  inter- 
medio  elongato  truncato  apice  leviter  3-dentato  supra  antheram  valde 
eminente,  stigmatibus  pro  rata  brevibus  distinctissima. 


Herba  terrestris,  usque  75  cm.  alta.  Folia  4-9,  2-3  infima  ad  vaginas 
rcdacta,  intermedia  lanceolato-ovata  usque  late  ovata  acuta"  vel 
subacuminata,  basi  vaginantia,  usque  16  cm.  longa  et  5  (rarius  8)  cm 
la U,  versus  inflorescentiam  subito  decrescentia,  suprema  bracteis 
similia.  Racemus  cylmdncus,  subdense  vel  dense  multiflorus 
lTgUS’  Culter  6  Cm'  diametr°;  bracteae  late  lanceolatae 

Si  l  ’  ValdC  a,cummatae>  15-3-5  cm.  longae,  ovarium 

pedicellatum  aequantes  vel  superantes.  Flores  adseendentes  vel  erecto- 

patentes,  magm  petalis  et  sepalo  intermedio  albidis  exceptis  virides 
t  l  SePaluw  intermedium  lanceolatum,  acutum,  concavum! 
12-18  mm  longum,  2-5-3  mm.  latum,  trinervium ;  sepala  lateralia 
oblique  falcatim  lanceolata,  basi  margine  antico  rotundato  dilatata 
acuminata  16-20  mm.  longa,  4-5  mm.  lata.  Petala  supra  trientem 
mhmum  biloba,  dimidio  infenore  cum  sepalo  intermedio  conglutinata, 
marginibus  praesertim  superne  dense  longiuscule  ciliata,  in  toto  13- 

T8*’  ba^1w1*25"2  mm-  lata;  lobi  lineares,  acuti,  posterior 
mni.  ongus,  0 •  75  mm.  latus,  anterior  7-10  mm.  longus,  posteriore 
angustior.  Labellum  ex  parte  basali  4-5  mm.  longa  et  2  mm.  lata 
ripa  ltum,  partitionibus  anguste  linearibus  acutis  plus  minusve 
incurvatis,  intermedia  17-23  mm.  longa,  lateralibus  15-18  mm.  longis  ; 
lo™  ba81  .ten_ue’  superne  modice  ampliatum,  subacutum,  15-20  mm. 
ie rtn  m  i-?^era  erpcta,  2-5-3  mm.  alta,  apice  retusa  apiculo  inter- 

1  .Us  ^racilibus  leviter  incurvatis  2-5-3  mm.  longis,  stami- 
s  o  j  ongis  brevibus  circiter  0-7  mm.  longis.  Brachia  stigmatifera 
c  ssiuscula,  apice  incrassata,  3-4  mm.  longa  ;  rostelli  lobus  intermedius 
asi  triangularis,  superne  anguste  oblongus,  apice  truncatus  leviter 
o-(lentatus,  4-5  mm.  longus,  antheram  valde  superans,  dense  papillatus. 
Uvanum  10-16  mm.  longum,  saepius  curvatum. 


2 


Northern  Nigeria.  Naraguta,  July  1921,  Lely  462  (type)  ;  Vom, 
Bauchi  Plateau,  900-1350  m.,  Dent  Young ;  Plains,  August  1930, 
Lely  P630  ;  without  locality,  August  1912,  Nelson  13. 

Uganda.  Serere  Teso,  in  cleared  land  among  grass,  1080  m.,  July 
1932,  Chandler  819.  ' 


Habenaria  longirostris  seems  to  occupy  a  somewhat  isolated  position 
among  the  African  representatives  of  the  genus.  The  only  species 
which  appears  to  resemble  it  at  all  closely  is  //.  rhombocorys  Schltr., 
an  inhabitant  of  Nyasaland  and  southern  Tanganyika  Territory.  The 
latter  has  been  placed  in  Sect.  Multipartitae  ( Tacnianthera  Schltr.) — 
erroneously,  in  the  writer's  opinion.  H.  longirostris  and  II.  rhombocorys 
agree  in  general  habit  and  type  of  inflorescence,  in  the  general  features 
of  the  lip  and  of  the  sepals,  and  in  the  exceptional  hairiness  of  the  petals. 
In  II.  longirostris ,  however,  these  are  bilobed  in  the  upper  two-thirds, 
whereas  in  II.  rhombocorys  they  are  simple.  It  is  significant  that  the 
petals  in  the  latter  species  have  the  anticous  margin  much  dilated, 
forming  what  might  be  considered  as  the  beginning  of  an  anticous 
lobe.  In  column  structure  the  two  species  show  many  points  of 
resemblance,  the  stigmas  are  similar,  and  in  each  the  rostellum  is 
large  and  truncate,  and  projects  above  the  anther  loculi. 

When  first  described,  H.  longirostris  was  known  only  from  Northern 
Nigeria,  but  specimens  have  recently  been  received  from  Uganda  and 
it  can  thus  be  -numbered  among  the  many  species  common  to  East 
Africa  and  Nigeria.  A  large  number  of  East  African  species  extend 
as  far  west  as  the  Bauchi  Plateau  in  Northern  Nigeria,  especially  the 
Savannah  types  such  as  most  of  the  African  representatives  of 
Habenaria.  A  few  species  are  also  found  in  the  Gold  Coast  and  it  is 
possible  that  H.  longirostris  may  be  one  of  these. — V.  S.  Summerhayes. 


Fiq.  1,  flowering  stem,  lower  leafless  part  and  upper  2  inches  of  raoomo  omitted, 
natural  size ;  2,  dorsal  sepal  and  petals,  x  3  ;  3,  gynostegium,  lateral  view,  x  6  ; 

4,  rostellum,  spread  out,  x  6 ;  5,  one  pollinium,  x  8  A,  anther ;  CV,  caudicle 
and  viscidium  ;  Rm,  median  lobe  of  rostellum ;  Rl,  lateral  lobes  of  rostellum  ; 

5,  staminode  ;  St,  stigma  tic  processes. 


I 


32/2 


I 


Tabula  3212. 

HABENARIA  PRIONOCRASPEDON  Summerhayes. 

Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

H.  prionocraspedon  Summerhayes  in  Kow  Bull.  1932,  342;  H . 
Englerianae  Kraenzl.  affinis,  a  qua  floribus  minoribus,  labelli  lobis 
lateralibus  semi-ovatis,  calcari  5-6  cm.  longo  facile  distinguitur. 

Hcrba  terrestris,  erecta,  ultra  35  cm.  alta,  basi  non  visa.  Caulis 
teres,  fere  usque  inflorescentiam  foliatus.  Folia  5,  elliptico-  vel 
oblongo-lanceolata,  acuta,  apice  ipso  breviter  setaceo-acuminata,  basi 
vaginantia,  12-18  cm.  longa,  3 -5-5 -5  cm.  lata.  Racemus  13  cm. 
longue,  io  cm.  diametro,  dense  multiflorus  ;  bracteae  inferiores  foliosae, 
ceterae  minores,  lanceolatae,  acuminatae,  pedicello  cum  ovario  saepius 
breviores.  Flores  subpatentes,  ut  videtur  albi.  Sepalmn  intermedium 
late  lanceolatum,  acutum,  concavum,  erectum,  16-17  mm.  longum, 

6  mm.  latum  ;  sepala  lateralia  deflexa,  oblique  semi-ovata,  falcatim 
acuminata,  18  mm.  longa,  7  mm.  lata.  Petala  simplicia,  lineari- 
lanceolata,  leviter  recurvata,  acuta,  16  mm.  longa,  3  mm.  lata.  Ijibcl- 
lum  ex  ungue  angusto  trilobatum,  in  toto  3  cm.  longum,  2*5  cm. 
latum ;  lobus  intermedius  ligulatus,  acutus  vel  subacutus,  15  mm. 
longus,  3  mm.  latus  ;  lobi  laterales  late  semi-ovati  ex  intermedio  leviter 
divergentes,  basi  integri,  superne  serrato-pectinati,  16  mm.  longi,  infra 
medium  11  mm.  lati ;  calcar  inferne  gracile,  dimidio  superiore  sensim 
inflatum,  clavatum,  apice  obtusum,  satis  incurvatum,  5-6  cm.  longum. 
Anthem  erecta,  5-6  mm.  alta,  canalibus  crassiusculis  leviter  incurvatis 
2-5  mm.  longis ;  staminodia  parva,  rotundata,  1  mm.  longa  et  lata. 
Brachia  stigmatifera  clavata,  obtusa,  apice  interdum  connata,  circiter 

7  mm.  longa ;  rostelli  lobus  intermedius  anguste  triangularis,  acutis- 
simus,  leviter  concavus,  2*5  mm.  longus. 

Southern  Nigeria.  Ogoja  District,  Boshi,  1050  m.,  Rosevear  61/29. 

The  section  Plantagineae ,  to  which  this  species  belongs,  contains  a 
number  of  very  striking  and  beautiful  species  of  which  H.  mihtans 
Rchb.  f.  and  //.  carnea  N.  E.  Br.  are  occasionally  cultivated.  The 
flowers  are  characterised  by  the  usually  pectinate  or  serrate  but  broad 
lateral  lobes  of  the  lip,  while  the  leaves  are  generally  radical  and  more 
or  less  rosulate  and  therefore  somewhat  resembling  those  of  species  of 


2 


Plantago.  The  section  is  distributed  throughout  the  Indo-Malayan 
region  and  is  represented  in  West  Africa  by  a  second  species,  namely, 
H.  Engleriana  Kraenzl.,  which  possesses  a  spur  about  15  cm.  long. 
Up  to  the  present,  however,  no  Habenaria  of  this  section  has  been  re¬ 
corded  from  East  Africa,  and  the  two  West  African  species  are  therefore 
isolated  geographically.  The  Indian  representatives  of  section  Planta- 
gineae  possess  flowers  of  similar  type,  but  much  smaller,  H.  geniculata 
D.  Don  being  a  good  example.  The  flowers  of  some  of  the  Malayan 
and  Indo-Chinese  species,  on  the  other  hand,  although  as  large  as  those 
of  the  African  ones,  tend  to  have  a  rather  differently  shaped  lip  with  a 
bilobulate  middle  lobe.  In  both  H.  Engleriana  and  H.  prionocraspedon 
the  leaves,  instead  of  being  in  a  basal  rosette  or  cluster,  extend  up  the 
stem  to  immediately  below  the  inflorescence,  in  which  respect  they 
approach  H.  geniculata ,  which  has  the  leaves  scattered  along  the  lower 
part  of  the  stem. — V.  S.  Summerhayes. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  plant,  natural  size;  2,  dorsal  sepal,  x  1-5;  3,  lateral  sepal, 
x  1-5;  4,  petal,  x  1-5;  5,  labellum,  spur  removed,  x  1-5;  6,  column,  with 
perianth  members  removed,  x  4 ;  7,  rostellum,  flattened  out,  x  4  : — A,  anther ; 
S,  staminodo  ;  St,  stigmas  ;  V,  viscidia. 


32/3 


Tabula  3213. 

VIGNA  NUDA  N.  E.  Br. 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Phaseoleae. 


V  nuda  N  E.  Br.  in  Kcw  Bull.  1901,  121 ;  E.  G.  Baker,  Leg.  Trop. 
Afr’  415  (1929)  Liebrechtsia  Ringoeti  De  Wild,  in  Fedde,  Rep. 
xd  '  113  (1914)  De  Wild.  Notes  FI.  Kat.  iv.  27  (1914).  Vigna 
MngoS  (De  Wild.)  E.  G.  Baker,  Leg.  Trop  Afr.  415  (1929).- 
Habitu  et  magnitude  V.  esculenlae  (De  Wild.)  De  Wild  ex  Th.  et 
Hel.  Durand  similis,  sod  floribus  asymmetncis  carma  et  stylo  per 
angulo  90°  contorta  facile  distinguenda. 

Herba  perennis,  praecox,  caudice  subterraneo  lignoso  repente. 
C antes  maturi  foliosi  usque  1  m.  longi,  glabn  vel  puberuli.  Stipulae 
ovatae  vel  deltoideae,  acutae,  haud  auriculatae,  parvae,  circiter  4  ram. 
longae  et  3  mm.  latae,  striatae,  parce  pubescentes.  Folia  trifoliolata  ; 
petrnli  circiter  5  cm.  longi,  puberuli ;  foliola  oblongo-ovata  vel  subrhom- 
boidea,  usque  8  cm.  longa,  3  cm.  lata,  minute  puberula,  hispidula, 
breviter  petiolulata  ;  rhachis  circiter  1  *2  cm.  longa,  ut  petiolus  valde 
sulcata ;  stipellae  subulatae,  2  mm.  longae.  Caules  floriferi  e  basi 
caulium  maturorum  (saepissime  ustorum)  orti,  aphylli,  erecti,  basi 
ramosi,  breviter  pubescentes,  usque  20  cm.  longi  sed  saepe  brevissimi. 
Pedunculi  erecti,  usque  20  cm.  longi,  minute  et  parce  retrorsim  pubes¬ 
centes,  praecipue  apicem  versus,  vel  inferne  subglabri.  Flores  in  verti- 
cillo  2-5-floro,  rarius  in  verticillis  duobus  internodio  brevi  dispositi ; 
pedicelli  usque  3  mm.  longi,  pubescentes,  apice  bibracteolati.  Bracteolae 
circiter  1  mm.  longa,  velutinae,  caducae.  Calyx  late  campanulatus, 
8  mm.  longus,  parce  pubescens,  dentibus  deltoideis  subaequalibus 
acutis  2—3  mm.  longis.  Vexillum  transverse  ellipticum,  breviter 
emarginatum,  unguiculatum,  usque  2  cm.  altum,  3  cm.  latum,  dimidio 
altero  majore.  Aloe  rotundato-triangulatae,  basi  anguste  unguiculatae, 
ungue  usque  4  mm.  longo,  et  breviter  calcaratae,  in  toto  usque  2*4  cm. 
longae,  1*1  cm.  latae,  subaequales.  Petala  carinae  lunata,  valde 
incurva,  basi  in  unguem  attenuata,  superne  lateraliter  contorta, 
inaequalia,  altero  versus  medium  pustula  3  mm.  diametro  instructo, 
altero  piano,  circiter  2  cm.  longa,  1  cm.  diametro.  Stamina ^circi  er 
3  cm.  longa,  cum  carina  contorta,  antheris  vix  1  mm.  longis.  yianf*- 
lineare,  minute  velutinura,  circiter  1*5  cm.  longum ;  stylus  in  , 
2  cm.  longus,  fere  glaber  sed  postice  valde  barbatus,  laterali  wco  » 

stigma  leviter  obliquum,  pilis  valde  annulatum.  Lcgumen 
lineare,  breviter  velutinum. 


2 


Southern  Rhodesia.  Mashonaland,  without  locality,  abundant  in 
dry  pastures,  May  1896,  Bryce  s.n.  (type  of  Vigna  nuda) : — Flowers 
purplish-blue  and  whitish.  Mazoe,  on  burnt  veld,  1350  m.,  Aug.  1905, 
Eyles  179  : — Flower-stalks  in  erect  clusters  ;  no  leaves  ;  flowers  red- 
purple  with  a  patch  of  yellow  in  throat  of  standard  ;  keel  strongly 
curved  upwards  and  sideways  (always  to  the  left) ;  roots  long,  woody. 
Salisbury,  1440  m.,  Sept.  1927,  Eyles  5059  .-—Perennial  with  woody 
rootstock  ;  flowers  red-purple  ;  keel  twisted. 

Northern  Rhodesia.  Chilanga  District :  Chilanga,  on  clay  soil 
1200  m.,  Aug.  1909,  Rogers  8490.  Ndola  District :  R.  Kashitu  and 
elsewhere  on  sand,  1200  m.,  July  1909,  Rogers  8303 Flowers  only 
springing  up  after  the  grass  is  burnt.  Mwinilunga  District :  about 
22  miles  east  of  Mwinilunga,  on  burnt  ground  in  open  Brachystegia 
woodland,  10  Sept.  1930,  Milne-Redhead  1077  : — Perennial  with  thick 
rootstock,  flowers  in  clumps,  rosy-mauve  ;  no  leaves  at  time  of  flower¬ 
ing  ;  keel  and  style  twisted.  About  40  miles  south  of  Mwinilunga  and 
12  miles  west  of  R.  Lunga,  on  burnt  ground  in  Brachystegia  woodland, 
15  Aug.  1930,  Milne-Redhead  911 : — Old  unburnt  shoots  up  to  1  m.  long 
with  dead  leaves  attached  ;  perennial  with  running  rootstock  ;  flowers 
from  base  of  dead  shoots,  large,  dull  mauve  ;  keel  and  style  twisted. 

Belgian  Congo.  Katanga.  On  sandy  ground  at  Nieudorp,  Aug. 
1912,  Ringoet  6  (typo  of  Vigna  Ringoeti).  Elisabethville,  Aug.  1911, 
Rogers  10017,  pro  parte.  Elisabethville,  June  1920,  Rogers  26006. 


This  species  is  remarkable  in  the  genus  Vigna  on  account  of  its  having 
the  standard  asymmetrical  and  the  keel  twisted  through  a  right  angle, 
characters  which  give  the  flower  a  most  untidy  and  bizarre  appearance. 
The  style,  however,  is  essentially  that  of  Vigna,  and  not  that  of  Phaseolus 
or  Physostigma,  genera  to  which  this  plant  bears  considerable  super¬ 
ficial  resemblance.  The  ripe  fruits  of  Vigna  nuda  are  unknown,  but 
partly  mature  pods  are  similar  to  those  of  many  species  of  Vigna. 

In  consequence  of  V.  nuda  producing  its  flowers  before  the  leaves 
prevalence  of  grass  fires  in  the  region  where  it  grows,  leaves 
of  this  species  were  unknown  until  the  writer  was  fortunate  enough  to 
collect  some  dead  ones  still  attached  to  the  previous  season’s  shoots 

which  by  chance  had  escaped  the  fire.  They  are  now  described  for  the 
first  time. 


The  twisting  of  the  keel  is  far  from  obvious  in  herbarium  specimens, 
an  as  lerefore  escaped  the  notice  of  previous  authors.  The  flowers 
seem  always  to  twist  towards  the  left,  and  the  left-hand  petal  of  the  keel 
as  a  j  is  er  on  its  otherwise  even  surface,  and  is  smaller  than  the  right' 
hand  one,  which  is  outside  it.— E.  Milne-Redhead. 


,2'  leanf-  from  below;  3,  flower,  with  petal*  remoi 
of  the  alae  ;  6,  right-hand  petal  of  Carina,  from  outaido  ;  7, 
i,  lrora  outside  ;  8,  UDDer  nart  of  wtvlo  nmi  afinma  Pigs. 


4,  vexillum  ;  5,  one  ui  uie  mac  ;  u  i 

1  I  _  i  1  /  .  ,  K4- 1*“  ui  uarum.irum  out} 

ncUural^ze^  fig^xT*  J  8’  Uppcr  Part  of  8tyle>  stigma 


_ 


3214 


Tabula  3214. 

PHYSOSTIGMA  MESOPONTICUM  Taub. 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Phaseoleae. 

P.  mesoponticum  Taub.  in  Ber.  Deutsch.  Bot.  Ges.  xii.  81  (1894) ; 
Engl.  Pflanzenw.  Ost.-Afr.  C.  222  (1895) ;  11.  E.  Fries  in  Wiss. 
Ergebn.  Schwed.  Rhod.-Kongo  Exped.  1911-1912,  i.  105  (1914); 
E.  G.  Baker,  Leg.  Trop.  Afr.  386  (1929).— -Ab  affiui  P.  venenoso  Balf. 
praecipue  habitu  erecto  herbaceo,  floribus  ante  folia  evolutis,  nodis 
i nflorescentiarum  non  conspicue  incrassatis  difTert. 

Herba  erecta  vel  forsan  subscandens,  praecox,  caudice  subterraneo 
lignoso  repente.  Caules  maturi  foliosi  non  visi.  Stipulae  (ex  descrip¬ 
tion  Friesiorum)  deltoideo-lanceolatae,  circiter  1  cm.  longae  et  3  mm. 
latae,  apice  obtusae,  valde  striatae.  Folia  (ex  descriptione  Friesiorum) 
trifoliolata  ;  petioli  usque  5  cm.  longi,  pilis  brevibus  patentibus  fulvis 
dense  induti ;  foliola  terminalia  oblonga,  circiter  5-5  cm.  longa  et  1  cm. 
lata,  apice  rotundata  et  valde  emarginata,  basi  late  cuneata  vel  rotun- 
data,  lobis  basalibus  duobus  oblongis  1-1*5  cm.  longis  apice  rotundatis 
instructa  ;  foliola  lateralia  aliquanto  similia  sed  minora  et  lobo  unico 
1  *5  cm.  longa  et  1  cm.  lato  extrinsecus  retrorsum  spectante  instructa  ; 
foliola  breviter  petiolulata,  pilis  brevibus  albis  induta;  rhachis  1-1  •  5  cm. 
longa;  stipellae  ovatae,  obtusae,  2-3  mm.  longae,  striatae.  Caules 
floriferi  e  basi  caulium  maturorum  (saepissime  ustorum)  et  e  caudice 
ipso  orti,  aphylli,  erecti,  ramosi,  leviter  compressi,  obscure  striati,  pilis 
brevissimis  patentibus  vestiti,  usque  45  cm.  longi  (racemo  incluso). 
Racemi  laxi,  in  paniculam  amplam  dispositi  vel  interdum  simplices, 
usque  30-flori.  Flores  singuli  vel  bini  ex  axillis  bractearum  vix  incras¬ 
satis  orti ;  pedicelli  2-10  mm.  longi,  densiuscule  brevissime  hirsuti. 
Bracteolae  minutissimae,  caducae.  Calyx  infundibuliformis,  usque 
8  mm.  longus,  dentibus  triangularibus,  acutiusculis,  dense  breviterque 
pubescens.  Vexillum  suborbiculatum,  usque  2  •  5  cm.  longum  et  2 •  3  cm. 
latum,  profunde  emarginatum,  basi  cordatum,  vix  unguiculatum. 
Alae  late  falcatae,  obovato-oblongae,  usque  2*3  cm.  longae, apice  rotun¬ 
da  tae,  basi  unguiculatae,  ungue  circiter  3  mm.  longo,  et  inferne  breviter 
calcaratae.  Carina  fere  90°  curvata,  2*5  cm.  longa  (statu  curvato), 
basin  versus  in  calcar  circiter  1  cm.  longum  et  3  mm.  diametro  producta, 
basi  unguiculata  ungue  3  mm.  longo ;  petala  carinae  inaequaha. 
Stamina  circiter  4*5  cm.  longa,  tubo  circiter  3  cm.  longo,  cum  carina 


2 


contorta  ;  antherae  1  mm.  longae.  Ovarium  sessile,  lineare,  1  cm. 
longum,  dense  pubescens,  circiter  9-ovulatum  ;  stylus  4  cm.  longus, 
apicem  versus  in  circulum  contortus,  fere  glaber  sed  postice  apicem 
versus  valde  barbatus ;  stigma  terminate  appendice  retrorsa  lineari 
acuta,  4  mm.  longa,  carinata,  carina  membranacea  undulata  instructa. 
Legumen  ignotum. 

Tanganyika  Territory.  Kigoma  Province :  in  burnt  grasslands 
near  Itimbury  in  the  Ugalla’s  country,  Boehm  27a  (type  in  Herb. 
Berlin).  Kigoma  District :  Tongwe,  Sept.  1926,  Grant  s.n.  (Herb. 
Brit.  Mus.).  Tabora  District :  near  Tabor*,  Stuhlmann  584a.  Rungwe 
District :  in  stony  bushland  at  Bulambya,  1200  m.,  Sept.  1912,  Stolz 
189.  Lindi  District :  in  wooded  grassland  fringing  bush  of  Kindope 
stream,  Tendaguru,  150  m.,  16  Aug.  1930,  Migeod  804  (Herb.  Brit. 
Mus.) : — Leafless  twiner  in  grass  ;  flowers  brilliant  pink. 

Nyasaland.  Zomba,  1901,  Sharp  22. 

Northern  Rhodesia.  Tanganyika  Province  :  with  no  information, 
Cameron  s.n.  Mumbwa  District :  near  Mumbwa,  1911,  Mrs.  Macaulay 
1119  : — A  tall  herb  ;  flowers  25-35  in  compound  spikes  ;  calyx  dark 
red ;  standard  and  wings  dark  pink ;  keel  white  or  pink ;  leaf  tri- 
foliolate,  with  rough  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  and  prominent  veins. 
Ndola  District:  Bwana  Mkubwa,  1911,  Fries  494;  Ndola,  1911, 
Fries  494a ;  Ndola,  common  all  over  the  country,  Oct.  1906,  Allen 
386.  Solwezi  District :  on  burnt  ground  in  dambo  and  on  termite 
hills  at  Solw'ezi,  20  Sept.  1930,  Milne- Redhead  1159  : — Perennial  with 
running  rootstock  forming  clumps  60  cm.  in  diameter ;  flowers  light 
crimson,  very  conspicuous.  Mw’inilunga  District :  in  degenerating 
Cryptosepalum  woodland  on  burnt  ground  at  Matonchi  Farm,  31  Aug. 
1930,  Milne-Redhead  995  : — Perennial  with  running  rootstock,  flowering 
before  its  leaves  ;  flowers  very  conspicuous,  deep  pink. 

Belgian  Congo.  Katanga:  Kangenge,  12  Aug.  1931,  de  Witte 
542  (Herb.  Brit.  Mus.) ;  Elisabethville,  Aug.  1911,  Royers  10017,  pro 
parte  ;  Mushoshi,  1350  m.,  Oct.  1912,  Rogers  10379. 

Angola.  On  the  left  bank  of  R.  Chitanda,  1108  m.,  in  sandy  places 
among  quartz,  flowrering  without  leaves,  Sept.  1899,  Baum  133  (type  of 
var.  Baumii  Harms).  Abundant  in  open  grassy  woods  of  Combretum 
and  Caesalpineae  near  the  rivulet  Songque  at  Soba  Gumbe,  Anha, 
12  July  1905,  Gosswciler  1745  : — A  perennial  with  subterranean  w’oody 
rootstock  from  which  arise  one  or  more  1-2  ft.  high  deciduous  flowering 
stems,  but  without  leaves  ;  flowers  a  brilliant  reddish-purple  colour. 

Physostigma  mesopo)Uicum  Taub.  is  a  plant  of  very  great  morpho¬ 
logical  interest.  The  development  of  the  peculiar  spur  along  the  fused 
part  of  the  upper  edge  of  the  two  keel  petals  at  a  point  not  far  from  the 
basal  claw  is  dealt  with  by  Taubert  (l.c.  83).  It  is,  however,  of  interest 
to  drawr  a  comparison  between  this  plant  aud  Vigna  nuda  N.  E.  Br., 
a  species  which,  like  Physostigma  mesoponticumt  possesses  a  twisted 
keel,  and  accordingly  has  the  keel  petals  unequal.  But  V .  nuda  has, 


3 


in  place  of  the  long  spur  of  P.  mesoponticum ,  a  much  shorter  outgrowth 
resembling  a  blister,  situated  on  the  surface  of  the  inner  keel  petal, 
and  not  at  the  point  of  fusion  of  the  two  petals  as  in  this  species.  The 
ovary  of  P.  mesoponticum  with  the  staminal  tube  wrapped  round  it 
frequently  protrudes  through  the  lower  unfused  portion  of  the  keel. 
The  shape  and  texture  of  the  stigmatic  appendage  are  somewhat  variable 
as  is  also  the  size  of  the  flowers.  The  variety  Baumii  of  Harms  differs 
from  the  typo  only  in  possessing  rather  larger  flowers. 

The  leaves  of  Physostigrna  mesoponticum  were  first  described,  as  lobed 
by  R.  E.  Fries  (l.c.),  but  apparently,  as  in  many  species  of’ the  tribe 
Phaseoleae ,  the  degree  of  lobing  of  the  leaflets  is  very  variable.  Leaves 
are  not  represented  in  the  Kew  Herbarium. 

Physostigrna  mesoponticum  has  a  more  northerly  distribution  than 
Vigna  nuda ,  being  found  as  far  north  as  Tabora  in  Tanganyika  Terri¬ 
tory,  whilst  it  is  not  known  to  extend  to  Southern  Rhodesia  in  the 
South.  The  two  species  have  a  similar  life  form,  and  are  frequent  on 
dry  burnt  ground  at  the  end  of  the  winter  season.  It  is  probable  that 
Physostigrna  mesoponticum  during  the  wet  summer  season  develops 
twining  leafy  shoots  which  scramble  about  among  the  grass  with  which 
it  grows,  but  it  is  not  a  subshrub,  as  was  suggested  by  Taubert. 

E.  Milne-Rediiead. 

Fig.  1,  plant  in  flowering  stage  ;  2,  vexillum  ;  3,  ala,  from  within  ;  4,  carina 
lateral  view  ;  5,  6,  the  two  carina  petals  separated,  from  within  ;  7,  androecium* 
enclosing  gynoecium  ;  8,  style  and  stigma.  Figs.  1-7,  natural  size  ;  fig.  8,  x  2.  ’ 


32  is 


Tabula  3215. 

OXYGONUM  PACHYBASIS  Milne- Redhead. 
POLYGONACEAE.  Tribus  POLYGONEAE. 


0.  pachybasis  Milne-Redhead ;  species  nova,  ab  affinibus  0. 
pubescente  C.  H.  Wright  et  0.  Dregeano  Meissn.  ocreis  majoribus 
longius  setosis,  pedicellis  sub  fructu  longioribus  distinguendum  ;  ab 
ilia  etiam  omnibus  partibus  pubescentibus  differt. 


Ilerba  perennis,  pubescens,  caudice  crasso  lignoso  brunneo  plus 
minusve  repente.  Caules  annul  plures  ;  caules  primarii  usque  ad 
inflorescentiam  redacti,  efoliati,  basin  versus  cataphyllis  ocreiformibus 
circumdati,  in  toto  8-20  cm.  longi,  leviter  curvati ;  caules  secundarii 
ex  axillis  cataphyllorum  superiorum  caulium  primariorum  exorti 
foliiferi,  erecti,  sub  anthesin  immaturi,  circiter  15  cm.  longi,  breviter 
et  parce  pubescentes;  cataphylla  obconico-cylindrica,  truncata 
b-8  mm  longa,  leviter  inflata,  firme  chartacea,  apice  breviter  setoso- 
ciliata,  brunnea,  extra  breviter  et  parce  pubescentia.  Ocreae  foliorum 
herbaceae  cylindncae,  truncatae,  in  toto  1-1*3  cm.  longae,  apice 
setoso-ciliatae  wins  brunneis  usque  7  mm.  longis,  breviter  pubescentes. 
tolia  sessilia  lanceolata,  apice  valdo  acuta  vel  apiculata,  in  basin 
valde  attenuata,  usque  6  cm.  longa  et  9  mm.  lata,  utraque  pagina 
breviter  et  parce  pubescentia.  Spicae  fasciculorum  terminates,  usque 
17  cm  longi ;  fasciculi  cymosi,  10-14,  usque  4-flori.  Bratteae  generates 
ocreis  foliorum  similes  sed  minores  et  plerumque  haud  setoso-ciliatae, 
et  apice  oblique  truncatae,  saepe  apiculo  terminatae,  5-8  mm.  longae  * 
oracteae  propriae  floruin  hyalinae,  setis  brevibus  1-2  instructae ; 
p(  i  lceili  maturi  circiter  4  mm.  longi.  Flores  longistyli  (<£) : — Peri - 
tubus  circiter  2  mm.  longus  ;  lobi  ovato-elliptici,  circiter  4  mm. 
3  int  ^1Ce  P^us  m^nusve  acuti.  Stamina  8,  quorum  5  exteriora 
versusri°ra  ’  ^amen^a  filiformia,  omnia,  praesertim  interiora,  basin 
^vGnumX^ail-8a 9  ^ ~ ^  5  mm*  l°nga  I  antherae  circiter  1  mm.  longae. 
longa  r  C1^Clter  \  n*m-  l°nKunb  glabrum ;  styli  pars  inferior  2  mm. 
Flores  br  ^  circiter  4  mm.  longis ;  stigmata  minuta,  capitata. 
antliiig  n€Vt8ty^  (verosimiliter  <$) : — Perianthia  plus  minusve  peri- 
longa  swUm  kcrmaphroditorum  similia.  Stamina  circiter  5  mm. 
formis  r^mi  exciter  2  mm.  longi.  Fructus  iramaturus  ampulli- 
recurv*  t'  ^ri80nus  nec  spinosus,  breviter  pubescens,  pedicellis 


2 


Northern  Rhodesia.  Solwezi  District :  in  dambo,  after  burning, 
at  Solwezi,  20  Sept.  1930,  Milne-Redhead  1162  : — Perennial  herb  with 
thick  woody  rootstock ;  flowers  white,  opening  in  sunshine. 

Whilst  most  of  the  known  species  belonging  to  this  genus  are  annuals, 
this  plant,  together  with  0.  tenerum  Milne-Redhead,  is  a  perennial 
with  a  woody  underground  rootstock  well  suited  to  thrive  in  the  con¬ 
ditions  offered  by  the  open  grasslands,  known  as  dambos,  which  occur 
throughout  the  savannah  woodland  areas  of  Northern  Rhodesia. 
Were  it  not  for  the  annual  grass  fires  it  is  possible  that  both  these 
species  might  develop  into  shrubs  of  similar  habit  to  0.  frutxcosum 
Dammer  ex  Milne-Redhead,  which  grows  in  the  evergreen  Crypto - 
sepalum  woodlands  of  Angola  and  Northern  Rhodesia,  into  which  the 
grass  fires  never  penetrate  on  account  of  the  lack  of  a  continuous 
ground  vegetation  on  the  loose  sandy  surface. 

On  examination  of  a  number  of  flowers  of  0.  pachybasis  it  was  found 
that  they  were  heterostylous,  but  inspection  of  the  developing  fruits 
showed  that  these  had  all  come  from  flowers  with  long  styles,  the  ovary 
of  the  short-styled  flowers  apparently  being  abortive.  The  species  is 
therefore  polygamous,  although  at  first  sight  it  does  not  appear  so. 

E.  Milne-Redhead. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  flower,  x  3  ;  3,  long-styled  flower,  laid  open,  with 
gynoecium  removed,  x  3  ;  4,  gynoecium  of  long-styled  flower,  x  3  ;  5,  short- 
styled  flower,  laid  open,  with  gynoecium  removed,  x  3;  6,  gynoecium  of  short- 
styled  flower,  x  3  ;  7,  unripe  fruit,  x  2. 


32  It! 


Tabula  3216. 

OXYGONUM  TENERUM  Milne- Redhead. 
POLYGONACEAE.  Tril>US  POLYGONEAE. 


0.  tenerum  Milne- Redhead ;  species  nova,  0.  pachybasi  Milne- 
Redhead  babitu  similis,  sed  foliis  linearibus  glabris,  fructibus  trigonis 
distinguenda ;  ab  0.  delagoensi  0.  Kuntze,  quod  fructus  trigonos 
similes  profert,  habitu  pumilo,  foliis  linearibus  integris  recedit. 


Herba  perennis,  glabra,  caudice  crasso  lignoso  brunneo  plus  minusve 
repente.  Caides  annui  plures  ;  caules  primarii  inflorescentia  terminati 
paucifoliati,  basin  versus  cataphyllis  ocreiformibus  circumdati  in 
toto  circiter  6  cm.  longi,  plus  minusve  erecti ;  caules  secundari’i  ex 
axdlis  cataphyllorum  supenorum  et  folium  caulium  primariorum 
exorti,  folnferi,  erecti,  sub  anthesin  immaturi,  circiter  4  cm  lonei  • 
cataphylla  late  obcomca  vel  subcylindrica,  aliquantum  inflata,  firme 
chartacea,  apice  truncata,  breviter  setoso-ciliata,  brunnea  Ocreae 
ohorum  subherbaceae,  cylindricae,  truncatae,  in  toto  usque  1-2  cm 
ngae,  apice  longe  setoso-ciliatae  cilns  brunneis  usque  9  mm  longis 
Folia  sessilia,  lineana,  apice  valde  acuta  vel  apiculata  basi  vix 
angustata,  usque  4-5  cm.  longa  et  1  mm.  lata.  Spicae  fasciculorum 
terminales,  circiter  3  cm.  longi ;  fasciculi  ^orlZciZZneX 

setos8  f°  Tm  8imi  68  -8ed  apiCe  obliclue  truncatae,  plerumque  hnud 
setoso-ciliatae,  saepe  apiculo  terminatae,  usque  6  mm.  longae  ■  bracteae 

propnae  florum  hyalinae,  setis  brevibus  1-2  instructae pedicelli 

nm\oMu?-ribIT-'i1°nglm  ^  $ ;  Ferianthii  tubus  circiter 
filamentTfilif’  ^  elbPtico-oblongi,  circiter  6  mm.  longi.  Stamina  8  ; 
2-5  mm  f  formia’  basin  ver8US  aliquantum  expansa,  hirsuta,  1-5- 
OuJZ-ZT  \  ant  leyae  brunneo-roseae,  circiter  1  mm.  longae. 
longa  r.im  'T  -1  n'IU'  ongum’  glabrum;  styli  pars  inferior  3  mm. 
Flores  t  n8  ^  C-lT.Clte*  mm*  ^ongis ;  stigmata  minuta,  capitata. 
circitor  7  v  0n  V,1S1*  Fructus  ovoideus,  conspicue  trigonus,  espinosus, 
altus,  4  mm.  diametro,  pedicellis  erectis. 


early  bur  ,N  ^H0DESIA-  Mwinilunga  District :  in  sandy  plain,  after 
Kabnmr  ni??,r(ea8^  Mwinilunga  and  about  16  miles  west  of  R. 
woodv  ^eP^-  1930,  Milne- Redhead  1115: — Perennial  herb  with 

flowers  r°j°.  ock  croeping  underground  ;  shoots  up  to  8  cm.  high  ; 


2 


Although  of  exactly  similar  habit,  this  species  is  strikingly  different 
from  0.  pachybasis.  It  was  found  growing  on  burnt  ground  on  sandy 
soil  in  an  open  situation  along  with  Sapium  Acetosella  Milne-Redhead, 
Ochna  angustifolia  Engl,  et  Gilg,  and  Ochna  Hockii  De  Wild.,  all 
plants  of  the  same  life  form  ;  but  whereas  the  genera  Sapium  and 
Ochna  are  most  commonly  trees  or  large  shrubs,  the  genus  Oxygonum 
is  largely  composed  of  species  which  are  annual  herbs. 

Only  hermaphrodite  flowers  were  discovered  on  the  material  col¬ 
lected,  so  the  functionally  male  flowers  have  to  remain  undescribed 
until  further  material  is  available. — E.  Milne-Redhead. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  §  flower,  x  3  ;  3,  §  flower  laid  open,  with 
gynoecium  removed,  x  3  ;  4,  gynoecium,  x  3  ;  5,  fruit,  x  2. 


3217 


Tabula  3217. 

ERLANGEA  QUARREI  Hutch .  et  B.  L.  Burtt 
Compositae.  Tribus  Vernonieae. 

E.  Quarrei  Hutch.  et  B.  L.  Burtt-,  species  nova,  affinis  E.  sengensi 
S.  Moore,  sed  foliis  ovatis  basi  late  rotundato-cordatis,  involucri 
bracteis  exterioribus  latioribus  ovatis  distinguenda. 


Caules  e  rbizomate  duro  lignosi,  stricti,  usque  ad  7  dm.  alti,  obtuse 
costati,  inferne  laxe  superne  dense  crispato-pubescentes,  internodiis 
plerumque  circiter  5  cm.  longis.  Folia  opposita,  sessilia,  discoloria 
ovata,  basi  late  rotundato-cordata,  apice  obtusa  supremis  late  lanceo’ 
latis  exceptis,  6-10  cm.  longa,  3-6  cm.  lata,  marginibus  obscure  crenatis 
leviter  recurvis  plus  minusve  bullata,  supra  scabrida  et  tenuiter 
pubescent, a,  infra  cinereo-tomentosa ;  nervi  laterales  patub  supra 
obscuri,  infra  prominentes,  utrinsecus  circiter  12,  flexuosi  CaS 

brevissimo  .etaceo  moS“  duco  8  '  aP‘“  CUpul“t*'  PaH>° 


Belgian  Congo.  Katanga 
1932,  P.  Quarre  2998. 


Kainina,  on  the  Lovoi  River,  April 


uT168  T  rCCeived  in  a  Seneral  collection  of 
of  the  Comm  M  th  ^lglan  Congo  communicated  by  the  Director 
ne  Lon  go  Museum,  Tervueren,  Belgium. 

and  IJ\'T  .I"1*'19™  is  dlstinKnished  from  Vernonia  by  the  scanty 
somewhat  la:Jf°U;S  PaPP,U8'  .  The  use  this  character  results  in  a 
°f  species  r  lbCla,  classification,  as  it  brings  together  an  assemblage 

the  class, fi!°!ne  of  P'luch  show  very  slight  relationship.  Following 
ssification  adopted  by  Muschler,*  E.  Quarrei  falls  into  the 

*  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  xlvi.  58  (1911). 


2 


section  Bothriocline  on  account  of  its  opposite  leaves.  It  is,  however, 
but  distantly  related  to  the  typical  members  of  this  section,  since  it 
has  large  solitary  or  subsolitary  capitula,  whereas  they  have  much 
smaller  capitula  arranged  in  corymbs. 

J.  Hutchinson  and  B.  L.  Burtt. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  a  pair  of  Jower  leaves,  natural  size  ; 
3,  portion  of  upper  surface  of  leaf,  x  20 ;  4,  portion  of  lower  surface  of  leaf, 
showing  recurved  margin,  x  4 ;  5,  flower,  with  ovary  detached,  x  4 ;  6,  part  of 
androecium,  x  6 ;  7,  achene,  with  two  pappus  bristles  still  persisting,  x  6 ; 
8,  one  of  the  pappus  bristles,  x  40. 


e. 


Tabula  3218. 

CRASSULA  WRIGHTIANA  Bullock. 

Crassulaceae.  Subfamilia  Crassuloideae. 

C  Wrightiana  Bullock  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  487  ;  affinis  C.  natanti 
Thunb  sed  habitu  robustiore,  caulibus  foliisque  camosioribus,  sepalis 
longioribus  pro  rata  angustioribus,  petalis  angustioribus  oblongis  vel 
oblongo-ellipticis,  carpellis  leviter  bialatis  majonbus  distincta. 

Herba  erecta  vel  procumbens,  omnino  glabra,  6-30  cm.  vel  ultra 
alta,  caulibus  simplicibus  vel  parce  ramosis,  internodiis  1-5  mm. — 
3. 5’ cm.  longis,  radicibus  adventitiis  e  nodis  praecipue  inferioribus 
ortis.  Folia  opposita,  decussata,  basi  in  vaginam  usque  2  mm.  longam 
connata,  oblonga  vel  oblongo-spathulata,  apice  acuta  usque  rotundata, 
5*5-18  mm.  longa,  1*5-5  mm.  lata.  Flores  axillares,  solitarii  vel  in 
fasciculis  paucifloris  dispositi,  minuti,  tetrameri,  pedicellis  5-10  mm. 
longis.  Sepala  basi  connata,  oblonga  vel  sursum  leviter  angustata, 
obtusa  vel  subacuta,  usque  1  mm.  longa.  Petala  oblongo-elliptica 
vel  oblonga,  apice  obtusa  vel  rotundata,  sepalis  duplo  longiora.  Fila- 
menta  applanata,  sursum  angustata  j  antherae  parvae,  subglobosae. 
Squamulac  nectariferae  spathulatae,  0*5-0  *6  mm.  longae,  ovariis 
singulis  adpressae.  Carpella  ovoidea,  leviter  bialata,  1-1  •  2  mm.  longa, 
stylo  brevi  leviter  uncinato  coronata,  uniovulata.  Semina  oblonga, 
utrinque  rotundata,  dense  minutissime  tuberculata. 

Kenya  Colony.  Nairobi,  1800  m.,  Dowson  476  (type).  Aberdare 
Mts.  and  the  base  of  Mt.  Kenya,  Dowson  73.  Eldama  Ravine,  2100— 
2250  m.,  Oct.  1898,  Whyte  s.n.  Third  day’s  march  from  Eldama 
Ravine,  Whyte  s.n.  Between  Nandi  and  Mumias,  Whyte  s.n.  Limuru, 
10  June  1918,  Snowden  582.  Mau,  Nov.  1905,  Baker  339.  Mau 
forest,  Mettam  236.  Mt.  Elgon :  1950-2250  m.,  Oct.  1930,  Lugard 

5  ;  1920  m.,  28  Feb.  1931,  Lugard  538.  ltumuruli  District,  1800  m., 
July  1931,  Napier  1229. 

Uganda  Protectorate.  Behungi  Swamp,  2400  m.,  and  common 
ft  altitude  throughout  the  Virunga  Mts.  area,  1  Dec.  1930,  B.  D. 
1288^  Kitakata,  Shema  County,  Ankole,  24  Jan.  1929,  Snowden 

qiJANGANYIKA  Territory.  Arusha,  1500  m. :  Dec.  1927,  Roarer 
19  ’  ®c^*  1925,  Roarer  79b.  Kamachuma  Road,  Bukoba  District, 
AAK)  m*»  Sept.  1931,  Roarer  2296. 


9 


In  the  original  publication  of  this  species,  Crassula  Wrightiana 
was  placed  provisionally  in  the  BuUiarda  group  of  the  section 
Tillaea  (Linn.)  Schonl.  beside  C.  aquatica  (Linn.)  Schdnl.,  which  it 
closely  resembles  in  habit.  Further  investigation  shows,  however, 
that,  on  account  of  its  uniovulate  carpels,  it  must  be  assigned  to  the 
Helophytum  group  of  the  same  section,  and  is  nearly  related  to  C.  natans 
Thunb.,  from  which  it  differs  as  indicated  in  the  diagnosis.  Some 
specimens  of  C.  Wrightiana  and  some  of  C.  natans  are  strikingly  similar 
in  general  appearance,  but  the  differential  characters  appear  to  be  con¬ 
stant.  It  seems  not  unlikely  that  Schonland’s  conception  of  C.  natans 
included  the  plant  figured  here.  There  are  no  specimens  of  C.  natans 
Thunb.  from  East  Africa  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  and  the  “  distinct 
robust  variety  which  Engler  mistook  for  a  variety  of  C.  Vaillantii 
(Willd.)  Roth  ”  *  may  have  been  C.  Wrightiana. 

C.  Wrightiana  is  a  more  or  less  amphibious  plant  of  the  high  swamps 
and  watercourses  of  East  Africa,  and  the  great  range  of  variation  in 
habit  corresponds  with  varying  amounts  of  water  in  the  habitat. 
When  growing  in  comparatively  deep  water,  the  internodes  elongate 
to  bring  the  upper  portions  above  the  surface,  whilst  in  drier  situations 
the  internodes  remain  very  short.  The  plant  evidently  grows  in  dense 
masses,  the  individual  stems  providing  mutual  support,  in  addition 
to  that  given  by  the  water  to  the  aquatic  form.  It  is  assumed  that 
the  erect,  unbranched  habit  is  normal  for  the  plant ;  the  procumbent, 
slightly  branched  habit  is  apparently  produced  by  the  lowering  of  the 
water-level  in  seasonal  ponds  and  streams,  thus  removing  the  support 
necessary  for  the  weak,  succulent  stems. 

The  plant  is  named  in  honour  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Wright,  late  of  the 
Herbarium,  Kew,  whose  notes  on  his  dissection  of  Mr.  Dowson’s 
specimens  are  attached  to  the  type  sheet. — A.  A.  Bullock. 

Tig.  1,  a  long  unbranched  stem  (Lugnrd  215),  natural  size  ;  2,  a  stouter  branched 
form  (Burtt  2924),  natural  size ;  3,  a  dwarf  form  (Lugard  538),  natural  size  ; 
4,  partially  expanded  flower,  x  8 ;  5,  expanded  flower,  with  one  petal  bent  back 
to  snow  the  androecium  and  gynoecium,  x  8;  6,  stamens,  x  12;  7,  gynoecium 
ami  squamae,  x  12 ;  8,  longitudinal  section  of  a  carpel,  showing  ovule,  x  12 ; 
9,  seed,  x  20. 


*  Schonland  in  Ann.  Bolus  Herb.  ii.  49  (1916). 


'I 


32/9 


4 


Tabula  3219. 

CEROPEGIA  FILICALYX  Bullock. 
Asclepiadaceae.  Tribus  Ceropegieae. 


C.  fllicalyx  Bullock  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  145 ;  C.  abyssinicae  Decne. 
affinis,  sed  calyce  duplo  longiore,  corollae  lobis  minoribus,  indumento 
densiore,  habitu  majore  differt. 

Herba  erccta,  usque  1  m.  alts ,  caulibus  simplicibus  satis  dense  paten- 
terque  hirsutis.  Folia,  angustissime  oblonga  vel  anguste  oblongo- 
oblanceolata,  apice  satis  acuta,  basin  versus  angustata,  6-12  cm.  longa, 
circiter  1-1 -5  (raro  2)  cm.  lata,  supra  subappresse  pilosa,  infra  patenter 
pilosa,  nervis  lateralibus  utrinsccus  circiter  7,  petiolis  hirsutis  1  cm. 
longis.  Flores  3-5  ex  axillis  foliorum  fasciculati,  pedicellis  gracilibus 
usque  2  cm.  longis  patenter  albido-villosis.  Calyx  fere  ad  basin  divisus, 
segmentis  5  filiformibus  circiter  1  cm.  longis,  cum  glandulis  triangulari- 
lanceolatis  satis  carnosis  circiter  0-6-0-7  mm.  longis  altemantibus. 
Corollae  lobi  5,  oblongi,  inflexo-apiculati,  apiculis  inter  se  cohaerentibus 
7-5-8  mm,  longi,  apicem  versus  extra  leviter  pubescentes,  marginibus 
undulatis,  extra  ochroleuci,  intus  carinati,  brunneo-purpurei ;  tubus 
oblongo-ovoideus,  1  cm.  longus,  medio  4  mm.  diametro,  glaber,  brunneo- 
purpureus  sed  annulo  ochroleuco  notatus.  Corona  duplex,  tubo 
stamineo  a ffixa  ;  exterior  ex  saccis  5  minutis,  antheris  altemantibus  ; 
interior  in  lobos  5  caudiformes  1  •  1-1  -2  mm.  longos  antheris  oppositos 
supra  gynostegium  products,  apice  inter  se  conniventes.  Anlherae 
supra  gynostegium  incurvae ;  pollinia  minuta,  e  glandula  valde  ad- 
scendentes.  Fructus  ignotus. 


7<TtNoG,ANYIKA  Territory-  Kikori,  1260  m.,  14  May  1930,  B.  D. 
UrU  2755  (type).  Moshi,  900  m.,  June  1928,  A.  E.  Haarer  1493. 


Ceror 


the  fihealyx  is  one  of  the  comparatively  few  erect  species  of 

obvious U8*l  *8  interesting  phytogeographically  on  account  of  its 

known8  |  a^10n8hip  with  C.  abyssinica  Decne.,  a  native  of  Abyssinia, 
stock  0f°5  i  rom  Schimper’s  collections  in  1843  and  1853.  The  root- 
as8Um  ,  i  jc  ^atter  species  is  a  fleshy  or  half  woody  tuber,  and  it  may  be 
the  1-  °  r  >  •  is  a  similar  structure.  AMorphologically, 

ar£e  intersepaline  glands  (figures  2  and  6)  form  an  interesting 


2 


feature :  their  function,  if  any,  is  unknown .  The  position  of  the  glandu¬ 
lar  pollen-carriers  on  the  rim  of  the  peltate  top  of  the  gynostegium 
is  well  indicated  in  figure  3,  showing  that  each  bears  a  pollinium  from 
adjacent  pollen-sacs  of  different  anthers,  a  fact  which  is  not  made 
clear  in  some  of  the  published  figures  of  plants  in  this  family. 

Mr.  B.  D.  Burtt,  who  has  collected  so  many  undescribed  species  in 
Tanganyika  Territory,  describes  this  plant  as  a  very  local  erect  herb 
2£  ft.  high,  growing  in  woods  of  Acacia  usambarensis  Taub. 

A.  A.  Bullock. 

Fig.  1,  upper  part  of  flowering  stem,  natural  size ;  2,  flower,  x  3  ;  3,  flower 
with  perianth  removed,  showing  outer  and  inner  corona,  anthers  and  pollinia, 
x  16  ;  4,  the  same,  with  an  inner  corona  lobe  and  a  stamen  removed,  showing 
the  peltate  stigmatic  disk,  x  16 ;  5,  pair  of  poilinia,  x  45  ;  6,  gynoecium  sur¬ 
rounded  by  intersepaline  glands,  x  16. 


32  2  0 


Tabula  3220. 

ENCEPHALARTOS  KOSIENSIS  Hutch. 

Cycadaceae.  Tribus  Encephalarteae. 

E.  kosiensis  Hutch,  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  512,  et  in  Hill  FI.  Cap.  v. 
sect*.  2,  Suppl.  34,  fig-  5  (1933) ;  species  foliolis  supeme  subaequaliter 
3-5-lobatis,  inferioribus  ad  aculeos  sensim  redactis,  strobilis  pro  genere 
parvis  $  ovoideis  distinctissima. 

Truncus  usque  ad  3*5  m.  altus,  ultra  30  cm.  diametro.  Folia  apice 
caulis  dense  aggregata,  0*8-1  m.  longa,  petiolo  5-8  cm.  longo  ;  rhachis 
recta  vel  leviter  recurva,  apice  leviter  producta  ;  foliola  circiter 
30-juga,  erecto-patentia  et  leviter  imbricata,  superiora  minora  et  sub- 
falcata,  inferiora  ad  aculeos  sensim  redacta,  majora  late  oblonga,  circiter 
8  cm.  longa  et  2*5  cm.  lata,  basi  circiter  8  mm.  longa  et  supra  rhachin 
longitudinaliter  inserta,  rigide  coriacea,  margine  inferiore  lobis  spinosis 
rigidis  breviter  triangularibus  5-7,  margine  superiore  lobis  similibus 
minoribus  1-3  armata,  nervatione  parallela.  Strobilus  breviter 
pedunculatus,  ellipsoideus,  10-13  cm.  longus,  2  *5-3  cm.  diametro,  rubro- 
salmoneus  ;  axis  circiter  6  mm.  diametro  ;  squamae  paucis  basalibus 
exceptis  fertiles,  cuneatae,  supeme  rhomboideae,  planae,  inferne 
ubiquo  microsporangiis  (usque  ad  200)  2-3-4-natis  indutae,  majores 
circiter  1*3  cm.  longae  et  latae.  Strobilus  $  breviter  pedunculatus, 
late  ovoideus,  maturus  circiter  20  cm.  longus  et  15  cm.  diametro,  rubro- 
salmoneus  ;  axis  circiter  2  •  5  cm .  diametro  ;  squamae  fertiles  circiter  70, 
reliquis  numerosis  ad  basin  et  apicem  infertilibus,  circiter  5  •  5  cm.  longae 
et  4*5  cm.  latae,  stipite  gracili  usque  ad  3  cm.  longo,  parte  exteriore 
rhomboidea  areola  media  depressa  laevi  exeepta  rugosa,  firme  carnosae. 
Semina  oblonga,  e  basi  ad  apicem  sensim  angustata,  leviter  angulata, 
truncata,  circiter  4  cm.  longa  et  2  cm.  diametro,  tegumenti  parte 
exteriore  carnosa  et  aurantiaco-rubra,  intermedia  oblonga  utrinque 
rotundata  circiter  2*5  cm.  longa  et  1*2  cm.  diametro  ossea  venis 
superficialibus  longitudinalibus  notata,  interiore  membranacea. 

South  Africa.  Northern  Zululand,  near  Kosi  Bay,  in  coastal  sand- 
dunes  and  bush,  Aitken  and  Gale  63  (type) ;  Col.  Lugge  in  Natal  Herb. 


2 


16507.  Cultivated  by  Col.  G.  Molyneux  at  the  “  Old  Fort,”  Durban, 
and  in  the  Kirstenbosch  Botanic  Garden,  Newlands,  Cape  Province. 

This  remarkable  Cycad  was  first  recorded  by  Colonel  Lugge  at  Kosi 
Bay,  and  a  leaf  specimen  collected  by  him  is  preserved  in  the  Natal 
Herbarium  (16507).  In  1920  R.  D.  Aitken  and  G.  W.  Gale  made  a 
journey  to  the  Ingwavuma  District  of  Zululand  and  collected  further 
material,  the  record  in  their  report  (Bot.  Survey  S.  Afr.,  Mem.  2,  18  : 
1921)  being  “  (63)  Encephalartos  sp.  Right  on  coast  and  in  sand-dune 
bush,  E.  Ingwavuma.”  In  FI.  Cap.  v.  sect.  2,  Suppl.  34  (1933),  the 
locality  is  recorded  as  “  behind  sand-dune  bush  near  Kosi  Lake,”  and 
the  collectors  are  quoted  for  the  statement  “  stems  at  most  a  few  inches 
high.”  The  description  of  the  species  given  by  Hutchinson  is  founded 
on  the  leaf  specimen  mentioned  above  and  on  this  statement  by  Aitken 
and  Gale. 

The  existence  of  this  species  was  brought  to  my  notice  by  Brig.- 
General  J.  Wylie,  and  in  1932  Colonel  G.  Molyneux  of  Durban  con¬ 
tributed  five  living  specimens  to  the  National  Botanic  Garden,  Kirsten¬ 
bosch,  where  they  have  established  themselves  satisfactorily  and  pro¬ 
duced  new  leaves.  One  of  these,  with  a  trunk  16  inches  high  and  a 
crown  of  21  leaves,  is  figured  in  the  accompanying  plate.  Two  more 
large  plants  and  several  seedlings  were  received  at  Kirstenbosch  during 
1933  from  General  Wylie.  Colonel  Molyneux  also  gave  me  magnificent 
specimens  of  the  male  and  female  cones  in  July  1932,  from  which 
coloured  drawings  were  made  by  Miss  F.  M.  Leighton  at  the  Bolus 
Herbarium.  These  form  the  basis  of  the  present  plate.  Prior  to  the 
receipt  of  the  plants  now  at  Kirstenbosch,  Colonel  Molyneux  had 
succeeded  in  establishing  this  species  in  cultivation  in  the  garden  of 
the  Old  Fort  at  Durban. 

The  material  and  information  received  from  Colonel  Molyneux 
enable  the  original  description  to  be  considerably  amplified.  The 
following  statements  are  quoted  from  Colonel  Molyneux’  letters  : — 

“  Encephalartos  kosicnsis  grows  on  the  sea-shore  on  the  sand-dunes 
and  in  the  coastal  bush  within  250  yards  of  the  sea.  ...  It  is  common 
in  the  coast  sand-dunes  in  scattered  groups  for  a  matter  of  15  miles, 
and  a  few  specimens  have  been  observed  up  to  10  miles  inland  within 
a  few  milos  of  the  Portuguese  border.  .  .  .  The  coast  belt  of  northern 
Zululand  is  unhealthy  in  the  wet  summer,  and  in  the  dry  winter,  prior 
to  the  introduction  of  motor-cars,  was  rather  inaccessible,  for  there  is 
80  miles  of  sand  to  be  got  over  which  is  soft  when  dry.  These  facts 
are  sufficient  to  explain  why  this  Cycad  should  have  remained  unknown 
for  so  long.”  Aitken  and  Gale  (l.c.)  also  refer  to  the  difficulties  of 
transport  through  this  region,  so  that  “  a  day's  journey  rarely  exceeds 
twelve  miles.”  “  .  .  .  The  tallest  plant  seen  was  11  feet  in  height  and 
about  3  feet  6  inches  in  girth.  Plants  from  6  to  9  feet  are  common. 
Seed  brought  to  Durban  has  germinated  freely.  ...  Its  foliage  is 
distinctive  enough,  something  like  that  of  E.  latifrons ,  but  the  leaves 
are  longer  and  do  not  curve  :  but  the  really  interesting  point  is  that  the 


3 


cones  are  a  flaming  scarlet,  male  and  female.  The  nearest  I  know  to 
this  is  E.  grains  from  British  Central  Africa  of  which  the  cones  (in  the 
Durban  Botanic  Garden)  are  a  pale  pink.  .  .  .  Apart  from  the  red 
colour  of  its  cones  and  its  distinctly  shaped  pinnae,  the  very  numerous 
leaves  in  its  crown,  which  may  even  be  described  as  crowded,  and  a 
more  circinate  arrangement  of  the  young  pinnae  than  is  usual  in  the 
Cycads  I  know,  may  be  worthy  of  remark.” 

The  genus  Encephalartos  has  been  divided  by  Pilger  (in  Engler  u. 
Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenfam.  ed.  2,  xiii.  80  :  1926)  into  three  sections 
on  the  basis  of  the  form  of  the  exposed  end  of  the  female  cone-scales. 
E.  kosiensis  would  fall  into  Section  B,  along  with  the  Central  African 
species  E.  grains  Prain,  E.  Hildebrand tii  A.  Braun  et  Bouche,  and 
E.  Barteri  Carruthers. 

The  information  here  given  with  regard  to  the  stature  of  E.  kosiensis 
necessitates  the  revision  of  the  clavis  in  FI.  Cap.  v.  sect.  2,  Suppl.  28, 
and  also  modifies  the  conjecture  made  in  the  addendum-slip  inserted 
therein.— R.  H.  Compton  (Kirstenbosch). 


Since  the  receipt  of  Professor  Compton’s  description  and  notes 
Mr.  Cyrus  R.  Barrett,  of  Durban,  has  written  to  the  Editor  as  follows  : 
“  I  collected  a  dozen  or  so  specimens  [of  E.  kosiensis ]  at  Kosi  Bay  last 
year.  I  also  got  three  seed-cones  from  which  I  obtained  250  seeds ; 
these  I  planted  last  November  [1932]  and  now  have  just  over  200  seed¬ 
lings,  which  are  doing  well. 

1  visited  the  area  again  early  this  month  [July  1933],  and  examined 
the  plants  there.  It  appears  to  me  that  those  plants  growing  within 
three  miles  of  the  Bay  and  five  from  the  sea-shore  are  different  from 
those  growing  twenty-two  miles  from  the  shore.  Those  found  near  the 
Bay  were  growing  in  the  open  on  sandy  grass-veld  ;  the  stems  ranged 
from  12  inches  to  50  inches  high  ;  leaves  up  to  3  ft.  long.  Those  grow¬ 
ing  in  bush  about  twenty-two  miles  inland  have  practically  no  stem 
showing  above  ground,  the  leaves  are  longer,  running  up  to  5  ft., 
and  the  leaflets  longer  and  narrower.  The  line  of  bush  in  which  these 
were  found  runs  parallel  with  the  sea-shore,  and  no  plants  were  seen 
farther  than  this  from  the  coast,  and  no  seed-cones  were  seen  although 
a  thorough  search  was  made.  In  the  space  of  a  mile  I  counted  roughly 
250  plants,  in  some  parts  so  close  together  that  it  was  impossible  to 
walk  through  the  bush.” 

This  information  is  particularly  valuable  because  it  confirms  the 
sta^6men^  °f  Aitken  and  Gale,  published  in  the  Supplement  to 
u  e  *h>ra  Capensis,  that  plants  of  this  species  have  in  some  localities 

Wk**  at  m°8t  a  *eW  “lc^es  high.” 

'V  hen  this  species  was  described  for  the  Flora  Capensis  I  had  seen  only 
the  upper  half  of  a  leaf  in  the  Natal  Herbarium,  and  was  unfortunately 
not  aware  that  living  specimens  had  been  sent  to  the  Kirstenbosch 
Botanic  Garden.  But  the  leaf  material  was  sufficient  to  show  that  the 
species  was  distinct,  and  the  bright  red  cones  amply  confirm  this  view. 


4 

E%  kosiensis  differs  from  all  others  in  that  the  middle  leaflets  show  no 
definite  terminal  lobe,  but  are  equally  lobed  all  round  the  top.  The 
gradual  reduction  of  the  lower  leaflets  to  prickles  is  a  good  diagnostic 
feature,  other  South  African  species  showing  the  same  character  being 
E.  villosns  Lem.,  E.  Woodii  Sander,  and  E.  paucidentatus  Stapf  et 
Burtt  Davy. — J.  Hutchinson. 

Fig.  1,  whole  plant,  showing  habit,  much  reduced  ;  2,  basal  part  of  leaf,  showing 
reduction  of  lower  leaflets  to  prickles,  x  }  ;  3,  upper  leaflets,  x  §;  4,  one  leaflet 
from  near  the  middle  of  the  ieaf,  x  J  ;  5,  male  cone,  x  J;  6,  scale  from  male 
cone,  natural  size  ;  7,  female  cone,  x  | ;  8,  scale  and  seeds,  x  f . 


Tabula  3221. 

FOCKEA  CYLINDRICA  R.  A.  Dyer. 

Asclepiadaceae.  Tribus  Marsdenieae. 

F.  cylindrica  R .  A.  Dyer  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  459 ;  affinis  F.  eduli 
(Thunb.)  K.  Schum.  et  F.  crispae  (Jacq.)  K.  Schum.,  ab  ilia  foliis 
supra  paullum  glaucis,  corollae  segmentis  linearibus  7-8  mm.  longis, 
coronae  tubo  quam  corollae  tubo  breviore,  ab  hac  foliis  glabris  et 
paullum  glaucis,  ab  ambabus  corollae  tubo  cylindrico  4  mm.  longo 
differt. 

Herba  perennis,  radice  tuberosa  magna.  Caules  perennes,  sublig- 
nosi,  sparse  ramosi ;  rami  annui,  graciles,  herbacei,  minutissime 
puberuli,  usque  ad  25  cm.  longi  vel  verisimiliter  longiores.  Folia 
opposita,  brevissime  petiolata,  ovata  vel  oblongo-  vel  elliptico-ovata, 
acuta  vel  acute  apiculata,  1*6-2  cm.  longa,  0*8-1  cm.  lata,  glabra, 
supra  paullum  glauca,  marginibus  plus  minusve  undulatis.  Flores 
2-4-ni,  in  fasciculis  axillaribus  dispositi ;  pedicelli  2  mm.  longi,  puberuli. 
Calycis  segmenta  lanceolata,  2-2*5  mm.  longa.  Corolla  extra  dense 
puberula,  lobis  intus  glabris  vel  faucem  versus  puberulis  ;  tubus  cylin- 
dricus,  4  mm.  longus  ;  lobi  lineares,  7-8  mm.  longi,  in  alabastro  valde, 
flore  aperto  minus  tortis,  marginibus  revoluto-plicatis.  Corona  tubu- 
losa,  tubo  ejus  quam  corollae  tubo  breviore,  basi  circiter  1  mm.  cum  hoc 
conjuncta,  intra  appendicibus  5  filiformibus  instructo  ;  lobi  5,  triden- 
tati,  3  mm.  longi,  dentibus  5  parvis  alternis.  Antherae  breves,  erectae, 
membrana  maxima  elliptica  hyalina  terminatae. 

South  Africa.  Albany  Division  :  amongst  karroid  scrub  on  dry 
flats,  near  Committees  in  the  Fish  River  Valley,  20  miles  from 
Grahamstown,  rare,  Aug.,  Dyer  1635  (type). 

The  two  species,  Fockea  edulis  (Thunb.)  K.  Schum.  and  F.  crispa 
(Jacq.)  K.  Schum.,  to  which  F.  cylindrica  is  most  nearly  allied,  are 
recorded  under  the  names  F.  glabra  Decne.  and  F.  capensis  Endl. 
respectively  in  Dyer,  FI.  Cap.  iv.  sect.  i.  779-780.  The  former  specific 
epithets  have  priority  under  the  International  Rules.  Although 
F .  crispa  has  been  in  cultivation  in  the  Imperial  Garden  at  Schonbrunn 
near  Vienna  for  about  150  years,  the  native  habitat  was  unknown 
until  1906,  when  the  late  Dr.  R.  Marloth  rediscovered  it  in  the  Prince 


2 


Albert  Division  (Kew  Bull.  1909,  349).  Since  then  it  has  been 
collected  in  the  same  area  by  Miss  Oosthuizen,  who  sent  a  large  tuber 
to  the  Albany  Museum,  Grahamstown,  where  it  is  now  growing  in  the 
Experimental  Garden.  A  young  plant  presented  to  Kew  by  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  A.  D.  Ryder  during  1932  will  probably  prove  to  be  this  species. 

F.  cylindrica  is  known  only  from  the  single  collection  recorded  above. 
Duplicate  material  of  the  type  is  in  the  Albany  Museum,  Grahamstown. 

R.  A.  Dyer. 

Fig.  1,  stem  with  leafy  shoots,  natural  size  ;  2,  flowering  branch,  natural  size ; 
3,  calyx,  x  6  ;  4,  corolla,  x  4  ;  5,  part  of  corona  from  within,  x  6  ;  6,  androecium, 
x  8  ;  7,  stamen  from  within,  with  pollinia  removed,  x  8  ;  8,  caudicle  and  pollinia, 
x  40 ;  9,  gynoecium,  x  8. 


3222 


Tabula  3222. 

FOCKEA  GRACILIS  R.  A.  Dyer. 

Asclepiadaceae.  Tribus  Marsdenieae. 

F.  gracilis  R.  A.  Dyer  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  459;  affinis  F.  sinuatae 
(E.  Mey.)  Druce,  a  qua  caulibus  superne  tortuosis,  marginibus  foliorum 
minus  undulato-sinuatis,  coronae  tubo  lobis  longiore  differt. 

Herba  perennis,  radice  tuberosa.  .  Tuber  plus  minusve  oblongum, 
15-20  cm.  crassum,  radicibus  paucis  tenuibus  instructum ;  caudex 
perennis,  subterraneus,  sparse  ramosus,  usque  ad  20  cm.  longus,  circiter 
1  cm.  crassus,  succulentus  vel  sublignosus.  Caules  annui,  graciles, 
superne  tortuosi,  15-30  cm.  longi,  leviter  carnosi,  minute  puberuli. 
Folia  sessilia,  linearia,  2-3  cm.  longa,  1-2  mm.  lata,  supra  minute 
puberula,  infra  glabra,  apice  incurvata,  acuta,  marginibus  undulato- 
sinuatis  reflexis  vel  revolutis.  Flores  axillares,  2-6-ni,  in  racemis 
brevissimis  dispositi  vel  fasciculati ;  pedicelli  1-2 •  5  mm.  longi,  puberuli 
Calycis  segmenta  anguste  oblongo-lanceolata  vel  lineari-oblonga,  2  mm. 
longa,  sinubus  glandulis  singulis  minutissimis  ima  basi  instructis 
Corolla  campanulata  extra  puberula  ;  tubus  3-3*5  mm.  longus  ;  lobi 
lineares,  6-7  mm.  longi,  1  mm.  lati,  obtusi,  intus  glabri  vel  sparse  et 
mmutissime  puberuli,  viridi-fusci.  Corona  tubulosa,  5  mm.  longa 
basi  cum  tubo  corollae  1  mm.  conjuncta ;  tubus  3*5  mm.  longus,  ex 
corollae  tubo  paullum  exsertus,  intra  appendicibus  5  subulatis  in¬ 
structs ;  lobi  5, 1  *5  mm.  longi,  tridentati,  dente  medio  quam  laterali- 
bus  multo  longiore.  Antherae  breves,  erectae,  membrana  maxima 
elliptica  hyalina  terminatae. 

Sou™  Africa.  Albany  Division :  amongst  short  Karroo  bushes 
on  Dikkop  Flats,  22  miles  from  Grahamstown,  rare,  March,  R.  A. 
Dyer  1251  (type). 

Up  to  the  present  time  Fockea  gracilis  has  been  recorded  only  from 
ie  sing  e  locality  cited  above,  an  arid  sandy  plain  in  the  Great  Fish 
er.  Valjey,  where  the  rainfall  seldom  exceeds  12  in.  per  annum  and 
occasionally  is  as  low  as  5  in.  As  would  be  expected,  the  vegetation 
is  decidedly  karroid  in  habit,  in  fact  the  locality  is  at  the  south-eastern 
unit  of  typical  Karroo  vegetation.  The  flowering  stems  of  F.  gracilis , 
which  twine  on  the  small  bushes  6-12  in.  high,  are  produced  annually 
from  the  underground  perennial  stock. 


2 


The  species  most  closely  allied  to  F.  gracilis  is  F.  sinuata  (E.  Mey.) 
Druce  (=  F.  undulala  N.  E.  Br.).  As  far  as  records  go,  the  latter  is 
known  only  from  the  Beaufort  West  and  Prince  Albert  Divisions  and 
was  last  collected  over  100  years  ago. 

As  a  rule,  species  of  Fockea  seem  to  be  represented  by  comparatively 
few  individuals.  All  have  tuberous  rootstocks,  which  in  some  cases 
attain  a  size  of  about  2  ft.  in  thickness,  and  as  has  been  recorded  on 
more  than  one  occasion  previously,  Bushmen,  Hottentots  and  other 
natives  of  Southern  Africa  make  use  of  the  tubers  of  certain  species 
as  a  source  of  food.  No  doubt  certain  animals  such  as  baboons  seek 
Fockea  species  for  the  same  reason.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that 
this  is  an  important  factor  in  their  distribution.  Early  colonists  soon 
learnt  the  value  of  Fockea  tubers,  and  even  up  to  the  present  day  they 
are  sought  and  uprooted  for  the  preparation  of  preserve  (“  confeit  ”). 

Duplicate  material  of  F .  gracilis  is  in  the  National  Herbarium, 
Pretoria,  and  the  Albany  Museum  Herbarium,  Grahamstown. 

R.  A.  Dyer. 

Fiq.  1,  flowering  shoot  with  upper  part  of  caudex,  natural  size  ;  2,  flower,  x  3  ; 

3,  corona,  from  within,  showing  the  tridentate  lobes  and  the  appendages,  x  6 ; 

4,  androecium,  x  8 ;  5,  stamen,  from  within,  with  pollinia  removed,  x  8 ; 
fl[  caudicle  and  pollinia,  x  20  ;  7,  gynoecium,  x  8. 


322  3 


Tabula  3223. 

STRYCHNOS  TABASCANA  Sprague  et  Saiidwith. 

Loganiaceae.  Tribus  Strychneae. 

S.  (§  Longiflorae)  tabascana  Sprague  et  Sandwith  in  Kew  Bull.  1927, 
128 ;  S.  triplinerviae  Mart,  e  Brasilia  affinis,  a  qua  foliis  minus 
coriaccis  longius  acuminatis,  corollis  longioribus  gracilioribus  sparsius 
indutis,  staminibus  longius  exsertis  filamentis  manifests,  fauce  glabra 
differt ;  a  S.  longissima  Loes.  corollae  indumento  valde  diversa. 

Frutex  verisimiliter  scandens ;  ramuli  annotini  2-3  mm.  diametro, 
pubescentes  ;  ramuli  hornotini  gracillimi,  pubescentes ;  internodia 
3-4  •  5  cm.  longa.  Folia  ovata,  ovato-lanceolata  vel  elliptico-lanceolata, 
acutissime  acuminata,  basi  cuneata  usque  rotundata  vel  etiam  leviter 
cordata,  5-11*5  cm.  longa,  2  *7-4 *8  cm.  lata,  utrinque  costa  nervisque 
lateralibus  breviter  pilosa,  mesophyllo  marginibusque  pilis  raris  induta, 
nitidula,  supra  minute  granuloso-punctulata,  quintuplinervia,  nervis 
tertiariis  conspicuis  subparallelis  ;  petioli  dense  pubescentes,  3-5  mm. 
longi.  Inflorescentiae  ramulos  breves  paria  foliorum  1-3  gerentes 
terminantes,  et  terminales  et  in  axillis  foliorum  summorum,  corymboso- 
thyrsoideae ;  pedunculi  pubescentes,  cymarum  terminalium  3-9  mm. 
longi,  axillarium  8-12  mm.  longi ;  cymulae  ultimae  triflorae,  flore 
medio  subsessili,  lateralibus  cum  pedicellis  dense  pubescentibus  2- 
mm.  longis ;  bracteae  lineari-subulatae,  dense  pubescentes, 
2-3*o  mm.  longae.  Calycis  segmenia  subulato-lanceolata,  extra  pilosa 
atque  longe  ciliata,  circiter  3  mm.  longa.  Corolla  gracilis,  hypocrateri- 
formis ;  tubus  fulvo-pilosulus,  praeterea  serie  pilorum  longorum 
patente  vel  ascendente  conspicua  praeditus,  intus  basi  ac  apice  excepto 
albo-lanatus,  1-5-1-7  cm.  longus,  ad  1  mm.  diametro;  lobi  demum 
reflexi,  lineari-oblongi,  obtusi,  ad  4  mm.  longi,  extra  indumento  tubi 
praediti,  intus  cinereo-pulverulenti.  Stamina  summo  tubo  inserta, 
tonspicue  exserta  ;  filamenta  1*5-2  mm.  longa,  glabra;  antherae 
nim.  longae.  Ovarium  glabrum,  0*75  mm.  diametro  ;  stylus  glaber, 
r um  st,1gmate  capitato  2-2  •  1  cm.  longus,  igitur  fere  ad  4  mm.  e  corollae 
fauce  exsertus. 

Mexico.  Tabasco;  San  Sebastian,  fl.  Feb.  16,  1889,  Rovirosa  361. 

Ibis  species  belongs  to  a  rather  distinct  group  in  the  section 
longiflorae ,  the  members  of  which  are  characterised  by  terminal 


2 

inflorescences,  by  ascending  pubescence  on  the  young  branchlets  and 
petioles,  and  by  their  leaves  being  more  or  less  glabrous  except  for  the 
main  nerves  and  for  scattered  hairs  on  the  margins,  and  verruculose- 
punctate  above.  Other  members  of  this  group,  evidently  allied  to 
S.  tabascana ,  are  S.  panamensis  Seem.,  S.  cogens  Benth.  of  British 
Guiana  (the  flowers  of  which  are  still  unknown),  and  S.  triplinervia 
Mart. — N.  Y.  Sandwith. 

Fia.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  calyx,  x  4  ;  3,  corolla,  laid  open,  x  4  ; 
4,  gynoecium,  x  4. 


Tabula  3224. 

STRYCHNOS  ASPERULA  Sprague  et  Sandwith . 

Loganiaceae.  Tribus  Strychneae. 

S.  (§  Longiflorae)  asperula  Sprague  et  Sandwith  in  Kew  Bull.  1927, 
131;  S.  rondeletioidi  Spruce  ex  Benth.  affinis,  corollis  haud  pul- 
verulentis  fauce  haud  lanata,  foliis  minus  coriaceis  supra  subtilissime 
tantum  reticulatis,  nervis  tertiariis  inconspicuis  differt. 

Frutex  scandens ;  ramuli  hornotini  ascendentes,  graciles,  glabri; 
annotini  obtuse  quadrangulares,  dense  lentieellati,  cortice  cinereo. 
Folia  ovata  vel  elliptica,  acuminata,  basi  cuneata  vel  subrotundata, 
8-10  cm.  longa,  3*8-5  cm.  lata,  tenuiter  coriacea,  utrinque  vix  nitidula, 
glabra,  quintuplinervia,  nervis  tertiariis  inconspicuis,  sed  rete  venularum 
elevato  subtilissimo,  supra  punctis  elevatis  creberrimis  asperula ; 
petioli  graciles,  4-8  mm.  longi,  0*75-1  mm.  lati.  Injlorescentiae 
terminates,  dense  corymboso-thyrsoideae,  floribus  fere  sessilibus ; 
pedunculi  1  *5-2*5  cm.  longi,  glabri;  rhachis  cum  ramis  suis  acute 
angulata,  pubescens ;  bracteae  1-2-5  mm.  longae,  connatae,  ciliatae. 
Calycis  segmenta  rotundato-ovata,  obtusa,  0*75  mm.  longa,  ciliata. 
Corolla  ochroleuca,  hypocrateriformis  ;  tubus  utrinque  glaber,  8*5  mm. 
longus,  0*5-0*75  mm.  diametro,  fauce  haud  lanata  ;  lobi  patentes  vel 
subreflexi,  lineari-lanceolati,  2*5  mm.  longi,  obtusi,  intus  cinereo- 
pulverulenti,  praesertim  marginibus  ac  apicem  versus.  Stamina  in 
fauce  inserta,  filamentis  brevissimis ;  antherae  e  fauce  exsertae, 
1*75  mm.  longae.  Ovarium  ovoideo-ellipsoideum,  glabrum,  1  mm. 
longum,  circiter  0*5  mm.  diametro;  stylus  glaber,  cum  stigmate 
capitato  1  cm.  longus. 

Brazil.  Amazons  basin  :  Rio  Acre ;  Seringal  Sao  Francisco,  fl. 
Sept.  1911,  Vie  9838. 

A  well-marked  species,  clearly  allied  to  S.  rondeletioides  Spruce  ex 
Benth.,  but  easily  distinguishable  by  the  absence  of  wool  at  the  throat 
of  the  corolla  and  the  other  characters  indicated  in  the  diagnosis. 

The  glabrous  tube  of  the  corolla  is  an  important  feature  which  is 
rare  in  tropical  American  species  of  the  section  Longi  florae.  It  is 
shared  by  two  very  interesting  and  distinct  species  recently  described 
by  Dr.  Ducke  (Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Par.  s&r.  2,  iv.  745),  from 


2 

the  Amazons  basin,  which  are  represented  in  the  Kew  Herbarium. 
Of  these,  S.  trichostyla  Ducke  is  immediately  distinguished  from 
S.  asperula  by  its  axillary  inflorescences  and  hairy  style ;  while 
S.  ramentifera  Ducke  differs  in  its  leaves  and  its  much  longer  stouter 
corollas.  A  third  new  species  of  this  section,  S.  divaricans  Ducke, 
with  terminal  inflorescences,  is  interesting  since  its  tube  is  glabrous  in 
the  lower  half,  and  minutely  papillose-tomentellous  in  the  upper  half ; 
this  again  differs  widely  from  S.  asperula  in  characters  of  the  foliage 
and  inflorescence. — N.  Y.  Sand  with. 

Fig.  1,  upper  part  of  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  portion  of  lower 
surface  of  leaf,  x  3;  3,  calyx  and  bracteoles,  x  8 ;  4,  corolla,  laid  open,  x  4  ; 
5,  gynoecium,  x  4. 


32ZS 


Tabula  3225. 

STRYCHNOS  PEDUNCULATA  (DC.)  Benth . 

Loganiaceae.  Tribus  Strychneae. 

S.  (§  Longiflorae)  pedunculata  (DC.)  Benth.  in  Journ.  Linn.  Soc., 
Bot.  i.  105  (1857) ;  Progel  in  Mart.  FI.  Bras.  vi.  pars  i.  275  (1868) ; 
Sandwith  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  397.  Rouhamon  pedunculatum  DC.  in 
DC.  Prodr.  ix.  561  (1845).  Strychnos  Schomburgkiana  Klotzsch  in 
Rich.  Schomb.  Reisen,  iii.  1144  (1848),  nomen.  S.  trinitensis  Griseb. 
FI.  Brit.  W.  Ind.  407  (1861). — S.  Mitscherlichii  Rich.  Schomb.  (S. 
smilacinae  Benth.  pro  majore  parte)  affinis,  foliis  plerumque  minoribus 
firme  chartaceis  tantum  vel  vix  coriaceis  intricatius  reticulatis, 
rhachi  ramisque  inflorescentiae  conspicue  pubescentibus  nec  glabris, 
calycis  segmentis  extra  et  pubescentibus  et  ciliatis  differt. 

Frutex  scandens ;  ramuli  hornotini  pubescentes  vel  glabrescentes. 
Folia  ovata  usque  elliptico-oblonga  vel  oblongo-lanceolata,  breviter 
obtuse  acuminata,  basi  abrupte  cuneata,  4-12  cm.  longa,  2-6  cm.  lata, 
firme  chartacea,  vix  subcoriacea,  nitida,  glabra,  quintuplinervia, 
utrinque  intricate  reticulata,  supra  haud  granuloso-punctata  ;  petiolus 
minute  pubescens,  demum  glabrescens,  usque  7  mm.  longus.  In - 
Jlorescentiae  axillares,  usque  4-5  cm.  longae,  anguste  thyrsoideae, 
ubique  conspicue  pubescentes ;  ramuli  oppositi,  horizontales  vel 
ascendentes,  breves,  vulgo  cymis  simplicibus  trifloris  terminati ; 
bracteae  1*5-4  mm.  longae,  pubescentes;  pedicelli  1-3  mm.  longi. 
Calycis  segmenta  inaequalia,  ovata  usque  subanguste  ovato-lanceolata, 
ad  1*3  mm.  longa,  0*6-1  mm.  lata,  obtusa,  extra  pubescentia  atque 
ciliata.  Corolla  alba,  hypocrateriformis  ;  tubus  gracillimus,  3-6  mm. 
longus,  extra  minutissime  papilloso-tomentellus,  intus  basi  glabra 
excepta  pilosiusculus ;  lobi  vix  3  mm.  longi,  intus  triente  inferiore 
dense  lanati  ceterum  papilloso-tomentelli.  Stamina  in  fauce  sub  lana 
loborum  inserta,  subsessilia  ;  antherae  inclusae.  Ovarium  glabrum  ; 
stylus  cum  stigmate  capitato  glaber,  sub  anthesi  breviusculus. 

British  Guiana.  Roraima,  fl.  Nov.,  Scliomburgh  482  (=  792B) 
m  Herb.  Kew.,  Mus.  Brit.,  Cantab.,  Paris.,  isotypus  speciei.  Cotinga 
River,  W.  of  Pirara,  Richard  Schomburgk  sine  nurnero  in  Herb.  Kew., 
Cantab.,  sub  nurnero  792  in  Herb.  Paris.  Rupununi  Savannahs, 


2 


Pirara,  fl.  Sept.  1931,  Davis  in  Forest  Department  no.  2184,  Herb.  Kew., 
typus  iconis ;  a  bush-rope  in  savannah  forest,  with  sweet-scented 
white  flowers. 

Trinidad.  Caura,  fl.  Sept.  1849,  Crueger  in  Herb.  Kew.,  typus  vel 
isotypus  S.  trinitensis  Griseb. 

Mr.  Davis’  material,  from  which  the  accompanying  figure  was  drawn, 
is  of  value,  not  only  as  the  rediscovery  of  a  rare  species,  but  also  as  proof 
that  the  corolla-tube  may  be  much  longer  than  described  by  Progel  in 
the  Flora  Brasiliensis  from  the  Schomburgk  material  at  Berlin.  The 
Kew  specimens  of  Schomburgk  482  (=  792B)  are  equally  short,  being 
about  \\  lines  (3  mm.)  long  ;  but  De  Candolle  originally  described  the 
tube  as  3  lines  (6  mm.)  long  from  material  of  the  same  collection  at 
Geneva.  Even,  however,  with  such  short  corollas  before  him,  Progel 
was  quite  unjustified  in  placing  S.  pedunculata  in  his  section  Rouhamon , 
since  its  corolla-tube  is  always  longer  than  the  lobes,  and  its  affinity 
is  clearly  with  the  species  of  the  Longijlorae  which  bear  axillary  in¬ 
florescences.  S.  pedunculata  was  correctly  placed  in  the  Longijlorae 
by  Solereder  in  Engl.  Pflanzenfam.  iv.  2.  39  (1895),  and  this 
writer  also  indicated  the  very  close  affinity  of  S.  trinitensis  Griseb. 
Careful  comparison  of  S.  pedunculata  and  S.  trinitensis  fails  to  show 
any  characters  by  which  they  can  be  kept  apart  as  distinct  species. 

N.  Y.  Sandwitii. 


Figs.  1,  2,  flowering  branchlets,  natural  size;  3,  flower,  x  4  ;  4,  calyx,  x  4  ; 
5,  corolla,  laid  open,  x  4;  6,  gynoecium,  x  4. 


Tabula  3226. 

SILENE  ASTERIAS  Griseb . 

Caryophyllaceae.  Tribus  Sileneae. 

S.  Asterias  Griseb.  Spic.  FI.  Rumel.  et  Bithyn.  i.  168  (1843) ;  Boiss. 
FI.  Or.  i.  654  (1867) ;  Rohrbach,  Monogr.  Silene,  150  (1868) ;  PanSitf, 
FI.  Princip.  Serb.  166  (1874) ;  Nyman,  Consp.  FI.  Eur.  89  (1878),  et 
Suppl.  51  (1889) ;  Velenovsky,  FI.  Bulg.  66  (1891) ;  Rouy,  Illustr. 
PI.  Eur.  Rar.  fasc.  i.  2,  t.  4  (1895) ;  F.  N.  W  illiams  in  Joum.  Linn.  Soc., 
Bot  xxxii.  109  (1896)  ;  Giirke  in  Ricbter,  PI.  Eur.  ii.  304  (1899)  ;  Beck 
in  Glasnik,  xix.  20  (1907) ;  Rev.  Hortic.  1908,  111,  fig.  35  ;  Vandas, 
Reliq.  Formanek.  61  (1909) ;  AdamovnS  in  Engl.  u.  Drude,  Veget.  der 
Erde,  xi.  82,  105,  367,  481,  500  (1909) ;  Kosanin  in  Pros.  Glasnika, 
1910,'  28 ;  KoSanin,  Elem.  Vlasinske  Flore,  seorsim  impr.  28  (1910) ; 
Degen  ex  Fritsch  in  Mitt.  Naturw.  Ver.  Steiermark  xlvi.  307  (1910)  ; 
Ko§anin  in  Glas.  Srp.  Kralj  Akad.  Beograd,  lxxxv.  234  (1911) ;  Aschers. 
u.  Graebn.  Syn.  FI.  Mittel-Eur.  v.  2,  156  (1921) ;  Velenovsky,  Reliq. 
MrkviSk.  7  (1922) ;  Stoyanofl  et  Stefanoff,  Flor.  Bulg.  378  (1924) ; 
Hayek,  Prodr.  FI.  Penins.  Balcan.  i.  272  (1924) ;  Bornmiiller  in  Engl. 
Bot.  Jahrb.  lix.  409  (1924). — Sapwwria  Asterias  Griseb.  Reise  durch 
Rumelien  und  nach  Brussa,  ii.  110  (1841). — Ab  S .  compacto  Friv. 
duratione  perenni,  inflorescentia  minore  flor i bus  paucioribus  praedita, 
pedunculo  multo  longiore  facile  distinguitur. 

Ilerlxi  perennis,  glaber.  Rliizoma  repens,  bre viter  stoloniferum, 
surculis  sterilibus  praeditum.  Caules  erecti,  simplices,  5 *4-6 -2  dm. 
alti,  basi  6-8  mm.  superne  1-4  mm.  diametro,  internodiis  sursum 
longioribus  4*5-20  cm.  longis  (pedunculo  excepto)  teretibus  longi- 
tudinaliter  striatis  sub  nodis  viscosis.  Folia  oblanceolata,  vel  suprema 
elliptico-lanceolata,  acuta  vel  ima  obtusa,  suprema  bre  viter  acuminata , 
inferne  gradatim  angustata,  basi  in  vaginam  5-12  mm.  longam  inter- 
nodii  basin  libere  amplectentcm  connata,  ima  6  cm.  longa  et  2  cm. 
lata,  media  usque  ad  16*4  cm.  longa  et  3  cm.  lata,  suprema  6  cm. 
longa  et  1*8  cm.  lata  vel  minora,  laete  virentia,  integra  vel  parce 
minute  denticulata,  costa  nervisque  supra  inconspicuis  infra  sub- 
prominentibus,  nervis  lateralibus  e  costa  angulo  valde  acuto  excur- 
rentibus.  Cyma  terminalis,  multi-  (20-40-)  flora,  3-3*5  cm.  diametro, 
capituliformis,  floribus  fere  sessilibus ;  bracteae  exteriores  involu- 
crantes,  ovato-lanceolatae  vel  lanceolatae,  plus  minusve  scarioso- 


2 


membranaceae,  apice  attenuato-  vel  cuspidato-acuminatae,  circiter 
2  cm.  longae  et  0*8  cm.  latae  ;  interiores  lincari-lanceolatae,  4-5  mm. 
longae  vel  breviores  ;  pedunculus  2-2*7  dm.  longus.  Calyx  clavatus, 
1*4  cm.  longus,  superne  rubens,  dentibus  ovato-lanceolatis  apice 
subulato-attenuatis  3-4  mm.  longis.  Petala  oblanceolato-  vel  oblongo- 
spathulata,  apice  fere  truncata  vel  crenulato-truncata,  inferne  in  unguem 
sensim  attenuata,  1*2  cm.  longa,  1*75  mm.  lata,  squamis  coronae 
2  brevissimis  praedita.  Stamina  subinaequalia ;  filamcnta  alterna 
petalis  basi  adnata,  8  et  10  mm.  longa;  antherae  1*5  mm.  longae. 
Ovarium  cylindricum,  4*5  mm.  longum,  1*75  mm.  diametro ;  styli 
6*5  mm.  longi ;  carpophorum  circiter  6  mm.  longum.  Capsula  inferior 
clavato-cylindrica,  6  mm.  longa,  dentibus  6  ovatis  exsiccando  superne 
valde  recurvis  1*5  mm.  longis  instructa  ;  carpophorum  5  mm.  longum. 

South  Macedonia.  Malka  Nidje,  west  of  Lake  Ostrovo,  1350- 
1500  in.,  Grisebach  ;  Pisoderion,  12  June  1932,  1230  m.,  swampy  spots 
in  upland  meadows  in  valley,  very  handsome  deep  crimson  flowers, 
Alston  and  Sandwith  811. 

This  very  distinct  species  is  endemic  in  the  central  parts  of  the  Balkan 
Peninsula.  It  appears  to  be  fairly  widespread  in  Bulgaria,  having 
been  recorded  from  the  Rila  Dagh,  Stara  Planina,  Sredna  gora,  Osogovo, 
and  Plana  Planina.  In  Serbia  it  is  known  from  Vlasina,  Ostrozub, 
and  Kopaonik.  In  Northern  Macedonia,  Bornmuller  found  it  on  the 
Gole§nica  and  Dudica  Planinas  and  on  Peristeri,  while  KoSanin  lists 
it  from  Jakupica.  Alston  and  Sandwith’s  specimens,  quoted  above, 
are  from  the  southern  limit  of  the  species,  so  far  as  known  at  present. 
The  records  from  Albania,  Montenegro,  and  Hercegovina  are  doubtful. 

Grisebach,  in  his  Spicilegium,  gives  the  habitat  and  locality  as  “  in 
regione  alpina  Macedoniae  :  socialis  in  pratis  humidis  juxta  rivulos  m. 
Nidg6  alt.  4400'-4870'  (substr.  marmor.)  (unde  descendit  cum  aquis 
nonnunquam  in  regionem  Pinus)  !  FI.  Jun.”  In  his  Reise,  ii.  166, 
the  plant  is  listed,  in  a  footnote,  as  Saponaria  Asterias  nov.  sp.  Reading 
pp.  163-174  of  this  most  interesting  book,  it  becomes  clear  that  Grise¬ 
bach  never  crossed  or  climbed  the  Nidje  (Nid2e  or  Nidge)  Planina  proper, 
as  the  name  is  now  applied,  and  which  rises  in  Mt.  Kaymakchalan 
to  2549  m.  (8284  ft.).  He  crossed  the  Malka  Nidje,  to  the  west  of 
Lake  Ostrovo,  from  Zejjen  (Chegan)  to  Cruscherat  (probably  Krusho- 
grad).  Grisebach’s  specimen  at  Kew  is  written  up  “  Scardus,”  but 
this  is  certainly  erroneous  if,  as  is  generally  held,  the  name  Scardus 
should  be  accepted  as  synonymous  with  that  of  the  Shar  Planina. 

S.  Asterias  appears  to  be  limited  to  the  zones  from  the  damp  upland 
to  the  subalpine  meadows,  most  often  at  between  1200  and  1700  m. 
altitude,  though  Bornmuller  records  it  from  1000  m.  on  the  Dudica 
Planina.  No  close  relationship  can  be  traced  for  the  species  except 
that  with  S.  compacta  Fisch.,  which  has  a  much  wider  distribution  than 
S.  Asterias  and  is  a  commoner  plant.  The  geographical  ranges  of  the 
two  species  overlap  in  Bulgaria  and  Macedonia,  but  that  of  S .  Asterias 


3 


is  on  the  whole  the  more  north-western  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula. 
S.  compacta  extends  widely  outside  the  Peninsula  to  Syria,  Asia  Minor, 
and  the  Caucasus  as  well  as  northwards  to  the  Banat  and  Transsilvania, 
and  within  the  Peninsula  occurs  generally  at  lower  altitudes.  Since 
the  perennial  habit  of  S.  Asterias  is  an  important  (i.e.  a  constant) 
taxonomic  character  and  is  undoubtedly  correlated  with  the  habitat 
conditions  under  which  the  plant  grows,  one  may  postulate  an  ecotypical 
segregation  of  S.  Asterias  from  the  more  widely  spread  S.  compacta . 

W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fiq.  1,  entire  plant,  xj;  2,  lower  part  of  plant,  natural  size  ;  3,  peduncle  and 
inflorescence,  natural  size ;  4,  flower,  x  2  ;  5,  section  of  flower  (calyx  removed), 
x  2 ;  6,  petal  and  stamen,  x  4 ;  7,  gynoecium,  x  6 ;  8,  soaked  capsule  (calyx 
opened),  x  2 ;  9,  seeds,  x  12. 


5227 


Tabula  3227. 

SILENE  VENTRICOSA  Adamovi6. 

Caryophyllaceae.  Tribus  Sileneae. 

S.  ventricosa  Adatrwvi6  in  Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  lv.  180  (1905) ; 
Hayek,  Prodr.  FI.  Penins.  Balcan.  i.  278  (1924) ;  a  S.  Roemeri  Friv! 
caulibus  basi  sublignescentibus,  surculis  foliiferis  numerosis,  calyce 
pruinoso-puberulo  distinguitur. 


Herba  perennis,  basi  caespitosa,  multicaulis,  caulibus  inferne  sub¬ 
lignescentibus  ramulos  steriles  dense  foliatos  subrepentes  edentibus, 
floriferis  erectis  (15-)23-30  cm.  altis  simplicibus  tenuibus  dense 
puberulis.  Folia  radicalia  fere  rosulata,  elongato-  vel  spathulato- 
obovata,  obtusa  vel  leviter  apiculata,  in  petiolum  attenuata,  2-4*5  cm. 
longa,  0*4-1  *5  cm.  lata,  utrinque  dense  puberula  ;  caulina  diminuta, 
remota,  lineari-lanceolata  vel  fere  linearia,  acuta  vel  suprema  attenuata' 
basi  1*5  mm.  connato-amplexicaulia,  inferne  longe  ciliata,  suprema 
et  albo-marginata  et  ciliata,  1-3*7  cm.  longa,  1-5  mm.  lata.  Cyma 
ovata,  fere  capitata,  compacta  vel  imo  tantum  verticillastro  remo- 
tiusculo  2*3-3*6  cm.  longa,  1*5  cm.  dia metro  ;  bracteae  ovatae^el 
lanceolato-ovatae,  in  apicem  attenuatae,  5-8  mm.  longae,  1-5-3  mm 
latee,  puberulae,  inferne  praecipue  ciliatae.  Calyx  ovatus,  ventricoso- 
infla,tus,  pruinoso-puberulus,  10-nervius,  usque  ad  7  mm.  longus 
4  5  6  mm.  diametro,  dentibus  obtusis  vel  subobtusis  fere  2  mm  longis 

rune^mms  a**  Ut®  “embranaceis  ciliatis.  Petaki  alba,  oblanceolato- 
cuneata,  8  9-5  mm.  longa,  2-25  mm.  lata,  unguibus  valde  ciliato- 
arbatis,  lamina  biloba  lobis  1-1  -5  mm.  longis.  Stamina  (in  floribus,?) 
damentis  2-5-7  mm.  longis  hirsutis  (inferne  praecipue)  antheris 
lon&18  P^edita.  Ovarium  (in  floribus  ?)  oblongum,  circiter 
.  '  °n8um>  \'5  mm-  diametro,  glabrum  ;  stigmata  tria,  4-5  mm. 

longa.  G apsula  (ex  Adamomi)  ovata,  4  mm.  longa,  3  mm.  diametro, 
carpophoro  incrassato  circiter  1  mm.  longo  suffulta. 


193->UTH  Macedonia-  Mountains  above  Pisoderion,  1850  m.,  2  July 
an j  ’.,°n  f-'ratllte  rocks  and  in  turf  on  summit  ridges  between  Kibanitsa 
m  R  i"  '  uS°-slavian  frontier,  Alston  and  Sandwith  1096;  in  alpinis 
\  at)a  1  lanina  (loc.  cl.),  July  1904,  O.  Bierljach  (Herb.  Mus.  Brit.). 

,  ALII''fW'  Gramos  Mts.,  bushy  slope  (sandstone),  1380  m.,  27  June 
•  ■  •  ,  Alston  and  Sandwith  1937  ;  Ostrovice  Range,  on  grassy  sandstone 
slopes,  2000  m.,  4  July  1933,  Alston  and  Sandwith  2079. 


2 


Adamovi<5  collected  the  type  material  of  this  species  “  in  graminosis 
praealpinis  et  sulmlpinis  montis  Baba  Planina  Macedoniae  australis. ” 
Alston  and  Sandwith  collected  their  first  (1932)  excellent  flowering 
material  in  what  is  essentially  the  southern  part  of  the  Baba  Planina. 
Later  material,  collected  by  them  in  1933,  came  from  farther  west  in 
southern  Albania.  The  1932  material  has  only  female  flowers,  whilst 
both  the  1933  numbers  consist  of  plants  with  male  flowers,  that  is 
to  say,  the  flowers  have  fully  developed  stamens  but  a  reduced  and 
probably  non-functional  gynoecium. 

Some  of  Adamovi6’s  measurements  do  not  tally  with  those  obtained 
from  Alston  and  Sandwith’s  material — notably  the  calyx,  which  is 
given  by  him  as  “  4-5  mm.  longus,  3-5-4  mm.  latus,”  and  the  petals 
as  “  5-6  mm.  x  2  mm.”  The  new  specimens  show  a  greater  range 
in  leaf  shape  and  size,  especially  in  maximum  dimensions,  than  is 
indicated  in  the  original  description.  Adamovi<5  contrasts  the  species 
with  S.  olyrnpica  Boiss.,  a  species  from  Asia  Minor  and  not  known  from 
the  Balkan  Peninsula.  This  belongs  to  the  same  group  of  the  Oiiles 
section  as  S.  ventricosa ,  which  appears  to  be  at  least  as  close  morpho¬ 
logically  to  S.  Roemeri  Friv.,  a  species  widely  spread  through  the 
central  parts  of  the  Balkan  Peninsula.  Typical  S.  Sendtneri  Boiss. 
has  entire  petals  (“  petalis  .  .  .  ovato-oblongis  obtusis  ”)  but  Beck 
(Glasnik  xviii.  21 :  1906)  describes  a  var.  (vel  forma)  emarginata  with 
emarginate  petals  from  Bosnia,  and  similar  material  has  been  collected 
in  northern  Albania.  Indeed,  I  suspect  that  S.  Roemeri ,  S.  Sendtneri , 
S.  ventricosa ,  and  perhaps  other  members  of  the  Otites  group  in  the 
Balkan  Peninsula  are  not  sharply  distinguishable  one  from  another, 
although  most  specimens  can  be  definitely  placed.  It  is  not  possible 
to  determine  the  significance  of  this  from  a  study  of  herbarium  material 
only.  With  regard  to  Thessalian  material  I  am  inclined  to  regard 
Sintenis ,  Iter  thessalicum  1896,  No.  817b,  from  Mt.  Zygos,  as  S.  ventri¬ 
cosa  Adamovid  and  Hausskneckt ,  Iter  Graecum  1885,  from  Mt.  Zygos, 
above  Metzovo,  as  either  the  same  or  as  intermediate  between  S.  ventri¬ 
cosa  and  S.  Roemeri. 

It  should  also  be  noted  that  Alston  and  Sandwith  describe  the  calyx- 
teeth  as  “  purple.”  In  their  dried  material  from  all  three  localities 
the  calyx-teeth  and  the  upper  parts  of  the  calyx-tube,  especially 
on  the  adaxial  sides,  are  of  a  deep  reddish  purple.  Adamovi6  in  the 
original  description  of  S.  ventricosa  says  “  calyce  .  .  .  albido,”  and 
again  “  calycis  fabrica  toto  coelo  abhorret,”  and  Bierbach’s  material 
in  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History)  herbarium  agrees  with  these 
statements. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fig.  1,  part  of  a  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  part  of  lower  surface  of  leaf,  x  8  ;  3,  male 
flower,  x  4  ;  4,  petal  and  stamen  of  male  flower,  x  4  ;  5,  androecium  and  abortive 
gynoecium  of  male  flower,  with  one  stamen  removed,  x  4  ;  6,  female  flower,  x  4  ; 
7,  petal  and  staminode  of  female  flower,  x  4 ;  8,  abortive  androecium,  and 
gynoecium  of  female  flower,  x  4. 


3228 


Tabula  3228. 

LYCHNIS  SUBINTEGRA  (Hayek)  Turrill 

Caryophyllaceae.  Tribus  Sileneae. 

L.  subintegra  (Hayek)  Turrill ,  status  novus.  Lychnis  Cyrilli  Degen 
et  Dorfl.  in  Denkschr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Math.-Naturwiss.  Cl.  lxiv. 
13  (1897) ;  Stoyanoff  in  God.  Sofij.  Univ.  xv.-xvi.  88  (1918-1920) ; 
Velen.  Reliq.  Mrkviftk.  7  (Prague,  1922) ;  nonRicht.exReichb.Icon.vi. 
55  (1844).  L.  Flos-cuculi  L.  subsp.  Cyrilli  Velen.  FI.  Bulg.  57  (1891) ; 
Vandas,  Reliq.  Formanek.  58  (1909).  L.  Flos-cuculi  L.  var.  Cyrilli 
Polak  in  Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  xliii.  379  (1893) ;  Stoyanoff  et  Stefanoff, 
FI.  Bulg.  383  (1924).  L.  Flos-cuculi  L.  subsp.  subintegra  Hayek  in 
Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  lxx.  14  (1921),  in  Denkschr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien, 
Math.-Naturwiss.  Cl.  xcix.  120(1924),  etin  Prodr.  FI.  Penins.  Balcan. 
i.  288  (1924).  L.  Cyrilli  Richt.  ex  Reichb.  subsp.  subintegra  Bornra. 
in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  lix.  411  (1924).  L.  Flos-cuculi  Hal.  Consp.  FI. 
Graec.  i.  151  (1900)  pro  parte,  non  L.— A  L.  Flos-cuculi  L.  petalis 
albis  vel  pallide  roseo-lilacino-suffusis  multo  brevioribus  subintegris 
leviter  quadrilobatis  recedit. 

Herba  perennis,  erecta,  usque  ad  6-7  dm.  alta,  fere  glabra.  Caules 
1-4,  longitudinahter  sulcati,  angulis  leviter  retrorso-hispidis  praecipue 
infra  nodos.  Folia  caulina  basi  in  vaginam  0-5-3  mm.  longam 
connata,  lineari-lanceolata  vel  lineari-oblanceolata,  superne  saepissime 
angustata,  apice  subobtusa,  basi  abrupte  leviter  angustata,  sessilia 
lnfenora  3-6-5  cm.  longa  et  0-5-1 -2  cm.  lata,  superiora  gradatim 
breviora  angustioraque  et  in  bracteas  transeuntia,  costa  prominente 
nervis  lateralibus  indistinctis.  1  njlorescenlia  3-multiflora;  pedicelli 
usque  ad  4 •  6  cm.  longi,  plerumque  multo  breviores  ;  bracteae  inferiores 
anguste  lineares,  superiores  lanceolatae,  acutae,  margine  ciliatae  et 
plus  minusve  membranaceae.  Calyx  anguste  campanulatus,  0-9  cm. 
longus,  apice  0-6  cm.  diametro,  dentibus  ovato-triangularibus  3  mm. 
ongm  et  usque  ad  2*75  mm.  latis  margine  membranaceis  glanduloso- 
( l  latis.  Petala  alba,  squamis  coronae  pallide  lilacinis  exceptis,  vel 
pa  K(»  roseo-lilacino-suflusa,  circiter  1-2-1 -6  cm.  longa,  lamina 
>  b  mm.  lata  leviter  quadrilobata  ;  squamae  coronae  lanceolatae, 
valde  acutae  vel  acuminatae,  2-3  mm.  longae,  plus  minusve  dentatae. 
Stamina  9  (an  semper  ?),  filamentis  5-7  mm.  longis,  antheris  1-75  mm. 
Jongis.  Ovarium  elongato-ellipsoideum,  4  mm.  longum,  2-5  mm. 


2 


diametro ;  styli  5,  4  •  5  mm.  longi ;  gynophorum  1  mm.  longum.  Capsula 
anguste  ellipsoideo-ovoidea,  9  mm.  longa,  4  mm.  diametro,  dentibus  5 
anguste  triangularibus  1  •  5  mm.  longis instructa  ;  carpophorum  1  •  5  mm. 
longum.  Semina  complanata,  reniformia  vel  suborbicularia,  tubercu- 
lata. 

Thessaly.  Pindus  tymphaeus,  Said  Pascha,  in  prat,  humidis, 
9  July  1896,  Sintenis  814. 

Albania.  District  of  Moskopole,  west  of  Kor$e :  Moskopole, 
1170  m.,  wet  meadow,  July  1933,  Alston  and  Sandwith  2019. 

North  Macedonia.  In  locis  paludosis  prope  Allchar,  16  June  1893, 
Dorfler  78. 

South  Macedonia.  Armensko,  in  meadows  and  hayfields  in  the 
bottom  of  the  valley,  1000  m.,  2  June  1932,  Alston  and  Sandwith  621. 

Bulgaria.  In  pratis  ad  Dragalevtzi  non  procul  a  Sofia,  24  May 
1915,  Stoyanoff. 

Lychnis  Cyrilli  Richt.  ex  Reichb.  was  named  (p.  55)  and  figured 
(t.  cccvi.  fig.  5129b)  in  Reichenbach’s  leones  in  1844  and  described 
(in  synonymy)  by  Rohrbach  in  Linnaea  xxxvi.  182  (1869).  It  is  said 
in  these  publications  to  grow  near  Tergestum  (Trieste),  in  Sicily,  near 
Idria,  and  near  Belgrade.  Specimens  at  Kew  are  from  “  near  Rome,” 
“  Napoli  (nella  valle  di  S.  Rocco),”  and  Corsica.  It  is  characterized 
chiefly  by  its  slender  pedicels,  and  Briquet  (Prodr.  FI.  Corse,  i.  565  : 
1910)  will  not  sustain  it  even  as  a  variety  of  L.  Flos-cuculi  L.  Degen 
and  Dorfler  were  apparently  the  first  authors  to  associate,  wrongly, 
the  plant  here  figured  and  described  with  L.  Cyrilli  Richt.  ex  Reichb. 
Under  one  or  another  combination  the  epithet  Cyrilli  has  been  used  by 
many  authors  writing  on  the  flora  of  the  Balkan  Peninsula,  even  since 
Hayek  pointed  out  its  inaccuracy  in  1921. 

Some  justification  must  be  given  for  raising  Hayek’s  subspecies  to 
full  specific  rank.  In  addition  to  the  specimens  quoted  above,  all  of 
which  are  in  the  Herbarium  at  Kew,  the  following  records  may  be 
accepted  as  most  probably  representing  our  plant :  NidSe-Gebirge  : 
zwischen  Al§ar  und  dem  Tribor,  auf  feuchten  Wiesen,  800-1000  m. 
(25  Juni  1918  ;  Scheer),  and  Peristeri-Gebiet :  bei  Dolenci,  auf  Wiesen 
haufig,  800  m.  (Juni  1918  ;  Gross  n.  225),  recorded  by  Bornmiiller  in 
Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  lix.  411  (1924).  Albania  :  in  pratis  montanis  inter 
Trektani  et  Kruma,  ca  600-700  m.  s.m.,  leg.  Dorfler,  recorded  by 
Hayek  in  Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  lxx.  14  (1921).  Bulgaria:  Wiesen 
bei  Knezewo,  recorded  by  Polak  in  Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  xliii.  379 
(1893) ;  Kamenicki  Alcek  in  mt.  Rh.  Bg.  (xi.  95),  recorded  by  Vandas, 
Reliq.  Formanek.  58  (1909) ;  and  Belasitza  Planina,  in  a  damp  meadow, 
near  the  village  of  Gabrovo,  with  flowers  23*7*1917,  recorded  by 
Stoyanoff  in  God.  Sofij.  Univ.  xv.-xvi.  88  (1918-1920).  It  will  be 
noticed  that  the  plant  is  limited,  so  far  as  is  known,  to  the  Balkan 
Peninsula,  where  it  occupies  a  fairly  extensive  but  relatively  continuous 
area  in  the  central  parts  including  Thessaly,  Albania,  North  and  South 


3 


Macedonia,  and  western  Bulgaria  (with  the  Rodopes).  Lychnis  Flos- 
cuculi  L.  has,  of  course,  a  much  wider  general  distribution,  but  one 
which  probably  overlaps  that  of  L.  subintegm  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula. 
It  is  agreed  that  the  morphological  characters  distinguishing  L.  sub¬ 
integm  from  L.  Flos-cuculi  are  few,  and  might,  indeed,  be  correlated 
with  a  single  gene  difference  or  at  most  a  few  gene  differences.  On 
the  other  hand  Sandwith  and  Alston  have  informed  the  writer  in  very 
definite  terms  that  L.  subintegm  forms  an  entity  most  distinct  in  the 
field,  in  southern  Albania  and  South  Macedonia,  from  L.  Flos-cuculi, 
with'  which  they  never  found  it  associated.  In  addition  to  the  charac¬ 
ters  noted  in  the  differential  diagnosis,  it  seems,  from  dried  material, 
that  the  texture  of  the  petals  may  be  thicker  in  L.  subintegm  than  in 
L  Flos-cuculi.  Alston  and  Sandwith  also  noted  that  the  petal  laminae 
lie  in  a  markedly  flat  plane  in  the  living  flowers.  It  is  uncertain  from 
available  material  if  the  short  gynophore,  slightly  extended  as  a 
carpophore  in  the  fruit,  has  any  real  diagnostic  value.  The  known 
distribution  and  the  field  evidence  suggest  that  a  status  higher  than 
that  of  variety  should  be  given  to  our  plant.  This  is  not  the  place  to 
enter  upon  a  discussion  of  the  ambiguous  term  “  subspecies  ”  and  it 
must  suffice  to  point  out  that  those  who  wish  to  retain  L.  subintegm 
within  the  species  L.  Flos-cuculi  can  use  Hayek’s  combination. 

W.  B.  Turrill. 


Fio.  1,  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  calyx,  x  3 ;  3,  petal,  x  3 ;  4,  androecium  and 
gynoecium,  x  3  ;  5,  oalyx  and  capsule,  x  2  ;  6,  seed,  x  16. 


6229 


Tabula  3229. 

STACHYS  SERBICA  Pant. 

Labiatae.  Tribus  Stachydeae. 

S.  serbica  Paul f.  FI.  Princip.  Serb.  563-4  (1874) ;  Nyman  Consp.  FI. 
Eur.  579  (1881)  ;  Hausskn.  in  Mitt.  Tliiir.  Bot.  Yer.  N.  F.  xi.  43  (1897) ; 
Hal.  Consp.  FI.  Graec.  ii.  531  (1902) ;  Podpera  in  Verh.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges. 
Wien,  lii.  672  (1902) ;  Degen  in  Math.  u.  Naturw.  Ber.  Ungarn,  xix. 
369  (1904)  ;  Stoyanoff  et  Stefanoff,  Flor.  Bulg.  949  (1925) ;  Hayek, 
Prodr.  FI.  Penins.  Balcan.  ii.  301  (1929) ;  a  S.  htrta  L.  et  S.  arvensi  L. 
floribus  capitatis  vel  inflorescentia  verticillastris  perpaucis  praedita 
differt ;  a  priore  corolla  purpurea,  a  posteriore  calycis  dentibus  longi- 
oribus  angustioribus  facile  distinguitur. 

Ilerba  annua,  7—30  cm.  alta.  Cauhs  erectus,  simplex  vel  inferne 
raraosus,  tetragonus,  subpatule  reflexo-hirsutus,  praecipue  infra  nodos. 
Folia  oblongo-ovata  vel  raro  ovata,  obtusiuscula,  parum  cordata, 
1  *3-3-5  cm.  longa,  0*8-2  cm.  lata,  manifeste  crenato-dentata,  dentibus 
obtusiusculis  in  foliis  floralibus  paullo  acutioribus,  utrinque  adpresse 
vel  subadpresse  hirta,  nervis  in  pagina  superiore  inconspicuis,  in  pagina 
inferiore  prominentibus,  inferiora  petiolo  usque  ad  2*8  cm.  longo 
patule  hirsuto,  superiora  petiolo  gradatim  breviore,  folia  verticil  last ros 
subtendentia  petiolo  1-3  mm.  longo  instructa.  Verticillastra  terminalia 
2-l()-flora,  capitulum  subglobosum  formantia,  verticillastris  inferioribus 
saepe  nullis  interdum  5-7-floris ;  bracteae  lanceolatae  vel  anguste 
lanceolatae,  acute  attenuatae,  demuin  spinulosae  vel  subspinulosae, 
8-9*5  mm.  longae,  1*75-3  mm.  longae,  longe  pilosae.  Calyx  tubuloso- 
campanulatus,  extra  pilosus,  1*3  cm.  longus,  dentibus  oblongo-lanceo- 
latis  superne  sensim  angustatis  apice  spinuloso-acuminatis  6  mm.  longis 
basi  1*75-2  mm.  latis  utrinque  pilosis,  fructifer  accretus,  rigidulus, 
campanulatus,  crebre  nervulosus,  dentibus  rigidis  subpatentibus  leviter 
recurvis  spinescentibus.  Corolla  purpurea,  1  *7  cm.  longa,  tubo  anguste 
cylindrico  1*1  cm.  longo  fauce  leviter  ampliato  breviter  pubescente, 
a  >us  extra  pubescentibus  ;  labium  superius  ellipticum,  4  mm.  latum, 
mterdum  leviter  emarginatum  ;  labium  inferius  trilobatum  lobo  medio 
ere  ^  mrn-  lato  lobis  lateralibus  fere  2  mm.  latis.  Filamenta  adaxialia 
l  lnm*»  abaxialia  3  mm.  longa,  glabra  vel  fere  glabra.  Stylus  1  *4  cm. 
A^n^US’  8UI)erne  praecipue  latere  abaxiali  pubescens,  inferne  glaber. 
Nuculae  compresso-trigono-ovatae,  3*75  mm.  longae,  2*5  mm.  diametro, 
casta  neo-fuscae. 


2 


Thessaly.  Agrapha  (Dolopia  veterum) :  in  reg.  infer,  m.  Pindi 
circa  monasterium  Korona,  in  nemorosis  quercinis  alt.  1080-1140  m. 
substratu  schistoso,  Junio  1885,  Haussknecht. 

Albania.  District  of  Gjinokastre,  above  Gjinokastre,  June  1933, 
770  m.,  open  stony  slopes  of  Mali  Gjer,  usually  around  low  bushes, 
Alston  and  Sandwith  1544 ;  Qajup  (Mali  Lunxheries),  June  1933, 
1230  m.,  stony  bush  ground  by  the  meadow,  Alston  and  Sandwith  1576  ; 
Nemer^ka  Range,  above  Biovishde,  1400  in.,  June  1933,  Alston  and 
Sandwith  1849  ;  above  Leskovik,  June  1933,  1230  m.,  bare  rocky 
limestone  slopes  of  Melesin,  Alston  and  Sandwith  2250  ;  Moskopole, 
west  of  Kor^e,  1400  m.,  June  1933,  stony  sandstone  bush  slopes  near 
the  Hagios  Prodromos  Monastery,  Alston  and  Sandwith  2007. 

North  Macedonia.  Troi'aci,  near  Prilep,  May  1917,  T.  Nikoloff. 

South  Macedonia.  Pisoderion,  stony  slopes  in  open  beech-woods 
near  Hagia  Trias  Monastery,  very  local,  1230  m.,  Alston  and  Sandwith 
584. 

Bulgaria.  In  aridis  calcareis  ad  Karaseli,  Maio  1926,  N.  Stoyanojf. 

Serbia.  Alexinatz,  waechst  auf  Aeckern,  April  1870,  Pan&io . 

Stachys  serbica  is  a  very  distinct  species  endemic  in  a  fairly  well- 
marked  area  practically  in  the  centre  of  the  Balkan  Peninsula.  In 
addition  to  the  localities  given  above,  PodpSra  records  the  species 
from  a  light  oak-wood  on  dry  forest  soil  northwards  of  Haskovo,  in 
South  Bulgaria.  Although  it  is  morphologically  nearest  to  S.  arvensis 
L.  (Glecorna  arvensis  L.)  it  is  certainly  not  a  mere  doubtful  segregate 
from  this.  Rather  it  appears  to  be  a  relict  type  of  natural  open  wood¬ 
lands  whose  widespread  destruction  by  man  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula 
may  well  have  reduced  and  restricted  the  area  of  distribution  of 
S.  serbica  in  an  artificial  manner,  and  may  certainly  be  a  cause  of  its 
relative  rarity  within  the  known  contours  of  its  present  territory.  It 
may  be  noted  that  while  Pan£i6  records  the  plant  “  auf  Aeckern  ” 
(label  in  Herb.  Kew.),  most  other  collectors  whose  labels  or  records 
have  been  traced  describe  the  habitat  as  forest  of  oak  or  beech. 

W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  part  of  leaf,  lower  surface,  x  4 ;  3,  bract,  x  3 ; 
4,  calyx,  x  3  ;  5,  anterior  half  of  corolla,  x  3;  6,  posterior  half  of  corolla,  with 
stamens,  x  3;  7,  gynoecium,  x  3  ;  8,  ovary,  x  12 ;  9,  nutlet,  x  4. 


_ 


Tabula  3230. 

MICROMERTA  FORMOSANA  Marquand. 

Labiatae.  Tribus  Saturejeae. 

M.  formosana  Marquand  ;  species  nova  inter  asiaticas  distinctissima, 
a  M.  Wardii  Marquand  et  Airy-Shaw  habitu  multo  breviore  ramoso, 
foliis  minoribus,  calyce  corollaque  multo  minoribus,  bracteolarum 
absentia  recedens. 

lierba  perennis,  usque  12  cm.  alta.  Cattle*  erecti  vel  adscendentes, 
ramosi,  teretes,  rubro-purpurascentes,  sparse  crispule  pubescentes. 
Rosula  basalts  nulla.  Folia  caulina  petiolata,  ovata,  subobtusa,  basi 
subcuneata,  usque  7  mm.  longa  et  5  mm.  lata,  supra  scaberula,  utrinque 
glandulis  depressis  punctata  ;  petioli  2-3  mm.  longi,  scaberuli.  In- 
Jlorescentiae  pauciflorae,  caulem  et  ramulos  laterales  terminantes ; 
bracteae  foliiformes  ;  bracteolae  nullae  ;  pedicelli  graciles,  puberuli, 
vix  1  mm.  longi.  Calyx  cylindrico-infundibularis,  purpurascens, 
puberulus,  2 *5-3  mm.  longus,  fauce  1  mm.  diametro,  glandulis  numerosis 
minutis  sessilibus  aureo-nitentibus  obsitus,  fauce  pilis  longis  albis 
praeditus  ;  dentes  quinque,  ovato-deltoidei,  subacuti,  usque  1  mm. 
longi.  Corolla  pallide  violacea,  5-7  mm.  longa,  extra  pubescens* 
glandulis  paucis  minutis  sessilibus  aureo-nitentibus  vel  hyalinis  obsita, 
labio  superiore  ovato  bilobato  circiter  2-5  mm.  diametro,  labio  inferiore 
trilobato  lobis  subrotundatis  circiter  1-5  mm.  diametro.  Stamina 
didynama,  anteriora  labio  superiore  subbreviora,  posteriora  faucem 
tubi  vix  superantia  ;  filamenta  glabra  ;  antherarum  lobi  divaricati. 
Discus  aequalis.  Ovarium  breviter  quadrilobatum.  Nuculi  ellipsoideo- 
oblongi,  laeves,  vix  0*5  mm.  longi.  Stylus  filiformis,  8  mm.  longus. 

F ormosa.  Described  from  a  living  plant  grown  in  the  Royal  Botanic 
Gardens,  Kew,  from  seed  received  from  Mr.  K.  Yashiroda  (No.  31). 

This  is  the  only  species  of  Micromeria  known  from  the  island  of 
Formosa. — C.  V.  B.  Marquand. 

Ho.  1,  part,  of  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  upper  surface  of  leaf,  showing  glands  and 
hairs,  x  6  ;  3,  flower  w  ith  subtending  bract,  lateral  view',  x  4  ;  4,  flower,  front 
\a*w\  x  4;  5,  calyx,  x  8 ;  6,  interior  of  calyx,  and  gynoecium,  x  8 ;  7,  anterior 
part  of  corolla  (flattened  out),  showing  insertion  of  stamens,  x  8  ;  8,  posterior  part 
of  corolla,  x  8;  9,  anther,  ventral  view,  x  16;  10,  anther,  dorsal  view,  x  16; 
11,  lower  part  of  gynoecium  and  disk,  x  16. 


— 


6231 


Tabula  3231. 

HOMOPHOLIS  BELSONII  C.  E .  Hubbard. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Panice ae. 

Homopholis  C.  E.  Hubbard  in  Kew  Bulletin,  1934,  126  ;  genus 
LeptoUmati  Chase  affine,  sed  gluma  inferiore  spiculae  aequilonga  vel 
paullo  breviore  arete  7-nervi,  anthoecio  supero  infero  multo  breviore 
lemmate  superiore  apice  calloso  differt. 

Spiculae  omnes  similes,  dorso  anguste  lanceolatae  vel  lineari-lanceo- 
latae,  acutae,  muticae,  dorso  compressae,  abaxiales,  solitariae,  longe 
pedicellatae,  demuni  totae  a  pedicellis  persistentibus  disarticulatae, 
in  ramis  longis  gracillimis  paniculae  ortae.  Anthoecia  duo  ;  inferum 
sterile,  ad  lemma  et  paleam  minutam  redactum  ;  superum  £,  infero 
multo  brevius.  Glumae  similes,  spiculae  aequilongae  vel  inferior  vel 
ambae  paullo  breviores,  lineari-  vel  anguste  oblongo-lanceolatae  et 
obtusae  (explanatae),  crebre  et  prominenter  7-nerves  herbaceae 
marginibus  angustis  hyalinis  ;  gluma  inferior  dorso  plana,  superior 
dorso  leviter  convexa.  Anthoecium  inferum  :  lemma  spiculae  aequi- 
longum  vel  paullo  brevius,  ambitu  anguste  lanceolatum,  sub- 
acuminatum,  marginibus  superne  involutis,  apice  obtusum,.  dorso 
planum,  explanatum  glumae  superiori  simile ;  palea  minuta,  biloba 
ve  emargmata,  hyalina.  Anthoecium  superum  anguste  elliptico- 
o  longum,  subapiculatum  :  lemma  late  ellipticum  (explanatum),  apice 
callosum,  tenuiter  5-7-nerve,  laeve,  chartaceum,  marginibus  latis 
tenuibus  planis  ;  palea  lemmati  aequilonga,  acuta,  dorso  plana,  2-nervis, 
marginibus  late  inflexis.  Lodiculae  duae,  minutissimae.  Stamina 
tria  ;  antherae  lineares.  Ovarium  glabrum  ;  styli  distincti,  terminales  ; 
stigmata  plumosa,  ex  apice  anthoecii  exserta.  Caryopsis  anguste 
elhpsoidea,  inter  lemma  et  paleam  arete  inclusa ;  scutellum  circiter 
junndiam  partem  caryopsis  aequans  ;  hilum  basale. — Gramen  perenne, 
^axe  caespitosum  ;  culmi  multinodes  ;  laminae  lineares,  planae  ;  ligulae 
ar)ni?lter  .mem^ranaceae  i  panicula  laxissima  ;  rami  longi,  plerumque 
superne  3-1-spiculati  ;  pedicel li  solitarii ;  spiculae  fere 

Species  unica,  Queenslandiae  incola. 

H.  Belsonii  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  l.c.  127.  Culmi  erecti  vel  plerumque 
tfeniculato-ascendentes,  nonnunquam  e  basi  prostrata  nodis  inferioribus 


2 


radicantibus,  usque  ad  40  cm.  alti,  gracillimi,  teretes,  basin  versus  laxe 
ramosi,  rigidiusculi,  usque  ad  9-nodes,  straminei,  glabri  laevesque. 
Folia  glabra;  vaginae  plerumque  internodiis  longiores,  teretes,  arete 
appressae  vel  demum  laxae,  laeves  ;  ligulae  truncatae,  usque  ad  1  •  5  mm. 
longae ;  laminae  basi  ieviter  contractae,  acutae,  usque  ad  8  cm. 
longae,  plerumque  2-2*5  mm.  latae,  subglaucae,  minute  scaberulae. 
Panicula  valde  effusa,  ambitu  latissime  obovata  vel  demum  latissime 
elliptica,  tandem  a  culmo  disarticulata,  usque  ad  25  cm.longa  et  20  cm. 
lata  ;  axis  primarius  gracillimus,  strictus,  angulatus  et  Ieviter  sulcatus, 
minute scaberulus  ;  rami  numerosi,  stricti,  rigidiusculi,  oblique  patentes, 
demum  horizontaliter  patentes  vel  Ieviter  deflexi,  solitarii  vel  2-3  ap¬ 
proximate  applanati  vel  subtriquetri,  marginibus  scabridis,  basi  in 
axillis  minute  pubescentes,  inferiores  usque  ad  15  cm.  longi,  superiores 
gradatim  breviores  ;  pedicelli  ramis  similes,  1*3-6  cm.  longi,  apice 
subdiscoidei.  Spiculae  4*5-6  mm.  longae,  atro-virides.  Gluma  inferior 
basi  serie  pilorum  minutissimorum  praedita,  nervis  superne  scaberulis  ; 
gluma  superior  inter  nervos  pilis  minutissimis  rigidis  instructa  ;  inter- 
nodium  rhachillae  inter  glumas  usque  ad  0*5  mm.  longura.  Lemma 
anthoecii  inferi  glumae  superiori  simile  vel  fere  glabrum  ;  palea  circiter 
0*5  mm.  longa.  Lemma  anthoecii  super  i  usque  ad  3  mm.  longum. 
Antherae  1*5  mm.  longae.  Caryopsis  2  mm.  longa. 

Queensland.  Darling  Downs  District :  head  of  Dogwood  Creek, 
east  of  Gurulmundi,  November  1930,  Belson. 

Homopholis  is  most  closely  allied  to  Leptoloma  Chase,  a  genus  repre¬ 
sented  in  North  America  by  L.  cognaium  (Schult.)  Chase  and  in  Northern 
Australia  by  L.  papposum  (R.Br.)  Hughes.  Leptoloma  cognaium  and 
Homopholis  Belsonii  are  indeed  very  similar  in  general  appearance,  but 
the  well-developed  lower  glume  and  comparatively  small  fertile  floret 
of  the  latter  readily  distinguish  it.  The  same  characters  and  in  ad¬ 
dition  the  paniculate  inflorescence  serve  to  separate  Homopholis  from 
Digitaria  Hall.  In  both  leptoloma  and  Ligitaria  the  lower  glume  is 
very  small  or  suppressed. 

This  species  commemorates  Mr.  E.  H.  Belson,  who,  whilst  engaged  on 
a  land-survey,  rendered  considerable  assistance  to  the  writer  in  collecting 
grasses  in  the  Leichhardt  District  of  Queensland.  The  name  Homo¬ 
pholis  was  given  in  allusion  to  the  three  similar  scales  of  the  spikelet. 

C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size  ;  2  and  3,  spikelet,  front  and  back  views  respectively, 
x  8 ;  4,  upper  glume,  x  8 ;  5,  lower  lemma,  x  8 ;  6,  palea  of  lower  tloret,  x  1(5 ; 
7,  upper  floret,  x  8 ;  8,  flower,  x  16 ;  9,  caryopsis,  x  10. 


SR-C. 


Tabula  3232. 

ORYZA  ATJSTRALIENSIS  Domin . 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Oryzeae. 

0.  australiensis  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85,  333  (1915) ; 
Roshev.  in  Bull.  Appl.  Bot.  Genet.  &  Pl.-Breed.  xxvii.  pt.  4,  45,  125, 
figs.  17b,  32,  33  (1931) ;  Chevalier  in  Rev.  Bot.  Appl.  et  Agric.  Trop. 
xii.  1016  (1932).  0.  saliva  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  Phyt.  Austral,  viii.  115 
(1873)  et  l.c.  xi.  130  (1882) ;  Benth.  FI.  Austral,  vii.  550(1878) ;  Maiden, 
Usef.  Nat.  PI.  Austral.  49  (1889);  F.  M.  Bailey,  Queensl.  FI.  vi.  1844 
(1902),  et  Compreh.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  612  (1913) ;  Ewart  &  Davies, 
FI  North.  Territ.  41  (1917) ;  omnes  partim,  non  Linn.— Species  affinis 
O.  sativae  Linn.  var.  fatxiae  Prain,  sed  perennis,  ligulis  brevioribus, 
paniculae  ramis  et  pedicellis  scabrido-ciliolatis,  gluniis  majoribus, 
lemmatis  arista  graciliore  subcapillari,  palea  apice  cuspidata  differt. 
Descriptio  hie  emendata. 

Gramen  perenne,  usque  ad  1*6  m.  altum  ;  rhizomata  repentia, 
gracilia,  usque  ad  3  mm.  diametro,  multinodia,  glabra,  cataphyllis 
brevibus  papyraceis  glabris  obtecta.  Cxdmi  fasciculati,  erecti  vel 
ascendentes,  validi,  teretes,  simplices,  4-5-nodes,  glabri  laevesque. 
Foliorum  vaginae  intemodiis  longiores,  usque  ad  45  cm.  longae,  laeves, 
glabrae  vel  *>re  pilis  paucis  rigidiusculis  pilosae ;  ligulae  3-6  mm. 
longae,  apice  totundatae  demum  laceratae  ;  laminae  lineares,  in  acumen 
tenue  attcnuatae,  usque  ad  65  cm.  longae  et  1*7  cm.  latae,  planae  vel 
conduplicatae,  firmae,  glabrae  vel  ligulam  versus  pilis  brevibus  sparsis 
pilosae,  supra  scaberulae,  subtus  laeves,  marginibus  cartilagineis 
scaberrimae.  Panicula  laxa,  oblonga,  e  vagina  summa  demum 
exserta,  20-45  cm.  longa,  multiramosa  ;  rhachis  basin  versus  laevis  vel 
leviter  scaberula,  superne  angulata  et  scaberrima  ;  rami  graciles,  in 
axillis  pubescentes,  angulati,  valde  scabrido-ciliolati,  inferne  ramulis 
brevibus  vel  simplices,  laxe  vel  dense  spiculati,  usque  ad  25  cm.  longi, 
lnferiores  subverticillati ;  pedicelli  inaequales,  1-8  mm.  longi,  scabrido- 
ciliolati.  Spiculae  oblongae,  oblique  acuminatae,  6-7*5  mm.  longae, 
albidae,  stramineae  vel  demum  fuscae.  Glumac  suborbiculares,  circiter 
0*5-0* 8  mm.  longae,  tenuiter  membranaceae,  enerves.  Lemmata 
steriha  lanceolata  vel  anguste  ovata  (explanata),  acuta,  1  *5-2*5  mm. 
longa,  coriacea,  laevia.  Lemma  fertile  oblongum,  in  aristam  flexuosain 
capillarem  usque  ad  4*5cm.longam  oblique  attenuatum, cartilagineum, 


2 


prominenter  5-nerve,  inter  nervos  depressum,  subtiliter  granuloso- 
striatum,  leviter  rugulosum,  nervis  et  carinis  pilis  rigidis  minutis  erectis 
praeditum.  Palea  lineari-lanceolata,  cuspidata  (cuspide  usque  ad 
2*5  mm.  longa),  carina  pilis  rigidis  minutis  scabrido-ciliolata.  Antherae 
3* 5-4* 5  mm.  longae.  Caryopsis  oblonga,  4-5  mm.  longa. 

Northern  Australia.  Sturt's  Creek,  Mueller  (type). 

Queensland.  Burke  District :  Normanton,  Wildash.  Cook  Dis¬ 
trict  :  Georgetown,  May  1914,  Green  ;  Gilbert  River,  Feb.  1922,  White 
1473  ;  Forest  Home  Station,  Gilbert  River,  1931,  Brass  1885  ;  without 
precise  locality,  Pollock. 

Domin,  when  describing  Oryza  australiensis  y  stated  that  his  descrip¬ 
tion  was  based  on  specimens  collected  by  Mueller  at  Sturt’s  Creek. 
This  type  material  is  in  the  Kew  Herbarium.  It  consists  of  four 
specimens,  each  without  the  base.  Three  of  the  four  represent  the  same 
species  and  are  taken  as  the  type  of  0.  australiensis  Domin  ;  the  fourth 
specimen,  however,  is  a  wild  variety  of  the  cultivated  rice  (=  0.  saliva 
L.  v&r.fatua  Prain).  The  measurements  of  the  ligule  of  the  latter  were 
unfortunately  included  in  the  original  description  of  0.  australiensis. 
This  accounts  for  the  length  of  that  organ  being  given  as  5  to  20  mm., 
whereas  it  is  only  3  to  6  mm.  long.  The  presence  of  two  wild  rices  at 
Sturt’s  and  Hooker’s  Creeks  was  noted  by  Mueller  (Fragm.  Phyt. 
Austral,  viii.  115),  who  stated  that  there  were  two  varieties,  one  with 
larger  spikelets  and  stouter  awns  and  the  other  with  almost  capillary 
awns  and  a  long-cuspidate  palea.  These  are  some  of  the  characters 
which  distinguish  0.  saliva  L.  var.  fatua  Prain  from  0.  australiensis 
Domin. 

The  perennial  habit  of  0.  australiensis  was  unknown  until  Mr.  L.  J. 
Brass  collected  an  excellent  series  of  specimens  at  Forest  Home  Station 
on  the  Gilbert  River.  These  show  a  well-developed  system  of  rhizomes. 

There  seems  no  doubt  that  Stapf's  interpretation  of  the  structure  of 
the  spikelet  of  Oryza  is  correct,  at  least  so  far  as  the  glumes  and  sterile 
lemmas  are  concerned  (see  Hook.  f.  in  Trimen,  FI.  Ceyl.  v.  182  :  1900, 
and  A.  Arber,  The  Gramineae,  184 :  1934).  The  glumes  in  0.  australiensis , 
although  very  small,  are  larger  and  more  distinct  than  in  any  other 
species  of  Oryza.  They  are  free  from  each  other,  the  lower  glume  being 
usually  slightly  larger,  whilst  its  margins  at  the  base  overlap  those  of  the 
upper.  The  internode  of  the  rhachilla  is  slightly  produced  above  the 
glumes  and  can  be  readily  seen  between  them. 

Roshevicz  (Bull.  Appl.  Bot.  Genet.  &  Pl.-Breed.  xxvii.  pt.  4,  125 : 
1931)  points  out  that  none  of  the  diagnostic  characters  seen  in  Oryza 
australiensis  Domin  are  met  with  in  any  of  the  cultivated  rices,  and  on 
this  account  he  supposes  that  it  has  played  no  part  in  the  formation  of 
any  varieties  or  groups  of  cultivated  rice. 

Oryza  australieims  probably  occurs  along  rivers  and  creeks  and  in 
swamps  throughout  northern  Australia.  In  Australian  literature  it  is 
usually  referred  to  as  a  wild  form  of  0.  saliva  L.  or  placed  under  that 


3 


species.  Mueller  (Fragm.  Phyt.  Austral,  viii.  1 15)  records  it  from  Sturt’s 
and  Hooker’s  Creeks  ;  later  (l.c.  xi.  130)  he  states  that  it  is  spontaneous 
and  abundant  in  the  Einasleigh  and  Herbert  Rivers,  where  it  was  col¬ 
lected  by  Armit.  Cowley  (Queensl.  Agric.  Journ.  i.  236  :  1897)  writes 
that  he  has  seen  the  native  wild  rice  of  Queensland  and  that  enormous 
flocks  of  wild  geese  indigenous  in  Northern  Queensland  build  their 
nests  in  places  adjacent  to  the  depressions  where  the  rice  grows,  choosing 
the  time  when  the  grain  will  be  ready  as  food  for  their  offspring.  F.  M. 
Bailey  first  refers  to  the  wild  rice  in  a  list  of  Queensland  grasses  pub¬ 
lished  in  1877.  He  mentions  that  his  only  specimen  is  from  Mr.  Gulliver, 
Normanton.  In  the  Queensland  Flora,  vi.  1844,  Bailey  points  out  that 
it  is  common  in  the  Gulf  Country  swamps  and  that  the  stockholders 
there  consider  it  an  excellent  fodder.  Later  (Compreh.  Cat.  Queensl. 
PI.  612)  he  notes  that  two  forms  of  wild  rice  are  met  with  in  the  tropical 
swamps  of  Queensland,  one  having  dark-  and  the  other  light-coloured 
inflorescences.  The  latter  is  without  doubt  0.  auslraliensis ,  whilst  the 
former  may  be  more  mature  specimens  of  that  species  or  specimens  of 
0.  sativa  L.  var .fatua  Prain. — C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Fig.  1,  entire  plant,  excluding  6  cm.  of  culm,  x  j  ;  2,  ligule,  x  3  ;  3,  spikelet, 
with  portion  of  awn  removed,  x  6  ;  4,  5  and  6,  glumes,  x  12 ;  7  and  8,  sterile 
lemmas,  x  6  ;  9,  stamens,  x  6;  10,  gynoeeium,  x  16 ;  11,  caryopsis,  x  6. 


cT £  33 


Tabula  3233. 

LEPTURUS  GEMINATUS  C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Leptureae. 

L.  geminatus  C.  E.  Hubbard  ;  species  nova,  affinis  L.  repenti  (Forst.) 
R.Br.,  sed  foliis  plerumque  pilosis,  spicis  submoniliformibus  breviori- 
bus,  spiculis  per  paria  oppositis  oblongis  vel  lanceolato-oblongis,  gluma 
superiore  longiaristata  dorso  convexa  minute  pubescente  differt. 

Gramen  perenne,  usque  ad  60  cm.  altum.  Culmi  e  basi  longa  pro- 
cumbente  ascendentes  vel  suberecti  et  laxe  caespitosi,  compressi, 
rigidiusculi,  ramosi,  4-6-nodes,  glabri  vel  internodio  supremo  pilosi, 
laeves  vel  nodos  versus  minute  scaberuli.  Folia  pilis  debilibus  e 
tuberculis  minutis  ortis  laxe  vel  sparse  pilosa  vel  fere  glabra  ;  vaginae 
laxae,  tenues,  internodiis  breviores,  compressae  et  carinatae,  minute 
scaberulae  ;  ligulae  truncatae,  brevissimae  ;  laminae  lineares,  tenuiter 
acutae,  usque  ad  18  cm.  longae  et  5  mm.  latae,  planae  vel  siccitate 
convolutae,  tenues,  subglaucae,  leviter  scaberulae.  Spica  submonili- 
formis,  gracilis,  2-4*5  cm.  longa  (aristis  inclusis),  viridis ;  rhacbis 
articulata,  internodiis  valde  compressis  5-6*5  mm.  longis  circiter 
2  ram.  latis  et  0*75  mm.  crassis,  lateribus  canaliculatis  minute 
pubescentibus.  Spiculae  per  paria  oppositae  (spicula  terminali  excepta), 
uni  florae  ;  callus  minute  et  dense  pubescens.  Gluma  inferior  in  spicula 
terminali  glumae  superiori  similis,  in  spiculis  lateralibus  nulla  ;  gluma 
superior  oblonga  vel  lanceolato-oblonga,  acuminata,  5-6  mm.  longa, 
apice  in  aristam  1—1*7  cm.  longam  scaberulam  products,  dorso  leviter 
convexa,  minute  et  dense  pubescens,  coriacea,  arete  multinervis. 
Anthoecium  ellipticum  :  rhachilla  products,  anthoecium  rudimentarium 
gerens  :  lemma  ovato-ellipticum  et  obtusum  vel  minute  truncatum 
(explanatum),  4-4*3  mm.  longum,  3-nerve,  membranaceum,  inter 
nervos  laterales  et  margines  et  apicem  versus  minute  pubescens  ;  palea 
o  ) longa,  obtusa,  lemma  subaequans,  2-nervis,  carinis  superne  ciliolatis; 
antlierae  2  mm.  longae. 

Queensland.  Cook  District:  Thursday  Island,  April  1931, 
Hoc  kings. 

tour  species  of  Lepturus  are  now  recorded  from  Australia.  They  are 
the  following  :  1.  Lepturus  geminatus  C.  E.  Hubbard  ;  2.  L.  repens 


2 


(Forst.)  R.Br.  (Northern  Australia,  Queensland,  Polynesia,  Malaya, 
Ceylon,  Mascarene  Islands  and  East  Africa  ;  on  sea-shores)  ;  3.  L.  xero- 
philus  Domin  (Queensland  ;  Cook  District) ;  4.  L.  cylindricus  (Willd.) 
Trin.  (Mediterranean  Region  ;  introduced  into  Australia,  South  Africa, 
North  America,  etc.).  Lepturus  incurvatus  (L.)  Trin.  (Benth.  FI. 
Austral,  vii.  668)  is  now  referred  to  the  genus  Pholiurus.  The  following 
key  is  given  to  assist  in  identifying  the  Australian  species  : — 

Spikelets  paired  and  opposite  on  each  internode  of  the  rhachis  ;  spikes 
constricted  between  the  pairs  of  spikelets  ;  upper  glume  long-awned 

(awn  10-17  mm.  long),  minutely  pubescent . 1.  L.  geminaius. 

Spikelets  usually  solitary  or  most  of  them  solitary  on  each  intemode  of 
the  rhachis ;  spikes  more  or  less  cylindrical ;  upper  glume  tapering  into 
an  awn  up  to  8  mm.  long,  or  awnless,  scaberulous  or  smooth  : 

Perennial ;  upper  glume  lanceolate,  acuminate,  usually  awned  : 
Spikelets  usually  1 -flowered  ;  upper  glume  6-14  mm.  long ;  lemma 
4*5-5  mm.  long;  leaf-blades  up  to  20  cm.  long  and  4-10  mm. 
wide;  spikes  5-15  cm.  long,  very  stiff  and  rigid  .  .  .  2.  L.  repens. 
Spikelets  2-flowered  ;  upper  glume  4-6  mm.  long  ;  lemmas 
2*8-3  mm.  long ;  leaf-blades  2*  5-5  cm.  long  and  3*5-5  mm.  wide ; 
spikes  5-7  cm.  long,  becoming  flexuous . 3.  L.  xerophilus. 

Annual ;  upper  glume  lanceolate-oblong,  acute,  awnless,  4-7  mm. 
long  ;  spikelets  1 -flowered . 4.  L.  cylindricus. 

The  most  interesting  morphological  feature  of  L.  geminaius  is  the 
presence  of  two  spikelets  on  each  intemode  of  the  rhachis.  In  the  other 
species  of  Lepturus  the  spikelets  are  usually  solitary,  but  examples  with 
two  spikelets  to  each  intemode  are  occasionally  seen  in  specimens 
of  L.  cylhidricus  and  L.  repens.  In  such  cases  the  paired  spikelets 
usually  occur  in  the  lower  or  middle  portion  of  the  larger  spikes,  whilst 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  spike,  and  on  smaller  spikes,  the  spikelets  are 
solitary.  The  presence  of  paired  spikelets  in  these  species  appears  to 
be  unusual,  whereas  in  L.  geminaius  it  is  quite  nofmal. 

C.  E.  Hubbard. 

FlO.  1,  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  pair  of  spikelets  and  intemode  of  rhachis,  x  4 ; 
3,  intemode  of  rhachis,  x  6 ;  4,  terminal  spikelet,  x  6 ;  5,  upper  glume  from 
inside,  x  6 ;  6,  floret,  x  6 ;  7,  lemma,  opened  out,  x  6 ;  8,  palea,  x  6  ;  9,  lodi- 
cules,  x  18. 


C J£Sf 


S.R-C. 


Tabula  3234. 

SORGHUM  DIMIDIATUM  Staff . 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Andropogoneae. 

S.  dimidiatum  Staff  in  Prain,  FI.  Trop.  Afr.  ix.  140  (1917) ;  Massey, 
Sudan  Grasses,  16  (1926) ;  Broun  et  Massey,  FI.  Sudan,  446  (1929) ; 
affine  S.  purpureo-sericeo  (Hochst.)  Aschers.  et  Schweinf.,  a  quo  spiculis 
plerumque  paullo  minoribus,  gluma  inferiore  spiculae  sessilis  infra 
medium  demum  incrassata  et  eartilaginea  supra  medium  abrupte 
multo  tenuiore  et  plus  minusve  ehartacea  differt. 

Gramm  annuum,  fasciculatum  vel  solitarium,  usque  ad  1  -5  m.  altum. 
Culmi  erecti  vel  basi  geniculati  et  e  nodo  infimo  radicantes,  graciles 
vel  validi,  teretes,  simplices  vel  ramosi,  3-7-nodes,  “  nodis  vaginarum  99 
pilis  albidis  patulis  usque  ad  6  mm.  longis  dense  barbatis,  ceterum 
glabri  laevesque.  Foliorum  vaginae  internodiis  demum  breviores, 
teretes,  ore  barbatae,  marginibus  ciliatae,  ceterum  glabrae  vel  in- 
feriores  plerumque  superne  pilis  e  tubereulis  ortis  pilosae  ;  ligulae 
brevissimae,  membranaceae,  glabrae  ;  laminae  lineares,  in  apicem 
tenuissimum  longe  attenuatae,  usque  ad  40  cm.  (vel  ultra)  longae  et 
1  cm.  latae,  planae,  virides,  pone  ligulam  pilis  longis  pilosae,  ceterum 
pubescentes,  marginibus  scaberulis,  costa  media  supra  lata  et  albida. 
Panicula  anguste  lanceolata  vel  anguste  lanceolato-oblonga,  6-25  cm. 
longa,  contracta  ;  rhachis  gracilis,  laevis  vel  scabrida,  nodis  plerumque 
pilosis  exceptis  glabra  ;  rami  filiformes,  verticillati,  simplices,  erecti, 
glabri,  fere  laeves  vel  scaberuli,  inferiores  usque  ad  7*5  cm.  longi. 
Racemi  usque  ad  5-nodes ;  internodia  (“  articuli  ”)  usque  ad  5  mm. 
longa,  pilis  rubellis  vel  pallidis  dense  ciliata  ;  pedicelli  internodiis 
similes.  Spiculae  sessiles  lanceolatae  vel  anguste  elliptico-lanceolatae, 
subacuminatae,  7-9  mm.  longae ;  callus  dense  barbatus.  Gluma 
inferior  8-14-nervis,  infra  medium  primum  carnosa  et  pallide  viridis, 
demum  incrassata  et  eartilaginea,  nitens,  glabra,  rubro-fusea  vel  atro- 
fusca,  supra  medium  valde  abrupte  et  conspicue  tenuior,  plus  minusve 
ehartacea,  pallide  viridis,  dorso  glabra,  carinis  rigide  ciliata,  ad  margines 
pins  erectis  pilosa  ;  gluma  superior  inferiori  subsimilis  et  subaequi longa 
'  c‘d  paullo  angustior  et  supra  medium  (saepius  gradatim)  tenuior  et 
pubescens,  5-7-nervis.  Lemma  anthoecii  inferi  (explanatum)  ovatuiA, 
minute  truncatum,  6-7*5  mm.  longum,  tenuiter  membranaceum, 
marginibus  hyalinis  supra  basin  molliter  ciliatis,  2-nerve.  Lemma 
anthoecii  superi  (explanatum)  late  ellipticum,  bilobum,  usque  ad  3  mm. 


2 


longum,  hyalinum,  supra  medium  ciliatum,  3-nerve  ;  arista  gracilis, 
geniculata,  usque  ad  4  cm.  longa,  columna  atrofusca,  seta  pallida ; 
palea  hyalina,  usque  ad  1  *5  mm.  longa,  vel  nulla  ;  lodiculae  truncatae, 
apice  dense  ciliatae  ;  antherae  usque  ad  4  mm.  longae  ;  caryopsis 
anguste  ovoidea,  dorso  compressa,  4*5-5  mm.  longa.  Spiculae  pedi- 
cellatae  vel  steriles,  anguste  lanceolatae  vel  anguste  ellipticae,  acutae, 
6-8  mm.  longae,  pallide  virides  vel  purpureae  ;  callus  barbatus.  Glumae 
firme  membranaceae,  minute  pubescentes ;  inferior  7-11-nervis; 
superior  5-7-nervis.  Lemmata  (explanata)  lanceolata,  tenuiter  mem- 
branacea,  ciliolata ;  inferum  obtusum,  2-nerve ;  superum  minute 
bilobum  vel  integrum  et  acuminatum,  1-nerve  ;  palea  nulla. 

Sudan.  Fung  Province,  Punter ;  without  precise  locality,  Broun 
(type) ;  cultivated  at  Isleworth,  Middlesex,  from  seed  communicated  by 
the  Director  of  Agriculture  and  Forests ,  Khartoum  (type  of  t.  3234,  fig.  1 ) . 

When  describing  this  species,  Stapf  suggested  that  it  was  perhaps 
a  hybrid  between  Sorghum  versicolor  Anderss.  and  some  cultivated 
Sorghum ,  but  as  S.  versicolor  has  not  been  found  in  the  Sudan,  it  is 
very  probable  that  he  intended  to  write  Sorghum  purpureo-sericeum 
Aschers.  et  Schweinf.  The  latter  is  a  closely  allied  species  which  has 
been  recorded  from  the  Sudan,  and  which,  according  to  Massey  (Sudan 
Grasses,  16),  has  been  collected  in  the  same  locality  as  Sorghum  dimidi - 
alum  Stapf  (Fung  Province  ;  Jongol’s  Port).  Mr.  A.  W.  Punter,  how¬ 
ever,  who  has  had  considerable  experience  with  Sudanese  Sorghums, 
informs  us  that  S.  dimidiatum  does  not  grow  in  association  with  any 
other  wild  or  cultivated  Sorghum.  In  a  note  on  these  grasses  he  states 
that  S .  purpureo-sericeum  is  found  over  a  wide  area  east  of  the  Blue 
Nile  up  to  the  Abyssinian  frontier,  but  that  he  has  not  seen  it  west  of 
the  Blue  Nile.  On  the  other  hand,  he  has  only  found  S.  dimidiatum 
west  of  the  Blue  Nile  and  between  the  Blue  and  W  hite  Niles,  where  it 
occurs  as  far  north  as  lat.  13°  30'  N.  in  the  Jebel  Moya  District  of  the 
Blue  Nile  Province  and  as  far  south  as  lat.  10°  N«  In  this  area  it  is 
fairly  common  on  the  open  cotton-soil  plains. 

An  opportunity  to  grow  S.  dimidiatum  occurred  when  seed  of  that 
species  was  communicated  to  Kew  in  October  1932  by  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  Forests,  Khartoum.  A  small  quantity  sown  in  the 
open  in  1933  germinated  readily  and  during  the  warm  summer  months 
produced  plants  about  3  ft.  high,  but  only  a  few  developed  exserted 
panicles  before  being  killed  by  cold  weather.  These  plants  had  all 
the  characters  exhibited  in  the  type-specimen  and  showed  no  signs  of 
hybridization  with  any  other  species.  This  confirmed  the  results 
obtained  by  Punter  at  the  Gezira  Research  Station  in  1930,  where  he 
raised  plants  from  seed  which  grew  true  to  type. 

Prof.  C.  L.  Huskins  has  kindly  supplied  the  following  note  on  the 
chromosome  numbers  of  S.  dimidiatum  and  allied  species.  “  Sorghum 
dimidiatum  in  common  with  S.  versicolor  and  S.  purpureo-sericeum  has 
2n  =  10  chromosomes.  All  the  species  of  grain  sorghums  so  far 


3 


examined  have  20  chromosomes,  as  have  the  grass  sorghums  S.  vir- 
gaium ,  S.  verticillijloruni ,  S.  Vogdianum ,  S.  lanceolatum ,  $.  arundi- 
naceum  and  $.  sudanense  (see  Huskins  and  Smith  in  Journ.  Genetics, 
xxv.  241-249  :  1932,  et  J.c.  xxviii.  387-395  :  1934),  while  £.  lmlepense 
has  40  chromosomes.  Longley  (Journ.  Agric.  Res.  xliv.  317-321  : 
1932)  reports  20  chromosomes  in  S.  Drutnmondii  and  S.  Hewisonii , 
and  40  in  S.  purpureo-sericeum .  The  origin  of  his  material  is  not  stated. 
Dr.  L.  J.  Stadler  in  a  recent  personal  communication  states  that  young 
plants  of  Longley  s  40-chromosome  S.  purpureo-sericeum  look  quite 
different  from  those  of  the  10-chromosome  S.  purpureo-sericeum 
obtained  from  Kew.  The  chromosomes  of  the  10-chromosome  species 
are  much  larger  than  those  of  the  20-chromosome  group  and  of  very 
different  shapes.  Further  detailed  studies  are  necessary,  but  it  appears 
highly  improbable  that  the  relationship  of  these  two  groups  is  a  simple 
polyploid  one,  as  it  apparently  is  between  the  20-  and  40-chromosome 
grass  sorghums.  The  10-chromosome  sorghums  appear  to  constitute 
a  closely  inter-related  group  very  distinct  cytologically  from  the 
remainder  of  the  genus.”  It  should  be  noted  that  the  seeds  from 
which  Prof.  Huskins  raised  his  plants  of  S.  dimidiatum  and  S.  purpureo- 
sericeum  were  compared  at  Kew  with  type-material  of  these  species 
and  found  to  be  correctly  named.  The  plants  of  S.  dimidiatum  referred 
to  in  the  preceding  paragraph  were  raised  from  the  same  sample  of  seed. 

Thus  there  is  no  evidence  to  support  the  suggestion,  made  by  Stapf, 
of  a  hybrid  origin  for  S.  dimidiatum . 

The  differentiation  of  the  lower  glume  of  the  sessile  spikelets  into  a 
thick  dark-coloured  lower  half  and  then  abruptly  into  a  thin  pale 
upper  half  is  most  striking  and  gives  the  inflorescence  a  variegated 
appearance.  The  reason  for  this  peculiar  modification  is  not  obvious. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  it  affords  considerable  protection  to  the  grain 
during  its  development  and  also  at  maturity,  but  less  than  is  the  case 
with  many  other  species  of  Sorghum  in  which  the  lower  glume  is  wholly 
coriaceous. 

Sorghum  dimidiatum  belongs  to  a  group  of  about  8  to  10  annual 
and  perennial  species,  of  which  the  area  of  distribution  extends  from 
Northern  Transvaal  to  Sudan,  through  India  to  China,  the  Malayan 
Region  and  Australia.  This  group  is  distinguished  from  the  remainder 
of  the  section  Eu-Sorghum  (sensu  Stapf)  by  the  bearded  nodes,  the 
simple  branches  of  the  panicle  and  the  brownish  spikelets.  The  three 
species  hitherto  examined  cytologically  have  10  chromosomes  (see 
above). — C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Fig.  1,  an  entire  plant,  natural  sizt ;  2,  a  pair  of  spikelets,  x  4  ;  3,  pedicel,  x  4  ; 
4-14,  details  of  sessile  spikelet  : — 4,  lower  glume,  from  inside,  x  4  ;  5,  transverse 
section  of  lower  half  of  same,  x  8  ;  0,  longitudinal  section  of  same,  x  8;  7,  upper 
glume,  x  4  ;  8,  lower  lemma,  x  5  ;  1),  upper  palea,  x  7  ;  10,  upper  lemma,  x  7  ; 
11,  lodicules,  x  12;  12,  tlower,  without  the  lodicules,  x  8;  13,  caryopsis,  x  4; 

14,  transverse  section  of  caryopsis,  x  4  ;  15-21,  details  of  pedicelled  spikelet : — 

15,  lower  glume,  from  outside,  x  4  ;  16,  the  same  from  inside,  x  4  ;  17,  transverse 
section  of  same,  x  4;  18,  upper  glume  (flattened),  x  4;  19,  lower  lemma,  x  4; 
20,  upper  lemma,  x  4  ;  21,  apex  of  same,  x  12. 


3235 


Tabula  3235. 


BOTRYCHIUM  CHAMAECONIUM  Bitt.  et  Hieron. 

Oph  iogloss  aceae  . 

B.  chamaeconium  Bitt.  et  Hieron.  ex  Bitter  in  Engl.  u.  Prantl,  Nat. 
Pflanzenfam.  i.  Abt.  4,  471  (1900)  ;  F.  K.  Butters  in  Rhodora  xix.  216 
(1917) ;  arete  affine  B.  lanuginospe  Hk.  et  Grev.,  sed  minus,  gracilius, 
folio  fertili  sterilem  superante,  stipite  fertili  e  basi  laminae  sterilis  orto. 

Filix  £-28  cm.  alta.  Radices  numerosae,  validae,  funiformes,  statu 
vivo  verisimiliter  carnosae.  Petiolus  communis  5-12  cm.  longus, 
praecipue  basin  versus  pilis  paucis  albidis  debilibus  conspersus.  Vagina 
stipularis  demum  castanea,  plus  minusve  persistens.  Gemma  in  petioli 
basi  stipulari  vaginante  oinnino  inclusa,  dense  albido-sericeo-pilosa. 
Lamina  sterilis  herbacea,  ambitu  late  subdeltoidea  vel  pentagona, 
usque  ad  18  cm.  lata,  bipinnata,  pinnulis  pinnatifidis,  demum  basi 
tripinnata,  rhachibus  anguste  alatis  ;  segmenta  ultima  ambitu  late 
elliptica  usque  ovata,  valde  lobata,  lobis  oblongis  vel  suboblongis, 
apice  dentatis,  dentibus  ovatis  vel  ovato-lanceolatis  acutis.  Folium 
fertile  e  basi  vel  prope  basin  folii  sterilis  ortum,  bi-  vel  tripinnatum 
usque  ad  15  cm.  longum,  stipite  usque  ad  5  cm.  longo.  Sporangia 
sphaenca,  pallide  brunnea,  usque  ad  1*5  mm.  diametro  maturitate 
ad  medium  fissa,  dimidiis  late  hiantibus  subreflexis.  Sporae  pallide 
luteae,  superficie  leviter  undulata,  35-40  p  diametro. 

British  Cameroons.  Cameroons  Mountain,  Buea,  2200  m.,  in  a 
gorge,  in  fissures  of  very  steep  rock  slope,  Preuss  1037. 

Uganda.  Bulago  District,  Mount  Elgon,  Bugishu,  1970  m.,  moist 
soil  over  rocks,  also  seen  at  Butandiga,  Aug.  1932,  A.  S.  Thomas  350. 

Rotrychium  chamaeconium  was  originally  described  in  1900  from 
«mmjwhat  poor  material  collected  on  Cameroons  Mountain  by  Preuss. 

10  HI)ecies  was  unrepresented  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  until  quite 
ecently,  when  specimens  were  received  from  Mr.  A.  S.  Thomas,  a 
amst  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Uganda,  who  collected 

em  on  the  slopes  of  Mount  Elgon  at  an  altitude  of  6500  feet.  The 

ganda  plants  are  much  larger  than  those  of  the  type-collection, 
probably  as  the  result  of  more  favourable  environmental  conditions, 
though  in  other  respects  they  are  similar. 


2 


A  member  of  the  B.  virginianum  group,  B.  chamaeconium  finds  its 
nearest  ally  in  the  Indian  B.  lanuginosum  Hk.  et  Grev.,  to  which  it 
bears  a  strong  resemblance.  It  may  be  readily  distinguished  by  the 
characters  given  in  the  differential  diagnosis.  F.  K.  Butters  has 
pointed  out  that  B.  virginianum  and  its  allies  have  a  typical  boreal 
distribution,  the  tropical  members  having  travelled  down  from  the 
north.  There  is  no  evidence,  however,  that  such  has  been  the  case  in 
B.  chamaeconium. 

It  seems  unlikely  that  the  species  is  restricted  to  these  two  localities 
in  tropical  Africa.  Only  in  the  mature  fruiting  condition  can  it  be 
said  to  be  at  all  conspicuous,  while  in  the  early  stages  it  might  readily 
be  taken  for  the  leaf  of  a  young  umbellifer.  Its  presence  on  other 
mountain  masses  in  tropical  Africa  will  no  doubt  be  demonstrated  in 
course  of  time. — F.  Ballard. 

Fig.  1,  upper  part  of  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  lower  part  of  plant,  natural  size ; 
2a,  sheathing  base  opened  to  show  the  enclosed  bud,  x  2  ;  3,  portion  of  the 
sporangiophore  from  the  front,  x  4 ;  4,  portion  of  sporangiophore  from  the 
back,  x  4  ;  5,  group  of  dehisced  sporangia,  x  4  ;  6,  6a,  spores  from  the  Uganda 
plant,  and  7,  7a,  spores  from  the  Cameroons  plant,  x  400. 


<3236 


Tabula  3236. 

CYNORCHIS  PARVA  Summerhayes. 

Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

C.  parva  Summerhayes  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  338  ;  statura  parva, 
racemis  1-2-floris,  labelli  forma,  calcari  quam  labellum  circiter  duplo 
longiore  valde  distincta. 

Herba  terrestris,  parva,  usque  15  cm.  alta.  Tubera  cylindrico-ellip- 
soidea,  circiter  1  cm.  longa.  Folia  radicalia,  3-5,  late  linearia  vel 
anguste  lanceolata,  acuta,  plus  minusve  recurvata,  1-2*5  cm.  longa, 
2-4  mm.  lata.  Scapus  erectus,  gracilis,  apice  1-2-florus,  saepissime 
infra  medium  cataphyllo  singulo  lanceolato  acuminato  instructus ; 
bracteae  lanceolatae,  acuminatae,  4-8  mm.  longae,  ovario  pedicellato 
multo  breviores.  Flores  erecti,  partim  virides,  partim  albi ;  pedicellus 
cum  ovario  1*3-2  *7  cm.  longus.  Sepalum  intermedium  erectum 
ovatum,  acutum,  4-5*5  mm.  longum,  2*75-4*5  mm.  latum;  sepala 
lateralia  patentia,  oblique  lanceolato-ovata,  acuta,  5-6*5  mm.  longa 
2  *5-3  *5  mm.  lata.  Petala  lineari-ligulata,  acuta,  leviter  incurvata’ 
3*5-0  mm.  longa,  0*7-1  mm.  lata.  Labellum  album,  trilobum,  ambitu 
obtriangulare  ;  pars  basalis  indivisa,  1*6-2  *5  mm.  longa  ;  lobus  inter- 
medius  e  basi  angusta  plus  minusve  subito  dilatatus,  fere  flabellatus 
apice  obcordatus  apiculo  interjecto,  4-6  mm.  longus,  4-5  mm.  latus  : 
obi  laterales  lmean-oblongi  vel  ligulati,  obtusi  vel  subacuti,  basi  a 
obo  intermedio  angulo  45°  divergentes,  4*5-6*5  mm.  longi,  1-1*6  mm. 
lati ;  calcar  dependens,  cylindricum,  dimidio  inferiore  paullo  inflatum, 
subacutum,  11-16  mm.  longum.  Anthera  erecta,  apice  rotundata, 
1*6-2  *5  mm.  alta,  canalibus  leviter  incurvatis  1-1*5  mm.  longis. 
Stigmata  crassa,  apice  clavato-truncata,  1*5-1  *8  mm.  longa,  latere 
superiore  per  duos  trientes  inferiores  rostelli  lobis  lateralibus  adnata ; 
rostelli  lobus  intermedius  triangulari-dentiformis,  brevis  vel  brevis- 
simus. 


Crunch  Guinea.  Timbo,  July  1907,  Pobeguin  1692. 
y  <>KrHERN  Nigeria.  Vom,  Bauchi  Plateau,  900-1350  m.,  Dent 
^a^ns  ^et,ween  Hepham  and  Ropp,  1380  m.,  July  1921, 
(  1/  ol ;  Bauchi  Plateau,  grass  plains,  June  1930,  Lely  P337  (type) ; 
exact  locality,*  Nelson  9. 

hitish  Cameroons.  Bamenda  District,  Bum,  in  grassland  among 
boulders,  1200  m.,  May  and  June  1931,  Maitland  1398,  1669. 


2 


This  species  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  most  westerly  member 
of  the  genus,  only  two  others  occurring  in  West  Africa,  namely,  C. 
debilis  Summerhayes,  which  is  found  on  the  Cameroons  Mountain,  and 
C.  Barlaeae  Schlechter,  a  native  of  Angola.  The  other  Tropical  African 
representatives  of  Cynorchis  occur  in  East  Africa,  particularly  Tanga¬ 
nyika  Territory,  while  the  majority  of  the  species  inhabit  Madagascar. 
It  is  interesting  to  find  that  a  species  so  far  from  the  centre  of  distribu¬ 
tion  of  the  genus  possesses  such  a  striking  combination  of  characters 
as  does  C.  parva.  These  consist  of  the  dwarf  habit,  the  few-flowered 
inflorescences,  the  labellum  with  its  large  cuneate-flabellate  central 
lobe  and  ligulate  side-lobes,  and  the  long  spur.  I  have  not  yet  been 
able  to  find  any  other  Cynorchis  which  seems  at  all  closely  allied  to 
C.  jparva ,  although  different  species  approach  it  in  single  characters. 

V.  S.  Summerhayes. 

Figs.  1  and  la,  flowering  plants  (tubers  missing  in  la),  natural  size ;  2,  flower, 
x  2  *  3  column,  side  view,  x  6 ;  4,  column,  rostellum  arms  spread  out,  front 
view*,  x  6  : — A,  anther  ;  Lab,  base  of  labellum  ;  R,  rostellum  ;  St,  stigma. 


3237 


Tabula  3237. 

HABENARIA  TWEEDIEAE  Summerhayes. 

Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

H.  Tweedieae  Summerhayes  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  248  ;  affims  H.  cultri - 
formi  Kraenzl.  et  H.  incomptae  KraenzL,  a  quibus  sepalis  lateralibus 
semi-ovatis  vel  semi-orbicularibus  subacutis  nec  lateraliter  apiculatis, 
sepalo  intermedio  longiore,  petali  partitione  postica  baud  fimbriata, 
partitione  antica  basi  haud  subito  dilatata,  rostelli  lobo  intermedio 
antheram  bene  superante  differt. 


Herba  terrestris,  robusta,  erecta,  45-70  cm.  alta  ;  tuber  elongato- 
ovoideum,  4  cm.  longum,  ultra  1  cm.  diametro.  Caulis  teres,  basi 
cataphyllis  paucis  instructus,  6-8-foliatus.  Folia  lanceolata,  acuminata, 
basi  vaginantia,  intermedia  usque  27  cm.  longa  et  7  cm.  lata,  sursum 
sensim  decrescentia  in  bracteas  abeuntia.  Racemus  15-30  cm.  longus, 
circiter  5  cm.  diametro,  subdense  multiflorus ;  bracteae  lanceolatae, 
acuminatae,  ovarium  pedicellatum  subaequantes  vel  paullo  superantes, 
extra  et  praesertim  marginibus  glanduloso-ciliatae  et  pubescentes. 
^  lores  suberecti,  partim  virides  partim  albi ;  ovarium  pedicellatum, 
2*5-4  cm.  longum.  Sepalum  intermedium  ovatum,  acutum,  carinato- 
concavum,  5  •  5-7  mm.  longum,  2  •  5-4  mm.  latum,  extra  sparse  pubescens, 
carina  et  nervis  praesertim  basi  scabridulis  ;  sepala  lateralia  serni- 
ovata  vel  semi-orbicularia,  margine  anteriore  valde  dilatata,  oblique 
obtuse  acuminata  vel  cuspidata,  &-10  mm.  longa,  5-6*5  mm.  lata, 
extra  sparse  pubescentia.  Petala  bipartita  ;  partitio  posterior  ligulata, 
subacuta,  6-6*5  mm.  longa,  0*7-1  *5  mm.  lata,  papilloso-puberula ; 
partitio  anterior  multo  major,  subfalcatim  lanceolato-cultriformis, 
obtusa,  10-11  mm.  longa,  basin  versus  1  *8-2*5  mm.  lata,  papilloso- 
puberula.  Labellum  ex  ungue  circiter  1  mm.  longo  tripartitum  ;  par¬ 
titio  intermedia  linearis,  obtusa,  10-12  mm.  longa,  0*8-1  *4  mm.  lata, 
subcarnosa  ;  partitiones  laterales  anguste  lineares,  5-6*5  mm.  longae, 
1*3-0 *5  mm.  latae ;  calcar  dependens,  dimidio  inferiore  cylindricum, 
apice  clavato-inflatum,  obtusum,  circiter  2*5  cm.  longum.  Anthera 
su  )(ieclinata>  2*5-3  mm.  alta,  obtusa,  canalibus  apice  leviter  incurvatis 
1  longis ;  staminodia  biloba.  Brachia  stigmatifera  crassa, 

avata,  3*5-5  mm.  longa,  antherae  canales  aequantia  vel  paullo 
excedentia.  Rostelli  lobus  intermedius  ligulatus,  apice  triangulari- 
acutus,  2  •  5-3  •  2  mm.  longus,  antheram  bene  superans ;  lobi  laterales 
ab  intermedio  angulo  recto  divergentes. 


2 


Kenya  Colony.  Mt.  Elgon,  2010  m.,  Nov.  1931,  Mrs.  Tweedie  25 
(type).  Nandi  District,  1800  m.,  Nov.  1898,  Whyte. 

Uganda.  Mt.  Elgon,  Butandiga,  on  rocky  knoll,  2100  ra.,  in  fruit, 
Jan.  1918,  Dummer  3646.  Ruwenzori,  2100  in.,  Dawe  670a.  Toro, 
Ibonde,  2250  m.,  Oct.  1932,  Thomas  774. 

The  section  Cultratae  Kraenzl.,  which  seems  to  be  entirely  African, 
remains  rather  ill-defined.  On  the  whole  the  species  show  a  close  re¬ 
semblance  to  many  of  those  belonging  to  section  Bilabrellae  Kraenzl., 
but  usually  have  somewhat  larger  flowers.  Perhaps  the  most  character¬ 
istic  feature  of  the  group  is  the  hairiness  of  the  inflorescence,  particularly 
the  bracts,  sepals  and  petals,  but  in  this  as  in  other  respects  there  is 
great  variability,  certain  of  the  species  being  little  more  hairy  than  some 
members  of  Bilabrellae.  In  H.  Tweedieae  and  its  immediate  allies 
(II.  cult  rata  A.  Rich,  and  H.  cultrifonnis  Kraenzl.)  the  bracts  have  a 
more  or  less  irregularly  denticulate  or  almost  spinulose  margin  as  well 
as  being  hairy  on  the  surface.  In  II.  Tweedieae  these  hairs  (both 
marginal  and  superficial)  are  mostly  gland-tipped,  a  feature  which 
recalls  many  species  of  Cynorchis  but  is  decidedly  uncommon  in 
Habenaria . 

Another  important  characteristic  of  the  section  is  the  relatively  long 
middle  lobe  of  the  rostellum  which  in  several  species  projects  above  the 
apex  of  the  anther  and  is  strongly  developed  in  H.  Tweedieae  (fig.  4). 
This  feature  is  also  found  in  H.  longirostris  Sum merh ayes  (t.  3211), 
which,  however,  differs  considerably  in  other  respects. 

So  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  II.  Tweedieae  is  the  first  member  of  the 
Cultratae  to  be  discovered  in  Kenya  or  Uganda,  the  great  majority  of 
the  species  being  inhabitants  of  Abyssinia,  while  one  or  two  others 
(perhaps  rather  doubtfully  referable  to  the  section)  have  been  re¬ 
corded  from  Central  Africa.  From  the  data  available  it  appears  that 
II.  Tweedieae  occurs  on  most  of  the  mountains  of  Uganda  and  Western 
Kenya  at  altitudes  of  about  2000  m.,  but  more,  records  are  required  to 
enable  us  to  state  its  detailed  distribution. — V.  S.  Summerhayes. 

Fig.  1,  lower  part  of  a  plant  (Dawe  670a),  x  }  ;  2,  inflorescence  from  another 
plant  (Tweedie  25),  x  §  ;  3,  portion  of  bract,  to  show  margin,  x  6 ;  4,  a  single 
flower  with  one  anterior  petal-lobe  turned  down,  x  2  ;  5,  rostellum  (spread  out), 
x  3. 


Tabula  3238. 

PLATYCOBYNE  MEGALOBRHYNCHA  Summerhayes. 

Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

P.  megalorrhyncha  Summerhayes  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  250  ;  affinis 
P.  tenuieauli  Rolfe,  a  qua  caule  magis  foliato,  floribus  minoribus, 
anthera  obtusa  nec  longe  apiculata  canalibus  brevioribus,  brachiis 
stigmatiferis  apice  ovato-dilatatis  antherae  canales  excedentibus, 
rostelli  lobo  intermedio  antheram  bene  superante  differt. 

Herba  terrestris,  gracilis,  omnino  glabra,  20-30  cm.  alta.  Caulis 
foliatus,  erectus,  teres,  basi  cataphyllis  paucis  acutis  vaginantibus 
instructus.  Folia  lanceolata  vel  lineari-lanceolata,  acutissima,  basi 
caulem  amplectentia,  usque  5  cm.  longa  et  9  mm.  lata,  superiora  minora. 
Racemus  3-4  cm.  longus,  circiter  2  cm.  diametro,  dense  6-7-florus  ; 
bracteae  lanceolatae,  subaristato-acuminatae,  ovario  pedicellato  saepius 
breviorcs,  usque  2  cm.  longae.  Flores  suberecti,  ovario  pedicellato  cir¬ 
citer  1  -7  cm.  longo.  Sepalum  intermedium  ovatum,  acutum,  carinato- 
concavum,  7  mm.  longum,  4*5  mm.  latum;  sepala  lateralia  oblique 
oblongo-lanceolata,  subacuta,  7*5  mm.  longa,  2-5  mm.  lata.  Petala 
e  basi  latiore  falcatim  ligulata,  acuta,  6*5  mm.  longa,  1  mm.  lata. 
Labellwn  simplex,  anguste  linguiforme,  carnosum,  marginibus  recurvatis, 
6-5  mm.  longum,  1-3  mm.  latum  (explanatum) ;  calcar  dependens, 
cylindricum,  dimidio  superiore  clavato-inflatum,  obtusum,  1*4  cm. 
longum.  Anthera  erecta,  obtusa,  3*5  mm.  alta,  canalibus  porrectis 
crassiusculis  2*5  mm.  longis.  Braehia  stigmatifera  crassa,  apice  ovata 
vel  spathulato-ovata  dilatata,  2*5  mm.  longa,  antherae  canales  paullo 
excedentia.  Rostelli  lobus  intermedius  e  basi  latiore  oblongo-lanceo- 
atus,  acutus,  2*4  mm.  longus,  1-2  mm.  latus ;  lobi  laterales  basi 
atissimi,  ab  intermedio  sinu  lato  rotundato  sejuncti. 

1  <£'"****  Nigeria.  Bamenda  District,  Fougom,  in  boggy  ground, 
UDU  m.,  April  1931,  Maitland  1509  (type). 

In  habit  and  general  floral  structure  this  species  is  a  very  ordinary 
em  Jt  r  genus.  It  is  unique,  on  the  other  hand,  in  possessing  an 
enormous  middle  lobe  of  the  rostellum,  overtopping  the  column,  and 
a  mg  the  latter  appear  quite  insignificant.  In  this  and  some  other 
8pecie8  with  a  relatively  large  rostellum  placed  in  front  of  and  more  or 


2 


less  separated  from  the  anther,  the  same  evolutionary  trend  is  seen  as  in 
the  genus  Bonatea  where,  however,  the  rostellum  is  more  or  less  cucullate. 
Both  Platycoryne  and  Bonatea  are  considered  by  some  taxonomists  to 
be  merely  sections  of  the  large  and  polymorphic  genus  Iiabenaria  ; 
each  may  be  separated  generically  because  the  species  referred  to  it 
exhibit,  to  varying  degrees,  correlated  modifications  in  particular  direc¬ 
tions  resulting  in  a  readily  recognized  assemblage  of  characters.  In 
Platycoryne  the  species  show  considerable  diversity  in  certain  features, 
some  of  which  are  paralleled  in  various  sections  of  Habenaria.  There 
is,  nevertheless,  no  doubt  as  to  whether  any  given  species  should  be 
referred  to  Platycoryne  or  Habenaria  in  spite  of  the  paucity  of  exact 
differential  characters. — V.  S.  Summerhayes. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  flower,  lateral  view,  x  3  ;  3,  petal, 
x  4  ;  4,  column,  lateral  view,  x  6  ;  5,  stigma,  from  inside,  x  12  ;  6,  rostellum, 
spread  out,  x  6  : — A,  anther  ;  R,  rostellum  ;  S,  staminode  ;  St,  stigmata  ; 
V,  viscidia. 


cJJ’cT? 


Tabula  3239. 

PLA.TYCOB.YNE  AMBIGUA  (Kraenzl.)  Summerhayes. 

Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

P.  ambigua  {Kraenzl.)  Summerhayes ,  comb.  nov.  Habenaria  ambigua 
Kraenzl.  in  Engl.  Jahrb.  xxviii.  175  (1900).  Affinis  P.  tenuicauli 
Rolfe,  a  qua  sepalo  intermedio  longiore  angustiore  subfalcato-incurvato, 
sepalis  lateralibus  angustioribus,  labello  longiore,  anthera  mutica, 
rostelli  lobis  latioribus  differt. 


Herba  perennis,  paludicola,  usque  ad  40  cm.  alta  ;  tubera  ellipsoidea, 
circiter  1  cm.  longa.  Caulis  erectus,  gracilis,  leviter  flexuosus,  basi 
cataphyllis  vaginantibus  1  vel  2  instructus,  trientibus  duobus 
inferioribus  4-5-foliatus.  Folia  linearia  vel  lineari-lanceolata,  basi 
dilatata  vaginantia,  apice  acuminata,  usque  ad  14  cm.  longa  et  9  mm. 
lata,  suberecta  vel  adscendentia.  Inflorescentiae  simpliciter  race- 
mosae,  subdense  3-8-florae,  5-10  cm.  longae ;  bracteae  foliaceae, 
lanceolatae,  acuminatae,  infima  usque  ad  4  cm.  longa,  ceteris  minoribus 
ovario  pedicellato  saepius  brevioribus.  Flores  suberecti,  flavidi, 
ovario  pedicellato  1*5-2  *5  cm.  longo.  Sepalum  intermedium  lanceo- 
latum  vel  lanceolato-ovatum,  acuminatum,  valde  concavum,  subfalcato- 
incurvatum,  circiter  15  mm.  longum,  6-7  mm.  latum  ;  sepala  lateralia 
deflexa,  oblique  oblongo-lanceolata,  acuta,  apice  leviter  carinata, 
14  mm.  longa,  circiter  2*5  mm.  lata.  Petala  linearia  vel  lineari- 
lanceolata,  acuta,  13-15  mm.  longa,  1*3  mm.  lata,  ad  sepalum  inter¬ 
medium  agglutinata.  Labellum  simplex,  lineare,  obtusum,  saepius 
incurvatum,  13-14  mm. longum,  1*5  mm. latum,  marginibus  recurvatis  ; 
calcar  dependens,  apice  clavato-inflatum,  15  mm.  longum.  Anthera  cir¬ 
citer  6  mm.  alta,  mutica,  loculis  parallelis,  canalibus  leviter  incurvatis, 
4*5  mm.  longis.  Brachia  stigmatifera  apice  dilatata,  ovata,  convexa, 
mm.  longa,  2  mm.  lata  (explanata) ;  rostelli  lobus  intermedius 
°’ong0-lanceolatus,  acutus,  apice  incurvatus,  3  mm.  longus,  lobi 
a  era*es  oblique  triangulares,  truncati. 


Tanganyika  Territory.  Uhehe,  Wem,  in  open  Bush,  in  damp 
depression,  1600  m.,  Feb.  1899,  Goetze  700  (type).  Msalala,  Hanning - 
Ion  Manyoni  District,  Kazikazi,  in  seasonally-wet  bog  in  drainage 
valley,  1260  m.,  March  1933,  Burtt  4621. 


2 


A  striking  member  of  the  genus,  easily  recognized  by  the  long  narrow 
leaves  and  the  long  narrow  perianth  members,  of  which  the  dorsal 
sepal  somewhat  resembles  a  scimitar  in  lateral  view.  The  species  is 
probably  allied  to  P.  tenuicaulis  Rolfe,  which  comes  from  the  same 
region  but  has  smaller  flowers  with  broader  parts  and  a  long  apiculus 
to  the  column.  In  P.  ambigua  the  rostellum  is  in  front  of  and  quite 
separated  from  the  anther,  but  it  is  relatively  much  smaller  than  in 
P.  megalorrhyncha  Summerhayes,  figured  in  tab.  3238. 

V.  S.  Summerhayes. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  plant,  natural  size;  2,  flower,  lateral  view,  x  2  ;  3,  column, 
lateral  view,  x  4  ;  4,  rostellum,  spread  out,  x  4  : — A,  anther ;  Rm,  rostellum, 
median  lobe  ;  Rl,  rostellum,  lateral  lobe  ;  St,  stigma  ;  V,  viscidium. 


Tabula  3240. 

SATYRIUM  FIMBRIATUM  Sumtnerhayes. 
Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 


S.  fimbriatum  Summerhayes  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  348  ;  affinis  S.  mem - 
bfanaceo  Sw.  et  S.  principi  Bolus,  ab  illo  rostelli  lobo  intermedio 
triangulari  acuto  nec  ampliatim  semiorbiculari,  ab  hoc  statura,  foliis 
floribusque  minoribus,  colore  florum,  stigmate  integro  differt. 

Herba  terrestris,  usque  40  cm.  alta  ;  tubera  ovoidea,  circiter  1  cm. 
longa.  Folia  2,  radicalia,  humistrata,  ovata  vel  suborbicularia,  sub- 
acuta  vel  obtusa,  3-7  cm.  longa,  2*5-7  cm.  lata,  ut  videtur  subcarnosa. 
Scapus  erectus,  teres,  glaber,  vaginis  3-5  lanceolatis  acuminatis  mem- 
branaceis  subdistantibus  instructus.  Racemus  cylindricus,  6-13  cm. 
longus,  circiter  2*5  cm.  diametro,  subdense  5-18-florus  ;  bracteae 
lanceolatae  vel  elliptico-lanceolatae,  acutae  vel  acuminatae,  ovarium 
pedicel  latum  superantes,  sub  anthesi  dimidio  superiore  recurvatae 
Sepalum  intermedium  ligulato-oblanceolatum,  obtusum,  8-10  mm! 
longum,  2-2-5  mm.  latum  ;  sepala  lateralia  curvatim  oblongo-lanceo- 
lata,  subacute,  8-11-5  mm.  longa,  2-5-3  mm.  lata;  sepala  omnia 
basi  petal,*  adnata.  Petala  elliptico-oblanceolata,  subacuta,  superne 
marginibus  lacerato-fimbriata,  8-10-5  mm.  longa,  2 -5-3-5  mm.  lata. 
Labellum  late  ellipsoideum,  leviter  cucullatum,  totum  9-5-12  mm. 
longum,  mferne  6-7  mm.  latum,  in  apicem  suborbicularem  ±  reflexura 
marginibus  lacerato-fimbriatis  3-5-4  mm.  longum  productum  ;  cal- 
cana  gracilia,  ovario  ±  parallela,  cylindrica,  circiter  3  cm.  longa. 
Lolumm  incurvata,  3-5  mm.  longa  ;  labium  stigmatiferum  transverse 
oblongo-ellipticum,  1-5-2  nun.  altum,  3-4  mm.  latum  ;  rostellum  basi 
quadra  turn,  lobis  lateralibus  brevissimis  dentiformibus,  lobo  inter¬ 
medio  triangulari  acuto,  totum  rostellum  1-5-2  mm.  longum,  basi 

1-25-2  mm.  latum.  6 


Jenya.  (.QLQjfY-  Kinangop  Plateau,  Aberdare  Mts.,  lower  slopes  of 
'n  °Pen  grassland  close  to  forest  edge,  2490  m.,  Honore  1877 
H nvi  *  kltlangop,  open  land  on  grassy  hillside,  2520  m.,  May  1932, 
Tinderet,  Mrs .  Maintoaring  1287.  Cherangani,  1800- 
l  a  moiJune  1932,  Tweedie  36,  J ex-Blake  2129.  Londiani,  in  grass¬ 
lands,  2340  m.,  July  1932,  Graham  2879. 


T  he  section  Eusatyrium  of  Satyrium  is  characterized  by  the  possession 
0  0110  or  ^wo  orbicular  or  broadly  ovate  radical  leaves  which  are  adpressed 


2 


closely  to  the  ground  rather  in  the  manner  of  Plantago  major  L.  on 
a  lawn.  These  leaves  are  often  fleshy  and  act  as  organs  for  water 
storage,  being  frequently  exhausted  by  the  rapid  elongation  of  the  spike 
before  flowering  and  therefore  either  withered  or  partially  so  when  the 
flowers  are  expanded.  There  are  about  a  dozen  species  in  the  tropical 
parts  of  Africa  and  perhaps  another  twenty  in  South  Africa,  there  is 
a  considerable  amount  of  variation  in  the  size  of  the  flowers  and  other 
characters,  but  on  the  whole  the  section  is  a  fairly  natural  one.  The 
species  here  figured  is  of  especial  interest  because  although  it  is 
restricted,  so  far  as  is  known,  to  Kenya  Colony,  it  possesses  certain 
features  in  common  with  two  species  (S.  membranaceum  Sw.  and 
S.  princeps  Bolus)  which  are  natives  of  the  Cape  Province  and  are  not 
known  to  occur  in  either  Natal  or  the  Transvaal.  The  chief  feature  is 
the  finely  fimbriate  or  almost  lacerate  margins  of  the  petals  and  of  the 
flattened  apex  of  the  lip,  this  being  restricted  to  these  three  species. 
The  Kenya  species  is  a  much  smaller  and  more  slender  plant  than  its 
two  relatives  but  in  general  respects  resembles  them  very  closely. 
The  important  differences  are  given  in  the  differential  diagnosis. 

S.  fimbriatum  is  an  inhabitant  of  grassland  at  and  above  2000  m.  in 
western  Kenya  Colony.  It  possesses  rather  pretty  pink  unscented 
flowers.— V.  S.  Summerhayes. 

Fio.  1,  flowering  plant,  large  leaf  drawn  upright  to  show  shape,  natural  size ; 
2,  a  single  flower,  x  2  ;  3,  4  and  5,  gynostegium  in  front,  three-quarter  front,  and 
back  views,  x6;  6,  a  pollinium  with  gland,  x  8. 


I 


<5241 


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ifii  /,' 

S.R-C. 


Tabula  3241. 

IXORA  HIPPOPERIFERA  Bremekamp. 

Rubiaceae.  Tribus  Ixoreae. 

I.  bippoperifera  Bremekamp  ;  species  nova,  affinis  I.  laxiflorae  Sm., 
I.  anemodesmati  K.  Schum.,  I.  viridijlorae  K.  Schum.,  I.  nematopodae 
K.  Schum.,  /.  roseae  K.  Schum.,  I.  longffpedunculatae  De  Wild., 
I.  divaricatae  Hutch,  et  Dalz.,  sed  panicula  angusta,  floribus  sessilibus 
ad  apicem  ramulorum  brevium  congestis  ab  his  speciebus  facile  dis- 
tinguenda,  parte  basali  foliorum  sessilium  in  sacculos  binos  utroque 
latere  costae  hippoperarum  instar  dispositos  mutata  ab  omnibus  con- 
generibus  hactenus  cognitis  conspicue  diversa. 

Frutex  glaber,  ramis  novellis  praesertim  parte  superiore  internodiorum 
bisulcatis.  Folia  sessilia,  membranacea,  oblanceolato-obovata,  20- 
28  cm.  longa,  7*5-10  cm.  lata,  apice  acuminata,  dimidio  inferiore 
cuneata,  ad  basin  tamen  dilatata  et  utroque  latere  costam  versus 
reduplicata,  hoc  modo  pagina  superiore  sacculos  binos  formantia 
supra  nitidula,  subtus  opaca,  nervis  utroque  latere  costae  10-12  subtus 
prominentibus,  venulis  sparsis ;  stipulae  late  ovatae,  arista  longi- 
tudme  partem  basalem  paullo  superante  munitae.  Inflorescentia 
termjnalis,  longe  pedunculata,  anguste  paniculata  ;  pedunculus  basi 
jugo  foliorum  parvorum  0*5-0*8  cm.  longorum  munitus,  10-16  cm. 
longus;  ramuli  paniculae  breves,  inferiores  ab  aliis  4  cm.  remoti 
superiors  ad  apicem  agglomerati ;  ramuli  secundarii  brevissimi  ; 
bracteae  parvae,  lineares  ;  bracteolae  minutae,  ovario  multo  breviores. 
*  lores  sessiles,  ad  apicem  ramulorum  fasciculati.  Receptaculum 
ambitu  cupulare  0*8  mm.  altum.  Calyx  1  mm.  longus,  lobis  late 
tnangularibus  tubo  subaequilongis.  Corollae  tubus  gracilis,  2  cm.  longus, 
acn/mn^ametr°^  ^n^us  S^^er ;  lobi  oblongi, 6 mm.  longi, 2*5  mm. lati, 
1b  damenta  1*5  mm.  longa  ;  antherae  4  mm.  longae,  apiculatae, 
parte c?^or^ae*  Stylus  glaber,  usque  ad  5*5  mm.  exsertus, 
bifid  i  '  incrassata  2  *5  mm.  longa,  in  lobis  recurvaturos  profunde 

rupa  bisulcata,  dipyrena,  8  mm.  alta,  11  mm.  lata. 

Cameroons.  Bipinde,  Zenker  4124  (flowering),  4841  (fruiting). 

t0^  saddlebags  ”  at  the  base  of  the  leaf  show  a  close  resemblance 
le  srnall  bags  found  at  the  base  of  the  leaves  of  Duroia  saccifera 


2 


(Mart.)  Hook.  f.  and  Remijia  physophora  Benth.,  where  the  entrance, 
however,  is  at  the  lower  side  of  the  leaf.  They  suggest  myrmecophily, 
but  I  must  add  that  I  have  not  found  the  ants. 

The  presence  of  a  pair  of  reduced  leaves  at  the  base  of  the  peduncle 
is  a  peculiarity  found  in  a  large  number  of  species  ;  it  is  doubtless  of 
taxonomic  importance,  and  is  shown  by  all  the  species  to  which  I  have 
referred  above.  These  plants  resemble  one  another  moreover  in  the 
considerable  length  of  the  peduncle  of  the  more  or  less  pendulous 
inflorescence  and  usually  also  in  the  colour  of  the  flowers  :  these  are 
white  or  greenish,  except  in  I.  rosea ,  where  they  are  pink.  The  in¬ 
florescences  are  corymbose  or  paniculate,  and  their  branchlets  and 
pedicels  are  long  and  slender :  in  the  new  species,  however,  the 
branchlets  are  short,  and  the  flowers  sessile.  They  are  all  West- 
African. — C.  E.  B.  Bremekamp. 

Fig.  1,  upper  part  of  branch,  with  inflorescence,  x  $  ;  2,  longitudinal  section  of 
flower,  x  3  ;  3,  flower  with  corolla  removed,  x  12  ;  4,  longitudinal  section  of 
same,  x  12  ;  5,  stamen,  x  6  ;  6,  upper  part  of  stylo,  x  12  ;  7,  infructescence, 
natural  size. 


Tabula  3242. 

PYGMAEOTHAMNUS  CONCRESCENS  Bullock. 
Rubiaceae.  Tribus  Vanguerieae. 


P.  concrescens  Bullock  in  Kew  Bull.  1933,  471  ;  a  P.  Zeyheri  (Sond.) 
Robyns  foliis  oppositis,  floribus  multo  majoribus  facile  distinguitur. 

Suffrutex  nanus,  erectus,  15-25  cm.  altus ;  caules  annui,  simplices, 
lignosi,  glabri,  e  rhizomate  subterraneo  orti,  internodiis  2-5(-7)  cm. 
longis.  Stipulae  intus  villosae,  ceterum  glabrae,  longe  subulatae, 
inferne  in  vaginam  intrapetiolarem  truncatam  connatae,  caudis  acutis 
erectis  usque  6*5  mm.  longis.  Folia  opposita,  glaberrima,  leviter 
discoloria  (subtus  ut  videtur  glauca),  elliptica  vel  anguste  obovata 
apice  acute  cuspidata,  basi  in  petiolum  circiter  1  cm.  longum  sensim 
angustata,  8-10  cm.  longa,  3-5  cm.  lata,  inferne  cataphyllaria,  costa  et 
nervis  lateralibus  (utrinque  circiter  5)  satis  prominenti’bus  rete  venu- 
larum  conspicuo.  Flores  albi,  5-  vel  saepe  6-meri,  in  cymas  dichasiales 
axillarea  pedunculatas  circiter  10-15-floras  dispositi ;  pedunculi  sub 
anthesni  2  cm.  longi,  satis  crassi,  statu  fructifero  usque  5  cm  lonui 
et  basin  versus  cum  caule  coaliti ;  pedicelli  crassi,  3  6  mm.  longf- 
bracteae  et  bracteolae  lmeares.  Calyx  glaber,  campanulatus  •  tnhiw 
(rcceptaculo  incluso)  4-5  nun.  longus,  apice  3  mm.  diametro  basin 
versus  levitef  puberulus  ;  lobi  anguste  triangulares,  4  mm.  longi  C 
7  ‘ lat1’  aPice  acuti.  Corollae  tubus  subconico-cylindricus  5 ’mm 

ongus,  usque  3-5  mm.  diametro,  intus  circa  medium  pilis’  villosis 
leflexis  annulatus ;  lobi  oblongi,  subacuti,  5  mm.  longi,  mm.  lati 

am„l!ataSUba  .  Fihmenta  brevi8sima;  basin  versus 

mpliata  ,  antherae  alabastro  circa  stigma  cohaerentes,  sub  anthesin 

1  mm  ’l  anceo,atao-  aP»ce  acutae,  basi  subsagittatae,  2  mm.  longae, 
solT;,-  T,r"Ule  h>’?lmae-  0varium  2-loculare  ;  ovula  in  loculis 
anmistae  Pcnc  “  a  >  st-v*us  "  mm-  longus,  apicem  versus  leviter 
diamotr  U8  ’  • stlF ^  caPltatum,  2  mm.  longum,  circa  medium  2  mm. 
unilociilnraplCei  ^rwAus  drupacei,  carnosi,  plerumque  abortu 

es>  subglobosi,  usque  2  cm.  diametro. 


^r\ANGANYIKA  Territory.  Iringa  Prov  i 


lyroocl  i  f  .  “*£»**>  "“u  icaiucxy  leaves,  LUIIlIllUIl 

8  Uud>  fr-  Aug.  1931,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  11.  E.  Hornby  65. 


2 


The  genus  Pygmaeothamnus  was  established  by  Dr.  Robyns  (Bull. 
Jard.  Bot.  Brux.  xi.  29  :  1928)  to  accommodate  four  South  African 
species,  three  of  which  had  been  previously  described  by  various 
authors  under  the  generic  names  Canthium ,  Plectronia ,  Vangueria , 
Fadogia  and  P achy  stigma.  Robyns  admitted  three  varieties  of  P. 
Zeyheri  (Sond.)  Robyns,  a  species  occurring  in  Angola,  Belgian  Congo 
and  Rhodesia,  as  well  as  in  South  Africa,  and  one  variety  of  P.  Chamae - 
dendrum  (0.  Kuntze)  Robyns.  Some  of  the  varieties  had  previously 
held  specific  rank. 

The  chief  difference  between  Pygmaeothamnus  Robyns  and  Canthium 
Lam.  (=  Plectronia  Auctt.,  non  Linn.)  given  in  Dr.  Robyns’  “  Con¬ 
spectus  generum  ”  ( l.c .  21),  is  in  the  inflorescence  : — 

“  Flores  solitarii  vel  in  inflorescentias  simplices  haud  ramosas  dis- 
positi . Pygmaeothamnus  etc. 

“Flores  in  umbellas  vel  plenunque  in  inflorescentias  conspicuas 
ramosasque  dispositi . Canthium  etc.” 

A  detailed  examination  of  the  African  species  of  Canthium  (Bullock 
in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  353-389)  shows  that  the  inflorescence  is  even 
more  variable  than  Dr.  Robyns*  key  suggests,  and  it  is  equally  so  in 
Pygmaeothamnus ,  which  makes  the  separation  of  the  two  genera  very 
difficult.  It  is  nevertheless  convenient  to  retain  Pygmaeothamnus  as 
a  genus  distinct  from  Canthium ,  the  points  of  difference  being  briefly 
summarized  as  follows  : — 

Arbores  vel  frutices  erecti  vel  scandentes  ;  flores  4-5-meri ;  drupae 
plus  minusve  globosae,  lignosae  vel  rarius  carnosae,  saepe 
didymae . Canthium 

Suffruticesnani,  erecti ;  flores  5-6-meri ;  drupae  plus  minusve  obovoi- 
deae  vel  globosae,  valde  carnosae,  haud  didymae  .  Pygmaeothamnus 

The  most  striking  feature  of  Pygmaeothamnus  is  the  subherbaceous 
habit,  which  at  once  separates  it  from  the  climbing  and  erect  shrubs 
and  trees  included  in  Canthium.  Herbarium  specimens  of  Pygmaeo¬ 
thamnus  concrescens  show  a  striking  resemblance  to  those  of  Canthium 
crassum  Hiern,  which  is  a  tree  with  fire-resisting  bark,  widely  dis¬ 
tributed  in  the  grasslands  and  deciduous  forests  of  Tropical  Africa 
(Bullock,  l.c.  379).  In  texture,  shape  and  venation  the  leaves  are 
remarkably  alike  in  the  two  species,  whilst  the  inflorescence  and  flowers 
approximate  very  closely. 

The  specific  name  concrescens  refers  to  the  union  of  the  peduncle 
and  main  stem  which  becomes  more  marked  in  the  fruiting  stage. 

A.  A.  Bullock. 


Fia.  1,  part  of  a  plant,  in  the  flowering  stage,  natural  size 
flower,  x  4  ;  3,  part  of  corolla,  from  within,  x  4  ;  4  and  5, 
transverse  sections  of  ovary,  x3;  6,  stamen,  abaxial  view, 
infructescence,  natural  size. 


;  2,  hexanierous 

longitudinal  and 
x  8  ;  7,  part  ot 


— 


i 


Tabula  3243. 

CROT  All  ARIA  ANNUA  Milne-Red  head. 

Leguminosab.  Tribus  Genisteae. 

C.  (Sphaerocarpae)  annua  Milne- Redhead ;  species  nova  C.  phyllo- 
stachyi  Baker  habitu  et  floribus  similis  sed  fructu  raajore  polyspermo 
recedens. 


Herba  annua,  scopiformis,  caule  erecto  usque  1  m.  alto.  Rami 
erecto-adscendentes,  simplices,  25-50  cm.  longi,  virgati,  ut  caulis 
striati,  dense  crispule  pilosi.  Folia  petiolata,  trifoliolata,  circiter  2  cm. 
longa,  secundum  caules  dispersa,  stipulata,  stipulis  minutissimis 
tomentosis  caducis  ;  petioli  adscendentes,  5-8  mm.  longi,  supra  plani, 
parce  tomentosi ;  foliola  sessilia,  oblanceolata,  apice  acuta  et  longe 
mucronata,  basi  cuneata,  usque  1*5  cm.  longa  et  4  mm.  lata  (lateralia 
minora),  supra  parcissime  pilosa,  subtus  longe  adpresse  pilosa,  costa 
et  mucrone  densius ;  costa  supra  sulcata,  subtus  prominens  *  ’  nervi 
laterales  utrinque  inconspicui.  Inflorescentiae  longe  racemosae 
caulem  et  ramos  terminates,  floribus  solitariis  vel  paucis  ex  axillis 
fol.orum  superiorum  exortis,  circiter  25  cm.  longae,  erectae,  virgatae 
rhachibus  dense  crispule  pilosis  ;  bracteae  subulatae,  2-5  mm  longae’ 
adpresse  pilosae  ;  pedicelli  erecti.  circiter  5  mm.  longi,  densius  induti’ 

bneus  dd  t  1  mra, ParCC  tomentosus>  intus  gl^er  ;  tubus  3  mm. 
S 77  d  rC'I-  afe°la,ti‘1  acutl>  6  mm-  l°ngi,  basi  1-5  mm.  lati 
o?na  nm -8  rblCU)  ire’  iT'  <liametro-  luteum>  extra  nervis  rubris 
l°f  “°ng*ei  12  mm-  longae>  a  pice  in  versus 

4  5  mm.  latae,  luteae ;  canna  infra  medium  rectangulata,  apicem 

versus  m  rostrum  rectum  tortilem  10  mm.  longum  prolata,  basin  versus 
rotundata,  12  mm.  longa,  5  mm.  lata,  lutea.  Stamina  fertilia  antheris 
ultra  1  mm.  longis  praedita  ;  stamina  abortiva  fertilibus  3  mm.  longiora, 
in  k  ns  \  aide  redactis.  Ovarium  circiter  4  mm.  longum,  villosum, 
u  is  -20  ,  stylus  circiter  10  mm.  longus,  basin  versus  angulatus, 
glob  m  Ve7SU8  Utnn^ue  PilosU8>  stigmate  glabro.  Leyumen  oblongo- 
intno  *  mm*  *on8um»  ^  diametro,  extra  densiuscule  pilosum, 
g  a  >rum  ;  semina  10-16,  parva,  1  *5  mm.  diametro. 


Northern  Rhodesia.  Solwezi  District:  on  bared  ground  in 
racnystegia  woodland  at  Solwezi,  5  June  1930,  Milne-Redhead  422 
rga  e  woody  annual  up  to  1  m.  high  ;  flowers  yellow  and  red. 


2 


The  available  material  of  Crotalaria  phyllostachys  Baker  is  unfortu¬ 
nately  lacking  in  the  basal  part  of  the  stems  and  in  the  rootstock,  but 
the  upper  portions  so  strongly  resemble  those  of  C.  annua  that  one  is 
led  to  expect  that  the  former  species  is  really  an  annual  and  not  an 
undershrub  as  stated  by  Baker.  In  the  flowering  condition  it  is  hard 
to  distinguish  these  two  species,  but  when  in  fruit  they  are  easily 
separable,  the  legumes  of  C.  phyllostachys  being  subglobose,  about 
4  mm.  in  length,  and  usually  only  2-seeded,  whilst  C.  annua  has  pods 
7  mm.  long,  slightly  less  in  diameter  and  containing  up  to  16  seeds. 
The  pods  of  C.  annua  are  almost  identical  with  those  of  C.  argyro - 
lobioides  Baker,  a  species  which,  in  the  writer’s  opinion,  should  be 
placed  in  the  section  Sphaerocarpae. 

Crotalaria  annua  was  found  growing  on  very  hard  dry  ground  in 
Brachystegia  woodland,  the  turf  of  which  had  been  removed  a  year  or 
so  previously.  Associated  with  it  were  Crotalaria  Jilicaulis  Welw.  ex 
Baker,  C.  Bequaertii  E.  G.  Baker,  Aster  Eylesii  (S.  Moore)  Milne- 
Redhead,*  Eragrostis  Chapelieri  Nees,  Melinis  macrochaeta  Stapf  et 
Hubbard,  and  Rhynchelytrum  repens  (Willd.)  C.  E.  Hubbard  (syn. 
R.  roseum  (Nees)  Stapf  et  Hubbard). — E.  Milne-Redhead. 

Fig.  1,  upper  part  of  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  terminal  leaflet  showing  upper 
surface,  x  2  ;  3,  terminal  leaflet  showing  lower  surface,  x  2  ;  4,  vexillum,  anterior 
view,  x  2 ;  5,  ala,  from  outside,  x  2;  6,  carina,  lateral  view,  x  2 ;  7,  portion  of 
androecium,  seen  from  within,  x  4 ;  8,  gynoecium  with  calyx  x  2 ;  9,  upper 
part  of  style,  x  4;  10,  legume,  natural  size;  11,  longitudinal  section  of  legume 
showing  placentation,  natural  size  ;  12,  seed,  x  6. 


*  Aster  Eylesii  (S.  Moore )  Milne- Redhead,  comb.  nov. :  Felicia  Eylesii  S.  Moore 
in  Journ.  Bot.  lxiv.  304  (1926). 


Tabula  3244. 

CROTA  LABIA  PRAECOX  Milne -Redhead. 

Leouminosae.  Tribus  Genisteae. 

C.  (Sphaerocarpae)  praecox  Mibie- Redhead ;  species  nova,  peraflinis 
C.  bicolorx  I.  M.  Johnston,  a  qua  rhizomate  repente,  foliolis  latioribus 
et  brevioribus  differt. 


Herba  perennis,  rhizomate  repente  crasso.  Caules  valde  numerosi 
erecti  vel  decumbentes,  subsimplices,  circiter  15  cm.  longi,  vetustiores 
longiores,  minute  sulcato-striati,  puberuli  vel  parce  canescenti- 
pubescentes,  internodiis  5-15  mm.  longis.  Folia  petiolata,  trifoliolata 
stipulata,  stipulis  minutissimis  caducis  ;  petioli  adscendentes,  2-6  mm 
longi,  supra  late  excavati,  parce  adpresse  pubescentes  ;  foliola  obovata 
vel  oblanceolata,  apice  subacuta  vel  obtusa  vel  truncata,  vix  mucro- 
nulata,  basin  versus  in  petiolulum  minutissimum  tomentosum  cuneata 
3-10  mm  long.,  1-5-3-5  mm.  1.,.,  »„p„  gl.bra,  ral„„T  X*  ’ 
pubescentes  ;  costa  supra  sulcata,  subtus  prorninula  ;  nervi  Iaterale* 
utrinque  mconspicui.  Racemi  terminales,  densiusculi  VeHaxl  1-9  cm 
!™gV  rl,ache8  PllIS  mmusve  angulati,  pubescentes  ;  bracteae  lineares’ 
,  2  mm'  lo^ac-  pubescentes;  pedicelli  adscendentes  1-4  mm’ 

longi,  parce  adpresse  pubescentes.  Calyx  5-dentatus  1  mm 

elabrum  TLmT  m‘  latum-  extra  Pa™  pubescens,  intus 

glabrum  Iuteum  purpureo-hneatum  ;  alae  obovato-obloimae  6  mm 

Sndato  aSir46’  ‘“T'  P^pUreo'lineatae  5  marina  infra ’medium 
m  r°8trUm1.leVlter  curvatum  prolata,  6  mm.  longa, 
1  mm  i  ’  U  ’  PurPureo-lmeata.  Stamina  fertilia  antheris  ultra 
valde  ;  Jg!S  ;  fiamina  ab°rtiva  Circiter  2  mm-  longiora,  antheris 
2-3-ovnll  8:  °?nT  CirClter  2  mm'  lon“unb  parce  pubescens, 
Leaumrn  Um-i*  8t^!us  ®  mm*  l°ngus,  apicem  versus  utrinque  ciliatus. 
2-5  mn,  1se^slle>  elhpsoideum,  postice  applanatum,  3-5  mm.  longum, 
n>  1-2-spermum. 

Bracing ERN  ^II0DESIA-  Mwinilunga  District :  in  open  space  in 
1930  i ^^dland,  after  grass  fire,  near  Matonchi  Farm,  1  Sept, 
thick  rl  *l  ne'^e^lca^  1010  : — Perennial  herb  with  running  habit  and 
shnn*0  UZorae  ;  flowers  yellow  with  purple  veinings ;  old  unburnt 
much  longer  than  young  flowering  shoots. 


2 


C.  praecox  is  one  of  the  few  perennial  species  belonging  to  the  section 
Sphaerocarpae ,  and  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  Angolan  C.  bicolor 
Johnston.  It  differs  from  C.  bicolor ,  however,  in  possessing  under¬ 
ground  horizontal  stems,  from  buds  on  which  new  plants  develop, 
resulting  in  the  production  of  colonies  of  the  species  by  vegetative 
means.  The  plant  figured  was  collected  early  in  the  season,  when  it 
flowers  profusely.  At  a  later  date,  probably  during  the  rains,  it  pro¬ 
duces  shoots  considerably  longer  than  those  shown  in  the  figure,  but 
whether  it  bears  flowers  on  these  or  whether  they  are  just  sterile  leafy 
shoots  is  not  known.  The  fruits  develop  and  ripen  very  quickly,  the 
plants  being  in  fruit  before  the  later  flowers  have  opened. 

E.  Milne-Redhead. 


Fig.  1,  plant  in  flowering  stage,  natural  size;  2,  vexillum,  x  4;  3,  ala,  from 
without,  x  4  ;  4,  carina,  x  4  ;  5,  androecium  opened  out,  posterior  view,  x  4  ; 
6,  calyx  and  gynoecium,  x  4 ;  7,  gynoecium,  x  4  ;  8,  upper  part  of  style  with 
stigma,  x  6  ;  9,  portion  of  fruiting  branch,  x  2  ;  10,  legume,  opened  showing 
seeds,  x  4 ;  11,  seed,  x  8. 


J 


C J246 


Tabula  3245. 

CROTALARIA  STREPTORRHYNCHA  Milne-Redhead. 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Genisteae. 

C.  (Sphaerocarpae)  streptorrhyncha  Milne-Redhead;  species  nova, 
a  ceteris  speciebus  africanis  hujus  sectionis  inflorescentiis  densis  sub- 
fasciculatis  vel  brevissime  racemosis  ex  axillis  petiolorum  persistentium 
exortis  differt. 


Herba  annua,  caule  erecto  simplici  circiter  5  dm.  alto  plus  minusve 
striato  adpresse  albo-pubescente  basin  versus  puberulo  vel  glabro, 
internodiis  1-2  cm.  longis.  Stipidae  minutissimae,  adpresse  albo- 
pubescentes.  Folia  petiolata,  trifoliolata,  5-5*5  cm.  longa  ;  petioli 
adscendentes,  1-5-2-5  cm.  longi,  supra  profunde  sulcati,  p’arce  ad¬ 
presse  albo-pubescentes  ;  foliola  oblongo-obovata,  apice  rotundata  vel 
subtruncata,  basin  versus  in  petiolulum  minutissimum  attenuata 
2-3  cm.  longa,  9-11  mm.  lata,  supra  glabra,  subtus  adpresse  albo- 
pubescentes;  costa  supra  letter  sulcata,  mconspicua,  subtus  prominula- 
nervi  laterales  supra  valde  inconspicui,  subtus  vix  prominuli  Inflores- 
centiae  densae,  brevissime  racemosae  vel  subfasciculatae  ex  axillis 
petiolorum  persistentium  exortae  •  rhaches  2  3  mm  l  X  u  8 

itrr  “t  4 1  £Si 

4  mm.  longae  albo-pubescentes;  pedicelli  vix  2  mm.  longi  albo- 
1  lescentes,  bracteolae  infra  calyccm  subulatae,  3  mm.  longae"  '  Calm 

adpresse  al  bo-pubescens.  intus  glaber;  tubS 

5  r  o  g  S;  dentes  lanceolati  vel  ovato-lanceolati,  acuminati, 

Hiigustior  gFcr  H  1  ’  P  US  minU8Ve  imbricati>  anticus  ceteris 

baL  vI',  f  f  Um  °bovatum’  aP‘cem  versus  truncato-rotundatum, 
superne  nn  ^  ^  c“eatum’  9  mm-  longum,  7  mm.  latum,  luteum, 
9  mm  lnnJ*  ltMQ  *?e<*lum  versus  pubescens ;  alae  obovato-oblongae, 
Medium  *  i  mm’  ,ae*  luteae>  purpureo-lineatae  ;  carina  infra 
tortilem  V  !”  oUn  aD?U  ata’  aP^cem  versus  in  rostrum  rectum 

fertilia  U  f  mm'  ^on^a>  ^*5  mm.  lata,  pallide  lutea.  Stamina 

primum  for!  rfnt  i  8  -  ^  mm*  l°ng*8  instructa  ;  stamina  abortiva  5, 
redactm  m*  1  °US-  ^viora,  demum  iis  2  mm.  longiora,  antheris  valde 
subclabrn*  nut.lsslmis  P^nicillatis.  Ovarium  circiter  4  mm.  longum, 
apicem  ^  V°  Pos^!ce  sParse  hirsutum  ;  stylus  circiter  6  mm.  longus, 
^ersus  utrinque  bre viter  pubescens.  Legumen  maturum 
’  inunaturum  sphaericum,  ovulis  2. 


2 


Northern  Rhodesia.  Solwezi  District :  by  path  through  Brachy- 
stegia  woodland  at  Mutanda  Bridge,  21  June  1930,  Milne-Redhead 
569  : — Erect  annual  with  trifoliolate  leaves  and  yellow  flowers  in 
axillary  clusters.  Only  one  specimen  seen. 

Although  fruits  of  this  species  are  unknown,  it  seems  safe  to  place  it 
in  the  section  Sphaerocarpae  on  account  of  its  biovulate  ovary.  Within 
this  section,  however,  it  is  not  easy  to  find  an  affinity  for  it,  as,  on  account 
of  the  fasciculate  inflorescence  in  the  axils  of  the  old  leaves,  C.  streptor¬ 
rhyncha  does  not  fit  into  any  of  the  eight  subdivisions  of  the  section 
used  by  E.  G.  Baker  in  his  account  of  the  African  species  of  Crotalaria 
(Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xlii.  273).  Amongst  African  Crotalariae ,  C.  axillaris 
Dryand.  alone  has  a  somewhat  similar  habit,  but  it  is  a  member  of  the 
section  Eucrotalaria ,  and  is  not  nearly  related  to  C.  streptorrhyncha. 

A  feature  well  shown  in  this  Crotalaria  is  that  the  filaments  of  the 
small-anthered  stamens  continue  to  lengthen  after  those  bearing  the 
large  anthers  have  reached  their  full  length.  If  a  bud  or  young  flower  is 
examined,  the  former  set  will  be  found  to  be  shorter  than  those  bearing 
the  larger  anthers,  whilst  in  an  old  flower  they  will  have  grown  out  to 
nearly  double  their  length.  The  small  anthers  are  penicillate-hairy, 
and  it  is  possible  that  they  help  to  brush  the  pollen  up  towards  the 
stigma  and  out  at  the  end  of  the  keel  when  they  grow  up  past  the 
dehiscing  fertile  anthers,  which  are  situated  considerably  below  the 
stigma  within  the  beak  of  the  keel.  In  one  of  the  flowers  examined 
six  fertile  stamens  were  present  (fig.  6).  The  twisting  of  the  beak  of 
the  keel  is  very  noticeable  in  this  species,  a  character  which  is  not  in¬ 
frequent  in  certain  sections  of  the  genus,  but  which  is  seldom  mentioned 
in  descriptions. 

Crotalaria  streptorrhyncha  is  another  of  the  numerous  annuals  which 
are  endemic  in  the  great  plateau  area  of  southern  tropical  Africa,  the 
flora  of  which  is,  at  the  present  moment,  very  incompletely  known. 
In  this  area  the  distribution  of  many  of  the  annual  species  is  remark¬ 
ably  local.  In  the  course  of  covering  about  300  miles  on  foot  in  the 
Solwezi  and  Mwinilunga  Districts  of  Northern  Rhodesia,  the  writer  found 
this  plant  only  once,  although  one  would  expect  it,  as  a  weed  of  waste 
places,  to  be  of  frequent  occurrence.— E.  Milne-Redhead. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size;  2,  calyx,  x  2;  3,  vexillum,  from  within,  x4; 
4,  ala.  x  4  ;  5,  carina,  x  4  ;  6,  staminal  sheath  from  within,  first  stage,  with  one 
additional  perfect  stamen,  x  4  ;  7,  part  of  staminal  sheath,  later  stage,  with  the 
filaments  of  the  staminodes  elongated,  x  4  ;  8,  antherode,  x  16 ;  9,  gynoecium, 

x  4 


<3246 


Tabula  3246. 

BOLUSIA  RESUPINATA  Milne- Red  head. 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Genisteae. 

B.  resupinata  Milne- Red  head  ;  species  nova,  a  B.  amboensi  (Schinz) 
Harms  floribus  resupinatis,  carina  basin  versus  incurva,  caulibus  et 
foliis  albo-pilosis  valde  distincta. 

Herba  perennis,  usque  9  dm.  alta.  Caules  erecti  vel  adscendentes, 
plus  minusve  ramosi,  teretes,  inconspicue  striati,  breviter  albo-pilosi, 
demum  glabrescentcs,  foliosi ;  internodia  1*5-3  cm.  longa.  Stipulae 
a  petiolo  liberae,  conspicuae,  foliosae,  oblique  ovatae,  postice  gibbosae, 
acute  apiculatae,  basi  rotundatae  vel  subcordatae,  usque  13  mm. 
longae  et  8  mm.  latae,  albo-pilosae.  Folia  digitatim  3-foliolata,  albo- 
pilosa  ;  petioli  usque  9  mm.  longi,  teretes  ;  foliola  oblanceolata,  apice 
rotundata  et  conspicue  apiculata,  basi  in  petiolulum  brevissimum 
attenuata,  usque  3  cm.  longa  et  13  mm.  lata,  lateralia  aliquanto  minora  ; 
costa  utrinque  prominula ;  nervi  laterales  circiter  5,  inconspicui>, 
exsiccando  prominuli.  Racerni  axillares,  abortu  uniflori ;  pedunculi 
l-2*o  cm.  longi,  albo-pilosi ;  bracteae  lanceolatae,  acutae,  circiter 
5  mm.  longae  et  1  mm.  latae ;  pedicellus  3-4  mm.  longus,  valde  re- 
curvatus  flore  itaque  inverso,  basin  versus  bibracteolatus,  parce  albo- 
pilosus  ;  bracteolae  lanceolatae,  acutae,  circiter  4  mm.  longae.  Calyx 
infundibuliformis,  circiter  9  mm.  longus ;  lobi  liberi,  lanceolati,  acuti, 
circiter  o  mm.  longi,  postici  vexillo  expanso  valde  recurvati ;  calyx 
extra  albo-pilosus,  intus  glaber.  Vexillum  alte  cucullatum,  apice  pro- 
funde  bifidum,  basi  unguiculatum,  ungue  4  mm.  longo  valde  (per  180°) 
recurvato  et  in  basin  conca^am  vexilli  valde  adpresso,  circiter  1  cm. 
ahum  et  7  mm.  diametro,  postice  extra  medium  versus  albo-pilosum, 
ceterum  glabrum.  Aloe  obovatae,  basi  in  unguem  valde  angustatae, 
>asin  versus  auriculatae,  auricula  2  mm.  longa  valde  reflexa,  circiter 
nmi  longae  et  6  mm.  latae.  Carina  basin  versus  incurva,  superne 
in  cyclos  tres  spiraliter  contorta,  angustissima,  circiter  5  cm.  longa 
e  y  mrn-  lata.  Stamen  vexillare  a  basi  liberum,  cetera  connata  ; 
sanunum  longiorum  antherae  ovatae,  minutae,  filamenta  circiter 
1  ,).^m*  l°nga,  breviorum  antherae  lineari-lanceolatae,  1*5  mm.  longae, 
la.Mtixae,  filamenta  usque  3  cm.  longa;  vagina  medium  versus  circiter 
' lx}-  l°nga  ;  stamen  vexillare  anthera  minuta  ovata  instructum. 

Wnutn  sessile,  circiter  5  ram.  longum,  multiovulatum  ;  stylus  circiter 


2 


4-5  cm.  longus,  ut  carina  ter  spiralitcr  contortus,  glaber ;  stigma 
oblique  terminale,  dense  barbatum.  Legumen  ut  flos  inversum, 
oblongum,  apice  styli  basi  persistente  rostratum,  turgidum,  2- valve, 
intus  continuum.  Semina  rotundata,  compressa,  vix  4  mm.  diametro, 
basi  valde  cordata,  estrophiolata,  funiculis  filiformibus  circiter  2  mm. 
longis. 

Northern  Rhodesia.  Mpika  District :  on  poor  white  soil  derived 
from  quartzites  and  sandstones  near  the  top  of  a  rocky  ridge,  Musha 
Hills  near  Kanona  on  the  Mpika-Broken  Hill  road,  about  1700  m., 
8  April  1932,  St.  Clair  Thompson  1283  : — Erect  herb  up  to  9  dm.,  but 
usually  6  dm.  high  ;  petals  yellow ;  stamens  and  style  enclosed  in  a 
spirally  twisted  envelope  ;  fairly  frequent  on  ground  incompletely 
colonized  by  herbs  and  grasses,  growing  with  Anthephora  acuminata 
Robyns,  Cyperus  sp.  and  Xyris  sp. 

In  the  absence  of  flowers,  this  plant  appears  to  be  practically  indis¬ 
tinguishable  from  the  subsection  Stipulosae  of  Crotalaria ,  section 
Eucrotalaria ,  for  the  legumes  and  seeds,  although  not  quite  mature  in 
the  available  material,  are  remarkably  similar  to  those  of  the  latter 
genus,  and  their  inversion  might  be  thought  to  be  accidental.  How¬ 
ever,  on  examination  of  the  flowers,  one  finds  a  number  of  very  striking 
and  taxonomically  important  distinctions.  The  keel  petals  are  very 
long  and  narrow,  and  form  a  tube  which  is  at  first  sharply  bent  upwards 
and  backwards,  as  in  Crotalaria ,  but  is  then  coiled  spirally  into  three 
complete  turns.  At  the  first  bend  of  the  keel  there  are  two  small  out¬ 
wardly  projecting  prominences  on  to  which  the  reflexed  auricles  of  the 
two  wing  petals  are  hooked.  The  vexillary  stamen  is  free,  and  ap¬ 
parently  bears  a  small  anther,  although  one  was  not  actually  seen 
attached  to  the  filament  in  the  flowers  examined.  The  five  long  anthers 
are  on  short  filaments,  and  the  small  anthers  are  on  long  filaments  and 
reach  to  the  end  of  the  keel  tube.  The  style  follows  the  keel  exactly, 
and  is  quite  glabrous,  the  stigma  alone  being  hairy.  The  deeply  hooded 
standard,  with  a  strongly  reflexed  claw  which  fits  into  the  groove  above 
it,  has  no  parallel  in  Crotalaria.  The  inversion  of  the  flowers — brought 
about  by  the  bending  backwards  of  the  pedicel,  so  that  the  subtending 
bract  appears  above  and  behind  the  flower — is  probably  connected  with 
the  pollination  mechanism. 

It  was  at  first  thought  that  this  plant  represented  a  new  genus  in  the 
Genisteae ,  but  investigation  shows  that  it  belongs  to  the  small  and 
little  known  genus  Bolusia  Benth.,  endemic  in  southern  Africa,  and 
hitherto  placed  in  the  Galegeae.  Bolusia  was  based  on  B.  capensis 
Benth.  in  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  t.  1163  (1873).  Two  additional  species  have 
since  been  described,  but  it  is  probable  that  B.  rhodesiana  Corbishle) 
will  have  to  be  reduced  to  B.  amhoensis  (Schinz)  Harms.  Although  in 
many  respects  B.  resupinata  strongly  resembles  the  other  species,  i 
differs  from  them  in  having  its  flowers  inverted.  However,  the  P°.sse® 
sion  of  an  additional  bend  towards  the  base  of  the  keel  in  B.  re&upma 


3 


results  in  the  spiral  mechanism  being  in  the  same  position  relatively  to 
the  ground  in  all  the  species.  The  inflorescence  is,  by  reduction,  one- 
flowered,  which  makes  it  possible  for  the  pedicels  to  bend  backwards. 

After  careful  consideration  I  feel  satisfied  that  the  most  natural 
position  for  Bolusia  is  in  the  Genisteae  near  Crotalaria ,  and  not,  as  was 
suggested  by  Bentham,  next  to  Sylitra  in  the  Galegeae*  In  the 
Genisteae  it  is  exceptional  in  having  the  vexillary  stamen  free,  but  it 
agrees  in  the  unifoliolate  or  digitately  trifoliolate  leaves  and  in  the 
dimorphic  anthers. — E.  Milne-Redhead. 

1.  flowering  stem,  natural  size;  2,  portion  of  fruiting  branch,  natural 
size ;  3,  4,  vexillum,  anterior  and  lateral  views,  x  2  ;  5,  ala,  from  within,  x  2  ; 
o,  carina,  lateral  view,  x  2  ;  7,  androecium,  natural  size  ;  8,  gynoecium,  lateral 
view,  x  2  ;  9,  stigma,  x  12. 


i  *  key  to  Leguminosae  in  “The  Flowering  Plants  of  Africa  ”  Thonner 

placed  Bolusia  in  the  Genisteae. 


C 1247 


Tabula  3247. 

EHADAMANTHUS  UBANTHERUS  R.  A.  Dyer. 

Liliaceae.  Tribus  Scilleae. 

R.  urantherus  R  A.  Dyer ;  species  nova,  affinis  R.  convallarioidd 
Sal  is  b.,  a  quo  flonbus  multo  minonbus,  antheris  basi  plus  minusve 
caudatis,  stylo  brevissimo  differt. 

Bulbus  tunicatus,  subglobosus,  1-5-3  cm.  diametro,  collo  0-5-1  cm 
longo,  nonnunquam  in  duos  bulbos  divisus.  Folia  2-8,  filiformia 
teretia,  acuta,  recta  vel  superne  curvata,  4-6  cm.  longa,  0-5-0*75  mm' 
diametro,  glabra.  Scapus  gracilis,  simplex  vel  subsirnplex,  12-30  cm 
altus,  minutissime  puberulus,  statu  aphyllo  editus.  Flores  12-20  in 
racemum  terminalem  3-12  cm.  longum  dispositi ;  bracteae  inferiors 
1-1-75  mm.  longae,  glabrae,  basi  infra  insertionem  in  calcar  1-1  -5  mm 
longum  productae,  superiores  minores ;  pedicelli  gracillimi  0-75 
1-5  cm  longi  Perianthium  in  alabastro  globosum ;  tubus’ basalis 
circiter  Imm.  longus  ;  lobi  subcampanulato-conniventes  vel  natentes 
subaequales  vel  exteriores  paullo  angustiores,  suborbiculati  vel  late 
oblongi,  apice  rotundati,  circiter  3-5  mm.  longi,  3  mm.  lati,  dilute  fusci 
medio  colons  intensions  vittati,  1-nervii.  Stamina  basi  Ioborum  affixa 
filamenta  1  mm.  longa,  basi  paullum  dilatata  ;  antherae  oblongae  basi 
sagittatae  et  in  caudas  breves  vel  brevissimas  productae  circa  st’vlum 

ZSTSSSr  P" |X,r',!‘,l,liqUC" intror™"> d.hisceites.  ojL„ 

South  Africa.  Cape  Province :  Oudtshoorn  Division ;  bulbs 
growing  amongst  stones  one  mile  east  of  Oudtshoorn,  Miss  W.  Barker 
(type).  Specimens  cultivated  at  Kew  under  the  number  933/32. 

•  JJ"  im„P®rtant  diagnostic  character  of  the  genus  Rhadamanthus 
ins  ul  o^r  of  dchl8c.encf  of  ,the  others  by  means  of  oblique  pores, 
was  mil  by,i  u  o3,1'1,  the  r®  ated  genera  of  Scilleae.  This  character 
was  mentioned  by  Salisbury  (Gen.  37  :  1866)  in  the  original  description 

C  fCI1U8 antherae  filamento  confluentes  superne  foramine 
cuneato  ut  in  jralmia  dehiscentes.”  Bentham  and  Hooker  (Gen. 
Bl.  in.  808 ;  1883)  and  Baker  (Dyer,  FI.  Cap.  vi.  444:  1897)  merely 
statea  that  the  dehiscence  was  introrse,  and  some  difficulty  was  therefore 
experienced  in  assigning  the  present  species  to  the  right  genus.  Rhada- 
nianthus  was  founded  on  Hyacinthus  convallarioides  L.f.,  which  was 


2 


based  on  specimens  collected  by  Thunberg  south  of  the  Roggeveld  in 
the  Cape  Province.  The  type  was  kindly  sent  on  loan  from  the  Natural 
History  Museum,  Uppsala,  and  it  is  now  possible  to  confirm  the  state¬ 
ment  that  the  anthers  open  by  oblique  pores  about  half  their  length. 

An  examination  of  Bolus  7567  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  cited  by 
Baker,  Z.c.,  under  R.  convallarioides ,  shows  that  the  anthers  open  by 
longitudinal  slits,  an  essential  character  which  excludes  it  from  the 
genus  and  suggests  that  it  should  be  placed  in  Urgineopsis  Compton. 
There  has  since  been  received,  however,  a  specimen,  Bolus  13210, 
collected  “  in  declivibus  lapidosis  in  convalle  flum.  Hex  ”  which  agrees 
in  detail  with  Thunberg’s  plant  from  the  same  region.  Masson’s 
specimen  in  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History),  also  cited  by  Baker, 
Z.C.,  consists  of  two  inflorescences  :  the  right-hand  one  is  definitely 
R.  convallarioides ,  and  was  probably  collected  at  the  same  time  as 
Thunberg’s,  when  he  and  Masson  were  travelling  together.  The  left- 
hand  specimen  on  Masson’s  sheet  looks  somewhat  different  but  the 
material  is  insufficient  for  determination. 

Rhadamanthus  urantherus  is  distinguished  from  R.  convallarioides  by 
the  anther  thecae  being  shortly  tailed  at  the  base.  In  the  type  specimen 
the  length  of  the  tails  is  not  constant  and  in  some  flowers  is  very 
short,  but  in  no  case  are  the  tails  entirely  absent.  The  species  was 
introduced  to  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Kew,  in  a  consignment  of 
bulbs  forwarded  from  South  Africa  by  Miss  Winsome  Barker  during 
1932.  The  bulbs  flowered  in  March  of  the  following  year  in  the  leafless 
condition,  a  feature  common  to  certain  species  of  the  closely  allied 
genus  Urginea.  Two  to  eight  filiform  leaves  were  produced  from  each 
bulb  during  November  1933,  and  it  is  noteworthy  that  whereas  the 
peduncles  are  very  minutely  puberulous,  the  leaves  are  glabrous. 

The  allied  genus  Urgineopsis  was  founded  on  the  single  species 
U.  Salieri  from  the  Cape  Peninsula  (Journ.  Bot.  1930,  107)  and  “  differs 
from  Urginea  chiefly  in  the  markedly  gamophyllous  perianth  ”  and 
“  from  Rhadamanthus  in  the  erect  flowers  and  non-connivent  stamens.” 
Prior  to  the  publication  of  this,  Miss  A.  Duthie  in  Ann.  Univ.  Stellen¬ 
bosch,  vi.  sect.  A,  no.  2  (Feb.  1928),  gave  an  account  of  the  species 
of  Urginea  of  the  Stellenbosch  Flats.  In  this  paper  Miss  Duthie 
described  five  new  species,  three  of  them,  U.  pygmaea ,  U.  minor  and 
U.  gracilis ,  with  perianth-lobes  united  at  the  base.  At  the  same  time 
she  drew  attention  to  the  fact  that  U.  Dregei  Baker  (1897)  also  had  the 
perianth-lobes  united  at  the  base,  and  proposed  a  section  Pseudo- 
urginea  for  the  four  species  distinguished  by  this  character. 

R.  A.  Dyer. 

Fig.  1,  bulb  with  two  peduncles,  natural  size ;  2,  leaves  produced  later  in  the 
year  and  withering  prior  to  the  next  flowering  period,  natural  size  ;  3,  transverse 
section  of  leaf,  x  8 ;  4,  peduncle,  pedicel  and  spurred  bract,  x  8  ;  5,  adaxial 
view  of  spurred  bract,  x  8  ;  6,  open  flower  showing  slightly  united  perianth- 
lobes,  tailed  anthers  and  short  style,  x  4  ;  7,  adaxial  view  of  stamens,  showing 
basal  tails  and  apical  pores,  x  12  ;  8,  abaxial  view,  x  12  ;  9,  gynoecium,  x  8  ; 
10,  transverse  section  of  ovary,  x  8. 


Tabula  3248. 

NISSOLIA  HINTONI  Sandwith . 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Hedysareae. 

N.  Hintoni  Sandwith  ;  species  nova,  N.  laxiori  (Robinson)  Rose 
atque  N.  montanae  Rose  affinis,  ramulis  (setis  exceptis)  foliis  foliolisque 
ab  initio  omnino  glabris  nec  pubescentibus,  inflorescentiis  dense  setosis 
ceterum  glabris,  bracteis  conspicue  setoso-ciliatis,  racemis  elongatis 
saepius  speciose  paniculatis  nunquam  ad  pseudoverticillos  redactis 
diflfert ;  praeterea  a  N.  laxiore  calyce  setis  exceptis  glabro,  a  N.  montana 
dentibus  calycinis  multo  longioribus  distinguitur. 

Frutex  scandens  ;  ramuli  setis  exceptis  glaberrimi,  conspicue  haud 
dense  flavescenti-setosi ,  setis  vulgo  1-5  mm.  longis.  Stipulae  lanceo- 
latae,  sparse  setoso-ciliatae,  5-9  mm.  longae,  basi  1*2-2  mm.  latae. 
Folia  glabra  sed  petiolis  praecipue  dimidio  inferiore  setosis  ;  petioli 
3-7  cm.  longi ;  intemodium  rhacheos  inferius  1-2*2  cm.  longum, 
terminale  pro  rata  brevius  ;  petioluli  1-2*2  mm.  longi;  foliola  5, 
forma  atque  magnitudine  valde  variabilia,  suborbiculari-oblonga  vel 
oblonga,  foliolum  terminale  nonnunquam  obovato-oblongum,  utrinque 
rotundata,  obtusissima,  apice  1*5-3* 5  mm.  mucronata,  basi  rotundata 
vel  saepe  levissime  cordata,  1-6  cm.  longa,  0*7-3* 5  cm.  lata,  juniora 
tenuiter  adulta  firme  chartacea,  ab  initio  omnino  glabra,  nervis 
lateralibus  utroque  costae  latere  circiter  7-8,  his  venuliscum  in  foliolis 
vetustioribus  tantum  utrinque  prominulis.  Racemi  multiflori,  axillares, 
solitarii  vel  superne  saepius  secus  axin  longum  ita  dispositi  ut  panicu- 
lam  speciosam  floriferam  praebeant ;  racemi  solitarii,  4-8  cm.  longi ; 
paniculae  saepe  usque  ad  27  cm.  longi,  anguste  pyramidales,  racemis 
1*5-6  cm.  longis  nunquam  ad  pscudo-verticillos  redactis;  rhachis 
paniculae  racemorumque  dense  conspicue  setosa  ceterum  glaberrima  ; 
bracteae  anguste  lanceolato-subulatae,  conspicue  setoso-ciliatae,  valde 
vanabiles,  4-8  mm.  longae,  0*5-2  mm.  latae  ;  pedicelli  esetosi  vel 
sparsissime  setosi,  necnon  puberuli,  0*  6-1  •  1  cm.  longi.  Flores  siccitate 
1*2-1  *5  cm.  longi.  Calyx  turbinato-campanulatus,  truncatus,  4  mm. 
longus,  fere  5  mm.  latus,  in  pedicellum  1  mm.  supra  articulum  abrupte 
angustatus,  glaber  sed  sparse  conspicue  flavescenti-setosus ;  dentes 
subulati  ac  apice  seta  circiter  0*5  mm.  longa  tcrminati,  seta  inclusa 
superiores  fere  4  mm.  inferiores  3  mm.  longi.  Petala  siccitate  virides- 
centi-flava  ;  vexillum  cum  ungue  ad  1*4  cm.  longum,  ungue  circiter 


2 


3*2  mm.  longo  extra  dimidio  superiore  dense  pubescente,  lamina 
applanata  suborbiculari  1  cm.  lata  extra  praecipue  dimidio  inferior© 
dense  pubescente  ;  alae  ungue  5  mm.  longo  prope  apicem  ciliato, 
lamina  oblonga  9*5  mm.  longa  3*2  mm.  lata  prope  basin  ciliata  ; 
carinae  petala  laminis  dorso  cohaerentibus,  ungue  5  mm.  longo  dimidio 
superiore  ciliato,  lamina  9-5  mm.  longa  4-2  mm.  lata  prope  basin 
ciliata.  Stamina  ad  1*3  cm.  longa,  vagina  filamentisque  glabris. 
Omn’wmcylindricum,  5  mm.  longum,  1  mm.  diametro,  dense  flavescenti- 
pubescens,  stipite  fere  1  •  5  mm.  longo ;  stylus  inferne  sparsissime  pilosus, 
fere  8  mm.  longus ;  ovula  2-3.  Fructus  totus  4  *3-5  *3  cm.  longus, 
stipite  4-7  mm.  longo,  articulis  1-2,  inter  articulos  constrictus,  conspicue 
venosus,  praesertim  inferne  satis  dense  pilosulus,  stipite  articuloque 
inferiore  sparse  flavescenti-setosis,  ala  articuli  superioris  1*1-1  *4  cm. 
lata  apice  acuto  vel  obtuso. 

Mexico.  District  of  Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico  :  Carboneras, 
2030  m.,  fl.  Nov.  1932,  Hinton  2334  (type)  ;  edge  of  crater,  Volc&n, 
1530  m.,  fl.  Oct.  1932.  Hinton  2213  ;  Bejucos,  610  m.,  fl.  Nov.  1932, 
Hinton  2520  ;  barranca.  Ixtapan,  1000  m.,  fl.  Dec.  1932,  Hinton  2922  ; 
hill,  San  Lucas  del  Maiz,  fr.  Feb.  1933,  Hinton  3335  ;  “  stone  fence,” 
Rincon,  1930  m.,  fl.  Nov.  1933,  Hinton  5075.  All  these  collections 
were  described  as  a  vine. 

The  species  of  the  scandent  genus  Nissolia  are  somewhat  difficult  to 
separate  owing  to  evident  variability  in  certain  characters  such  as  the 
size  of  the  leaflets,  the  presence  or  absence  of  scattered  bristles  on  the 
brunchlets,  calyx  and  fruit,  and  the  development  of  the  axillary 
inflorescence.  The  present  species  is  clearly  well  marked  by  its  com¬ 
bination  of  the  following  features  :  completely  non-pubescent  branch- 
lets,  leaves  and  inflorescence  ;  copious  setcse  development  on  the 
branchlets,  and  particularly  on  the  inflorescence  and  the  margins  of  the 
conspicuous  bracts  ;  remarkably  well-developed  and  elongate  racemes 
and  panicles  ;  large  flowers  with  setose,  but  otherwise  glabrous  calyx 
and  long  calyx-teeth  ;  and  large  sparsely  setose  fruit.  The  fact  that 
Mr.  G.  B.  Hinton  has  made  as  many  as  six  collections  of  a  vine 
presenting  these  peculiar  characteristics  is  a  fair  guarantee  of  its 
specific  status  even  in  a  genus  whose  members  have  frequently  been 
regarded  as  ill-defined.— N.  Y.  Sandwith. 

Fig.  1,  part  of  branch  with  a  single  leaf  and  axillary  panicle,  natural  size; 
2,  calyx,  x  2  ;  3,  vexillum,  x  2  ;  4,  ala,  x  2  ;  5,  carina,  x  2 ;  6,  androecium, 
opened  out,  x  2  ;  7,  gynoecium,  x  4  ;  8,  fruit,  with  persistent  calyx,  natural 
size  ;  9,  longitudinal  section  of  basal  joint  of  fruit,  natural  size. 


Tabula  3249. 

PLATYMISCIUM  LASIOCARPUM  Sandwith. 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Dalbergieae. 

P.  lasiocarpum  Sandwith ;  species  nova,  P.  hebestachyo  Bentli. 
affinis,  foliolis  semper  5  basi  saepius  cuneatis  vel  saltern  obtusis  subtus 
pilosulis,  lobis  calycinis  margine  fere  glabris,  ovario  villoso  atque 
fructu  tomentoso  differt ;  P.  pubescens  Micheli,  species  austro- 
brasiliensis,  foliolis  multo  angustioribus  subtus  adpresse  pubescentibus, 
calyce  tomentoso  differt;  P.fragram  Rusby,  species  boliviensis  quae 
fructu  puberulo  gaudet,  foliolis  angustioribus  subtus  adpresse 
pubescentibus,  stipite  fructus  multo  breviore,  fructu  valde  reticulato- 
venoso  e  descriptione  dibert. 

Arbor  satis  magna,  ramulis  summis  teretibus  sulcatis,  annotinis 
satis  crebre  lenticellatis  pubescentibus  vel  glabrescentibus,  liornotinis 
griseo-fulvo-tomentosis.  Folia  verticillata,  imparipinnata,  usque 
33  cm.  longa,  petiolo  rhachique  crispule  pilosulo-pubcscentibus ; 
petiolus  5-8*5  cm.  longus  ;  interuodium  rhacheos  inferius  3*7-7  cm. 
longum,  superius  2-4*5  cm  .  longum  ;  petioluli  internodiis  crassiores, 
indumento  simili,  4-7  mm.  longi ;  foliola  5,  elliptica,  rarius  ovata  vel 
obovato-elliptica,  apice  breviter  obtuse  acuminata  vel  cuspidata,  basi 
cuneata  vel  obtusa,  raro  rotundata,  7-14  cm.  longa,  4-9*5  cm.  lata 
(foliolum  terminale  lateralibus  oppositis  semper  majus),  firme  chartacea, 
supra  nitida  glabra,  subtus  opaca  conspicue  sed  nervis  exceptis  baud 
dense  crispule  pilosula,  nervis  lateralibus  utrinque  circiter  8-12  supra 
prominulis  subtus  elevatis  marginem  versus  arcuato-anastomosantibus, 
rete  venularum  utrinque  prominulo.  Stipulae  delapsae.  Racemi 
axillares,  3-5  apice  ramulorum  congregati  itaque  pseudo-terminales, 
4-11  cm.  longi,  apice  nonnunquam  bifurcati,  densiflori,  statu  florifero 
usque  ad  2  cm.  lati,  densissime  griseo-pilosuli ;  pedicelli  brevissimi, 
indumento  conspicuo  simili,  1*5  mm.  longi;  bracteae  bracteolaeque 
haud  cito  eaducae,  obovatae  vel  obovato-oblongae,  rotundato-obtusae, 
2-2*3  mm.  longae,  1*2-1  *5  mm.  latae,  extra  dense  griseo-tomentosae. 
Calyx  anguste  campanulatus,  oculo  nudo  glaber,  siccitate  nigro- 
purpurascens,  sub  lente  forti  extra  minute  granulato-verruculosus  ac 
albo-lepidotus  ;  tubus  3*2  mm.  longus,  3  mm.  latus  ;  labium  superius 
1*5  mm.  longum,  ad  medium  in  lobos  duos  parvos  obtusos  fissum  ; 
labium  inferius  e  lobis  tribus  subaequalibus  (intermedio  majore) 


2 


deltoideo-triangularibus  obtusis  1*5  mm.  longis  ad  1-6  mm.  latis 
constans  ;  lobi  omnes  sub  lente  satis  sparse  ciliati.  Petala  ut  videtur 
flava,  glabra  ;  vexillum  ungue  1-5  mm.  longo,  lamina  late  orbiculari- 
elliptica  apice  rotundata  brevissime  emarginata  basi  rotundata  baud 
obliqua  8*5  mm.  longa  6*5-7  mm.  lata  ;  alae  ungue  2-2*2  mm.  longo, 
lamina  anguste  ovato-oblonga  basi  valde  obliqua  7  *2-7  *5  mm.  longa 
3-3*5  mm.  lata  ;  carinae  petala  dorso  cohaerentia,  ungue  2  mm.  longo, 
lamina  ei  alarum  simili,  basi  valde  obliqua,  latere  superiore  auriculato- 
cordato,  inferiore  in  unguem  attenuato,  7*5  mm.  longa,  2*8  mm.  lata. 
Stamina  10,  monadelpha,  glabra,  ad  6  mm.  longa.  Ovarium  dense 
pallide  fulvo-villosum,  circiter  2  mm.  longum,  stipite  2-2*5  mm.  longo 
pilosulo  vel  inf  erne  glabrescente ;  stylus  glaber,  2  mm.  longus ; 
ovulum  1.  Fructus  oblongus,  vix  maturus  ad  5  *5  cm.  longus  ad  1  *8  cm. 
latus,  chartaceus,  dense  molliter  griseo-velutino-tomentosus,  baud 
reticulato-venosus  ;  stipes  sub  maturitate  ad  1  *5  cm.  longus  ;  stamina 
persistentia  e  calyce  exserta. 

Mexico.  District  of  Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico :  tree  15  m. 
high  in  field,  Acatitlan,  fl.  19  Jan.  1933,  Hinton  3174  (type) ;  large 
tree  in  barranca,  Bejucos,  610  m.,  fr.  14  Feb.  1933,  Hinton  3389  ; 
tree  15  m.  bigb,  frequent  in  the  Luvianos  valley  near  the  base 
of  Nanchititla,  1450  m.,  foliage  only,  25  Dec.  1933,  Hinton  5396. 
Vernacular  name  “  Granadillo.” 

This  very  distinct  species  is  clearly  related  to  P.  hebestachyum  Benth. 
which  it’  resembles  in  the  facies  of  its  leaflets  and  inflorescence,  but  is 
remarkable  for  the  indumentum  of  the  leaflets,  ovary  and  fruit.  The 
remaining  species  assigned  to  the  genus  Platymisdum  are  glabrous  in 
these  parts  with  the  exception  of  the  South  Brazilian  P.  pubescens 
Micheli,  the  Bolivian  P.fragrans  Rusby,  and  the  Bolivian  P.  ellipticum 
Rusby.  Of  these  the  first  two  are  easily  distinguished  from  P.  lasio- 
carpum  by  the  characters  given  in  the  diagnostic  description  ;  no 
material  of  P.  pubescens  has  been  seen,  and  only  fragmentary  foliage 
of  P.  fragrans.  The  third,  P.  ellipticum ,  which  has  fulvous-sericeous 
fruits,  has  alternate  leaves,  small  alternate  leaflets,  and  a  pod  with 
the  upper  suture  slightly  winged,  characters  which  obviously  remove  it 
from  the  genus  Platymisdum . — N.  Y.  Sandwith. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  upper  part  of  leaf,  detached,  natural 
size ;  3,  lower  surface  of  leaf,  x  4 ;  4,  calyx,  showing  one  bracteole,  x  4 ; 
5,  vexillum,  x  4 ;  6,  ala,  x  4  ;  7,  carina,  x  4  ;  8,  androecium,  opened  out,  x  4 ; 
9,  gynoecium,  x  4  ;  10,  fruit,  natural  size. 


J260 


Tabula  3250. 

RHYNCHOSPORA  COMPUSA  Ballard . 

Cyperaceae.  Tribus  Rhynchosporeae. 

R.  confusa  Ballard ,  nom.  nov.  Syntrinema  brasiliense  Radik,  et 
Pfeiff.  ex  H.  Pfeiff.  in  Fedde,  Rep.  xxi.  238,  t.  21  A,  fig.  a  (1925),  quoad 
specim.,  excl.  char,  nonnull. — Affinis  R.  minarum  Steud.  a  qua  in- 
florescentia  congestiore  semper  monocephala,  bracteis  involucralibus 
brcvioribus  et  foliorum  basibus  vaginiformibus  latissimis  difiert. 

Planta  perennis.  Rhizoma  breviter  repens,  validum,  lignosum, 
nodosum,  foliorum  vetustiorum  basibus  dense  vestitum.  Folia 
numerosissima,  basalia,  imbricata,  usque  ad  16  cm.  longa  vel  ultra, 
basibus  vaginiformibus  chartaceis  fere  usque  ad  4  cm.  longis  et  2  cm. 
latis,  apice  abrupte  contracts,  marginibus  saepe  subhyalinis ;  laminae 
subcarinatae,  superne  attenuatae,  usque  ad  5  mm.  latae,  coriaceae, 
rigidiusculae,  inferne  marginibus  ciliatae  superne  scabridulae,  ceterum 
glabrae  laevesque.  Cuhni  usque  ad  10  cm.  longi  vel  ultra,  leviter 
complanati,  haud  triquetri,  striati,  glabri,  monocephali.  Inflorescentia 
composita,  late  obconica,  usque  ad  2  cm.  diametro,  pallide  rubro- 
brunnea  ;  bracteae  involucrales  numerosae,  imbricatae,  lanceolatae, 
acutae  vel  acuminatae,  usque  ad  1-8  cm.  longae,  4  mm.  latae,  spiculis 
raro  longiores,  striatae,  tenuiter  pubescentes  vel  apicem  versus  laxe 
pilosae  vel  glabrescentes.  Spiculae  dense  congestae,  elliptico-lanceolatae, 
7-10*5  mm.  longae,  2-3  mm.  latae,  lateraliter  complanatae,  3-6-florae, 
flores  2  inferiores  ceteri  Squamae  carinatae,  lateraliter  compressae, 
usque  ad  9  mm.  longae,  acutae  vel  obtusae,  plerumque  mucronatae  ; 
squamae  steriles  3.  Nux  immatura  atro-brunnea,  apice  minute 
rugulosa ;  stylus  simplex,  apice  truncatus  ;  setae  6,  fcrrugineae,  antrorse 
scabridae  ;  florum  juniorum  filamenta  plus  minusve  connata. 

Brazil.  Goyaz,  Aug.  1912,  Ph.  von  Lutzelburg  1223,  15483  ;  West 
Bahia  :  campinas  Boa  Esperan9a,  1912,  Ph.  von  Lutzelburg  15484. 

The  present  plant  was  first  described  by  H.  Pfeiffer  in  1925  under  the 
name  Syntrinema  brasiliense  Radik,  et  Pfeiff.  This  name  had  actually 
been  suggested  by  Radlkofer  ten  years  previously,  as  is  shown  by  a 
note  written  on  a  sheet  of  von  Lutzelburg  1223  in  the  herbarium  at 
Munich.  The  preparation  of  the  description  and  accompanying  notes, 


2 


however,  was  the  work  of  the  junior  author,  Radlkofer  being  95  years  of 
age  at  tho  time  it  was  written. 

The  description  is  accompanied  firstly  by  a  habit  figure  (fig.  a)  of  the 
plant  originally  seen  by  Radlkofer.  Secondly,  there  are  six  figures 
(figs,  c-h)  purporting  to  be  dissections  of  the  spikelet  of  Syntrinema , 
but  which,  quite  obviously,  belong  to  a  very  different  plant.  Lastly, 
a  ground  plan  of  the  spikelet  (fig.  b)  is  given  which  also  does  not  refer 
to  Syntrinema.  In  fact,  the  last  two  sets  of  drawings  illustrate  the 
genus  Chorisandra — a  genus  only  very  distantly  related  to  the  present 
one.  They  appear  to  be  adaptations  from  N.  E.  Brown’s  drawings  of 
that  genus  in  C.  B.  Clarke’s  “  Illustrations  of  Cyperaceae  ”  (t.  119). 

The  description  itself  is  also  a  mixture  combining  the  gross  mor¬ 
phological  features  of  Radlkofer’s  Syntrinema  with  the  floral  details 
of  one  or  more  species  of  Chorisandra .  Curiously  enough,  the  particular 
character  which  served  Radlkofer  as  a  basis  for  his  generic  name  is 
entirely  ignored.  In  1915  Radlkofer  wrote  as  follows  on  a  sheet  at 
Munich  :  “  Genus  Cyperacearum  novum,  ut  videtur,  cujus  stamina  in 
flor.  connata  nomen  Syntrinema  (S.  brasiliense)  supped  itant.” 

One  is  forced  to  conclude  that  the  published  description  was  partly 
based  on  figures  illustrating  dissections  of  Chorisandra ,  which  had  in 
some  way  become  associated  with  the  specimens  of  Syntrinema. 

Pfeiffer  must  have  had  some  misgivings,  however,  regarding 
Radlkofer’s  note  about  the  connate  stamens,  since,  in  his  remarks 
following  the  description,  he  mentions  that  neighbouring  male  flowers 
have  their  stamens  connate  at  the  base.  This  interpretation,  although 
quite  incorrect,  was  the  only  way  of  reconciling  Radlkofer’s  observa¬ 
tion  with  the  assumption  that  the  male  flowers  were  monandrous  as  in 
Chorisandra. 

The  expression  in  the  specific  description,  “  ovarium  2-lobum,  2- 
loculare  (an  semper  ?),”  calls  for  explanation.  It  probably  arose  from 
the  fact  that  in  N.  E.  Brown's  drawing  of  the  ground  plan  of  the 
Chorisandra  spikelet  two  small  round  objects  are  shown  within  tho 
ovary  wall.  To  the  uninitiated  these  might  seem  to  indicate  the 
presence  of  two  loculi  or  two  ovules,  whereas  in  reality  they  represent 
the  number  of  styles. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  in  1933  Dr.  Pfeiffer  placed  a  note  on  the 
sheet  of  von  Lutzelburg  1223  in  the  Munich  herbarium  to  the  effect  that 
the  original  description  required  emending.  Since  then  he  has  written 
saying  that  it  had  been  his  intention  to  publish  another  paper  and  a 
rectified  description,  but  that  he  would  refrain  from  doing  so  in  view  of 
the  present  investigation. 

The  stamens  in  Rhynchospora  confusa  arc  interesting.  In  the  early 
stages  of  the  male  flower,  and  possibly  also  in  the  hermaphrodite 
flower,  the  filaments  cohere,  to  what  extent  it  is  difficult  to  judge  from 
dried  material.  In  this  condition  the  stamens  reach  maturity.  A 
definite  articulation  is  present  between  filament  and  anther,  while 
the  anther  itself  is  peculiar  in  possessing  a  short  sterile  portion  above 
this  articulation.  When  the  anther  is  quite  mature  and  conditions 


3 


favour  dehiscence,  the  filament  apparently  lengthens  suddenly,  possibly 
by  rapid  elongation  of  individual  cells,  the  anther  emerges  from  the 
squamae  and  dehiscence  takes  place.  After  this,  the  anther  disarticu¬ 
lates  from  the  filament  and  drops  away. 

Exactly  the  same  arrangement  is  seen  in  Rhynchospora  hirta  Boeck. 
(R.  monadelpha  C.  B.  Clarke),  and  a  good  figure  showing  the  connate 
stamens  was  published  by  Lindman  in  Bih.  Svenska  Vet.-Akad. 
Handl.  xxvi.  Afd.  3,  No.  9,  t.  5  (1900). 

The  disarticulating  type  of  stamen  is  found  also  in  R.  globosa  Britton 
and  R.  minarum  C.  B.  Clarke,  although  connate  filaments  were  not 
observed.  Nees  also  draws  attention  to  this  type  in  Nov.  Act.  Nat. 
Cur.  xix.  Suppl.  1,  99  (1843),  where,  in  a  description  of  Sphaeroschoenus 
Wallichii  (Rhynchospora  Wallichiana  Kunth),  he  says,  “  antherae 
basi  veluti  in  stipitem  sterilem  filiformem  attenuatae  eiusque  opera 
filamento,  strictura  arguta  intercedente,  impositae,  ita  ut  primo  attactu 
defluant.” 

All  the  specimens  seen  of  Rhynchospora  coyifusa  had  obviously  been 
badly  burned,  so  that  our  illustration  may  not  be  altogether  typical. 
Uninjured  plants  probably  attain  much  larger  dimensions,  the  inflores¬ 
cences,  without  doubt,  being  borne  on  considerably  longer  culms. 

F.  Ballard. 

Fiq.  1,  entire  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  a  spikelet,  lateral  view,  x  6 ;  3,  a  young 
<j?  flower,  x  8 ;  4,  young  stamens  from  flower,  with  connate  filaments,  x  6 ; 
5,  an  old  £  flower,  with  anthers  shed,  x  3  ;  6,  very  young  nut,  x  32. 


if- 


4 


Tabula  3251. 

HYPERICUM  THASIUM  Griseb. 

Hypericaceae.  Tribus  Hypericeae. 

H.  thasium  Griseb.  Spic.  FI.  Rumel.  et  Bithyn.  i.  227  (1843)  ;  Boiss. 
FI.  Or.  i.  789  (1867),  et  Suppl.  130  (1888) ;  Halacsy  in  Oesterr.  Bot. 
Zeitschr.  xlii.  414  (1892) ;  Velenovsky  in  Sitz.  Bohm.  Ges.  Wiss.  1902, 
xxvii.  4 ;  Podpera  in  Verh.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  lii.  643  (1902) ; 
Davidoff  in  Spis.  Bulg.  Akad.  Nauk.  xii.  74  (1915) ;  Stefanoff  in  God. 
Sof.  Univ.  1918-20,  xv.-xvi.  81  (1921) ;  Hayek,  Prodr.  FI.  Penins. 
Balcan.  i.  531  (1925) ;  Stoyanoff  et  Stefanoff,  FI.  Bulg.  750  (1925), 
et  ed.  2,  708  (1933) ;  Stefanoff  in  God.  Agr.-lesov.  Fak.  Univ.  Sofia, 
xi.  160(1933) ;  herba  perennis  sepalis  aequilongis  bracteisque  longissime 
fimbriato-setaceis,  setis  (ciliis)  haud  glandulosis,  staminibus  pentadel- 
pliis,  ovario  quinqucloculari,  stylis  5,  a  congeneribus  facile  distinguenda. 

Herba  perennis,  glabra.  Radix  lignosa,  radices  secundarias  numero- 
sas  emittens.  Rhizoma  horizontaliter  curvatum.  Caules  numerosi, 
ascendentes,  fere  teretes,  usque  ad  5*5  dm.  alti,  internodiis  0-5-4  cm. 
longis  cavis  costis  longitudinalibus  duabus  praeditis.  Folia  linearia, 
infima  anguste  oblonga  vel  elliptico-oblonga,  obtusa,  basi  haud  vel  vix 
angustata,interdumleviter  cordato-amplexicaulia,  basi  haud  articulata, 
sessilia,  plerumque  1-2  cm.  longa  et  1-4  mm.  lata,  pellucido-punctata, 
margine  plus  minusve  revoluta  (in  siccitate)  et  remote  nigro-punctata. 
Inflorescentia  3-45-flora,  ramosa,  laxa  vel  subcompacta,  cymis  3-9-flori3 ; 
bracteae  superiores  lineares  vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  acuminatae,  circiter 

8  mm.  longae  et  1  mm.  latae,  longe  fimbriato-setaceae,  glandulis 
flavidis  pellucido-punctatae,  plus  minusve  nigro-punctatae.  Calyx 
profunde  5-partitus,  segmentis  ellipticis  aequilongis  1-1  cm.  longis 
2 -5-3 -5  mm.  latis  (setis  eglandulosis  exclusis)  3-5-nerviis  margine 
longe  barbato-setaceis  flavido-pellucido-punctatis  superne  margineque 
mgro-punctatis.  Peiala  obovato-oblonga,  usque  ad  2  cm.  longa  et 

9  mm.  lata,  fiava,  punctis  subremotis  fere  rotundis  nigris  j  uxta  inarginein 
una  serie  dispositis,  punctis  flavidis  elongatis  numerosis  in  paren- 
chymate  subsparse  inspersis,  venarum  reticulo  laxo.  Stamina  numero- 
sissima,  brevissime  pentadelpha,  8-10  mm.  longa ;  antherae  sub- 
rotundae,  0-75  mm.  longae,  connectivo  tenui  glandula  nigra  superne 
instructo.  Ovarium  elliptico-ovoideum,  5  mm.  longum,  3-5  mm. 


2 


diametro,  longitudinaliter  5-vittatum  et  striatum,  carpellis  dorso 
carinato-convexis  in  stigmata  5  (rarissime  6)  aequilonga  primo  erecta 
deinde  patentia  attenuatis. 

Thasos.  “  Frequens  inter  frutices  pr.  Panajia  alt.  0-200'  locis 
apricioribus,  ubi  consociatum  viget  cum  II.  perfoliate  et  perforate 
(substr.  calcar.)  ”  sec.  Grisebach,  l.c. ;  Limenas,  copiose,  4  Jun.  1891, 
in  prat,  arenos.,  Bornmuller  et  Sintenis  346. 

Thrace.  Phanar,  edge  of  cornfield,  sandy  soil  near  lagoon,  25  May 
1930,  //.  G.  Tedd  348A ;  Bouloustra,  19  June  1931,  sandy  fields  near 
sea  behind  dunes,  II.  G.  Tedd  348B. 

South  Bulgaria.  In  colie  Sevri  Kaja  ad  Harmanli,  Jun.  1901, 
StHbrny. 

Hypericum  thasium  is  the  sole  known  representative  of  the  section 
Thasia  Boiss.  (FI.  Or.  i.  785  :  1867),  a  section  distinguished  by  the 
herbaceous  habit,  subpentadelphous  stamens,  5  styles,  5-locular  ovary, 
5-valved  capsule,  and  equal  calyx  segments  which  do  not  enlarge  in 
fruit.  It  is  one  of  the  very  many  morphologically  and  taxonomically 
distinct  endemics  of  the  Balkan  Peninsula.  Originally  described  by 
Grisebach  from  Thasos  it  has  since  been  recorded  from  the  South 
Bulgarian  plain  near  Harmanli  and  from  lowland  localities  in  both 
eastern  and  western  Thrace.  Grisebach  (l.c.)  quotes  as  a  synonym 
Hypericum  foliis  linearibus ,  margine  revolutis ,  Forskal,  FI.  Aeg.  (Flor. 
Constant,  etc.)  p.  xxx.  (1775).  This  identification  is  very  doubtful 
and  must  remain  so  till  material  collected  by  Forskal  and  so  determined 
by  him  has  been  examined. 

Grisebach  refers  to  the  flowers  as  bibracteolate.  In  the  material 
dissected  two  bracteoles  have  never  been  found  associated  with  one 
flower.  In  the  flowers  of  lateral  cymes  a  single  bract-like  structure 
was  sometimes  (not  invariably)  found  at  the  base  of  the  pedicel  placed 
laterally  to  the  subtending  bract.  An  examination  of  abundant  living 
material  is  necessary  before  it  can  be  definitely  stated  whether  this  is 
a  true  bracteole  or  (as  the  writer  suspects)  a  bract  whose  axillary 
flower  is  not  produced  beyond  a  very  rudimentary  stage. 

Another  interesting  morphological  feature  is  the  transition  from 
foliage  leaves  to  bracts  and  sepals.  The  foliage  leaves  range  from 
narrowly  to  broadly  linear,  are  obtuse  at  the  apex,  and  more  or  less 
cordate-amplexicaul  to  truncate  at  the  base.  The  lowest  leaves,  those 
first  produced  on  the  chamaephytic  perennating  shoots,  are  usually 
broader  and  may  even  be  elliptic-oblong.  The  transition  from  the 
uppermost  foliage  leaves  to  the  first  bracts  subtending  inflorescence 
branches  is  sometimes  abrupt,  but  in  some  specimens  a  shortening  and 
relative  broadening  of  the  leaf  and  the  development  of  some  marginal 
bristles  occur  on  one  only  or  on  both  of  the  first  “  bract  ”  pair.  In 
specimens  with  luxuriant  inflorescences  the  leaves  subtending  the 
lower  inflorescence  branches  are  developed  as  ordinary  foliage  leaves. 
The  bracts  of  the  ultimate  cymes  show  some  range  in  size  but  frequently 


3 


both  in  this  and  in  other  characters  they  closely  resemble  the  narrower 
sepals  so  that  it  is  possible  to  arrange  a  series  of  transitions  showing  no 
real  break  from  typical  foliage  leaves  to  sepals. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fig.  1,  upper  part  of  flowering  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  lower  part  of  flowering 
plant,  natural  size ;  3,  portion  of  leaf  showing  lower  surface,  x  8;  4,  bract,  x  4; 
5,  two  sepals,  showing  upper  surface,  x  4 ;  6,  petal,  x  3  ;  7,  portion  of  stamen 
bundle,  x  3  ;  8,  gynoecium,  x  6 ;  9,  transverse  section  of  ovary,  x  6. 


t 


8252 


Tabula  3252. 

ASTRAGALUS  GLYCYPHYLLOIDES  DC. 

Leguminosae.  Tribus  Galegeae. 

A.  glycyphylloides  DC.  in  DC.  Prodr.  ii.  292  (1825)  ;  Ledebour,  FI. 
Ross.  i.  621  (1842)  ;  Boiss.  FI.  Or.  ii.  267  (1872) ;  Pan6.  FI.  Princ. 
Serb.  246  (1874) ;  Schmalhausen,  FI.  Sredn.  i  Yuzhn.  Ross.  273  (1895) ; 
Halacsy,  Consp.  FI.  Graec.  i.  438  (1900),  et  Suppl.  2  in  Mag.  Bot.  Lap. 
xi.  142  (1912) ;  Velenovsky  in  Sitz.  Bohm.  Ges.  Wiss.  1903,  xxviii.  4  ; 
Aschers.  u.  Graebn.  Syn.  Mitteleur.  FI.  vi.  2.  761  (1909) ;  Fedtschenko, 
FI.  Evrop.  Ross.  571  (1910) ;  Stoyanofl  et  Stefanoff,  FI.  Bulg.  663 
(1925),  et  ed.  2,  623  (1933) ;  Hayek,  Prodr.  FI.  Penins.  Balcan.  i.  775 
(1926).  A.  serbicus  Pand.  ex  Boiss.  l.c.  268  in  syn.,  nomen  solum; 
Beck  in  Reichb.  Ic.  FI.  Germ.  xxii.  102  (1903),  et  Flora  Bosne,  278 
(1927) ;  non  Wettstein.  A.  glycyphylloides  var.  serbicus  Beck  in  Ann. 
Nat.  Hofmus.  Wien,  xi.  75  (1896) ;  Aschers.  u.  Graebn.  l.c. ;  Hayek 
l.c.  A.  galegijormis  Pan6.  in  Verh.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  vi.  482 
(1856),  non  L.,  fide  Janka  in  Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  xix.  117  (1869). 
A.  Petrovicii  Vel.  l.c.,  sec.  Hayek  l.c. — Ab  A.  glycyphyUo  L.  cauli- 
bus  pilosis,  calycibus  adpresse  nigro-hirtis,  leguminibus  brevioribus 
6-12-ovulatis  praecipue  differt. 

Caulis  suberectus,  subrigidus,  leviter  plus  minusve  patule  pilosus, 
usque  ad  1  m.  altus  (in  planta  culta).  Folia  7-22  cm.  longa,  7-17-juga  ; 
foliola  elliptica  vel  ovato-elliptica,  breviter  apiculata,  basi  rotundata, 
2-5*5  cm.  longa,  0*8-2  *2  cm.  lata,  supra  glabra,  subtus  patule  pilosa, 
margine  piloso-ciliata,  costa  nervisque  subtus  subprominentibus,  supra 
inconspicuis  ;  petioluli  1-2  mm.  longi,  dense  patule  pilosi ;  stipulae  e 
basi  triangulari  longe  subulato-lineares,  integrae,  nigro-pilosae,  mem- 
branaceae.  Racemi  floriferi  6-14  cm.  longi  (pedunculo  4*5-11*5  cm. 
longo  pilis  nigris  albisque  instructo  incluso),  fructiferi  vix  elongati, 
dense  8-17-flori;  pedicelli  1-1*5  mm.  longi;  bracteae  anguste  lineares 
vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  acuminatae,  3-4  mm.  longae,  circiter  0*5  mm. 
latae  ;  bracteolae  bracteis  similes  sed  minores.  Calycis  tubus  extra, 
dentes  utrinque,  sicut  bracteae,  bracteolae,  pedicelli,  racemi  rhachis, 
pilis  nigris  adpressis  copiosis  praediti ;  tubus  4*5  mm.  longus,  3*5  mm. 
diametro ;  dentes  anguste  lineari-subulati,  adaxiales  2*5  cm.  longi, 
abaxiales  3*5  cm.  longi.  Vexillum  1*4  cm.  longum,  7  nun.  latum  ; 
alao  1  *25  cm.  longae  ;  carina  1  •  15  cm.  longa.  Tubus  stafninahs  1  cm. 


2 


longus.  Ovarium  usque  ad  curvamen  1  cm.  longum  (stipite  2  mm. 
longo  incluso),  glabrum.  Legumen  oblongum,  2 -2-2  *5  cm.  longum 
(stipite  circiter  6  mm.  longo  et  stylo  persistente  2  mm.  longo  inclusis), 

.  4-5  mm.  diametro,  adaxialiter  valde  sulcatum,  junius  breviter  pilo- 
sum,  maturum  fere  glabrum.  Semina  6-12,  inaequaliter  reniformia, 
3-3*5  mm.  X  2-2*5  mm. 

Serbia.  In  sylvestribus  m.  Ozren,  Mai.-Jul.  1873,  Pandit. 

Bosnia.  In  silvis  montis  Trebevid,  c.  1200  m.,  4  Jul.  1906  et  5  Aug. 
1906,  Maly  ;  Trebevid,  21  June  1931,  GiUiat-Smith  2821  ;  cult,  in 
Herb.  Ground,  Kew,  1934,  from  seeds  communicated  by  Maly. 

Crimea.  Sine  loco,  Steven  ;  in  silvis  supra  pagum  Molbai,  21  Jun. 
1900,  Callier  683. 

Bithynia.  Olympus,  Aucher-Eloy  1298 ;  Mt.  Ida,  in  marmor. 
prop.  Kareikos,  Jul.  1883,  Sintenis  627  ;  in  regione  silvatica  montis 
Olympi,  supra  Brussa,  1000-1200  m.,  31  Mai.  1899,  Bornmuller  4385. 

Caucasus.  Iberia,  Steven. 

In  addition  to  the  records  given  above,  which  are  from  specimens  in 
the  Kew  Herbarium,  the  species,  in  the  sense  in  which  it  is  accepted 
here,  is  recorded  from  Greece,  Thessaly,  North  Macedonia,  Montenegro, 
and  Hercegovina,  as  well  as  from  additional  localities  in  the  areas 
named. 

The  chief  taxonomic  problem  which  has  had  to  be  elucidated  is  the 
relationship  of  A .  serbicus  Pand.  with  A .  glycyphylloides  DC.  T he  latter 
was  based  on  Steven’s  material  from  Iberia  (Caucasus).  Accepting  as 
authentic  the  Kew  material  (in  fruit)  thus  written  up,  no  structural 
differences  can  be  found  between  Steven’s  plant,  Crimean  specimens, 
and  those  from  the  Balkan  Peninsula,  apart  from  minor  fluctuations. 
Beck’s  note  that  the  description  of  De  Candolle  cannot  apply  to  material 
from  the  Balkan  Peninsula,  is  true  so  far  as  the  phrase  “  stipulis 
oblongis  substipitatis  foliaceis  ”  is  concerned.  Equally,  this  phrase 
cannot  apply  to  any  other  species  of  the  group  to  which  A.  glycyphyllus 
and  A.  glycyphylloides  belong.  It  is  suggested  here  that  De  Candolle 
mistook  a  pair  of  leaflets  for  stipules  either  through  their  being  mis¬ 
placed  in  mounted  material  or  by  not  correctly  interpreting  the  reduced 
leaves  which  sometimes  subtend  inflorescences  and  which  have  a  pair 
of  leaflets  very  low  down.  The  leaflets  of  the  pinnate  leaf  are  normally 
opposite,  except  for  the  odd  terminal  leaflet,  but  occasionally  a  sub¬ 
opposite  arrangement  appears. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fia.  1,  small  portion  of  upper  part  of  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  portion  of  lower 
surface  of  leaflet,  x  4;  3,  calyx,  x  3  ;  4,  vexillum,  x  3  ;  5,  ala,  adaxial  side, 
x  3;  6,  ala,  abaxial  side,  x  3;  7,  carina,  x  3;  8,  androecium,  x  3;  9,gynoecium, 
x  3;  10  and  11,  legumes,  x  1-5;  12,  seed,  x  4. 


32  <5  3 


o 

£ 

kA 


Tabula  3253. 

VERBASCUM  GRACILE  Turrill. 
SCROPHULAKIACEAE.  TribllS  VERBASCEAE. 


V.  gracile  Turrill ;  species  nova,  ab  affini  V.  nobili  Vel.  caule  plus 
minusve  stellato-tomentoso  viridi,  foliis  basalibus  fere  ad  costam 
profunde  pinnatipartitis  praecipue  recedens. 


Planta  biennis  (raro  perennans).  Radix  primaria  verticalis,  basi 
1*3  cm.  diametro.  Caulis  stricte  erectus,  rigidus,  foliosus,  teres,  basi 
adpresse  stellato-tomentosus,  canescens,  ceterum  viridis,  parce  stellato- 
tomentosus,  superne  valde  ramosus,  usque  ad  15-21  dm.  altus  (in 
cultis).  Folia  basalia  rosulam  formantia,  usque  ad  3-85  dm.  longa 
(petiolo  canaliculato  1*25  dm.  longo  incluso)  et  1  dm.  lata,  lamina 
ambitu  anguste  oblonga  apice  rotundata  obtusa  vel  subacuta,  matura 
inaequaliter  pinnatipartita,  segmentis  oblongis  vel  anguste  oblongis 
patentibus  usque  ad  5  cm.  longis  et  3*5  cm.  latis,  superioribus  plus 
minusve  confluentibus  acutis  vel  obtusis,  inferioribus  liberis  acutis  vel 
subacutis,  omnibus  irregulariter  dentatis  vel  sublobatis,  juniora  angus- 
tiora  grosse  dentata  haud  vel  vix  pinnatipartita,  omnia  supra  parce 
subtus  sat  dense  cano-  vel  albo-tomentosa,  pilis  stellatis  praedita ; 
folia  caulina  inferiora  basalibus  subsimilia  sed  petiolo  breviore,  media 
gradatim  minus  pinnatipartita  minoraque,  elliptica  vel  ovato-elliptica, 
breviter  acuminata,  1  *9-0*9  dm.  longa,  7 *5-3*5  cm.  lata,  sessilia, 
supenora  ovata,  multo  minora,  longe  sensim  acuminata,  in  bracteas 
gradatim  transeuntia.  Inflorescentia  laxe  paniculato-ramosa  (in  planta 
culta  ramis  numerosissimis  instructa),  ramis  tenuibus  rigidiusculis 
teretibus  glabris  vel  junioribus  plus  minusve  stellato-tomentellis. 
fasciculi  jam  sub  anthesi  remoti,  2-  (rarissime  3-)flori,  interdum 
ramorum  apicem  versus  flore  uno  abortivo  praediti ;  pedicelli  3-7  mm. 
:on8b  graciles,  ebracteolati ;  bracteae  ultimae  squamiformes,  ovato- 
anceolatae,  acutae,  2-2*5  mm.  longae,  1-1*5  mm.  latae,  virides, 
g  a  brae.  Calyx  2-3  mm.  longus,  fere  ad  basin  in  lacinias  oblongo- 
anceolatas  acutas  margine  glandulis  minutissimis  breviter  stipitatis 
vel  subsessilibus  obsitas  partitus,  ceterum  glaber.  Corolla  lutea, 
15-23  mm.  diametro,  leviter  (postice  praecipue)  pellucide  punctata, 
extra  intusque  glabra,  lobis  late  obovatis  fere  (inferioribus  praecipue) 
orbicularibus  6-8  mm.  longis  latisque.  Stamina  circiter  7  mm.  longa, 
nlamentis  abaxialibus  apice  nudis  ceterum  ut  adaxialibus  pilis  longis- 
simis  flavido-albidis  plus  minusve  clavatis  superne  densissime  villoso- 


2 


lanatis,  antheris  omnibus  reniformibus  medifixis.  Stylus  6-7*5  mm. 
longus,  glaber,  superne  subincrassatus,  stigmate  oblongo-spathulato 
terminatus ;  ovarium  ellipsoideo-ovoideum,  1*5-2  mm.  longum, 
1-1*25  mm.  diametro,  densissime  adpresseque  albido-stellato-tomen- 
tellum.  Capsula  late  ellipsoidea  vel  ellipsoideo-obovata,  leviter  com- 
planata,  truncata  et  leviter  emarginata,  3  •  5  mm.  longa,  3  mm.  diametro, 
matura  glabrescens,  plus  minusve  irregulariter  verruculosa.  Semina 
brcviter  obconico-prismatica,  0*6-0*75  mm.  longa,  0*4-0  *5  mm. 
diametro,  subseriatim  vel  interdum  irregulariter  foveolato-corrugata. 

Tiirace.  Near  Xanthie,  Soune  Mahalla,  92  m.,  4  June  1930, 
rocky  places  etc.  on  hill  slopes,  height  about  three  feet,  II.  G.  Tedd 
385  ;  grown  from  seed,  collected,  in  the  same  locality,  31  July  1931, 
in  the  Herbarium  Ground,  Kew,  1933,  as  K.  1019  and  K.  1020. 

The  genus  Verbascum  has  recently  been  monographed  by  Prof.  S. 
Murbeck  (Monographic  der  Gattung  Verbascum,  Lund,  1933),  and 
on  his  classification  the  species  here  described  must  be  placed  in 
Sect.  I.  Bothrosperma ,  Subsect.  I.  Fasciculata ,  B.  Isandra ,  b.  Ebracteo- 
lata ,  p  Leiantha.  Within  the  group  Leiantha  it  is  morphologically  allied 
to  V.  nobile  Vel.  and  V.  Nikolovii  Stoy.,  showing  some  characters  of 
one,  some  of  the  other.  It  is  with  the  former  that  the  closest  com¬ 
parison  can  be  drawn :  indeed,  it  is  specifically  separated  from 
V.  nobile  with  considerable  hesitation. 

Velenovsky  in  his  original  description  of  V.  nobile  (FI.  Bulg.  Suppl. 
209  :  1898)  noted  the  absence  of  leaves  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
stem,  which  is  purple.  Murbeck  (l.c.)  describes  the  stem  as 
“  atrorubens.”  The  specimens  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  show  this 
character  conspicuously,  while  the  material  of  V.  gracile  has  green 
stems  and  stem-branches.  Again,  the  basal  leaves  of  V.  nobile  are 
described  as  eleganter  multi-lobatis  ”  (Vel.)  or  with  the  lamina 
“  obovato-  v.  lanceolato-oblonga,  obtusa,  margine  nunc  subintegerrima 
v.  leviter  sinuato-undulata,  nunc  sinuato-lobata  i  plicata,  lobis  late 
rotundatis  integris  v.  infimis  rotundato-triangularibus  crenatis  ” 
(Murb.).  This  agrees  with  the  material  at  Kew  of  V.  nobile ,  but 
V .  gracile  has  pinnatipartite  basal  leaves  (in  both  wild  and  cultivated 
material).  V.  gracile  is  on  the  whole  more  hairy  (stellate-tomentose) 
than  is  V.  nobile — especially  on  the  stem.  Lastly  V.  nobile  is  so  far 
known  only  from  Bulgaria  (near  Tatar-Pazardjik,  Ali  KoSovo,  Plovdir, 
PeStera,  Trigrad),  considerably  to  the  north  of  Xanthie. 

V.  Nikolovii  was  described  by  Stoyanoff  (Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Bulg.  i. 
75  :  1926)  from  material  collected  “  ad  vias  prope  Kavala.”  In  the 
description  of  its  basal  leaves  as  “  fere  ad  medium  prof  unde  pinnati- 
partita  ”  it  seems  to  resemble  V.  gracile.  It  is,  however,  described  as 
a  much  smaller  plant  (Murb.),  with  an  aphyllous  glabrous  stem  (Stoy.). 
The  size  of  the  corolla  (3-3*5  cm.  diam.)  is  greater  than  that  of 
V.  gracile — or  any  other  species  of  the  group. 

In  addition  to  the  species  referred  to  above,  two  others  can  be 


3 


advantageously  compared  with  V.  gracile.  Mattfeld  and  Stefanoff 
described  (in  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Bulg.  i.  101,  t.  1  :  1926)  V.  Dingleri  from 
“  Kalkfelsen  bei  Derwent  (Derbent),  unweit  Dedeagatsch.”  The 
material  had  been  collected  by  H.  Dingier  fifty  years  previously.  The 
species,  while  belonging  to  the  same  group  as  V.  gracile ,  is  distinguished 
from  it  (and  from  other  allied  species)  by  the  bipmnatilobed  (better 
bipinnatipartite  or  bipinnatifid—according  to  the  plate)  basal  leaves. 
V.  pseudonobile  Stoy.  et  Stef,  (in  Jahrb.  xx.  Umv.  Sofia^  Agronom. 
Fak.  II.  69  :  1924)  is  distinguished  from  the  species  mentioned  above 
especially  by  the  presence  of  bracteoles  a  little  above  the  base  of  the 
primary  flower  of  every  fascicle.  While  it  is  thus  placed  by  Murbeck 
in  another  group  “  a.  Bracteolata,”  its  affinity  in  other  characters 
with  V.  gracile ,  V.  mobile ,  etc.  is  easily  recognized.  The  type  was 
originally  described  from  specimens  collected  “  in  rupibus  calcareis 
ad  montem  Ali-Botus,  prope  vie.  Petrovo  et  Gaitaninovo,”  and  a 
specimen  at  Kew  shows  that  it  is  distinct  from  V.  gracile.  Stoyanoff 
and  Stefanoff,  however,  describe  (l.c.)  a  “  var.  acutiloba  ”  in  the 
following  terms  :  “  lobis  foliorum  rosularum  acutis  subintegris.  Supra 
urbem  Xanti  (Thracia  mer.).”  It  is  possible  that  F.  pseudonobile 
var.  acutiloba  is  the  same  as  F.  gracile.  The  variety  is  apparently 
ignored  by  Murbeck  in  his  monograph. 

Some  stress  is  laid  by  authors  upon  the  height  to  which  the  species 
of  this  group  grow.  The  following  are  the  maximum  recorded  heights 
for  the  species  mentioned  above  :  F.  gracile ,  21  dm.  ;  F.  mobile , 
15  dm. ;  F.  Nikolovii,  4  dm. ;  F.  Dingleri ,  6  dm.  ;  F.  pseudonobile, 
8  dm. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

1'iG.  1,  entire  flowering  plant,  x  £  •,  2,  leaf  of  first  year  rosette,  natural  size ; 
3,  lateral  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  4,  flower  with  corolla  and  androecium 
removed,  x  6  ;  5,  three  lobes  of  corolla,  x  3  ;  6,  adaxial  stamen,  x  6  ;  7,  ovary 
and  lower  part  of  style,  x  12 ;  8,  portion  of  fruiting  branch,  natural  size; 
9,  capsule,  x  4  ;  10,  seed,  x  20. 


Tabula  3254. 

POLYGONUM  ICARICUM  K.  II.  Rechinger. 

POLYGONACEAE.  Tribus  EUPOLYGONEAE. 

P.  icaricum  K.  H.  Rechinger  in  Magyar  Bot.  Lap.  xxxiii.  8,  t.  3, 
fig.  3  (1934);  a  P.  setoso  Jacq.  habitu  dense  suflruticoso-caespitoso, 
foliis  acutis  brevioribus  latioribusque,  floribus  minoribus  facile  dis- 
tinguendum. 

Svffrutex  interne  valde  lignosus  et  identidem  ramosus,  usque  ad 
1«6  dm.  altus,  dense  multicaulis.  Caules  erecti  vel  ascendentes, 
glabri,  inferne  aphylli,  internodiis  superioribus  novellis  lierbaceis 
viridibus  5-10  mm.  longis  tenuibus  longitudinaliter  tenuiter  sed  pro- 
funde  sulcatis.  Folia  linearia  vel  anguste  elliptico-linearia,  8-12  mm. 
longa,  1*5-2  mm.  lata,  acuta,  haud  vel  vix  mucronata,  inferne  angustata 
sed  vix  vel  bre viter  petiolata,  pulvillo  0*5-0*75  mm.  longo  nervoso, 
marginibus  leviter  revolutis,  glabra,  viridia,  costa  supra  subprominente 
infra  prominente,  nervis  lateralibus  inconspicuis  vel  1-2  infra  praecipue 
subprominentibus ;  ochreae  hyalinae,  tubuloso-amplectentes  vel  plus 
minusve  fimbriato-lacerae,  3-7  mm.  longae,  multinerviae.  Flores  1-2 
in  foliorum  superiorum  minorum  axillis  orti ;  inflorescentia  1  *2-2  *5  cm. 
longa,  internodiis  2-5  mm.  longis ;  pedicelli  infra  articulationem  1  •  5  mm. 
longi,  supra  articulationem  ampliati  0*75  mm.  longi.  Perigonium 
corollinum,  rubicundo-album ;  tepala  5,  uninervia,  obsolete  venulosa, 
apice  rotundata,  externa  ovato-oblonga,  T75  mm.  longa,  1  mm.  lata, 
interna  oblonga,  2  mm.  longa,  1*3  mm.  lata.  Stamina  0*75-1*25  mm. 
longa,  3  leviter  majora  ;  filamenta  basi  ampliata,  superne  subulata. 
Gynoecium  immaturum  1*25  mm.  longum  ;  ovarium  triquetrum,  stylis 
brevibus. 

Ikaria  (Nikaria).  In  summo  jugo  supra  pagum  Hag.  Kyrikos,  in 
fissuris  rup.  gneiss.,  ca.  950  m.,  24-25  Jun.  1932,  K.  II.  Rechinger  2220. 

Samothrace.  Mt.  Fengari,  1480  m.,  in  crevices  of  vertical  rock, 
in  flower  28  June  1934,  II.  G.  Tedd  1472  A  dwarf  bushy  shrub  with 
pink-white  flowers. 

The  species  of  Polygonum  Sect.  Avicularia  are  generally  recognized 
as  forming  a  group  difficult  to  classify  in  a  clear  and  satisfactory 
manner.  This  applies  more  especially  to  the  annual  species  (§  Annua 


2 


Boiss.).  In  the  Mediterranean  Region  perennial  herbaceous  (§  Perennia 
Boiss.)  and  suffruticose  (§  Fruticulosa  Boiss.)  species  occur  in  increasing 
numbers  from  west  to  east,  reaching  a  maximum  in  the  area  from 
Syria  and  Asia  Minor  to  Persia.  Polygonum  equisetiforme  S.  et  S. 
and  P.  maritimum  L.  are  the  best-known  species  of  the  Perennia 
subsection  and  both  are  widespread  in  the  Mediterranean  Basin,  the 
former  also  extending  east  to  Afghanistan.  P.  longipes  Hal.  et  Charr. 
(Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  xl.  164  :  1890)  is  compared,  inter  alia ,  with 
P.  equisetiforme  and,  judging  from  the  description,  must  be  a  member 
of  the  same  subsection.  It  was  discovered  “  in  locis  siccis  ad  litora 
maris  Aegaei  prope  Thessalonicam  usque  ad  altitudinem  206  mt., 
nec  non  ad  vias  urbis,”  and  is  retained  by  Hayek  (Prod.  FI.  Penins. 
Balcan.  i.  110  :  1924)  as  a  valid  species,  but  his  reference  to  P.  creticum 
var.  graecum  Meisn.  has  not  been  traced.  P.  icaricum  must  be  placed 
in  the  subsection  Fruticulosa ,  and  appears  to  be  most  closely  related 
to  P.  setosum  Jacq.  No  species  of  this  subsection  had  been  recorded 
previously  from  the  Aegean  Islands. 

P.  setosum  was  described  and  very  crudely  figured  by  Jacquin 
(Obs.  iii.  8,  t.  57  :  1768),  who  quotes  Tournefort’s  Polygonum  Orientale 
Caryophylli  folio ,  flore  mag  no ,  albo  (Cor.  39  :  1719)  in  synonymy. 
Jacquin  records  a  specimen  in  the  Gronovian  herbarium,  communicated 
by  Vaillant  and  bearing  the  Tournefortian  phrase-name.  Jaubert 
and  Spach  (Ill.  ii.  t.  125  :  1844-46)  give  an  excellent  figure  and 
description  of  P.  setosum.  Quoting  from  Herb.  Tournefort  they  give 
the  original  locality  as  Armenia  and  add  Aucher-Floy  2588,  also 
(according  to  Boissier)  from  Armenia.  A  specimen  of  the  latter 
number  is  at  Kew.  Boissier  (FI.  Or.  iv.  1039  :  1879)  includes  speci¬ 
mens  from  Lydia  (supra  Bozdagh,  Bal.)  and  near  Baibut  (Bourg.)  in 
the  species  and  makes  a  new  variety  (var.  restionoides)  for  specimens 
from  prov.  Musch,  Armenia,  and  from  the  Cataonian  Taurus.  Armenian 
specimens  collected  by  Sintenis  are  in  Herb.  Kew.,  as  are  also  more 
recently  collected  sheets  from  the  Amanus  and  Akher  Dagh.  Thus, 
apart  from  Balansa’s  Lydian  material,  which  has  not  been  seen  by 
the  writer,  P.  setosum  is  known  only  from  Armenia,  Cataonia,  and 
S.E.  Anatolia- — more  than  1000  km.  from  Samothrace  and  hardly  less 
from  Ikaria. 

An  account  of  the  botany  of  Samothrace  has  been  given  bv  Degen 
(Oesterr.  Bot.  Zeitschr.  xli.  301,  329  :  1891).  The  only  species  of 
Polygonum  recorded  from  the  island  was  P.  equisetiforme  S.  et  S., 
but  the  specimen  was  so  poor  that  the  identification  remains  doubtful 
(l.c.  337). 

Both  Rechinger’s  and  Tedd’s  specimens  are  in  flower  only  and  the 
flowers  are  not  old  enough  to  give  any  clear  indication  of  fruit  characters. 
The  older  inflorescences  show  more  or  less  zigzag  bending,  but  it  is 
uncertain  whether  this  is  natural  or  due  to  treatment  on  drying. 

The  plate  and  description  published  here  have  been  based  on  Tedd’s 
material  from  Samothrace.  In  this  the  ochreas  are  on  the  whole 
somewhat  more  lacerated  than  in  the  type  ;  the  perigone  is  pink-white, 


not  purely  white  in  the  upper  part  and  green  in  the  lower.  Rechinger’s 
description  of  the  stems  as  simple  caules  .  .  .  simplices,”  “  immer 
unverzweigte  Stengel’ —applies  only  to  the  young  green  branches, 
not  to  the  lower  older  brown  branches,  which  increase  in  woodiness 
with  age,  branch  repeatedly,  and  are  apparently  all  included  in  the 
rhizome  system  by  Rechinger.  The  young  stems  of  the  Samothracian 
specimens  are  apparently  darker  green  than  those  of  the  Ikarian 
plants,  which  are  described  by  Rechinger  as  pallide  virides,  in  vivo 
subglaucescentes.  ”  None  of  the  above  characters  are  considered  to 
indicate  more  than  very  minor  fluctuations  within  the  one  species. 

Ikaria  (also  known  as  Nikaria  and  Kariot)  is  about  315  km.  to  the 
south  (slightly  south  by  east)  of  Samothrace,  and  is  from  its  position 
better  regarded  as  belonging  to  Asia  Minor  than  to  the  Cyclades  and 
Greece.  The  discontinuity  of  known  distribution  of  P.  icaricum  may 
be  partly  due  to  our  still  meagre  knowledge  of  the  flora  of  many  of 
the  islands  in  and  land  masses  bordering  the  Aegean  Sea.  On  the 
other  hand  there  is  obviously  a  considerable  real  discontinuity  since 
both  Ikaria  and  Samothrace  are  now  islands.  It  may  well  be  postulated 
that  the  discontinuity  in  distribution  of  P.  icaricum  (as  of  many  other 
species)  had  its  origin  in  the  break-up  of  the  Aegean  continent  in 
geologically  recent  times. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fig.  1,  portion  of  a  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  portion  of  stem  with  two  nodes  and 
foliage  leaf,  x  6  ;  3,  portion  of  stem  with  one  node,  showing  ochrea  in  the  abaxial 
view,  x  6 ;  4,  flower,  x  12 ;  5,  perianth  and  androecium,  split  and  flattened 
out,  x  10 ;  6,  gynoecium,  x  20. 


Tabula  3255. 

AGAPETES  LINEAEIFOLIA  C.  B.  Clarke. 
Ericaceae.  Tribus  Thibaudieae. 


A.  linearifolia  C.  B.  Clarke  in  Hook.  f.  FI.  Brit.  Ind.  iii.  449  (1882)  • 
Airy-Shaw  in  Kew  Bull.  1935,  41  ;  ab  A.  nutante  Dunn  inflorescentia 
mult-o  brevius  pedunculata,  pedicellis  apice  conspicue  cupulatim 
expansis,  calyce  majore  vix  ad  medium  usque  fisso,  corolla  subduplo 
breviore  discedit ;  ab  etiam  affini  A.  n eriifolia  (King  et  Prain) 
Airy-Shaw  foliis  angustioribus,  calyce  5-lobo  nec  subintegro,  corolla 
multo  minore,  ab  A.  angustifolia  (Knagg)  Airy-Shaw  pedicellis  carnosis 
nec  filiformibus,  corolla  breviter  subconica,  praecipue  diilert. 


Stiff rutex  epiphyticus,  radicibus  scandens,  glaberrimus,  basi  bulbosa 
vel  tumida  (teste  F.  K.  Ward),  radices  tuberosas  anguste  napiformes 
hinc  inde  emittens.  Caules  humiles,  parce  ramosi,  30-40  cm  alti 
1-2  mm.  crassi,  terctcs,  lenticellis  parvis  sparsis  praediti,  cortice  cinereo- 
brunneo.  Foha  alterna,  subdistiche  disposita,  lanceolato-linearia 
lO-lo  cm.  longa,  0-7  1-3  cm  lata,  in  apicem  acutissimum  sensim 
attenuate  basi  in  petiolum  robustum  2-4  mm.  longum  supra  canal? 
culatum rotundato-contracta, marline  valde  revnln+o  ™  •  P  C  . 

8  cm  bngi  aiis  l  te  ^6  !6  68’  COrymbosi>  »  breviores,  usque 
bracteae  ft  brae  Jl  ^T'  aPIcem  versus  incrassata,  striata  ; 

sitae  PeJZn;  ,  •  minutlsslmae>  deltoideae,  ima  basi  pediceUorum 

tionibus  So  l  m  a-I1S  VerS"S  COuferti>  ex  ^veolis  velut  excava- 
incrassati  ^  "r.,1’0”na  basl.  sublto  va^e  contracti,  apicem  versus 
diametrn  ’  2 ' 2,  cm’  lon8'’  aPlce  articulati  et  in  cupulam  2-5  mm. 

eimn  f  °pVariUm  (^eptaculum)  sub  anthesin  semi-gmplectentem 
etPla  “•  ftexptaculum  subglobosum,  sub  anthesin  2-3  mm.  longum 
diamefrn’  8ed.P?st  fecundationem  mox  valde  auctum,  usque  1  cm. 
diametro’  8tC,a,rlat'n,'m-  CahJx  breviter  ellipsoideo-cylindricus,  5-6  mm. 
trianmilat;)  0  •  •  mm>  lon8°  membranaceo  5-ncrvi,  lobis  anguste 
CoroUa  nvr  Uj  .circite*  3  rnm-  ^ngia  basi  1-3  mm.  latis  acutissimis. 
ciroifpr  1Il(*ri^°‘conica»  1*3-1  -4  cm.  longa,  basi  circiter  4  mm.,  ore 
gj  i  ^  IJ11o.  diametro,  lobis  brevissimis  deltoideis  acutis  vix  reeurvis, 
circit a>  r  Vlri  glaucescens,  basi  siccitate  pallidiore.  Filamenta 
er  °  mm*  l°uga,  glabra,  nonnunquam  abnormaliter  in  tubum  plus 


2 


minus  perfecte  connata.  Antherae  anguste  lanceolatae,  9-10  mm. 
longae,  ad  sinus  corollae  attingentes,  thecis  densissime  scabro-papillosis 
circiter  4  mm.  longis  basi  obscure  appendiculatis,  rostris  siccitate 
pallidis  laevibus  5-6  mm.  longis  inferne  connatis  dorso  ecalcaratis. 
Stylus  filiformis,  1*4  cm.  longus,  stigmate  inconspicuo.  Fructus 
ignotus. 

Assam.  Mishmi  Hills :  Thumath  Summit,  1836,  Griffith  (Kew 
distrib.  no.)  3480  (type) : — “  Frutex  epiphytic.  Pedunc.  pedicell.  calyc. 
rosaceo-carneis,  alab.  livido-caeruleis.”  Camp,  Chibaon,  Delei  Valley, 
28°  10'  N.,  96°  30'  E.,  1800  m.,  6  Apr.  1928,  F.  K.  Ward  8021  “  An 

epiphytic  root  climber.  Base  bulbous.  Corolla  green  ;  pedicel,  calyx 
and  ovary  scarlet.  Flowers  passing  over.  A  somewhat  straggling  and 
lolling  plant  of  the  temperate  rain  forest.” 

Originally  collected  by  Griffith  nearly  a  century  ago,  A.  linearifolia 
was  described  from  Griffith’s  sterile  specimens  by  C.  B.  Clarke  in  the 
Flora  of  British  India  and  relegated  to  the  species  non  satis  notae. 
Capt.  Kingdon  Ward’s  excellent  material  now  enables  A.  linearifolia  to 
be  assigned  its  proper  place  in  the  genus.  From  A.  nutans  Dunn  it  is 
readily  distinguished  by  the  glabrous  peduncle,  by  the  conspicuous 
cupular  apical  expansion  of  the  pedicels,  and  by  the  calyx  segments 
being  connate  halfway  or  more.  From  A.  angustifolia  (Knagg)  Airy- 
Shaw,  which  agrees  with  the  present  plant  in  the  points  just  mentioned, 
A.  linearifolia  differs  in  its  thickened,  almost  fleshy  peduncle  and 
pedicels,  and  in  its  short,  subconical  corolla. 

The  occasional  occurrence  of  flowers  in  which  the  filaments  are 
connate  into  a  tube  (fig.  8)  affords  an  interesting  parallel  to  some 
American  genera  of  Thihaudieae ,  such  as  Satyria  Klotzsch,  in  which 
united  filaments  are  a  constant  feature. — H.  K.  Airy-Siiaw. 

Fiq.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  leaf,  lower  surface,  natural  size ; 
3,  apex  of  pedicel,  receptacle  and  calyx,  x  3  ;  4,  the  same,  with  part  of  calyx 
cut  away  to  show  disk  and  style,  x  3  ;  5,  part  of  coroUa  from  within,  x  3  ; 
6,  stamen,  lateral  view,  x  6  ;  7,  the  same,  abaxial  view,  x  6  ;  8,  three  stamens, 
abaxial  view,  showing  occasional  abnormal  union  of  filaments,  x  3. 


cj  256 


S.K-C 


Tabula  3256. 

AGAPETES  PENSILIS  Airy-Skaw. 

Ericaceae.  Tribus  Thibaudieae. 

A.  pensilis  Airy-Shaw  in  Kew.  Bull.  1935,  52  ;  ex  affinitate  remotiore 
A.  Hosseanae  Diels,  A.  yunnanensis  Franch.,  A.  Alannii  Hemsl. 
(omnium  pariter  filamentis  longis  pubescentibus  gaudentium) ;  caulibus 
dense  pilosis,  foliis  parvis  ovatis  coriaceis,  et  praecipue  florum  sub- 
sessilium  subsolitariorum  receptaculo  cum  corolla  hirsuto  facile 
recognoscenda. 


Snffrutex  epiphyticus,  scandens,  a  ramis  arborum  longe  pendulus, 
ramosissimus.  Caules  graciles,  1-2  mm.  (vetustiores  usque  3  mm.)  crassi, 
dense  et  longiuscule  brunneo-pilosi,  e  parte  basali  radices  napelliformes 
usque  3*5  cm.  longas  emittentes.  Folia  parva,  ovata  usque  elliptico- 
oblonga,  1-1-6  cm.  longa,  0-  5-1*1  cm.  lata,  basi  angustato-rotundata, 
apice  obtusa  usque  subacuta,  apiculata,  margine  integerrimo  leviter 
revoluto  pauciciliato  vel  fere  eciliato,  utraque  pagina  pilis  paucis 
brevibus  aegre  v.s.bihbus  conspersa  (sed  folia  innovationum  plus  minus 
dense  pubesccntia),  supra  siccitate  surde  viridia,  rugulosa,  subtus 
pallidiora,  plana,  coriacea,  costa  et  nervis  supra  impressis  subtus 

XTvTi-  P'"”/-  1  ">'»■  hf  vel  JC  tS 
,  9  ;  "  fr,,lnl’  Ut  Vldeflr  parcissime  editi,  subsessiles,  pedicello 
(1“  !  j  ng0;  .  Recef™uhm turbinatum,  circiter  2  mm.  diametro  et 
aeq  longum,  totum  longe  ac  dense  setoso-pilosum.  Calycis  segmenta 
l  * ra.’  ovat°‘deltoidea,  circiter  2  mm.  longa  et  basi  subaequilata, 
8u  acuminata,  acuta,  dorso  longe  pilosa  sed  minus  dense  ac  receptacu- 
m.  toroUa  cylmdrica,  sursum  levissime  angustata,  tubo  1  -7  cm.  longo 
cirot  me^r°  a^o_  roseo_vittato,  segmentis  deltoideis  viridibus 

iteri  6r  basi  aequilatis  acutis  recmvis  apice  ipso 

aibig1*!  r?clf!rvo»  ex^ra  longiuscule  et  densiuscule  glanduloso-pilosa,  pilis 
sparsiu  i  mm'  ^on8|s  glandulis  fuscis  oblongis,  fauce  breviter  et 
leviter  dMerndul°S0’Pil080-  Filamenta  libera,  lineari-subulata,  basi 
Anthc  ai  i  .a>  Plana’  circiter  12  mm-  longa  et  0-5  mm.  lata,  pilosa. 
fila  ^evi^er  cohaerentes,  anguste  lanceolatae,  6  mm.  longae, 
do  18  8Ubaequilatae,  circiter  1  mm.  supra  basin  rotundatam 
noip1  ae>  rostr*8  Ubejis  apicem  versus  subattenuatis  rigidis  parte 
m  »  i-  ?ra  PauH°  longioribus  subobtusis  poro  oblongo  dehiscentibus, 
e  10  oorso  calcaribus  duobus  papilloso-scabridis  angulo  recto  porrectis 


2 


angulo  recto  iterum  sursum  refractis  totis  circiter  1-5  mm.  longis 
instructae,  antherarum  alternarum  calcaribus  porrectioribus.  Stylus 
filiformis,  1  -7  cm.  longus,  glaber,  stigmate  truncato  obscure  denticulato 
vix  expanso.  Fructus  ignotus. 

Upper  Burma.  Valley  of  the  Seinghku,  28°  5'  N.,  97°  30'  E.,  2400- 
2700  m.,  25  Sept.  1926,  F.  K.  Ward  7458  (type) : — u  A  pendent  epiphyte 
in  the  upper  rain  forest,  hanging  from  the  boughs  of  large  trees  by  the 
yard,  or  curtaining  their  trunks.  Flowers  striped  pink  and  white  with 
a  green  toothed  rim.  Small  carrot-like  water-storing  tubers  occur  at 
the  base,  but  these  are  very  small  compared  with  the  large  globular 
structures  found  on  other  species  which  grow  in  parts  of  Burma  where 
there  is  a  long  dry  season.” 

N.W.  Yunnan.  Prope  fines  Tibeto-Birmanicas  inter  fluvios 
Lu-djiang  (Salween)  et  Djiou-djiang  (Irrawadi  or.  sup.),  in  jugi 
Tschiangschel,  27°  52',  lateris  occid.  pluviisilva  mixta  temperata,  substr. 
granitico,  circiter  2800-3450  m.,  5  Jul.  1916,  Handel- Mazzetti  9352 
(Herb.  Kew.) : — “  Frutex  epiphyticus  pendulus  bulbos  lignosos  edens.” 

Closely  related  to  A.  spissa  and  A.  brachypoda ,  especially  the  latter, 
with  which  it  agrees  in  the  indumentum  of  the  receptacle.  The  leaves, 
however,  are  considerably  smaller  than  those  of  A.  brachypoda ,  and 
the  rather  stiff  pubescence  of  the  undersurface  distinguishes  it  from 
both  the  species  mentioned. — H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  showing  pendent  habit,  natural  size  ;  2,  leaf,  lower 
surface,  x  2  ;  3,  receptacle  and  calyx,  x  3  ;  4,  the  same,  two  sepals  removed 
to  show  disk  and  style,  x  3  ;  5,  part  of  corolla  from  within,  x  3  ;  6,  stamen 
(filament  in  adaxial  view,  anther  in  lateral  view),  x  3  ;  7,  upper  part  of  filament 
with  anther,  abaxial  view,  x  6  ;  8,  the  same,  lateral  view,  x  6. 


UL 


Tabula  3257. 

AGAPETES  BRACHYPODA  Airy -Shaw. 

Ericaceae.  Tribus  Thibaudieae. 

A.  brachypoda  Airy-Shaw  in  Kcw  Bull.  1935,  51  ;  A.  pensili  Airy- 
Shaw  affinis,  ramis  robustis  parum  ramosis,  foliis  duplo  maioribus 
crassius  coriaceis  glaberrimis  distincta.  J 


Suffrutex  parvus,  patulus,  interdum  epiphyticus.  Rami  robusti 
recti,  subsimplices,  usque  5  mm.  diametro,  dense  patenti-hirsuti’ 
innovationibus  ferrugineo-hirtis.  Folia  breviter  ovata  usque  elliptica’ 
1 -5-2-1  cm.  longa,  1-1-5  cm.  lata,  basi  subcuneata  usque  rotundata’ 
apice  rotundata,  apiculata,  margine  revoluto  integerrimo  vel  bine 
inde  cilio  vel  vestigio  denticuli  minuti  interrupto,  crasse  rigide  coriacea 
glaberrima,  siccitate  pagina  superiore  rugulosa,  cinereo-viridia  paaina 
mferiore  laevia  laete  brunnescentia  ;  costa  et  nervi  supra  impress 
subtus  prominuli ;  petiolus  brevissimus,  1-2  mm.  longus,  transverse 
rugosus,  basi  perul.s  lmean-subulatis  setiformibus  usque  3  mm 

m2  “to,  ti  blS'  “ff  ToIuto  rcmo"  c'*'ata- 

•cutis'cfclrti  “ettoi'i  P""Ulr  Sllp“  b“sin  btacta>li“  bini,  ov.tis 
ciliolatis  '»!  ,  P7"l“  F“"C!8  pa™  btu,m«is  membranaceis 

dansevestiinm  9  /'"J’J"1”*  °bconicuni,  codcu,  modo  ac 
4_g  ]n  ’  ,  4  mm'  dui,n('>tro.  Calycis  segmenta  ovato-lanceolata, 
submem  1m,  t’a’  aM  circlte.r  “  mm-  lata.  breviter  acuminata,  acuta, 
fere  ofr;nt  ,C-eaj  n<'rvos,a’  lnclumento  duplici  parce  vestita.  Corolla 
vittata  I,:;  cy1n'<lr1lca’  lnferne  levissime  ampliata,  alba,  frenuiter  roseo- 
breviter  rinl  &  1’7  cm.  longo  5-6  mm.  lato  extra  indumento  duplici 
pubescen/o  C6nte  -lntU8  basln  versus  Parce  breviter  et  subtiliter 
intusmin  l8egm,?nt'8  trmngularibus  reflexis  1-2  mm.  longis  acutis 
applanntii  l  P„aplUcT  marg'nibu8  glabrescentibus.  Filamenla  linearia, 
Paullo  si,  ’  i  Cl-U'  onga’  O’®  mm-  lata,  copiose  pubescentia,  basi  vel 
latarn  „i  P™  ba‘l’n  m.  dl,atation<?m  oblongam  2  mm.  longam  1  mm. 

a  1  nm  akruptiuscule  ampliata.  Antherae  leviter  cohaerentes, 
2_3  '  1  °  longo-lanceolatae,  filamento  dorsaliter  basifixae  eique 
versiiim*+ Ilatac,  6  mm.  longae,  vix  1  mm.  latae,  rostris  liberis  apicem 
•s  ‘ittenuatis  rigidis  parte  pollinifera  brevioribus  (2*5  :  3*5  mm.), 


2 


dorso  supra  medium  calcaribus  duobus  papilloso-scabridis  iis  A.  pensilis 
simillimis  instructae.  Stylus  filiformis,  1  •  7  cm.  longus,  glaber,  stigmate 
minuto  vix  expanso.  Fructus  ignotus. 

Upper  Burma.  Mountains  east  of  Fort  Hertz,  27°  30'  N.,  97°  50'  E., 
1800  m.,  5  Sept.  1926,  F.  K.  Ward  7369  “  Small  spreading  undershrub 

on  rocks  or  trees  ;  young  foliage  scarlet.  Flowers  white,  with  thin 
pale  pink  stripes.” 

Allied  to  A.  spissa,  but  quite  distinct  in  its  sparse  branching  and 
rounded-ovate  leaves.  The  scarlet  young  foliage  recalls  the  similar 
phenomenon  in  another  member  of  the  Ericaceae ,  namely  Pieris 
formosa  (Wall.)  D.  Don. — H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  leaf,  lower  surface,  x  2  ;  3,  receptacle 
and  calyx,  x  3  ;  4,  the  same,  two  sepals  removed  to  show  disk  and  style,  x  3  ; 
5,  part  of  corolla  from  within,  x  3  ;  6,  stamen,  lateral  view,  x  3  ;  7,  upper 
part  of  filament  with  anther,  abaxial  view,  x  6  ;  8,  the  same,  lateral  view,  x  6. 


<5258 


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. 

Tabula  3258. 

AGAPETES  SPISSA  Airy-Shaw. 

Ericaceae.  Tribus  Thibaudieae. 

A.  spissa  Airy-Shaw  in  Kew  Bull.  1935,  49  ;  ex  aflinitate  A.  pensilis 
Airy-Shaw  et  A.  brachypodae  Airy-Shaw,  a  quibus  differt  caulibus 
rigidis  creberrime  verticillato-ramificatis,  foliis  obovatis  crenulato- 
denticulatis  basi  cuneatis  nervis  utrinque  pulchre  prominenter  reticu- 
latis ;  habitu  atque  foliorum  figura  A.  Wardii  W.  W.  Sin.  accedens,  a  qua 
tamen  calycis  hirsuti  segraentis  brevibus,  corolla  pubescente  et  foliis 
denticulatis  (nec  integerrimis)  recedit. 

Suffrutex  parvus,  epiphyticus.  Caules  robusti,  rigidi,  dense  ramosi, 
usque  5  ram.  crassi,  cortice  fusco-brunneo  longitudinaliter  striato 
lenticellis  parvis  pallidis  rotundis  vel  lateraliter  elongatis  parce  notato  ; 
rami  miro  raodo  verticillati  vel  subverticillati,  usque  10  ex  eodem 
loco  ut  videtur  nascentes,  rigidi,  recti,  patuli,  foliosissimi,  dense  patenti- 
hirsuti,  perulis  lineari-lanceolatis  5-10  cm.  longis  membranaceis 
brunneis  vel  eorura  vestigiis  emarcidis  etiam  crebre  vestiti ;  innovationes 
longe  ferrugineo-hirsuti.  Folia  obovata,  rarius  subelliptica,  2-2*5  cm. 
longa,  7-10  mm.  lata,  in  petiolum  brevissimum  cuneato-angustata, 
apice  subacuta  usque  subobtusa,  margine  subrevoluta  crenulato- 
denticulata  denticulis  minute  apiculatis,  basin  versus  subintegra, 
glabernma,  supra  mtida  siccitate  surde  fusco-viridia,  subtus  obscuriora 
palhdiora  (innovationum  subpurpurascentia) ;  costa  et  nervi  utrinque 
pulchre  prominenter  reticulati,  intra  marginem  anastomosantes ; 
petiolus  subnullus.  Flores  solitarii,  axillares,  pedicello  circiter  2  mm. 
longo  basi  perulis  vel  bracteolis  paucis  minutis  instructo.  Receptaculum 
obconicum,  pedicello  distincte  articulatum,  2-3  mm.  diametro,  subtiliter 
pubescens.  Calycis  segmenta  breviter  connata,  ovarto-triangularia, 
8U  acuminata,  acuta,  2-3  mm.  longa,  1  *5  mm.  lata,  extra  parce  breviter 
pu  escentia.  Corolla  subcylindrica,  apicem  versus  leviter  angustata, 
-angulata,  tenera,  alba,  tubo  1  cm.  longo  3-4  mm.  lato  extra 
niinutissime  puberulo  et  insuper  secus  angulos  breviter  glanduloso- 
pubescente,  intus  (maxime  superne)  minute  pubescente,  segmentis 
deltoideis  acutis  patenti-recurvis  1  mm.  longis  glabrescentibus.  Fila- 
nienta  angustissime  linearia,  applanata,  3-4  mm.  longa,  vix0*3mm. 
lata,  crispule  pubescent ia,  basi  in  dilatationem  rotundato-quadratara 
circiter 0*6 mm.  diametro subito expansa.  A ntherae leviter cohaerentes, 


2 


anguste  lanceolatae,  5  mm.  longae,  filamento  dorsaliter  basifixae 
eique  1  mm.  adnatae,  thecis  basi  rotundatis  et  brevissime  cornutis, 
rostris  tenerrimis  flexibilibus  ut  videtur  planis  dorso  calcaratis,  anther- 
arum  alternarum  calcaribus  adscendentibus  et  deflexis  minutissime 
vel  vix  papilloso-scaberulis.  Stylus  filiformis,  9-10  mm.  longus,  glaber, 
stigmate  parvo  subdisciformi  pallido  medio  depresso.  Fructus  ignotus. 

Assam.  Delei  Valley,  28°  20'  N.,  96°  35/  E.,  1500-1800  m.,  24  July 
1928,  F.  K.  Ward  8479  : — “  A  small  epiphytic  undershrub  in  the 
forest.  Flowers  white.  Calyx,  corolla  and  filaments  pubescent  or 
downy.” 

A  species  remarkable  for  its  rigid,  verticillate,  densely  leafy  branches. 
A .  Wardii  is  the  only  species  of  the  group  showing  an  approach  to  this 
habit,  but,  in  addition  to  obvious  floral  differences,  it  has  neither  th§ 
crenulate-denticulate  leaves  nor  the  beautifully  reticulate  venation  of 
A.  spissa. — H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  leaf,  upper  surface,  x  1*5;  3,  flower, 
with  corolla  and  style  removed,  x  4 ;  4,  gynoecium,  x  6  ;  5,  part  of  corolla 
from  within,  x  4 ;  6,  stamen,  abaxial  view,  x  6  ;  7,  the  same,  lateral  view,  x  6. 


Tabula  3259. 

AGAPETES  KANJILALI  A.  Das. 

Ericaceae.  Tribus  Thibaudieae. 

A.  Kanjilali  A.  Das  in  Assam  Forest  Records  (Botany),  i.  13,  t.  6 
(1934)  ;  Airy-Shawin  Kew  Bull.  1935,  49  ;  ex  affinitate  A.  yumanensis 
Franch.  et  A.  Hosseanae  Diels,  a  quibus  foliis  anguste  elliptico- 
oblanceolatis  retusis,  receptaculo  dense  cinereo-puberulo,  corolla  sub- 
duplo  longiore,  filamentis  glabris  bene  distinguitur. 


Frutex  epiphyticus,  ramis  strictis  usque  4  mm.  diametro,  cortice 
fusco  obscure  striato  glabrescente,  ramorumiuniorum  minute  puberulo. 
Folia  anguste  elliptico-oblanceolata,  2*5-3  cm.  longa,  7-9  mm.  lata 
basi  in  petiolum  1-2  mm.  longum  transverse  minute  rugosum  cuneato- 
angustata,  apicem  versus  leviter  angustata,  retusa,  margine  revoluta 
integerrima,  coriacea,  glaberrima,  siccitate  supra  fusca  subtus  sub- 
castanea,  nervis  obscuns.  Flores solitarii,  ex axillis  2-3 subterminalibus 
valde  approximate  orti,  suberecti  vel  patentes ;  pedicelli  5-6  mm 
longi,  subtilitcr  striati,  cinereo-puberuli,  basi  bracteis  perulisque 
paucis  parvis  subulatis  brurmeo-membranaceis  ciliolatis  sufTulti 
XeceptMuhm  oblongo-obovoideum,  circiter  2-5  mm.  longum,  1-2  mm' 
d  ametr0,  dense  cinereo-tomentellum.  Calyx  cupularis,  in  receptaculum 
abrupte  contractus,  circiter  4  mm.  longus,  cinereo-puberulus  seg- 

narfS  angUSt.e  dcl^ld(:'s  acuminatis  acutissimis  usque  ad  te’rtiam 
partem  connatis .  Corolla  anguste  subcylindrica,  circiter  3-8  cm. 
longa  (inclusis  lobis  deltoideis  acuminatis  acutis  3-4  mm.  longis), 
til'f  mm  diametro,  basin  versus  letter  attenuata,  extra  sparse  sub- 
el  *  61 haud  transverse  notata.  Filamenta  inordinaliter 
^ongata,  circiter  2 *8 cm. longa,  lineari-filiformia,  glaberrima.  Antherae 

ciroit  a  b*e.ves>.  cm.  longae,  angustissime  lanceolatae,  dorso 

i,  1  er  niedio  bicalcaratae,  calcaribus  usque  ad  medium  connatis 

e^.a  lm  sursum  et  deorsum  spectantibus,  rostris  ut  videtur  in  unum 
Fruct  8  ’  c*rc^er  ^  cm*  longus,  glaber,  stigmate  vix  expanso. 

Assam.  Lakhimpur  District :  Makum  Range,  105  m.,  April  1914, 
*fiark  d^ Kanjilal  4090 : — Epiphytic.  Corolla  not  transversely 


2 


Vernacular  name  (Assam) :  “  Horu  Gumani.” 

The  present  species  was  recognized  as  new,  and  the  accompanying 
plate  and  description  were  prepared  for  publication,  several  months 
before  the  first  number  of  Assam  Forest  Records ,  in  which  A.  Kanjilali 
appeared,  was  received  at  Kew  (Dec.  1934).  It  is  thought  advisable 
to  publish  them,  since  the  original  description  of  the  species  is  somewhat 
brief,  and  certain  floral  details  on  the  plate  are  not  quite  accurate. 
Instances  of  the  latter  are  the  curiously  Fuchsia- like  corolla,  stated 
to  be  “  more  or  less  diagrammatic  ”  but  quite  unlike  anything  in 
Agapetes  with  which  the  present  writer  is  acquainted  ;  the  anther- 
thecae  apparently  dehiscing  by  slits  and  represented  as  quite  distinct 
from  their  beaks,  which  have  the  appearance  of  a  prolongation  of  the 
connective ;  the  spurs,  in  one  case,  arising  from  the  front  instead 
of  from  the  back  of  the  beaks  ;  and  the  barrel-shaped  rather  than 
subdiscoid  stigma.  As  the  specimen  figured  in  Assam  Forest  Records 
is  part  of  the  same  collection  ( Kanjilal  4090)  as  that  from  which  our 
plate  was  drawn,  it  seems  probable  that  the  artist,  in  attempting  to 
give  the  dissections  a  life-like  appearance,  drew  rather  more  freely 
upon  his  imagination  than  the  condition  of  the  dried  material  warranted. 
His  habit-figure,  on  the  other  hand,  gives  a  good  idea  of  the  plant. 

Das  gives  A.  buxifolia  Nutt,  as  the  nearest  ally  of  A.  Kanjilali ,  but, 
beyond  the  fact  that  both  species  are  referable  to  the  Series  Longifiles , 
there  is  no  very  close  affinity  between  them.  In  foliage,  A.  Kanjilali 
is  similar  to  A.  Hosseana  Diels,  but  the  much  larger  flowers,  densely 
tomentellous  calyx-tube  (receptacle)  and  unusually  elongate  glabrous 
filaments  readily  distinguish  it  from  that  species  and  its  immediate 
allies. — H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 

Fig.  ],  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  receptacle  and  calyx,  x  4  ;  3,  the  same, 
with  part  of  calyx  cut  away  to  expose  disk  and  base  of  style,  x  4  ;  4,  apex  of 
style,  with  stigma,  x  4;  5,  part  of  corolla  from  within,  x  1-5;  6,  stamen, 
adaxial  view,  x  1  -5  ;  7,  apex  of  filament,  with  anther,  lateral  view,  x  4  ;  8,  the 
same,  abaxial  view,  x  4. 


3260 


Tabula  3260. 

MARISCUS  BOWMANNI  (F.  Muell.)  C.  B.  Clarke. 
Cyperaceae.  Tribus  Cypereae. 


M.  Bowmanni  ( F .  Muell.)  C.  B.  Clarke  in  Kew  Bull.,  Add.  Ser.  viii. 
20  (1908).  Cy penis  Bowmanni  F.  Muell.  ex  Benth.  FI.  Austral,  vii. 
287  (1878)  ;  F.  M.  Bailey,  Syn.  Queensl.  FL  592  (1883)  ;  Queensl.  FI. 
vi.  1749  (1902) ;  Compreh.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  591  (1913).  M.  Dietrichiae 
subsp.  Bowmannii  Domin  in  Bibl.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85,  436  (1915). — 
Affinis  M.  Dietrichiae  C.  B.  Clarke,  a  qua  statura  minore,  culmis  gracil- 
lirnis  debilibus,  foliis  angustioribus,  inflorescentia  simplici  distinguitur. 


Planta  annua,  gracilis,  glabra.  Rhizoma  breve,  nodulosum.  Culmi 
laxc  caespitosi,  graciles,  suberecti  vel  patentes,  usque  45  cm.  alti. 
Folia  gracilia,  culmo  fere  aequilonga,  2-4  mm.  lata,  in  acumen  tenue 
attenuata,  marginibus  apicem  versus  antrorse  scabridis.  Bracteae 
involucrales  3-4,  patentes,  foliis  similes,  valde  inaequales,  usque  40  cm. 
longae.  Anthela  simplex,  1-6-radiata  ;  radii  patentes,  valde  inaequales 
gracillimi,  usque  5-5  cm.  longi.  Spicae  15-35  mm.  longae,  18-45  mm! 
latae,  7-15-spiculatae.  Spiculae  laxissime  dispositae,  patulae,  infimae 
saepe  valde  reflexae,  10-24  mm.  longae,  fere  1  mm.  latae,  anguste 
lineares,  subteretes,  5-9-florae ;  rhachifla  alis  latis  hyalinis  praedita. 
Sqvamae  stenes  2,  inaequales,  usque  1-5  mm.  longae,  persistentes. 
Sqi<amae  fertiles  usque  2  mm.  inter  se  distantes,  2*5-3  mm.  longae, 
11-nerviae,  ellipticae  et  obtusae  (explanatae),  carina  latiuscula 
vine  1,  ceterum  flavidae,  marginibus  rhachillam  arete  amplectentibus. 

lamina  3.  Stylus  profunde  trifidus,  ramis  elongatis  exsertis.  Nnx 
triquetra,  ambitu  oblonga,  leviter  curvata,  latitudine  sua  circiter  triplo 
ongior,  brunnea,  alis  rhachillae  arete  comprehensa  atque  hae  invicem 
squama  amplectente  comprehensa. 


Queensland.  Leichhardt  District:  Herbert’s  Creek,  Bowman. 
Moreton  District :  near  Moggill,  on  roadside  in  open  Eucalyptus  forest, 
on  sandstone  and  conglomerate  ridges,  9  Nov.  1930,  C.  E.  Hubbard 
4883  ;  near  Mt.  Gravatt  and  Sunnybank  Cemetery  Reserve,  on  road¬ 
side  through  open  Eucalyptus  forest,  30  March  1931,  C.  E.  Hubbard 
8072 ;  Taylor  Range :  Mt.  Coot-tha,  near  Brisbane,  in  depression 
where  water  had  been  standing,  in  open  Eucalyptus  forest,  150  m., 
^  April  1930,  C.  E.  Hubbard  2044  ;  Brisbane  River,  Bailey  ;  Moreton 
Say,  Leichhardt. 


2 


Mariscus  Bowmanni  belongs  to  that  group  of  species  considered'  by 
Schrader  to  represent  a  distinct  genus,  Diclidium.  The  main  features 
upon  which  this  genus  was  based  were  the  terete  or  subterete  many- 
flowered  spikelets  and  the  keel-less  squamae.  In  essentials,  Diclidium 
was  identical  with  Mariscus ,  and  subsequent  workers  have  failed  to 
maintain  it,  although  Bentham  retained  Diclidium  as  a  sectional  name 
under  his  all-embracing  Cy penis. 

The  localities  cited  above  are  all  in  Southern  Queensland,  the  most 
northerly  record  being  that  of  the  type  specimen,  which  was  collected 
by  Bowman  at  Herbert’s  Creek,  a  few  miles  south  of  the  tropic  of 
Capricorn.  The  species  appears  to  be  definitely  coastal  and  is  restricted 
apparently  to  open  Eucalyptus  forest  where  it  is  generally  found  in 
damp  situations.  M.  Bowmanni  has  also  been  recorded  for  New  South 
Wales ;  Moore  (Handb,  FL  N.S.  Wales,  450:  1893)  stales  that  it  is 
found  in  the  “  northern  parts  of  the  colony,”  while  Turner  (Proc.  Linn. 
Soc.  N.S.  Wales,  xxx.  84  :  1905)  records  it  from  the  north-western 
area.  The  latter  statement  seems  doubtful  and  may  have  been  based 
on  an  incorrect  determination.  There  are  no  specimens  of  it  from 
New  South  Wales  in  the  Kew  collections. 

Domin  in  Bibl.  Bot.  xx.  430  (1915)  reduced  M.  Bowmanni  to  a  sub¬ 
species  of  M.  Dietrichiae.  The  latter  species,  which  occurs  further 
north  in  Queensland,  has  a  very  robust  habit,  much  wider  leaves  and 
a  compound  inflorescence.  The  two  species,  although  obviously 
related,  differ  in  so  many  respects  that  specific  segregation  seems 
unavoidable. 

Also  included  by  Domin  as  a  subspecies  of  M.  Dietrichiae  is  a  plant 
collected  on  Mt.  Remarkable  near  Pentland,  which  bears  a  distinct 
resemblance  to  M.  Bowmanni .  It  was  described  by  him  as  subsp. 
brevibracteatus  and  was  accompanied  by  a  figure  reproduced  from  a 
photograph. 

There  is  no  specimen  of  this  “  subspecies  ”  at  Kew,  the  type  pre¬ 
sumably  being  at  Prague,  but  from  the  description  and  figure  it  seems 
to  be  closely  related  to  M.  Bowmanni. — F.  Ballard. 

FlO.  1,  entire  plant,  x  J;  2,  a  flowering  culm,  natural  size  ;  3a,  3b,  3c,  a  floret 
in  hack,  three-quarter  front  and  side  view,  x  15  ;  4,  a  floret,  somewhat  advanced, 
x  20  ;  5,  a  ripe  nut,  x  20  ;  6,  diagram  to  show  ripe  nut  with  enveloping  squama 
and  rhacliilla  wings. 


•3261 


Tabula  3261. 

ECHINOPOGON  INTERMEDIUM  C.  E.  Hubbard. 
Gramineae.  Tribus  Festuceae. 


E.  intermedius  G.  E.  Hubbard  ;  species  nova,  ab  E.  ovato  (G.  Forst.) 
Beauv.,  spiculis  majoribus,  glumarum  carinis  rigide  ciliatis,  aristis 
longioribus,  ovario  plerumque  glabro  distinguenda. 


Gramen  perenne,  laxe  caespitosum,  25-90  cm.  altum,  e  rhizomate 
gracili  ortum.  Culmi  erecti  vel  basi  geniculati,  rigidi,  graciles, 
simplices,  3-4-nodes,  striati,  retrorse  scaberrimi.  Foliorum  vaginae 
internodiis  breviores,  glabrae,  plerumque  retrorse  scabrae  ;  ligulae 
truncatae,  usque  ad  1  mm.  longae  ;  laminae  lineares  vel  lanceolato- 
lineares,  acutae,  2*5-13  cm.  longae,  3-7  mm.  latae,  planae,  firmae, 
glabrae,  scabrae.  Panicula  erecta,  densissima,  ovata,  ovato-oblonga 
vel  oblonga,  3-6  cm.  longa,  2-4  cm.  lata  (aristis  inclusis).  Spiculae 
lineari-oblongae,  5-7  mm.  longae,  pallide  virides,  inferiores  tandem 
honzontahter  patentes.  Glumae  ambitu  anguste  lanceolatae,  acumi- 
natae,  tenuiter  acutae,  carina  supra  basin  laxe  et  rigide  ciliata  Lemma 
ambitu  lineari-lanceolatum,  5  mm.  longum,  5-7-nerve  bilobum 
lobis  seta  rigida  scabrida  2-2  •  5  mm.  longa  terminate  ;  calks  obtusus’ 

?  US<1Ue-afd  2  mm'.lon«i8  dense  barbatus;  arista  rigida! 
10-25  mm.  longa,  inferne  mmutissime  hispidula,  superne  scabra 
Palea  lanceolata,  carinis  apicem  versus  scabrido-ciliolata.  Antherae 
i  0-4  mm  longae.  Ovarium  apice  plerumque  glabrum  vel  raro  pills 
paucis  praeditum.  Caryopsis  anguste  ellipsoidea,  3-3-5  mm.  longa. 


Queensuand.  Darling  Downs  District:  Dalveen,  March  1916, 
™  41;  Warwick,  March  1911,  Boorman ;  Inglewood,  Dec.  1933, 
Rum  ;  W?.berba’  creek  banks,  830-900  m.,  Jan.  1933,  Blake  4630  ; 

aid  Mountain,  shady  places  along  creek  bank,  900  m.,  Jan.  1933, 
Wake  4477. 

New  Sooth  Wales.  Liverpool  Plains,  Moore  112.  Gough  County  : 
Kpa  n?'  *n  c^eare(^  Eucalyptus  forest  country,  on  hill  slope,  March 
T  1?  Hubbard  8217.  Hardinge  County  :  Howell,  Jan.  1906,  Boorman. 

is  County  :  Walcha  Road,  Dec.  1912,  Boorman  (tvpe).  Harden 
bounty  ;  Burrinjuck,  Feb.  1911,  Boorman. 


I  lie  main  diagnostic  characters  of  the  genus  Echinopogon  are  as 
follows : — Panicle  spike-like  ;  spikelets  usually  1-flowered,  laterally 


2 


compressed  ;  rhachilla  disarticulating  above  the  glumes  and  produced 
beyond  the  floret  as  a  minute  or  elongated  bristle ;  glumes  subequal, 
keeled,  mostly  1 -nerved  ;  lemma  becoming  indurated,  5-11  -nerved,  as 
long  as  or  longer  than  the  glumes,  usually  awned  from  the  2-lobed  tip 
or  from  just  below  the  entire  tip  ;  caryopsis  free  but  tightly  embraced 
by  the  lemma  and  palea,  and  with  a  linear  elongated  hilum. 

Bentham  (Benth.  et  Hook.  f.  Gen.  PI.  iii.  1145)  and  Hackel  (Engl.  u. 
Prantl,  Pflanzenfam.  ii.  Abt.  2, 48)  refer  this  genus  to  the  tribe  Agrosteae, 
on  account  of  the  1 -flowered  spikelets,  but  the  structure  of  the  lemma, 
the  prolongation  of  the  rhachilla  beyond  the  floret,  together  with  the 
occasional  occurrence  in  E.  ovatus  of  a  second  floret  (N.S.  Wales  : 
Richmond  River,  Stephe?ison)  point  to  a  relationship  with  genera  of 
the  Festuceae.  This  is  recognized  by  Morris  in  Ewart's  Flora  of  Victoria 
(p.  109),  where  he  transfers  it  to  that  tribe. 

Echinopogon  Beauv.  has  usually  been  restricted  to  the  original 
species  E.  ovatus  (G.  Forst.)  Beauv.  An  examination  of  the  material 
of  this  genus  in  the  Brisbane,  Kew  and  Sydney  Herbaria,  together 
with  a  study  of  living  plants,  has  demonstrated,  however,  the  existence 
of  a  number  of  well-defined  although  closely  related  types  which  seem 
worthy  of  recognition  as  distinct  species.  Descriptions  of  these  are 
given  below,  together  with  a  key  to  assist  in  their  identification. 

For  some  years  it  has  been  known  that  Echino'pogon  ovatus  (sensu 
lato),  commonly  known  as  Rough  Bearded  Grass,  is  dangerous  to 
stock.*  It  causes  a  peculiar  form  of  staggers,  the  animals  showing 
a  stilted  or  staggery  gait  which  on  excitement  increases  to  complete 
incoordination  of  the  muscles  of  locomotion  ;  thus  if  the  animals  are 
frightened,  they  rush  about  and  often  die  as  the  result  of  an  accident. 
Calves,  kids  and  lambs  are  more  susceptible  than  fully  grown  animals. 
It  is  only  in  its  young  stages  that  the  grass  is  harmful  and  the  complaint 
is  apparently  only  prevalent  in  the  Northern  Tableland  of  New  South 
Wales  where  the  genus  attains  its  greatest  development. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Echinopogon. 

fSpikelets  5-10  mm.  long  ;  glumes  finely  acute  or  acuminate  ;  lemma 
with  setiform  lobes  up  to  2*5  mm.  long  : 

Panicle  nodding  or  inclined ;  peduncle  usually  slender  and  smooth, 
especially  just  beneath  the  panicle,  sometimes  scaberulous ; 
ovary  hairy  at  the  apex,  very  rarely  glabrous  : 

Spikelets  mostly  7-10  mm.  long  ;  glumes  loosely  and  rigidly 
ciliate  on  the  keels . 1 .  E.  Cheelii. 

Spikelets  5-7  (rarely  8)  mm.  long ;  glumes  rigidly  ciliolate 
or  scabrid  on  the  keels . 2.  E.  nutans. 

*  See  Henry  &  Massey  in  Agric.  Gaz.  N.S.  Wales,  xxii.  116  (1911) ;  Seddon  & 
Came,  l.c.  xxxvii.  684  (1926),  and  in  N.S.  Wales,  Dept.  Agric.  Sci.  Bull.  no.  26.  34 
(1926) ;  Seddon  in  Rep.  Austral.  &,  New  Zeal.  Assoc.  Adv.  Sci.  xx.  412,  419  (193l)» 
and  in  Agric.  Gaz.  N.S.  Wales,  xlv.  505  (1934). 


3 


Panicle  stiffly  erect ;  peduncle  retrorsely  scabrid  ;  ovary  usually 
glabrous  ;  spikelets  5-7  mm.  long  ;  glumes  loosely  and  rigidly 
ciliate  on  the  keels . 3.  E.  intermedins. 

tfSpikelets  2*5-5  mm.  long  ;  glumes  acute  to  obtuse  ;  lemma  acutely 
2-lobed  or  entire  at  the  apex,  rarely  with  the  lobes  setiform  and 
up  to  1  *5  mm.  long  ;  panicle  stiffly  erect,  rarely  nodding  (?) : 

Spikelets  3-5  mm.  long ;  awns  usually  over  3  mm.  and  up  to 
15  mm.  long  ;  glumes  smooth  or  asperulous  on  the  sides,  very 
rarely  minutely  pubescent  and  then  with  well-developed  awns  ; 
panicle  0*8-10  cm.  long,  0-8-2-5  cm.  wide  : 

Culms  loosely  to  densely  tufted,  erect  or  geniculate  at  the 
base,  2-4-noded ;  leaf-blades  linear,  erect,  1*5-5  mm. 
wide . .  .  .  .  4.  E.  caespitosus. 

Culms  loosely  clustered  or  solitary,  mostly  geniculately 
ascending  from  a  slender  creeping  rhizome,  3-7-noded  ; 
leaf-blades  lanceolate-linear  to  linear,  the  upper  spreading 
or  becoming  deflexed,  2-8  mm.  wide  ....  5.  A1,  ovatus. 

Spikelets  2*5-4  mm.  long  (when  over  3*5  mm.  then  awnless); 
awns  or  mucros  0*2-3  mm.  long  : 

Panicle  0*6-2  cm.  long,  0*6-1  *2  cm.  wide,  bristly  ;  spikelets 
2 *5-3 *5  mm.  long;  lemma  usually  awned  with  the  awn 
up  to  3  mm.  long  . . 6.  E.  McKiei. 

Panicle  1*5-3  cm.  long,  0*6-0 *8  cm.  wide,  not  bristly* 
spikelets  3*5-4  mm.  long;  lemma  mucronate,  with  the 
mucro  0-2-1 -5  mm.  long . 7.  E.  phleoides. 


Enumeration  of  species. 

Hubbard^ffiS  E'  \hfKlT'1 ;  sPecies  nova>  E.  intermedia  C.  E. 
Hubbard  affims,  pamcula  tandem  nutante,  pedunculo  infra  mnienkm 
gracillimo  plerumque  laevi  vei  fere  laevi, 

ve  mean-lanceolatis,  ovano  apice  dense  breviter  hirsute  distinguenda. 

ffmmen  perenne,  laxe  caespitosum,  2-10  dm.  altum.  Culmi  erecti 
nod n!81  gemculatl>  graciles  vel  validiusculi,  striati,  simplices,  ^-5-nodes, 
nanio,  l  Ver8iUS  .retr1orse  scabri,  internodio  summo  gracillimo  infra 
Pier  m  m  aeV1  Ve  mmUte  scaberul°  raro  scabro.  Foliorvm  vaginae 
iuferio  ^UG  r(  ^rorse  scabrae,  striatae,  internodiis  breviores,  glabrae  vel 
1*5  nimS]  iSParsc  breviter  pilosae ;  ligulae  truncatae,  usque  ad 
vel  nun  r  °ngae  ’  laminae  lineares  vel  lanceolato-lineares,  apice  acutae 
Klabrae^(  n*i  eS’  USC*Ue  a<^  ^  cm*  *ongae  et  10  mm.  latae,  planae,  firmae, 
inarm nil^1  8parse  P^osae>  scaberulae  vel  supra  et  subtus  laeves, 
Vel  VUS  ®caberulis  et  plerumque  hispidulis.  Panicula  lanceolata 
lata  (  *a  ••  ovat.0-°blonga,  densa,  nutans,  2*5-6  cm.  longa,  1-3  cm. 
qUe  y  rjltls  m°lU8i8).  Spiculae  lineares  vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  plerum- 
10  mm.  longae,  pallide  virides,  erectae  vel  inferiores  leviter 


4 


patentes.  Glumae  ambitu  anguste  lanceolatae,  tenuiter  acutae, 
spiculae  aequilongae,  firme  membranaceae,  carina  superne  laxe  et 
rigide  ciliatae  et  scabridae.  Lemma  ambitu  lineari-lanceolatum, 
6-7  mm.  longum,  apicem  versus  minutissime  hispidulum,  bilobum, 
lobis  seta  rigida  scabrida  usque  ad  2  •  5  mm.  longa  terminatis,  5-9-nerve  ; 
callus  pilis  usque  ad  1*5  mm.  longis  barbatus ;  arista  rigida,  0*8- 
2*2  cm.  longa,  scabra  vel  inferne  minutissime  hispidula.  Palea  carinis 
supra  medium  ciliolata.  Antherae  2*5-3  mm.  longae.  Ovarium  apice 
dense  breviter  hirsutum. 

New  South  Wales.  Gough  County :  Glen  Innes,  Cheel  (type) ; 
“  Kelso,”  Kangaroo  Camp,  Tingha  Road,  30  miles  from  Guyra,  900  m., 
Jan.  1932,  McKie  721  ;  Glencoe,  basaltic  soil,  1140  m.,  Dec.  1931, 
McKie  723.  Hardinge  County :  Inverness  Road,  Ollera,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Guyra,  Nov.  1931,  McKie  720  ;  Box  Hills,  5  miles  W.  of 
Ben  Lomond,  basaltic  soil,  1350  m.,  Dec.  1931,  McKie  722.  Clarke 
County :  Aberfoyle  Road,  13£  miles  E.  of  Guyra,  red  basaltic  soil, 
1200  m.,  Nov.  1930,  McKie  663.  Sandon  County  :  Guyra,  McKie 
W.  37  ;  Little  Lagoon,  5  miles  S.  of  Guyra,  Dec.  1930,  McKie  664. 
Vernon  County :  Moona  Plains,  March  1899,  Crawford ;  Yarrawitch, 
Dec.  1912,  Boorman.  Wallace  County  :  Mt.  Kosciusko,  Sawpit  Creek, 
Jan.  1898,  Maiden.  [Commonwealth  Territory] :  Gudgenby,  Quean- 
beyan,  Jan.  1912,  Cambage  3404. 

Readily  separated  from  E.  ovatus  by  the  more  erect  habit,  relatively 
larger  nodding  panicles,  usually  smooth  peduncles,  much  larger  spikelets 
and  longer  awns. 

According  to  the  Rev.  Norman  McKie  this  grass  is  found  all  over 
the  Guyra  district  and  in  practically  every  kind  of  soil.  It  is  possible 
that  McKie  no.  664  is  a  hybrid  between  E.  Cheelii  and  E.  intermedins  \ 
it  has  a  glabrous  or  hairy  ovary,  and  a  scabrid  peduncle. 


2.  E.  nutans  C.  E.  Ilublxird ;  species  nova,  ab  E.  ovato  (G.  Forst.) 
Beauv.,  panicula  nutante,  pedunculo  prope  paniculam  gracillimo  laevi 
vel  nonnunquam  scabro,  spiculis  majoribus,  lemmate  breviter  bisetoso 
distinguenda. 

Gramen  perenne,  e  rhizomate  gracili  ortum,  usque  ad  7  dm.  altum* 
Culmi  laxe  caespitosi  vel  solitarii,  erect i  vel  basi  geniculati,  graciles, 
simplices,  4-8-nodes,  praecipue  nodos  versus  retrorse  scabri,  props 
paniculam  gracillimi,  laeves  vel  nonnunquam  scabri.  Foliorur n 
vaginae  internodiis  tandem  breviores,  retrorse  scabrae,  glabrae  vel 
inferiores  breviter  pilosae  ;  ligulae  truncatae,  usque  ad  1  mm.  longae  i 
laminae  lineares,  breviter  acutae  vel  apice  pungent es,  2-15  cm.  longae 
3-6  mm.  latae,  planae,  firmae,  glabrae,  plus  minusve  scaberulae* 
Panicula  nutans,  ovato-oblonga  vel  plerumque  oblonga,  densa, 
2-5*5  cm.  longa,  0*8-2  cm.  lata  (aristis  inclusis).  Spiculae  appress^e, 
lineares  vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  5-7  (raro  8)  mm.  longae,  pallide  virides- 


5 


Glumae  spiculae  aequilongae  vel  inferior  paullo  brevior,  ambitu  anguste 
lanceolatae  vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  tenuiter  acutae,  fir  me  membranaceae, 
Carina  superne  rigide  ciliolatae  vel  raro  scabrae.  Lemma  ambitu 
lineare  vel  lineari-lanceolatum,  spiculae  plerumque  aequilongum, 
bilobum,  lobis  seta  scabra  1-2  mm.  longa  terminates,  5-nerve ;  callus 
pilis  usque  ad  1  mm.  longis  barbatus  ;  arista  rigida,  6—14  mm.  longa, 
scabra.  Palea  carinis  supra  medium  scabra  vel  rigide  ciliolata. 
Antherae  circiter  1  mm.  longae.  Caryopsis  anguste  oblonga,  3  mm. 
longa,  apice  dense  breviter  hirsuta. 


Queensland.  Port  Curtis  District :  Rosedale,  in  rocky  watercourse, 
Jan.  1932,  Dovey  G  95.  Burnett  District:  Coalstoun  Lakes,  fairly 
common  in  Eucalyptus  forest,  May  1931,  White  7715.  Wide  Bav 
District:  Booyal,  via  Childers,  April  1931,  Coleman  1.  Moreton 
District:  Toogoolawah,  April  1931,  Alexander  4;  North  Pine  River, 
on  somewhat  shaded  land,  Dec.  1930,  Blake  93  ;  Enoggera  Creek 
near  Brisbane,  April  1908,  White ;  Taylor  Range,  Mt.  Coot-tha,  near 
Brisbane,  on  slopes  in  open  Eucalyptus  forest,  shaly  soil,  150  m., 
April  1930,  Hubbard  2047  ;  Brisbane.,  Albert  Park,  Bailey ;  banks 
of  Brisbane  River,  in  partial  shade,  Nov.  1930,  Hubbard  4810  (type), 
Bailey ,  Dec.  1917,  White  ;  near  Mt.  Gravatt  and  Sunnybank  Cemetery 
Reserve,  in  open  Eucalyptus  forest,  March  1931,  Hubbard  8073  ; 
Waterford,  Mead ;  Tambourine  Mtn.,  in  open  Eucalyptus  forest, 
together  with  Themeda  australis  and  Poa  australis ,  540  m.,  May  1930* 
Hubbard  2447  ;  between  Calvert  and  Lanefield,  in  grassland,  cleared 
Eucalyptus  forest  country,  April  1930,  Hubbard  2112  ;  Mt.  Mistake  in 
open  Eucalyptus  forest,  amongst  Themeda  australis ,  450  m  Nov  1930 
Hubbard  5254 ;  Bcenleigh,  Jan.  1932,  Michael  1914  •  foot  of  Mt* 
Barney  m  Eucalyptus forest,  along  river  courses  and  on  alluvial  flats', 
Dec.  1932,  White  8752.  Darling  Downs  District:  Toowoomba  in 

mrn  t?b' Su  ,,  5901 ;  hilw»  in  »p» 

)  m.,  Feb.  1934,  Blake  5140 ;  Spring  Creek,  near  Killarney  on 
s  opes  in  cleared  Eucalyptus  forest  country,  March  1931,  Hubbard  5821. 


E.  nutans  var  major  C.  E.  Hubbard;  varietas  nova,  a  typo  recedens 
culn.s  validionbus  usque  ad  1-2  m.  altis,  panicula  4-7-5  cm.  longa, 
■is  usque  ad  2  cm.  longis,  ovario  glabro  vel  fere  glabro. 

nf  South  TV  ales.  Hardinge  County :  Wandsworth,  15  miles  N.W. 
t'uyra,  1080  m.,  Dec.  1931,  McKie  717,  718,  719  (type). 


foif  'Tr  nutans  ’s  common  occurrence  in  the  Eucalyptus 
8j  s,  8  °  Moreton  District  in  Queensland.  On  account  of  the 
ttiut  (  ^  Pe^Unc^es>  usually  oblong  panicles  bend  over  and  nod  at 
»  ]W  ^his  character  the  species  may  be  easily  distinguished 
P*ui  1  °Va^us  latter  having  stiffly  erect,  more  ovate 


-6 


3.  E.  intermedius  C .  E.  Hubbard ,  supra  (t.  3261). 
Distrib.  Southern  Queensland  and  New  South  Wales. 


4.  E.  caespitosus  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  species  nova,  affinis  E.  ovato 
(G.  Forst.)  Beauv.,  a  quo  culmis  laxe  vel  dense  caespitosis  erectis  vel 
basi  leviter  geniculatis  2-4-nodibus,  foliorum  laminis  inferioribus 
plerumque  longioribus  erectis,  spiculae  rhachilla  breviore  saepe  glabra, 
ovario  saepe  glabro  vel  fere  glabro  recedit. 

Gramen  perenne,  laxe  vel  dense  caespitosum,  usque  ad  1  m.  altum. 
Culmi  erecti  vel  basi  geniculati,  graciles  vel  validiusculi,  rigidi,  simplices, 
2-4-nodes,  retrorse  scabri  vel  laeves.  Foliorum  vaginae  tandem 
internodiis  breviores,  tenuiter  striatae,  glabrae,  retrorse  scabrae  vel 
laeves  ;  ligulae  truncatae,  usque  ad  2  mm.  longae ;  laminae  lineares, 
in  apicem  durum  subobtusum  attenuatae,  usque  ad  25  cm.  longae,  - 
1  *5-5  mm.  lata©,  planae,  firmae,  glabrae  vel  nonnunquam  pubescentes, 
scaberulae  vel  plus  minusve  laeves.  Panicula  oblonga  vel  lanceolata, 
densa  vel  densissima,  continua  vel  inferne  interrupta,  erecta  vel  raro 
nutans  (?),  1-10  cm.  longa,  0*8-2  cm.  lata  (aristis  inclusis).  Spiculae 
lineari-oblongae  vel  oblongae,  3-5  mm.  longae,  virides  vel  purpuras-  I 
centes.  Glmnae  ambitu  lanceolatae,  lanceolato-  vel  lineari-oblongae, 
acutae  vel  subacutae,  spiculae  aequilongae  vel  paullo  breviores,  firme  i 
membranaceae,  carina  scabrae  vel  superne  rigide  ciliolatae.  Lemma  j 
ambitu  lanceolatum  vel  lanceolato-oblongum,  spiculae  aequilongum,  | 
apice  bilobum  vel  integrum,  lobis  brevibus  obtusis  vel  acutis  raro 
setiformibus  et  usque  ad  1  *5  mm.  longis,  5-7-nerve  ;  callus pilis  circiter 
1  mm.  longis  barbatus  ;  arista  rigida,  usque  ad  1  *4  cm.  longa,  scabra.  | 
Palea  carinis  apicem  versus  scabra  vel  scabrido-ciliolata.  Antherae 
1-2  mm.  longae.  Ovarium  apice  glabrum  vel  nonnunquam  plus  i 
minusve  breviter  pilosum. 

Queensland.  Darling  Downs  District :  Stanthorpe,  Feb.  1889  and 
1891,  Bailey ,  in  cleared  Eucalyptus  forest  country,  in  granite  grit, 
March  1931,  Hubbard  5710;  Wallangarra,  Dec.  1903,  Maiden  and 
Boorman ,  Nov.  1912  and  April  1914,  Boorman ,  in  Eucalyptus  forest, 
1000  m.,  Jan.  1933,  Blake  4421,  4689;  Hampton,  Oct.  1931,  Kerr ; 
Wyberba,  shady  creek  bank,  830  m.,  Jan.  1933,  Blake  4544.  Moreton 
District:  foot  of  Mt.  Barney,  along  creek  sides,  Dec.  1932,  White  8748. 

New  South  Wales.  New  England,  Stuart.  Clive  County  :  Tenter- 
field,  near  Sandy  Hills,  Hindman.  Hardinge  County :  Ollera,  light 
soil  (trap  rock),  1080  m.,  Jan.  1932,  McKie  726,  727  ;  Black  Gully* 
Tingha  Road,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Guyra,  hard  white  soil,  Dec.  1930,  McKie 
665,  Jan.  1932,  McKie  733.  Sandon  County  :  Red  Hill,  3  miles  N. 
Armidale,  slate  formation,  990  m.,  Dec*  1931,  McKie  724,  725. 
Macquarie  County :  Hastings  River,  Beckler.  Northumberland  County  • 
Awaba,  near  Newcastle,  Nov.  1914,  Boorman.  Blue  Mountains,  Deo. 
1882,  Betche;  near  Katoomba,  in  railway  enclosure,  common,  Apn 


7 


1931,  Hubbard  8453  (type).  Paramatta,  May  1800,  Caley  (Herb.  Mus. 
Brit.).  Hornsby,  near  Sydney,  April  and  Oct.  1914,  Blakely.  Sydney, 
Hooker ,  Stephenson  110  ;  Homebush,  Sydney,  on  shale,  June  1930, 
Vickery  9,  10;  North  Sydney,  Jan.  1912.  Cleland ;  Port  Jackson, 
Ga udichaud,  Moore ,  Brown  6217  (Herb.  Mus.  Brit.,  partim).  Ingleburn, 
28  miles  S.  of  Sydney,  on  shale,  May  1931,  Blakely  and  McKie  734. 
Vincent  County  :  Kangaroo  Valley,  12  miles  W.  of  Nowra,  April  1929, 
Rodway  ;  Huskisson,  Jervis  Bay,  Dec.  1925  and  April  1929,  Rodway. 
Wynyard  County  :  Wagga  Wagga,  Whittet  1.  Without  precise  locality, 
Sieber  89  (Herb.  Mus.  Brit.). 

In  the  field,  E.  caespitosus  may  be  distinguished  from  E.  ovatus  by 
its  compact  tufts  with  more  erect  and  usually  taller  culms.  It  shows 
a  considerable  range  of  fluctuation  apart  from  the  marked  variety 
described  below.  In  some  cases  the  differences  are  no  doubt  due  to 
the  varied  conditions  of  soil  and  moisture  under  which  the  species  is 
found.  These  would  account  for  the  range  in  the  size  of  the  inflorescence, 
plants  with  greater  vigour  having  elongated  and  often  interrupted 
panicles.  Such  variations  occur  here  and  there  throughout  the  area 
of  the  species  and  have  probably  no  systematic  value.  Several  of  the 
specimens  cited  above  from  Southern  Queensland  and  Northern  New 
South  Wales,  however,  differ  from  the  typical  form  in  often  having 
smooth  peduncles  and  leaf-sheaths,  and  shortly  bisetose  lemmas  ;  they 
may  represent  a  second  distinct  variety. 


E.  caespitosus  var.  Cunninghamii  C.  E.  Hubbard  ;  varietas  nova  a 
typo  recedens  pedunculo  fere  laevi,  panicula  densissima  3-5  cm 
longa  1-5  cm.  lata,  spiculis  3-3-5  mm.  longis,  glumis  minutissime 
pubescentibus  canna  pills  minus  ngidis  conspicue  ciliolatis,  lemmate 
i  i  i-nervi. 

New  South  Wales.  Wellington  Valley,  Nov.  1825,  Cunningham  10. 


o.  E.  ovatus  (G.  Forst.)  Beauv.  Agrost.  42,  t  9  fig  5  M 81 21  •  Bentb 

l  M878i  Pr°  Part6;  Buchan an  ^  Mam^Grass^Ne  w 

Mai  i  *j7’ivr’  13p  (1880^t  Moore>  Handb.  FI.  N.S.  Wales,  484  (1893) ; 

pitiim11 'mqoTs  Wale^  141  (1898) ;  F- M  Ballcy>  Q«eensi. 
.  vi.  1^78  (1902);  Rodway,  Tasman.  FI.  268  (1903);  Black,  FI. 

fl99«^8trSr'  6-8  ^1922) ;  Cheeseman,  Man.  New  Zeal.  FI.  ed.  2,  150 
Agrost’  Sr™ln  Ewart’  FL  Vict-  144  0 930).  E.  aspera  Trim  Fund. 
p  ■ . "  126  (1820).  E.  Sieberi  Steud.  Syn.  PI.  Glum.  i.  183  (1854). 
E  n  band°gcr  in  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  France,  lxvi.  300  (1920),  in  clavi. 
A  nr  nil Urn  scens  tJandoger,  l.c.  E.  novae-zelandiae  Gandoger,  l.c. 
t  Z  G-  Forst-  Prodr-  8  (1786) ;  Labill.  PI.  Nov.  Holl.  i.  19, 

Grat  •  * 4J  ’  B-  Prodr.  171  (1810).  Cinna  ovata  Kunth,  R4v. 
i  (1829).  Hystericina  alopecuroides  Steud.  Syn.  PI.  Glum. 


.8 


Gramen  perenne,  e  rhizomate  gracili  saepe  elongato  ortum,  1  *5-7  dm. 
altum.  Culmi  laxe  fasciculati  vel  solitarii,  plerumque  geniculato- 
ascendentes,  graciles,  rigidiusculi,  simplices,  3-7-nodes,  retrorse  scabri 
vel  scaberuli,  raro  laeves.  Foliorum  vaginae  internodiis  breviores, 
retrorse  scabrae  vel  scaberulae  vel  laeves,  glabrae  vel  inferiores  pilosae  ; 
ligulae  truncatae,  usque  ad  2  mm.  longae ;  laminae  lineares  vel 
plerumque  lanceolato-lineares,  breviter  acutae,  1*5-16  cm.  longae 
(superiores  usque  ad  6  cm.),  2-8  mm.  latae,  scabridae  vel  marginibus 
scaberulis  exceptis  laeves,  glabrae,  superiores  patentes  vel  tandem 
deflexae.  Panicula  rigide  erecta,  ovata  vel  oblonga,  densa  vel  den- 
sissima,  0*8-5  cm.  longa,  1-2*5  cm.  lata  (aristis  inclusis).  Spiculae 
lineari-oblongae,  3*5-5  mm.  longae,  virides,  raro  purpurascentes, 
demum  horizontaliter  patentes.  Glvmae  spiculae  aequilongae  vel 
paullo  breviores,  ambitu  anguste  lanceolatae  vel  lineari-lanceolatae, 
acutae  vel  obtusae,  carina  scabrae  vel  rigide  ciliolatae.  Lemma  ambitu 
lineari-lanceolatum,  apice  minute  bilobum  vel  integrum ;  arista 
3-15  mm.  longa,  scabra.  Palea  carinis  apicem  versus  ciliolata. 
Antherae  1-1*5  mm.  longae.  Ovarium  apice  breviter  hirsutum. 
Caryopsis  lanceolato-oblonga,  2-2*5  mm.  longa. 

Distrib.  Queensland  (North  Kennedy,  Moreton  and  Darling  Downs 
Districts) ;  New  South  Wales  ;  Victoria  ;  Tasmania  ;  South  Australia  ; 
Western  Australia  ;  Norfolk  Island  ;  New  Zealand. 


E.  ovatus  var.  pubiglumis  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  varietas  nova,  a  typo 
recedens  glumis  brevissime  pubescentibus,  spiculae  rhachilla  breviore 
glabra,  ovario  glabro,  panicula  densissima. 

Western  Australia.  Without  precise  locality,  Drummond  312 
(type),  348. 

This  variety  resembles  E.  ovatus  in  habit,  the  latter  also  occurring 
in  Western  Australia.  The  structure  of  the  spikelets  is,  however, 
nearer  to  that  of  the  Queensland  and  New  South  Wales  species, 
E.  caespito8U8. 

Although  Echinopogon  ovatus  is  the  most  widely  spread  of  all  the 
species  of  this  genus,  it  is  very  uniform  both  in  habit  and  structure. 
In  Queensland  it  is  frequently  found  in  moister  situations  than  any 
of  the  other  species,  and  this  is  probably  the  case  in  parts  of  Ne'V 
South  Wales ;  in  New  Zealand,  on  the  other  hand,  it  grows  in  dry 
places  (according  to  Cheeseman). 

Echinopogon  Sieberi  Steud.  was  based  on  “  E.  ovatus  Sieber  Hrbr. 
N.  Holl.”  A  specimen  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  labelled  “  Sieber  89 
which  is  referable  to  E.  ovatus ,  may  possibly  be  part  of  the  type' 
collection.  The  corresponding  specimen  in  the  British  Museum 
Herbarium  is,  however,  E.  caespitosus .  Steudel’s  description  agree 
best  with  E.  ovatus ,  e.g.  the  flaccid  leaves  1-2  in.  long,  the  4  lin.  l°nk 


9 


panicle,  and  the  bearded  apex  of  the  grain.  On  this  account  E.  Sieberi 
is  treated  as  a  synonym  of  E.  ovatus. 

The  types  of  Gandoger’s  species,  E.  virens ,  E.  purpurascens  and 
E.  novae-zelandiae ,  which  are  in  the  Botanical  Institute  Herbarium, 
Lyon,  have  been  kindly  lent  for  examination  by  Dr.  J.  Beauverie. 
They  represent  the  same  species  as  E.  ovatus ;  in  fact  the  type  of 
E.  novae-zelandiae  is  a  very  good  match  with  a  syntype  of  Agrostis 
ovata  G.  Forst.  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  whilst  the  other  two  only  differ 
in  having  smaller  panicles.  Gandoger  cites  Maiden  as  the  collector 
of  E.  virens ,  but  there  is  little  doubt  that  the  real  collector  was  E.  Betche 
(who  collected  E.  ovatus  at  Walcha  in  Dec.  1898),  and  that  the  specimen 
was  only  communicated  by  Maiden  to  Gandoger.  A  duplicate  of 
Betche’s  plant  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  exactly  matches  the  type  of 
E.  virens. 

The  majority  of  the  specimens  used  by  Bentham  in  the  preparation 
of  the  account  of  Echinopogon  ovatus  for  the  Flora  Australiensis 
(vii.  599)  were  correctly  named,  but  one  (Liverpool  Plains,  Moore  112) 
is  now  placed  with  E.  intermedius ,  and  a  few  others  are  cited  under 
E.  caespitosus.  In  the  Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.  Wales,  vol.  iii. 
p.  388,  Turner  gives  an  account,  together  with  a  plate  (t.  28),  of 
E.  ovatus.  The  latter  illustrates  two  species,  the  drawing  on  the  left- 
hand  side  and  figs.  D,  B  and  C  (left)  being  of  E.  intermedius ,  whilst  that 
on  the  right  and  figs.  A,  B  and  C  (right)  are  of  E.  caespitosus. 


6.  E.  McKiei  C.  E.  Hubbard  ;  species  nova,  affinis  E.  ovato  (G.  Forst.) 
Beauv.,  a  quo  spiculis  minoribus,  glumis  minute  pubescentibus,  aristis 
brevioribus,  ovario  glabro  differt. 


Gramen  perenne,  laxe  caespitosum,  e  rhizomate  gracili  ortum, 

1- 3  -5dm.  altum .  Culmi  erecti  vel  basi  geniculati,  gracillimi,  simplices’ 

2- 4-nodes,  nodos  et  pamculam  versus  retrorse  scaberuli  vel  fere 
laeves,  mternodio  summo  (pedunculo)  usque  ad  22  cm.  longo.  Foliorum 
vaginae  internodiis  tandem  breviores,  striatae,  glabrae  vel  inferiores 
sparse  pubescentes,  superiores  plus  minusve  retrorse  scaberulae  vel 
sea  irae ,  ligulae  truncatae,  usque  ad  1  -5  mm.  longae  ;  laminae 
dneares,  apice  pungentes  vel  subobtusae,  2-12  cm.  longae  (summae 

-1*5  cm.),  2-3  mm.  latae,  supra  arete  nervosae,  hispidulae  vel 
pubescentes  vel  glabrescentes,  scaberulae  vel  fere  laeves.  Panicula 
jU’ecta,  densissima,  oblonga,  0*6-2  cm.  longa,  0*6-1  *2  cm.  lata  (aristis 
^ c. l?S18) •  Spiculae  lineari-oblongae  vel  oblongae,  2  •  5-3 •  5  mm.  longae, 
am  es,  tandem  horizontaliter  patentes.  Glumae  spiculae  plus  minusve 
su?UJ  <)U^ae’  ^mkitu  lineari-oblongae  vel  lineari-lanceolatae,  acutae  vel 
°  tusae,  firme  membranaceae  vel  induratae,  minute  pubescentes, 
urina  puis  rigidis  usque  ad  0*6  mm.  longis  ciliolatae.  Lemma  glumis 
^  aequilongum,  ambitu  lanceolatum  vel  lineari-oblongum,  apice 
nus  usque  ad  0*3  mm.  longis  bidentatum,  tandem  induratum, 
-nerve ;  callus  minute  barbatus ;  arista  (vel  mucro)  rigida, 


-10 


scaberula,  usque  ad  3  mm.  longa.  Palea  lemraati  aequilonga,  carinis 
laevis  vel  prope  apicem  scaberula.  Antherae  0*5-1  mm.  longae. 
Caryopsis  oblonga,  1*5  mm.  longa,  glabra. 

New  South  Wales.  Clive  County:  Glen  Elgin,  White-Ilaney. 
Gough  County :  Glencoe,  on  camping  reserve,  Dec.  1931,  McKie  731. 
Clarke  County :  Yellow  Gap,  Oban  Road,  N.E.  of  Guyra,  soil  of 
granite  formation,  Dec.  1931,  McKie  729  (type) ;  9  mile  post,  Ward’s 
Mistake  Road,  N.E.  of  Guyra,  soil  of  slate  formation,  1290  m.,  Dec.  1931, 
McKie  728 ;  near  Gap  View,  Day’s  Mtn.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Guyra, 
granite  soil,  Nov.  1930,  McKie  667.  Sandon  County :  Elderbury 
Creek,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Guyra,  white  soil,  1290  m.,  Dec.  1931,  McKie 
730;  Springmount  Gate,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Guyra,  white  soil  of  slate 
formation,  Dec.  1930,  McKie  666.  Vernon  County  :  Walcha  District, 
Dec.  1898,  Betche. 

7.  E.  phleoides  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  species  nova,  affinis  E.  McKiei 
C.  E.  Hubbard,  a  quo  paniculis  exaristatis,  spiculis  paullo  majoribus, 
lemmate  mucronato  vel  apiculato  recedit. 

Gramen  perenne,  e  rhizomate  gracili  ortum,  2  •  5-4  dm.  altum.  Culrni 
erecti  vel  basi  geniculati,  gracillimi,  simplices,  2-4-nodes,  nodos  et 
paniculam  versus  retrorse  scabridi  vel  nodos  versus  raro  laeves. 
Foliorum  vaginae  internodiis  breviores,  tenuiter  striatae,  scaberulae 
vel  laeves,  glabrae  vel  inferiores  pubescentes  ;  ligulae  truncatae,  usque 
ad  3  mm.  longae ;  laminae  lineares,  apice  subobtusae  et  callosae, 
usque  ad  18  cm.  longae  et  4  mm.  latae,  planae,  firmae,  supra  arete 
nervosae,  laxe  hispidulae.  Panicula  densa,  cylindrica,  ambitu  oblonga, 
erecta,  1*5-3  cm.  longa,  6-8  mm.  lata.  Spiculae  lineari-oblongae, 
3*5-4  mm.  longae,  pallide  virides  vel  apice  purpureae,  demum  hori- 
zontaliter  patentes.  Glumae  anguste  lanceolatae  vel  lineari-lanceolatae, 
acutae,  spiculae  aequilongae,  minute  pubescentes,  carina  pilis  rigidis 
usque  ad  0  •  6  mm.  longis  ciliolatae.  Lemnna  ambitu  lineari-lanceolatum, 
acutum,  3  mm.  longum,  apice  integrum  vel  minute  bidentatum,  apicu- 
latum  vel  mucronatum,  mucrone  rigido  scaberulo  0*2-1  *5  mm.  longo, 
5-7-nerve  ;  callus  breviter  barbatus.  Palea  lemmati  fere  aequilonga? 
carinis  laevis  vel  apicem  versus  minute  ciliolata.  Antherae  0*8-1  mm* 
longae.  Ovarium  glabrum. 

New  South  Wales.  Hardinge  County :  Wandsworth,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Guyra,  in  white  soil  from  quartz  porphyry,  1080  m.,  Dec.  1931, 
McKie  732  (type) ;  Limestone  Creek,  5  miles  beyond  Tenterden, 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Guyra,  Dec.  1930,  McKie  668.— C.  E.  Hubbard* 

Echinopooon  intermedius. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  spikelet ;  3,  lower  glume,  side  view  ;  4,  lower 
glume,  flattened  ;  5,  upper  glume,  side  view ;  6,  floret ;  7,  lemma,  flattened  ; 
8,  palea,  side  view,  showing  prolongation  of  rhachilla ;  9,  palea,  flattened ; 

10,  lodicules ;  11,  stamens  and  pistil;  12,  caryopsis;  13,  transverse  section  o 
caryopsis.  Figs.  2-13,  x  0. 


3262 


S.RrC 


Tabula  3262. 


SCLERANDRIUM  TRUECATIGIiUME  (F.  Muell.)  Stapf  et 

C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Andropogoneae. 


Sclerandrium  Stapf  et  C.  E.  Hubbard.  Genus  novum,  Lophopoqoni 
Hack,  et  Apocopidi  Nees  affine  ;  ab  illo  racemis  elongatis  espathatis 
racemorum  rhachi  tenaci  vel  tarde  disarticulante,  spiculis  valde  hetero- 
morphis,  gluma  inferiore  dorso  haud  transverse  barbata,  gluma  superiore 
mutica,  spiculae  pedicellatae  anthoecio  infero  sterili  supero  $,  anthoecii 
fertilis  lemmate  apice  integro  et  in  aristam  producto,  aristae  columna 
pubescente  vel  pilosa  ;  ab  hac  spiculis  binatis,  sessilibus  pedicellatis 
$  divergens. 


Spiculae  valde  heteromorphae,  imbricatae,  biseriatae,  binatae  altera 
sessilis,  altera  pedicellata,  in  rhachi  gracili  tenaci  vel  tarde  disarticulante 
racemorum  spiciformium  ortae,  sessiles  dorso  compressae  plus  minusve 
persistentes  pedicellatae  subterctcs  a  pedicellis  gracilibus  peisistentibus 
facile  disarticulantes  ;  callus  brevissimus,  barbatus. 

inferum  in  spiculasess.il  $  in  spicula  pedicellata  sterile  •  sup™  in 
spicula  sessili  in  spicula  pedicellate  0  i  ’  superum  in 

velobovato-oblongae  GluZe SualS  •  "  oblonga« 

dorso  convexa,  oblonga  veUboJato  oWa;-  "0'  !Upenore  brevior> 
emarginata  vel  dentata,  6-7-nervis  coriacef  Vel  late 

anguste  ovata,  ovato-oblonga  vel  anguste  oblonir  S^^^’  SUpenor 
spiculae  aequilonga,  superne  JcarinSa  firm!  g  ’  °JtUSa  Vel  truncata> 
Anihoeeium  inferum :  lemma  li!!,’.  f  mfn\branacea,  3-nervis. 

obtusum,  uni-subtriplinerve  hyalinun^veM  '  °  •  ineari'lanceolatum> 
palea  lemmati  sirnilis  sed  obscure  TJrti  ]  A  membranaceum ; 
lemma  lineare  v^l  onm  +  1  6  w  nervis-  Anihoeeium  superum: 

miicronatuin  vpI  -  *  +  S  S  \  ance°latum,  apice  minute  bilobum, 
vel  anguste  oblomn  V1™’  1’?ervo’  ^a,lnum  5  Pal0a  ovato-oblonga 
tenuisstme  2-nervi!g%  em!la  ?aU!°  longlor’  h-valina>  enervis  vel 
oblongo-lanceol -it  ae  ‘  £wulae  Ped“xllatae  anguste  oblongae  vel  anguste 
v°lutae  terndt  •  ° e  ae1uales>  spiculae  aequilongae,  eon- 
oblonga  vel  !,  .COrlaCeae;r,nferi°r  (^planata)  lanceolato-  vel  ovato- 
3-7.ng  •  ovata\  aPlce  obtusa,  truncata  vel  minute  2-3-dentata, 
an8Usto  nkl  HUl)0rior  (explaiiata)  elliptico-  vel  ovato-oblonga  vel 
°nga ,  obt u sa ,  obscure  3-nervis.  Anihoeeium  inferum: 

Ve|  ^ullnmg*UStei/CVl  ngUm’  obtusum>  hyalinum,  1-nerve  vel  enerve, 

>  pa^tyO.  Anihoeeium  superum  :  lemma  lineari-oblongum, 


2 


hyalinum,  1 -nerve,  in  aristam  longam  geniculatam  abiens ;  palea 
oblonga  vel  ovato-oblonga,  truncata,  hyalina,  enervis.  Lodiculae 
nullae.  Stamina  2 ;  antherae  lineares.  Ovarium  glabrum ;  styli 
distincti,  terminates ;  stigmata  plumosa,  ex  apice  anthoecii  exserta. 
Caryopsis  anguste  oblonga. — Gramina  perennia ;  foliorum  laminae 
lineares,  planae ;  ligulae  breves,  membranaceae  ;  racemi  terminates, 
binati  vel  subdigitati,  secundi,  densi,  sessiles  vel  brevissime  pedunculati. 

Species  4,  Indo-Chinae,  Siamiae  et  Australiae  septentrionalis  incolae. 
Typus  :  S.  truncatiglume  (F.  Muell.)  Stapf  et  C.  E.  Hubbard. 


S.  truncatiglume  (F.  Muell.)  Stapf  et  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  comb.  nov. 
Ischaemvm  truncatiglume  F.  Muell.  ex  Benth.  FI.  Austral,  vii.  518 
(1878) ;  F.  Muell.  Syst.  Cens.  Austral.  PI.  131  (1882) ;  Second  Cens. 
221  (1889) ;  Ewart  et  Davies,  FI.  North.  Territ.  28  (1917).  Lophopogon 
truncatiglumis  Hack,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  vi.  255  (1889). — Affine 
S.  intermedio  (A.  Camus)  C.  E.  Hubbard,*  a  quo  foliis  fere  glabris, 
racemis  3-6,  spiculis  sessilibus  plerumque  obovato-oblongis,  gluma 
inferiore  spiculae  sessilis  dorso  valde  convexa  demum  cartilaginea 
differt. 

Culmi  caespitosi,  usque  ad  1  -5  m.  alti,  erecti,  graciles  vel  validiusculi, 
teretes,  simplices,  3-5-nodes,  glabri  laevesque.  Foliorum  vaginae 
firmae,  ore  laxe  et  breviter  barbatae  vel  totae  glabrae,  laeves,  inferiores 
internodiis  longiores,  intermediae  et  superiores  internodiis  breviores ; 
ligulae  truncatae  vel  oblique  truncatae,  usque  ad  1  mm.  longae  ;  laminae 
basin  versus  attenuatae,  apice  tenuiter  acutae,  usque  ad  50  cm.  longae 
et  1  cm.  latae,  firmae,  supra  prope  ligulam  sparse  pilosae,  ceterum 
glabrae,  marginibus  minute  scaberulis  exceptis  laeves.  Racemi  3-6, 
erecti,  4-8  cm.  longi,  graciles  ;  axis  primarius  usque  ad  1  *5  cm.  longus  , 
racemorum  rhachis  laxe  pilosa,  subtrigona  vel  compressa ;  pedicelh 
usque  ad  1*5  mm.  longi,  ciliati.  Spiculae  sessiles  5-6  mm.  longae, 
stramineae.  Glmna  inferior  obovato-oblonga,  truncata  vel  plerumqac 
2-3-dentata,  3*5-5  mm.  longa,  marginibus  et  apice  pilis  erectis  alb19 
usque  ad  2*5  mm.  longis  ciliata,  dorso  glabra  et  laevis,  intus  7-nervis> 
infra  apicem  nervis  anastomosantibus  ;  gluma  superior  anguste  ovatfl 
vel  oblonga,  obtusa,  margines  et  apicem  versus  breviter  appresse 
pilosa.  Anthoecium  inferum  :  lemma  lanceolatum,  4-5  mm.  longu^’ 
margines  et  apicem  versus  breviter  pilosum  vel  fere  glabrum ;  p^0* 
lemmati  similis  sed  paullo  latior,  minus  pilosa  vel  fere  glabra,  tenuissinlC 
2-nervis.  Anthoecium  superum  :  lemma  4-5  mm.  longum,  plerumqu® 
mucronatum  (mucrone  usque  ad  3  mm.  longo),  superne  breviter  pilosui^ » 
palea  ovato-oblonga,  apicem  versus  breviter  pilosa.  Spiculae  pea 
cellatae  3-3*6  mm.  longae,  brunneae ;  callus  pilis  brevibus  dens 
fulvis  barbatus.  Gluma  inferior  (explanata)  ovata  vel  ovato-oblong  ; 
obscure  5-7 -nervis,  j>ilis  brevibus  appressis  albis  demum  fulvis  indu 

*  Sclerandrium  intermedium  (A.  Camus)  C.  E.  Hubbard , 

Lophopogon  intermedium  A.  Camus  in  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  11)1“, 


3 


gluma  superior  pilis  similibus  induta  vel  glabrescens.  Anthoecium 
inferum :  lemma  usque  ad  3  mm.  longum,  apicem  versus  pilis  paucis 
praeditum.  Anthoecium  superum  :  lemma  1  •  5-2  mm.  longum,  glabrum 
vpl  superne  longe  ciliatum  ;  arista  16-22  mm.  longa,  columna  flexuosa, 
pilosa,  5-9  mm.  longa,  brunnea  ;  palea  2  *5-2  *8  mm.  longa,  glabra  vel 
fere  glabra.  Antherae  2  *5-3  *5  mm.  longae. 

Northern  Australia.  Arnhem  Land,  Mueller ;  Port  Darwin, 
Allen  26,  II b.  Brisbane  44. 


Bentham,  when  describing  Ischaemum  truncatiglume  F.  Muell.  in  the 
Flora  Austral iensis,  stated  that  the  aspect  of  the  species  was  nearly 
that  of  the  Asiatic  genus  Apocopis .  It  is  in  fact  more  closely  allied  to 
Apocopis  than  to  the  genus  Ischaemum  in  which  it  was  first  placed. 
This  was  partly  recognized  by  Hackel,  who  transferred  it  to  Lophopogon , 
a  genus  which  he  had  segregated  from  Apocopis  ( sensu  Benth . ) .  Actually 
Sclerandrium  seems  to  occupy  an  intermediate  position  between 
Lophopogon  and  Apocopis.  Lophopogon  Hack,  is  here  restricted  to 
L.  tridentatus  (Roxb.)  Hack.,  the  type  species,  L.  Kingii  Hook,  f.,  and 
a  third  undescribed  Indian  species.  Two  species  originally  described 
under  Lophopogon ,  namely,  L.  intermedius  A.  Camus  and  L.  tenax 
Balansa,  are  referable  to  Sclerandrium  :  the  former  is  transferred  above 
as  a  specimen  of  the  type-collection  has  been  examined,  but  the  latter 
has  not  been  seen,  and  it  is  only  from  the  description  that  it  is  recog- 
nizcd  as  belonging  to  this  genus  An  undescribed  species  of  Sclerandrium 

!#ET ^T£(IrmS!“" by  specim'“  coll“*'d  “ «*■» 

he  proposed  to  ell  SderandriZ  Z  sometime d  h,  1,®'““  wl“'h 
oil  the  Kew  material  ol  that  large  and  difficult th  “  si  "m‘"g 

included  A„u,  $£) 

SedtlemtnT18  ^  “  the  ««»>tribe  IscfuimiZ,  Stapf 

genera  together  withT/'^  7  th°  S?btnbe  Saccharin*.  These  three 
appear’s  tf  £  a  very  natural  series  which 

atherum  and  /  ' r‘  -v  ^^ted  to  Pogonatherum,  Pscudopogon- 
reason  ha  W  ^  hchaemum-  It  was  no  doubt  for  this 
tbe-SaccSZ!Pf  °:mf  Se7es  ‘n  tis  8rouP  PolUniastrae  of 

Varactors  nil  +1  °  Preer,r<‘(  to  classify  them  on  general  morphological 
Th,;  p0uin.^}eT  than  °“  the  Purely  sexual  characters  used  by  Hackel. 
8°litarv  snici'f lar  Hre  c  laracter*zed  by  digitate,  fascicled,  paired  or 
and internal  0r?lirac^mei8-  usually  s^ender,  linear  or  filiform  pedicels 
ti°n  0f  ti  4  ,  os1<)  herhachis,  and  1-2-flowered  spikelets.  An  enumera- 
th(*m  on  f  l  U 1  Ve  fenera  now  assigned  to  the  PolUniastrae  and  a  key  to 
Mow.  7  mSed  0n  a  manuscript  one  prepared  by  Stapf,  are  given 


4 


Key  to  the  genera  of  Polliniastrae. 


*Spikelets  usually  1-flowered  (rarely  2-flowered,  Microstegium  spp.) ; 
lower  glume  distinctly  2-keeled,  at  least  upwards,  dorsally  com¬ 
pressed,  flat  or  depressed  or  with  a  median  groove,  rarely  convex 
or  becoming  terete  and  then  with  the  lower  glume  not  broadly 
truncate  or  broad  and  toothed  at  the  apex  (Homozeugos  and 
Pseudopogonatherum)  : 

Lower  glume  and  lower  lemma  awnless  ;  spikelets  paired  (or  in 
threes)  with  one  (or  two)  sessile  and  the  other  pedicelled, 
rarely  both  pedicelled : 

Spikelets  usually  in  threes  at  each  joint  of  the  rhachis,  two 
sessile  and  one  pedicelled  ;  racemes  solitary  .  .  .  1.  Polytrias. 

Spikelets  paired  at  each  joint  of  the  rhachis,  one  sessile,  the 
other  pedicelled  or  both  pedicelled  ;  racemes  digitate,  paired 
or  fascicled,  rarely  solitary  : 

Leaf-blades  linear  or  rarely  lanceolate-linear,  usually 
gradually  passing  into  the  sheaths ;  racemes  more  or 
less  villous  ;  lower  glume  without  a  narrow  median 
groove  ;  awn  of  the  fertile  lemma  well  developed  : 

Lower  glume  dorsally  flattened  or  shallowly  con¬ 
cave  between  the  keels ;  spikelets  not  terete  at 
maturity ;  callus  obtuse ;  lemma  of  the  upper 
floret  oblong  or  at  least  wider  than  the  awn, 
2-lobed  or  2-toothed  at  the  apex  ;  perennial. 

2.  Eulalia 

Lower  glume  convex  or  becoming  convex  on  the 
back  ;  spikelets  terete  at  maturity  ;  callus  obtuse 
or  acute  : 


Upper  glume  usually  awned ;  upper  lemma 
stipitiform  ;  spikelets  small  (2  *5-3 -5  nn11, 
long),  all  pedicelled  or  with  one  sessile  and 
the  other  pedicelled  ;  annuals. 

3.  PseudopogonathcT urrl' 
Upper  glume  awnless;  upper  lemma  linear J 
spikelets  large  (6-18  mm.  long),  one  sessde 
and  the  other  pedicelled  ;  perennials. 

4.  llomozeug°s * 


Leaf-blades  mostly  lanceolate  to  linear-lanceolate,  oft® 
contracted  at  the  base,  usually  thin ;  racemes  rare  ; 
villous;  lower  glume  with  a  narrow  median  gr0°v*j! 
awn  very  slender,  sometimes  short  or  suppress®  * 
usually  annual ;  culms  mostly  decumbent  and  rooti 
at  the  lower  nodes  : 


5 


Racemes  digitate  or  fascicled,  rarely  solitary  ;  rliachis 
fragile,  the  internodes  filiform  or  thickened. 

5.  Microstegium. 

Racemes  solitary  ;  rhachis  tough,  flat ;  upper  lemma 
deeply  2-lobed  . 6.  Ischnochloa. 


Lower  glume  shortly  2-awned ;  upper  glume  and  both  lemmas 
long-awned  ;  spikelets  paired  with  both  spikelets  pedicelled. 

7.  Polliniopsis. 

**Spikelets  2-  or  sometimes  1 -flowered  (Sclerandrium  and  Pogon- 
atherum)  ;  lower  glume  not  2-keeled,  convex  on  the  back,  that  of  the 
sessile  spikelet  frequently  toothed  or  broadly  truncate  at  the  apex  : 

Racemes  fascicled,  digitate  or  paired,  rarely  solitary  (Apocopis) 
and  then  with  solitary  spikelets  : 


Spikelets  paired,  one  sessile,  the  other  pedicelled  : 

Spikelets  of  each  pair  alike  in  shape  and  sex,  2-flowered  ; 
lower  glume  prominently  nerved ;  stamens  3 ; 
lodicules  present,  each  with  a  tuft  of  long  hairs. 

.  8.  Eulaliopsis. 

Spikelets  of  each  pair  more  or  less  different  in  shape  and 
sex  ;  stamens  2  ;  lodicules  suppressed  : 


Racemes  short,  very  dense  and  fragile,  2-3  in 
dense  fascicles,  sessile  on  a  common  peduncle 
the  fascicles  terminal  on  the  culms  or  on  branches 
which  are  gathered  into  spathate  panicles ; 
spikelets  slightly  heteromorphous,  2-flowered- 
ower  glume  of  fertile  spikelets  with  transversely 
placed  tufts  of  hairs;  upper  glume  with  a 
bristle-like  awn . 9 .  Lophopogon. 

Kacemes  elongated,  less  dense,  tough  or  slowly 
breaking  up,  2-6,  terminal  on  the  culms, 
espa,thate  ;  spikelets  very  heteromorphous, 
sessile  2-flowered,  pedicelled  1-flowered ;  lower 
g  ume  without  transverse  tufts  of  hairs  ;  upper 
glume  muticous . 10.  Sclerandrium . 


Spikelets  solitary,  sessile,  2-flowered ;  pedicelled  spikelets 
reduced  to  the  pedicels ;  lower  glume  broadly  truncate 
or  rounded  at  the  apex,  sometimes  minutely  toothed, 

without  transversely  placed  tufts  of  hairs  .  .  11.  Apocopis. 

Racemes  solitary ;  upper  glume  and  lower  lemma  with  long 
capillary  awns  ;  spikelets  paired,  1-2-flowered  ;  stamens  2  ; 
odieules  0 . 1 T^Pogonaiherum. 


6 


Enumeration  of  the  genera  of  Polliniastrae. 

1.  Polytrias  Hack,  in  Engl.  u.  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenfam.  ii.  Abt.  2, 
21,  24  (1887) ;  et  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  vi.  189  (1889). 

Species  1,  Malayan  Region,  introduced  into  Tropical  Africa  and 
America. 

2.  Eulalia  Kunth ,  Rev.  Gram.  i.  160  (1829) ;  Enum.  P1  i.  479  (1833). 

Species  25-30,  tropical  and  subtropical  regions  of  the  Old  World 

(China  and  Japan,  India,  Malayan  Region,  Australia,  Mascarene 
Islands,  East  and  South  Africa). 

3.  Pseudopogonatherum  A.  Camas  in  Lecomte,  FI.  Gen.  Indo-Chine, 
vii.  254  (1922).  Puliculmn  Stapf  ex  Haines,  Bot.  Bihar  &  Orissa,  1018 
(1924). 

Species  3,  China,  India,  Malayan  Region  and  Northern  Australia. 

4.  Homozeugos  Stapf  in  Hook.  Ic.  PL  xxxi.  t.  3033  (1915)  ;  et  in 
Prain,  FI.  Trop.  Afr.  ix.  101  (1917). 

Species  3,  Tropical  Africa  (Angola). 

5.  Microstegium  Nees  in  Bindley,  Nat.  Syst.  ed.  2,  447  (1836) ; 
A.  Camus  in  Lecomte,  FI.  G6n.  Indo-Chine,  vii.  257  (1922).  PoUinia 
Trin.  in  Mem.  Acad.  P^tersb.  ser.  6,  ii.  304  (1833),  non  Spreng.  (1815). 
Ephebopogon  Nees  et  Meyen  ex  Steud.  Nomencl.  ed.  2,  i.  556  (1840), 
nomen.  Leptathermn  Nees  in  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  i.  92  (1841).  Nema - 
stachys  Steud.  Syn.  PI.  Glum.  i.  357  (1854).  Coelarthron  Hook.  f.  in 
FI.  Brit.  Ind.  vii.  163  (1896)  ;  et  in  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  xxvi.  t.  2517  (1897). 

Species  about  20,  tropical,  subtropical  and  warm  temperate  regions 
of  the  Old  World  (China  and  Japan,  India,  Malayan  Region,  Polynesia, 
East  and  South  Africa). 

6.  Ischnochloa  Hook.  f.  in  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  xxv.  t.  2466  (1896) ;  et  in 
FI.  Brit.  Ind.  vii.  147  (1896). 

Species  1,  India  (North-Western  Himalaya). 

7.  Polliniopsis  llayata ,  Ic.  PL  Formos.  vii.  76,  fig.  45  (1918). 

Species  1,  Formosa.  Not  seen. 

8.  Eulaliopsis  Honda  in  Tokyo  Bot.  Mag.  xxxviii.  56  (20-iii-1924) ; 
et  in  Journ.  Fac.  Sci.  Imp.  Univ.  Tokyo,  sect.  3,  Bot.  pt.  1,  43  (1930). 
PoUinidium  Stapf  ex  Haines,  Bot.  Bihar  &  Orissa,  1020  (28-iii-1924). 

Species  1,  E.  binata  (Retz.)  C.  E.  Hubbard,*  a  native  of  Afghanistan 
India,  China,  Formosa,  Siam,  Indo-China  and  the  Philippines. 

*  Eulaliopsis  binata  (Retz.)  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  comb.  nov. — Andropogon  binaius 
Retz.  Obs.  v.  21  (1789).  Spodiopogori  angustifolius  Trin.  in  M6m.  Acad.  P6terab.t 
aer.  6,  ii.  300  (1833).  Ischaemum  angustifolium  (Trin.)  Hack,  in  DC.  Monogr. 
Phan.  vi.  241  (1889).  Eulaliopsis  angustifolia  (Trin.)  Honda  in  Tokyo  Bot.  Mag* 
xxxviii.  56  (1924).  Pollinidium  angustifolium  (Trin.)  Haines,  Bot.  Bihar  &  Oris«a» 
1020  (1924).  P.  binatum  (Retz.)  C.  E.  Hubbard  in  Kew  Bull.  1932,  72. 


7 


9.  Lophopogon  Hack,  in  Engl.  u.  Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenfam  ii  Abt  2 
22,  26  (1887) ;  et  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  vi.  253  (1889),  p.p.  ' 

Species  3,  India. 

10.  Sclerandrium  Stapf  et  C.  E.  Hubbard  in  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  t.  3262 
(1935). 

Species  4,  Siam,  Indo-China,  Northern  Australia. 

11.  Apocopis  uiVees  in  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  i.  93  (1841) ;  Hack,  in  DC 

Monogr.  Phan.  vi.  256  (1889).  Amblyachyrum  Hochst.  ex  Steud  Svn 
Pi.  Glum.  i.  413  (1855)  ;  et  in  Flora,  1856,  26.  * 

Species  8,  China,  India,  Malayan  Region. 

12.  Pogonatherum  Beauv.  Agrost.  56,  t.  11,  fig.  7  (1812).  HomovlM* 

Trin.  Fund.  Agrost.  166  (1820).  Pogonopsis  J.  B.  Presl  in  C  R  Prill 
Rel.  Haenk.  i.  333,  t.  46  (1830).  *  res1’ 

Species  3,  Japan,  China,  India,  Malayan  Region,  North  Queensland 
Mauritius. — C.  E.  Hubbard.  ’ 

Sclerandrium  truncatiglume. 

Fid.  1,  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  pair  of  spikelets  ;  3-10,  from  sessile  spikelet  — 
3,  lower  glume,  side  view ;  4a,  b  and  o,  lower  glume,  various  types  ■  5  unmr 
glume;  6  lemma  of  lower  floret ;  7,  palea  of  lower  floret ;  8,  stamens  9,  lemma 

17,  lemma  of  upper  floret;  18,  palea  of  upper  floret-  10  °  et » 

12-19,  x  6;  11,  x  16.  PP^  °ret  ’  19’  Pwtl1-  Eigs.  2-10, 


Tabula  3263. 

ISCHAEMUM  FRAGILE  R.  Br. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Andropogoneae. 

.}■  Holi-205  (1810) ;  Benth.  FI.  Austral, 

vii.  522  (1878) ;  h.  Muell.  Syst.  Cens.  Austral.  PI.  132  (1882)  •  F  M 
Bailey  Syn.  Queensl  FL  641  (1883);  Queensl.  FI.  vi.  1855  Vl902)  ; 
Compreh.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  617  (1913)  ;  Hack,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phan 
vi.  250  (1889).  Andropogon  mfirmus  Steud.  Syn.  PI.  Glum.  i.  369 
(1854).  Digasirium  fragile  A.  Camus  in  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  France,  lxx. 
850  (1925). — Ischaemo  rugoso  Salisb.  affine,  habitu  perenni,  spicis 
solitariis,  spiculae  sessilis  gluma  inferiore  haud  rugosa  divergens. 
Descriptio  hie  emendata. 

y 

Gramen  perenne,  caespitosum,  usque  ad  1-1  m.  altum.  Culmi 
erecti  vel  leviter  geniculato-ascendentes,  graciles,  teretes,  s'implices 
3-7-nodes,  glabn  laeves.  Foliorum  vaginae  carinatae,  plerumoue 
arete  appressae,  pubescentes  vel  superne  pilosae  vel  glabrescentes  inter¬ 
mediae  et  superiores  internodiis  demum  breviores ;  nodi  pubescentes 
vel  breviter  barbati ;  ligulae  truncatae  vel  rotundatae,  1-1-5  mm 

rl  terctes’  4  6  cin;  \ongi,  erecti,  demum  e  vagina  surnma  longe  exserti  • 
hacheos  internodii  (“  articuli  ”)  crassissimi,  Cbovati, 

clausi  SfrCr0nV7i«  oentrC  PlaniuscuI°  “embrana  scariosa 
ambobus  T  l0Dg-’  1'8-2.mm-  lati>  dorso  et  margine  uno  vel 
pu rSs  oJ  p!  °vrum  lnstruct1’  Pilis  <*ectis  fulvescentibus  vel  pur- 

mternodik 3?  g  ^  et  8traminei  vel  pallide  virides ;  pedicelli 

Pressi  et  nP  mmU8Ve  Slmiles  et  wboontigui,  sed  dorso  leviter  com- 
6-7  mm  l  lonnun.^am  ovato-oblongi  vel  oblongi.  Spiculae  sessiles 
centes  •  V  <!?^ae,l  111  erne pallide  virides  vel  stramineae,  superne  rufes- 
U8qUn  Lh  9  °b^usu^  brevissimus,  pilis  purpureis  vel  fulvescentibus 
lonffa  uni  mna*  ,0n?1A  lJrtrkatus.  Gluma  inferior  oblonga,  5-6  mm. 
W men  bidentata,  in  duabus  partibus  inferioribus  carti- 

5—7-, lpr,.°,  a<  vis.’  .ln  trie»te  superiore  ehartacea  et  scaberula,  intus 
trientp  B?ar8inibus  inferne  inflexis,  supra  medium  carinatis  et  in 
lanceolQ;Uperi°re  an8us^e  alatis ;  gluma  superior  ambitu  oblique  late 
a,  acuminata,  6-7  mm.  longa,  in  setam  usque  ad  2  mm.  longam 


2 


desinentia,  carinata,  carina  et  lateribus  superne  scaberula  et  marginibus 
ciliolata,  tenuiter  coriacea,  5-7-nervis.  Anthoecium  inferum  :  lemma 
late  lanceolatum  vel  oblongo-lanceolatum,  subacutum,  5  mm.  longum, 
tenuiter  membranaceum,  tenuissime  -1-3-nerve,  marginibus  superne 
ciliolatum ;  palea  late  lanceolata,  acuta,  5  mm.  longa,  firme  mem- 
branacea  vel  tenuiter  coriacea,  marginibus  liyalinis  inflexis.  Anthoecium 
superum  §  :  lemma  elliptico-oblongum,  4  mm.  longum,  hyalinum, 
basi  3-nerve,  lobis  lanceolato-oblongis  usque  ad  3  mm.  longis  ;  arista 
geniculata,  10-18  mm.  longa,  columna  6-9  mm.  longa  glabra  brunnea  ; 
palea  anguste  ovata,  subacuta,  4  mm.  longa,  hyalina,  tenuissime 
2-nervis.  Antherae  lineares,  1  •  5-2  •  5  mm.  longae.  Spiculae  pedicellatae 
4-5  mm.  longae  ;  callus  minutus,  breviter  barbatus.  Glumae  firme 
membranaceae  ;  inferior  late  lanceolata  vel  anguste  ovata,  acuta  vel 
obtusa,  6-8-nervis ;  superior  oblique  oblongo-lanceolata,  acuta, 
carinata,  3-5-nervis.  Anthoecium  inferum  sterile :  lemma  anguste 
oblongum  vel  elliptico-oblongum,  1  *5-3-5  mm.  longum,  hyalinum, 
tenuissime  1-3-nerve,  ciliolatum,  vel  nullum  ;  palea  anguste  oblonga, 
usque  ad  2*5  mm.  longa,  hyalina,  vel  nulla.  Anthoecium  superum  ad 
lemma  ovatum  emarginatum  vel  obtuse  bilobum  usque  ad  1  mm. 
longum  redactum  vel  nullum. 

Queensland.  Cook  District:  Endeavour  River,  1770,  Banks  and 
Solander ;  Daintree  River,  open  ridges,  Feb.  1932,  Brass  2201. 

A  new  species  of  Ischaemum ,  closely  allied  to  I.  fragile  R.  Br.,  occurs 
in  Northern  Queensland.  As  it  bears  on  the  generic  position  of 
I.  fragile ,  a  description  of  it  is  given  below. 


I.  Baileyi  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  species  nova,  I.  fragili  R.  Br.  affinis, 
ligulis  paullo  longioribus,  culmis  compressis  superne  ramosis,  racemis 
plerumque  binatis,  racemis  lateralibus  breviter  pedunculatis  in  vaginis 
spathiformibus  inclusis  vel  ex  iis  lateraliter  exsertis,  rhacheos  internodiis 
plerumque  subtrigonis,  anthoecio  infero  vel  $  vel  £  distinguenda. 


Gramen  perenne,  caespitosum,  usque  ad  0-9  m.  altum.  Culmi 
erecti  vel  leviter  geniculato-ascendentes,  graciles,  leviter  compressi, 
superne  uno  latere  sulcati,  4-6-nodes,  e  nodis  superioribus  ramosi, 
glabri  laevesque.  Foliorum  vaginae  compressae,  carinatae,  laxae, 
internodiis  plerumque  breviores,  pubescentes  vel  superne  pilosae  vel 
glabrae,  apice  auriculatae,  auriculis  erectis  usque  ad  3*5  mm.  longis> 
superiores  tenues  ;  nodi  breviter  (dense  vel  sparse)  barbati,  vel  glabri , 
ligulae  auriculis  adnatae,  acutae,  obtusae  vel  truncatae,  1  *5-3*5  nin1* 
longae ;  laminae  lineares,  inferiores  basin  versus  longe  attenuatae, 
apice  acutae,  usque  ad  33  cm.  longae,  3-7  mm.  latae,  planae,  firmae, 
subtus  dense  supra  laxe  pubescentes  vel  glabrae,  marginibus  scabridae. 
Racemi  terminales  e  vagina  summa  demum  longe  exserti,  latera 
2-3  breviter  pedunculati  in  vagina  spathiformi  inclusi  vel  ex 
lateraliter  exserti,  omnes  binati,  raro  solitarii,  usque  ad  5*5  cm.  l°n© 


ea 


3 


rhacheos  internodii  plerumque  subtrigoni,  3-5-4  mm.  longi,  ceterum 
in  7.  fragili  ;  pedicelli  internodiis  similes.  Spiculae  sessiles  6-7  mm. 
longae.  Gluma  inferior  5-6  mm.  longa,  dorso  laevis,  ceterum  ut  in 
I  fragili  ;  gluma  superior  5*5-7  mm.  longa,  in  setam  2-4  mm.  longam 
desinens,  ceterum  ut  in  7.  fragili.  Anthoecium  inferum  $  vel  $  : 
lemma  oblongo-lanceolatum,  obtusum,  4-5  mm.  longum,  tenuissime 
3-rierve ;  palea  ut  in  /.  fragili.  Anthoecium  superum  $  :  lemma 
3'4  mm.  longum ;  arista  16-19  mm.  longa,  columna  8-9  mm.  longa  ; 
ceterum  ut  in  7.  fragili.  Antherae  oblongae,  0-5-2  mm.  longae. 
Garyopsis  ovato-elliptica  vel  elliptica,  plano-convexa,  2  mm.  longa. 
Hpi (‘iitac  pedicel!  at.ae.  3-5-6  mm.  longa1.  Gluma  inferior  oblongo- 
lanceolata  vel  ovato-oblonga,  acuta  vel  obtusa,  7— 9-nervis  ;  gluma 
superior  ut  in  7.  fragili.  Anthoecium  inferum  vel  vel  sterile  vel 
nullum  :  lemma  et  palea  ut  in  spicula  sessili.  Anthoecium  superum 
vel  vel  sterile  vel  plerumque  nullum  :  lemma  breviter  bilobum  ; 
arista  usque  ad  4  mm.  longa. 


Queensland.  Cook  District :  Mabuiag  Island,  May  1911,  Biclc  54  • 
Thursday  Island,  June  1897,  F.  M.  Bailey,  Somerset,  June  1897,' 
F.  M.  Bailey  73  (type). 


Hackel  in  his  monograph  of  the  Andropogoneae  (DC.  Monogr.  Phan, 
vi.  250  :  1889)  proposed  a  new  subgenus  Digastrium  for  Ischaemum 
fragile  R.  Br.  It  was  characterized  by  solitary  racemes,  obovate- 
ventricose  joints  and  pedicels,  awned  perfect  sessile  spikelets,  and 
barren  pedicelled  spikelets  reduced  to  the  two  glumes.  He  stated 
further  that  Ischaemum  subgen.  Digastrium  approached  Rottboellia 
no  doubt  on  account  of  the  general  resemblance  shown  in  the  much- 
thickened  joints  and  pedicels.  More  recently  A.  Camus  (in  Bull  Mus 
H.st  Nat.  Pans,  xxvn.  372:  1921,  in  obs.)  has  raised  the  subgenus 
Digastnum  to  generic  rank.  Later  the  same  author  (in  Bull  Soc 
and  |  ra',ce’ !xx'  849  :  ,192+)  gave  a  generic  description  of  Digastrium 
Forsk'1 1  Vlnf IS°rSed  affimtir  with  Ischae”™m  L.  and'  Sekima 

bablv1’  °n  the  gJenera  °f  the  subtribe  Ischaemirm 

(probably  before  1917),  also  removed  the  subgenus  Digastrium  from 
'^emum  but  he  did  not  publish  it  as  a  distinct  genus.  In  loZ 
c  ’  however-  which  he  had  prepared  on  the  genus 
r°te  US  f°Ur8  re8ardin«  Hackel’s  subgenus  Digas- 
its  lowpr  1  6  8tructl.l^e  of  the  lower  [sessile]  spikelet  and  especially 

Would  n  f  i  es  80  muc^  that  °f  a  typical  Ischaemum ,  that  it 

it  orpin  °  >e  ^U8tl,a  .  8eParate  Digastrium  generically,  although 
that  tLi  a  80mewhat  ^olated  position  in  the  genus.’1  It  is  probable 
as  a  diol;  efract  ^as  written  after  Stapf  had  separated  Digastrium 
8enus  in  the  herbarium,  and  that,  later,  a  more  thorough 
the  sn  ca^se(J  hlm  to  revise  his  opinion,  but  he  forgot  to  transfer 
by  bnH^u01}8  . )ac ,  to  Ischaemum.  The  diagnostic  characters  used 
a  sulw^1  ac  0  an<^  ^amus  f°r  distinguishing  Digastrium  (either  as 
solitarv  US  °r  genus)  fr?m  Ischaemum  are  with  one  exception  (the 
y  racemes)  found  in  several  undoubted  species  of  Ischaemum. 


4 


4 


For  example,  in  I.  rugosum  Salisb.  the  joints  and  pedicels  are  somewhat 
similar  in  general  structure  to  those  of  I.  fragile  R.  Br.,  whilst  the 
pedicelled  spikelets  are  frequently  much  reduced  and  barren.  In 
/.  fragile  R.  Br.,  however,  the  pedicelled  spikelets  are  somewhat 
variable  ;  in  some  spikelets  the  lower  floret  is  represented  by  the 
lemma  and  palea,  and  a  rudiment  of  the  upper  floret  may  also  be  found, 
while  in  other  spikelets  both  florets  may  be  suppressed.  Hackel 
apparently  had  only  spikelets  of  the  latter  type  for  examination. 
The  solitary  raceme  is  thus  the  only  distinguishing  feature  left  between 
Digastrium  and  Ischaemum.  It  is  here  that  a  consideration  of 
Ischaemum  Baileyi  becomes  important.  This  species  belongs  to  the 
same  group  as  I.  fragile  and  would  have  to  be  placed  in  Digastrium  if 
that  were  retained  as  a  distinct  genus.  The  racemes  are  mostly  paired 
as  is  commonly  the  case  in  the  genus  Ischaemum ,  but  solitary  racemes 
are  occasionally  met  with  which  serve  to  connect  it  with  I.  fragile . 
Thus  all  the  diagnostic  characters  given  for  separating  Ischaemuffl 
and  Digastrium  break  down. 

In  his  account  of  Ischaemum  fragile ,  Hackel  reverses  the  description 
of  the  lemma  and  palea  of  the  lower  floret.  This  may  have  been  due 
to  having  insufficient  material  for  examination,  or  on  the  other  hand, 
in  the  course  of  dissecting,  the  various  parts  may  have  become  detached 
as  is  frequently  the  case.  The  peculiar  palea  might  then  be  easily 
confused  with  the  lemma.  This  palea  is  usually  thinly  coriaceous 
and  has  thin  hyaline  margins  which  fold  over  the  male  flower,  whilst 
the  lemma  is  thinner  and  narrower. 

F.  M.  Bailey  (ll.ee.)  gives  Port  Denison  as  a  locality  for  Ischaem vftf 
fragile  R.  Br.,  but  no  specimens  from  this  area  were  found  in  th« 
Brisbane  Herbarium.  Some  fragments  collected  by  A.  Mitchell  i# 
Sept.  1895,  on  “  Frasers  Islands/’  probably  belong  here.  The  raceme8 
are  solitary,  but  still  partially  enclosed  in  the  uppermost  leaf-sheaths* 
If  the  label  is  correct  and  the  locality  is  the  same  as  Fraser  Island 
(Great  Sandy  Island),  then  this  material  considerably  extends  the 
known  distribution  of  /.  fragile.  Ischaemum  Baileyi  and  /.  frag ifa 
as  far  as  is  known  at  present,  are  geographically  separated,  the  form®* 
occurring  only  in  the  extreme  north  of  Cook  District  and  on  the 
adjacent  islands,  whilst  the  latter  ranges  southwards  from  the  Endeavour 
River.  The  specimens  of  7.  Baileyi  collected  by  Bick  (no.  54)  oil 
Mabuiag  Island  were  incorrectly  referred  to  Polytoca  cyathopoda  W 
F.  M.  Bailey  (Qucensl.  Agric.  Journ.  xxvii.  69  :  1911). — C.  E.  Hubbard 

Ischaemum  fragile. 

Fio.  1,  plant,  natural  size ,  14  cm.  of  culm  omitted;  2,  pair  of  spikelets  a«d 
in  tern  ode  of  rhachis  ;  3—4,  internode  of  rhachis,  front  and  back  views  ;  5,  transfer® 
section  of  internode  ;  6-15,  from  sessile  spikelet : — 6,  lower  glume ;  7, 
glume,  side  view  ;  8,  lemma  of  lower  floret ;  9,  palea  of  lower  floret ;  10,  l°aicUV,f 
from  lower  floret;  11,  stamens;  12,  lemma  of  upper  floret;  13,  palea  of  llPP\j 
floret;  14,  lodicules  from  upper  floret;  15,  pistil;  16,  pedicelled  spikelet 
pedicel;  17,  transverse  section  of  pedicel;  18-21,  from  pedicelled  spi keie  • 

18,  lower  glume;  19,  upper  glume,  side  view;  20,  upper  glume,  opened  o 
21,  lemma  of  lower  floret.  Figs.  2-21,  x  6. 


1 


3264 


Tabula  3264. 

ZOISIA  MACRANTHA  Desv. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Zoisieae. 

Z.  macrantha  Desv.  Opusc.  54  (1831)  (M4m.  Soc.  Agric.  Angers,  i. 
158  :  1831).  Z.  pungens  R.  Br.  Prodr.  208  (1810) ;  F.  Muell.  Fragra. 
Phyt.  Austral,  viii.  116  (1873)  ;  et  in  Viet.  Nat.  iv.  145  (1888)  ;  Benth. 
FI.  Austral,  vii.  506  (1878) ;  Turner,  Census  Grasses  N.S.  Wales,  48 
(1890) ;  et  in  Agric.  Gaz.  N.S.  Wales,  iii.  231,  tab.  13  (1892) ;  Moore, 
Handb.  FI.  N.S.  Wales,  476  (1893)  ;  M  liden,  Man.  Grasses  N.S.  Wales, 
63  (1898) ;  F.  M.  Bailey,  Queensl.  FI.  vi.  1847  (1902) ;  Compreh. 
Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  616  (1913);  Rodway,  Tasman.  FI.  258  (1903); 
Maiden  &  Betche,  Census  N.S.  Wales  PI.  16  (1916)  ;  Domin  in 
Bibl.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85,  286  (1915) ;  Black,  FI.  S.  Austral.  665 
(1929);  Morris  in  Ewart,  FI.  Viet.  119,  fig.  38  (1930);  non  Willd. 
Z.  Brownii  C.  Muell.  in  Bot.  Zeit.  xiii.  272  (1855).  Z.  sedoides  C.  Muell. 
l.c.  273  (?).  Z.  iodostachys  Gandoger  in  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  France,  1919, 
lxvi.  303  (1920). — Z.  Matrella  (L.)  Merrill  affinis,  foliorum  laminis 
plerumque  longioribus  et  latioribus,  racemis  crassioribus,  spiculis 
majoribus  differt. 

Gramen  perenne ;  rhizomata  et  stolones  longissimi,  graciles  vel 
validiusculi,  multinodes,  laeves,  cataphyllis  glabris  pallidis  vel  stramineis 
teretibus  praediti.  Culmi  erecti  vel  ascendentes,  5-30  cm.  alti,  graciles, 
rigidi,  multinodes,  simplices  vel  plerumque  ramis  erectis  ramosi,  laeves. 
Foliorum  vaginae  laxae,  imbricatae,  tenuiter  striatae,  laeves,  ore 
pubescentes  vel  pilosae,  ceterum  glabrae ;  ligulae  ad  seriem  ciliorum 
minutorum  redactae ;  laminae  lineares,  in  apicem  obtusum  durum 
attenuatae,  2-16  cm.  longae,  planae  vel  convolutae  vel  involutae,  usque 
at  4  mm.  latae,  rigidiusculae  vel  rigidae,  erectae  veldemum  horizontaiiter 
patentes,  pone  ligulam  serie  pilorum  longorum  pilosae  vel  glabrae, 
aeves.  Racemi  spiciformes,  graciles,  erecti,  densi,  2-5*5  cm.  longi, 
mm.  diametro,  purpurei  vel  vi  rides ;  rhachis  flexuosa,  rigida, 
ngulata,  minute  scaberul a  ;  pedicelli  incrassati,  usque  ad  1  mm.  longi, 
jftinute  scaberuli.  Spiculae  appressae,  oblique  ovato-oblongae  vel 
^anceolato-oblongae  vel  lanceolatae,  obtusae  vel  acutae,  3*5-5  mm. 
t^igae,  nitentes.  Gluma  superior  minute  biloba,  mutica  vel  mucronata 
?  ari«ta  scaberula  gracillima  usque  ad  3  mm.  longa  instructa,  coriacea, 
J«cure  7-9-nervis,  laevis,  marginibus  tenuibus  minutissime  ciliolata. 


2 


Lemma  ovato-oblongum  vel  anguste  oblongum,  minute  bilobum, 
2*5-3  mm.  longum,  carinatum,  carina  minute  scaberula  vel  laevi, 
membranaceum  vel  hyalinum,  1 -nerve.  Palea  circiter  2  mm.  longa, 
hyalina.  Antkerae  2-2*5  mm.  longae. 

Queensland.  Port  Curtis  District :  Emu  Park,  near  Rockhampton, 
March  1910,  Domin ;  Port  Curtis,  Nov.  1847,  McOillivray  B  71.  Wide 
Bay  District :  Bundaberg,  Michael ;  Pialba,  in  sand  on  coast  above 
high-water  mark,  Aug.  1930,  Blake  35 ;  Fraser  Island,  dominant 
grass  on  sand  dunes,  forming  loose  turf,  Oct.  1930,  Hubbard  4444 
Moreton  District :  Sandgate,  near  Brisbane,  on  sands  near  sea,  growing 
with  Sporobolus  virginicus ,  Cynodon  Dactylon  and  Spinifex  hirsutus , 
June  1930,  Hubbard  2937  ;  Bribie  Island,  April  1914,  White  ;  on  sands 
above  high-water  mark,  with  tpomoea  pes-caprae  and  Cynodon  Dactylon , 
May  1930,  Hubbard  2646  ;  Moreton  Island,  Jan.  1847,  McGillivray 
71b;  Stradbroke  Island,  Scortechini  and  Bailey  ;  near  Amity  Point, 
covering  large  areas  of  sandy  ground  near  sea  and  mangrove  swamps, 
and  sometimes  growing  amongst  “  Bracken  ”  on  sand  dunes,  April 
1930,  Hubbard  2202 ;  between  Amity  Point  and  Point  Lookout, 
abundant  on  sand  dunes,  together  with  Spinifex  hirsutus ,  Ipomoea  pes- 
caprae ,  etc.,  April  1930,  Hubbard  2318  ;  Brisbane  River,  Didrich  2737  ; 
Point  Halloran,  Oct.  1930,  Kunze  in  Herb.  Hubbard  5454  ;  Tugun, 
common  on  sand  dunes,  together  with  Spinifex  hirsutus ,  Sept.  1930, 
Hubbard  3863  ;  Palm  Beach,  common  on  sand  dunes,  Nov.  1929, 
While  6572,  Jan.  1931,  Jackson. 

New  South  Wales.  Near  Red  Bank  River,  on  salt  marshes,  Woolls ; 
near  Newcastle,  on  sandy  shores,  Oct.  &  Nov.  1804,  Brown  6163 
(partim) ;  Sydney,  Homebush  Bay,  salt  swamp,  Oct.  1930,  Vickery  59; 
Port  Jackson,  Brown  6163  (partim) ;  Maiden  in  Kneucker  Gram- 
Exsicc.  184  ;  Maiden  ;  Caley  (Herb.  Mus.  Brit.). 

Victoria.  Sandy  coast  from  Cape  Howe  to  Lake  Wellington, 
Mueller  ;  sandy  coast  of  East  Gippsland,  Mueller. 

Tasmania.  King  Island,  Neale  (ex  Benth.). 

The  genus  Zoisia  is  represented  by  about  six  to  eight  species  which 
are  found,  mainly  along  the  coasts,  in  Mauritius,  South  India  and 
Ceylon,  Japan.  China,  Malayan  Region,  Solomon  Islands,  Eastern 
Australia  and  New  Zealand.  In  the  last-named  country,  however,  the 
species  ascend  to  comparatively  high  altitudes  inland.  The  Australasia11 
species,  in  common  with  other  members  of  the  genus,  have  usually  been 
included  under  Zoisia  Matrella  (L.)  Merrill  (Z.  pungens  Willd.).  The 
area  of  distribution  of  the  latter  extends  from  Mauritius  to  the  Soloin°n 
Islands.  It  differs  from  the  Australian  species  Z.  macrantha  Desv-  by 
its  narrower  leaves,  more  slender  racemes  and  smaller  spikelets  (2* 
3*5  mm.  long),  and  from  the  New  Zealand  species  by  its  denser  racemes, 
with  more  numerous  and  smaller  spikelets  ;  whilst  Z.  macrantha  Des^j 
may  be  distinguished  from  the  New  Zealand  species  by  its  taller  an 
stouter  culms,  more  rigid  and  wider  leaf-blades,  stouter  and  den 


3 


spikes  and  more  numerous  obliquely  ovate-oblong  or  lanceolate-oblong 
spikelets.  The  Australian  species  seems  to  be  more  closely  allied  to 

sinica  Hance  of  China  than  to  the  New  Zealand  species. 

Desveaux’s  species  Z.  macrantha  has  been  somewhat  neglected,  no 
doubt  owing  to  the  rarity  of  his  “  Opuscula.”  Bentham  did  not  include 
it  in  the  Flora  Australiensis,  whilst  C.  Mueller  redescribed  it  as  a  new 
species,  Z.  Brownii .  Z.  iodostachys  Gandoger  is  represented  in  the 
New  Herbarium  by  a  duplicate  from  the  United  States  National 
Herbarium  communicated  by  Gandoger.  This  contains  a  mixture  of 

macrantha  Desv.  and  Z.  Matrella  Merrill,  but  Gandoger’s  description 
applies  only  to  the  former. 

Zoisia  macrantha  Desv.  is  of  frequent  occurrence  on  the  coasts  of 
Southern  Queensland.  It  often  covers  large  areas  on  the  sand  dunes 
above  high-water  mark,  where  it  forms  pure  masses  or  grows  in  associa¬ 
tion  with  Sporobolus  virginicus  (L.)  Kunth,  Spinifex  hirsutus  Labill., 
Cynodon  Dactylon  (L  )  Pen.,  etc.  In  some  places  Zoisia  macrantha 
grows  on  sand  dunes  bordering  salt  marshes,  and  it  is  possible  that  it 
might  occur  in  the  salt  marshes  themselves,  but  such  a  habitat  would 
be  unusual,  at  least  in  Queensland.  In  N.S.  Wales,  however  it  is 
recorded  from  salt  marshes.  So  far  it  has  not  been  recorded  further 
north  than  Emu  Park  near  Rockhampton,  Central  Queensland,  its 
place  being  taken  in  Northern  Queensland  by  Thuarea  involuta  (Forst.) 
R.  &  S.,  etc.  The  southernmost  locality  from  which  specimens  have  been 
examined  is  the  sandy  coast  of  East  Gippsland  in  Victoria.  Bentham 
(FI.  Austral,  vii.  506)  and  Rodway  (Tasman.  FI.  258)  record  a  Zoisia 
from  islands  in  the  Bass  Strait,  whilst  J.  M.  Black  (FI.  S.  Austral.  665) 
states  that  Z.  pungens  forms  a  dense  sward  near  the  Rocky  River 
Kangaroo  Island,  South  Australia.  It  is  probable  that  both  records 
are  referable  to  Z.  macrantha  Desv. 

“  PrTckfv  rounTn"  *"  ?,0mTmonl>:  known  as  “  Coast  Couch  Grass  ”  or 
o  car  l  i  *  a  ^  m[ass'  lt  18  of  conslderable  economic  importance  as 
a  sand-binder.  The  roots  and  rhizomes  form  a  network  which  con¬ 
solidates  drifting  sand,  whilst  the  culms  appear  to  be  able  to  grow  up 
through  increasing  layers  of  sand,  branching  freely  and  rooting  at  the 

SC  and  !nTe  H‘tUUtTf  th\strle  sko°ts  form  a  ^irly  compact 
Z  tenuiZ  TrlnTT  Used> like  ^japonica  Steud.  and 

doub  fS  71  ’  n.  la,wn  grass  for  “aritime  and  inland  sands.  It  is 

are  touih  f has  any  value  as  a  fodder  grass,  since  its  leaves 
effected  bv  r  .rigl(k  According  to  Maiden,  propagation  is  readily 

fair  amnidt  T°  thj  rhlzomes  '■  should  also  be  noted  that  a 
“'r  amount  of  seed  is  produced. 

mav  not  .tW°  ^0i'na  Prescnt  in  New  Zealand,  which  may  or 

sIJikelet«  'fFl -?St‘Ut  8Pecies  ;  one  (A)  has  usually  solitary  awnless 

Csev  ’Jllfrn:,r°Ik'd  k;af'blades  and  dwarf  culms;  the  other  (B) 
raceme  flit  1*  °/i  ?  avvned  and  slightly  smaller  spikelets  in  a  loose 
Without  III  leaf'b‘ades  alld  dually  taller  culms  ;  both  are  at  present 
following  IT*’  CJrsenia!‘  <Man-  N-  Zeal.  FI.  ed.  2,  137  :  1925), 
b  1  r  ier  authors,  refers  the  New  Zealand  Zoisia  to  Z.  pungens 


4 


Willd.,  and  cites  Rottboellia  uniflora  A.  Cunn.  (Hook.  Comp.  Bot.  Mag. 
ii.  37  :  1837)  as  a  synonym.  The  latter,  however,  is  not  a  species  of 
Zoisia.  Cunningham  describes  the  spikes  as  conjugate,  whereas  they 
are  always  solitary  in  Zoisia .  A  search  through  the  New  Zealand 
specimens  of  Paspalum  at  Kew  revealed  the  type  of  Rottboellia  uniflora 
in  the  cover  of  Paspalum  vaginatum  Sw.,  with  which  it  is  conspecific. 
The  New  Zealand  Zoisia  (type  A)  was  first  described  by  Colenso  as 
Gaimardia  minima  (in  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  491  :  1890).  More 
recently  Mez  has  described  a  Zoisia  pauciflora  (Fedde,  Repert.  xvii. 
146  :  1921)  from  New  Zealand,  based  on  specimens  collected  by 
Berggren,  Petrie  and  Colenso.  Judging  from  his  description  this 
appears  to  be  a  mixture  of  both  types  (A  &  B). 

The  question  whether  there  are  one  or  two  species  of  Zoisia  in  New 
Zealand  is  one  which  can  be  settled  oniy  by  adequate  studies  in  the 
field. — C.  E.  Hubbard. 


Fig.  1,  plant,  showing  habit,  x  $ ;  2,  part  of  plant,  natural  size ;  3,  raceme* 
x  3  ;  4,  rhachis  of  raceme,  x  3  ;  5,  spikelet,  x  7  ;  5a,  upper  glume,  flattened, 
from  inside,  x  7 ;  6,  lemma,  side  view,  x  7 ;  6a,  lemma,  flattened,  x  7 ; 
7,  palea,  x  7. 


C 5265 


—  iv »U.:' 


mm 


S.RrC. 


Tabula  3265. 

PENTAS  MAGNIFICA  Bullock . 

Rubiaceae.  Tribus  Hedyotideae. 

P.  masnifica  Bullock ;  species  nova,  affinis  P.  longitubae  K.  Sebum., 
a  qua  foliis  subtus  reticulatis,  costa  et  nervis  lateralibus  prominentibus 
molliter  crispa to-subtomentellis,  floribus  multo  majoribus,  capsulis 
apice  subrostratis  facile  distmguitur. 


Planta  suffruticosa,  ramosa,  subsucculenta,  circiter  1  m.  alta,  tota 
breviter  pubescens ;  caules  satis  crassi,  crispato-pubescentes,  inter- 
nodiis  superne  circiter  2-5-4  cm.  longis.  Folia  elliptica  vel  anguste 
ovata,  superne  sensim  angustata,  apice  acuta,  basi  acuta,  utrinque 
pubescentia,  sed  costa  et  nervis  lateralibus  (utrinsecus  15-18)  infra 
prominentibus  breviter  molliterque  crispato-subtomentellis,  petiolis 
latis  brevissimis ;  stipulae  breviter  vaginato-connatae  sed  inter  petiolos 
in  lobos  5-9  filiformes  usque  7  mm.  longos  fimbriatae.  Cymae  termi¬ 
nates,  e  basi  3-ramosae ;  rami  puberuli,  usque  5  cm.  longi  sed  saepe 
breviores,  apice  irregulariter  brevissime  ramulosi  et  3-6-flori  •  bracteae 
bracteolaeq ue  minutissimae  vel  obsoletae.  Flores  pentameri  albi 
brevissime  pedicellati  vel  subsessiles.  Calyx  (receptaculo  inclusoj  cam- 
panulatus,  molliter  pubescens;  tubus  (cum  receptaculo)  5-6  mm  lomms 
et  circiter  4  mm.  diametro,  fauce  latiore,  apice  inter  lobos  glanX 
1-3  parvulis  clavatis  ornatus;  lobi  5,  persistentes,  lmeares  mrcito 
1  -5  cm.  longi  et  basin  versus  usque  1  -5  mm.  lati.  Corolla  loiigissime 
tubulosa  ;  tubus  circiter  15  cm.  longus,  3  mm.  diametro,  apicenfvcrsus 
Lviter  dilatatus  extra  plus  minusve  dense  crispato-pubescens  intus 
;  r  UfTe  2  lufr?  faucem  (Parte  dilatata)  dimsius  et  longius 
m  entesol  ?Crr  ^  et  ^^tudinaliter  striatus ;  lobi  5, 

et  ^  1  cm.  lk,  extra 
filament  1  •’ U-1  US  g  a  )n'  Stamina  5,  in  parte  tubi  dilatata  inclusa  ; 

S V1X  1  mm*  longa’  antherae  lineares, 

Ovarium  K’l  aC,i  JaS1Ii  vers.us  dorsifixae,  9-5  mm.  longae,  glabrae, 
usauo  -  1  ocu  are>  p^eentis  peltatis  ;  ovula  numerosissima.  Stylus 

pubernlna  •CIf1  on?e  exsertus,  16-5  cm.  longus,  superne  lepidoto- 
lobis  (>iw-  • BoIle  g  a^res<rens»  apice  stigmatosus,  dilatatus,  bilobatus, 
loneq  n  J-  1018  ?  mm*  ^ong^s-  Capsula  (?  immatura)  ovoidea,  1-5  cm. 
loculoa  P^Ce  s,.  acute  rostrata,  e  calyce  exserta,  leviter  10-striata,  inter 

annuls  aP*cem  versus  lobis  calycinis  persistentibus 

aunulata,  valvis  2  lignosis  apice  dehiscens. 


2 


Tanganyika  Territory.  In  crevices  on  great  granite  precipices  at 
the  summit  of  Mt.  Luemba,  Kilossa  District,  1860  m.,  15  Feb.  1933, 
B.  D.  Burtt  4555  (type).  Among  rocks,  Morogoro  District,  1500  m., 
1  April  1932,  G.  B.  Wallace  307. 

This  magnificent  plant,  recalling  such  other  species  of  Pentas  as 
P.  longituba  K.  Schum.,  P.  graniticola  E.  A.  Bruce  and  P.  nobilis 
S.  Moore  in  habit  and  inflorescence,  has  much  larger  flowers  than  any 
other  species  hitherto  described.  The  corolla-tube  attains  6  inches  in 
length,  whilst  the  limb  is  as  much  as  2  inches  in  diameter.  Mr.  B.  D. 
Burtt,  whose  beautifully  preserved  specimen  has  been  taken  as  the 
type,  has  the  note  :  “  magnificent  white  tubular  flowers  on  bright 
green  semi-succulent  bush-herb  3-3|  feet  high  ”  ;  Mr.  G.  B.  Wallace 
collected  the  somewhat  immature  fruits,  and  observes  that  it  is  a 
44  shrub  4  feet  high,  flowers  white,”  and  gives  the  Kiswahili  name  as 
“  Ndondoole.” 

It  is  unfortunate  that  no  definite  information  is  available  as  to  the 
existence  of  heterostyly  in  this  species.  In  such  species  as  P.  carnosa 
Benth.  and  P.  purpurea  Oliv.  this  condition,  perhaps  often  overlooked, 
has  led  to  much  confusion.  Extensive  collections  and  special  field 
notes  are  necessary  before  a  satisfactory  arrangement  of  existing 
herbarium  specimens  is  possible.— A.  A.  Bullock. 

Fig.  1,  upper  part  of  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  longitudinal  section  of 
calyx  and  ovary,  x  3 ;  3,  longitudinal  section  of  upper  part  of  corolla,  x  1*5; 
4,  stamen,  abaxial  view,  x  4  ;  5,  upper  part  of  style  with  stigmas,  x  4  ;  6,  part 
of  infructescence,  x  1*5. 


L 


3266 


Tabula  3266. 

BLEPHARIS  HORNBY AE  Milne- Redhead. 
Acanthaceae.  Tribus  Acantheae. 


B.  (Eublepharis)  Hombyae  Milne-Redhead  ;  species  nova,  B.  Ilomblei 
Be  Wild,  magnitudine  florum  similis,  sed  foliis  ellipticis  vel  obovatis, 
bracteis  papyraceis  conspicue  nervosis  facile  distinguenda. 

Herba  scandens,  usque  5  m.  alta.  Caules  furcati,  subquadrangulares, 
glabri  vel  subglabri,  juventute  dense  pubescentes,  internodiis  usque 
15  cm.  longis.  Folia  pseudo-verticillata,  inaequalia,  elliptica  vel 
obovata,  apice  rotundata  vel  acuta,  inferne  in  petiolum  angustata, 
usque  8-5  cm.  longa  et  3  cm.  lata,  margine  spinuloso-denticulata, 
juventute  parce  pilosa  praesertim  in  nervis,  demum  glabra ;  nervi 
primarii  utroque  costae  latere  circiter  5,  manifesti.  Inflorescentiae 
numerosae,  terminales  et  axillares,  uniflorae  ;  bracteae  steriles  circiter 
9  ;  extima  minima,  ovato-lanceolata,  acuta  vel  subspinosa,  circiter 
6  mm.  longa  et  3  mm.  lata,  margine  spinulis  1-2  instructa,  utrinque 
puberula ;  intima  maxima,  obovato-oblonga,  basi  leviter  angustata 
circiter  2  cm.  longa  et  1  cm.  lata,  papyracea,  conspicue  trinervis,  superne 
setis  marginal  lbus  usque  6  mm.  longis  instructa,  utrinque  minutissime 
puberula  ,  bractea  fertihs  bracteae  sterili  maximae  similis  ;  bracteolae 
setaceae,  circiter  2-6  cm.  longae,  basi  vix  1  mm.  latae.  Calyx  usque 
ad  basin  4-partitus ;  segmentum  posticum  inferne  valde  concavum 
(explanatum  ellipticum) ,  papyraceum,  superne  planum,  ovato-oblongum, 
acutum,  apiculatum,  subpetaloideum,  circiter  3  cm.  longum  et  1  cm. 
latum,  nervis  3  parallels  instructum ;  segmenta  lateralia  lanceolata, 
-  mucronata,  circiter  1  cm.  longa  et  0-5  cm.  lata,  papyracea,  uninervia  ; 
segmentum  anticum  inferne  concavum  (explanatum  oblongo-ellipticum), 
papyreieeum,  superne  planum,  oblongum,  subpetaloideum,  apice  minute 
um>  circiter  2*3  cm.  longum  et  0’8  cm.  latum,  conspicue 

nerve.  Lorolla  caerulea  vel  roseo-purpurea  vel  alba,  circiter  3-8  cm. 
onga  }  tubus  12  mm.  longus,  extra  glaber,  intus  glaber  fauce  pilis 
nzontalibus  clausa  excepta  ;  labium  late  ovatum,  basi  angustatum, 
pu  e  rilobum,  lobo  medio  parvo  suborbiculari,  lobis  lateralibus  medio 
peratis  rotundatis,  circiter  2-6  cm.  longum  et  2*4  cm.  latum,  extra 
ense  adpresse  pubescens,  intus  marginem  versus  glabrum,  medio 
use  retrorso-hirsutum  lamellis  3  longitudinalibus  1  cm.  longis  exceptis, 
sin  versus  infra  lamellas  callo  longitudinali  oblongo  rectangulari 


2 


9  mm.  longo  2*5  mm. lato  corneo  instructum.  Stamina  4,  fauci  affixa  ; 
filamenta  postica  leviter  arcuata,  sursum  angustata,  circiter  12  mm. 
longa,  basi  1*5  mm.  lata,  parce  glandulosa ;  antica  subrecta,  valde 
compressa,  circiter  12  mm.  longa,  medium  versus  3*5  mm.  lata,  apice 
vix  biloba,  basi  parce  glandulosa ;  antherae  monothecae,  parce 
glandulosae,  valde  ciliato-barbatae,  usque  8  mm.  longae.  Discus 
cupularis,  carnosus,  circiter  2  mm.  altus.  Ovarium  ovoideum, 
4*5  mm.  altum,  3  mm.  diametro,  glabrum,  apice  postice  glandulis 
duabus  papillatis  instructum ;  stylus  anguste  ensiformis,  minute 
bifidus,  2*1  cm.  longus.  Capsula  vix  matura  oblongo-ellipsoidea,  nec 
compressa,  1*4  cm.  longa,  6  mm.  diametro,  glabra,  nitidula.  Semina 
non  visa. 

Tanganyika  Territory.  Dodoma  District :  a  trailing  shrub 
growing  on  low-lying  dry  sandy  soil  at  Mpwapwa,  14  Aug.  1928, 
Mrs.  Hornby  1  (type) ;  a  very  common  scandent  shrub  growing  over 
bushes  and  small  trees  on  the  edge  of  dongas  (dry  river-beds),  usually 
in  dark  brown  sandy  soil,  at  Mpwapwa,  1000-1100  m.,  18  Aug.  1930, 
Greenway  2401  : — the  flowers  vary  from  white  through  pale  magenta 
to  pale  and  dark  blue. 

This  very  beautiful  Blepharis  stands  out  from  among  the  other 
species  of  Section  Eublepharis,  to  which  it  belongs,  on  account  of  its 
robust  habit,  its  large  flowers  and  its  conspicuously  nerved  papery 
bracts.  B.  Homblei  De  Wild,  has  flowers  nearly  as  large  but  is  very 
different  in  other  respects.  Of  the  species  given  in  the  Flora  of 
Tropical  Africa,  B.  Ilornbyae  comes  nearest  to  B.  integrifolia  (L.f*) 
E.  Mey.  (B.  molluginijolia  Pers.),  which  agrees  in  the  possession  of 
bracteoles  and  in  the  trailing  habit,  but  is  a  very  much  smaller  weedy 
plant  with  insignificant  flowTers. 

The  species  is  named  after  Mrs.  H.  E.  Hornby,  who,  together  with 
her  husband,  has  contributed  so  many  specimens  from  the  district 
around  Mpwapwa,  Tanganyika  Territory,  an  area  which  appears  to 
be  very  rich  in  endemics.  B.  Ilornbyae  grows  on  sandy  soil  in  the 
evergreen  thickets  which  fringe  the  seasonal  streams,  and  uses  the 
evergreen  shrubs  for  its  support  much  in  the  same  way  as  Lonicera 
Periclyrmnum  L.  does  in  Europe. — E.  Milne-Rediiead. 

Fio.  1,  portion  of  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  portion  of  leaf,  natural 
size;  3,  bracteole,  x  1-5;  4,  posticous  calyx  segments,  x  1-5;  5,  lateral  cajy* 
segment,  x  1-5;  6,  an ticous  calyx  segment,  x  1*5;  7,  posterior  view  of  corolJ^* 
split  open,  x  1*5;  8,  anticous  stamen,  x  2;  9,  posticous  stamen,  x  *  \ 
10,  upper  portion  of  posticous  stamen,  x  3;  11,  pollen  grain,  x  600  (appr°x,{/ 
12,  gynoecium,  with  disk,  posterior  view,  x  4  ;  13,  capsule,  posterior  view,  * 


<3267 


Tabula  3267. 

ANISOTES  TJMBROSUS  Milne- Redhead. 
Acanthaceab.  Tribus  Justicieae. 


A.  umbrosus  Milne-Redhead ;  species  nova,  distinctissima,  habitu 
et  bracteis  Adhatodae  Englerianae  (Lindau)  C.  B.  Clarke  similis  ;  sed 
floribus  speciei  Anisotis  similibus  instructa. 


Frutex  circiter  2  cm.  altus.  Rami  quadrangulares,  dense  breviter 
hirsuti,  demum  glabrescentes  vel  puberuli,  internodiis  usque  3  cm. 
longis.  Folia  ovata,  breviter  acuminata  vel  acuta,  basi  in  petiolum 
angustata,  usque  33  cm.  longa,  15  cm.  lata,  utrinque  grosse  pubescentia  ; 
nervi  utrinque  conspicui,  laterales  utroque  latere  costae  8—12. 
Injlorescentiae  axillares,  7—12  cm.  longae,  dense  strobilaceae,  pedun- 
culatae,  pedunculis  usque  3  cm.  longis  velutinis ;  bracteae  ovatae, 
acutae  vel  breviter  acuminatae,  basi  rotundatae  vel  subcordatae,  circi¬ 
ter  2*5  cm.  longae,  1-5  cm.  latae,  quinquenerviae,  dense  pubescentes ; 
bracteolae  anguste  lanceolatae,  apice  subulatae,  12  mm.  longae, 
2-5  mm.  latae,  pubescentes  et  sparse  glanduloso-pubescentes.  Calyx 
fere  usque  ad  basin  5-partitus,  circiter  9  mm.  longus,  segmentis 
linearibus  extra  glanduloso-pubescentibus  intus  appresse  pubescentibus. 
Corolla  bilabiata,  viridi-alba,  extra  parce  hirsuta  et  densiuscule 
glandulosa,  intus  glabra,  circiter  3-5  cm.  longa;  tubus  inferne 
cylindncus,  4  mm.  diametro,  glaber,  postice  infra  medium  in  cavos 
transversos  duo  externos  parum  prof  undos  2*5  mm.  latos  excavatus, 
antice  infra  faucem  in  saccum  externum  callum  quadrangularem 
internum  eflormantem  excavatus ;  tubus  superne  leviter  compressus 
cum  labium  posticum  arcuatus,  totus  circiter  13  mm.  longus  ;  petala 
postica  (usque  ad  apicem  connata)  trinervia,  nervis  triadum  adaxiali- 
us  lamellato-carinatis,  nervis  lateralibus  cuj usque  triadis  in  marginem 
cavi  pisciniformis  conjunctis  ibidemque  hirsutis  nervo  singulo  superne 
irsuto  usque  ad  basin  tubi  oblique  descendente ;  labium  posticum 
aneeolato-lineare,  leviter  arcuatum,  concavum,  subacutum,  apice 
minute  bidentatum  vel  integrum,  circiter  22  mm.  longum ;  labium 
anticum  liguliforme,  plus  minusve  reflexum,  profunde  trilobatum, 
obis  usque  13  mm.  longis,  medio  lateralibus  latiore.  Stamina  2, 
postica,  tubi  apicem  versus  affixa ;  filamenta  compressa,  circiter 
cm.  longa  ;  antherae  dithecae,  thecis  discretis,  altera  paullo  altius 
amxa,  inferiore  basi  obscure  calcarata.  Discus  cupularis.  Ovarium 


2 


circiter  2  mm.  longum,  parce  glandulosum ;  stylus  circiter  2-5  cm. 
longus,  interne  parce  hirsutus,  superne  glaber,  apice  integer.  Capsula 
stipitata,  compresso-clavata,  apice  brevissime  rostrata,  circiter  2  cm. 
longa,  hirsuta  et  glandulosa.  Semina  4,  plano-compressa,  suborbicu- 
laria,  leviter  rugosa. 

Tanganyika  Territory.  Dodoma  District :  common  along  banks 
of  permanent  stream  in  deep  shade  of  riverine  fringing  forest  composed 
of  Khaya ,  Parkia ,  Albizzia  and  Ficus  species  in  the  Upper  Tubugwe 
Valley,  Mpwapwa,  900-1050  m.,  3  Aug.  1933,  Burtt  4776  (type) : — 
a  loose  shrub  2  m.  high ;  flowers  very  pale  greenish-white ;  an 
uncommon  scandent  shrub  on  bank  of  dry  stream  running  into 
normal  riverine  forest  at  Tubugwe  near  Mpwapwa,  11  Aug.  1933, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hornby  537. 

It  is  not  without  hesitation  that  I  place  this  species  in  Anisotes ,  a 
genus  which  up  to  the  present  contains  only  plants  with  small  and 
inconspicuous  bracts  and  bracteoles.  However,  the  striking  similarity 
of  the  corollas  to  those  of  the  other  species  of  Anisotes  suggests 
that  this  is  its  true  position.  The  West  African  A.  Zenkeri  (Lindau) 
C.  B.  Clarke  has  many-flowered  axillary  inflorescences,  but  they  are  very 
shortly  pedicelled  and  are  not  strobilate.  In  appearance  A.  umbrosus 
is  remarkably  similar  to  Adhatoda  Engleriana  (Lindau)  C.  B.  Clarke,  but 
the  petiolate  leaves  without  auricles  and  the  longer  and  more 
slender  flowers  readily  distinguish  the  former  species.  The  pollen  of 
A.  umbrosus  is  “  knotchenpollen  ”  with  two  stoppels,  as  in  both  these 
genera. — E.  Milne-Redhead. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size  ;  2,  bracteole,  x  3  ;  3,  flower  with  corolla- 
removed,  x  3;  4,  inside  view  of  posterior  half  of  corolla,  x  1*5;  5,  inside  view 
of  anterior  half  of  corolla,  with  stamens  removed,  x  1*5;  6,  top  of  filament 
with  anther  thecae,  x  6  ;  7,  8,  pollen  grains,  x  600  (approx.) ;  9,  gynoeciun* 
with  style  removed,  x  4;  10,  capsule  showing  seed,  x  1*5. 


Tabula  3268. 

ANISOTES  BRACTEATUS  Milne- Redhead. 

Acanthaceae.  Tribus  Justicieae. 

A.  bracteatus  Milne- Redhead ;  species  nova,  ab  affini  A.  umbroso 
MUue-Eedbead  habRu  decuiu0,  foliis  et  floribus  miuoribus,  bracteis 
albo-vindibus,  bracteolis  majonbus,  corollae  labii  antici  lobis  brevi- 
oribus  recedens. 


Fruiex  circiter  3  m.  altus.  Rami  teretes,  subangulati,  brevissime 
et  rainutissime  appresse  pilosi,  demum  glabrescentes,  internodiis 
usque  6  cm.  longis.  Folia  decidua,  ovato-lanceolata,  vix  acuminata, 
basi  in  petiolum  attenuata,  usque  12  cm.  longa  et  3  cm.  lata,  juventute 
utrinque  praesertim  in  nervis  minute  inconspicue  pilosa,  demum  glabra, 
exsiccando  utrinque  cystolithis  dense  notata  ;  costa  et  nervi  laterales 
utrinque  conspicui,  nervi  laterales  utroque  latere  costae  5-6  ;  petioli 
usque  3  cm.  longi,  dense  et  minutissime  pilosi,  demum  glabri. 
Injlorescentiae  axillares,  4-7  cm .  longae,  dense  strobilaceae,  pedunculatae, 
pedunculis  usque  2  cm.  longis  dense  et  minutissime  subappresse 
mrsutis ;  bracteae  late  ovatae,  in  apicem  breviter  acuminatae,  basi 
subcordatae,  vix  2  cm.  longae  et  1-5  cm.  latae,  inconspicue  quinque- 
nerviae,  reticulato-venosae,  parce  pubescentes ;  bracteolae  lanceo- 
latae,  apice  subulatae,  usque  1-9  cm.  longae  et  0-5  cm.  latae,  parce 
pubescentes.  Calyx  profunde  5-partitus,  circiter  5  mm.  lon"us  * 
segmenta  lineari-lanceolata,  acuta,  eglandulosa,  breviter  subappresse 
pubescentia.  Corolla  bilabiata,  circiter  2  cm.  longa,  viridi-alba,  extra 
parte  basali  excepta  breviter  hirsuta  et  minute  glandulosa,  intus 
giahra;  tubus  inferne  cylindricus,  3  mm.  diametro,  postice  infra 
me  mm  in  saccos  duo  externos  prof  undos  1  mm.  diametro  excavatus, 
ant  ice  infra  faucem  in  saccum  externum  callum  triangularem  internum 
c  °^man^em  excavatus  ;  tubus  superne  leviter  compressus,  ut  labium 
pos  lcum  arcuatus ;  petala  postica  (usque  apicem  connata)  trinervia, 
nervis  tnadum  adaxialibus  lamellato-carinatis,  nervis  lateralibus 
enj  usque  triadis  in  marginem  cornus  pisciniformis  conjunctis  ibidemque 
irsutis,  nervo  singulo  superne  hirsuto  usque  ad  basin  tubi  decurrente  ; 
a  num  posticum  oblongo-lanceolatum,  circiter  12  mm.  longum,  leviter 
arcuatum,  concavum,  apice  acutum,  integrum  ;  labium  anticum  liguli- 
orme,  plus  minusve  recurvum,  apice  trilobatum,  lobiscirciter  2*5  mm. 
°ngis.  Starnina  2,  postica,  paullo  infra  apicem  tubi  affixa  ;  filamenta 


2 


circiter  13  mm.  longa  ;  antherae  di thecae,  thecis  discretis,  altera  paullo 
altius  affixa,  inferiore  basi  brevissime  obscure  calcarata.  Discus 
breviter  cupularis.  Ovarium  circiter  1-5  mm.  longum,  densiuscule 
glandulosum  ;  stylus  circiter  2  cm.  longus,  inferne  parce  hirsutus, 
superne  glaber,  apice  integer.  Capsula  stipitata,  compresso-clavata, 
apice  vix  rostrata.  Semina  4  (?)  vel  abortu  2,  plano-compressa,  late 
ovata,  circiter  6  mm.  longa  et  5  mm.  lata,  utrinque  levia,  medio  uno 
latere  validius  costata. 

Tanganyika  Territory.  Dodoma  District :  in  dense  bush  on 
river-banks  on  dark  brown  sandy  soil  at  Gulwe,  850  m.,  19  Aug.  1930, 
Greenway  2407  (type) : — a  much-branched  shrub,  2-3  m.  high,  with 
greenish-white  bracts  and  white  flowers  ;  locally  frequent  in  Com * 
miphora-Cordyla  dry  thicket  at  Mpwapwa  on  road  from  Gulwe, 
1050  m.,  26  April  1932,  Burtt  3917: — a  shrub,  2-2-5  m.  high; 
inflorescence  in  dense  heads,  greenish-creamy-white.  Singida  District : 
on  a  rocky  limestone  outcrop  along  Lwumbu  River  near  Matelele, 
1200  m.,  12  Aug.  1927,  Burtt  747  : — a  woody  shrub  up  to  2  m.  high, 
leaves  fallen  as  it  is  dry  season. 

This  species  is  undoubtedly  congeneric  with  A .  umbrosus  Milne- 
Redhead  (t.  3267),  and  it  is  accordingly  placed  likewise  in  Anisotes , 
although  a  similar  doubt  exists  respecting  its  genus.  The  flowers 
resemble  those  of  A.  umbrosus ,  but  they  are  smaller  with  the  lobes 
of  the  anterior  lip  of  the  corolla  proportionately  very  much  shorter. 
Relatively  to  the  calyx,  the  bracteoles  are  very  much  larger.  A- 
bracteatus  agrees  with  A.  umbrosus  in  having  pedunculate,  strobilate, 
axillary  inflorescences,  and  in  having  “  knotchenpollen  ”  with  two 
stoppels. — E.  Milne-Rediiead. 

Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  bracteole,  showing  outer  side,  x  4; 

3,  flower  with  corolla  removed,  x  4;  4,  inside  view  of  opened  corolla,  with  stamens 
removed,  x  3 ;  5,  top  of  filament,  with  anther,  x  6 ;  6,  7,  pollen  grains,  x  600 
(approx.) ;  8,  disk  and  gvnoecium  with  stylo  removed,  x  8 ;  9,  capsule  after 
dehiscence,  x  2 ;  10,  seed,  x  2. 


Tabula  3269. 

DISPERIS  JOHNSTONI  Rchb.  /. 
Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 


D.  Johns toni  Rchb.  f.  ex  Oliver  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ser.  2,  ii.  349 
(1887),  nomen ;  Rolfe  in  Dyer,  FI.  Trop.  Afr.  vii.  291  (1898)  affinis 
D.  mozambicensi  Schltr.,  a  qua  caule  bifoliato,  petalis  semi-Jllipticis 
apice  acutis  nec  superne  valde  ampliatis,  labelli  appendicibus  dense 
pubescentibus  difiert. 

Herba  terrestris,  6-15  cm.  alta  ;  tuber  anguste  cylindricum,  circiter 
1  cm.  longum,  plus  minusve  tomentoso-pilosum.  Gaulis  gracilis 
erectus,  teres,  glaber,  remote  bifoliatus,  basi  cataphyllis  vaginantibus 
instructus,  apice  2-5-florus.  Folia  sessilia,  lanceolate-  vel  oblon<m- 
velorbiculari-ovata,  acuta  vel  apiculata,  basi  cordata  amplexicaulia 

1,.‘J-‘7.Cm'1J'inga’  6-15 . m“-  lata>  subtus  purpurea.  Flores  sessiles 
albi  et  pa  lide  purpurei ;  bracteae  foliis  similes  sed  minores,  usque 
ad  1  cm.  longae.  Sepalum  intermedium  lineare,  acutum,  9-10  mm 
longum,  0-6  mm.  latum  cum  petalis  agglutinatum  cucullum  latum 
concavum  formans;  sepala  lateralia  oblique  semiorbicularia  apiculh 
divergen  ibus  apiculata,  tnente  inferiore  connata,  8-10  mm  tonga 
4-5  mm. lata, infra  medium  margines  anticos  versus  brevissime  saccatn’ 
Petafo  anguste  semi-elliptica,  apice  acuta,  9-10  mm.  longa.  Labelllm 

ovataPer  imm;  colu'Tln.ae  adnatum,  apice  in  laminam  orbiculari- 
Praedh  ^  medl°  Cr*Sta  <luad™ta  dense  papillosa 

El  rbif  l  -fUm’/ngUe  fari  medio  valde  reflexo  appendice 
totumlabeUnriT^  dl^rgentibus  dense  pubescentibus  instructo ; 
sub-  vel  ,  •  mJn'-0n^.um'  -Anthera  1-5  mm.  longa  ;  staminodia 

ihcurvata  "r  ’"  "  ana  dense  papillosa.  Rostelli  brachia  leviter 
glabrunJ  ’  P  spathulato-dilatata.  Ovarium  7-11  mm.  longum, 

TERRiTORY.  ICilimanjaro,  1500-1800  m„  Johnston 

h£  iff'0?'  112^Vn,;  May  1926’  17d  ;  Oleli,  E.  Kilima- 

N  ’  .  °°  m’’  Ma-y  1927 .  H oarer  322. 

RTHERN  Nigekia-  Naraguta,  under  rocks,  Aug.  1921,  Lely  485. 

8chltr8  SFtmle‘n8»0SflyIrelated  t0  D-  mozambicensis  Schltr.,  D.  Slolzii 
>  .  ( ichenbachiana  Welw.  ex  Rchb.  f.  The  first-named 


2 


differs  in  the  shape  of  the  petals,  which  are  much  widened  at  the  apex 
on  the  outside.  I  can  see  only  very  slight  differences  between  D. 
Johnstoni  and  D.  Stolzii ,  but  in  view  of  the  small  amount  of  material 
available  of  the  latter  it  seems  best  to  maintain  it  as  distinct  for  the 
present.  With  regard  to  D.  Reichenbachiana  the  flowers  on  the 
specimens  of  Welwitsch  694  (the  type-collection),  both  at  Kew  and  at 
the  British  Museum,  are  so  poorly  preserved  that  it  is  difficult  to  be 
sure  of  their  exact  structure.  So  far  as  they  can  be  distinguished, 
however,  they  seem  to  differ  from  those  of  D.  Johnstoni ,  especially 
in  the  lip.  There  are  specimens  at  Kew  from  Kenya  Colony  and 
Uganda  which  are  very  similar  to  Welwitsch  694,  and  in  these%the  lip, 
while  agreeing  with  Reichenbach’s  description  of  the  Angolan  species, 
is  quite  distinct  in  structure  from  that  of  D.  Johnstoni. 

An  interesting  feature  in  all  the  species  here  figured  is  the  presence 
of  staminodes,  which,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  have  not  been  recorded 
in  this  genus,  and  are  not  shown  in  any  of  the  illustrations  I  have  seen. 
They  appear  to  have  been  interpreted  as  stigmas  by  some  students  of 
the  genus,  but  at  all  events  in  the  groups  of  species  here  concerned 
the  stigmas  and  staminodes  are  quite  readily  distinguishable  from  one 
another,  firstly  on  account  of  the  structure  and  secondly  from  the 
positions  occupied.  In  other  groups  within  Disperis  the  stigmas  and 
staminodes  seem  to  approach  one  another  in  structure  and  in  position, 
and  in  particular  cases  it  is  difficult  from  dried  material  only  to  be 
certain  of  the  nature  of  any  given  organ.  In  each  species  so  f&r 
examined  belonging  to  the  groups  here  illustrated  the  staminodes  are 
placed  at  the  base  of  the  column,  one  on  each  side.  In  D.  cardiopeta to 
Summerhayes  (tab.  3270)  they  are  very  poorly  developed,  being 
represented  merely  by  a  transverse  papillose  band,  but  in  the  otb®* 
species  they  are  quite  easily  visible  on  dissection. — V.  S.  SummerhaY^' 

Fig.  1,  flowering  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  dorsal  sepal,  x  4  ;  3,  lateral  sep*1^ 
x  4 ;  4,  petal,  x  4 ;  5,  lip  and  column,  in  lateral  view,  x  12;  6,  lip,  in 
view,  x  12;  7,  pollinium,  x  16;  8,  staminode,  x  16: — a,  anther ;  ap,  append*^ 
of  lip  ;  11,  lamina  of  lip  ;  loc,  anther  loculus ;  r,  middle  lobe  of  rosteflun  1 
s,  stigma  ;  st,  staminode  ;  v,  viscidia. 


SBHHH 


32  70 


Tabula  3270. 

DISPERIS  C  ARDIOPETALA  Swnmerhayes. 
Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

D.  cardiopetala  Summerhayes ,  nom.  nov.  D.  cordata  Summerhaves  in 
Kew  Bull.  1933,  252,  non  Sw.— Affinis  D.  togoensi  Schltr.,  a  qua  foliis  et 
bracteis  multo  majoribus,  labelli  appendicibus  longioribus  angulo  acuto 
neque  recto  divergentibus  differt. 


V/lU^/OUlUOUUl,  A  A  V  vUl. 

hirsutum.  Caulis  gracilis,  ucj.cs,  mcuio  i-  (rarius  2-)foliatus  basi 
vaginis  1-2  instruct™.  Folia  alterna,  sessilia,  ovata  vel  rarius  sub- 

orbiculana,  obtusa  vel  acuta,  basi  cordata,  6-20  mm  lon<m 

lata,  subcarnosa  Flores  3-6  sessiles,  in  spica  brevi  subcorymbTa 

uique1  is  r  «  rrtisrsr  stFr 

apicibus  divergentia,  acuta,  triente  vel  Quadrant*  i!  •?  s.emiovata> 
antenore  basi  dilatata,  7-8  mm  longa’  2  3  mm' tY'16 1)osteriore  recta, 

to2*  ungue  ’upttl  ™l  ”mi-'niP™d“  P»piilo*«1"*st™t»m  di“ 

Si  Sx«iyn  :::F 

lobus  intermSn?  1-f-  Jonga ' ;  stanunodia  vix  evoluta.  Roslelli 

«pathulato-dilatata,T-5mmnLga  '*****  reCUIVata>  aPice 

ToSkountounaAfnaC°ra  ,,Mt8*,je  S°mba  C0UntlT>  between  Forfa  and 
24060.  ga  Cry  forest>  450~550  m-.  June  1910,  Chevalier 

1200  m^Artil  J*um>  iQ  grassland  at  edge  of  forest, 

W  m->  AI)nl  1931,  Maitland  1519  (type). 


2 


In  the  structure  of  the  flowers,  especially  the  lip,  this  species  approaches 
D.  togoensis  Schltr.  and  D.  Johnstoni  Rchb.  f.  From  the  latter  it  is 
readily  distinguished  by  the  much  dilated  lower  portion  of  the  petals, 
as  a  result  of  which  the  galea  composed  of  the  joined  dorsal  sepal  and 
petals  is  cordate  at  the  base  instead  of  cuneate  as  in  D.  Johnstoni  (see 
tab.  3269).  D.  togoensis  Schltr.  is  a  very  slender  plant  with  extremely 
small  leaves  and  bracts,  these,  on  the  other  hand,  being  well  developed 
in  D.  cardiopetala.  It  will  be  seen  from  the  drawings  of  the  lip  in 
D.  Johnstoni  and  this  species  that  the  so-called  “  appendages  ”  of  the  lip 
are  in  these  cases  (and  also  probably  in  D.  katangensis  Summerhayes, 
tab.  3271)  formed  by  the  broadening  or  splitting  of  the  lip  claw,  which 
is  then  sharply  reflexed,  the  inner  or  lower  surfaces  on  each  side  of 
the  bend  being  adnate  to  one  another  for  a  varying  distance  in  the 
different  species.  It  is  doubtful  if  there  is  any  real  outgrowth  from  the 
upper  surface  of  the  claw,  although  such  development  may  have 
started  in  D.  katangensis. — V.  S.  Summerhayes. 

Fio.  1,  flowering  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  dorsal  sopal,  x  6  ;  3,  lateral  sepals* 
x  4;  4,  petal,  x  6  ;  5,  lip  and  column,  x  12;  6,  apex  of  lip,  x  12;  7,  pollinium* 
x  12  : — a,  anther ;  ap,  appendages  of  lip  ;  c,  caudicle  ;  11,  lamina  of  lip » 
loc,  anther  loculus;  r,  middle  lobe  of  rostellum  ;  s,  stigma  with  pollen  masses; 
v,  viscidium  (all  drawn  from  Chevalier  24060). 


SR'C- 


Tabula  3271. 

DISPERIS  KATANGENSIS  Summerhayes . 

Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

D.  katangensis  Summerhayes  in  Kew  Bull.  1931,  384 ;  aflinis  D. 
mozambicensi  Schltr.  et  D.  Stolzii  Schltr.,  a  quibus  labelli  appendice 
ambitu  subreniformi  apice  sinu  acuto  emarginata  vel  breviter  biloba 
nec  valde  biloba  lobis  anguste  ellipticis  differt. 

//er&aterrestris,  6-13  cm.  alta ;  tuber  ellipsoideum,  tomentoso-pilosum. 
Caulis  gracilis,  1-2-foliatus,  teres,  glaber,  basi  vagina  instructus,  apice 
uni-  vel  biflorus.  Folia  patentia,  sessilia,  ovata  vel  late  ovata,  basi 
cordata,  apiculata  vel  breviter  acuminata,  8-12  mm.  (lobis  basalibus 
inclusis  9-15  mm.)  longa,  8-14  mm.  lata.  Flores  sessilea,  albi  vel 
rosei ;  bracteae  folns  bene  similes,  subpatentes,  ovario  circiter  dimidio 
breviores,  5-11  mm.  longae.  Sepalum  intermedium  lineare,  superne 
sensim  attenuatum,  1-6-1 -8  cm.  longum;  sepala  lateralia  triente 
mferiore  connata,  longitudmaliter  semiorbicularia,  latere  antico  stricto 
apice  apiculata  et  divergent*,  1  -2-1  -  7  cm.  longa,  7-8  mm.  lata,  medb 
margmes  anticos  versus  in  sacculum  humilem  obtusissimum  producta. 
retala  oblique  elliptico-  vel  lanceolato-ovata,  subacuta,  1*6-1  *7  cm. 
onga,  cum  sepalo  intermedio  galeam  semisphaeroideam  1*2-1  *5  cm. 
ion  gam  formantia.  Labellum  basi  faciei  columnae  adnatum,  superne 
re  ractum,  apice  ovato-spathulatum,  cuspidatum,  supra  crista  integra 
nstructum,  papillato-pubescens,  parte  integra  labelli  in  toto  5  mm. 
onga  ,  labelli  appendix  erecta,  e  basi  cuneata  ambitu  reniformis  apice 
,rCU\°  emar^nal:a>  iri  toto  2  *5-3  *5  mm.  longa,  4  mm.  lata,  superne 
‘  lse  pu  escens.  Anthera  2  mm.  longa  ;  staminodia  semiorbicularia 
jn  lco  ln  <lPPendicem  subulatam  producta.  Rostelli  brachia  circinatim 

6  kW*1’  T?  erecta>  Previa,  obtusissima.  Ovarium  glabrum,  leviter 
o-alatum,  0*8-1  *4  cm.  longum. 

Feb°  ^1 09HODESIA'  Mwinilun8a  District,  in  bush,  1350-1500  m., 

i]  a ;K I'ioi  X n°nr ° '  Kutanga,  Kisinga  Valley,  in  shady  moist  places, 
Veined  -t'  '  VOn  Hi;rschber9  168  (type) “  The  hood  is  pale-pink 

anri  r  W1™  Pln^,  the  lip  darker  pink.  The  leaves  are  white-veined 
a  are  magenta  beneath.,, 


2 


This  species  is  most  closely  related  to  D.  Stolzii  Schltr.,  a  native  of 
the  Livingstone  Mountains  in  southern  Tanganyika  Territory,  and  to 
D.  mozambicensis  Schltr.,  which  occurs  in  Mozambique.  It  also  has 
relationships  with  two  species  occurring  in  southern  India  and  with 
some  from  Madagascar.  From  all  these  it  differs  in  the  massive  broad 
appendage  to  the  lip,  the  appendage  in  the  other  species  being  deeply 
bilobed  with  narrow  lobes  or  segments.  The  flowers  are  also  somewhat 
larger  in  D.  katangensis  than  in  any  of  its  allies.  The  staminodes  are 


Fig.  1,  flowering  plants,  natural  size ;  2,  dorsal  sepal,  x  2 ;  3,  lateral  sepals 
x  2 ;  4,  petal,  x  2;  5,  lip  and  column  in  lateral  view,  x  8  ;  6,  the  same,  iro& 
the  front,  x  6  : — a,  anther ;  ap,  appendage  of  lip  ;  c,  caudicle  ;  11,  lamina 
lip  ;  loc,  anther  loculus  ;  r,  middle  lobe  of  rostellum  ;  s,  stigma  ;  st,  staminode » 
v,  viscidia. 


very  remarkable,  each  being  drawn  out  at  the  anticous  end  into  a  long 
subulate  point  which  projects  upwards  and  sideways. 

V.  S.  SUMMERHAYES. 


3272 


Tabula  3272. 

DISPERIS  DICEROCHILA  Summerhayes. 
Orchidaceae.  Tribus  Ophrydeae. 

D.  dicerochila  Summerhayes  ;  species  nova  affinis  D.  virginali  Scliltr. 
et  D.  Nelsonii  Rolfe  ;  ab  ilia  sepalorum  lateralium  calcaribus  brevi- 
oribus,  ab  utraque  labelli  appendicibus  satis  brevioribus  lobulis  fere 
sessilibus  differt. 


Herba  terrestris,  usque  ad  15  cm.  alta  ;  tubera  ellipsoidea  vel  fere 
sphaeroidea,  circiter  1  cm.  diametro,  dense  tomentoso-hirsuta,  radicibus 
flexuosis  glabris.  Gaulis  erectus,  teres,  glaber,  basi  vaginis  saepius 
2  instructus,  medio  bifoliatus,  apice  1-3-florus.  Folia  opposita,  ovata 
vel  lanceolato-ovata,  acuta  vel  breviter  acuminata,  basi  vaginantia 
supra  vaginam  rotundata  vel  fere  cordata,  lamina  1-5-3  cm.longa  1-2  cm’ 
lata  Flores  subumbellati,  sessiles,  albi,  roseo-  vel  purpureo-tincti : 
bracteae  foliaceae,  sessiles,  lanceolatae,  acuminatae,  usque  ad  1-5  cm’ 
longae.  Sepalum i  intermedium  anguste  lanceolato-lineare,  acutum  lev- 
iter  incurvatum,  7-11  mm.  longum,  cum  petalis  agglutinatum  cucullum 
latum  dorso  convexum  baud  ca  caratum  f ormans ;  sepala  lateralia  ba7i 
tantum  connata,  oblique  rhomboideo-ovata,  acuta,  latere  antico  infra 
medium  breviter  et  obtuse  calcarata,  7-10  mm.  longa,  4-5  mm  lata 
Pciuh  ambitu  p-formia  leviter  curvata,  apice  obtusa,  7-10  mm.  ionga, 

Una  4  "w'  ata'  •  La\Jcllum  basi  Per  2  mm.  columnae  adnatum,  longe 
ngmculatum,  apice  breviter  reflexum,  totum  7-9  mm.  longum,  juxta 

E?  iPug,lna  8upe.r.10re  aPPendicibus  duabus  bilobulatis  2-2  mm 

modo ’pn°rbU  °  appefdlcls  ntriusque  postico  erecto  basi  oblongo  deinde 

”  urvato1US  a"gU!tat°  apfe  Papillose,  lobulo  antico  auriculato  obtuse 

orScularik  /”*&!**  longa ;  staminodia  semi- 

longi  Ou’S10ia'i  f0**?  °b>  laterales  erecti.  vix  torti,  1-5  mm. 
g  •  Uvanmn  1-1-1  -4  cm.  longum,  glabrum. 


Fishbckanrl  Nyinabitaba,  2550  m.,  among  moss,  Aug.  1931, 

K“rC02Z°  K  1  A“8'  ‘“I'  1382  W* 

Dec.  1930  7!  Mr'"50p’  111  forest  in  den8e  sbade,  2400  m., 

^30,  Nmer  635.  Mau  Plateau,  in  forests,  Battiscombe  947. 

leaves  aruT j>elongs  to  a  group  of  species  bearing  a  pair  of  opposite 
’  Qd  t0  the  smaller  section  of  this,  in  which  the  hood  formed 


2 


by  the  dorsal  sepal  and  petals  is  rounded  and  not  prolonged  into  a 
cylindrical  spur.  There  are  five  other  species  in  this  minor  group* 
two,  D.  Kerstenii  Rchb.  f.  and  D.  leuconeura  Schltr.,  being  natives  of 
Tanganyika  Territory  ;  two  more,  D.  virginalis  Schltr.  and  D.  Nelson t* 
Rolfe,  occurring  in  the  Transvaal ;  while  the  fifth,  D.  oppositifolM 
Lindl.,  is  widely  distributed  in  the  Mascarene  Islands.  I) .  dicer ochdn, 
in  spite  of  being  the  northernmost  representative  of  the  group,  resembleS 
most  closely  the  two  South  African  members,  both  of  which  have  the 
two  appendages  of  the  lip  longer  and  each  provided  with  a  distinct 
claw  below  the  point  of  divergence  into  lobules.  In  D.  Kerstenii  tin9 
elongation  is  much  more  pronounced,  the  claws  of  the  appendage® 
being  as  long  as  the  claw  of  the  lip  proper,  and  many  times  longer 
than  the  reflexed  apex  of  the  lip.  In  D.  leucofbeura  and  D.  oppositifd & 
the  structure  of  the  lip  is  quite  different  in  plan  from  that  in  th€ 
other  species.  Superficially,  however,  all  the  species  bear  a  very 
close  resemblance  to  one  another,  at  any  rate  so  far  as  drieu 
specimens  are  concerned,  and  only  careful  examination  of  the  flowed 
reveals  the  technical  differences. 

It  is  remarkable  that  D.  dicerochila  is  so  widely  separated  geograpb1' 
cally  from  its  nearest  relatives,  but  it  is  probable  that  other  species 
Disperis  remain  to  be  discovered  in  Africa.  Like  all  the  other  norths11 
members  of  the  genus  the  new  species  occurs  in  mountain  regions  llt 
high  altitudes.  The  specimens  in  the  two  Kenya  Colony  gatheriugs 
are  more  robust  and  have  larger  flowers  than  those  from  Ruwenz0*1' 
but  the  floral  structure  is  apparently  identical. 

The  specific  epithet  refers  to  the  shape  of  the  lip,  which  resembles  ^ 
a  remarkable  extent  the  head  of  an  animal  bearing  two  erect  horu9, 

V.  S.  SummerhayE5- 

Fig.  1,  flowering  plant,  natural  size;  2,  dorsal  sepal,  x  6;  3,  lateral 
x  4  ;  4,  petal,  x  6;  5,  lip  and  column,  in  lateral  view,  x  8  ;  6,  apex  u*  . 
lip,  opened  out,  x  12 ;  7,  one  pollinium,  in  lateral  view,  x  16: — a,  an.,  ^  • 
ap,  appendages  of  the  lip  ;  c,  caudicle  ;  11,  apex  of  lip  ;  r,  middle  lobe  of  rosteH11^ -J 
s,  stigma  ;  at,  staminode  ;  v,  viscidia.  (Fig.  1  drawn  from  Napier  635  ; 
from  Eggeling  1382.) 


\ 


= 


S.R-C 


2 


Tabula  3273. 

EXOCHOGYNE  AMAZONICA  C.B.  Clarke. 
Cyperaceae.  Tribus  Cryptangieae. 


Exochogyne  C.  B.  Clarke  in  Vcrh.  Bot.  Ver.  Brandenb.  xlvii.  101 
(1906) ;  descriptio  hie  ampliata. 

Inflorescentia  spiciformis.  Greges  spicularum  feminearum  et  mas- 
cu  arum  plUs  minusve  basibus  bractearuni  incincti.  Spiculae  tmsculae 
re vi ter  pedicellatae ;  pedicelli  in  pedunculo  brevissimo  bracteae 
a  nato  insert  i ;  glumae  vacuae  2,  floriferae  2-7  ;  stamina  2  in  glumis 
erioribus  omnibus  inclusa  vel  gluma  summa  vacua ;  filamenta’ 
enuissima  glabra.  Spiculae  femineae  vel  mediae  et  terminales  vel 
asales  et  extra  spiculas  masculas  dispositae,  pedicellatae  ;  stylus 
K  ex3  stigmatibus  2  filiformibus  crispule  furfuraceo-pubescentibus. 
Nux  rostrata,  breviter  stipitata. 

fibfoS°  pibsuUs0' I’nstmcto8’  P‘UM  minU8Ve  rePente  squamis 

maiginibLrecurvT^TO^'Y^^  F°Ua  linearia>  acuta' 

prominente.  Infloreseentia  rhirlii  l  k°  ln)Pre88a  et  Puljerula,  subtus 
basi  cymbiform^^^marginibus^lo^P^i  ^T8°'angulata’  bracteis 

-  wU  . f 

supenore  setaceis.  Spiculae  masculae  2  -10  in  bS f 
glumae  vacuae  inaequales,  lanceolatae  fctei  9ninxbus ; 

liueares.  Spiculae  femineae  2-3  in  bracteis  omnilm’  g  Umae  mteriores 
duplo  longius  pedicellata  ;  glumae  4  ’  Ma  <1Uani  ceterae 

savann»fiinal.Mther.iS0,fed1.g?nU8.0f  Cm^ieae  occurring  on 
collect im w  t  <JIf  l  ea8^rn  South  America  and  known  only  from  three 
and  ....  r  ’  "  T'p]  the  Amazons  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Mauaos 

ZciZni  l ,  hC  P°tar°,River  in  British  Guiana.  The  three  known 
as  f q  r  <  m  \°  one  au°ther  wither  closely  in  external  appearance,  but 

charlnt  “'i-H0  SCe"  from  the  limited  material  available  the  floral 
naracters  which  separate  them  are  quite  constant. 

tne  following  is  a  key  to  the  species 
Leaves  long  pilose,  rhizome  far  creeping,  male  spikelets  2-4. 

Leaves  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  rhizome  short,  male 

Halo  SP-iewSi°i  fCTle  SPik°lets  3 . E •  decondra. 

Male  spikelets  6,  female  spikelets  2(-3) . E.amazonica. 


2 


E.  amazonica  C.  B.  Clarke  in  Verh.  Bot.  Ver.  Brandcnb.  xlvii.  101 
(1906) ;  a  ceteris  speciebus  spiculis  masculis  6,  staminibus  6  in  spiculis 
singulis  dift'ert. 

Rhizoma  brevissime  repens,  culmos  complures  approximates  emittens. 
Folia  basalia  5-7,  libera,  vaginis  haud  distinguendis,  per  centimetros 
basales  4  pilosula ;  lamina  c.  15-30  cm.  longa,  1*5-2  mm.  lata, 
rigidiuscula,  marginibus  recurvis  nonnunquam  sparse  pilosis,  subtus  fere 
plana,  costa  prominente  glabra.  Culmus  9-15  cm.  longus,  plerumque 
e  foliis  basalibus  omnino  liber,  0*5  mm.  diametro,  glaberrimus  ;  folium 
caulinum  solitarium,  raro  nullum,  e  dimidio  inferiore  culmi  emissum, 
foliis  basalibus  simile.  Inflorescentia  4*5-6  cm.  longa,  spiculis  imis 
saepe  1  cm.  sub  ceteris  orientibus,  plerumque  femineis ;  bractea 
inferior  usque  30  cm.  longa,  foliis  similis,  bracteac  mediae  1-1*2  cm. 
longae.  Spiculae  masculae  6,  pedicellis  1  mm.  longis ;  glumae  ex- 
teriores  vacuae  2,  altera  2  mm.  longa,  altera  3  mm.  longa,  interiores  4, 
6-6*5  mm.  longae,  lineares,  acutae,  ima  satis  carinata,  carina  apicem 
*  versus  breviter  hispida,  ceterae  glabrae  ;  stamina  6,  filamentis  usque 
7  mm.  longis;  antherae  circiter  3*5  mm.  longae.  Spiculae  femineae 
vel  2,  centrales,  terminales,  altera  pedicello  2  mm.longo,  altera  pedicello 
1  mm.  longo  praedita,  vel  3  ;  glumae  ovatae,  acutae,  glabrae,  exteriores 
circiter  1*2  mm.  longae,  interiores  2  mm.  longae;  stylus  c.  2  mm. 
longus,  stigmatibus  circiter  7  mm.  longis.  Nux  subglobosa,  2  mm. 
longa  rostro  incluso,  1*25  mm.  diametro,  subito  in  rostrum  satis  tenue 
c.  0*4  mm.  longum  contracta,  stipite  brevi. 

Brazil.  Amazonas :  campinas  near  Cachoeiras  de  Marmellos,  a 
tributary  of  the  Madeira,  March  1902,  Ule  6128  (Herb.  Kew.). 

# 

Several  groups  of  spikelets,  each  with  two  female  spikelets,  were 
dissected  by  the  writer  and  Mr.  N.  Y.  Sandwith.  Three  specimens,  each 
with  three  female  spikelets  as  shown  in  fig.  3,  were  seen  by  the  artist. 

T.  G.  Tutin. 

Fig.  1,  entire  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  J  spikelot,  with  empty  glumes  detached, 
x  4 ;  3,  group  of  three  $  spikelets,  x  6;  4,  nut,  x  12. 


3274 


Tabula  3274. 

EXOCHOGYNE  MEGALORRHYNCHA  Tutin. 

Cyperaceae.  Tribus  Cryptangieae. 

E.  megalorrhyncha  Tutin ;  species  nova,  foliis  basalibus  longe 
vaginatis,  laminis  longe  supra  culmi  basin  orientibus  dense  patenter 
pilosis  (pilis  1*5  mm.  longis),  spiculis  masculis  2-4  in  bracteis  omnibus 
Staminibus  4  praeditis  a  congeneribus  distinguenda. 

Rhizoma  longe  repens,  culmis  solitariis.  Folia  basalia  3—4,  vaginis 
pilosulis  arete  imbricatis  3-5  cm.  longis  antice  brunneo-membranaceis 
mox  longitudinaliter  fissis  nisi  annulo  apicali ;  lamina  circiter  7-30  cm. 
longa,  1  *  5  2  mm.  lata,  satis  tenuis,  supra  canaliculata,  marginibus 
recurvatis  longe  pilosis,  nervis  utroque  costae  latere  compluribus 
quorum  unus  prominens  longe  pilosus  senectute  scabridus,  subtus 
fere  plana  costa  prominente  longe  pilosa,  ceterum  glabra.  Culmus 
10*5-19  cm.  longus,  inferne  in  vaginis  foliorum  inferiorum  inclusus, 
tenuis,  0*5  mm.  diametro,  glaber  nisi  angulo  singulo  sub  costa  folii 
caulini ;  folium  caulinum  singulum,  dimidio  caulis  superiore  oriens, 
vagina  7-10  mm.  longa  dorso  costata  antice  membranacea  senectute 
nisi  annulo  apicali  fissa,  lamina  iis  foliorum  basalium  simili.  Injhres - 
centia  4-5  cm.  longa ;  bractea  ima  foliacea,  indumento  foliorum 
praedita,  ad  13  cm.  longa ;  bracteae  mediae  1*8-2  cm.  longae,  omnes 
laete  virides,  marginibus  dense  longe  albido-pilosis.  Spuyulae  masculae 
2-4,  statu  vivo  albidae ;  glumae  extimae  imae  vacuae,  brevissimae, 
exterior  1*5-2  mm.  longa,  interior  2 *8-3 *5  mm.  longa;  interiores 
duae  7-8  mm.  longae,  apicem  versus  hispidulae  ;  stamina  4,  filamentis 
glumis  paullo  longioribus,  antheris  exsertis  circiter  3  mm.  longis  loculis 
basi  sagittatis.  Spiculae  femineae  centrales,  terminals,  2,  altera 
ongipedicellata  pedicello  3  mm.  longo,  altera  pedicello  breviore  1  mm. 
on8°  >  glumae  exteriores  ovatae,  acutiusculae,  1  mm.  longae,  interiores 
usque  2  mm.  longae,  dimidio  superiore  breviter  ciliolatae ;  stylus 
urciter  1*5  mm.  longus,  stigmatibus  statu  vivo  rubris,  6-7  mm.  longis. 
[  iiz  ovoideo-oblonga,  1  •  5  mm!  longa,  1  •  2  mm.  lata,  sensim  in  rostrum 
crassum  0*75  mm.  longum  attenuata,  stipite  circiter  0*5  mm.  longo. 

British  Guiana.  Potaro  River  :  Kaietuk  Savannah,  in  rather  open 
( ry®andy  grouud,  28  Aug.  1933,  Tutin  634  (type  in  Brit.  Mus.,  duplicate 
at  Kew).-T.  G.  Tutin. 

lo\v 10 i  P^ant*  w^b  small  part  of  rhizome,  natural  size  ;  2,  base  of  plant,  showing 
<!r  ieavos  and  sheaths,  natural  size  ;  3,  scale  from  rhizome,  x  3  ;  4,  transverse 
c?  a»Kln  °*  ^am*na>  x  8 ;  5,  two  £  spikelets,  x  6  ;  6,  inner  empty  glume  of 
$  )  flattened,  x  6  ;  7,  a  fertile  glume  of  the  same,  flattened,  x  6  ;  8,  two 

lakelets,  x  6 ;  9,  outer  glumo  of  ?  spikelet,  x  6. 


32 7S 


Tabula  3275. 

EXOCHOGYNE  DECANDRA  Tutin, 
Cyperaceae.  Tribus  Cryptangieae. 


E.  decandra  Tutin ;  species  nova,  spiculis  femineis  tribus  extra 
masculas  dispositis,  spiculis  masculis  10,  staminibus  10  in  spiculis 
ornnibus,  glumis  spicularum  feminearum  latissimis  orbiculari-quadratis 
apice  erosis  a  congeneribus  distinguenda. 


Rhizoma  breviter  repens,  culmos  complures  approximates  emittens. 
o  ia  basalia  3-4,  libera,  vaginis  baud  distinguendis,  per  centimetros 
oasales  4  pilosula ;  lamina  supra  canaliculata  glabra,  subtus  fere 
omnfno  lil  Culmu8  7“15  cm.  longus,  plerumque  e  foliis  basalibus 
caulinis  nSmi  diametro>  obtuse  triqueter,  omnino  glaber,  foliis 

femineis  saene  3  ■  5-8  cm.  longa,  spiculis  imis  plerumque 

30  em  Wrr  *  /  cm*  8Ub  ceteris  orientibus ,  bractea  ima  usque 
marffinibnf  l  °  10  caudno  simiUs,  bracteae  mediae  1-5-2  cm.  longae, 
omnihi,  \°-ng*  8riseo-pilosae.  Spiculae  masculae  10  in  bracteis 

alien  9-9P?1Ce  18  1  mm‘  Ion8is !  gIumae  extcriores  duae,  vacuae, 

.  *■  •  ,  ?m>  altera  3 -2-3 -3  mm.  Ionga,  turn  quinque  interiores 

.  camma  includentes,  lineares,  acutae,  incurvae,  inferior  apicem  versus 
spicuin,  7  mm.  Ionga,  secunda  glabra  7  mm.  longa,  ceterae  tres 
sineTf”1'  •  Mgae’  deniquc  feduma  mtima  4-5  mm.  longa,  obtusiuscula, 

1  0  staminibus  ;  filamenta  6-5  mm.  longa  ;  antherae  4  mm  loneae 
ocubs  basi  rotundatis.  Spiculae  femmeae  3,  extra  spiculas  masculas 
^rtae  (nec  ut  in  speciebus  ceteris  inter  eas  centrales),  una  pedicello 
o  3  mm.  longo,  ceterao  pedicellis  3-3-5  mm.  longis  •  durnae  4 
tissime  ovatae  usque  suborbiculares,  glabrae,  exterfore’a  duae  1-3- 
lon  Wae  mtenores  duae  1  -8-2-5  mm.  longae  ;  stylus  c.  2  mm. 

«gus  stigmatibus  usque  circiter  7  mm.  longis.  Nux  ovoideo- 

ium  hr1'^2  nT  0nga’  ,°'75  mm-  kta’  iQ  rostrum 

longo  1  l0ngUm  attentuata,  stipite  0-2  mm. 


uwf1 hi  grande’ Manaos’ June 


&1.?  !°*  P^nt,  natural  size 
g  UDle  °f  ?  spikelet,  x  6 ;  5, 


»’  2,  $  spikelet,  x  4  ; 
nut,  x  12. 


3,  $  spikelet,  x6;  4,  outer 


I 


Tabula  3276. 

GERANIUM  ARISTATUM  Freyn  et  Sint. 

Geraniaceae.  Tribus  Geranieae. 

G.  aristatum  Freyn  et  Sint,  in  Bull.  Herb.  Boiss.  v.  587  (1897)  ; 
Hal&csy,  Consp.  FI.  Grace,  i.  295  (1900)  ;  Bierbach  ex  Degen  in  Mag. 
Bot.  Lap.  i.  92  (1902),  et  in  Math.  u.  Naturw.  Ber.  Ungarn  xix.  369 
(1904);  Adamovi6  in  Denkschr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Math. -Naturw. 
Kl.  lxxiv.  136  (1904) ;  Knuth  in  Engl.  Pflanzenr.  iv.  129,  133  (1912) ; 
Bornmuller  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  lix.  446  (1925)  ;  Hayek,  Prodr.  FI. 
Penins.  Balcan.  i.  569  (1925)  ;  Markgraf  in  Fedde,  Repert.  Bcih.  xlv. 
194  (1927)  ;  a  G.  reflexo  L.  indumento  praecipuc  in  partibus  superioribus 
dense  glanduloso-piloso,  floribus  multo  majoribus,  sepalis  longe  aristatis 
facile  distinguitur. 

Herba  perennis,  caulibus  erectis  inf  erne  patule  vel  plus  minusve 
retrorsum  hispidulis  supernc  et  ad  inflorescentiam  patule  et  molliter 
glanduloso-pilosis  usque  ad  3*3  dm.  altis  siccitate  longitudinaliter 
sulcatis  fere  a  basi  ramosis  flexuosis  supernc  dichotomo-paniculatis ; 
rhizoma  crassum,  1  *4  cm.  diametro,  dense  squamosum.  Folia  basalia 
longissime  petiolata,  petiolis  usque  ad  1*9  dm.  longis  retrorsum  his¬ 
pidulis  vel  patule  glanduloso-pilosis,  lamina  ambitu  fere  orbiculari- 
pentagona  vel  -hexagona  7-5  cm.  diametro  palmato-partita,  segmentis 
rhomboideis  3— 5-lobis  acute  grosse  dentatis,  utrinque  plus  minusve 
dense  pilosa  et  interdum  glandulosa  ;  caulina  omnia  opposita,  inferiora 
basalibus  similia  sed  leviter  majora  et  petiolis  brevioribus,  superiora 
minora  petiolis  brevibus,  suprema  sessilia ;  stipulae  lanceolatae, 
superne  sensim  acuminatae,  aristatae,  inferiores  circiter  2-2*5  cm., 
superiores  6-8  mm.  longae,  dorso  plus  minusve  pilosae  vel  infimae 
glabrae,  badiae  vel  fuscae.  Pedunculi  biflori,  stricti,  folio  tandem 
duplo  longiores,  usque  ad*9  cm.  longi  sed  saepissime  breviores.  Pedicelli 
1-3*2  cm.  longi,  tandem  deflcxi.  Sepala  oblongo-  vel  ovato-elliptica, 
9  -10  mm.  longa  (arista  exclusa),  3-5  inm.  lata,  superne  obtusa  vel  fere 
truncata,  arista  apicali  5-6  mm.  longa  praedita,  quinquenervia,  dorso 
longe  pilosa,  exteriores  omnino,  interiores  in  costa  solum,  post  anthesin 
patula,  deinde  subdeflexa,  tandem  erecta.  Petala  reflexa,  obovato- 
elliptica,  apice  interdum  leviter  apiculata  interdum  breviter  emarginata, 
basi  brevissime  unguiculata  et  barbato-ciliata,  circiter  1*6  cm.  longa, 
6-7*5  mm.  lata,  pallide  molochina,  nervis  primariis  5,  lateralibus  basi 


2 


dichotomis.  Filamenta  inferne  anguste  lanceolata  ciliata,  superne 
tenuiter  subulata  glabra,  9  mm.  longa  ;  antherae  oblongo-ellipsoidcae, 
dehiscentes  2*5  mm.  longae.  Qynoecium  8  mm.  altum ;  valvulae 
adpresse  albo-hirsutae,  1*5  mm.  longae. 

Thessaly.  Auf  dem  Pindus  in  Felsspalten  des  Berges  Plaka  beim 
Dorfe  Chaliki,  selten,  Sintenis  1896,  No.  673  (non  vidi). 

Albania.  Qermenika :  Bergwiese  bei  Teke  Balim  Sultan  i  ‘eper, 
1500  m.  ii.  d.  M.,  Kalk  ;  bluhend.  8.6.24.  n.  533,  Markgraf  (non  vidi). 
District  of  Moskopole,  west  of  Kor£e,  Ostrovice  Range,  4  July  1933, 
1900  m.,  bare  broken  limestone  slopes,  Alston  and  Sandmth  2083: — 
“Flowers  purple-veined:  the  flower  colour  is  exactly  that  of  pale 
Malva  sylvestris” 

N.  Macedonia.  Dudica-planina,  Mala-rupa,  auf  der  Ke5i-kaja,  im 
Gebiisch  der  Buchenwalder,  Mai  1918,  Biesalski  475  (non  vidi)  ; 
f-iidlich  von  Uskiib  am  Aufstieg  zum  Peplak  oberhalb  Crni-vrh,  Bierbach 
(non  vidi). 

S.  Macedonia.  Krystallopegae  (Smrdesh),  19  June  1932,  1540  m., 
grassy  and  sliady  spots  among  limestone  rocks,  near  edge  of  mountain 
plateau  east  of  village,  Alston  and  Sandwith  925 : — “  Petals  reflexed, 
pale  lilac-mauve  with  darker  redder  veins.” 

This  interesting  species,  endemic  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula,  has 
apparently  a  somewhat  limited  distribution  from  Thessaly  to  the 
southern  parts  of  Albania.  Its  affinity  is  with  G.  rejlexum  L.,  which 
occurs  in  the  same  area  but  has  a  wider  distribution,  being  found  also 
in  Central  Italy.  In  foliage  and  in  the  general  characters  of  the  aerial 
parts  there  is  a  definite  resemblance  to  G.  bohemicum  L.,  a  species 
with  a  wide  distribution  in  Central  and  in  certain  parts  of  South 
Europe,  and  which  also  occurs  fairly  widely  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula. 
G.  bohemicum  is,  however,  an  annual,  or  at  most  a  biennial,  while 
G.  anstatum  is  a  perennial. 

The  material  collected  by  Alston  and  Sandwith  on  their  two  expedi¬ 
tions  is  in  the  flowering  condition  only.  Certain  differences  between 
Tif  Macedonian  and  the  Albanian  plants  call  for  comment. 

Ihe  Macedonian  specimens  have  a  denser  indumentum,  especially  on 
the  lower  parts  of  the  stems  and  the  petioles,  and  somewhat  larger 
leaves  than  the  Albanian.  The  leaf  segments  are  also  somewhat 
broader  or  are  more  nearly  contiguous  or  even  slightly  overlapping 
in  the  former,  while  they  diverge,  often  considerably,  in  the  latter. 

Bornmuller  (l.c.)  has  pointed  out  certain  inaccurate  statements  in 
the  original  description.  Observations  on  the  new  specimens  confirm 
Bornmuller’s  remarks. -W.  B.  Turrill. 

.*!°-  !>  basal  portion  of  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  upper  portion  of  plant,  natural 
size ,  3,  portion  of  pedicel,  x  4 ;  4,  exterior  sepal,  outer  surface  view',  x  3 ; 
o,  interior  sepal,  outer  surface  view,  x  3  ;  6,  internal  sepal,  inner  surface  view, 
x  d ;  7,  petal,  x  2 ;  8,  stamen,  x  4;  9,  gynoeeium,  >:  4. 


Tabula  3277. 

CEPHALOEHHTNCHUS  GLANDULOSUS  Boiss. 

Compositae.  Tribus  Cichorieae. 


C.  glandulosus  Boiss.  Diagn.  Ser.  I.  no.  4,  28  (1844),  et  FI  Or  iii 
820  (1875) ;  Hausskn.  in  Mitt.  Thiir.  Bot.  Ver.,  Neue  Folee  vii 
(1895) ;  llouy,  Illustr.  PI.  Eur.  Bar.  fasc.  7,  t.  162  (1896)  •  Halacsv 
Consp.  FI.  Grace.  ii.  215  (1902);  Javorka,  Magyar  Flora  1198 
(1925) ;  Bornmiiller  in  Engl.  Bot.  Jahrb.  lx.  Beibl.'  136,  120  (1926) 
C.  glandulosus  Boiss.  var.  cataractarum  Simk.  in  Termeszetr.  Fiiz  i  169 
(1877);  C.  cataractarum  Simk.  (1877)  et  Lactuca  cataractarum  Simk 
sec.  Nyman,  Consp  Suppl.  n.  203  (1889).  Cicerbita  glandulosa  (Boiss  ) 
Bcauverd  in  Bull.  Soc.  Bot.  Geneve,  2me  Ser.  ii.  140  (1910)  Mucdii 
glandulosa  (Borns.] |  Hayek,  Prodr.  FI.  Penins.  Balcan.  ii.  842  (1931)- 

A  C.  Candolleano  Boiss  pedunculis  valde  glandulosis,  cypselis  breviori 
bus,  pappi  pihs  longionbus  differt.  orevion- 

Phnta  biennis,  radice  tuberosa.  Caules  7- 6-12-1  dm  nw;  t  y  • 
inferne  and  ramosi  vel  ramis  brevibus  debdibus  tut 
pamculato-ramosissimi,  fistulosi,  glanduloso-hisnidi  •  8U?e.r.ne 

instruct!,  siecitate  longitudinaliter  costati  Fo lia  glabra ^  veMere 
glabra,  infra  glauca,  infiraa  runcinatim  lyrato-pinnatipartita  f 

f  ^ya^^P^^a^Pa^^a  segmentis  paucioribus,  sessilia  vel 
petiolo  alato  basi  late  auriculata,  gradatim  minora  •  supSema  phis 

laxoTcomp^os^tos1?  ?ansi*Dtia-  CaPilul“  39-125  in  corymboa 

qi^Ldan^  disposita,  inflorescence  ramis  pedunculis- 

subulatao  Wi  ^  v^i  Pe(*u.ncljll5-13  mm.longi ;  bracteaelineares  vel 
glabrum  •*  -nh  n  ^pl^^^aunculatae,  3-30  mm.  longae.  lnvoluerum 
exterioris  a  anceo*ato^mearia  vel  fere  linearia,  viridia,  ea  seriei 
interiori^  R  9 .8UPerne  ^tenuata,  4-8  mm.  longa,  1-1*5  mm.  lata,  ea 
membrfinn  al)lcc  r?tun(iata  puberula,  11*5  mm.  longa,  1*5  mm.  lata, 
eloncrnf.,  JCC0"marKlnata,  superne  purpureo-nigricantia,  in  fructu  leviter 
apicfL/omUm  r?flexa'  F!°«cul1  10-n.  Corolla  12-5  mm.  longa, 
PubfiftPonf  i1*1™;  ata*  lacteo-alha,  tubo  3  mm.  longo  apice  patule 
lorn/is  rp'i  en^1lJUS apicalibus  oblongo-triangularibus  0*3-0*5  mm. 

°  U  us  ttoMweus  4*5-5  mm.  longus.  Stylus  complanatus, 


2 


11  mm.  longus,  superne  ciliolatus.  Ovarium  oblongum,  complanatum, 
apice  abrupte  contractum,  1*5  mm.  altum,  0*5  mm.  latum.  Cypsela 
subteres,  subincurva,  basin  versus  leviter  angustata,  superne  sensim 
angustata  in  rostrum  viride  filiforme  1*5  mm.  longum  apice  in  corpus- 
culum  semipyriforme  superne  planum  0*5  mm.  diametro  incrassatum, 
7  mm.  longa  (rostro  incluso),  0-75  mm.  diametro,  minute  tuberculata, 
apicem  versus  aculeolata,  atro-brunnea.  Pap  pi  setae  sordide  albae, 
exteriores  numerosissimae,  densae,  brevissimae,  circiter  0*2  mm. 
longae,  interiores  7  mm.  longae,  scabridulae. 

Albania.  Melesin,  above  Leskovik,  19  June  1933, 1100  m.,  in  shady 
ravine  at  top  of  limestone  cliffs  in  humus  with  Clematis  and  Fraxinus 
Ornus ,  Alston  and  Sandwith  1784  : — “  Erect  tall  herb.  Root  tuberous. 
Leaves  glaucous  beneath.  Flowers  creamy  white,  cypselas  brownish- 
chocolate.  Pappus  dirty  white.” 

Banat  (ad  confines  Romaniae).  In  fagetis  montium  inter  pagos 
Veriorova  et  Guravoie  loco  “  Eiscrnes  Thor,”  Degen  2670,  FI.  Exsicc. 
Austr.-Hung. 

Asia  Minor.  Forets  situ^es  au  N.O.  du  Defile  dcs  Portes  Ciliciennes, 
Juillet  1855,  Balansa. 

Beauverd  (l.c.)  retains  the  name  Cicerbita  Wallroth  (pro  max.  parte) 
for  a  genus  which,  in  his  sense,  includes  Mulgedium  Cass.,  Lactucopsis 
Schultz  Bip.,  Mycelis  Cass.,  Cephalorrhynchus  Boiss.,  and  Steptorhamphus 
Bunge  as  sections  or  subgenera,  but  is  distinguished  from  Sonchus  and 
Lactuca  by  the  structure  of  the  pappus.  Generic  limitations,  at  least 
in  such  a  family  as  the  Compositae,  are  bound  to  be  governed  very 
largely  by  subjective  bias  and  scientific  convenience.  It  is  obviously 
advantageous  to  separate  from  Lactuca  those  plants  having  so  distinctive 
a  type  of  pappus  as  that  found  in  Cicerbita  sensu  lato.  Whether  they 
should  be  all  retained  in  one  genus  or  distributed  amongst  five  or  fewer 
is  a  matter  of  secondary  importance.  Here  the  original  name  for  the 
plant  figured  is  retained,  since  it  appears  to  be  of  no  advantage  to  sink 
the  genus  to  the  rank  of  a  subgenus  without  change  of  content,  and 
still  less  to  place  it  in  the  genus  Mycelis. 

The  problems  connected  with  the  species  itself  are  much  more 
interesting.  It  was  first  described  by  Boissier  from  material  collected 
by  himself  in  Lydia,  western  Asia  Minor  :  “  in  Sipylo  supra  Magnesiam 
ubi  fructiferum  Julio  1842.”  In  the  Flora  Orientalis  (iii.  820 :  1875), 
specimens  collected  by  Balansa  in  the  same  locality  and  at  Yachamichlar 
Kioi,  Phrygia,  are  placed  with  the  type.  Haussknecht  (l.c.)  recorded  it 
from  ‘  eollibus  dumosis  supra  Kalabaka  pr.  mon.  Meteora.”  Jhis 
Ihessalian  material  was  collected  by  Haussknecht  in  the  summer  o 
1885.  He  notes  that  the  species  was  collected  by  Borbas  on  the 
lower  Danube  at  the  Iron  Gate.  Javorka  (l.c.)  adds  the  synonyni 

C.  hispidus  auct.,  var.  cataractarum  Simk.”  Bornmiiller  (l.c.)  records 
the  species  from  North  (Serbian)  Macedonia,  “  Demir-kapu  :  Felsige, 
waldige  Abhange  der  Bergriicken  rechts  vom  Vardar  ”  and  also  notes 


3 


that  he  collected  it  on  the  Logman  near  Amasia  in  1889.  The  evidence 
so  far  available  thus  indicates  Cephalorrhynchus  glandulosus  to  be  one  of 
the  numerous  plants  common  to  Asia  Minor  and  the  Balkan  Peninsula, 
but  one  which  has  a  strongly  discontinuous  distribution  on  both  sides 
of  the  Aegean  Sea.  It  is  no  doubt  one  of  those  species  which  attained 
distribution  in  Europe  and  Asia  when  the  Aegean  continent  gave  a 
continuous  land  connection,  and  its  occurrence  as  far  north  as  south¬ 
western  Roumania,  as  far  west  as  Albania,  and  as  far  east  as  Amasia, 
combined  with  the  apparent  wide  discontinuity  of  its  stations,  suggest 
it  is  of  Tertiary  and  not  of  recent  origin. 

Alston  and  Sandwith  describe  the  floret  colour  as  white,  or  more 
accurately  as  a  dingy  or  creamy- white .  Beauverd  says  that  Bornmiiller 
gives  the  floret  colour  as  “  ligules  violettes  ”  on  a  label  of  his  material 
of  No.  5237,  iter  Anatol.  III.  1899.  When  the  plant  is  dried  and  the 
florets  of  the  capitula  are  connivent,  a  more  or  less  violet  colour  is 
Boissier  does  not  describe  the  florets.  Hayek  (l.c.)  says 
nores  lutei.” 

Ihe  structure  of  the  pappus  is  distinctive.  The  cypsela  tapers  into 
a  beak  which  is  green  and  not  dark-brown  as  is  the  main  part  of  the 
fruit.  The  beak  at  its  apex  enlarges  to  form  a  pyriform  hemispherical 
swelling  which  is  flat  at  the  top.  The  disk  portion  of  this  swelling 
easily  becomes  detached  from  the  ripe  fruit.  It  bears  the  bristles  of 
outer^fr!1  •  7*  are  in  two  ve,T  differently  constituted  series.  The 
persistentS1frin V%1  numerous  »h°rt  hairs  which  form  a  dense  and 
whitish  soft  hiWl  s1enes  consists  of  much  longer  scabnd 

the  dried ^Lte£  8o±°h  with  the  g™***  easefat  least  in 

preted  the  structure  nf™,med-  Boissier  8eeras  to  have  wrongly  inter- 
only  one  series  of  paPPus  and  to  have  thought  that  there  was 

umbo  of  the  disk  it  tl  W  l°se  ^used  bases  surrounded  the  central 
awav  thevleft  *  ,  H*? P  °f  the  beak-  When  these  bristles  broke 

His  desermtimi  ^  ^  crowued  with  a  white  fimbriated  margin, 
the  firnbrmtm  .  S0I?(lwl{at  ^mbiguous  but  gives  the  impression  that 
thev  wor  fl  U\  <lr°  (/fc  behind  after  the  fall  of  the  bristles  because 
Wo7 ^  i  e  ,ia8e?  °  these.  The  truly  double  nature  of  the  pappus 
I  •  i  u  a881^1  (1824)  and  by  other  authors,  and  is  clearly  ex¬ 
plained  by  Beauverd  (op.  cit.  110,  116).-W.  B.  Turrill.  * 

natural J  \  2’  *ehi**atural  l  3,  lower  lateral  branch  of  inflorescence, 

6,  two  stamens’  x  8^7^  *i5  5*  fli>refc’ some  of  lon&  PaPPU8  hairs  removed,  x  6  ; 
removed  x  lrt’.  q  ’  7*  cypsela.,  x  6  ;  8,  top  of  beak  of  cypsela,  long  pappus  hairs 
eu#  *  Ad’  Supper  portion  of  long  hair  of  pappus,  x  24. 


■3278 


Tabula  3278. 

SOLENANTHUS  SCARDICUS  Bomm. 
Boraginaceae.  Tribus  Borageae. 


S.  scardicus  Bomm.  in  Fedde,  Repert.  xvii.  276/436  (1921) ;  a 
S.  Biebersteinii  DC.  habitu  robustiore,  floribus  majoribus,  coroilae 
tubo  lobis  4-5-plo  longiore  differt. 


Herba  perennis  vel  biennis  (?),  caulibus  nonnullis  e  collo  crasso 
5  cm.  diametro  ortis.  Caules  erecti,  5  dm.  alti  et  multo  altiores  (usque 
ad  1  m.  sec.  Sandwith),  inferne  teretes  elevatim  striati,  superne  plus 
minusve  sulcati,  patenter  vel  subpatenter  molliter  pubescentes  vel  fere 
tomentosi,  dense  foliati.  Folia  integra,  basalia  lamina  elliptica  obtusa 
brevissime  apiculata  basi  in  petiolum  6-9  cm.  longum  Rupeme  supra 
sulcatum  decurrente  2-2-4  dm  longa  7-5-10-8  cm.  lata  supra  minutis- 
sime  adpresse  puberula  mfra  albo-tomentosa  costa  supra  inferne  sulcata 
superne  nervisque  laterahbus  (siccitate)  levitcr  prominentibus  nfr 
ubique  prominentibus  ;  caulma  infima  lamina  elliptica  anmiste  ellint  ca 
vel  elliptico-oblanceolata  obtusa  in  petiolum  longum  angu  tato 
decurrente  2-6  cm.  longa  ;  inferiora  ct  media  gradatim  maiora  kmina 
elongato-elliptica  vel  lmeari  apice  rotundata  obtusa  vel  plus  m“ 

Si  Sue'Ta  °9  1  eT'im  ,'Tm 7  ™1  TS) 

sessili  usque  ad  2  9  dm.  longa  et  4  cm.  lata  supra  puberula  infra 
tomentella ;  superior  gradatim  breviora ;  suprema  (inflorescentiae 
ramos  subtendentia)  sessilm,  lanceolata-ovata,  basi  interdum  semi- 
v7iw»Ut  a'  1  Injl°™'f  Paniculata,  ramis  inferne  nudis  brevibus 

m  f  :i/)1US,nrUSVC  linilt-;  fl°reS  ebract(“ati  et  ebracteolati; 
pcdicelh  flonferi  o-6  mm.  longi,  fructiferi  2  cm.  vel  longiores  dense 

paftTtuT  if  6®0611*68  7C!  subIanati-  Calyx  floriferus  fere  ad  basin 
part.tus,  lacinns  anguste  lanceolatis  vel  oblongo-lanceolatis  subobtusis 

cui.,r-J0ng"  1-7j_3  T1-  lat.18  cxtra  sublanatis  intus  glabris  reti- 
laoiniis  11enosls  subpenicillatim  albo-pilosis ;  calyx  fructiferus 

Dalliflo  onS18  b  mm.  latis.  Corolla  7  mm.  longa,  tubulosa, 

sinibiiQ  ^  Vr  r<)se^'vl0^a8Cen8»  tubo  fere  glabro  pilis  perpaucis  in 
lon^is  I  *  a  °*  ^°b18  erectia  oblongo-triangularibus  obtusis  1*6  mm. 

nflna*  a8|1.  mm*  lati8,  fornicibus  e  media  parte  coroilae  tubi  ortis 
claviiti  1  U  ll/.i an8u®te  oblongo-triangularibus  vel  fere  linearibus  superne 
sinus  S  ttamento  tota  6-8  mm.  longa,  fere  usque  ad  coroilae 
oro  ae  tubo  adnata,  2*5  mm.  supra  coroilae  lobos  exserta  ; 


2 


antherae  brevitcr  oblongae,  0*75-1*5  ram.  longae.  Stylus  7  ram. 
longus  sed  post  anthesin  usque  ad  10  nun.  auctus  et  inferne  incrassatus. 
Nuculae  (fere  maturae)  ambitu  late  seiniobovatae  vel  ellipticae,  9  ram. 
longae,  7  mm.  latae,  4  mm.  altae,  leviter  marginatae,  facie  exteriore 
(superiore)  planae  et  giochidiatae,  margine  vix  elevato  et  facie  interiore 
(inferiore)  curvato  densissime  brevius  giochidiatae,  cicatrice  obovata 
5  mm.  longa. 

Albania.  Ostrovice  Range,  1700-1850  m.,  upper  slopes,  on  stony 
ground,  and  in  open  beech  woods,  4  July  1933,  Alston  and  Sandwith 
2072  : — “  Plant  erect ;  flower  a  curious  pale,  dingy  pinkish-mauve  ; 
stamens  cxscrted.” 

N.  Macedonia.  Inter  Gostivar  et  alpes  Korab  in  montibus 
Scardicis  australibus  supra  Mavrova  in  fagetis  umbrosis  subalpinis, 
altitudine  1350  m.,  2  Jun.  1918,  Bornmuller  (type). 

The  genus  Solenanthus  contains  about  18  known  species.  It  has  a 
wide  Eurasiatic  distribution  and  extends  also  into  North  Africa. 
S.  Reverchonii  Degen  is  confined  to  southern  Spain.  S.  petiolaris  DC. 
is  recorded  from  as  far  east  as  Afghanistan  and  also,  as  are  other  species, 
from  Central  Asia.  Six  species  are  known  from  Europe,  in  addition  to 
the  one  described  above,  and  of  these  four  occur  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula. 
The  nearest  genus  is  Cynoglossum ,  from  which  Solenanthus  differs 
chiefly  in  the  exserted  stamens.  Several  species  now  included  in  the 
latter,  including  S.  apenninus  (L.)  Hohenack.,  the  longest  known  species, 
have  at  one  time  or  another  been  placed  in  Cynoglossum. 

The  above  description  has  been  prepared  from  the  material  at  Kew 
of  Alston  and  Sandwith  2072.  We  are  greatly  indebted  to  Prof. 
Bornmuller  for  the  loan  of  type  material.  This  has  enabled  a  com¬ 
parison  to  be  made  between  two  of  the  original  sheets  and  the  abundant 
Albanian  specimens.  The  material  sent  by  Prof.  Bornmuller  as  “  Typus 
herb.  Bomm.”  consists  of  “  nur  der  untere  und  oberste  Teil.”  Obviously 
the  plant  it  represents  was  a  very  robust  specimen.  No  extreme  base 
(rootstock)  is  present.  Prof.  Bornmuller  definitely  describes  the  plant 
as  “  biennis.”  It  is  not  possible  to  check  this  on  the  material  received 
on  loan  from  him.  Nor  is  it  possible  to  check  the  description  of  the 
habit  as  having  floriferous  branches  right  to  the  base  and  “  ergo  thyrsum 
uni  cum  maximum  latum  formante.”  This,  if  correct,  is  probably  a 
peculiarity  of  the  extremely  robust  individual  plant,  at  least  it  is  not 
found  in  Alston  and  S&ndwith’s  specimens.  Hayek  (Prodr.  FI.  Penins. 
Balcan.  ii.  52  :  1928)  keys  the  species  on  the  character  “  caulis  a 
basi  pyramidatum  ramosus  ramis  omnibus  floriferis  ”  as  contrasted 
with  “  caulis  a  medio  circiter  ramosus.”  This  is  unfortunate  since  the 
new  Albanian  material  comes  into  the  second  category. 

The  original  description  requires  a  number  of  modifications.  The 
shape  and  position  of  the  coronal  lobes  (“  fornices  ”)  as  given  by 
Bornmuller  do  not  agree  with  that  found  in  the  original  material.  In 
both  the  Macedonian  and  the  Albanian  plants  the  coronal  lobes  arise 


3 


just  at  or  less  than  0*5  ram.  above  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube,  and 
their  shape  is  certainly  not  ovate  narrowly  oblong-triangular  or  oblong 
linear  and  clavately  thickened  in  the  upper  part.  This  matter  is  of 
some  importance  since  Brand  (Pflanzenreich  IV.  252.  153  :  1921)  uses 
as  a  primary  character  in  his  key  the  position  of  the  coronal  lobes. 
For  S.  Biebersteinii ,  Brand  (l.c.  159)  describes  the  position  of  the  coronal 
lobes  as  “  ad  fauccm  affixi.”  There  is  a  certain  amount  of  fluctuation 
in  the  size  of  the  anthers  in  S.  scardicus ,  but  when  moistened  they  are 
decidedly  longer  than  (up  to  three  times  as  long  as)  0-5  mm.,  which  is 
the  length  given  by  Bornmuller. 

S.  Biebersteinii  DC.  (Prodr.  X.  165  :  1846),  a  species  of  the  Crimea 
and  Caucasus,  with  which  S.  scardicus  is  compared,  differs  specifically 
in  the  short  corolla  and  the  less  robust  habit.  S.  Reverchonii  Degen  from 
S.  Spain,  which  with  S.  Biebersteinii  and  S.  scardicus  shows  the  filaments 
long-adnate  to  the  upper  half  of  the  corolla-tube,  is  of  very  distinctive 


habit. 

The  other  species  of  Solemnthus  from  the  Balkan  Peninsula  appear 
to  be  quite  distinct  from  S.  scardicus.  S.  albanicus  Deg.  et  Bald.  (Magy. 
Bot.  Lap.  ii.  315  :  1903),  originally  described  (Nuov.  Giorn.  Bot.  Ital. 
vi.  337  :  1899)  as  a  species  of  Gynoglossum ,  is  known  only  from  northern 
Epirus  “  in  aridis  alpestribus  ad  fortem  Bofcikopoulon  district.  Pogoni.5, 
It  is  characterized  (and  differentiated  from  S.  scardicus)  inter  alia  by 
the  nearly  sessile  fruiting  calyx.  S.  starnineus  (Desf.)  Wettst.  ap. 
Stapf  in  Denkschr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Math.-Naturw.  Kl.  1.  88  (1885)  is 
known  from  eastern  Anatolia,  Armenia,  Syria,  Iraq  and  northern  and 
western  Persia.  Halacsy  (in  Magy.  Bot.  Lap.  iv.  259  :  1905  and 
p0nsP-  Fl.  Graec.  Suppl.  i.  77  :  1908)  records  it  from  Mt.  Chelmos  in 
^reece  “  supra  Sudena  Achaiae.”  This  record  needs  confirmation. 

s}wnineus  differs  from  S.  scardicus  in  many  characters  including  the 
position  of  the  coronal  lobes  and  the  freedom  of  the  filaments.  S.  apen - 
ninus  (L.)  Hohenack.  has  a  fairly  wide  distribution  in  the  Italian 
Peninsula,  from  the  south  to  between  42°  and  43°  N.,  and  in  northern 
oicily.  Early  records  for  Corfu  and  Zacynthos  have  been  questioned, 
but  Hayek  (in  Denkschr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Math.-Naturw.  Kl. 
^oix.  156  :  1924)  gives  it  for  Albania  “  zwischen  Buchengebiisch  am 
Westabhange  des  PaStrik,  zirka  1700  m.”  The  position  of  the  coronal 
^obes  in  S.  apenninus  is,  as  in  S.  scardicus ,  at  the  middle  of  the  corolla- 
J*.  It  differs  in  the  less  exserted  anthers  and  in  the  elevated 

margm  to  the  uutlets  ^ 

a  n  sc^^cus  has  been  described  above  as  biennial  or  perennial  with 
Mes  8  Ti1  mark  hidicating  that  some  doubt  is  felt  on  this  point. 
Prev,rS  A  stou  anc*  Sandwith'did  not  notice  any  old  fruiting  stems  of 
ou  1Qus  years  on  the  plants  of  which  material  was  collected  and  which 
hand^lT ^expect  to  find  on  a  robust  perennial  herb.  On  the  other 
Pro!  }]le  f  ro°t8l°ck  ”  is  thick  and  bears  sometimes  at  least  two  and 
the  *1  ^  °^en  Several  more  stems.  If  they  are  not  perennials  some  of 
con  are  unusual  habit  for  biennials.  The  inflorescence  varies 

Sl  erably,  especially  with  age.  The  lower  half  or  more  of  the  stem 


4 


is  foliaceous,  but  has  (in  all  the  material  seen)  no  axillary  branches  to 
the  rather  crowded  leaves.  Usually  a  little  above  the  middle  of  the  stem, 
the  leaves  subtend  branches  which  bear  the  flowers  either  directly  or 
more  often  after  a  little  further  branching.  In  young  plants  the  whole 
inflorescence  is  dense,  with  the  branches  much  shorter  than  the  leaves, 
but  in  older  plants,  or  on  older  stems,  the  branches  have  elongated 
to  give  the  appearance  of  a  rather  loose  panicle. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Fig.  1,  whole  plant,  x  J ;  2,  upper  part  of  flowering  plant,  natural  size; 
3,  flowering  calyx,  x  4  ;  4,  corolla  laid  open,  showing  the  coronal  lobes  andandroe- 
cium,  x  4  ;  5,  portion  of  corolla  from  outside,  x  4  ;  6,  immature  fruit  and  fruiting 
calyx,  x  2;  7,  nutlet,  outer  (upper)  surface,  x  3;  8,  nutlet,  inner  (lower)  surface, 
x  3;  9,  marginal  glochidia  of  nutlet,  x  16. 


Tabula  3279. 

ALLIUM  BORNMULLERI  Hayek. 
Liliaceae.  Tribus  Allieae. 


A.  Bornmulleri  Hayek  in  Fedde,  Report.  Spec.  Nov.  xxi.  260  (1925) 
et  Prodr.  FI.  Pcnins.  Balcan.  iii.  48  (1932) ;  Bornmuller  in  En<d.  Bot. 
Jahrb.  Beibl.  140,  142  (1928);  ab  A.  moschato  L.  floribus  minoribus 
tepalis  roseo-purpureis,  filamentis  tepalis  subaequilongis  differt  ’ 


infeme  in  tertia  parte  toliatus,  teres,  in  siccitate  longitudinaliter 
striatus.  Folia  angustissime  linearia,  1-5-3  cm.  longa  0-75-1 
lata,  canaliculate,  marginc  anguste  membranacca  ciliata’  nervis  lomd- 
tudinalibus  breviter  pubescentibus,  vaginis  brevity  i 

centibus.  Spalha  bivalvis,  valvis  inferno  ovnfr  1  1  ^  0  Pu^,es" 

leviter  dilatatis  Pcrigonium  ovatum,  tepalis  anguste  Siiptids  an  ce 
obtusis  4  mm.  longis  1-6  mm  latis  mlli,te  *  wnpncis  apice 

dorso  praecipue  infcrne  crinatis.  a»gSPeWtort 

brevissime  oblongum,  1-8  mm.  longum  lTmm  di,  °V(!num}  ambltu 
papillosum  ;  stylus  0  •  8  mm .  longis.  ’  diametro,  densissime 

above  the  town^’Miin  m-’ bmestone  rochs  on  mountains 

me  town,  27  June  1932,  Alston  and  Sandwith  1017. 

iSt*8  brn  drf Wn  up  from  ^ston  and  Sandwith’s 
Allows  the  Wo, ?  dlSers  r0m,the  orl«lnal  description  of  Hayek  as 
°f  short  but  distinct  W  *  C1J bated  (not  scabnd)  margin,  and  have  lines 
(convex)  surfaep  i  ^  a*on£  tbe  longitudinal  nerves  on  the  lower 
by  Hayek)  •  +hoV  *  r>U  e8<i?nt  deaths  (the  sheaths  are  not  mentioned 
are  Purple  (not  8  are  obtuse  (not  shortly  acuminate) ;  the  anthers 
dried  flowers  in^T  ’a  *\18  P088*ble  that  Hayek  described  only  the 
’  lcb  ^he  tepals  appear  to  be  shortly  acuminate  and 


2 


the  anthers  are  covered  with  pale  yellow  pollen.  If,  on  the  other 
hand,  Hayek  has  correctly  described  the  characters  and  these  be 
stable,  then  Alston  and  Sand  with ’s  plant  probably  represents  a  new 
species. 

Hayek’s  material  was  collected  by  Vandas  at  GaliSan  near  Drenovo 
and  on  the  Koziak  east  of  Prilep.  Bornmuller  quotes  in  addition 
specimens  from  near  Trojaci  (Nikoloff)  and  Lubenica  (Herzog).  The 
above  localities  are  all  in  North  (Serbian)  Macedonia,  or  Vardar  as  it  is 
now  termed.  Alston  and  Sandwith’s  material  is  from  South  (Greek) 
Macedonia,  about  100  km.  to  the  south  of  Prilep. — W.  B.  Turrill. 

Pig.  1,  entire  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  leaf,  x  3 ;  3,  portion  of  leaf  from  adaxial 
side,  above  sheath,  x  16  ;  4,  same  from  abaxialside,  x  16  ;  5,  same,  transverse 
section,  x  16  ;  6,  three  tepals,  showing  outer  surfaces,  x  6  ;  7,  three  tepals  and 
three  stamens,  from  inside,  x  6;  8,  gynoecium,  x  6. 


3280 


Tabula  3280. 

BRACHYPODIUM  SERPENTINI  C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Fbstuceae. 


B.  serpentini  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  species  nova,  affinitate  nulla  obvia 
culmis  simplicibus  et  innovationibus  intravaginalibus  dense  caespitosis’ 
foliorum  innovationum  vaginis  nmrginibus  connatis,  larainis  setaceis 
filiformibus  conduplicatis  vel  involutis,  spiculis  imbricatis  pallidis 
5-8-floris,  rhachilla  minute  pubescente,  lcmmatibus  arete  imbricatis 
acutis  5  -6-nervibus,  paleis  lemmatibus  multo  brevioribus  distinguenda 


Gramen  perenne,  dense  caespitosum,  usque  ad  40  cm.  altum  innova¬ 
tionibus  intravaginalibus  basi  paidlo  incrassatis.  Culmi  erecti  vel  leviter 
gemculati  graciles,  simphces,  2-3-nodes,  nodis  purpurcis,  glabri  vel 
minute  pubescentes,  laeves.  Folia  plerumque  basalia,  glauco-viridia 
vagmae  apicem  versus  asperulae  vel  laeves,  glabrae  ;  iliac  innovationum 
purpureae,  persistentes,  marginibus  comiatis ;  illae  culmorum  S 
appressae,  teretes,  mternodiis  multo  breviores,  marginibus  Uberis 
ligulae  brevissimae,  truncatae ;  laminae  filiformes  setaceae 2 
acutae  usque  ad  12  cm.  longae,  conduplicatae  vel  involutae  et  usque  ad 
0  5  mm.  latae,  rigidiusculae,  arcuatae,  extra  glabrae,  intus  minute 
puberulae,  canna  et  marginibus  plus  minusve  scaberulae.  Racemus 
erectus  ve  m  exemplis  siccis  leviter  curvatus,  4-5-G-5  cm.  lonZ 
>  14  spiculatus  rhachis  gracillima,  glabra,  laevis,  intemodiis  5-8  mm’ 
ng  s  ,  pedicelli  fere  obsolete  Spiculae  lineari-lanceolatae  vellineari- 
b  o  gae  cyhndncae  demum  eviter  lateraliter  compressae,  erectae, 

viddes4  nit'i  ?1  ga°’  rf  IUm-  latfC’  fere  Slabrac>  &  8-florae,  albido- 
lev  ter  asvn  ddiae'  <W“W?C  exPlanatae  elliptico-oblongae,  acutae, 
"  cor“cete*  marginibus  angustis  mcmbranaceis, 

„  •  ersus  Carina  scaberula,  extra  microscopice  punctatae,  intus 
microscop, ce  strigosae  ;  inferior  7-8  mm.  longa,  3-nervis  ;  superior 
imbrino*-'  °n^aj  (luinqueneryi8  usque  subseptemnervis.  Lemmata  arete 
lorum  ta’-  exPlanata  elbptico-oblonga  vel  oblonga,  acuta,  12-9  mm. 
miir  ’  cor!acea>  marginibus  angustis  membranaceis,  5-6-nervia,  extra 
aristnSC0^1Ceo  Puactata>  mtus  microscopice  strigosa,  apice  aristata, 
cpn+;.  11  ^  ^  ^  mm*  ;  internodia  rhachillac  minute  pubes- 

bil*’  mm‘  l°n8a*  Paleae  oblanceolato-oblongae,  obtusae,  minute 
>ae,  usque  ad  6*5  mm.  longae,  intus  microscopice  strigosae,  carinis 


2 


superne  rigide  ciliolatis.  Lodiculae  cireiter  1*5  mm.  longae,  superne 
minute  pubescentes.  Antherae  3-3*5  mm.  longae,  oblongo-linearca. 
Ovarium  apice  dense  villosulum.  Caryopsis  oblanceolato-oblonga, 
4-5  mm.  longa. 

Albania.  Slopes  above  Voskopoj  (Moskopole),  west  of  Korije,  on 
serpentine  rock  in  gully,  1200  m.,  July  1933,  Alston  ayid  Sandwith  2016 
(type) ;  ibid.,  in  a  neighbouring  gully,  August  1935,  Alston  and 
Sandwith  2708  ;  near  Gjergjevice,  west  of  Kortje,  on  serpentine  rocks 
in  a  deep  gorge,  1200-1400  m.,  August  1935,  Alston  and  Sandwith 
2584  ;  Boboshtice,  south  of  Kor^e,  abundant  on  serpentine  rocks  in 
a  narrow  ravine  at  the  base  of  mountains  behind  the  village,  900  m., 
August  1935,  Alston  and  Sandwith  2704. 

The  following  note  on  the  habitat  of  this  grass  has  been  contributed 
by  the  collectors :  “The  grass  grows  abundantly  in  three  of  the 
ravines  which  descend  to  the  village  of  Voskopoj  from  the  mountains 
rising  immediately  to  the  south-west.  These  mountains  are  of  the 
serpentine  formation  ;  their  slopes  arc  mostly  bare  and  stony,  except 
for  scattered  pine  trees  and  bushes  of  juniper  and  box.  They  possess 
an  interesting  flora  of  rare  and  local  species  which  are  mainly  confined 
to  the  serpentine ;  for  example,  Gypsophila  spcrgulifolia  Griseb., 
Linum  hologynum  Reichb.,  Fumana  Bonapartei  Maire  et  Petitm., 
Minuartia  Baldacoii  (Hal.)  Mattf.,  Thymus  teucrioides  Boiss.  et  Sprun., 
Centaurea  ptarmicifolia  Hal.  ex  Hayek  (C.  epirotica  Hal.,  non  C.  epirota 
Hal.).  Streams  rush  down  the  gullies  and  are  bordered  by  masses  of 
the  pale  lilac  flowers  of  Pinguicula  hirtijlora  Ten.  The  Brachypodium 
grows  on  undisturbed  serpentine  rock  along  the  stream-beds  of  these 
gullies,  but  it  was  also  traced  as  far  up  as  the  summits  of  the  mountains 
at.  their  head,  and  here  it  attains  an  altitude  of  about  1500  m.  The 
grass  reappears  in  the  serpentine  gorge  east  of  Gjergjevice,  about 
three  miles  south  of  Voskopoj .  Finally,  it  was  found  in  great  abundance 
in  an  exactly  similar  habitat,  but  at  a  lower  altitude,  near  Boboshtice, 
south  of  Kor^e.  This  locality  extends  the  distribution  of  the  species 
considerably,  since  it  lies  at  the  base  of  the  Morova  Planina  and  is 
separated  from  the  Voskopoj  mountains  by  the  plain  of  Kor^e ;  the 
distance  from  Voskopoj  must  be  at  least  twelve  miles  as  the  crow  flies. 
It  was  noticed  that  the  Brachypodium  is  found  only  on  bare,  untouched, 
serpentine  rock,  where  it  grows  in  great  abundance  and  is  frequently  un¬ 
accompanied  by  any  other  species  of  phanerogam  ;  it  was  never  seen  on 
loose  rubble,  nor  does  it  grow  on  the  sandstones  of  neighbouring  slopes. 

Other  grasses  found  associated  with  it  in  August  1935,  and  not  yet 
identified,  were  species  of  Sesleria ,  Agrostis,  Avcnastrum,  Molinia , 
Koeleria ,  Poa ,  Bromus ,  Fcstuca  and  Brachypodium  (possibly  B.  pi 
natum).  The  area  in  which  this  species  grows  had  not  previously  been 
explored  by  botanical  collectors,  although  the  serpentine  region  (Kamia, 

1  opit)  lying  only  a  day’s  journey  to  the  north  has  been  visited  by 
.Markgraf  and  by  Bourcart.” 


3 


Brachypodium  serpcntini  C.  E.  Hubbard  does  not  show  obvious 
affinity  with  any  other  species  of  the  genus.  Its  densely  caespitose 
habit,  very  short  rhizomes,  simple  culms,  entire  leaf-sheaths  of  the 
innovations,  setaceous  filiform  leaf-blades,  pallid  spikelets,  minutely 
pubescent  rhachilla,  and  5-6-nerved  lemmas  serve  to  distinguish  it 
readily  from  the  five  species  recorded  by  Hayek  from  the  Balkan 
Peninsula  (see  Hayek,  Prodr.  FI.  Penins.  Balcan.  in  Fedde,  Repert. 
Beih.  xxx.  No.  3,  216-218:  1933).  If  the  inflorescence  be  excluded, 
then  B.  serpcntini  bears  a  distinct  resemblance  to  certain  species  of 
Festucdj  more  especially  to  those  of  sect.  Variae  Hack.  The  caespi¬ 
tose  habit,  the  anatomical  structure  of  the  leaf-blade,  and  the  entire 
sheaths  of  the  innovations  are  characters  often  met  with  in  species  of 
that  genus,  whilst  the  colour  of  the  spikelets,  texture  of  glumes  and 
lemmas,  are  somewhat  similar  to  those  of  F.  jlavescens  Bell.  The 
inflorescence  is,  however,  that  of  a  typical  Brachypodium.  The  type- 
specimen  is  in  the  flowering  condition,  but  mature  racemes  were 
gathered  in  1935  by  Messrs.  Alston  and  Sandwith.  In  these  only  a 
small  percentage  of  the  florets  contained  caryopses  and  in  quite  a 
number  of  cases  the  anthers  had  been  only  partially  exserted.  It 
seems  probable  that  the  scarcity  of  seed  and  the  non-completion 
of  anthesis  were  connected  with  the  prolonged  drought  during  the 
summer  of  1935.  The  few  caryopses  available  are  somewhat  similar 
to  those  of  other  species  of  Brachypodium.  They  possess  the  same 
elongated  linear  hilum,  whilst  the  starch  grains  are  simple  and  rounded 
and  thus  characteristic  of  the  subtribe  Brachypodinae. 

Saint- Yves  in  his  Contribution  h  l’Etude  des  Brachypodium  (Europe 
et  Region  mediterraneenne)  ”  (Candollea,  v.  427-493 :  1934)  has  adopted 
Ascherson  and  Graebner’s  (Syn.  Mitteleurop.  FI.  ii.  I  631-640  •  1901) 
division  of  the  genus  into  two  sections,  I.  Eu- Brachypodium  Aschers.  et 
Gracbn.  (l.c.  631:  1901)  and  II.  Trachynia  (Link)  Nym.  (Consp  FI 
Europ.  843:  1882),  whilst  Rouy  (FI.  France,  xiv.  294-295-  1913) 

SsiTaS,?S  -bS-eru.  'Recently  Nevski  (in  Komarov' 
1 1.  URSS  n.  596  :  1934  and  in  Acta  Umv.  Asiae  Mediae,  ser.  8b,  Bot., 
lasc.  17,  36 .  1934)  has  proceeded  a  stage  further  and  on  account  of 
cytological  and  morphological  differences  has  revived  the  <*enus 
irachyma  Link,  restricting  Brachypodium  to  the  sect.  Eu- Brachy¬ 
podium  Aschers  et  Gracbn.  This  section  (sensu  Aschers.  et  Graebn.) 
ne  iias  subdivided  into  two  sections,  I.  Leptorhachis  Nevski  (l.c.  36) 
J.1 1  A‘  the  former  containing  caespitose  species, 

in  <lS  • 'Sylvaticuvn  (Huds.)  R.  et  S.,  with  abbreviated  rhizomes  and 
a r  «a"  ne(A  ernmas>  au^  latter  more  or  less  caespitose  species,  such 
or  'P]nna'tum  (L.)  Beauv.,  with  creeping  rhizomes  and  shortly  awned 
of  pU  1/°US  Whether  Trachynia  Link  is  treated  as  a  section 

our  rClC  iyP°.um,  or  as  a  distinct  genus  does  not  concern  us  here,  as 
r el at^eW  *Pocles  *,s  so  very  different,  but  it  is  necessary  to  consider  the 

°1  ^h©  letter  to  the  sections  Leptoriiachis  and  Eu-Brachy- 
an nrfT\  ^  caesPltose  habit  and  abbreviated  rhizomes  B.  serpentini 
I  oac  es  sect.  Leptorhachis ,  whilst  the  short-awned  lemmas  resemble 


those  of  sect.  Eu-Br achy  podium.  Our  plant  differs,  however,  in  so 
many  respects  from  either  that  it  is  proposed  to  treat  it  as  the  basis  of 
a  new  section,  Brachypodium  sect.  Festucopsis  C.  E.  Hubbard.  The 
Latin  specific  diagnosis  given  above  will  serve  also  ‘as  a  sectional 
description. — C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  transverse  section  of  leaf- blade,  x  96 ;  3,  ligule, 
x  18 ;  4,  lower  glume,  x  6  ;  5,  upper  glume,  x  6  ;  6,  floret,  side  view,  x  6 ; 
7,  lemma,  x  6 ;  8,  palea,  x  6;  9,  internode  of  rhachilla,  x  12;  10,  lodicules 
and  stamens,  x  6  ;  11,  lodicules,  x  8  ,*  12,  ovary,  x  18. 


1 


J281 


Tabula  3281. 

COSTERA  CYCLOPHYLLA  ( Airy-Shaw )  J .  J.  Smith  el  Airy-Shaw. 

Ericaceae.  Tribus  Thibaudieae. 

C.  cyclophylla  ( Airy-Shaw )  J.  J.  Smith  el  Airy-Shaw,  comb.  nov. 
Cymothoe  cyclophylla  Airy-Shaw  in  Kew  Bull.  1935, 151. — A  C.  ovalifoUa 
J.  J.  Smith,  foliis  plerumque  suborbicularibus  basi  auriculato-cordatis. 
floribus  tetrameris,  calycis  dentibus  haud  glanduloso-apiculatis,  corolla 
alte  sympetala,  androecio  diplostemono,  seminibus  numerosis  recedit. 

Frulex  parvus,  saepe  epiphyticus,  laxc  subscandens,  2-3  m.  altus, 
totus  glaber.  Ramuli  rigidi,  parce  et  irrcgulariter  ramosi,  optime 
teretes,  usque  4  mm.  diametro,  corticc  vetustiore  cinereo  juniore 
castaneo.  Folia  alterna,  suborbicularia,  multo  rarius  latissime  ovata 
vel  elhptico-ovata,  5-12  cm.  diametro  (rarius  5-5-6-5  cm.  lon<m  et 
4-6  cm  lata),  basi  rotundata  usque  cordata  et  saepe  auriculato-imbri- 
cata  velut  amplexicaulia,  auriculis  magnis  rotundatis,  apice  optime 
rotundata  vel  levissime  retuso-truncata,  margine  piano  integerrimo 
.ma  basi  juxta  petiolum  glandula  unica  hydathodiiformi  utrinque 
praedito,  ngide  conacea,  persistentia,  paginis  inter  se  simillimis  sed 
plerumque  supenore  nitidula  inferiore  obscura ;  costa  et  nervi  utrinque 
elevati ;  nervi  pnmani  utroque  latere  costae  3-4,  ab  ima  basi  ejus  palma- 
tim  orti,  quam  costa  vix  tenuiores,  marginem  versus  late  arcuati  atque 
vane  sed  regulanter  anastomosantes  ;  nervi  secundarii  a  costa  superne 
pinnatim  orti  et  a  nervis  primariis  latere  exteriore  orti  cum  proximo 
nervo  pnmano  anastomosantes;  venuli  ultimi  manifeste  et  crebre 
reticu  ati ;  petioli  brevissiirii,  subnulli  usque  7  mm.  longi,  robusti,  basi 
tl  lcu  a  '}•  ^  valde  irregulariter  editi,  axillares  vel  saepe  manifeste 
‘  x  ra-axillares,  interdum  ut  videtur  e  ramis  propriis  aphyllis  graciliori- 
>Us  orJ  lf  f&sciculati  (pedunculo  obsoleto),  fasciculis  1-2-floris  basi  pcrulis 
nonnullis  minutis  fuscis  suffultis  ;  pedicelli  gracillimi,  1-2*7  cm.  longi, 
j  u.o  supra  basin  bracteolis  binis  ovato-oblongis  acutis  vix  1  mm. 
ongis  saepe  unilateraliter  connatis  plus  minus  adpressis  instructi, 
pice  sensim  incrassati,  in  ovarium  sine  articulo  transeuntes,  glaberrimi, 
a  astro  apice  cernui,  sub  anthesi  stricti.  Ovarium  4-loculare,  sub 
breviter  oblongum,  1-1*5  mm.  longum  et  latum,  glabrum, 
1^  *  u  um »  P^centae  axiles,  ovulis  numerosis.  Calyx  breviter  et 
a  cuPularis,  1-2  mm.  longus,  brevissime  et  latissime  4-dentatus, 


2 


subcoriaceus,  glaber,  nitidulus,  lobis  latissime  triangularibus  subcus- 
pidatis  acutiusculis  basi  1*5-2  mm.  latis.  Corolla  alabastro  conico- 
oblonga,  sub  anthesi  infundibulari-campanulata,  6-7  mm.  longa,  rosea, 
glabra  :  tubus  circiter  4  mm.  longus  ;  lobi  deltoideo-ovati,  subobtusi, 
2-3  mm.  longi  et  basi  subaequilati,  aestivatione  imbricati,  sub  anthesi 
erecti.  Stamina  8,  inclusa,  aequalia,  tota  circiter  5  mm.  longa ;  filamenta 
applanata,  circiter  2  mm.  longa,  inter  se  libera,  aequilonga,  ima  basi 
corollae  adnata,  marginibus  praecipue  superne  longe  ciliata,  ciliis 
adscendentibus  ;  antherae  lineari-lanceolatae,  3-4  mm.  longae,  paullo 
supra  basin  dorsifixae,  basi  obtusae,  papillosae,  dorso  ecalcaratae,  in 
rostra  omnino  libera  teretia  obtusiuscula  poro  apicali  oblongo  introrso 
dehiscentia  sensim  angustatae.  Discus  inconspicuus,  annularis,  integer. 
Stylus  raodice  gracilis,  5-6  mm.  longus,  teres,  glaber,  stigmate  truncato 
vel  obscure  4-lobo.  Fructus  maturus  bre viter  ovoideus,  4-5  mm. 
diametro,  obsolete  4-locularis,  loculis  circiter  15-spermis,  calyce  per- 
sistente  erecto  vel  incurvo  coronatus,  ut  videtur  clurus,  subexsuccus. 
Semina  obtuse  angulata,  1-1*5  mm.  longa,  0*5-1  mm.  lata,  testa  laete 
castanea  pulcherrime  foveolato-reticulata. 

Sarawak.  In  moss-forest,  Dulit  Ridge,  1230  m.,  12  Sept.  1932, 
Richards  1740  : — “  Small  woody  scrambler,  about  3  m.  long.  Flowers 
mauvish-pink.  Leaves  thick  and  leathery. ”  In  white-sand  forest, 
Ulu  Koyan,  900  m.,  15  Sept.  1932,  Richards  1829  : — “  Straggling  shrub. 
Oorolla  pink,  conical. ”  Open  moss-forest  on  exposed  peak,  Dulit 
Ridge  (commoner  in  shady  moss-forest),  1100  m.,  17  Sept.  1932, 
Richards  1890  (type) : — “  Straggling  woody  climber,  often  epiphytic, 
about  2  m.  high.  Corolla  pink.” 

This  striking  plant  was  recently  described  (Kew  Bull.,  l.c.)  as  the 
type  of  a  new  genus,  distinct  both  from  Costera  and  from  the  Philippine 
Iaera  H.  F.  Copeland.  Dr.  J.  J.  Smith,  however,  informs  the  writer 
that  he  has  received  material  of  several  new  species,  exhibiting  com¬ 
binations  of  characters  which  manifestly  break  down  the  supposed 
generic  distinctions  between  Costera,  Iaera  and  Cymothoe.  A  paper 
on  Costera  (sensu  lato)  by  Dr.  Smith  will  shortly  be  published  in  the 
Buitenzorg  Bulletin  :  it  is  therefore  unnecessary  to  go  into  further 
details  here.  The  writer  is  much  indebted  to  Dr.  Smith  for  bringing 
the  matter  to  his  notice  and  for  kindly  proposing  to  make  the  necessary 
transferences  under  joint  authorship. 

Some  justification  may  be  offered  for  referring  this  genus  to  the 
1  hibaudieae,  the  better-known  and  more  “  typical  ”  members  of  which 
have  large,  conspicuous,  brightly  coloured  flowers.  There  seems  little 
doubt  that  we  arc  dealing  with  a  much  reduced  type,  whose  evolution 
may  be  illustrated  (and  possibly  more  or  less  indirectly  represented) 
by  the  series  Thibaudia — T hemistoclesia — Sphyrospermum — Costera,  etc. 
The  feature  which  at  once  singles  out  this  line  of  development  from  the 
great  bulk  of  the  tribe  is  the  absence  of  the  characteristic  articulation 
between  pedicel  and  ovary.  Costera  (inch  Iaera  and  Cymothoe)  is  the 


3 


only  Old  World  genus  so  characterized,  and  therefore,  from  a  phyto- 
geographical  point  of  view,  extremely  interesting.  For  a  fuller  dis¬ 
cussion  of  some  of  the  problems  raised,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the 
original  paper  by  the  writer  in  the  Kew  Bulletin  (l.c.  supra). 

H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 

Fig.  1,  part  of  flowering  branch  (from  type  specimen),  natural  size ;  2,  leaf, 
lower  surface,  showing  auricled  base,  from  Richards  1740,  natural  size ;  3,  calyx, 

*  4  ;  4,  corolla  and  androecium,  x  4 ;  5,  stamen,  adaxial  view,  x  8;  6,  the  same, 
lateral  view,  x  8;  7,  flower  in  longitudinal  section,  corolla  and  stamens  removed, 

*  ® »  8,  fruit,  showing  partlv  connate  bracteoles  at  base  of  pedicel,  x  2  • 
9. seed,  x  16. 


3262 


Tabula  3282. 

JASMINUM  PELLUCIDUM  Airy-Skmv. 
Oleaceae.  Tribus  Jasmineae. 


J.  (§  Unifoliolata)  pellucidum  Airy-Shaw;  species  nova  e  grege 
J.  Cumingii  Merr.,  J.  apoensis  Merr.,  J.  cramfolii  Bl.,  et  fortasse 
J.  sarawacensis  King  et  Gamble,  a  quibus  foliis  exsiccando  tenuiter 
sed  firmc  membranaceis  translucentibus  (fere  Hymenophylli  ad  instar), 
venulis  pulcherrime  reticulatis,  ultimis  abmpte  terminantibus  inflores- 
centia  longe  et  laxe  thyrsoidea  abunde  distincta. 


Frutex  scandens,  ramis  sat  gracilibus  2-3  mm.  diametro  teretibus  vel 
subtuissime  stnolatis,  cortice  griseo  usque  subcastaneo  slabro  Folia 
ovato-lanceolata,  10-14  cm.  longa,  3-5  cm.  (raro  usque  6-5  cm.)  late 
basi  rotundata  usque  subcuneata,  apice  acuminata  acuta,  margine 
integemma  saepe  revoluta,  tenuiter  sed  firme  mcmbrana^a,  aureo- 
brunneo-translucentia,  glabermna,  juniora  nitida ;  costa  Gracilis  infra 
prominens,  supra  impressa nervi  lateralcs  utrinque  6-9,  saepe  ub- 
oppositx,  a  costa  angulo  45  -60°  orti,  prope  margincm  anastomoses 
axillis  infra  brevissune  barbatis,  venulis  ultimis  pulcherrime  reticulatis 
abrupte  quasi  praesectis  utraque  pagina  prominulis,  mesophyllo  siccitate 
pel  ucido  mmutissime  punctato ;  petioli  1-2  cm.  Iongi.  Injlorescentiae 
axdlares,  nonnunquam  c  gemmis  serialibus  ortae,  anguste  thyrsoideae, 
longitudine  valdc  variables,  5-40  cm.  (plerumque  10-20  cm.)  longae 

bStae’  ?  ,ln  !rl0rc  quarta  usque  diniidia  eramosae,  superne 
bretuter  et  regulanter  ramosac,  sub  lente  minutissime  puberulae ; 

W;  1t°P?T  1  J®  suboppositi,  patuli  usque  fere  patentes,  1-2  cm. 

cvmnls,r!Si  biaCtCa  su*)lllato-filiformi  4-9  mm.  longa  suffulti,  apice 
flam  triflosam  regulanter  gerentes ;  cymulae  bracteis  binis  fili- 

tnt H  QUr  2  '  lon?ls  sufflllti ;  pedicelli  5-6  mm.  Iongi.  Calyx 

j:.®  ,  0  mn\-  longus,  minutissime  puberulus  :  tubus  cupularis,  2-3  ram. 
n  °  T  V  c  en^?8  ^kulato-filiformcs,  tubo  subaequilongi.  Corolla 
1  rrf*  )ra  ’  ^UVUS  anguste  cvlindricus,  1-8-2  *3  cm.  longus,  circiter 
1  * ( lai.netro »  ^lriibi  5-8-partitisegmenta  oblongo-elliptica,  1-1-4  cm. 

utrln9Je  angustata,  apice  acutissima,  pagina  superiore  siccitate 
m  r  a^lc?*  2  :  filamenta  filiformia,  circiter  2  mm.  longa, 

e(  10  ubo  corollae  inserta,  glabra  ;  antherae  anguste  oblongae,  2  mm. 
^ae*  Dlm-  latae,  utrinque  obtusae  vel  apice  subcuspidatae, 


2 


glabrae,  thecis  lateraliter  dehiscentibus.  Ovarium  oblongum,  vix  1  mm. 
ongum  et  latum,  apice  truncatum,  glabrum.  Stylus  clavajus,  4-6  mm. 
Jongus,  glaber.  Fructus  ignotus. 

Sarawak.  Baram  District,  Entoyut  River,  Nov.  1894,  Hose  419. 
Dulit,  in  secondary  forest,  under  300  m.,  Aug.  1932,  Richards  1385 
(type) “  Woody  climber  on  tree  15  m.  high.  Flowers  pure  white.” 
renompok,  1500  m.,  March  1932,  J.  &  M.  S.  Clemens  30299:— 
FIs.  white.” 


The  remarkable  translucency  of  the  leaves  (at  least  when  dried), 
and  the  long  narrow  thyrses,  at  once  mark  off  this  species  from  its 
nearest  allies.  It  appears  to  be  most  closely  related  to  the  Philippine 
J .  Cumingii  Merr.,  which  differs  in  its  broadly  ovate  leaves,  almost 
truncate  at  the  base,  and  in  its  much  shorter  inflorescences.  The 
reticulations  of  the  ultimate  veinlets  in  the  present  species,  and  their 
abrupt  terminations,  are  extremely  beautiful  when  seen  under  a  lens  by 
transmitted  light  against  the  golden-brown  of  the  pellucid  mesophyll. 

H.  K.  Airy-Shaw. 

Fio.  1,  flowering  branch,  showing  habit,  x  J;  2,  leaf,  lower  surface,  natural  size  ; 
3,  portion  of  leaf,  lower  surface,  showing  venation,  x  6  ;  4,  part  of  inflorescence, 
natural  size. ;  5,  calyx  and  style,  x  6  ;  6,  corolla,  opened  out,  showing  stamens,  x  2 ; 
7,  stamen,  adaxial  view,  x  6;  8,  gynoecium,  x  6. 


j 


J283 


Tabula  3283. 

HETERACHNE  ABORTIVA  (R.  Hr.)  Bruce. 
Gramineae.  Tribus  Eragrosteae. 


H.  abortiva  ( R .  Br.)  Bruce  in  Rep.  Bot.  Exch.  Club  Brit.  Isles,  1916 
627  (1917).  Poa  abortiva  R.  Br.  Prodr.  181  (1810).  Heterachne  Brownii 
Benth.  in  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  xiii.  40  (1877) ;  FI.  Austral,  vii.  635  (1878)  • 
F.  M.  Bailey,  Syn.  Queensl.  FI.  667  (1883) ;  Queens).  FI.  vi.  1909  t  86 
(1902) ;  Compreh.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  632  (1913) ;  Ewart  and  D’avies 
FI.  North.  Territ.  51  (1917).— Affinis  //.  Gulliveri  Benth.,  a  qua  spiculis 
late  oblongis  vel  late  ovatis  majoribus,  anthoeciis  sterilibus  plerumaue 
4-22  differt.  4 

Gramen  annuum.  Culmi  fasciculati  vel  solitarii,  erecti  vel  geniculati 
10-35  cm  alti,  graciles,  rigidi,  simplices  velramosi,  ramis  erectis  3-5- 
nodes,  glabri,  laevcs,  internodio  summo  (pedunculo)  usque  ad  7  cm  Wo 
Fohorum  vaginae  margimbus  ciliatae  et  ore  barbatae  vel  glaW 
laevesque ;  igulae  ad  senem  ciliorum  redacts e  ;  laminae  anguste 
lmeares,  acutae  5-16  cm.  longae,  arete  convolutae,  explanatae  usque 
ad  2  5  mm.  latae,  erectae  ngidae,  supra  laxe  vel  dense  pilosaevel 
g  abrae  et  scaberulae  subtus  laeves.  Panicula  anguste  oblonea 
oblonga  vel  elhptico-oblonga,  spiciformis,  densissima,  continua  vef  bSl 
leviter  interrupts,  1  -5-5  cm.  longa,  1-2  cm.  lata  ;  rhachis  glabra  ram 
breves,  dense  spiculati ;  pedicelli  brevissimi,  pilosi.  sSl’  aTte 
lmbricatae,  late  oblongae  vel  late  ovatae,  obtusae,  3-10^im  longae 
3  6  mm.  latae,  purpurascentes  vel  stramineae.  Glumae  ambitu  oblique 
ovatae,  acuminatae,  apice  obtusae  vel  acutae,  marginibus  ciliolatis 
canna  supernc  scaberula  ;  inferior  1-1  -5  mm.  longa  ;  superior  1  -8- 

anguX'ovS'vl1 nthoe°la  ferlilia  1-2;  lemmata  ambitu  oblique  et 

ngustc  ovata  vel  optime  ovata  vel  ovato-oblonga  obtusissima 

ffer^2,6-3;5  mm- longa>  ala  scabmila  vel  scabrido- 
Plerummm^o6  2~2’80mm'  longae>  ,alis  ciliolatis.  Anthoecia  sterilia 
fertilium  simiur  ri  arCtC  UI|br*cata ;  lemma  iis  anthoeciorum 
ovata  Vol  U  w  e,V!ter  anSustl°ra  Ct  plerumque  integra,  oblongo- 

(cxbZH,}'T  ApWA,'  Por*  n*rwi".  "ni-  23,  Schulu  302 
(Herb.  IVIus  ’b^  GrCek’  °n  gramte  rock  in  creek>  June  l886-  Lrn 


2 


Queensland.  Burke  District :  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Island  C, 
Nov.  1802,  Brown  6268  (type)  ;  Bentinck  Island,  June  1901,  Bailey 
K.  24  ;  Carron  Creek,  Armit.  Cook  District :  Musgrave,  Millar  K.  26. 

For  many  years  the  genus  Heterachne  B  ith.  (Hook.  Ic.  PI.  xiii.  39  : 
1877)  has  consisted  of  only  two  species  from  Northern  Australia  and 
Queensland,  namely,  II.  abortiva  (R.  Br.)  Druce  and  H.  Gulliveri  Benth. 
A  new  species,  H.  Baileyi  C.  E.  Hubbard,  is  now  added  and  also  a  variety 
of  II.  Gulliveri ,  both  from  Northern  Queensland.  It  has  accordingly 
been  considered  advisable  to  give  an  emended  description  of  H.  Gulliveri 
Benth.  and  a  key  to  the  three  species. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

Spikelets  broadly  oblong  or  broadly  ovate,  3-10  mm.  long,  3-6  mm. 
wide,  with  1-2  fertile  and  usually  4-22  sterile  florets,  the  latter  much 

exceeding  the  fertile  florets . 1.  H.  abortiva. 

Spikelets  orbicular,  ovate-orbicular  or  broadly  ovate,  with  1,  rarely 
2  fertile  and  2-5  sterile  florets,  the  latter  equalling  or  slightly 
exceeding  the  fertile  florets  : 

Lemmas  and  paleas  ciliate  : 

Spikelets  2-2-5  mm.  long  and  wide  ;  leaf-blades  0-5-1  mm.  in 
diameter  . . 2.  H.  Gulliveri . 

Spikelets  3-4  mm.  long  and  wide  ;  leaf-blades  opening  out  and 
up  to  3-5  mm.  wide . 2.  II.  Gulliveri ,  var.  major. 

Lemmas  and  paleas  quite  glabrous  ;  spikelets  3-3-5  mm.  long. 

3.  II.  Baileyi. 

1.  H.  abortiva  (R.  Br.)  Druce  (vide  supra). 

2.  H.  Gulliveri  Benth.  in  Hook.  Ic.  PI.  xiii.  39,  t.  1250  (1877) ;  FI. 
Austral,  vii.  635  ;  F.  M.  Bailey,  Syn.  Queensl.  FI.  667  (1883) ;  Quecnsl. 
FI.  vi.  1910  (1902) ;  Compreh.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  632  (1913) ;  Ewart  and 
Davies,  FI.  North.  Territ.  51  (1917). — Descriptio  hie  emendata. 

Gramen  annuum.  Culmi  laxe  caespitosi,  erecti  vel  leviter  geniculati, 
usque  ad  25  cm.  alti,  gracillimi,  filiformes,  rarnosi  vel  simpliccs,  2-3- 
nodes,  glabri,  laeves,  internodio  summo  (pedunculo)  usque  ad  14  cm ■ 
longo.  Foliorum  vaginae  vel  ore  bre viter  barbatae  et  marginibus 
ciliatae  vel  totae  glabrae  ;  ligulae  ad  seriem  ciliorum  redactae  ;  laminae 
filiformes,  setaceae,  siccitate  arete  convolutae,  3-5-12  cm.  longac, 
0-5-1  mm.  diametro,  rigidiusculae,  erectae,  extra  glabrae  laevesque, 
intus  sparse  pilosae.  Panicula  angusta,  interrupta,  2-7*5  cm.  longa., 
4-10  mm.  lata  ;  rhachis  gracillima,  glabra  ;  rami  dense  spiculati,  pilosi, 
inferiores  usque  ad  3  cm.  distantes  et  1  •  5  cm.  longi ;  pedicelli  brevissinn* 
dense  pilosi.  Spiculae  dense  imbricatae,  orbiculares,  2-2  •  5  mm.  longac 
et  latae,  purpurascentes.  Glumae  ambitu  oblique  ovatae,  obtusae  ve 
acutae,  marginibus  minute  ciliolatis,  carina  superne  minute  scaberula  , 


3 


inferior  1-1  *5  mm.  longa ;  superior  1-5-2  mm.  longa,  trinervis. 
Anthoecium  fertile  1  ;  lemma  ambitu  oblique  ovato-oblongum,  obtusis- 
simum,  apice  emarginatum  vel  breviter  bidentatum,  2-2-5  mm.  longum, 
ala  superne  minute  ciliolatum  ;  palea  1  -5-1-8  mm.  longa,  alis  ciliolatis. 
Anthoecia  sterilia  2-3  ;  lemrp  rta  ei  anthoecii  f ertilis  similia  sed  anguste 
ovato-oblonga  vel  anguste  obionga  ;  paleae  nullae.  Antherae  0-3  mm. 
longae.  Caryopsis  1  mm.  longa. 

Northern  Australia.  Settlement  Creek,  around  springs,  June 
1923,  Brass  371. 

Queensland.  Burke  District :  Normanton,  Gulliver ;  between 
Gilbert  and  Norman  Rivers,  Gulliver  (type).  Cook  District :  Etheridge 
River,  Armit . 


H.  Gulliveri  Benth .  var.  major  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  varietas  nova,  culmis 
plerumque  validioribus  et  saepe  altioribus,  ore  vaginarum  longe  barbato 
panicula  densiore  spiciformi,  spiculis  majoribus  a  typo  recedens. 

Culmi  erecti,  10-40  cm.  alti,  graciles,  rigidi,  2-4-nodes,  internodio 
summo  (pedunculo)  3-12  cm.  longo.  Foliorum  vaginae  marginibus  cili- 
atis,  ore  longe  barbato  ;  laminae  7-16  cm.  longae,  siccitate  convolutae 
vel  inf  erne  explanatae  et  usque  ad  3-5  mm.  latae,  erectae,  supra  laxe 
pilosae.  Panicula  lineari-lanceolata  vel  anguste  obionga  spiciformis 
densissima,  basin  versus  interrupta,  superne  plus  minusve  lobata’ 

3  12  cm.  longa,  4  17  mm.  lata  ;  rami  dense  pilosi,  inferiores  usque  ad 

4  cm.  distantes  et  2  cm  longae.  Spiculae  dense  imbricatae,  suborbi- 
cu  ares  vel  ovato-orbiculares,  3-4  mm.  longae  et  latae. 

vel  obtusae;  inferior  1-3-2  mm.  longa;  superior  2-2-8  l 
Anthoecium  fertile  1  (raro  2) ;  lemma  2-S-3-5  mm.  longum,  margbSs 
ct  ala  minute  ciliolatum  ;  palea  2-2-5  mm.  longa,  alis  dense  ciliokHs 
Anthoecia  sterilia  3-5 ;  lemmata  apice  ciliolata.  Antherae  0 •  3-0 •  5  mm ' 
longae.  Caryopsis  1-2-1  -5  mm.  longa.  o-u  omm. 

QuEEtfSLAND  Cook  District:  near  Chillagoe,  on  limestone  Feb 
,;  ]0’  D?!mn''  Forest  Home  Station,  Gilbert  River  on  hard  flats  on 

Srirf™3f'  Br,1838 ;  (ii"grt  k-».  piXs 

Oi?L Zl ,Tm,°A “  country'  Feb'  B,m  1716  M : 

as//e/S7e7CimeV0lir^ed^?  Domil1  at  Chillagoe  was  identified  by  him 
as  1L  todhwn  Benth.  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx.  409  (1915).  * 

foltmmBwyi-Ci  ?•  H?bbard  >  species  nova,  ab  H.  Gulliveri  Benth., 
majoribim  atlonhus»  pedicellis  minus  pilosis,  spiculis  glabris 

• ,  g  umis  angustionbus  acutis  longioribus  distinguenda. 

^quer\rnUUnJ;.  laxe  fasciculati,  erecti  vel  leviter  geniculati, 

internorlm  Cm*  a  graciles,  teretes,  ramosi,  4-6-nodes,  glabri,  laeves, 
summo  (pedunculo)  usque  ad  15  cm.  longo.  Foliorum 


4 


vaginae  laxae,  glabrae  laevesque  vel  sparse  pilosae  ;  ligulae  ad  seriem 
ciliorum  redactae  ;  laminae  lineares,  acutae,  usque  ad  7  cm.  longae 
et  3-5  mm.  latae,  planae  vel  siccitate  laxe  convolutae,  glabrae  vel  supra 
sparse  pilosae.  Panicula  lanceolata  vel  linearis,  interrupta,  usque  ad 
12  cm.  longa  et  2  cm.  lata  ;  rhachis  gracillima,  pilis  debilibus  patulis 
sparse  pilosa ;  rami  patentes,  arete  spiculati,  0*5-4  cm.  distantes, 
inferiores  usque  ad  3*5  cm.  longi ;  pedicelli  brevissimi,  breviter  pilosi. 
Spiculae  arete  imbricatae,  late  ovatae  vel  orbiculares,  3-3*5  mm. 
longae,  2-3*5  mm.  latae,  glabrae,  stramineae,  nervis  viridibus.  Glumae 
ambitu  lanceolatae  vel  anguste  ovatae,  subaequales,  1  *8-3  mm.  longae, 
carina  scaberula  ;  gluma  superior  trinervis.  Anthoecium  fertile  1  ; 
lemma  ambitu  ovato-oblongum,  rotundato-obtusum,  2  *8-3  *2  mm. 
longum,  carina  laevi ;  palea  lemmate  brevior,  glabra.  Anthoecia 
sterilia  1-2  ;  lemmata  eo  anthoecii  fertilis  similia  sed  angustiora  ;  paleae 
nullae. 

Queensland.  Cook  District:  Weipa,  on  the  Embley  River,  June 
1901,  J.  F.  Bailey  (Herb.  Kew.  et  Herb.  Brisb.). 

The  systematic  position  of  the  genus  Heterachne  Benth.  requires 
reconsideration.  Bentham  (Hook.  Ic.  PI.  xiii.  39  : 1877)  placed  his  new 
genus  in  the  tribe  Festuceae  (sensu  lato),  and  stated  that  it  was  allied  to 
Ectrosia  R.  Br.  and  Elytrophorus  Beauv.  Later  (in  Benth.  et  Hook.  f. 
Gen.  PI.  iii.  1188 : 1883),  whilst  retaining  Ectrosia  and  Heterachne  in 
the  Festuceae ,  he  referred  them  to  different  subtribes,  namely,  Ectrosia 
to  the  Eragrosteae  and  Heterachne  to  the  Meliceae.  Hackel  (Engl.  u. 
Prantl,  Nat.  Pflanzenf.  ii.  Abt.  2,  70:  1887)  treated  both  genera  as 
members  of  the  subtribe  Meliceae.  Heterachne  differs  from  Ectrosia  by 
its  awnless  lemmas,  but  resembles  it  in  possessing  sterile  florets  above 
the  fertile,  a  character  which  no  doubt  greatly  influenced  Hackel  in 
associating  these  genera  with  Melica  Linn.  This  classification  is,  how¬ 
ever,  a  very  unnatural  one.  Melica  is  a  temperate  genus,  differing  from 
both  Heterachne  and  Ectrosia  in  having  7-9-nerved  convex  lemmas.  In 
my  opinion  a  more  satisfactory  arrangement  is  to  place  the  last  two 
genera  with  Eragrostis  in  the  tribe  Eragrosteae  with  which  they  agree 
in  the  possession  of  3-nerved  lemmas. 

In  studying  Australian  grasses,  a  number  of  cases  of  cleistogamy  have 
already  been  noted,  and  it  appears  probable  that  it  occurs  also  in  all 
species  of  Heterachne ,  as,  in  dissecting  mature  florets,  the  very  small 
anthers  have  been  frequently  found  still  enclosed  in  the  floret  at  the 
apex  of  the  caryopsis.— C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Fio.  1,  plant,  natural  size;  2  and  3,  spikelets,  x  12;  4,  lower  glume,  x  1?* 
5,  upper  glume,  x  12 ;  6,  fertile  lemma,  side  view,  x  12  ;  7,  palea,  with  caryops1  » 
x  12 ;  8,  lodicules,  x  20 ;  9,  flower,  x  16;  10,  caryopBis,  x  12;  11,  transver 
section  of  caryopsis,  x  12;  12,  sterile  lemma,  x  12. 


V 


rafi-eVi 


S£84 


Tabula  3284. 

ISEILEMA  WINDERSII  C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Andropogoneae. 

I.  Windersii  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  species  nova,  affinis  I.  mcmbramceo 
(Lindl.)  Domin,  a  quo  inflorescentia  laxiore,  spathis  longioribus 
spatharum  carina  glandulas  minutas  sessiles  gerente,  racemis  et  spicu- 
lis  majoribus,  spicularum  involucralium  gluma  in’feriorc  brevissime 
pubescente,  arista  longiore  differt. 


Gramen  annuum,  usque  ad  40  cm.  altum.  Culmi  fasciculati  vel 
solitarii,  erecti,  graciles,  leviter  compressi,  rigidi,  ramosi  vel  simplices 
infra  inflorescentiam  1-2-nodes,  nonnunquam  pruinosi,  glabri  laeves’ 
Eolia  glabra,  glauca  ;  vaginae  compressae  et  acute  carinatae  inter- 
nodus  breviores,  nonnunquam  pruinosae,  laeves  vel  carina  superne 
scaberula;  ligulae  truncatae,  usque  ad  1  -5  mm.  longae  tenuiter 
membranaceae,  ciliatae ;  laminae  lineares,  acutae,  usque  ad  16  cm 
jongae  et  6  mm  latae,  conduplicatae  et  carinatae  vel  demum  explanatae' 
firmae,  margin, bus  et  carina  plerumque  scabridae,  ceterun  la ev“  vel 
supra  scaberulae,  Iuftorescentia  foliacea,  erect*,  angusta  6-  8  cm 
onga,  lntemodia  pr, maria  3-6,  filiformia,  inferior*  usqui  ad  7  cm 
longa  superior*  gradatim  breviora  ;  foliorum  vaginae  carina  slanduks 
minutas  sessiles  gerentes ;  spathae  an, bin,  angustissime  eUip“  el 
o  dique  lanceolatae,  acununatae,  acute  carinatae,  1-2  cm  longae 
vindes,  demum  brunneao  vel  rubido-brunneae,  tenuiter  nervo^e’ 
herbaceo-membranaceae,  demum  papyraceae,  marginibus  bvalinis’ 
anna  ut  vaginae  g  andulifera  et  insuper  scabnda.8  RaZi  ll mum 
e  elllj,tiC0-°bl0^i'  8-10  *»»•  longi,  tandem 

pubescentes  v  1  'i*  a"i  <S  ’  P®c  uncu^  fibformes,  superne  minutissime 

SrtS  scaberulae,  4-5  mm.  longi;  rhacliis  0-8  mm.  longa, 

oblongae  ?  fi  f  mvojucrales  contiguae,  oblongae  vel  elliptico- 
connati  Vof,  T'  long^e ;  pedicelli  validi,  1-5-2  mm.  longi!  basi 
inferior  obtmq^i  ’!*  h,enCjls  ^  mm.  longis  dense  barbati;  gluma 

marginibna  V<  acuta,  dorso  plus  minusve  applanata,  cartilaginea, 

brevlli  ‘nfioxis  ®embranaccis,  crebre  12-20-nervis, 

acuta  A  nr  (  1  enS°  Pu^e.scens  !  gluma  superior  oblanceolato-ol  donga, 
glabra  v  conveJca,  cor^cea>  marginibus  hyalinis  inflexis,  3-7-nervis, 
oblonmim  *)r?^>e  ,  ,  n  l^revissimis  pubescens ;  lemma  inferius 
Ve  oblanceolato-oblongum,  truncatum  vel  laceratum. 


2 


4  6  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve  ;  palea  inferior  nulla  ;  lemma 
superius  lineare,  5  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  vel  plerumque  nullum ; 
palea  superior  nulla  ;  lodiculae  truncatao  ;  antherae  1-5-2 *2  mm. 
longae.  Spicula  fertilis  lanceolata,  acuminata,  7-8  mm.  longa ; 
gluma  inferior  minute  biloba  vel  truncata,  dorso  applanata  vel 
leviter  concava,  coriacea,  8-10-nervis,  marginibus  brevissime  et  dense 
pubescens  ;  gluma  superior  lanceolata,  acuminata,  tenuiter  acuta,  dorso 
infra  medium  leviter  convexa,  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis,  3-nervis, 
carina  superne  scabrido-ciliolata,  ceterum  glabra ;  lemma  inferius 
oblongo-ovatum,  3-4  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve;  palea  inferior 
nulla  ;  lemma  superius  lineare,  bilobum,  lobis  angustissimis  usque  ad 
1  mm.  longis,  1 -nerve,  hyalinum,  4-  5  mm.  longum  ;  arista  geniculata, 
brunnea,  minute  scaberula,  1  -8-3-3  cm.  longa,  columna  usque  ad  2  cm. 
longa;  palea  superior  nulla;  caryopsis  obovata  vel  oblonga,  2-5- 
3-5  mm.  longa.  SpicuUie  pedicellatae  anguste  ellipticae  vel  lanceo- 
lato-ellipticae,  acutae,  4-5  mm.  longae;  pedicelli  3-3-5  ram.  longi, 
gracillimi,  brevissime  pubescentes ;  gluma  inferior  membranacea, 
7-11-nervis,  brevissime  pubescens ;  gluma  superior  lanceolata  vel 
anguste  elliptica,  acuta,  membranacea,  3-nervis,  nervo  medio  propc 
apicem  scabrido-ciliolata,  ceterum  glabra  ;  lemma  inferius  anguste 
oblongum,  3-4-5  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve;  antherae  usque  ad 
1  -  5  mm.  longae. 

Queensland.  Burke  District :  Rocklands  Station,  near  Camooweal, 
1931,  Little  17  ;  Morstone  Downs  Station,  near  Camooweal,  Manager, 
per  Agric.  Chemist  Lab.  No.  5685  ;  Bundoran,  near  Nonda,  in  A  sir  ebb 
grassland,  in  heavy  dark-brown  soil,  165  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and 
Winders  7286  (type) ;  near  Hughenden,  in  grassy  places,  March  1910, 
Domin  (Herb.  Domin.). 

The  collection  of  Dr.  Domin’s  Queensland  grasses,  which  he  has 
kindly  lent  for  study,  includes  four  sheets  of  specimens  from  the  neigh- 
bourhood  of  Hughenden,  which  have  been  identified  by  him  as  Iseilema 
membranaceum  (Lindl.)  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85,  281  (1915). 
Two  sheets  are  referable  to  /.  vaginijlorum  Domin,  one  to  I.  Winder sii 
C.  E.  Hubbard  and  the  fourth  to  I.  convcxum  C.  E.  Hubbard. 

C.  E.  Hubbard. 

a  ?  pl,int»  natural  size  ;  2,  8  pa  the ;  3,  raceme  ;  4,  involucral  spikelet ; 
details  of  involucral  spikelet : — 5,  lower  glume,  from  inside  ;  6,  upper  glume,  fro*0 
outside  ;  7,  lemma  of  the  lower  floret,  with  male  flower ;  8,  diagram  of  involucfl* 
spikelet ;  9,  fertile  and  pcdicelled  spikelets ;  10-16,  details  of  fertile  spikelet 
10,  lower  glume;  11,  upper  glume;  12,  lemma  of  the  upper  floret;  13,  p*8*1 
14,  lemma  of  the  lower  floret;  15  and  16,  carvopsis ;  17,  transverse  section  0 
caryopsis.  Figs.  2-7,  9-17,  x  6. 


,»mv 


Tabula  3285. 

ISEILEMA  DOLICHOTRICHTTM  C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Gkamineae.  Tribus  Andropogoneae. 

I.  dolichotriclium  C.  E.  Hubbard  ;  species  nova,  ab  I.  membranaceo 
<Lindl.)  Dornin  foliis  glandulas  minutas  gerentibus,  basibus  racemorum 
et  pedicellis  spicularum  involucralium  pilis  usque  ad  5  mm.  longis 
dense  barbatis,  gluma  inferiore  spicularum  involucralium  fere  laevi, 
arista  longiore  distinguenda. 


Gramen  annuum,  circiter  8  cm.  altum.  Culmi  laxe  fasciculati,  erecti 
vel  geniculati,  gracillimi,  infra  inflorescentiam  1-2-nodes,  tuberculos 
minutos  glandulosos  infra  nodos  gerentes,  nodis  glabri  vel  sparse  pilosi 
ceterum  glabri  laevesque.  Folia  glabra,  glauca  ;  vaginae  compressae’ 
acute  carinatae,  mternod.is  plcrumque  breviores,  tenuiter ncrvosae  mar- 
gimbus  hyalrais,  praeter  carinam  glandulis  sessilibus  minutis  ob’sitam 
laeves ;  hgulae  truncatae,  usque  ad  1  mm.  longae,  membranaceae 
laminae  anguste  lmeares,  acutae,  usque  ad  4  cm.  longae,  condupS 
et  acute  carinatae,  exp  anatae  usque  ad  2-5  mm.  latae.  rigidae  carma 

fdkcTtnsa  sTT  scaberulae.  !n$<Z% 

iunatea,  uensa,  o-4  o  cm.  longa ;  into  mod  a  nrimario  fii-f 
infen ora  h^oiia  nd  1  .s  vv,  1  •  prim&ria  nliformia, 

mieriora  usque  ad  1  8  cm.  longa,  supenora  gradatim  broviom  • 

"rinlt.rio'unr  l"Ul[l"'“-  'f  oM“>uc  .cute 

scaberulae.  Racetni  demum  l&teraliter  exserti  7  8  mm  Inn  *  ^  € 

«  pedunculi.  dis.rticulantes ;  peduncuU  StLI.  1  ‘“.Td  2 1" 
mmT.n,’  gkndnloms  gereM<* ;  thachij  triquctru, 

steriles  fore  nnnf  ^a>  °n  Cl.  lata'  Sviculae  involucrales  vel  £  vel 

elhptico-oblongae  vel  oblongae,  obtusae, 

H.ni,  compress!^  2 dr?^°  C?mprefae>  Pallide  virides  ;  pedicelli  gracil- 
et  pilis  albis  s’pri  r.-  m'  l)n§1’  lusln  versus  longe  ciliati,  basi  conuati 
inferior  dorso  rd  CC1S  u*s(iue  ad  5  mm.  longis  dense  barbati ;  gluma 
angustis  inflov'  ^  VC*  eviter  convexa,  firme  chartacea,  marginibus 
asSf  carin  8  memb™aceis,  7-9-nervis,  dorso  sparse 

oxplanata  lain  *  nT*1  >erU,  a  ’  S*urna  superior  oblanceolato-oblonga, 
l>yaC  3-lPrvi;btUSa’  fi™e  membra nacea,  apice  et  margin^ 
■late  obtusum  3  •>’  n^1Ce  cdlcdata  1  lemma  inferius  anguste  oblongum, 
um,  3-3 •  3  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve,  glabrum  ;  lemma 


2 


superius  et  paleae  desunt ;  antherae  0*8-1  *2  mm.  longae.  Spicula 
fertilis  $,  lanceolata,  acuminata,  4*5-5  mm.  longa ;  gluma  inferior 
apice  anguste  truncata,  inferne  marginibus  incurvis,  superne  bicarinata, 
carinis  scaberula,  ceternm  laevis,  coriacea,  10-nervis ;  gluma  superior 
lanceolata,  acuminata,  apice  obtusa,  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis 
inflexis,  3-nervis,  nervo  medio  apicem  versus  scaberula,  ceterum 
laevis  ;  lemma  inferius  ovato-oblongum  vel  oblongum,  obtusum,  usque 
ad  3  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve,  glabrum ;  palea  inferior  nulla ; 
lemma  superius  oblongo-lineare,  apice  breviter  et  acute  bilobum,  usque 
ad  3  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  1 -nerve  ;  arista  geniculata,  brunnea* 
usque  ad  2  cm.  longa,  minute  scaberula,  columna  usque  ad  8  mm.  longa  ; 
palea  superior  nulla  ;  caryopsis  obovata  vel  elliptico-obovata,  2  mm. 
longa.  Spiculae  pedicellatae  vel  c?  vel  steriles,  spiculis  involucralibus 
similes  sed  minores  et  angustiores,  2*3-3  mm.  longae  ;  pedicelli  tenuiter 
filiformes,  2*5-3  mm.  longi,  scabrido-ciliolatae  ;  gluma  inferior  firme 
membranacea,  7-nervis ;  gluma  superior  tenuiter  membranacea, 
3-nervis  ;  lemma  inferius  anguste  oblongum,  2  mm.  longum,  vel  nullum- 

Queensland.  Gregory  North  District :  Duchess,  banks  of  gully* 
on  hard  reddish-brown  soil,  354  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  7347. 

Only  one  specimen  of  Iseilema  dolichotrichum  was  collected,  but  its 
apparent  rarity  was  no  doubt  due  to  the  exceptionally  dry  conditions 
prevailing  during  the  summer  season  of  1930-1931 .  Duchess  is  situated 
in  extremely  arid  hilly  country,  broken  by  rocky  gullies.  The  main 
vegetation  consists  of  a  fairly  close  covering  of  a  spiny-leaved  grass 
(Triodia  sp.),  whilst  the  gullies  are  fringed  with  trees  of  Eucalyptus  and 
Melaleuca.  It  was  along  the  banks  of  such  a  gully  that  the  new  species 
was  found  growing  in  association  with  various  other  annual  grasses* 
such  as  Perotis  rara  R.  Br.,  Dicjilaria  ctenantha  Hughes,  Trirapfos 
mollis  R.  Br.,  Daclyloctenium  radulans  R.  Br.,  etc. — C.  E.  Hubbard. 

FlO.  1,  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  portion  of  stem  near  a  node,  x  16;  3,ligule,  x  12  j 
4,  spathe ;  6,  raceme ;  6,  involucral  spikelet  and  pedicel ;  7-10,  details  of  involucre 
spikelet : — 7,  lower  glume  ;  8,  upper  glume  ;  9,  lower  lemma  ;  10,  male  flower ; 
11,  fertile  and  pedicelled  spikelets;  12-18,  details  of  fertile  spikelet: — 12,  lower 
glume;  13,  upper  glume;  14,  upper  lemma;  15,  lower  lemma;  16  and 
caryopsis;  18,  transverse  section  of  caryopsis;  19  and  20,  details  of  pedicel^ 
spikelets: — 19,  lower  glume;  20,  upper  glume;  21,  diagram  of  fertile  spikele 
Figs.  4-15, 19-20,  x  6;  figs.  16-18,21,  x  12. 


Tabula  3286. 

ISEILEMA  CALVUM  C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Gramineae.  Tribus  Andropogoneae. 

I.  calvum  C.  E.  Hubbard  ;  species  nova,  ab  I.  WindersiiC.  E.  Hubbard 
folioruin  vaginis  et  spathis  vix  vel  baud  glanduliferis,  racemis  fere 
glabris,  lcmmate  inferiore  1-3-nervi,  lodiculis  apice  appendiculis  acutis 
praeditis  distinguenda. 


Gramen  annuum,  caespitosum,  15-40  cm.  altum.  Culmi  erecti  vel 
basi  geniculati,  graciles,  subteretes,  rig;di,  infra  inflorescentiam  4-6- 
nodes,  internodiis  inferionbus  brevibus,  e  nodis  ramosi,  glabri,  laeves 
plerumque  pruinosi.  Folia  glauca,  glabra ;  vaginae  compressae  acute 
cannatae,  laeves  vel  lateribus  asperulae,  inferiores  pruinosae  ’  inter 
nodus  longxores  vel  breviores ;  ligulac  truncatae,  membra’naceae 
usque  ad  1  mm.  ongae,  c.liolatae  ;  laminae  lineares,  tenuiter  acutae’ 
usque  ad  25  cm.  longae,  3-6  mm.  latae,  erectae,  primum  conduplicatae 
et  acute  cannatae,  demum  explanatae,  firmae,  carina  et  marginibus 
scabridae  vel  omnino  scaberulae.  lnflorescentin  erecta  vel  curvata 
foliacea,  angusta,  densa  vel  mterrupta,  4-25  cm.  longa ;  internodia 
pnmaria  3-5,  inferiora  usque  ad  15  cm.  longa;  foborum  vaginae 

!t  Jl’.S  ’  ■2~1'7  Cm'  l0ngae>  acute  cannatae,  carina  scabridae 
et^andnlaBmniitaa  paucas  nonnunquam  gerentes,  demum  papy- 

EarZ’- marglnlbus,  h/allIUS’  Pall‘de  virides,  demum  rubido-brunneae. 
Racerm  inclusi  vel  demum  lateraliter  subexserti,  oblongi,  7-9  mm 
longi  demum  e  pedunculis  disarticulantes ;  pedunculi  filiformes, 
3  5-6  mm.  longi,  minute  scaberuli ;  rhachis  0-5  mm.  longa,  glabra. 

oblnlae  TrhTfS  c?,,arCte  contig“a«.  late  oblongae  vel  late  elliptico- 
lnn^°gi'e’  ^  5  6-5  mm. longae,  fere  glabrae  ;  pedicellivalidi,  0-8-1  mm. 
^  asi  connati,  glabri  ;  glunm  inferior  acuta,  dorso  plerumque 
yexa,  cartnaginea,  marginibus  angustissimis  membranaceis  inflexis, 
apice  extra  nervosae,  intus  crebre  17-21-nervis,  basi  pilis  brevissimis 
,  i  is  exeeptis  glabra,  dorso  plus  minusve  et  carinis  supra  medium 
lnu  e  scaberula  ;  gluma  superior  oblanceolato-oblonga,  acuta,  tenuiter 
conacea,  marginibus  hyalinis  inflexis,  3-nervis,  glabra,  laevis  ;  lemma 
in  erius  explanatum  anguste  oblongum,  obtusum,  5-5*5  mm.  longum, 
membranaceum,  1-3-nerve ;  lemma  superius  et  paleae  desunt ;  lodi- 
culae  apice  appendiculis  angustis  acutis  praeditae  ;  antherae  1*5  mm. 


2 


longae.  Spicula  fertilis  $,  lanceolata,  acuminata,  6-7  mm.  longa, 
glabra ;  gluma  inferior  truncata,  dorso  leviter  convexa,  tenuiter 
coriacea,  8-12-nervis,  carinis  apicem  versus  scaberulis  exceptis  laevis; 
gluma  superior  lanceolata,  acuminata,  acuta,  tenuiter  coriacea,  3-nervis, 
carina  prope  apicem  scaberula,  ceterum  laevis  ;  lemma  inferius  lanceo- 
latum,  acuminatum,  acutum,  5*5-6  mm.  longum,  membranaceum, 
3-nerve,  laeve ;  palea  inferior  nulla ;  lemma  superius  lineare,  integrum 
vel  apice  minutissime  et  obscure  bilobum,  3-5  mm.  longum,  1-nerve  ; 
arista  geniculata,  1  *5-2*2  cm.  longa,  columna  5-10  mm.  longa  ;  palea 
superior  nulla ;  caryopsis  elliptico-oblonga,  oblonga  vel  obovata, 
3  mm.  longa.  Spiculae  pedicellatae  lanceolatae  vel  ellipticae, 
3-5  mm.  longae  ;  pedicelli  gracillimi,  3*5-4  mm.  longi,  apicem  versus 
minute  scaberuli ;  gluma  inferior  membranacea,  11-13-nervis,  minute 
scaberula ;  gluma  superior  elliptica,  acuta,  tenuiter  membranacea, 
3-nervis,  laevis  ;  lemma  inferius  anguste  ellipticum,  3-4  mm.  longum, 
3-nerve,  tenuissimum  ;  antherae  1*5  mm.  longae. 

Northern  Australia.  Sturt’s  Creek,  Gregory. 

Queensland.  Burke  District :  Nonda,  between  Hughenden  and 
Cloncurry,  damp  depression  in  grassland,  154  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard 
and  Winders  7304;  Hughenden,  June  1919,  Hawthorn ;  Jardine 
Valley,  near  Hughenden,  in  open  Astrebla  lappacea  grassland,  heavy 
dark-brown  soil,  350  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7173  (type). 
Cook  District :  Gilbert  River,  Wildash. 

Gregory’s  specimen  from  Sturt’s  Creek  was  cited  under  Anthistiria 
membranacea  Lindl.  by  Bentham  (FI.  Austral,  vii.  543). 

Two  species  of  Iseilema ,  I.  calvum  C.  E.  Hubbard  and  I.  vaginijlorum 
Domin,  were  growing  in  abundance  at  Jardine  Valley,  near  Hughenden, 
and  ample  material  of  each  was  gathered  for  examination.  Amongst 
a  large  number  of  specimens  of  I.  calvum ,  two  plants  (Hubbard  and 
Winders  7173B)  were  found  which  are  probably  the  product  of  hybridi¬ 
zation  between  the  above  two  species.  In  general  habit  they  closely 
resemble  I.  calvum ,  but  in  other  respects  they  approach  I.  vaginijlorum. 
The  longer  more  slender  pedicels  of  the  involucral  spikelets  being 
bearded  at  the  base  recall  those  of  the  latter  species,  whilst  the  larger 
male  involucral  spikelets  with  firmer  glumes  are  more  characteristic  of 
the  former.  One  important  feature  which  serves  to  emphasize  the 
relationship  to  /.  calvum  is  the  1-3-nerved  lower  lemmas  ;  these  organs 
being  nerveless  in  all  other  Australian  species  with  the  exception  of 
that  species. 

The  genus  Iseilema *  Anderss.  comprises  about  16  species,  seven  ot 
which  occur  in  India,  Ceylon,  Burma,  Siam  and  Indo-China,  whilst  the 
remainder  are  confined  to  Australia.  It  forms,  with  Themeda  Forsk- 
(Anthistiria  L.  f.)  and  Germainia  Balansa  et  Poitrass.,  a  well-defined 

*  Ilackel  (DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  vi.  681 :  1889)  points  out  that  Iseilema  is  nout^r 
and  that  Anderason  was  in  error  in  treating  it  as  feminine.  Andersson’s  mistake 
has  been  porpetuated  by  many  other  botanists. 


3 


group  of  the  Andropogoneae  which  Stapf  has  named  the  Themedastrae 
(Prain,  FI.  Trop.  Afr.  ix.  8:  1917).  These  genera  are  characterized 
by  the  few-noded,  much-contracted  solitary  racemes,  and  by  the 
homogamous  male  or  neuter  lower  pairs  of  spikelets  which  form  a  false 
involucre  around  the  1-3  fertile  spikelets  and  the  male  or  neuter 
pedicelled  spikelets.  Iseihrm  may  be  readily  distinguished  from 
Themeda ,  as  each  raceme  is  articulated  with  its  peduncle  and  falls  away 
as  a  whole  at  maturity,  whereas  in  Themeda  the  involucral  spikelets  are 
persistent  and  the  remainder  of  the  raceme  is  deciduous. 

The  Australian  species  are  found  throughout  the  Commonwealth 
with  the  exception  of  Victoria  and  Tasmania  and  the  southern  part  of 
Western  and  South  Australia,  but  are  most  abundant  in  the  tropical  or 
subtropical  drier  parts  of  the  continent  where  the  major  portion  of  the 
rainfall  takes  place  in  the  summer  months.  Queensland  possesses  bv 
far  the  greater  number  of  species,  as  all  those  at  present  known  from 
Australia,  with  the  exception  of  I.  trichopus ,  are  to  be  found  in  this  state. 
Several  species  are  widely  spread,  whilst  others,  as  far  as  is  known  at 
present,  are  rather  local  in  their  distribution.  I.  meiubTauaceum  occurs 
over  a  very  wide  area  extending  from  Camooweal  and  Mt.  Emu  Plains 
Station  in  Northern  Queensland  to  the  southern  part  of  New  South 
Wales  and  the  northern  part  of  South  Australia.  I.  vaginiflorum  has 
a  still  wider  distribution  stretching  from  northern  Western  Australia 
through  Northern  Australia  to  Queensland  and  southwards  to  New 
South  Wales  and  South  Australia.  It  does  not  appear,  however,  to  be 
so  common  in  N.S.  Wales  as  I.  me.mbramceum.  The  other  species  are 
confined  to  the  tropical  portions  of  Australia  and,  with  the  exception  of 
I.  calvum  and  I.  trichopus,  are  at  present  known  only  from  the  Burke 
and  Cook  Districts  of  Queensland.  The  Australian  species  of  Iseilema 
are  frequently  associated  with  the  Mitchell  Grasses  (Astrebla  S™ 
the  open  grassland  of  the  downs  and  plains,  growing  in  bare  place!  on 

is etwcm  the  tu"*  °f  th' 

In  Australia  these  grasses  are  collectively  known  as  “  Flinders  Grass  " 
but  they  have  also  been  called  “  Landsborough  Grass,”  “  Red  Gulf 

termed  ‘‘IbLll  FT  T  fecently  L  mcmbranaceum  has  been 

wh  lsfr  Sna  l;ndcrs  “  Rud  Flinders  Grass,” 

whilst  C  l.  White  records  Bull  Mitchell  Grass  ”  as  the  name  for 

as  Z:SCnm.  T the. Gllbert  River  in  Queensland.  Although  described 
wl™  m  %  8PiTeS  hroduce  !eafy  sterile  shoots,  which,  if  conditions 
were  more  favourable,  might  enable  the  plants  to  behave  as  biennials, 
i  no  root-system  usually  extends  only  a  few  inches  into  the  ground  and 
t  e  ^  aPpe&rs  as  much  as  a  foot  in  length  (Francis  in  Queensl.  Agric. 
niiTlVl  n  8  ^ni-.274  :  1935)  ;  on  this  account  the  plants  are  readily 
ni  • e  .UP\  Specimens  vary  greatly  in  size,  ranging  from  a  few  to  about 
--  inc  les  in  height,  and,  if  the  rainfall  is  poor,  even  very  small  plants 

1  ower  and  produce  seed.  Flinders  Grasses  respond  quickly  to  the 
summer  rains  which  occur  from  January  to  April ;  they  make  rapid 
growth  and  soon  reach  maturity. 


4 


From  an  economic  point  of  view  the  Flinders  Grasses  are  exceedingly 
valuable  to  sheep  and  stock-owners  in  the  drier  and  warmer  parts  of 
the  Australian  continent.  They  are  usually  described  as  excellent 
fodder  grasses  and  are  often  reputed  to  be  more  palatable  than  the 
renowned  Mitchell  Grasses  (Astrebla  spp.).  Some  species  are  more 
fragile  than  others  but  all  break  up  when  dry.  The  broken  fragments 
of  all  species  are  said  to  provide  much  forage  which  is  relished  by  stock, 
whilst  frequent  reference  is  made  to  the  fact  that  sheep  even  lick  up 
the  small  pieces  from  the  ground  (Everist  in  Queensl.  Agric.  Journ.  n.s. 
xliii.  377-382  :  1935). 

The  correct  interpretation  of  the  structure  of  the  spikelets  of  Iseilema 
is  far  from  obvious.  The  involucral  spikelets  usually  consist  of  two 
glumes,  a  hyaline  nerveless  scale,  2  lodicules  and  3  stamens,  with 
occasionally  a  rudimentary  ovary.  Such  a  structure  is  indicated  in  the 
diagram  given  on  tab.  3284  (I.  Windersii).  The  dotted  lines  denote 
the  missing  parts.  The  hyaline  scale,  which  is  the  lemma  of  the  lower 
floret,  might  at  first  be  thought  to  represent  the  palea  of  the  upper 
floret  as  it  is  opposite  the  lodicules.  That  this  latter  interpretation  is 
incorrect,  is  seen  when  a  comparison  is  made  with  the  corresponding 
scale  in  I.  calvum.  In  this  species  the  scale  is  1-3-nerved  and  very  like 
the  upper  glume.  The  number  of  nerves  at  once  leads  one  to  the  con¬ 
clusion  that  it  is  not  a  palea  and  that  it  must  be  the  lower  lemma. 
The  upper  floret  is  thus  without  lemma  or  palea,  although  a  rudiment 
of  the  former  is  sometimes  present.  The  fertile  spikelet  is  usually 
described  as  hermaphrodite,  although  Hackel  (DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  vi. 
678  :  1889)  was  doubtful  as  to  this  point,  for  he  writes  in  describing  this 
spikelet  (v.  interdum  $?)”  and  “  Stamina  (sp.  fertilis)  non  vidi.” 
In  all  the  Australian  species  the  fertile  spikelet  is  female  and  no  traces 
of  stamens,  other  than  rudimentary  filaments,  have  been  found  ;  but 
m  the  Indian  species  some  of  the  fertile  spikelets  are  definitely  her¬ 
maphrodite.  The  racemes  are  subjected  to  considerable  compression, 
owing  partly  to  crowding  and  partly  to  being  more  or  less  confined  in 
the  spathes  and  floral  sheaths.  This  compression  has  caused  reduction 
in  the  size  of  some  organs  and  suppression  of  others.  In  the  species 
dealt  with  below,  various  stages  of  reduction  are  encountered,  the  most 
noticeable  being  in  the  involucral  spikelets  of  I.  vaginijlorum.  These 
are  sterile  and  mostly  reduced  to  the  lower  glume,  or  the  latter  may  be 
much  reduced  in  size  or  even  completely  suppressed. 

Ihe  seed”  is  usually  composed  of  the  whole  raceme  which  dis¬ 
articulates  from  the  peduncle  at  maturity,  the  involucral  spikelets 
serving  to  protect  the  central  fertile  spikelet.  In  a  few  cases,  however, 
the  fertile  spikelet  has  been  found  to  disarticulate  from  the  rhachis ; 
in  such  cases  it  has  no  pungent  bearded  callus  as  have  species  of  Therneda- 
Ihe  racemes  are  very  light  and  in  many  species  possess  a  basal  tuft  of 
hairs  which  no  doubt  assists  in  dispersal  by  wind,  although  since  the 
introduction  of  sheep  the  presence  of  an  awn  provides  the  raceme  with 
an  additional  means  of  dispersal.  The  distribution  of  these  grasses  is 
being  extended  towards  the  coast  by  the  spread  of  “  seed 99  along  stock- 


5 


routes  and  railway  tracks  by  means  of  sheep  and  other  animals.  In 
7.  vaginijlorum  the  spikelets  are  almost  wholly  enclosed  in  the  floral 
sheaths,  which  become  indurated  at  maturity  and  finally  detached  from 
the  inflorescence,  thus  forming  a  special  type  of  seed. 

Key  to  the  Australian  species  op  Iseilema. 

*  Inflorescence  not  disarticulating  at  the  nodes  at  maturity  ;  racemes 
becoming  laterally  exserted  and  finally  disarticulating  from  their 
peduncles  ;  floral  leaf-sheaths  herbaceous,  becoming  papery,  always 
sharply  keeled : 

Involucral  spikelets  4-6*5  mm.  long,  their  pedicels  from  one-sixth 
to  one-third  their  length  : 

Racemes  glabrous  at  the  base  ;  lower  glume  of  the  involucral 
spikelets  glabrous  on  the  back  ;  lower  lemmas  1-3-nerved. 

1.  7.  calvum. 

Racemes  densely  bearded  at  the  base  ;  lower  glume  pubescent 
or  scaberulous  on  the  back  ;  lower  lemmas  nerveless  : 

Lower  glume  of  the  involucral  spikelets  densely  ciliate  on 
the  keels,  scaberulous  on  the  back ;  lower  glume  of 

the  fertile  spikelet  glabrous . 2.7.  ciliatum. 

Lower  glume  of  the  involucral  spikelets  scaberulous  on 
the  keels,  pubescent  on  the  back  ;  lower  glume  of  the 
fertile  spikelet  pubescent  to  tomentose  : 

h  loral  leaf-sheaths  glandular  on  the  keel  ;  racemes 
oblong  or  elliptic-oblong;  involucral  spikelets 
5-6*5  mm.  long;  lower  glume  of  the  involucral 
spikelets  more  or  less  flattened  on  the  back  : 

Racemes  bearded  at  the  base  with  hairs  2-3  mm. 
long  ;  involucral  spikelets  oblong  or  elliptic- 
oblong  ;  lower  glume  of  fertile  spikelet  densely 
pubescent  only  along  the  sides. 

3.  7.  Winder  sit. 

Racemes  bearded  at  the  base  with  hairs  about 
4*5  mm.  long;  involucral  spikelets  elliptic; 
lower  glume  of  fertile  spikelet  tomentose  all 
°yer . 4.  7.  trichopus. 

Floral  leaf-sheaths  eglandular ;  racemes  elliptic  or 
%  oblong-elliptic ;  involucral  spikelets  4-5  mm. 

long  ;  lower  glume  very  convex  on  the  back. 

5.  7.  convexum. 

Involucral  spikelets  3-4  mm.  long,  their  pedicels  about  one-third 
to  half  their  length  : 

Spathes  closely  glandular  on  the  keel ;  base  of  racemes 
bearded  with  hairs  up  to  5  mm.  long ;  lower  glume  of 
involucral  spikelets  nearly  smooth  ...  6.  7.  doUchotrichum. 


6 


Spathes  eglandular  or  sparingly  glandular ;  base  of  racemes 
bearded  with  hairs  up  to  2  mm.  long  or  glabrous  ;  lower 
glume  scabrid  or  scaberulous  on  the  back. 

7.  7.  membranaceum. 

^Inflorescence  usually  readily  disarticulating  at  the  nodes  at  maturity ; 
involucral  spikelets  3-4-5  mm.  long,  their  pedicels  about  one-third 
their  length  ;  raceme-bases  bearded  with  hairs  1-2  mm.  long  or 
glabrous. 

Floral  leaf-sheaths  herbaceous,  or  indurated  downwards,  keeled ; 
racemes  finally  exserted  ;  involucral  spikelets  4-4-5  mm.  long  ; 
awns  2-3  cm.  long . 8.  7.  macratherum. 

Floral  leaf-sheaths  becoming  indurated  and  cartilaginous,  rounded 
on  the  back  downwards ;  racemes  almost  wholly  enclosed  and 
tightly  embraced  by  the  spathes  and  sheaths ;  involucral 
spikelets  3-4  mm.  long  or  suppressed ;  awn  1  •  5-2  (rarely  2  •  3)  cm. 
long . 9.  7.  vaginiflorum. 


Enumeration  of  Species. 

1.  I.  calvum  C .  E.  Hubbard ,  supra  (t.  3286). 

Dislrib.  Northern  Australia  and  Queensland  (Burke  and  Cook 
Districts). 

2.  I.  ciliatum  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  species  nova  ;  ab  7.  trichopodi  C.  E. 
Hubbard,  inflorescentia  congesta,  racemorum  basi  pilis  brevioribus 
barbata,  spiculis  involucral ibus  oblongis,  spicularum  involucralium 
pedicellis  paullo  brevioribus  et  glumis  inferioribus  striatis  ad  carinas 
molliter  ciliatis,  spiculae  fertilis  glumis  glabris  distinguenda. 

Gramen  annuum,  circiter35  cm.  al turn.  Culmi  erecti,  graciles, laeves. 
Foliorum  laminae  lineares,  acutae,  usque  ad  12  cm.  longae.  Injlores- 
centia  densa,  contracta,  circiter  7  cm.  longa  et  7  cm.  lata  ;  foliorum 
vaginae  carina  glanduloso-punctatae  et  scabridae  ;  spathae  ambitu 
ellipticae,  acuminatae,  acutae,  1-2-1  *5  cm.  longae,  acute  carinatae, 
herbaceae,  raarginibus  hyalinis,  virides,  demum  rubido-brunneae, 
tenuiter  nervosae,  carina  et  nonnunquam  nervis  glandulos  minutos 
sessiles  gerentes.  Racemi  oblongi,  7-5-8  mm.  longi,  demum  lateraliter 
jubexserti,  tandem  e  pedunculis  disarticulantes  ;  pedunculi  gracillbm, 
2-5-3  mm.  longi,  prope  apicem  tuberculis  minutis  glandulosis  praediti , 
rhachis  1mm.  longa,  pilis  albis  sericeis  2  mm.  longis  barbata.  Spicula# 
involucrales  arete  contiguae,  oblongae  vel  anguste  oblongae,  5-5  *  5  mm* 
longae  ;  pedicelli  validi,  1  -5  mm.  longi,  basi  connati  et  pilis  albis  usqu(j 
ad  2  mm.  longis  dense  barbati,  ceterum  glabri ;  gluma  inferior  obtusa  vel 
Mibacuta,  dorso  striato-sulcata  et  nervis  scaberula,  cartilaginea,  mar' 
ginibus  angustissimis  membranaceis  inflexis,  prominenter  7-11-uervjs, 
carinis  dense  ciliata  et  apice  glandulas  minutas  paucas  gerens  ;  gluma 


# 


7 


superior  oblanceolato-oblonga,  acuta,  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis  in- 
flexis,  3-nervis,  glabra, laevis ;  lemma  inferius  oblongum,  5  mm. longum, 
hyalinum,  enervc  ;  lemma  superius  et  paleae  desunt ;  lodiculae  trun- 
catae  ;  antherae  2  mm.  longae,  aurantiacae.  Spicula  fertilis  $,  lanceo- 
lata,  acuminata,  7  mm.  longa  ;  gluma  inferior  apice  emarginata,  dorso 
leviter  convexa,  coriacea,  6-nervis,  glabra,  carinis  apicem  versus  sparse 
scaberula  et  glandulas  minutas  sessiles  gerens  ,  gluma  superior  lanceo- 
lata,  acuminata,  acuta,  coriacea,  3-nervis,  glabra,  carina  apicem  versus 
scaberula ;  lemma  inferius  hyalinum,  enerve,  oblongum,  bilobum, 
4  mm.  longum  ;  palea  inferior  nulla  ;  lemma  superius  lineare,  bre viter 
bilobum,  2  mm.  longum,  1-nerve  ;  arista  geniculata,  1  *8-2*2  cm.  longa, 
columna  1-1*2  cm.  longa  ;  palea  superior  nulla.  Spiculae  pedicellatae 
<J,  lanceolato-ellipticae,  acutae,  3-3*5  mm.  longae  ;  pedicelli  gracillimi, 
3*5  mm.  longi,  sparse  ciliati  vel  glabri ;  gluma  inferior  membranacea, 
7-9-nervis,  glabra,  carina  et  nervo  medio  glandulas  minutas  paucas 
gerens ;  gluma  superior  oblongo-elliptica,  membranacea,  3-nervis, 
glabra,  laevis  ;  lemma  inferius  oblongum,  3  mm.  longum,  3-nerve, 
hyalinum,  nervo  medio  ut  gluma  inferior  glanduliferum  vel  laeve. 

Queensland.  Burke  District :  near  Hughenden,  towards  Mt.  Walker, 
in  grassy  places,  Feb.  1910,  Domin  (Herb.  Domin.). 

The  specimen  cited  above  was  referred  to  7.  membranaceum  Domin 
var.  trichopus  (Benth.)  Domin,  by  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85 
281  (1915)  and  the  description  there  given  is  based  on  that  specimen 
and  not  on  the  type  of  Anthistiria  membranacea  var.  trichopus  Benth. 

3.  I.  Windersii  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  supra  (t.  3284). 

Distrib.  Queensland  (Burke  District). 


4.1.  trichopus  C.  E.  Hubbard  ;  species  nova.  Anthistiria  membranacea 
i77Var;  l?choPus  Benth*  F1*  Austral,  vii.  544  (1878).  Iseilema 
-  atn trichoPus  Hack,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phan, 

vi  1889) .  7 .  membranaceum  Domin  var.  trichopus  (Benth.)  Domin  in 

B,b both.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85,  281  (1915),  excl.  specim.  et  descr.-Species 
)  7.  Windersii  C.  E.  Hubbard,  foliorum  vaginis  inferioribus  lateribus 
asperu  is  et  minutissime  papillosis,  racemorum  basi  pilis  longioribus 
ar  at  a  et  pedunculo  apice  tuberculos  minutos  gerente,  racemis 
a^iuscuhs,  spicularum  involucralium  pedicellis  gracilioribus  paullo 
ongionbus,  spiculis  involucralibus  ellipticis  acutis,  spiculae  fertilis 
g  umis  fere  omnino  brevissime  tomentosis  distinguenda. 


Oramen  annuum,  circiter  25  cm.  altum.  Culmi  erect i,  graciles, 
compressi,  rigidi,  infra  inflorescentiam  1-2-nodes,  e  nodis  ramosi,  glabri, 
3J  ^erculos  minutos  glandulosos  infra  nodos  gerentes,  ceterum  laeves. 
oliorum  vaginae  internodiis  breviores,  compressae,  acute  carinatae, 


8 


carina  sparse  glanduloso-punctatae,  inferiores  lateribus  asperulae  et 
minutissime  papillosae  et  carina  scaberulae,  superiores  laeves  ;  ligulae 
truncatae,  1  mm.  longae,  ciliolatae  ;  laminae  lineares,  acutae,  usque 
ad  12  cm.  longae,  primum  conduplicatae  et carinatae,  demum  explanatae 
et  usque  ad  5-5  mm.  latae,  firmae,  glabrae,  marginibus  carina  et  supra 
scaberulae.  Inflorescentia  foliacea,  angusta,  erecta,  contracta,  12  cm. 
longa  ;  internodia  primaria  circiter  6,  inferiora  3-5  cm.  longa  ;  foliorum 
vaginae  carina  glanduloso-punctatae  ;  spathae  ambitu  anguste  ellip- 
ticae,  acutae,  1*2-1  *5  cm.  longae,  acute  carinatae,  pallide  virides, 
tandem  papyraceae,  marginibus  hyalinis,  tenuiter  nervosae,  carina  et 
nonnunquam  nervis  glandulas  minutas  sessiles  ge rentes.  Raccrni 
demum  lateraliter  exserti,  late  oblongi,  9-10  mm.  longi,  tandem  e 
pedunculis  disarticulantes  ;  pedunculi  filiformes,  circiter  3  mm.  longi, 
apice  tuberculos  minutos  glandulosos  gerentes  ;  rhachis  1  mm.  longa, 
pilis  paucis  usque  ad  3  mm.  longis  praedita.  Spiculae  involucrales  <J, 
contiguae,  ellipticae,  5-6  mm.  longae ;  pedicelli  graciliusculi,  2  mm. 
longi,  basi  connati  et  pilis  albis  sericeis  usque  ad  4*5  mm.  longis  dense 
barbati,  ceterum  glabri ;  gluma  inferior  acuta,  dorso  plana,  cartilaginea, 
marginibus  angustis  inflexis  hyalinis,  13-17-nervis,  parte  apicali 
excepta  dense  et  brevissime  pubescens,  carina  tuberculos  paucos 
glandulosos  minutissimos  gerentes ;  gluma  superior  anguste  elliptica, 
acuta,  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis  inflexis,  3-nervis,  glabra,  laevis ; 
lemma  inferius  oblongum,  3  *5-5  *5  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve  ; 
lemma  superius  et  paleae  desunt ;  lodiculae  truncatae ;  antherae 
1*5  mm.  longae  vel  ultra.  Spicula  fertilis  $,  lanceolata,  acuminata, 
7  mm.  longa  ;  gluma  inferior  minute  biloba,  dorso  plana,  Crustacea, 
circiter  8-nervis,  omnino  brevissime  tomentosa ;  gluma  superior 
lanceolata,  acuminata,  acuta,  tenuiter  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis 
inflexis,  3-nervis,  dorso  inferne  brevissime  tomentosa  ;  lemma  inferius 
3  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve,  ovato-oblongum  ;  palea  inferior 
nulla;  lemma  superius  lineare,  bilobum,  lobis  angustissimis  0*5  nun* 
longis,  1 -nerve,  4  mm.  longum  ;  arista  geniculate,  1*5-1  *8  cm.  longa, 
columna  6  mm.  longa  ;  palea  superior  nulla ;  caryopsis  elliptica, 
3-3*5  mm.  longa.  Spiculae  pedicellatae  steriles,  lanceolatae,  acutae, 
3-4  mm.  longae ;  pedicelli gracillimi,  brevissime  pubescentes,  3-3*5  mm* 
longi ;  gluma  inferior  tenuiter  membranacea,  9-nervis,  minute 
pubescens  ;  gluma  superior  anguste  elliptica,  3-nervis,  vel  plerumque 
redacta  et  minutissima  ;  lemma  inferius  minutissimum  vel  nullum. 

Northern  Australia.  Hooker’s  Creek,  Mueller. 

The  specimen  referred  by  Domin  (l.c.)  to  I.  membranaceum  Domiu 
var.  trichopus  (Benth.)  Domin  represents  a  distinct  species,  /.  cMO'turrl 
C.  E.  Hubbard  (supra,  n.  2). 


5.  I.  convexum  C.  E.  Hubbard ;  species  nova,  ab  I.  Winder  sit  C. 
Hubbard,  foliorum  vaginis  haud  glanduliferis,  spatharum  carina  sparse 
glandulifera,  racemis  ellipticis  vel  oblongo-ellipticis  paullo  minoribus, 


9 


spicularum  involucralium  saepissime  sterilium  gluma  inferiore 
11-15-nervi  dorso  valde  convexa  breviore  et  lemmate  inferiore 
plerumque  nullo,  spiculae  fertilis  glumis  fere  omnino  pubescentibus 
distinguenda. 


Gramen  annuum,  usque  ad  70  cm.  altum.  Culmi  laxe  fasciculati, 
crecti  vel  geniculati,  graciles,  leviter  compressi,  rigidi,  infra  inflores- 
centiam  2-3-nodes,  simplices  vel  sparse  ramosi,  primum  pruinosi,  glabri, 
laeves.  Folia  glabra,  glauco-viridia  ;  vaginae  internodiis  breviores, 
compressae  et  acute  carinatae,  laeves  vel  carina  apicem  versus  sca- 
berulae,  inferiores  nonnunquam  pruinosae  ;  ligulae  truncatae,  0*5  ram. 
longae,  ciliolatae  ;  laminae  lineares,  acutae,  usque  ad  18  cm.  longae  et 
5*5  mm.  latae,  primo  conduplicatae,  demura  explanatae,  firmae,  mar- 
ginibus  carina  et  pagina  superiore  scaberulae.  Inflorescentia  foliacea, 
erecta,  angusta,  laxiuscula,  usque  ad  35  cm.  longa  ;  intemodia  primaria 
4-6,  inferiora  usque  ad  20  cm.  longa  ;  foliorum  vaginae  carina  laeves, 
haud  glanduliferae  ;  spathae  ambitu  anguste  ellipticae,  acutae,  acute 
carinatae,  1-1*6  cm.  longae,  pallide  virides  vel  purpureo-tinctae, 
herbaceo-membranaceae,  marginibus  hyalinis,  tandem  papyraceae’ 
carina  scaberulae  et  eglanduliferae  vel  glandulas  paucas  minutas 
sessiles  gerentes.  Ra cemi  demum  lateraliter  exserti,  elliptici  vel  ob- 
longo-elliptici,  6*5-8  mm.  longi,  tandem  e  pedunculis  disarticulantes  * 
pedunculi  filiformes,  4-5  mm.  longi,  glabri  vel  prope  apicem  minute 
scabndi;  rhaclns  0*8  mm.  longa.  Spiculae  involucrales  vel  1  vel 
plerumque  stenles,  contiguae,  oblongae  vel  elliptico-oblongae,  4-5  mm 
bugae,  pedicelh  validi,  1-1-5  mm.  longi,  basi  connati  et  pilis  albis 

dnL  °nglS  dTe  baibati;  -gkma  inferior  obtusa  vel  acuta, 

dorbo  convexa,  cartilaginea,  marginibus  angustis  hyalinis  inflexis 

iblonffaerarntaredV18Slme  **  <lenSU  pubeSCCns  '>  8luma  superior  elliptico- 

Sftr^s  lbd  ?  COnVT’  c0nacea’  mar8inibus  hyalinis  inflexis, 
3-7-nervis,  glabra  vel  prope  basin  pilis  brevissimis  pubescens  •  lemma 

mferms  hyalinum,  0-5  mm.  longum,  vel  plerumque  nullum’  emma 
supenus  et  pa  eae  desunt  ;  lodiculae  truncatae  ;  antherae  i -  5  mm 
ongae.  Spicula  fertilis  ?,  lanceolata,  acuminata,  5  -5-6  -5  mm  lon»a  • 
gluma  inferior  minute  biloba,  dorso  plana  vel  leviter  concava,  coriacea’, 
la'neToW18’  °mmn\denf  et  brevissime  pubescens;  gluma  superior 
X  a„  ’  acunui?ata>  .t(\nuiter  acuta,  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis 
ntiexis,  3-nervis  dorso  inferne  dense  et  brevissime  pubescens  ;  lemma 
e™*8  ovato-oblongum,  bilobum,  2-5-3  mm.  longum,  hyalinum, 
Pa.  lri^enor  nulla  ;  lemma  superius  lineare,  bilobum,  lobis 
Por^18  11S^lmi1s  *fs(lue  at^  ^  mm-  longis,  1 -nerve,  3  mm.  longum  ;  arista 
cu  ata,  1*6-2  cm.  longa,  columna  usque  ad  1  cm.  longa;  palea 
^/?e#ri°r  i  a  ’  cary°P8i8  obovata,  2*5  mm.  longa.  Spiculae  pedi- 
o  ?  ae  Ve^  c?  V^1  steriles,  elliptico-lanceolatae  vel  ellipticae,  acutae, 
*  mm*  longae;  pedicelli  gracillimi,  2*5-3  mm.  longi,  brevissime 
pu  )escentes;  gluma  inferior  membranacea, 9-ncrvis,  minute  pubescens; 
9  lJ)Ina  8Uperior  lanceolata,  3-nervis  ;  lemma  inferius  oblongum, 
^•5  mm.  longum,  hyalinum. 


10 


Queensland.  Burke  District:  Wongalee  Station,  30  miles  N.  of 
Hughenden,  amongst  Dichanthium  sp.,  etc.,  on  black  soil  flats,  Feb. 
1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7461;  Jardine  Valley,  near  Hughenden, 
m  open  Astrebla  lappacea  grassland,  on  heavy  brown  soil,  350  m., 
^eb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7173A  ;  near  Hughenden,  in  grassy 
places,  March  1910,  Domin  (Herb.  Domin.).  Darling  Downs  District : 
cultivated  on  the  property  of  Dr.  Hirschfeld  at  Bybera,  Jan.  1934, 
White  9741  (type). 

Domin  s  specimen  from  near  Hughenden  was  included  under 
Iseilema  membranaceum  (Lindl.)  Domin,  by  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx. 
Heft  85,  281  (1915).  His  description  of  that  species  is  apparently  based 
on  this  specimen  as  he  states  that  the  involucral  spikelets  are  up  to 
5  mm.  long,  whereas  in  a  specimen  of  I.  Windersii  C.  E.  Hubbard 
(which  he  also  included  under  I.  membranaceum)  they  are  5-6*5  mm. 
long. 

6.  I.  dolichotrichum  C.  E.  Hubbard ,  supra  (t.  3285). 

Distrib.  Queensland  (Gregory  North  District). 


7.  I.  membranaceum  (Lindl.)  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85, 
280  (1915),  excl.  descr.  et  specim. ;  Maiden  and  Betche,  Census  N.S. 
Wales  PI.  15  (1916) ;  Black,  FI.  S.  Austral.  56  (1922),  partim.  Anthi- 
stma  meynbramcea  Lindl.  in  Mitch.  Journ.  Trop.  Austral.  88  (1848); 
F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  207  (1866),  partim  ;  Benth.  FI.  Austral,  vii.  543 
(1878),  partim;  F.  M.  Bailey,  Syn.  Queensl.  FI.  646  (1883) ;  Moore, 
FI.  N.S.  Wales,  480  (1893) ;  Turner  in  Agric.  Gaz.  N.S.  Wales,  iv.  81  > 
fig.  (1893),  et  in  Journ.  Dept.  Agric.  W.  Austral,  xiii.  67,  fig.  (1906) ; 
Turner,  Austral.  Grasses,  11,  fig.  (1895) ;  Maiden,  Man.  Grasses  N.S* 
Wales,  94  (1898) ;  Breakwell,  Grasses  and  Fodder  PI.  N.S.  Wales,  200, 
hg.  98  (left)  (1923).  Iseilema  Mitchellii  Anderss.  in  Nov.  Act.  Soc. 
nL Upaa1-.  Ser-  3,  ii.  252  (1856) ;  Hack,  in  DC.  Monogr.  Phan.  vi.  684 
(1889),  partim,  excl.  var.  trichopus  ;  F.  M.  Bailey,  Queensl.  FI.  vi.  1871 
(1902),  partim,  et  Compreh.  Cat.  Queensl.  PI.  620  (1913),  et  in  QueensL 
1  §ric-  Journ.  xxv.  290  (1910).  I.  actinostachys  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot* 
xx.  Heft  85,  282,  tab.  12,  fig.  1,  tab.  13,  fig.  2  (1915) ;  J.  M.  Black  in 
lrans.  &  Proc.  Hoy.  Soc.  S.  Austral,  lvii.  144  (1933). 

(tramen  annuum,  laxe  caespitosum,  5-40  (raro  usque  ad  90)  cm* 
a  turn.  Culmi  erecti  vel  geniculato-adscendentes,  gracillimi  vel  graciles, 
compressi  vel  subteretes,  ramosi,  infra  inflorescentiam  0-2-nodes, 
glabri,  laeves.  Folia  glabra,  glauca  vel  viridia  ;  vaginae  internodb0 
urey lores,  compressae,  acute  carinatae,  laeves ;  ligulae  truncatae, 
circiter  1  mm.  longae,  membranaceae,  ciliolatae  ;  laminae  lineares, 
acutae,  2-20  cm.  longae,  2-5  mm.  latae,  primum  conduplicatac,  demum 
explanatae,  asperulae  vel  fere  laeves.  Inflorescentia  conglomerata. 


11 


foliacea,  interrupta,  usque  ad  18  cm.  vel  ultra  longa;  vaginae  acute 
cannatae,  herbaceae,  laeves  vel  carina  nonnunquam  sparse  glandu- 
liferae ;  spathae  ambitu  anguste  ellipticae  vel  ellipticae  acutae 
0-8-1  -2  mm.  longae,  acute  carinatae,  herbaceae,  marginibus  hyalinis’ 
tenuiter  nervosae,  carina  plus  minusve  scaberulae  ct  nonnunquam  sparse 
glanduliferae.  Rocemi  dense  fascieulati,  demum  lateraliter  exserti 
oblongi,  5-7  mm.  longi,  e  pedunculis  demum  disarticulantes  ;  pedunculi 
filiformes,  1-3  mm.  longi,  laeves  vel  scaberuli ;  rhachis  0-5-1  mm 
longa,  apice  pilis  usque  ad  2  mm.  longis  praedita.  Spiculae  involucrales 
vel  vel  steriles,  oblongae  vel  elliptico-oblongae,  3-4  mm.  longae  * 
pedicelli  graciles,  1-5-2  mm.  longi,  basi  connati  et  pilis  albis  usque  ad 
2  mm.  longis  barbati  vel  raro  glabri ;  gluma  inferior  obtusa  vel  acuta 
dorso  plana,  plerumque  tenuiter  coriacea,  marginibus  angustis  inflexis’ 
dorso  et  carinis  dense  scaberula  vel  scabrida  vel  scabrido-puberula’ 
prominenter  9-15-nervis  ;  gluma  superior  explanata  elliptica  obtusa’ 
tenuiter  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis  inflexis,  3-nervis  laevis  •  lemma 
inferius  anguste  oblongum,  usque  ad  3-5  mm.  longum,  hyalinum 
enerve  ;  lemma  supenus  et  paleae  desunt ;  antherae  1-5  mm.  longae’ 
Spiculafertihs  $,  lanceolata,  acuminata,  5-6  mm.  longa ;  gluma  inferior 
apice  minute  bifida  vel  truncata,  coriacea,  dorso  scabrida  vel  scaberula 
8-nervis ;  gluma  ..superior  lanceolata,  acuminata,  tenuiter  coriacea’ 
marginibus  hyalinis  inflexis,  dorso  scaberula,  3-nervis  ;  lemma  inferius 
oblongo-ovatum,  usque  ad  3  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve  ;  palea 
inferior  nulla  ;  lemma  supenus  lineare,  integrum,  usque  ad  3-5  mm 
longum,  1 -nerve,  aristatum  vel  muticum;  arista  geniculata  vel  recta 
usque  ad  1-5  cm.  longa;  palea  superior  nulla  ;  caryopsLoblonga 

vel ’ellipticae Ts-S Zn  \  *  vel  ^eriles,  ovatae 

vei  ellipticae,  W  5  mm.  longae;  pedicelli  gracillimi  2-5-3  mm 

8l”"m  »-vi. 

flatrFeb0f9310fKe^den>aw0Tt  Dichanthium  “P^oa  black  soil 
nats,  i<eb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7458;  Mt.  Walker  in  grassy 

Rolling  HuShen^en>  March  1910,  Domin  (Herb.  Domin.  f;  on 

(Herb  WrnTn?l  T  Hugh"l(1™-  ln  grassy  places,  March  1910,  Domin 
ml  47  Tit  ^f'gory  North  District :  Georgina  River,  Sept.  1910, 

Domin  ml  n  I  lStrict:  near  Poland,  March  1910 

on  t  ‘  Mltche11  District :  Prairie,  in  open  grassland, 

burm  Ak  8 -ft  SS  S;;Feb-  1931’  Hubbard  <"‘d  Winders  7081  ;  Mutta- 
Lab  lVAl>/oU  a  vt  W  AE'  ’  Longreach>  March  1930,  Agric.  Chemist 
T  •  i  i  ' ,  ^arc^  1934,  Barth  E.  ;  Blackall,  March  1934,  Stringer , 
Oof  iQoo  n  ls^nc^:  Peak  Downs,  Mueller ;  Fernlees,  on  open  downs, 
n  V  \\t  *  arvey  bG.  Port  Curtis  District :  between  Rockhampton 
and  Westwood,  Feb.  1927,  White  3394  ;  Biloela,  Dec.  1933,  Strong 


12 


A  28.  Warrego  District :  Yanna  Siding,  near  Charleville,  Hutchinson. 
Maranoa  District :  between  Amby  and  Eurella,  common  on  side  of 
railway  track,  Jan.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  6322;  Pickanjinnie, 
near  Wallumbilla,  Belson ;  Yeulba,  April  1933,  Bowman .  Darling 
Downs  District :  Noondoo  Station,  Dec.  1932,  Young  14A ;  Dalby, 
April  1916,  White ;  Oakey,  Donges  17  ;  cultivated  at  Inglewood,  on 
property  of  Dr.  Hirschfeld,  Jan.  1934,  White  9746.  Moreton  District : 
cultivated  at  Lawnton,  near  Brisbane,  Nov.  1933,  White  9904. 

New  South  Wales.  Evelyn  County :  Yandama,  on  red  soil,  April 
1906,  Mullen.  Narran  County  :  banks  of  Narran  River,  March  1846, 
Mitchell  55  (type  of  Anthistiria  membranacea  Lindl.) ;  Quantambone, 
near  Brewarrina,  Feb.  1907,  Mullen ;  Murray  Downs,  near  Walgett, 
March  1911,  Black  ;  Hay,  Jan.  1917,  Little  ;  Borambil,  March  1913, 
Cameron  ;  Darling  River,  Neilson. 

South  Australia.  Abminga,  Aug.  1931,  Cleland  H.  404;  Mt. 
Lyndhurst,  May  1898,  Koch ;  Cordillo  Downs,  in  watercourse,  May 
1924,  Cleland  H.  275. 


8.  I.  macratherum  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot.  xx.  Heft  85,  283,  t.  12, 
fig.  3,  t.  13,  fig.  3  (1915). 


Gramen  annuum,  caespitosum,  25-70  cm.  altum.  Culmi  erecti  vel 
geniculato-adscendentes,  graciles,  subteretes,  infra  inflorescentiam  1-3- 
nodes,  ramosi,  glabri,  laeves,  prope  nodos  nonnunquam  pruinosi. 
Folia  glauco-viridia  vel  purpurea,  glabra  ;  vaginae  compressae,  acute 
carinatae,  internodiis  breviores,  laeves  vel  carina  superne  scaberulae; 
ligulae  truncatae,  membranaccae,  circiter  1  mm.  longae,  ciliolatae ; 
laminae  lineares,  acutae,  usque  ad  25  cm.  longae,  2-6  mm.  latae,  con- 
duplicatae  vel  explanatae,  firmae,  carina  et  marginibus  scabridae, 
ceterum  asperulae  vel  scaberulae,  marginibus  glandulas  minutas 
gerentes.  Injlorescentia  foliacea,  erecta,  densa,  5-20  cm.  longa,  nodis 
demum  disarticulans ;  internodia  3—6,  inferiora  usque  ad  10  cm* 
longa  ;  foliorum  vaginae  acute  carinatae,  carina  glanduloso-punctatae 
vel  glandulas  minutas  gerentes,  herbaceae  vel  basin  versus  induratae  et 
stramineae  ;  spathae  ambitu  oblique  lanceolatac  vel  angusteellipticae, 
acutae,  1-1*6  cm.  longae,  acute  carinatae,  herbaceae,  carina  scabridae 
et  glandulas  minutas  gerentes.  Racemi  demum  lateraliter  exserti, 
°  vlfl  Him.  longi,  demum  e  pedunculis  disarticulantes ;  pedun- 
cu  i  filiformes,  2-3*5  mm.  longi,  superne  scaberuli ;  rhachis  1-2  mm- 
longa,  apice  pilis  albis  usque  ad  3  mm.  longis  praedita.  Spicu^ae 
mvolucrales  vel  steriles  vel  oblongae  vel  elliptico-oblongae,  4-4  *5  mm- 
longae  ,  pedicelli  graciles,  compressi,  1*5-2  mm.  longi,  basi  connati  et 
pilis  albis  usque  ad  2  mm.  longis  dense  barbati ;  gluma  inferior  obtusa, 
uorso  plana  scaberula  vel  asperula,  carinis  scabrida,  firme  membranacea 
vel  cartilaginea,  marginibus  angustis  inflexis,  9-11-nervis;  gluma 
superior  oblonga,  obtusa,  2 *5-4 *5  mm.  longa,  membranacea  vel 
hyalina,  3-nervis ;  lemma  inferius  anguste  oblongum,  4  mm.  longum» 


13 


hyalinum,  enerve,  vel  nullum ;  lemma  superius  et  paleae  desunt ; 
antherae  1-5  mm.  longae.  Spicula  fertilis  $,  lanceolata,  acuminata, 
6-7  mm.  longa  ;  gluma  inferior  apice  truncata,  coriacea,  6-9-nervis, 
glabra,  carinis  supra  medium  scabrida,  ceterum  laevis ;  gluma  superior 
lanceolata,  acuminata,  acuta,  coriacea,  marginibus  hyalinis  inflexis, 
3-nervis,  glabra,  carina  apicem  versus  scaberula ;  lemma  inferius 
oblongo-ovatum  vel  oblongum,  3  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve  ; 
palea  inferior  nulla  ;  lemma  superius  lineare,  integrum,  usque  ad 
5  mm.  longum,  1-nerve ;  arista  geniculata,  2-3  cm.  longa,  columna 
0*8-1  *5  cm.  longa  ;  palea  superior  nulla  ;  caryopsis  oblonga,  2*5  mm. 
longa.  Spiculae  pedicellatae  <J,  lanceolatae,  3-5  mm.  longae  ;  pedicelli 
gracillimi,  3*5-4  mm.  longi,  ciliolati  vel  scabrido-ciliolati ;  gluma 
inferior  5-7-nervis  ;  gluma  superior  3-nervis  ;  lemma  inferius  2-4  mm. 
longum. 


Northern  Australia.  Settlement  Creek,  on  black  soil  nlains 
April  1922,  Brass  155.  1  ’ 


Queensland  Cook  District :  Chillagoe,  on  calcareous  ground  at 
foot  of  lull,  fleb.  1910,  Domm  (type  in  Herb.  Domin.) ;  Chillagoe  in 
open  Eucalyptus  forest  and  in  depressions  near  river,  reddish-brown  soil 
350  m  Jan.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  6775;  Chillagoe,  Atherton] 
Gilbert,  River,  Forest  Home,  Feb.  1914,  Bick  144 ;  Feb  1922  WhU* 

i925;  w 


Closely  related  to  7.  vaginiflorum  Domin,  but  usually  larger  and  with 
a  more  profusely  branched  inflorescence.  ‘  8 


9.  I.  vaginiflorum  Domin  in  Biblioth.  Bot  xx  Hpft  osi  . 

J- M  B1“k  “ 

Folia  .rlabra  1  "deW’  8  abn’,.acves’  prope  nodos  nonnunquam  pruinosi. 
inferno it b  *  ^  Vlnd'a  ’  .Va8inae  compressae,  acute  carmatae, 

mem  In  *  rl’  laeVe,8  ;  hSulae  truncatae,  0-5-1  mm.  longae; 
20  rm  1  eae>  ciliolatae  ;  laminae  lineares,  tenuiter  acutae,  usque  ad 
ngat\2*5-f6  m?1'  ^a^ae»  Primo  conduplicatae,  demum  planae, 
fnlin  a°  V°  ln^ra  l^eves,  marginibus  scabridis.  Inflorescentia 
j*  C(:a»  erecta,  densa,  angusta,  usque  ad  22  cm.  longa,  demum  nodis 
h  ,r  lcu  ans  ’>  foliorum  vaginae  imbricatae,  6-15  mm.  longae,  primum 
er  aceae>  demum  induratae  et  cartilagineae,  marginibus  scariosae,. 
ompressae,  lateribus  demum  convexis,  inferne  dorso  ecarinatae, 
superne  carinatae,  carina  prope  apicem  minute  scaberulae,  liaud 
g  anduhferae  vel  carina  sparse  glanduloso-punctatae,  stramineae  vel 


14 


purpureae;  spathae  ambitu  anguste  ellipticae,  acutae,  0-9-1  *2  cm. 
longae,  acute  carinatae,  herbaceae,  marginibus  hyalinis,  vel  demum 
induratae,  carina  scaberulae,  haud  glanduliferae  vel  glandulas  minutas 
paucas  gerentes.  Racemi  in  spatbis  et  vaginis  fere  omnino  arete  inclusi, 
oblongi,  7-8  mm.  longi ;  pedunculi  filiformes,  1-2  mm.  longi,  laeves  ; 
rhachis  circiter  1  mm.  longa,  apice  pilos  paucos  usque  ad  2  mm.  longos 
gerens  vel  glabra.  Spiculae  involucrales  steriles,  anguste  oblongae, 
3-4  mm.  longae  vel  multo  redactae  vel  nullae  ;  pedicelli  graciles,  usque 
ad  1-5  mm.  longi,  basi  connati  et  pilis  albis  1-1-5  mm.  longis  barbati 
vel  glabri,  vel  nulli ;  gluma  inferior  obtusa,  membranacea,  marginibus 
angustissimis  inflexis,  5-9-nervis,  carinis  minute  scaberula,  dorso  sparse 
asperula  vel  laevis,  vel  nulla  ;  gluma  superior  minutissima,  vel  nulla, 
raro  usque  ad  3  mm.  longa,  hyalina  et  enervis  ;  lemma  superius  usque 
ad  2  mm.  longum,  vel  plerumque  nullum.  Spicula  fertilis  $,  lanceolata 
vel  anguste  lanceolata,  acuminata,  5-5-7  mm.  longa,  glabra;  gluma 
inferior  apice  minute  bifida,  tenuiter  coriacea  vel  firme  membranacea, 
8-10-nervis,  carinis  apicem  versus  scaberula,  ceterum  laevis ;  gluma 
superior  lanceolata,  acuminata,  acuta,  3-nervis,  laevis  ;  lemma  inferius 
anguste  oblongum,  3*5-4  mm.  longum,  hyalinum,  enerve ;  palea 
inferior  nulla  ;  lemma  lineare,  integrum  vel  minutissime  bilobum,  usque 
ad  5-5  mm.  longum,  1 -nerve  ;  arista  geniculata,  1-5-2 -3  cm.  longa, 
columna  6-9  mm.  longa  ;  palea  superior  nulla  ;  caryopsis  oblonga, 
2-5-3  mm.  longa.  Spiculae  pedicellatae  vel  £  vel  steriles,  apice  e 
spathis  et  vaginis  exserto,  lanceolatae  vel  oblongae,  acutae,  3-5  mm. 
longae;  pedicelli  gracillimi,  2-5-3  mm.  longi,  scaberuli  vel  minute 
pubescentes ;  gluma  inferior  tenuiter  membranacea,  5-7-nervis ; 
carinis  minute  scaberula ;  gluma  superior  lanceolata,  tenuissima, 
2-3-nervis  ;  lemma  inferius  oblongum  vel  anguste  oblongum,  2-4  mm- 
longum,  hyalinum,  enerve  ;  antherae  1-2  mm.  longae. 

Western  Australia.  Roeboume,  Mulyie  Station,  March  1899, 
Morrison. 

Northern  Australia.  Sturt’s  Creek,  Mueller ;  Victoria  River, 
April  1856,  Mueller  (Herb.  Melb.) ;  Tanumbirini,  March  1912, 

815;  Newcastle  Waters,  July  1911,  Hill  472  (Herb.  Melb.);  Port 
Darwin,  Spring  Vale,  Giles  (Herb.  Brisb.) ;  Arnhem  Land,  Basedow  45  ; 
Nichol  Bay,  Crouch  (Herb.  Melb.). 

Central  Australia.  Macdonald  Downs,  Clelavid  H.  529. 

Queensland.  Burke  District:  Rocklands  Station,  near  Camooweal, 
Little  8,  9  ;  Morstone  Downs  Station,  near  Camooweal,  Manager ,  P& 
Ague.  Chemist  Lab.  No.  5685B  ;  Julia  Creek,  ,Agric.  Chemist  Lab.  No. 
4747  ,  Richmond,  March  1905,  Berney  ;  Bundoran,  near  Nonda,  between 
Hughenden  and  Cloncurry,  common  in  Astrebla  grassland,  heavy  dark- 
brown  soil,  160  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7273;  Nonda, 
amongst  annual  grasses,  150  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders , 
7239;  Marathon  Station,  west  of  Hughenden,  on  heavy  dark-brovn 
soil,  amongst  Astrebla  lappacea ,  230  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  7750; 


15 


near  Hughenden,  on  the  Rolling  Downs,  Feb.  1910,  Domin  (Herb. 
Domin.) ;  Hughenden,  June  1919,  Hawthorn  ;  March  1933,  McCarthy  ; 
Jardine  Valley,  near  Hughenden,  in  open  Astrebla  lappacea  grassland, 
heavy  dark-brown  soil,  350  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7177  ; 
Mt.  Emu  Plains,  64  miles  north  of  Hughenden,  in  black  soil,  amongst 
Dichanthium  sp.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7495  ;  Chudleigh 
Park  Station,  1 10  miles  north  of  Hughenden,  in  open  grassland,  black 
soil,  810  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and  Winders  7650.  Mitchell  District : 
Prairie,  open  grassland,  black  soil,  424  m.,  Feb.  1931,  Hubbard  and 
Winders  7053 ;  March  1903,  Chisholm ;  Muttaburra,  March  1919,  White  ; 
Longreach,  March  1930,  Agric.  Chemist  Lab.  No.  4223B  ;  March  1934,’ 
Barth  D;  Brixton,  May  1931,  Ramon .  North  Kennedy  District: 
Charters  Towers,  Pollock  in  Herb.  Hubbard.  8635.  Leichhardt  District : 
Peak  Downs,  Emerald,  Dec.  1930,  Carey ;  Emerald,  March  1934, 
Carey  9.  Gregory  South  District :  Windorah,  Rose.  Warrego  District : 
Yanna  Siding,  near  Charleville,  Hutchinson.  Darling  Downs  District  • 
cultivated  on  the  property  of  Dr.  Hirschfeld  at  Inglewood,  Jan  1934 
White  9743.  Moreton  District :  cultivated  at  Lawnton,  near  Brisbane’ 
Nov.  1933,  White  9886.  Ue’ 


New  South  Wales.  Tongowoko  County:  Tibooburra  Olive 
Downs,  May  1900,  Johnson. 


South  Australia^  Near  Oodnadatta,  Jan.  1913,  Staer  ;  vicinity  of 
Lake  Eyre,  Sept.  1903,  Spencer,  Andrews  153 ;  Cordillo  Downs  in 
watercourse,  May  1924,  Cleland  H.  275A  ;  Mt.  LyndhursL  May  K 


8pede7im>mm  “  thC  m°St  Wid6,y  8Pread  ot  a11  Australian 
Th®  following  specimens  from  the  Leichhardt  District  of  Queensland 

Domin- -EmerahltWirn  '  Domin  a«d  I.  membranaceum 

Astrebla  sn  nn  ’  1  °Pen  grassland,  amongst  Dichanthium  and 
PPi"  n  ,  b!rk  80ll>  Feb‘  1931>  Hubbard  7931  ;  between 

sol  Feb  T9d31P^k//D<T7oirn  D*hanthium  grassland,  heavy  black 
Tb  -v  b'  1U’  Hubbard  m-J  i  Clermont,  March  1927,  White  3418. 
b,yrnfe!wi’  e  /' ,V,lVl™-flurum  habit  and  in  possessing  partially 

exsertoddrfl0ra  8  T?8’  f <!  /•  me>^amceum  in  having  partially 
glumes  acolues>  hotter-developed  involucral  spikelets  and  firmer 

The  references  given  below  apply  either  wholly  or  in  part  to  this 
[Lcies  .—Iseilema  membranaceum  Black,  FI.  S.  Austral.  56  (1922), 
1  rum;  Gardner,  Enum.  PI.  Austral.  Occid.  6  (1931).  Anthisliria 
ranacea  F.  Muell.  Fragm.  v.  207  (1866),  partim  ;  Benth.  FI. 
(v  S  ra  *  Y11,  ^3  (1878),  partim  ;  F.  M.  Bailey,  lllustr.  Monogr.  Grasses 
7  (1878) ;  Ewart  &  Rees  in  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Viet.,  n.s.  xxv. 
(1912) ;  Ewart  &  Davies,  FI.  North.  Territ.  32  (1917) ;  Fitzgerald 
n  Journ.  &  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  W.  Austral,  iii.  112  (1918);  Breakwell, 
masses  and  Fodder  PI.  N.S.  Wales,  200,  fig.  97  (right)  (1923).  It  is 


16 


probable  that  other  references  in  Australian  botanical  literature  which 
are  under  the  above  names  or  under  Iseilema  Mitchellii  may  refer  at 
least  in  part  to  this  species.— C.  E.  Hubbard. 

Iseilema  calvum. 

Fig.  1,  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  spathe  ;  3,  raceme  ;  4,  involucral  spikelet ;  5-8, 
details  of  involucral  spikelet : — 5,  lower  glume,  from  inside  ;  6,  upper  glume,  from 
outside  ;  7,  lemma  of  the  lower  floret,  with  male  flower ;  8,  lodicules ;  9,  fertile 
and  pedicelled  spikelets ;  10-17,  details  of  fertile  spikelet: — 10,  lower  glume; 
11,  upper  glume  ;  12,  lemma  of  the  lower  floret ;  13,  lemma  of  the  upper  floret ; 
14,  pistil;  15  and  16,  caryopsis ;  17,  transverse  section  of  caryopsis.  Figs.  2-7, 
9-17,  x  6 ;  fig.  8,  x  16. 


3287 


Tabula  3287. 

ASPLENIUM  PAUCIJUGUM  Ballard. 

POLYPODIACEAE. 

A.  paucijugum  Ballard  ;  species  nova,  A.  longicaucUie  Hook,  proxima, 
a  quo  foliis  1-2-jugatis  atro-viridibus,  stipitibus  laminis  aequilongis 
vel  longioribus,  soris  inter  costam  et  margines  aequaliter  dispositis 
distinguitur. 

Rhizoma  longe  repens,  paleis  exclusis  usque  3  mm.  crassum,  paleas 
pallide  brunneas  vel  atro-brunneas  lanceolatas  acuminatas  deciduas 
gerens.  Folia  fasciculata,  usque  50  cm.  longa,  simplicia  vel  semel 
pinnata  (imparipinnata),  pinnis  unijugatis  vel  raro  bijugatis.  Stipes 
usque  30  cm.  longus,  plerumque  lamina  longior,  pallidus,  juvenilis 
paleis  anguste  lanceolatis  vel  capillaribus  plus  minusve  squamosum 
demum  glabrescens.  Pinnae  (vel  folia  simplicia)  oblongo-ellipticae  vti 
lanceolatae,  4-20  cm.  longae,  1 -8-6-5  cm.  latae,  terminalis  lateralibus 
plerumque  paullo  major,  acuminatae,  apice  cauda  lineari  usque  2  cm. 
longa  saepe  terminatae,  cauda  gemmam  proligeram  nonnunquam 
gercnte,  atrovirides,  herl.aceae  vel  tenuiter  coriaceae,  mamnibus 
sinuatae  vel  crenato-serratae,  basi  leviter  cordatae  usque  cuneatae 
glabrae.  Son  numerosi,  inter  costam  et  margines  oblique  et  aequaliter 
dispositi,  nec  costam  nec  margines  attingentes. 

French  Guinea.  Between  Lola  and  Nzo,  Chevalier  20994  (Herb. 
Uiev.) ;  between  Timbikounda  and  Farakoro,  Chevalier  20627  (Herb 
Chev.) ;  Kouria,  Caille  14714,  14715  (Herb.  Chev.). 

Ivory  Coast.  Mt.  Nieuokue,  500  m.,  granitic  formation  20  km. 
JN.lv  of  Fort  Binger,  Chevalier  19480  (Herb.  Chev.). 

‘)7^12>LD  ^'0AST  ^ear  ttompata,  225  m.,  in  forest,  Jan.  1933,  Vujnv, 

®T-  Thomas  Island.  In  shady  woods,  750  m.,  Dec.  1860,  Welwitsch 
63  ;  800  m.,  Mailer  19. 

Uganda.  Lake  Victoria,  Sesse  Island,  1170  m.,  Dawe  72. 

Tanganyika  Territory.  Usambara  District,  Silai,  virgin  forest, 

cb.  1893,  Holst  2307  ;  Gonja,  virgin  forest,  Sept.  1893,  Holst  4246 
(type). 

Madagascar.  Without  locality,  Humblot  314. 


2 


The  recognition  of  the  present  species  is  the  outcome  of  an  attempt  to 
separate  Asplenium  longicauda  Hook,  from  a  mass  of  herbarium  material 
which  has  been  erroneously  associated  with  it.  Good  characters  are 
readily  found  to  maintain  a  strict  A.  longicauda  though  the  specimens 
gathered  here  under  A.  paucijugum  do  not,  it  must  be  confessed,  main¬ 
tain  the  same  high  degree  of  homogeneity. 

Hooker’s  A.  longicauda  possesses  the  following  characters  : — 

1.  The  greyish  green,  almost  glaucous  blade. 

2.  The  2-4-jugatc  fronds. 

3.  The  terminal  pinna  usually  long-caudate. 

4.  Sori  nearer  to  the  margin  of  the  pinna  than  to  the  midrib. 

5.  The  angle  between  costa  and  lateral  nerves  ranging  from  37°-43°. 

6.  Stipe  apparently  shorter  than  the  blade. 

On  the  other  hand  A.  paucijugum  may  be  distinguished  as  follows  : — 

1.  The  blades  are  dark  green  in  colour. 

2.  The  fronds  are  simple  or  1-jugate. 

3.  The  terminal  pinna  is  acuminate  but  not  long-caudate. 

4.  The  sori  are  not  nearer  the  margin  than  the  midrib. 

5.  The  angle  between  costa  and  lateral  nerves  ranges  from  48°-65°. 

6.  The  stipe  is  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  blade. 


It  has  been  suggested  above  that  A.  paucijugum  is  not  so  homo¬ 
geneous  a  species  as  one  might  wish.  In  general  characters  the  speci¬ 
mens  resemble  one  another  fairly  well,  but  certain  differences  in  the 
rhizome  scales  lead  one  to  wonder  whether  some  of  the  plants  may 
possibly  represent  juvenile  states  of  other  well-known  species.  We 
have  in  Asplenium,  unfortunately,  a  genus  which  is  notoriously  difficult 
to  catalogue.  Christensen  has  indicated  this  very  clearly  in  hlS 
Pteridophyta  of  Madagascar,  pp.  85-86,  where  he  points  out  the 
astonishing  degree  of  variation  occurring  in  many  of  the  species  aim 
suggests  that  the  genus  may  be  passing  at  present  through  a  period  ° 
rapid  development.  * 

In  the  present  case,  one  has,  at  any  rate,  clarified  the  position  0 
Asplenium  longicauda  Hk.,  and  whether  A.  paucijugum  represents 
a  taxonomic  unit  or  merely  a  morphological  state,  is  a  matter  for  future 
investigation. 

A.  longicauda  in  the  strict  sense  is  found  only  in  Fernando  Po,  Princes 
Island  and  Gaboon.  A.  paucijugum,  on  the  other  hand,  enjoys  a  muc 
wider  distribution,  from  French  Guinea  in  the  west,  through  the  Go 
Coast  and  central  and  east  tropical  Africa  as  far  as  Madagascar  in  t 
east. — F.  Ballard. 


FlO.  1,  entire  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  rhizome  scale,  x  24. 


3£dQ 


S.R-C. 


Tabula  3288. 

SENECIO  JOHNSTONI  Oliver. 
Compositae.  Tribus  Senecionideae. 


s.  Johnstoni  Oliver  in  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.,  Bot.,  ser.  II.  ii.  340,  t.  60 
(1887) ;  Mildbr.  in  Fedde,  Kepert.  xviii.  229  (1922) ;  a  S.  kilimanjari 
Mildbr.  foliis  tenuibus  glabris  ovatis  longe  petiolatis,  capitulis  anguste 
campanulatis,  florum  radii  ligulis  patentibus  aureo-flavis  distinguitur. 


Arbor  usque  10  m.  alta.  Truncus  pro  rata  elongatus,  tenuis,  usque 
20  cm.  crassus,  valde  ramosus,  foliis  marcescentibus  non  vestitus 
inferne  cortice  crassiusculo  obtectus.  Folia  pauca,  longe  petiolata 
tenuia  (desiccatione  membranacea),  ovata  vel  ovato-orbiculata,  cordata* 
dentata,  basin  versus  interdum  fere  serrata,  dentibus  hvdathodiis 
coronatis ;  lamina  25-40  cm.  longa,  20-30  cm.  lata  (in  plantis  iuveni- 
libus  non  ramosis  saepe  majoribus),  supra  glabra,  infra  primum  leviter 
pilosa  demum  glabrescens,  costa  et  nervorum  basibus  pubescentibus 
nervis  lateralibus  distinctissimis  1-2  cm.  distantibus;  petiolus  usque 
20  cm.  longus,  anguste  alatus,  1-2  cm.  latus  alis  inclusis,  basin  versus 
latmr.  Injkrescenha  bracteata,  paniculata,  usque  1  cm.  alta,  capitulis 
in  ramulis  lateralibus  gracilibus  adscendentibus  laxe  dispositis-  axis 
ramulique  primum  leviter  pilosi  demum  glabrescentes ;  bracteae 
inferiores  foliosae,  obovato-panduratae.  Cajntula  heterogama,  anguste 
campanulata  12  cm.  longa,  8-10  mm.  lata,  longissime  pedunculate. 
Involucn  bracteae  3-senatae,  extimae  lineares,  10  mm.  longae,  1  mm. 
latae,  interiors  2-senatae,  oblongo-lanceolatae,  11-12  mm. ’longae, 
atae'  /hrCS  Tadii  Pauci  (]°-15)>  lon"°  Hgulati,  aureo-flavi ; 
f <•'  a Qm  longa,  4-5  mm.  lata.  Flores  disci  pro  rata  pauci 

„Y  ca  "  ^  ,  ln*prnc  cylindrico,  supcrne  leviter  dilatato ;  antberae 
exsertae.  Achaenia  matura  non  vidi. 


t  ;r^«A™KA-  Southern  slopes  of  Kilimanjaro,  2550-3000  m.  (rarely 
1  tm  H.  II.  Johnston  15,  partim  ;  above  Marangu,  Sept. 

P  /  volke.ns  958  (Herb.  Berol.  et  Mus.  Brit.);  Urwald,  March  1906, 
•  Jaeqer  158  (Herb.  Mus.  Brit.) ;  Bismarck  Hut,  Aug.  1930,  B.  D. 
writ  4005  ;  above  Bismarck  Hut,  Aug.  1931,  F.  R.  Sanders  14 ; 
Urnllwc  and  Weru  Weru  rivers,  Aug.  1932,  P.  J.  Greenway 
3152  above  Bismarck  Hut,  Feb.  1934,  P.  J.  Greenway  3852. 


2 


S.  Johnstoni  was  the  first  representative  of  the  tree  Senecios  of  the 
African  equatorial  mountains  to  be  discovered.  It  was  collected  by 
Sir  Harry  Johnston  during  his  expedition  to  Kilimanjaro  in  1884,  and 
was  described  by  Daniel  Oliver  in  1887  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Linnean  Society.  In  the  light  of  the  knowledge  which  we  have  to-day, 
it  is  obvious  that  the  name  covered  more  than  one  species.  Oliver 
pointed  out,  indeed,  that  the  two  specimens  of  inflorescence  at  KeW 
showed  important  differences  in  the  form  of  their  capitula. 

For  35  years,  however,  any  tree  Senecio  observed  or  collected  on 
Kilimanjaro  was  referred  to  S.  Johnstoni .  It  was  not  until  after  the 
well-known  paper  by  R.  E.  and  Th.  Fries  on  the  Senecios  of  Mt.  Kenya 
and  the  Aberdares  had  emphasized  the  presence  of  several  species  on 
those  mountains  that  a  second  species,  S.  kilimanjari,  was  detected  by 
Dr.  J.  Mildbraed  amongst  the  material  in  the  Berlin  Herbarium.  But 
the  true  position  with  regard  to  the  occurrence  and  distribution  of  the 
species  on  Kilimanjaro  was  only  realized  after  the  publication  of  the 
third  one  in  1930  (Kew  Bull.  1930,  108).  Of  this  species  (S.  Cottonii)f 
the  most  striking  and  perhaps  the  most  abundant  of  the  three, 
magnificent  illustrations  showing  the  habit  had  already  been  published 
by  Engler  under  the  name  of  S.  Johnstoni .  After  the  discovery 
of  S.  Cottonii  a  detailed  questionnaire  with  regard  to  the  many 
discrepancies  in  the  literature  was  sent  to  all  botanists  likely  to  be 
interested,  and  as  a  result  ample  material  with  valuable  notes  were 
received  at  Kew.  By  means  of  these  it  has  been  possible  to  elucidate 
the  problems  presented  in  the  old  accounts  and  to  correct  the  errors 
which  have  occurred  in  nearly  all  papers,  including  that  in  K.B.  1930. 

It  is  now  known  that  there  are  three  very  distinct  species  on  Kilima¬ 
njaro,  and  that  these  occur  in  zones  in  different  ecological  habitats, 
namely,  in  the  forest,  the  subalpine  zone  and  the  high  alpine  zone* 
The  species  are,  moreover,  quite  distinct  from  those  at  corresponding 
altitudes  on  other  mountains.  These  high  mountain  Senecios  are,  in 
fact,  comparable  to  island  endemics,  being  separated  by  mountain 
plateaux  instead  of  by  seas.  The  uppermost  species,  which  are  the 
most  specialized,  are  very  distinct ;  the  lower  species  have  more  m 
common  with  each  other,  but  by  general  consent  they  are,  with  one  or 
two  doubtful  exceptions,  sufficiently  distinct  to  be  regarded  as  separate 
species.  Of  the  latter  group,  S.  Johnstoni  on  Kilimanjaro  is  one  of  the 
most  marked,  and  very  distinct — with  the  possible  exception  of  a  form 
on  Mt.  Meru  only  70  miles  distant — from  those  on  all  other  mountains*  v 
Most  of  the  references  in  the  literature  to  S.  Johnstoni  on  Kilimanjaro, 
and  all  the  records  of  its  occurrence  on  other  mountains,  refer  to  otne 
species. 

S.  Johnstoni  occurs  as  isolated  trees  or  in  small  groups  from  abou 
2550  m.  to  3000  m.,  in  very  moist  ground  or  actual  water  channels,  1 
the  uppermost  part  of  the  forest  belt.  It  is  confined  to  the  shade,  being 
found  either  in  the  forest  itself,  or  forest  islands,  or  in  ascending  tongu®^ 
of  forest  which  fringe  the  ravines.  This  being  the  case,  it  is  not  ^ 
conspicuous  as  those  which  occur  on  the  open  mountain  side. 


3 


result,  it  has,  since  Johnston’s  time,  been  generally  overlooked  by 
botanists,  a  fact  which  largely  explains  how  the  name  has  become 
associated  with,  or  indeed  actually  transferred  to,  each  of  the  other 
species. 

In  common  with  the  forest  species  on  other  mountains,  S.  Johnstoni 
is  less  striking  in  appearance  and  less  grotesque  than  the  alpine  forms. 
It  shares  with  them  the  habit  of  a  small  forest  tree,  well  branched  and 
possessing  a  slender  trunk  with  shoots  bearing  small  rosettes  of  relatively 
thin  leaves.  The  mass  of  marcescent  foliage  characteristic  of  the 
upper  species  is  absent.  The  large,  erect  inflorescence  is  lax  and  the 
capitula  are  small  and  campanulate.  These  characters  separate  it 
at  once  from  S.  kilimanjari  (3300-3600  m.),  and  still  more  so  from 
8.  Cottonii  (3450-4200  m.).  From  species  occupying  the  same  altitude 
on  other  mountains  it  is  distinguished  by  the  large,  ovate  or  orbiculate- 
ovate  leaves  with  cordate  base,  and  by  the  long,  slightly  winged  petiole 
(A  very  similar  plant  but  with  thin  leaves  tending  to  be  elliptical  with 
or  without  a  cordate  base,  has  been  discovered  by  Mr  Greenwav  in  a 
particular  area  on  Kilimanjaro.  The  taxonomic  status  of  this  plant  is 
uncertain  and  the  diagnosis  of  S.  Johnstoni  has  not  been  modified  to 
include  it.) — A.  D.  Cotton. 


Fio.  1,  under  surface  of  mature  leaf,  x  &  ;  2.  Dortinn  nf  j 

of  leaf  showing  hydathodes,  x  4;  3,  inflorescence,  natural  size  ?  4 
campanulate  capitulum,  natural  size  .  5,  portion  of  reccp  ac  e  ’  xfifillfl7 
x  4  ;  7,  style  and  stigma  of  ray  flower,  x  6 ;  8,  disk  flower  x  «’•  a  ray  ?owerI 
pappus,  x  10;  10,  group  of  three  stamens,  x  6:  11  swollen  nnrH  9’  F  2ffcl011  of 
x  60;  12,  poUen  grain,  x  450*  13  *•  portion  of  filament, 

14,  stigma  of^disk  flower,  x  6  = 


Tabula  3289. 

SENECIO  KILIMANJARO  Mildbraed. 
Compositae.  Tribus  Senecionideae. 


S.  kilimanjari  Mildbraed  in  Fedde,  Repert.  xviii.  229  (1922).  S.  John - 
stoni  auctt.  non  Oliver.-— Ab  affini  S.  Cottonii  foliis  brevibus  petiolis- 
alatis  et  lamina  infra  minus  lanata  cum  margine  tomentosa,  capitulis 
minoribuB,  florum  radii  ligulis  recurvis  pallide  flavis  distinguitur. 


Arbor  usque  5  m.  alta.  Truncus  crassus,  parce  ramosus,  foliis 
marcescentibus  saepe  usque  ad  basin  vestitus.  Folia  apice  trunci 
ramorumque  rosulato-conferta,  magna,  crassa,  ovata  usque  ovato- 
oblonga,  basi  obtusa  in  petiolum  latum  crassum  decurrentia,  dentata 
basin  versus  interdum  serrata,  dentibus  hydathodiis  magnis  coronatis  ; 
lamina  30-35  cm.  longa,  15-18  cm.  lata,  adulta  supra  glabra,  costa 
praeter  partem  superiorem  et  petiolo  dense  longeque  albido-lanato- 
tomentosis,  infra  crispato-pilosa,  costa  dense  longeque  albido-sericeo- 
lanata,  margine  inter  dentium  apices  glabros  albo-lanato-tomentosa 
nervis  lateralibiis  modice  distinctis  1-2  cm.  distantibus ;  petiolus 
usque  8-10  cm.  longus,  late  alatus,  3-4  cm.  latus  alls  inclusis.  Inilor- 
escentia  bracteata,  pamculata,  usque  1  cm.  alta,  capitulis  in  ramulis 

aShbbS  adt3Cendeftl-  ,US  dr,Se  dlsP°sitis  ’>  axis  ramulique  dense  albo- 
lanati  bracteae  inferiors  foliosae,  oblongae  vcl  oblongo-lanceolatae 
Caytiuld  hcterogama,  late  campanulata,  15  mm.  lata,  10  mm  longa’ 
breviter  pedunculata.  Involucri  bracteae  3-seriatae,  extimae  linear 
i  mni-1(ingae,  1mm.  latae,  mteriores  circa  16,  2-seriatae,  oblongo- 
lanceolatae,  11-12  mm.  ongae,  2-4  mm.  latae.  Flores  radii  pauci 
(lO-lo),  longe  hgulati,  pallide  flavi ;  ligula  14-15  mm.  longa,  3-4  mm. 
ata  recurva .  h  lores  disci  circiter  105,  tubo  inferne  cylindrico  superne 
CV1  er  diiatato ;  antherae  exsertae.  Achaenia  matura  non  vidi. 


bJANGA^yiKA  Territory.  Southern  slopes  of  Kilimanjaro  :  chiefly 
mre»o  S“  and  3450  m*’  Nov*  1889>  H-  ntyer  319  Oct.  1891, 
(Herb.  Amani.) ;  Oct.  1893,  Vollcens  1173  ;  Oct.  1902,  Engler 
/Tr  1^98,  Alluaud  70  (Herb.  Paris.) ;  1912,  Janssens  s.n. 

Ulerb  Brux.)  ;  below  Peter’s  Hut,  3300  m.,  July  1931,  W.  A.  Robertson 
Peter?S  Hut’  3390  Aug*  1931>  f-  R-  Sanders  6,  7  ;  Dec. 

4660,  4667,  4671,  4698;  below  Peter’s  Hut,  330(3  m., 
n  ^934,  P.  J.  Greenway  3793.  Mt.  Meru  :  South  side,  in  Erica  region, 
*100  m.,  Nov.  1901,  Uhlig  685  (fide  Mildbraed). 


2 


As  explained  under  plate  3288,  this  Kilimanjaran  species,  which  for 
35  years  had  passed  as  a  form  of  S.  Johnstoni ,  was  described  by  Mild- 
braed  in  1922.  No  flowers  were  available,  but  the  leaves  afforded  good 
characters.  His  paper  has  been  largely  overlooked  and  apparently 
Engler  did  not  accept  his  view  (Pflanzenwelt  Afrikas,  Band  5,  Heft  1, 
p.  265).  Recent  material  confirms  the  validity  of  Mildbraed’s  species, 
and  the  specimens  he  cited  have  been  verified  and  found  correct.  His 
statement,  however,  as  to  the  altitudinal  range  must  be  modified,  since 
it  covered  also  the  uppermost  species  ( S .  Cottonii). 

S.  kilimanjari  occurs  in  boggy  meadows  and  in  ravines  in  the  sub- 
alpine  zone  and  is  apparently  plentiful  above  Moshi  since  abundant 
material  from  this  area  exists  in  the  Berlin  Herbarium.  It  is  the  species 
which  occurs  in  the  bog  at  about  3300  m.  on  the  track  from  Marangu 
to  Peter’s  Hut,  and  was  illustrated  by  the  writer  (Kew  Bulletin  1930, 
108).  Being  distinct  from  S.  Cottonii  it  was  at  the  time  regarded  as  a 
form  of  S.  Johnstoni.  The  species  apparently  seldom  flowers,  since  no 
fertile  material  exists  at  Berlin,  and,  though  specially  sought  for  by 
various  botanists  during  the  past  four  years,  no  good  flowers  were 
observed  until  1934,  when  they  were  collected  and  forwarded  to  Kew 
by  Mr.  P.  J.  Greenway.  From  S.  Cottonii ,  to  which  it  is  clearly 
allied,  it  differs  in  certain  small  but  definite  and  constant  particulars. 
The  leaf  characters  which  separate  it  are  the  much  less  dense  indumen¬ 
tum  of  the  lamina,  the  very  marked  marginal  rim  of  white  woolly 
tomentum  interrupted  only  by  the  hydathodes,  and  the  petiole  con¬ 
sisting  of  a  short,  very  broadly  winged  leaf  base.  In  S.  Cottonii  the 
very  dense  indumentum  of  the  lamina  is  uniform,  and  the  exceedingly 
long,  stout  petiole  is  not  winged.  The  floral  differences  consist  in  the 
smaller  capitula,  with  about  100  flowers  instead  of  150,  the  fewer 
involucral  bracts  and  the  conspicuous  ray  florets  the  ligules  of  which 
are  reflexed.  Greenway  notes,  moreover,  that  the  flowers  are  lemon- 
coloured,  whereas  those  of  S.  Cottonii  are  orange.  The  two  species 
overlap  at  Peter’s  Hut  but  no  trace  of  intermediates  has  been  found. 

A.  D.  Cotton. 

Fig.  1,  under  surface  of  leaf,  x  2,  margin  of  under  side  of  leaf  showing 
hydathodes  and  marginal  rim  of  tomentum,  x  3;  3,  inflorescence,  natural  size ; 
4,  portion  of  receptacle,  x  6;  5,  ray  flower,  x  4 ;  6,  style  and  stigma  from  ray 
flower,  x  6  ;  7,  disk  flower,  x  4  ;  8,  group  of  stamens,  x  6;  9,  pollen  grain,  x  450 
(approx.);  10,  stigma  of  disk  flower,  x  12  ;  11,  immature  achene,  x  8. 


J2J0 


Tabula  3290. 

SENECIO  COTTONII  Hutch,  et  Taylor. 

Compositae.  Tribus  Senecionideae. 

S.  Cottonii,  Hutch,  et  Taylor  in  Kew  Bull.  1930,  115  ;  S.  kilimanjari 
affinis,  a  quo  petiolis  robustis  longis  non  alatis  et  lamina  infra  dense 
albo-lanata,  capitulis  majoribus,  florum  radii  ligulis  brevioribus 
aurantiacis  distinguitur. 


Arbor  usque  5  m.  (raro  7  m.)  alta.  Truncus  crassus,  parce  ramosus 
foliis  marcescentibus  saepe  usque  ad  basin  vestitus.  Folia  ad  apicera 
ramorum  rosulato-conferta,  magna,  crassa,  oblonga  vel  ovato-elliptica 
cordata,  integra  vel  dentata,  basin  versus  intetdum  serrata,  dentibus 
hydathodiis  magnis  coronatis  ;  lamina  30-35  cm.  (raro  usque  50  cm.) 
longa,  15-18  cm.  (raro  usque  25  cm.)  lata,  supra  primum  lanata  adulta 
glabra,  costa  senceo-ianata,  infra  dense  et  crebre  albo-lanata  costa 
longe  senceo-ianata,  nervis  lateralibus  modice  distinctis  1*5-2  cm 
distantibus  ;  petiolus  usque  15-20  cm.  longus,  cylindricus  vel  leviter 
complanatus,  dense  et  longe  lanatus,  superne2  cm.,  basin  versus  usque 
7  cm  latus.  Inflorescentia  bracteata,  paniculata,  usque  1  m  X 
capituhs  in  ramulis  lateralibus  adscendentibus  dense  dispositS-  axi! 
ramulique  dense  albo-lanati ;  bracteae  inferiores  foliosae,  oblanceolatae 
CapUula  heterogama,  turbinata,  2-5  cm.  lata,  2  cm.  longa  longe 
peduncukta.  Involucn  bracteae  3-seriatae,  extimae  lineares,  8  mm. 
“m-  latf  ’  Snores  circa  20-22,  2-seriatae,  oblongo-lanceo- 

lmV  mm-  longae,’.'5'‘4  <raro  5)  mm.  latae.  Flore s  radii  pauci 
'  ’)/  yeves,  aurantiaci,  ligula  oblonga  7-9  mm.  longa  1-5-2  mm!  lata 

levi/Va^-i  !°le8  ^ lSC\  clrc*ter  tubo  interne  cylindrico,  superne 
glabra  dl  atat°  ’  antherae  exsertae.  Achaenia  6  ram.  longa,  striata, 


4/b,ANG ,S‘  Kilimanjaro,  3300-4200  m.,  upper  zone,  Oct.  1904. 
Al  ' 190  (Herb.  Pans.) ;  Forster  Thai,  Jan.  1913,  Grote  6094  (Herb, 
m  ,ni  iii  wi™out'  Precise  locality,  1927,  Piemeisd  and  Kephart  435 
34  ,  Bnt)  ;  above  Peter’8  Hut,  Sept.  1929,  Cotton  and  Hitchcock 

Pe’t»  >  ;  TTab0Ut  3900  m  >  Ju,y  1931>  W-  A-  Robertson  1,  2,  3  ;  above 
Fel.  ut’  ^ug-  4 031 ,  F.  R.  Sanders  3,  9  et  alii ;  up  to  4200  m., 
•  1934,  P.  J.  Greenway  3757,  3712. 


2 


The  specimens  on  which  S.  Cottonii  is  based  were  collected  by  Dr. 
A.  S.  Hitchcock  and  the  writer  on  Kilimanjaro  in  September  1929.  They 
were  recognized  by  Dr.  J.  Hutchinson  as  representing  a  new  species 
and  were  described  jointly  by  him  and  Dr.  G.  Taylor  of  the  British 
Museum,  the  latter  institution  possessing  specimens  collected  two  years 
previously  for  the  Washington  Herbarium  by  Messrs.  Piemeisel  and 
Kephart.  The  species  was  regarded  by  the  Engler  school  as  a  form  of 
S.  Johnstoni ,  as  may  be  learned  from  the  letterpress  to  Engler’s  photo¬ 
graph  of  a  group  of  trees  (Die  Pflanzenwelt  Afrikas  i.  Heft  1,  t.  18), 
and  elsewhere  he  states  “  die  letztere  Art  (S.  Johnstoni)  ein  sehr  ver- 
schiedenes  Aussehen  liber  4000  m.  und  bei  2900  bis  3000  in.  zeigt-  .  .  . 
phaenotypisch  .  .  .  nieht  genotypisch  ”  (op.  cit.  v.  Heft  1,  265).  .  It 
is  remarkable,  however,  that  practically  no  material  of  such  a  striking 
plant  had  been  collected,  especially  as  it  is  perhaps  the  most  abundant 
of  the  three  species,  a  single  gathering  at  Paris  and  another  at  Amani 
being  the  only  herbarium  specimens  in  existence  before  1927.  Since  its 
description  in  1930  it  has  been  collected  and  photographed  repeatedly, 
and  ample  material  now  exists  in  European  herbaria.  With  the  aid 
of  the  additional  specimens  the  original  description,  especially  as  to  the 
leaf,  has  been  amplified  and  emended.  .  . 

The  features  distinguishing  S.  Cottonii  from  S.  hlimanjari ,  which 
occurs  in  the  zone  below  it,  have  been  given  under  that  species  and  need 
not  be  repeated.  The  plant  is  characteristic  of  the  high  alpine  zone 
and  commences  at  about  3450  m.,  continuing  to  the  limit  of  general 
phanerogamic  vegetation,  i.e.  about  4200  m.  Isolated  weather-beaten 
specimens  may  occur  above  that  level.  It  is  a  water-loving  species 
occurring  in  ravines,  bogs,  or  shallow  pools,  the  surface  of  which 
in  the  upper  altitudes  is  often  frozen  over  during  the  night.  The 
plants  are  usually  shorter  than  the  two  lower  species,  though  at  about 
the  middle  of  the  zone,  between  Peter’s  Hut  and  the  saddle  in  the 
Mawenzi  direction,  very  fine  specimens,  tall  and  sometimes  well 
branched,  may  occur.  Engler’s  illustration  also  shows  very  tall  but 
less-branched  specimens. — A.  D.  Cotton. 

Fig.  1,  under  surface  of  mature  leaf,  x  J  ;  2,  portion  of  margin  of  under  surface 
of  leaf,  x  3  ;  3,  one  of  lower  branches  of  inflorescence,  natural  size ;  4,  portion 
of  receptacle,  x  6;  5,  ray  flower,  x4;  6,  disk  flower,  x  4;  7,  group  of  three 
stamens,  x  6;  8,  pollen  grain,  x  450  (approx.);  9,  stigma  of  disk  flower,  x  12; 
10,  achene,  x  8. 


J2V 


Tabula  3291. 

BARLERIA  TETRAGLOCHIN  Milne- Redhead-. 
Acanthaceae.  Tribus  Barlerieae. 

B.  (Prionitis)  tetraglochin  Milne- Redhead ;  species  nova,  affinis* 
R.  proximae  Lindau,  a  qua  spinis  longe  stipitatis,  floribus  majoribus 
albis,  calyce  glabro  facile  distinguitur. 


Planta  perennis,  lignosa,  spinosa  ;  caules  annotini  usque  40  cm.  longi ; 
eaules  novelli  florifcri,  erccti,  glabri,  sub  anthesin  usque  10  cm.  longi* 
nodis  sparse  minuteque  strigosis,  internodiis  usque  3  cm.  longis.  Folia 
subsessilia,  oblanceolata,  apice  acuta,  mucronata,  basi  angustata, 
circiter  3  cm.  longs  et  1  cm.  lata,  subtus  in  costa  sparse  et  minute 
strigosa,  margiue  minute  strigoso-ciliata,  ceterum  glabra,  supra  cyst.o- 
lithis  dense  instructs.  Spinae  axillares  stipitatae,  stipite  usque  1  cm. 
longo,  radiis  4  usque  1-3  cm.  longis  albis  patentibus  instructae 
Inflorescentiae  1 -2-florae,  axillares,  apicem  versus  ramulorum  ortae  • 
bracteae  anguste  lanceolatae,  concavae,  apice  spinosae,  circiter  2*5  cm’ 
longao  et  5  mm.  latae,  margine  et  in  costa  extra  minute  strigosa-' 
bracteoiae  anguste  lanceolatae,  leviter  concavae,  apice  spinosae’ 
circiter  -  cm.  longae  et  3  mm.  latae,  strigoso-ciliatae.  Calycis  sea- 
menta  4,  libera  glabra  ;  posticum  ovato-lanceolatum,  apice  spinosum 

]  [■  :  .“ff  J1-"'  “**'  mt“"  “ilpfesse  hirsute ;  anticum  lanceo- 

latum,  apice  integrum  vel  minute  bispinosum,  circiter  1*8  cm.  longum 
et  b  nun.  latum.  Corolla  alba,  circiter  4  cm.  longa,  bilabiata  ;  tubus 
cylindricus,  medium  versus  leviter  constrictus,  circiter  2  cm.  longus  et 
^  mm-  diametJ0,  superne  extra  minute  pubescens ;  labium  posticum 
-  cm.  ongum, 4-lobatum ;  lobi  obovati,  apice  rotundati,  basi  brevissime 
unginculati,  circiter  1*5  cm.  longi  et  1*2  cm.  lati ;  labium  anticum 
f,n  1  i  T}  ^  i°n£um>  integrum,  obovatum,  basi  in  unguem  angusta- 
um.  y  lamina  4;  duo  antica  circiter  17  mm.  longa,  filamentis 
angustissime  ligulat-is  puberulis,  antheris  dithecis  circiter  4  mm. 
ongis  ;  duo  lateralis  valde  redacts,  filamentis  vix  2  mm.  longis  hirsutis, 
an  ieris  dithecis  circiter  1*5  mm.  longis.  Discus  cupularis,  liber, 
margine  undulatus,  circiter  1  mm.  situs.  Ovarium  conicum,  circiter 
’  nim.  altum,  glabrum  ;  stylus  filiformis,  circiter  2*5  cm.  longus;. 
8  1KDla  subcylindrico-capitatum.  Capsula  non  visa. 


2 


Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan.  Kordofan  Province  :  near  dry  khor  east 
of  road  between  Dilling  and  Kadulgi,  Nuba  Mountains,  700-800  in., 
28  Jan.  1934,  Dandy  322  (type)  “  Woody  herb  with  basal  inflores¬ 
cences  ;  corolla  white.”  El  Fung  Province  :  near  Abu  Gemai,  15  Dec. 
1929,  Alymer  53  “  Herb  with  white  flowers.” 


This  very  beautiful  species  seems  to  have  no  close  ally  among  those 
hitherto  described,  though  in  certain  respects  it  appears  to  be  related 
more  closely  to  B.  proximo  landau  than  to  other  species  of  the  Section 
Prionitis.  It  is  readily#  distinguished  from  all  previcmisly  described 
members  of  the  section  having  two-lipped  corollas  by  its  spines  being 
in  fours  on  stalks  often  longer  than  the  spines  themselves.  Additional 
characters  distinguishing  it  from  B.  proximo  are  the  glaucous  leaves, 
the  larger  white  flowers,  and  the  glabrous  calyx  with  relatively  smaller 
lateral  segments.  The  specimen  figured  was  from  the  type  gathering 
made  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Dandy  of  the  Botanical  Department  of  the  Natural 
History  Museum,  and  kindly  presented  to  Kew  by  the  Keeper. 

E.  Milne-Repiiead. 

Fio  1  portion  of  plant,  natural  size ;  2,  bracteoles  and  calyx,  posterior  view, 
x2  •  3  same  with  bracteoles  and  anterior  calyx  segment  removed,  x 2  ;  4, lateral 
calyx  segment,  x  4  ;  5,  anterior  lobe  of  corolla,  x  2  ;  6,  part  of  corolla  with 
anterior  lobe  removed,  showing  stamens,  x  2  ;  7,  anterior  stamen,  x  3  ;  8,  pollen 
grain,  x  300  (approx.) ;  9,  disk  and  ovary,  x  8;  10,  stigma,  x  8. 


-  -  - 


Tabula  3292. 

BAMjERIA  PROXIMA  Liitdau. 
Acanthaceae.  Tribus  Barlerieae. 


B.  (Prionitis)  proxima  Lindau  in  Ann.  Istit.  Bot.  Roma  vi.  72  (1896) ; 
C.  B.  Clarke  in  Dyer,  FI.  Trop.  Afr.  v.  145  (1899).  B.  Smithii  C.  B. 
Clarke  in  Dyer,  FI.  Trop.  Afr.  v.  147  (1899)  partim,  non  Rendle.— ^ 
Species  a  B.  Smithii  Rendle  foliis  minoribus  et  angustioribus,  calycis 
segmentis  eglandulosis  in  spinam  angustatis  differt. 


Planta  perennis,  lignosa,  spinosa  ;  caules  basi  dense  ramosi,  usque 
15  cm.  longi,  novelli  dense  minuteque  puberuli,  nodis  sparse  et  adpresse 
strigosis,  internodiis  brevibus  usque  1  cm.  longis.  Folia  subsessilia, 
oblanceolata,  apice  acuta,  spinoso-mucronata,  basi  attenuata,  usque 
2*6  cm.  longa  et  9  mm.  lata,  utrinque  minute  strigosa,  cystolithis 
inconspicuis  instructa.  Spinae  axillares  subsessiles,  radiis  4  gracilibus 
usque  2*6  cm.  longis  albis  patentibus  instructae.  Injlorescentiae 
uniflorae,  axillares,  apicem  versus  ramulorum  spicatim  aggregatae  ; 
bracteae  inferiores  foliis  similes,  superiores  angustiores ;  bracteolae 
lineares,  spiniformes,  usque  1*5  cm.  longae,  infenie  leviter  compressae 
concavae,  ciliatae,  superne  glabrae,  pruinosae.  Calycis  segmenta  \\ 
libera ,  posticum  ovato-ellipticum,  superne  in  spinam  angustatum 
circiter  1-5  cm.  longum  et  4  mm.  latum,  extra  inferne  sparse  adpresse 
hirsutum,  superne  glabrum,  pruinosum,  intus  inconspicue  adpresse 
pubescens  ,  lateralia  anguste  lanceolata,  apice  spinosa,  circiter  1*1  cm. 
longa  et  1*5  mm.  lata,  extra  subadpresse  hirsuta,  intus  inconspicue 
adpresse  pubescentia ;  anticum  ovato-ellipticum,  acuminatum,  apice 
minute  bispinosum  vel  integrum,  circiter  1  •  3  cm.  longum  et  4  mm.  latum, 
ut  segmentum  posticum  pubescens.  Corolla  flava,  fauce  sanguinea, 
circiter  3  cm.  longa,  bilabiata ;  tubus  cylindricus,  supra  medium 
leviter  constrictus,  circiter  1-2  cm.  longus  et  2-5  mm.  diametro, 
superne  extra,  ut  limbus,  minute  pubescens  ;  labium  posticum  circiter 
1'8  cm.  longum,  infenie  tubiforme,  superne  expansum,  4-lobatum  ; 
mbi  postici  obovati,  in  unguem  angustati,  apice  rotundati,  circiter 
} ’  1  cm.  longi  et  6  mm.  lati ;  lobi  laterales  elliptiei,  apice  subacuti,  basi 
m  unguem  latiorem  angustati,  circiter  1  cm.  longi  et  6-5  mm.  lati; 
labium  anticum  ellipticum,  apice  rotundatum,  haud  unguiculatum, 
mm.  longum  et  4-5  mm.  latum.  Stamina  4  ;  duo  antica  circiter 
1*7  cm.  longa,  filamentis  angustissime  ligulatis  minute  puberulis, 


2 


antheris  dithecis  circiter  3  mm.  longis ;  duo  lateralia  valde  redacta, 
filamentis  vix  1  mm.  longis  hirsutis,  antheris  dithecis  irciter  1  mm. 
longis.  Discus  cupularis,  liber,  margine  irregulariter  undulatus, 
circiter  1  mm.  altus.  Ovarium  conicum,  circiter  3  mm.  altum,  interne 
glabrum,  superne  puberulum  ;  stylus  filiformis,  circiter  2-2  cm.  longus, 
glaber ;  stigma  cylindrico-capitatum.  Capsula  disperma,  rostrata, 
1*2  cm.  longa,  superne  extra  minute  pubescens. 

Abyssinia.  Ogaden,  in  desert,  30  Dec.  1892,  Riva  366  (type  in 
Berlin  Herb.).  Bia  Kaboba  [Biyo  Kaboba],  900  m.,  17  Feb.  1900, 
Ellenbeck  304  (Berlin  Herb.). 

British  Somaliland.  On  stony  sandstone  slopes  north  of  Hargeisa, 
1300  m.,  23  Sept.  1932,  Gillett  3990  ‘j—  “  Flowers  bright-yellow  with 
crimson  centre ;  native  name  4  Godoh  Touleh  *  [full  of  thorn].” 
Hargeisa,  July  1929,  Mrs.  Burne  103  1 “  Somali  name  4  Aran  Ara.’  ” 
Hargeisa,  20  July  1894,  Donaldson  Smith  (Brit.  Mus.).  Adda  Galla 
[probably  Aidagalla],  James  and  Thrupp.  Ahl  Mountains,  in  rock 
fissures,  2000  in.,  March  1873,  Hildebrandt  857  (Brit.  Mus.).  Between 
Dobar  and  Hammer,  1897,  Sok  Soda,  1897,  and  Upper  Sheik,  1897, 
Mrs.  Lort  Phillips  (Brit.  Mus.). 


The  specimen  figured  on  the  accompanying  plate  was  from  the 
collection  made  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Gillett  when  he  was  attached  to  the  British 
Somaliland  Boundary  Commission  in  1932.  Mr.  Gillett  in  his  notes 
states  that  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Hargeisa  it  is  “  a  very  common 
and  widespread  species.” 

Through  the  kindness  of  the  Director  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  at 
Berlin,  the  specimen  has  been  compared  with  the  type  of  Barleria 
proximo  Lindau,  and  has  been  found  to  agree  very  well  with  that 
species.  The  slight  differences  between  some  of  the  measurements  here 
given  and  those  of  the  original  description  are  without  significance. 

B.  proximo  is  characterized  by  its  spines  being  arranged  in  fours  on 
very  short  stalks,  by  its  hairy  eglandular  spine-tipped  calyx  segments, 
and  by  its  two-lipped  corolla  which  is  bright-yellow  with  a  crimson 
throat  and  is  shortly  pubescent  outside.  Mr.  Gillett  collected  another 
specimen  (no.  4147)  which  is  very  closely  allied  to  B. proximo,  and  which 
may  prove  to  be  a  variety.  It  differs  in  having  the  spines  on  consider- 
a  >  e  stalks,  and  in  having  lemon-yellow  flowers  without  a  crimson 

throat. — E.  Milne-Redhead. 


4?,ai  i  °*  a  natural  size  ;  2,  lateral  view  of  flower,  with  corolla  removed 

to  Inw  r^«tn  ?ne  bracteolc>  X  3  ;  3,  calyx  with  posterior  segment  removed 

frnn'jJ  ;  \antri0r  8e«ment  of  calyx,  from  within,  x3;5,  lateral 
oAho  tulip  y  *i  *  ?  ’ .  ar?terior  lobe  of  corolla,  with  the  corresponding  part 
r  JnV*  j \  .  ft;„lV  eri?r  V1CW  of  rema*nder  of  corolla,  upper  part  of  lobes 
n  X  4;  0,  disk  and  ovary,  x  8  ;  10,  stigma,  x  8; 

11,  mfructescence,  with  posterior  calyx  segment  removed  to  show  capsule,  x  3. 


Tabula  3293. 

BARLERIA  QUADRISPINA  Lindav . 

Acaxthaceae.  Tribus  Barlerieae. 

B.  (Prionitis)  quadrispina  Lindau  in  Ann.  Istit.  Bot.  Roma  vi.  72 
(1896);  C.  B.  Clarke  in  Dyer,  FI.  Trop.  Afr.  v.  147  (1899)  partim ; 
affinis  B.  wagganac  Rendle  ct  B.  setigerae  Rendle,  a  qua  habitu  spino- 
sissimo,  calyce  glabro  difFert . 

Planta  perennis,  usque  2  dm.  alta,  lignosa,  spinosissima  ;  caules 
ramosi,  subquadrangulares,  novelli  glabri,  demum  minute  puberuli, 
nodis  sparse  et  adpresse  strigosis,  internodiis  brevibus  usque  1  cm. 
longis.  Folia  subsessilia,  oblanceolata,  apice  mucronata,  basiattenuata, 
usque  3*5  cm.  longa  et  1  cm.  lata,  utrinque  glabra  vel  pilis  adpressis 
in  nervos  sparsissime  inspersa,  et  cystolithis  dense  instructa.  Spinae 
axillares  stipitatae,  stipite  usque  8  mm.  longo,  radiis  4  gracilibus 
usque  2*5  cm.  longis  albis  patentibus  instructae.  Inflorescentiae. 
usque  4-florae,  infra  spinam  axillarem  apicem  versus  ramulorum 
ortae;  bracteae  primariae  foliis  similes,  usque  3*5  cm.  longae 
secundariae  minores  et  angustiores ;  bracteolae  floris  centralis  lineares* 
spiniformes,  usque  2-2  cm.  longae,  strigoso-ciliatae  et  parce  glandu- 
losae;  bracteolae  florum  lateralium  similes  sed  minores  Calycis 
scgmcnla  4,  plus  minusve  libera,  glabra;  posticum  lanceolatum,  subu- 
Iato-spmosum,  usque  1  *2  cm.  longum  ;  lateralia  similia,  1  cm.  longa  ; 
anti  cum  simile,  1*1  cm.  longum.  Corolla  alba,  circiter  2  cm.  longa, 
glabra ;  limbus  subaequaliter  5-lobatus,  haud  bilabiatus ;  tubus 
cv  lindricus,  haud  constrictus,  1*3  cm.  longus,  2  mm.  diametro ;  lobi 
postici  oblongi,  obtusi,  8  mm.  longi,  3*5  mm.  lati ;  lobi  laterales  obovati, 
«ul)acuti,  8  mm.  longi ;  lobus  anticus  obovato-oblongus,  apice 
rotundatus,  8  mm.  longus.  Stamina  4  ;  duo  antica  circiter  14  mm. 
onga,  filamentis  angustissime  ligulatis  minute  puberulis,  antheris 
dithecis  circiter  2  mm.  longis ;  duo  lateralia  valde  redacta,  fila- 
Juentis  vix  2  mm.  longis  hirsutis,  antheris  dithecis  vix  1  mm.  longis. 
Bivens  cupularis,  liber,  margine  vix  undulatus,  circiter  1  mm.  altus. 
'Varium  conicum,  circiter  3  mm.  altum,  glabrum  ;  stylus  filiformis, 
circiter  1-7  cm.  longus,  glabcr  ;  stigma  cylindrico-capitatum.  Cavsula 
^nota. 

Abyssinia.  *  Harar,  1889,  Robecchi  10  (type  in  Berlin  Herb.). 
Ankober,  Roth  487. 


2 


British  Somaliland.  On  stony  sandstone  slopes  north  of  Hargeisa, 
1300  m.,  23  Sept.  1932,  Gillett  3994  : — “  Flowers  white  ;  native  name 
*  Aran  Ad.’  ”  Okoto,  8  Sept.  1894,  Donaldson  Smith  (Brit.  Mus.). 

Barleria  quadrispina  Lindau  was  described  from  sterile  material. 
Uarke  (l.c.)  gives  a  description  of  the  flowers,  apparently  based  on 
B.  linearifolia  Rendle,  a  species  which  he  had  incorrectly  reduced  to 
the  synonymy  of  B.  quadrispina ,  and  which  has  two-lipped  corollas 
and  narrowly  lanceolate  calyx  segments.  It  is  practically  certain  that 
Roth  487  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  is  the  same  species  as  that  described 
by  Lindau,  and  Gillett  3994  also  agrees  very  closely  with  the  type  of 
B.  quadrispina.  Both  these  specimens  have  flowers  which  are  sub- 
equally  five-lobed,  and  subulate  tips  to  the  calyx  segments.  The 
specimen  here  figured  and  described  is  from  this  latter  gathering  and  is 
slightly  less  hairy  than  the  type,  whilst  in  Dr.  Roth’s  specimen  the 
indumentum  is  rather  more  plentiful. 

B.  quadrispina  is  closely  allied  to  B.  waggana  Rendle  and  B.  setigera 
Rendle,  both  of  which  occur  in  the  same  area,  and  agrees  with  them  in 
having  a  small  subequally  five-lobed  corolla.  It  differs  in  its  more  spiny 
habit  and  shorter  internodes,  and  in  the  calyx  being  entirely  glabrous. 
The  type  specimen  of  B.  setigera  Rendle  var.  pumila  Rendle  is  too 
incomplete  to  make  its  identification  with  B.  quadrispina  certain,  so 
I  refrain  from  quoting  this  variety  as  a  synonym. — E.  Milne-Redhead. 

Fia.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  anterior  view  of  inflorescence,  x  2  ; 
3,  a  bract  and  one  bracteole,  x  2  ;  4,  calyx  with  anterior  segment  removed  to  show 
pistil,  x  4  ;  5,  posterior  and  lateral  segment  of  calyx,  from  within,  x  4  ;  6,  anterior 
lobe  of  corolla  with  corresponding  part  of  tube,  x  3  ;  7,  anterior  View  of  remainder 
cf  corolla,  x  3  ;  8,  anterior  stamen,  x  6  ;  9,  disk  and  ovary,  x  8  ;  10,  stigma,  x  8. 


J2?4 


Tabula  3294. 

CUPHEA  HINTONI  Bullock. 

Lythraceae.  Tribus  Lythreae. 

C.  (§  Ornithocuphea)  Hintoni  Bullock ;  species  nova,  speciosa,  C. 
avigerae  Robins,  et  Seaton  affinis,  sed  disco  filiformi  elongato  basin 
versus  calyci  adnato,  floribus  null  to  majoribus,  calcari  multo  longiore, 
petalis  saturate  purpureis  multo  majoribus  facile  distinguenda. 

Herba  annua,  usque  ad  50  cm.  alta;  caules  graciles,  primum  pro- 
cumbentes  et  unilateraliter  radicantes,  sed  mox  erecti,  superne  leviter 
ramosi  internodiis  superioribus  pilis  longis  patentibus  glandulosis 
parce  obtectis,  ceterum  satis  dense  crispato-puberuli.  Folia  opposita, 
sessilia,  in  quovis  pari  saepe  inaequalia,  lanceolata  vel  anguste  ovato- 
lanceolata,  apice  acutiuscule  attenuata,  basi  truncata  vel  truncato- 
subcordata,  usque  ad  7-5  cm.  longa  et  basin  versus  2*5  cm.  lata,  sed 
plerumque  circiter  3  cm.  longa  et  1  cm.  lata,  tenuiter  penninervia, 
utrinque  scabriuscule  puberula,  inferne  mox  decidua,  superne  minora, 
bracteiformia.  Inflorescentia  foliata,  laxa,  e  ramulis  axillaribus  fili- 
formibus  circiter  1-6-floris  composita ;  braoteae  superiores  lineares, 
in  quovis  pari  maxime  inaequales,  altera  saepe  subnulla  ;  pedicelli 
filiformes,  glanduloso-pilosi,  circiter  5  mm.  longi,  bracteolis  1-3 
ininutissimis  vel  subobsoletis  praediti ;  flores  saturate  purpurei. 
Calyx  totus  2  cm.  longus,  horizontalis,  longissime  calcaratus,  glandu- 
loso-pilosus,  faucem  versus  purpurascens,  intus  glaber  et  dorso  leviter 
bialatus  ;  calcar  pallide  purpureum,  5-G  mm.  longum,  gracile,  obtusum, 
rectum  vel  leviter  adscendens  ;  lobi  6,  late  triangulares,  sub  anthesin 
patentes.  Petala  ut  videtur  subaequalia,  dorsiventraliter  patentia,  2 
dorsalia  elliptica,  circiter  6  mm .  longa  et  3  mm.  lata,  4  ventralia  obovata, 
5  mm.  longa  et  3  mm.  lata.  Stamina  1 1,  ut  in  iconc  biserialiter  inserta, 
polvmorpha  ;  filamenta  glabra,  vel  brcvitcr  vel  longe  pilosa,  ut  in 
icone  depicta  ;  antherae  ellipsoideae,  dorsifixae.  Ovarium  ambitu 
borizontaliter  lanceolatuzn,  glabrum,  4-6-ovulatum.  Stylus  gracilis, 
exsertus,  9  mm.  longus,  apice  stigmatoso-bifidus.  Discus  elongatus, 
filiformis,  ut  in  icone  calyci  adnatus  et  in  calcar  projectus,  post  anthesin 
delapsus.  Capsula  membranacea,  ovario  paullo  major.  Semina  4, 
lentiformia,  brunnea,  laevia  vel  minutissimc  punctulata,  in  sicco  leviter 
rugosa. 


2 


Mexico.  District  of  Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico :  Rincon  del 
Carmen,  in  woods,  Nov.  1932,  Hinton  2691  (type) ;  Rincon  del  Carmen, 
1340  m.,  under  oaks,  Oct.  1932,  Hinton  1958  ;  Rincon  del  Carmen, 
Nov.  1934,  Hinton  7008  ;  Nanchititla,  in  oak  woods,  “  very  sticky,” 
Nov.  1934,  Hinton  7069  ;  Tejupilco,  Dec.  1934,  Hinton  7079. 


The  most  striking  morphological  features  of  Cuphea  Hintoni  are  the 
long,  ascending,  straight  spur  and  the  peculiar  disk.  As  indicated 
above,  it  is  readily  distinguishable  from  C.  avigera  Robins,  et  Seaton, 
which  was  hitherto  known  only  from  Pringle’s  no.  4349,  collected 
near  Lake  Chapala  in  the  State  of  Jalisco.  Mr.  G.  B.  Hinton  has  now 
sent  specimens  of  this  species  (no.  2661)  from  Tejupilco,  District  of 
Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico,  collected  in  a  wet  barranca.  Dis¬ 
section  of  a  young  flower  shows  that  the  disk  is  represented  by  a  small 
knob  just  behind  the  ovary.  This  could  not  be  found  in  an  older 
fruiting  stage.  The  present  plant,  as  shown  in  fig.  8,  has  a  most 
remarkable  disk,  modified  to  form  a  nectariferous  gland  projecting  into 
the  spur.  In  this  case  the  disk  is  adnate  to  the  calyx  for  an  appreciable 
distance,  and,  as  the  flower  fades,  the  free  portion  withers  and  drops 
off.  The  pedicels  of  C.  Hintoni  show  very  minute  bracteoles,  which 
are  in  some  cases  almost  obsolete,  and  have  the  appearance  of  small 
tufts  of  hairs. 

Koehne  (in  Engler,  Pflanzenr.,  Lythrac.  80  :  1903)  recognized  twelve 
sections  of  Cuphea ,  of  which  the  last,  Diploptychia ,  included  three 
subsections.  Of  these,  Ornithocuphea ,  including  only  C.  avigera ,  was 
described  as  having  no  disk,  and  ebracteolate  pedicels,  by  which  it  was 
separated  from  subsections  Trichoptychia  and  Leioptychia. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  the  writer  has  thought  it  advisable  to  separate 
C.  avigera  and  C.  Hintoni  as  a  distinct  section,  to  be  distinguished  from 
section  Diploptychia  by  means  of  the  straight,  ascending  spur,  adnate 
disk,  and  relatively  few  ovules,  as  follows  : — 

Sect.  Diploptychia  Koehne . — Discus  manifestus,  liber,  parvus, 
deflexus;  ovula  satis  numerosa,  plerumque  10-30  sed  usque  62  (fide 
Koehne) ;  calcar  breve,  incurvum  ;  pedicelli  manifeste  bibracteolati. 
Herbae  perennes,  erectae,  plus  minusve  lignosae. 

Sect.  Ornithocuphea  ( Koehne )  Bullock ,  emend.,  status  novus.— 
Discus  calyci  adnatus,  parte  libera  subobsoleta  vel  filiformi  et 
elongata  ;  calcar  pro  rata  elongatum,  rectum,  adscendens ;  pedicelli 
minutissime  vel  subobsolete  1-3-bracteolati  vel  bracteolac  nullae.— 
Herbae  annuae,  baud  lignosae,  caulibus  basin  versus  procumbcntibus 
radicantibus. — Cuphea  subsect.  Ornithocuphea  Koehne,  l.c.  88,  179. 

The  formation  of  adventitious  roots  on  the  procumbent  portion  of 
the  stem  in  both  C.  avigera  and  G.  Hintoni  bears  no  relation  to  the 
insertion  of  the  leaves.  These  roots  are  strictly  confined  to  the  lower 
side  of  the  stem.  In  some  cases  the  testa  of  the  seed  is  still  attached 


3 


to  Mr.  Hinton’s  specimens,  and  it  can  be  clearly  seen  that  the  primary 
root  system,  developed  from  the  radicle,  remains  very  small,  the  chief 
absorptive  organs  being  the  later  developed  adventitious  roots. 

A.  A.  Bullock. 

Fig.  1,  entire  small  plant,  natural  size  ;  2,  longitudinal  section  of  a  flower,  x  2  • 
3,  portion  of  the  outer  surface  of  the  calyx,  x  4;  4,  upper  part  of  calyx  laid  open 
to  show  the  androecium,  x  4 ;  5,  one  of  the  three  glabrous  stamens  of  the  outer 
whorl,  x  12  ;  6,  one  of  the  two  long  stamens  of  the  inner  whorl,  x  12  ;  7,  one  of 
the  lateral  stamens  of  the  outer  whorl,  x  12 ;  8,  base  of  a  flower  in  longitudinal 
section,  showing  the  ovary,  disk  and  spur,  x  4 ;  9,  stigma,  x  40 ;  10,  capsule  x  4  • 
11,  seed,  abaxial  view,  x  6;  12,  seed,  transverse  section,  x  6. 


# 


32?& 


S.R-C. 


\ 


Tabula  3295. 

HINTONIA  LATIFLORA  var.  LEIANTHA  Bullock. 

Rubiaceae.  Tribus  Condamineae. 

Hintonia  Bullock.  Genus  novum,  affine  Portlandiae  P.  Br.,  a  qua 
foliis  herbaceis  haud  nitide  coriaceis,  capsula  septicide  dehiscente, 
seminibus  alatis  differt ;  a  Coutarea  Aubl.,  quacum  hactenus  confusum 
foliis  satis  longe  petiolatis,  corollae  tubo  recto  haud  asymmetrico,  limbo 
haud  obliquo,  capsula  ellipsoidea  levissime  compressa  6-8-costata 
plerumque  lenticellis  suberosis  ornata  septicide  dehiscente,  seminibus 
subpendulis  longe  recedit. 

Calyx  6-lobatus,  lobis  plus  minusve  foliaceis  anguste  lanceolatis 
acutis  demum  deciduis.  Hypanthium  turbinatum,  6-  vel  8-costatum. 
Corolla  infundibuliformis,  haud  obliqua,  alabastro  plicato-valvata  sed 
marginibus  scariosis  loborum  imbricatis,  6-  vel  8-lobata,  6-  vel  8-costata, 
lobis  late  triangularibus  sub  anthesin  late  apertis  apice  obtusiuscule 
apiculatis,  costis  e  sinibus  loborum  ad  basin  conspicuis  glabris  vel  inter- 
dum  valde  villosis  plus  minusve  anguste  aliformibus.  Filamenta  corollae 
tubo  basi  inserta,  recta,  filiformia.  Antherae  lineares,  basifixae,  introrse 
longitudinaliter  dehiscentes,  hand  vel  vix  exsertae.  Discus  annularis 
vix  conspicuus.  Ovarium  2-loculare,  placentis  septo  affixis  subcarnosis  * 
stylus  filiformis,  stamina  aequans,  apice  leviter  clavellato-bifidus. 
Capsula  ellipsoidea,  levissime  compressa,  conspicue  6-costata  atque 
lenticcllata,  septicide  dehiscens.  Semina  biseriata,  pendula,  numerosa, 
compressa,  satis  late  alata ;  testa  minutissime  punctulata. — Frutices 
erect i  vel  arbor es  parvae.  Folia  late  elliptica  vel  ovata,  vel  anguste 
lanceolata  vel  oblongo-lanceolata,  herbacea,  petiolata,  primum  plus 
minusve  pubescentia,  demum  glabrata.  Flores  solitarii,  speciosi,  albi, 
axillares,  pedicellati,  pedicellis  minute  bibracteolatis  vel  ebracteolatis. 

Species  4-5,  Mexici  et  Guatemalae  incolae.  Typus :  II.  latiflora 
(kess6  et  Moc.  ex  DC.)  Bullock. 


H.  latiflora  (vide  p.  4)  var.  leiantha  Bullock ;  var.  nova,  a  typo 
on  bus  fructibusque  raulto  majoribus,  corollae  tubo  intus  fere  glabro, 
antheris  sesquilongioribus  recedit. 


2 


Frutex  vel  arbor  (parva),  ut  videtur  decidua  ;  rami  teretes,  primum 
Icnticellis  conspicuis  ornati,  demum  grisei,  lenticellis  suberiferis  incon- 
spicuis,  internodiis  laevibus  usque  ad  5  cm.  longis  vel  brevissimis,  cortice 
cicatricibus  foliorum  delapsorum  tuberculato.  Stipulae  triangulares, 
interpetiolares,  circiter  3  mm.  longae,  apice  acutae  vel  interdum 
2-3-dentatae,  demum  scariosae,  deciduae.  Folia  elliptica  vel  oblongo- 
elliptica,  petiolis  gracilibus  1-2  cm.  longis  ;  lamina  membranacea  usque 
ad  9  cm.  longa  et  4  cm.  lata,  apice  acutiuscule  breviter  acuminata,  basi 
in  petiolum  satis  abrupte  acute  angustata,  supra  glabra,  subtus  primum 
(axillis  nervorum  praesertim)  plus  minusve  pubescens,  mox  glabrescens, 
nervis  lateralibus  utrinsecus  6-7  arcuatis  venis  reticulatis  demum  (statu 
fructifero)  supra  conspicuis  subtus  obscuris.  Flores  albi,  speciosi, 
s^litarii,  ex  axillis  foliorum  superiorum  orti  *,  pedicelli  glabri,  2-  2  *5  cm. 
longi,  infra  medium  bracteolis  2  oppositis  lineari-subulatis  circiter 
3  mm.  longis  ornati.  Hypanthium  (receptaculum)  glabruin,  turbinatum, 
prominenter  6-costatum,  6  ram.  longum  et  apice  3-4  mm.  diametro. 
Calycis  limbus  fere  usque  ad  hypanthium  6-lobatus,  glaber  ;  lobi  sub- 
foliacei,  anguste  lanceolati,  apice  acutissimi,  inter  se  aequales,  2  cm.  longi 
et  basin  versus  3  mm.  lati,  basin  versus  aculeis  minutis  intus  et  margine 
ornati.  Corolla  infundibuliformis,  6-lobata,  6-angulata,  angulis  angus- 
tissime  membranaceo-alatis,  extra  glaberrima,  intus  basin  versus 
minutissime  et  parce  puberula  ;  tubus  usque  ad  7  cm.  longus,  basi 
2-5  mm.,  fauce  4*5  cm.  diametro;  lobi  arabitu  late  triangulares, 
rotundati,  obtuse  apiculati,  apiculo  minutissime  tuberculato,  circiter 
1-1*2  cm.  longi,  basi  2*5  cm.  lati,  sub  anthesin  declinato-patentes. 
Stamina  6,  corollae  tubo  basi  inserta ;  filamenta  recta,  filiformia, 
glabra,  4  cm.  longa  ;  antherae  lineares,  apice  acutae,  basi  breviter 
sagittatae,  basifixae,  2*5  cm.  longae,  vix  exsertae.  Stylus  circiter 
6*5  cm.  longus,  filiformis,  apicem  versus  tortus,  apice  clavellato- 
bifidus.  Capsula  ellipsoidea,  levissime  applanata,  3-4  cm.  longa  et 
(diametro  longiore)  2  cm.  lata,  conspicue  6-costata,  lenticellis  suberosis 
irregulariter  ornata,  demum  septicide  dehiscens.  Semina  imbricata, 
applanata,  elliptica,  alata  ;  testa  minutissime  punctulata. 


Mkxico.  District  of  Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico :  Ixtapan, 
1000  m.,  Aug.  1932  (fl.),  Hinton  1258  (type);  Luvianos,  July  1933 
(young  fl.),  Hinton  4317  ;  Nanchititla,  Feb.  1933  (fr.),  Hinton  3413. 
State  of  Sinaloa :  near  Culiacan,  Sept.  1904,  T.  S.  Brandegee  (U.S.) ; 
without  precise  locality,  Aug.  1897,  J.  N.  Rose  2281  (U.S.).  State  of 
Colima  :  without  precise  locality,  July  1897,  E.  Palmer  93  (U.S.). 


The  taxonomic  position  of  Hintonia  presents  something  of  a  problem, 
so  long  as  the  old  method  of  segregating  the  tribes  by  means  of  the 
presence  or  otherwise  of  winged  seeds  is  rigorously  maintained.  Port - 
landia ,  with  exalate,  angulate  seeds,  is  placed  in  the  Condamineae , 
whilst  Coutarea  with  winged  seeds  is  placed  in  the  Cinchoneae.  It  may 
be  safely  said,  however,  that  the  only  character  in  which  Hintonia 


/ 


3 


approaches  Coutarea  is  in  the  winged  seeds.  These  are  descending  in 
Hintonia,  but  almost  vertically  ascending  in  Coutarea.  In  addition, 
the  capsules  of  the  two  genera  are  markedly  dissimilar.  The  flattened 
obovate,  loculicidally  dehiscent  capsule  of  Coutarea  is  typical  of  the 
Cinchoneae ,  whilst  the  ellipsoidal,  scarcely  flattened,  strongly  ribbed, 
septicidal  capsule  of  Hintonia  is  similar  in  general  appearance  to  that  of 
Portlandia.  The  latter,  however,  is  loculieidal,  and  is  usually  crowned 
by  the  persistent  calyx. 

Examination  of  the  corolla  in  the  three  genera  concerned  shows  even 
closer  agreement  between  Hintonia  and  Portlandia ,  as  contrasted  with 
Coutarea.  The  last  genus  usually  has  a  curved  tube,  often  gibbous 
near  the  base,  and  contorted  aestivation  ;  Hintonia  and  Portlandia 
have  straight  tubes,  never  gibbous  at  the  base,  and  plicate-valvate 
aestivation  (the  scarious  margins  of  the  lobes  overlapping  in  an  imbri¬ 
cate  manner).  The  stamens  of  Coutarea  are  exserted,  and  have  strongly 
arcuate  filaments;  those  of  Hintonia  and  Portlandia  are  included  and 
have  straight  filaments.  The  leaves,  though  not  here  regarded  as 
presenting  characters  of  prime  generic  importance,  also  afford  useful 
indications.  In  Portlandia  they  are  leathery  and  shining,  whilst  in 
Coutarea  and  Hintonia  they  are  thinly  herbaceous  ;  in  the  latter, 
however,  distinctly  longer  petioles  are  found. 


Clavis  specierum  generis  Hintonjae. 

Flores  hexameri : 

Capsula  prominenter  pallide  lenticcllata,  costis  6  robustis  ornata, 
glabra ;  corolla  in  sicco  virescens ;  folia  plus  minusve  elliptica, 
circiter  5-9  cm .  longa  et  2  •  5-5  cm .  lata  ;  pedicelli  minute  bibracteo- 
lati : 

Capsula  circiter  2-2*5  cm.  longa;  calycis  lobi  circiter  1  cm. 
longi;  corolla  circiter  6  cm.  longa  ;  pedicelli  1-1*5  cm.  longi. 

1.  //.  latijlora. 

Capsula  4  cm.  longa  ;  calycis  lobi  2  cm.  longi  vel  ultra  ;  corolla 
8  cm.  longa  ;  pedicelli  2  cm.  longi  vel  ultra. 

1.  H.  latijlora ,  var.  leiantha. 
Capsula  vix  distincte  lenticellata,  pro  rata  parva,  circiter  1-1*5  cm. 
longa  ;  corolla  in  sicco  flavescens  : 

Folia  anguste  lanceolata  vel  oblongo-lanceolata,  10-12  cm. 
longa,  2*5  cm.  lata  ;  corolla  11  cm.  longa  ;  antherae  1*5  cm. 
longae  ;  capsula  robuste  6-cost.ata  ;  pedicelli  bibracteolati. 

2.  H.  Lumaeana. 

Folia  elliptica  vel  ovata,  4-7  cm.  longa,  2-4  cm.  lata  ;  corolla 
6  cm.  longa  ;  antherae  3  cm.  longae  ;  capsula  levissime 
6-costata  ;  pedicelli  ebractcolati . 3.  H.  Standleyana. 

Flores  octomeri ;  pedicelli  ebractcolati ;  folia  plus  minusve  elliptica, 
pro  rata  parva,,  circiter  2*5  cm.  longa,  usque  ad  1*5  cm.  lata. 

4.  //.  octomera . 


4 


All  the  specimens  cited  in  the  following  enumeration  have  been 
examined,  those  preserved  in  the  United  States  National  Herbarium 
at  Washington  and  not  represented  at  Kew  being  indicated  by  the 
letters  U.S.  in  brackets  after  the  collector’s  name  and  field  number. 

Enumeration  of  Species. 

1.  H.  latiflora  (Sesse  et  Moc.  ex  DC.)  Bullock ,  comb.  nov.  Coutarea 
latiflora  Sesse  et  Moc.  ex  DC.  in  DC.  Prodr.  iv.  350  (1830) ;  Alph.  DC. 
Calq.  Dess.  t.  458  (1874) ;  Hemsl.  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Bot.  ii.  12 
(1882)  ;  non  Standi,  in  North  Amer.  FI.  xxxii.  127  (1921),  nec  in 
Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb,  xxiii.  1367  (1926).  Portlandia  pterosperma 
S.  Wats,  in  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  xxiv.  52  (1889).  Coutarea  pterosperma 
(S.  Wats.)  Standi,  in  North  Amer.  FI.  xxxii.  127  (1921),  et  in  Contr. 
U.S.  Nat.  Herb,  xxiii.  1367  (1926). 

Mexico.  State  of  Sonora  :  near  Alamos,  Rose ,  Standley  and  Russell 
12870  (U.S.) ;  Guamas,  Palmer  298  (1887)  (type  of  Portlandia  ptero¬ 
sperma)  ;  Guaymas,  Johnston  3099.  Tres  Marias  Islands :  Maria 
Madre  Is.,  Nelson  4211  (U.S.) ;  Ferris  5602  (U.S.).  State  of  Chihuahua : 
Batopilas,  Doldman  223  (U.S.).  State  of  Sinaloa  :  Fuerte,  Rose , 
Standley  and  Russell  13499  (U.S.) ;  Mazatlan,  Ortega  5607  (U.S.) ; 
Rose ,  Standley  and  Russell  13786  (U.S.) ;  San  Bias,  Rose,  Standley  and 
Russell  13621  ;  Rosario,  Rose,  Standley  and  Russell  14540  (U.S.) ;  La 
Peonia,  Choix,  610  m.,  Montes  and  Salazar  635  (U.S.) ;  Culiacan, 
Palmer  1515  (1891)  (U.S.) ;  without  exact  locality,  Ortega  4845  (U.S.) ; 
6354  (U.S.).  State  of  Tepic  :  Acaponeta,  Rose,  Standley  and  Russell 
14352  (U.S.).  State  of  Durango  :  Sianori,  Ortega  5376  (U.S.).  State 
of  Mexico  :  Anonas,  Temascaltepec,  Hinton  6333.  State  of  Guerrero  : 
Acholtla,  900  m.,  Reko  5044  (U.S.). 

Many  of  the  specimens  cited  show  fruit  only,  and  these  vary  con¬ 
siderably  in  size  and  in  the  number  and  size  of  the  corky  lenticels, 
which,  the  writer  is  convinced,  are  of  great  taxonomic  importance,  at 
any  rate  specifically.  A  few  of  them  may  actually  belong  to  var.  leiantha. 

There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  Sess4  and  Mocino’s  Coutarea  latiflora, 
described  from  their  drawing  by  De  Candolle  in  the  Prodromus,  has 
been  wrongly  identified  by  later  authors.  The  drawing  and  descrip¬ 
tion  of  the  fruit  are  definitelv  indicative  of  the  later  described  Portlandia 
pterosperma  S.  Wats,  and  not  of  the  plant  accepted  by  Standley  as 

Coutarea  latiflora The  presence  of  conspicuous  lenticels  is  decisive. 
1  he  native  name  “  copalchi  ”  given  by  De  Candolle  is  almost  universally 
app  !c  to  /  ortlandia  pterosperma,  and  rarely  to  Standley’s  “  Coutarea 
latiflora ,  which  is  more  usually  called  “  quina  ”  or  “  falsa  quina.”  The 
native  names  are  probably  reliable,  since  the  bark  of  both  plants  is  of 
value-  copalchi  for  malaria,  lung  affections,  aud  for  pinto,  and 

quina  as  a  febrifuge. 

ihe  greater  part  of  both  drawing  and  description  is  equally  applicable 
to  both  plants,  the  only  feature  definitely  suggestive  of  Standby’s 


5 


“  Coutarea  latiflora ”  rather  than  Portlandia  pterosperma  being  the 
absence  of  bracteoles.  In  the  latter,  these  are  very  small  and  com¬ 
paratively  early  deciduous,  and  might  be  easily  overlooked  unless  their 
presence  or  absence  is  known  to  be  important.  It  is  suggested  that 
Sesse  and  Mocino,  not  realizing  their  importance,  neglected  them, 
whilst  De  Candolle,  at  once  observing  a  specific  character,  wrote 
“  .  .  .  pedicellis  ebractcatis.” 

The  balance  of  evidence  is  therefore  strongly  in  favour  of  the  identi¬ 
fication  adopted  above,  Portlandia  pterosperma  becoming  a  synonym 
of  Hintonia  latiflora,  and  Coutarea  latiflora  DC.  sec.  Standi,  receiving 
the  new  name  Hintonia  Standleyana. 

H.  latiflora  var.  leiantha  Bullock  (vide  p.  1). 

The  specimen  (Hinton  1258)  from  which  the  figures  of  the  flower  have 
been  drawn  is  so  strikingly  different  from  the  type  of  Watson’s  Port¬ 
landia  pterosperma  that  it  was  at  first  decided  to  describe  it  as  a  dis¬ 
tinct  species.  It  was  realized,  however,  that  the  material  available  for 
study  at  Kew  was  inadequate,  and  through  the  generous  loan  of  the 
material  in  the  United  States  National  Herbarium  the  writer  has  been 
able  to  examine  a  very  large  series  of  specimens,  most  of  which  had  been 
used  in  the  preparation  of  the  North  American  Flora.  These  show 
most  remarkable  gradations  in  nearly  all  the  characters  usually  con¬ 
sidered  to  be  of  specific  importance,  and,  taken  in  conjunction  with  the 
extensive  geographical  distribution,  given  in  some  detail  above,  indicate 
that  the  present  plant  is  no  more  than  an  extreme  form  which  is,  how¬ 
ever,  worthy  of  varietal  rank. 

The  variety  is  a  shrub  about  6  feet  high,  bearing  large  axillary  white 
flowers.  According  to  Mr.  G.  B.  Hinton,  the  macerated  leaves  are 
taken  internally  for  malaria,  and  boiled  in  a  bath  for  the  pigmentation 
disease  known  as  pinto.  The  vernacular  name  given  by  Mr.  Hinton  is 
“  copalche,”  a  name  which,  as  noted  above,  is  in  general  use  throughout 
Mexico  for  the  typical  form. 


2.  H.  Lumaeana  ( BaiU .)  Bullock ,  comb.  nov.  Coutarea  Lumaeana 
Baill.  in  Adans.  xii.  301  (1879) ;  Standi,  in  N.  Amer.  FI.  xxxii.  128 
(1921),  et  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb,  xxiii.  1367  (1926).  Portlandia 
Lumaeana  (Baill.)  Baill.  Hist.  PI.  vii.  333  (1880). 

Guatemala.  Dept.  Guatemala,  1500  m.,  May  1892,  Donnell- 
Smith  2757  : — “  In  hortis  Lumanis  seminibus  a  San  Jorje  (3000  pp.) 
in  Depart.  Chimaltenango  advectis  producta.” 

This  species,  the  only  one  confined  to  Guatemala,  is  at  once  distin¬ 
guished  by  its  long,  narrow  leaves.  The  fruit,  known  to  the  writer 
only  from  a  few  fragments  in  a  capsule  on  the  Kew  sheet,  shows  the 
ribs  characteristic  of  the  genus. 


6 


3.  H.  Standleyana  Bullock ,  nom.  nov.  Coutarca  latijlora  DC.  sec. 
Standley  in  N.  Amer.  Fl.xxxii.  127  (1921),  et  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb, 
xxiii.  1367  (1926) ;  non  Sess6  et  Moc.  ex  DC.  Prodr.  iv.  350  (1830). 

Mexico.  Chihuahua  :  Palmer  16  (1895) ;  Tepic :  Lumholtz  (U.S.) ; 
Puebla:  AndrieuxZSl ;  Pringle 8583;  SelerS 49 (U.S.,ex  herb. Berol.) ; 
Rose  and  Hay  5932  (U.S.) ;  Rose ,  Painter  and  Rose  10123  (U.S.). 
Oaxaca  :  Purpus  3279  (U.S.) ;  Conzatti  3966  (U.S.) ;  Reko  4253  (U.S.) ; 
Pringle  7473  (U.S.) ;  Pringle  and  Conzatti  271  (U.S.).  Guerrero : 
Nelson  6985  (U.S.) ;  Langlasse  234. 

Guatemala.  Gualan,  Beam  6365  (U.S.). 

An  extremely  variable  species,  particularly  as  to  the  amount  of 
indumentum  on  the  leaves,  hypanthium,  and  the  outside  of  the  corolla. 
With  an  even  greater  geographical  range,  it  is  at  once  distinguished 
from  H.  latijlora  (as  here  understood)  by  the  small,  almost  smooth  fruit, 
which  is  not  obviously  lenticellate.  As  pointed  out  above,  the  absence 
of  bracteoles  led  to  its  confusion  with  that  species.  In  the  dried  state 
the  two  species  are  readily  separable  by  means  of  the  colour  difference 
noted  in  the  key.  II.  Standleyana  is  used  in  Mexico  as  a  febrifuge,  and 
the  vernacular  name  is  “  quina,”  or  a  variant  thereof. 


4.  H.  octomera  (Hemsl.)  Bullock ,  comb.  nov.  Coutarea  octomera 
Hemsl.  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,Bot.  iv.  101  (1887) ;  Standi. in  N.  Amer. FI. 
xxxii.  127  (1921),  et  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb,  xxiii.  1367  (1926). 

Mexico.  Yucatan :  Cozumel  Is.,  April  1895,  Gaunter  148  (type) ; 
Fort  Silam,  1895,  Gaumer  682  ;  sin.  loc.,  Gaunter  27271  ;  Gaumer 
23780  (U.S.) ;  Chichen  Itza,  June  1929,  J.  Bequaert  40  (U.S.) : — 
Bush  about  15  ft.  high  with  somewhat  hanging  and  trailing  branches, 
and  white  flowers.” 


A  very  distinct  species,  at  once  characterized  by  its  octomerous 
flowers  and  comparatively  small  leaves.  It  is  the  only  species  occurring 
m  Yucatan.  The  size  of  the  flower  is  very  variable,  being  from  3  to  7 
centimetres  in  length. 


rwo  specimens  of  Hintonia  in  the  United  States  National  Herbarium 
co  ec  e  ^y  Dr.  B.  P.  Keko  at  Calabazas,  Jalisco,  in  1925,  are  named 
respectively  Coutarea  latijlora  M.  &  S.”  (no.  4882)  and  “Coutarea 
p  erosperma  (Wats.)  Standi.”  (without  number).  These  appear  to  be 
yr^er.  *8  inclined  to  the  belief  that  they  represent 
fruit  '  Cr  n  escri^etJ  sPecies  of  Hintonia.  Further  material,  including 
Afw  ZZZ?  befr  a  definite  conclusion  can  be  reached. 

nf  rvLiL  be  ?enus  Hintonia  from  the  Central  American 
B  pj,  rep>  a®  understood  by  Standley,  there  remains  only  one 
species,  O.  hexandra  (Jacq.)  K.  Schum.,  indigenous  in  that  regie/  Of 


7 


the  Mexican  specimens  of  this  species  seen  by  the  writer,  there  is  in  the 
Kew  Herbarium  one  from  Vera  Cruz,  collected  by  Dr.  Gouin  in  1867. 
This  is  an  extension  of  the  Mexican  range  (Oaxaca  and  Chiapas)  given 
by  Standley.  Coutarea  mexicana  Zucc.  et  Mart,  was  rightly  trans¬ 
ferred  by  Hemsley  to  Portlandia ,  in  which  genus  it  is  retained  by 
Standley.  There  are  thus  three  species  of  Hintonia ,  one  of  Coutarea 
and  one  of  Portlandia  indigenous  in  Mexico,  the  fourth  species  of 
Hintonia  being  confined  to  Guatemala. — A.  A.  Bullock. 


Fig.  1,  flowering  branch,  natural  size ;  2,  calyx  with  two  lobes  removed,  and 
gynoocium,  x  2 ;  3,  lower  part  of  calyx-lobe,  from  the  inside,  x  6 ;  4,  part  of 
corolla  and  androecium  thrown  open,  natural  size  ;  5,  tip  of  corolla-lobe  from  the 
outside,  x  2  ;  6,  base  of  corolla- tube  from  the  inside  to  show  the  insertion  of  the 
stamens,  x  3 ;  7,  infructescence,  natural  size ;  8,  fruit  in  longitudinal  section 
x  1*5;  9,  seed,  x  4. 


62% 


Tabula  3296. 

BOUVARDIA  CAPITATA  Bullock. 

Rubiaceae.  Tribus  Cinchoneae. 

B.  capitata  Bullock ;  species  nova,  floribus  fructibusque  sessilibus 
capitato-glomeratis  distinctissima. 

Frutex  ramosus,  1-2  m.  altus ;  rami  teretes,  primum  crispato- 
pubescentes,  mox  glabrati,  cortice  demum  pallide  pergamentaceo, 
internodiis  (ramulorum  floriferorum)  3-6  cm.  longis.  Folia  opposita, 
breviter  petiolata,  late  ovata,  usque  ad  7*5  cm.  longa  et  5  cm. 
lata,  apice  acuta  vel  acutiuscule  acuminata,  basi  plerumque  late 
rotundata  vel  truncata,  interdum  subcordata,  nonnunquam  breviter 
cuneata,  utraque  pagina  parce  crispato-pubescentia,  subtus  praesertim 
in  nervis,  le viter  discoloria,  nervis  lateral  ibus  utrinsecus  3-4  acute 
adscendentibus  marginem  versus  tenuissimis  arcuatis.  petiolis  pubes- 
centibus  circiter  3  mm.  longis  ;  stipulae  ut  in  icone  (fig.  2)  depictae. 
Flores  subsessiles,  apice  ramulorum  dense  capitato-glomerati,  in 
inflorescentias  iterum  atque  iterum  ternatim  ramosas  (ramis  valde 
contractis)  dispositi ;  singulae  triades  inflorescentiarum  florumve 
necnon  singuli  flores  singulis  vaginis  bractealibus  circumcinctae ; 
pedunculus  brevis  vel  subobsoletus ;  bracteae  exteriores  foliaceae, 
oppositae,  basi  vaginato-connatae,  interiorum  laminis  gradatim 
redactis  et  demum  obsoletis.  Calyx  4-lobatus,  lobis  erectis  sub- 
aequalibus  triangulari-lanceolatis  5  mm.  longis  1-1*5  mm.  latis  acutis 
extra  pubescentibus,  tubo  (hypanthio  excluso)  cylindrico  2  mm.  longo  ; 
hypanthium  minutum,  subglobosum,  glabrum.  Corollae  tubus  2  cm. 
longus,  lineari-cylindricus,  apicem  versus  levissime  ampliatus,  extra 
glaber,  intus  basin  versus  leviter  puberulus  ;  lobi  4,  cruciato-patentes, 
oblongo-ovati,  6  mm.  longi,  extra  levissime  striguloso-puberuli. 
Stamina  4,  fauce  inserta,  inclusa ;  filamenta  filiformia,  0*5  mm.  longa  ; 
antherae  oblongae,  2  mm.  longae,  dorsifixae.  Ovarium  biloculare  ; 
ovula  in  loculis  numerosa,  placentis  carnosis  septo  basin  versus  affixis. 
Discus  annularis,  carnosus,  leviter  4-crenatus.  Stylus  filiformis, 
exsertus,  2 •  3  cm.  longus  ;  stigmata  2,  linearia,  1  •  5  mm.  longa.  Capsula 
didyma,  circiter  7  mm.  diametro,  loculicide  dehiscens,  apice  calyce 
persistente  coronata,  glabra,  leviter  reticulata.  Semina  numerosa, 
nigra,  disciformia,  alata,  cum  ala  3  mm.  diametro. 


2 


Mexico.  District  of  Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico  :  Palmar,  in  a 
barranca,  plant  1  m.  high,  July  1934  (fh),  Hinton  6319  (type)  ;  Ixtapan, 
1000  m.,  by  the  river,  shrub  2  m.  high,  Aug.  1932  (ft.  jun.),  Hinton 
1268  ;  Tejupilco,  1340  m.,  in  oak  woods,  shrub  2  m.  high,  Nov.  1932 
(fr.),  Hinton  2657. 


Bouvardia  capitata  is  at  once  distinguished  by  its  congested  terminal 
inflorescence,  which  is  not  closely  paralleled  by  any  other  member  of 
the  genus.  The  inflorescence  is  evidently  a  much  contracted  ternately 
branched  cyme,  the  middle  “  branch  ”  at  each  forking  being  formed 
by  the  main  axis.  Each  flower  is  subtended  by  a  membranous,  more 
or  less  fimbriate  involucel  (fig.  5),  homologous  with  a  pair  of  sheathing 
stipules,  the  opposite  leaf-laminae  having  become  obsolete.  The  flowers 
with  their  involucels  are  combined  in  threes  into  partial  inflorescences 
enclosed  in  a  further  larger  involucel  of  similar  form,  as  shown  in  fig.  4. 
Here  two  rudimentary  leaf-  (or  bract-)  laminae  are  present.  The  partial 
inflorescences  are  again  combined  in  a  similar  manner,  and  again  the 
involucral  leaves  (bracts)  increase  in  size  at  the  expense  of  the  sheathing 
stipular  base.  This  process  is  repeated  until  the  bracts  assume  ordinary 
leaf-form,  and  the  stipular  sheath  is  reduced  proportionately.  An 
intermediate  stage  is  shown  at  fig.  3.  The  minute  bracteolar  appendage 
shown  in  fig.  5  is  apparently  not  a  constant  feature. 

Small  lateral  inflorescences  are  occasionally  produced  from  the  axils 
of  the  uppermost  pair  of  leaves,  but  this  apparently  is  merely  a  case  of 
predevelopment  of  branches  which  would  otherwise  remain  dormant 
until  the  following  year. 

On  the  old  stems  of  the  specimens  examined,  three,  four  or  five 
branches  arise  from  the  same  level,  although  in  every  case  the  leaves 
on  the  young  shoots  are  strictly  opposite.  This  is  due  to  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  secondary  buds  at  the  extreme  base  of  the  axillary  branches,  so 
that  at  later  stages  the  branches  appear  to  arise  from  the  same  node  on 
the  main  axis.  Such  buds  can  be  seen  in  some  cases. 

The  writer  has  been  unable  to  find  any  really  close  affinity  for  B.  capi¬ 
tala.  Applying  Standley’s  key  (in  FI.  N.  Amer.  xxxii.  100:  1921),  it 
falls  within  a  group  of  species  characterized  by  opposite  (not  whorled) 
>road  leaves,  relatively  large,  spreading  (not  erect)  corolla-lobes,  and 
glabrous  or  only  slightly  hairy  corolla-tubes.  It  is  not,  however, 
closely  related  to  any  of  the  thirty  species  enumerated  by  Standley. 

A.  A.  Bullock. 


/  tfixt'i  k™110!1’  natural  size ;  2,  stipule,  x  8;  3,  part  of  an  involucel 

v  •  r  l  ;  a  Partial  inflorescence,  showing  three  calyces  and  an  involucel, 

n  0Ht‘(*  in  its  involucel.  and  a  bracteolar  appendage,  x  3; 
stvle  X  l‘>  •  8  pnrnllWe|r  P,art  of  the  8ty*e,  x  12  ;  7,  stigmas  and  upper  part  of  the 
natural  size  •  10  <5pen  to  8how  the  androeeium,  x  3;  9,  infructcacence, 

natural  size  ,  10,  longitudinal  section  of  an  almost  mature  fruit,  x  2;  11, seed,  x  6. 


'LcJ-i 


Tabula  3297. 

BOTJVABDIA  CATAPHYLLABIS  Bullock. 

Rubtaceae.  Tribus  Cinceoneae. 

B.  cataphyllaris  Bullock  ;  species  nova,  affinis  B.  versicolori  Ker,  sed 
floribus  majoribus  paucioribus,  corollae  tubo  extra  distincte  pubescente, 
lobis  suberectis  obtusis,  habitu  stricto,  internodiis  ramulorum  multo 
longioribus  recedit. 


Frutex  erectus,  circiter  0*75  m.  altiis  ;  rami  annotini  graciles,  stricti, 
cortice  laevi  griseo  pergamcntaceo,  internodiis  5-7  cm.  longis,  foliis 
delapsis ;  ramuli  hornotini  lateralcs,  ex  axillis  foliorum  delapsorum 
orti,  plerumque  inflorescentiis  terminati,  usque  ad  4*5  cm.  longi  sed 
plerumque  breviores,  graciles,  dense  villoso-pubescentes,  basi  cata- 
phyllis  instructs  Folia  ramulorum  per  paria  duo  (rarissime  tria) 
disposita  ;  inferiora  parva,  subcataphyllaria,  circiter  5-9  mm.  longa  ; 
superiora  lanceolata,  vel  anguste  ovata,  apice  acuta,  basi  subcuneata 
usque  rotundata,  1*5-2 *5  cm.  longa,  5-8  mm.  lata,  discoloria,  subtus 
albicantia,  utraque  pagina  parce  pubescentia,  nervis  lateralibus  utrin- 
secus  2-3  obliquis,  petiolis  brevissimis  pubescentibus  ;  stipulae  cum 
petiolis  vaginato-connatae,  e  basi  subtruncata  subulatae,  parte  libera 
1  *5  mm.  longa.  Flores  in  cymas  3-5-floras  terminates  dispositi,  inter- 
dum  ex  axillis  foliorum  superiorum  solitarii ;  bracteae  lineares,  vel 
lineari-lanceolatae  et  inferne  valde  angustatae,  usque  ad  1  -  3  cm.  longae, 
sed  saepe  minores  et  interdum  filiformes  vel  subobsoletae  ;  braeteolae 
nullae  vel  minutissimae ;  pedicelli  pubescentes,  usque  ad  4  mm. 
longi.  Calijx  fere  usque  ad  hypanthium  subglobosum  dense  pubescens 
in  lobos  4  divisus  ;  lobi  iineari-subulati,  3-4  mm.  longi,  parcissimc 
pubescentes,  interdum  inaequales,  nonnunquam  bifidi.  Corolla  3  cm. 
longa,  anguste  cylindrica,  extra  pilis  patentibus  unicellularibus  parce 
induta,  intus  basin  versus  parce  pilosa  :  lobi  4,  erecti,  oblongo-ovati 
3  mm.  lojigi,  obtusi.  Stamina  fauce  inserta  ;  filamenta  0*5  mm. 
longa  ;  antherae  inclusae,  oblongae,  utrinquc  obtusac,  2*5  mm.  longae. 
Stylus  inclusus,  2  cm.  longus,  flliformis ;  stigmata  oblongo-linearia, 
J*75  mm.  longa,  erecto-subdivergentia.  IXscus  annularis,  carnosus, 
pubescens.  Ovarium  biloculare  ;  uvula  in  loculis  numerosa,  valde  ap- 
prcssa  ;  placentae  septo  basin  versus  pcltato-atfixae.  Fructus  non  visi. 


2 


Mexico.  Temascaltepec,  District  of  Temascaltepec,  State  of 
Mexico,  a  shrub  0-75  m.  high,  on  a  dry  hill,  1780  m.,  28  July  1932, 
Hinton  1131. 

Bouvardia  cataphyllaris  belongs  to  a  very  typical  group  of  species 
characterized  by  erect  or  suberect  corolla-lobes,  in  striking  contrast  to 
those  of  B.  capitata ,  figured  in  plate  3296.  It  appears  to  be  an 
erect  shrub  with  the  ultimate  branches  strict  and  slender.  The 
flowering  branches  are  lateral,  arising  from  the  axils  of  fallen  leaves, 
and  normally  consist  of  four  internodes  surmounted  by  a  3-5-flowered 
simple  cyme.  The  two  lowest  internodes  are  extremely  short,  and  their 
presence  is  indicated  by  two  cataphyllary  sheaths,  the  lower  being  split 
into  two  parts,  one  on  each  side  of  the  axis.  The  third  internode  is 
longer,  and  the  two  leaves  at  its  apex,  although  small,  are  rarely  reduced 
to  the  condition  of  cataphylls.  The  fourth  internode  is  surmounted 
by  a  pair  of  normal,  fully  developed  leaves,  which  often  have  solitary 
flowers  in  their  axils.  The  axis  continues  for  one  internode  as  an 
inflorescence  rhachis,  bearing  at  its  apex  a  pair  of  bracts  and  three 
pedicelled  flowers.  These  bracts  are  often  foliaceous,  but  are  always 
much  smaller  than  the  uppermost  pair  of  leaves,  and  are  sometimes 
linear  or  even  filiform.  Filiform  bracteoles  sometimes  occur  on, the 
pedicels  or  at  the  base  of  the  hypanthium,  but  are  not  constant.  The 
calyx-lobes  are  sometimes  very  unequal  and  occasionally  bifid. 

A.  A.  Bullock. 

Fig.  1,  branch  one  year  old,  with  flowering  branchlets,  natural  size  ;  2,  node  of 
branch  showing  the  basal  cataphylls  of  two  flowering  branchlets,  x  6 ;  3,  lower 
node  of  flowering  branchlets,  x  6  ;  4,  subtending  bract  of  flower,  x  4  ;  5,  calyx 
and  gynoecium,  x  3 ;  6,  hypanthium,  most  of  the  calyx  removed  to  show  the 
disk,  x  12  ;  7,  corolla  laid  open,  x  3. 


J2J8 


Tabula  3298. 


basanacantha  echinocarpa 

et  Moc.  cx  DC.)  Bullock. 

Rubiaceae.  Tribus  Gardenieae. 

B.  echinocarpa  (Sesse  et  Moc .  ex  DC.)  Bullock ,  comb.  nov.  Randia 
echinocarpa,  Sesse  et  Moc.  ex  DC.  in  DC.  Prodr.  iv.  385  (1830) ;  Alph. 
DC.  Caiques  Dess.  FI.  Mex.  t.  469  (1874) ;  Hemsl.  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Bot.  ii.  40  (1881)  ;  Standi,  in  Contr.  U.S.  Nat.  Herb,  xxiii.  1374  (1926), 
et  in  N.  Amer.  FI.  xxxii.  163  (1934).  Genipa  echinocarpa  (Sesal  et 
Moc.  ex  DC.)  A.  Gray  in  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  xxi.  380  (1886).— Species 
valde  distincta,  fructibus  viridibus tuberculis  elongatis  angustisirregu- 
laribus  usque  ad  2  cm.  longis  indutis. 

Frutex  ramosus,  spinosus  vel  rarissiine  inermis,  usque  ad  4  m.  altus  ; 
ramuli  floriferi  robusti,  plerumque  primum  dense  pubcscentes,  apice 
spinis  4  patentibus  1-3  cm.  longis  vel  interdum  valde  redactis  ornati. 
Folia  brevissime  petiolata,  apice  ramulorum  floriferorum  per  paria  2-3 
orta  ;  lamina  elliptica  vel  ovata  vel  obovata,  usque  ad  10  cm.  longa  et 
5  cm.  lata,  apice  obtusa  vel  rotundata,  interdum  apiculata,  basi  obtuse 
vel  acute  angustata  vel  cuneata,  utraque  pagina  satis  dense  pubescens, 
subtUB  in  nervis  praesertim,  nervis  lateralibus  utrinsecus  6-8  ;  stipulae 
parvae,  late  ovatae,  obtusae  vel  acuminatae,  intus  plus  minusve  pilosae. 
Flores  5-6-meri,  hermaphroditi  vel  polygamo-dioici,  solitarii  vel  (teste 
Standley)  fasciculati,  sessiles.  Calyx  extra  sericeus;  tubus  (ovario 
incluso)  cvlindricus,  leviter  obliquus,  circiter  9  mm.  longus ;  limbus 
5-6-dentatus,  dentibus  filiformibus  vel  subulatis  3*5-4  mm.  longis. 
Corolla  Hava  ;  tubus  cylindricus,  2  *5-4 *5  cm.  longus,  extra  appresse 
pubescens,  intus  dimidio  superiore  inter  stamina  lineis  pilorum  ornatus. 
Stamina  inclusa  vel  apice  tantum  exserta  ;  filamenta  brevia  ;  antherae 
oblongae,  8  mm.  longae,  apice  connectivo  apiculato  acutae,  basi 
obtusae,  dorsifixae.  Ovarium  biloculare  ;  ovula  in  loculis  numerosa. 
Stylus  filiformis,  2*5-3  cm.  longus  ;  stigmata  2,  linearia,  7-8  mm.  longa. 
Fructus  depresso-globosus,  circiter  7*5  cm.  diametro  et  5  cm.  altus, 
praetor  umbonem  terminalem  excrescentiis  subconicis  plurialatis  ct 
planus  aliformibus  dense  obtectus,  totus  dense  hirsuto-velutinus. 
Semina  cornplanata,  ambit  u  rhombica,  6  mm.  longa  ct  lata  ;  embryo 
satis  magnus,  cotyledonibus  foliaceis  orbiculuribus,  radicula  tcreti. 


2 


Mexico.  “  Dry  thickets  and  hillsides,  Chihuahua  and  Sonora  to 
Guerrero  and  Veracruz  ” — teste  Standley. 

District  of  Huetamo,  State  of  Michoacan  :  Santa  Cruz,  Hinton 
5965  ;  Tacupa,  Hinton  5970  ;  Mai  Paso,  Hinton  7121,  7875.  District 
of  Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico  :  Tejupilco,  Hinton  7154,  7817  ; 
Limones,  Hinton  7840 ;  Bejucos,  Hinton  7882 ;  Cafiitas,  Hinton 
7890  ;  Chorrera,  Hinton  7903.  District  of  Coyuca,  State  of  Guerrero  : 
Pungarabato,  Hinton  7241,  7852,  7855  (same  plant  as  7241)  ; 
Balderrama,  Hinton  7844  ;  Coyuca,  Hinton  7867.  Flowering  April- 
June,  fruiting  December-April. 

Vernacular  name  :  “  Cirian  Chino.” 


Although  Basanacantha  echinocarpa  appears  to  be  widely  distributed 
in  Mexico,  it  was  represented  at  Kew  by  only  two  rather  poor  specimens 
( Palmer, ,  1885  coll.,  and  Palmer ,  1887  coll.,  no.  106)  until  Mr.  G.  B. 
Hinton’s  excellent  material  came  to  hand.  The  only  figure  of  this 
species  hitherto  published  is  very  poor,  and  is  inaccessible  to  the 
majority  of  students. 

The  writer  agrees  with  Prof.  Bremekamp  (Rec.  Trav.  Bot.  Neerl. 
xxxi.  265  :  1934)  in  maintaining  Basanacantha  as  a  genus  distinct  from 
Bandia ,  which  should  be  interpreted  in  the  strict  Linnean  sense,  with 
B.  aculeata  L.  as  the  standard-species  of  a  comparatively  small  and 
entirely  American  genus.  The  name  of  the  present  plant  is  accordingly 
changed  to  Basanacantha  echinocarpa ,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the 
flowers,  as  shown  by  Mr.  Hinton’s  specimens,  are  not  alwrays  dioecious. 

Mr.  Hinton  states  that  variability  in  this  species  is  not  pronounced 
in  his  area  (i.e.  Temascaltepec,  Mexico,  Huetamo,  Michoacan,  and 
Coyuca,  Guerrero),  where  the  plant  is  frequent  at  altitudes  below 
1300  m.  The  seed,  which  is  embedded  in  pulp,  is  edible,  while  the 
shell  of  the  fruit  is  used  medicinally. — A.  A.  Bullock. 


2  I?’  1*  yPPer  part  of  flowering  shoot,  showing  a  hexamerous  flower,  natural  size  ; 

natu  •  a  PentameroU8  flower,  x  2  ;  3,  corolla  of  a  hexamerous  flower,  laid  open, 
jj  i  ra  stamen,  abaxial  view,  x  4;  5,  longitudinal  section  of  ovary  and 

a  v/o  l??Pep  Part  of  style,  natural  size  ;  7,  fruiting  branch,  natural  size  ; 

*  1  *  longitudinal  section  of  seed,  x  2. 


C 729? 


Tabula  3299. 

GENTIANA  SALPINX  Griseb. 

Gentianaceae.  Tribus  Swertieae. 

G.  (§  Pneumonanthe)  salpinx  Griseb.  in  Linnaea,  xxii.  44  (1849); 
Hemsl.  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Bot.  ii.  351  (1882) ;  Kusn.  in  Act.  Hort! 
Petrop.  xv.  181  (in  clavi)  et  185  (descr.  et  obs.  crit.)  et  pp.  var.  in  obs. 
(1904).  G.  calyculata  Ehrenb.  MS.  in  Herb.  Berol.,  non  La  LI.  et  Lex. 
Nov.  Veg.  fasc.  i.  18  (182 4) .--Species  insignis,  formosa,  G.  calyculatae 
La  LI.  et  Lex.  affinis,  sed  floribus  rubris,  corollae  tubo  calycem  duplo 
superante  distincta  ;  a  ceteris  speciebus  Pneumonanthcs  aberrans,  ad 
sectionem  Coelanthen  accedens,  sed  foliis  minoribus  marginibus 
scabriusculis,  calyce  scabriusculo  facile  ab  ea  distinguenda. 


Herba  erecta,  usque  ad  1  m.  (plerumque  circiter  7  dm.)  alta,  perennis  ; 
caules  simplices,  minutissime  scabriusculi  sed  ceterum  glabri,  internodiis 
superioribus  5-7  cm.  longis  inferioribus  gradatim  brevioribus.  Folia 
opposita,  lanceolata  vel  oblonga  vel  ovata,  3-6  cm.  longa,  1-2*5  cm. 
lata,  apice  acuta  vel  acuminata,  basi  angustata,  in  vaginam  2-4  mm. 
longam  connata,  3-nervia,  sub  anthesin  marcescentia,  marginibus 
minutissime  scabriusculis;  paria  inferiora  cataphyllaria  ad  vaginam 
bilobam  redacta  (vel  forsan  laminae  foliorum  inferiorum  delapsae?). 
Flores  rubri,  praetcr  terminalem  ex  axillis  foliorum  superiorum 
redactorum  orti,  brevissimc  pedicellati  vel  sessiles,  supremi  in  cymam 
paucifloram  aggregati ;  bracteolae  binae,  basi  connatae,  calycem 
amplectentes  eumque  subaequantes,  anguste  lanceolatae,  dense 
minutissime  scabriusculae,  circiter  1*5  cm.  longae.  Calycis  tubus 
campanulatus  vel  tubuloso-cupularis,  1  cm.  altus,  0*5  cm.  diametro, 
apice  inter  lacinias  truncatus  vel  5-denticulatus,  extra  praeter 
partes  interstitiales  V-formes  minutissime  scabriusculus,  intus  glaber ; 
laciniae  5,  lineares,  usque  1  cm.  longae,  minutissime  scabriusculae. 
CorolUi  tota  circiter  4  cm.  longa,  tubo  1  cm.  diametro,  glandulis  paucis 
(resinosis?)  punctata;  tubus  verus  2*5  cm.  longus  sed,  ob  partes  in- 
feriores  loborum  crectas  plicis  apice  inaequaliter  bidentatis  3-4  mm. 
longis  cohaerentes,  primo  visu  circiter  3  cm.  longus  ;  plicae  mcm- 
branaceae,  bidentatae  ac  in  aestivatione  plicatae  (fig.  6) ;  lobi  5, 
alabastro  contorti,  superne  obovati,  7  mm.  lati,  apice  rotundati  sed 


2 


apiculis  subulatis  circiter  1  ram.  longis  ornati,  partibus  superioribus 
o  do  vat  is  sub  anthesin  reflexis,  toti  1-5  cm.  longi,  intus  minutissirae 
papiiiosi.  Filamenta  applanata,  circiter  2*5  cm.  longa,  glabra,  circiter 
I  cm.  supra  basin,  tubi  affixa.  Antherae  lineares,  4-4-5  mm.'  longae, 
basin  versus  dorsifixae,  valde  exsertae.  Discus  cupuliformis,  crenulato- 
lobatus.  Ovarium  fere  2-5  cm.  longum,  anguste  cylindricum,  apice 
acute  angustatum,  circiter  1  mm.  stipitatum  ;  stylus  spiraliter  tortus, 
exsertus,  1  cm.  longus,  apice  bifidus,  ramis  primum  erectis  cohaerentibus 
demum  divergentibus.  Capsula  corolla  et  calyce  persistentibus  cir- 
cumcmcta,  longe  stipitata,  semi-exserta  ;  stipes  crassus,  2-2*5  cm. 
ongus,  medio  vel  apicem  versus  demum  abrupte  sigmoideo-reflexus, 
( orollae  tubo  sigmoideo  vel  interdum  unilateraliter  rupto  ;  capsula 
pendula,  fusiformis,  complanata,  2-2*5  cm.  longa,  5-7  mm.  lata,  apice 
stylo  persistence  coronata,  demum  secus  placentas  valvis  2  perga- 
mentaceis  naviculiformibus  dehiscens,  marginibus  val varum  le viter 
lecurvis  cartilagineis.  Semina  brunneo-albicantia,  numerosissima, 
subtusiformia,  apice  acuta,  basi  truncata,  2*5  mm.  longa,  basin  versus 
.  Irjm-  lata>  testa  membranacea  utrinque  producta,  lineata,  minute 
reticulata ;  albumen  cum  embryone  minutum,  pallide  brunneum, 
ovoideum. 


Mexico.  District  of  Temascaltepec,  State  of  Mexico  :  “  In  sylvis 
reg.  temp.,  floribus  sanguineis  pulchris,  April 
„  ■ C\  Ehrenberg  450  (typus  in  Herb.  Berol.) ;  Temascaltepec, 
Escape  ?  30  March  1932,  Hinton  459  ;  Rincon,  1960  m.,  “  in  oak 

woods,  19  April  1933,  Hinton  3707  ;  Naranjo,  860  m.,  “  in  a  wet 

anr^T10-8'’  JJowers  red,”  21  April  1933,  Hinton  3810;  between  Cumbre 
and  Tejupilco,  31  May  1935  (fr.),  Hinton  7837. 


()nj  f  ar  ,can  ascertained,  Gcntiana  salpinx  was  previously  known 
Berlin  °TT  c°dection,  preserved  as  three  excellent  sheets  in  the 

1831  and was  discovered  by  Ehrenberg  in  April 
same  dUfrio+V *ire2ia8  ^een  made  from  specimens  collected  in  the 
ovTr  arpn+n  y,Mr-  G-  B-  Hinton  in  March  1932  and  April  1933-just 
the  first  ti»v?r^  remarkable  capsule,  described  above  for 

species  lnc^uded  in  Mr.  Hinton’s  latest  collection  of  the 

S  taonZl  th'  l)late  ™  mde. 

There  seem*  c,P°®ltlon  of  Gcntiana  salpinx  is  somewhat  isolated, 
placing  it  nca ^  Gri^bach  and  Kusnezow  wore  correct  in 
On  the  other  hand  theVerTfl^  L1‘ et  Lex  > in  the  section PneumomrUhe. 
recall  the  section  Coelanthr^A  W'th  tbeir  exserted  stamens,  at  once 
connecting  link  between  the  t  *alPinx  ma7  perhaps  be  cited  as  a 
however,  especially  that  of  tt,W°..8e^lons-  In  general  flower  structure, 
in  the  peculiar  scabridity  of  tL  i P,  ”  <8ee  fi8s-  6-7)>  in  habit>  and 
typical  member  of  the  section  p  marSlas  (fig.  4)  and  calyx,  it  is  a 
usually  found  in  the  section  Coeluta?™0™711!*'  0PPosing  characters 
leaves,  with  a  persistent  basal  rosette  larger’  thin'y  herbace0U8 


3 

The  writer  is  much  indebted  to  the  authorities  at  the  Berlin 
Herbarium  for  the  loan  of  Ehrenberg’s  type  collection. 

A.  A.  Bullock. 

Figs.  1  and  2,  upper  and  middle  portions  of  the  same  flowering  stem,  natural 
size  ;  3,  lower  portion  of  a  different  (flowering)  stem,  natural  size  ;  4,  leaf  margin, 
x  20 ;  5,  calyx,  x  1*5;  6,  corolla,  opened  out,  the  lobes  on  the  right  being  in 
their  natural  relative  positions,  and  those  on  the  left  stretched  apart  so  as  to  show 
the  plicae,  natural  size ;  7,  portion  of  corolla  from  the  inside,  showing  plicae,  x  3  ; 
8,  stamens,  front  and  back  views,  x  3  ;  9,  ovary,  x  1*6:  all  drawn  from 
Hinton  3810. 


» 


JJOO 


Tabula  3300. 

CEPHAELIS  POTAROENSIS  Sandvrith. 

Rubiaceae.  Tribus  Psychotrieae. 

C.  potaroensis  Sandwith ;  species  nova,  C.  Duckei  Standley  affinis, 
ramulis  adpresse  pilosis  pilis  stricte  ascendentibus  (baud  villosis  pilis 
deorsum  directis),  involucro  e  bracteis  4-5  flores  1-3  tantum  subten- 
dentibus  constituto  distinguenda. 

Frutex  usque  5  m.  altus  ;  ramuli  summi  teretcs  vel  novelli  plus 
minusve  sulcati,  dense  adpresse  pilosi,  pilis  stricte  ascendentibus ; 
nodi  summi  saepe  formam  turbinatam  praebentes.  Stipulae  vagina 
truncata  integra  ad  2  mm.  longa,  dentibus  vel  appendicibus  utroque 
latere  2  lineari-subulatis  ad  2  mm.  longis  per  vaginam  petiolos  versus 
decurrentibus  instructae.  Folia  oblanceolata  vel  varie  elliptica,  apice 
longe  acute  acuminata,  basi  attenuata  cuneata,  5-13  cm.  longa,  1-5*2  cm. 
lata,  chartacea,  satis  tenuia,  utrinque  et  praecipue  secus  nervos  princi- 
pales  adpresse  pilosa,  nervis  primariis  utroque  latere  costae  9-10  e 
costa  angulo  acuto  arcuatim  ascendentibus  atque  marginem  versus 
anastomosantibus,  secundariis  plus  minusve  horizontalibus,  omnibus 
utrinque  praesertim  subtus  prominulis,  venulis  tertiariis  vix  obviis ; 
petiolus  0*5-1  *5  cm.  longus,  indumcnto  ramulorum  adpresso  praeditus. 
Involucra  apice  ramulorum  solitaria,  subsessilia,  basi  foliis  binis  valde 
redactis  vel  etiam  minutis  albo-squamiformibus  lanceolato-subulatis 
subtenta  ;  bracteae  involucri  4  (rarissime  5),  cruciatim  per  paria  saepius 
inaequalia  (interiora  angustiora)  dispositae,  primo  ascendentes  mox 
patulae  vel  recurvae,  laete  aurantiacae,  serius  rubescentes,  elliptico- 
lanceolatae  usque  late  ovatae,  acutae,  basi  abrupte  contractae  ac  ibi 
tantum  connatae,  magnitudine  formaque  valde  variabiles,  1  *8-3*5  cm. 
longae,  0*5-1  *5  cm.  latae,  utrinque  praesertim  extra  molliter  sub- 
adpresse  pilosae,  palmatim  7-13-nerviae  sed  nervis  siccitate  saepe  vix 
obviis.  Flores  heterostyli,  capitati,  in  dichasio  simplici  sessili  trifloro 
dispositi,  sed  vulgo  flos  terminalis  singulusque  lateralis  tantum  (vel 
etiam  flos  terminalis  tantum)  evolvuntur ;  bracteae  bracteolaequo 
vulgo  desunt  sed  bracteola  unica  lineari-oblonga  pubescens  7  mm. 
longa  1  mm.  lata  sub  flore  unico  laterali  (vide  fig.  3)  est  inventa. 
Receptaculum  compresso-cupuliforme,  extra  dense  villosuin,  ab  ovario 
satis  facile  sejunctum,  1-1  *5  mm.  longum,  apice  2  mm.  latum.  Calyx 
cylmdrico-tubularis,  5-dentatus,  senectute  saepe  fere  usque  dimidium 


2 


fissus,  dentibus  inclusis  1-1*5  cm.  longus,  5-5*5  mm.  latus,  extra  dense 
adpresse  pilosus,  intus  dimidio  superiore  adpresse  pilosus  inferne  glaber 
vel  glabrescens ;  dentes  inferne  late  deltoidei,  turn  abrupte  subulati 
acuti,  valde  ciliato-pilosi,  2-2*5  mm.  longi,  basi  circiter  1*5  mm.  lati. 
Corolla  alba,  demum  flavescens,  heteromorpha,  tubularis  vel  maturitate 
hypocrateriformis  lobis  plus  minusve  patulis  ;  tubus  2-2*6  cm.  longus, 
floris  longistyli  quam  brevistyli  brevior,  5  mm.  latus,  extra  dense 
patule  albo-villosus  triente  inferiore  excepta,  intus  minutissime 
papillosus  necnon  2-3  mm.  (in  flore  brevistylo  altius,  3  mm.)  supra  basin 
zona  vel  annulo  pilorum  2-3  mm.  lato  praeditus  ;  lobi  5,  valvati, 
anguste  oblongo-lanceolati,  obtusi,  circiter  5*5  mm.  longi,  1  *6-2*2  mm. 
lati,  extra  densissime  albo-villosi,  intus  minutissime  papillosi.  Stamina 
in  flore  brevistylo  prope  faucem  alte  inserta  antheris  exsertis,  in  flore 
longistylo  prope  medium  tubum  inserta  antheris  inclusis ;  filamenta 
complanata,  minutissime  papillosa,  2-3*75  mm.  longa  (in  flore  brevi¬ 
stylo  quam  in  longistylo  longiora),  0*6-1  *2  mm.  lata  ;  antherae  lineari- 
oblongae,  apiculatae,  4-5  mm.  longae.  Ovarium  compresso-cupuli- 
forme,  1*5  mm.  altum,  1-75-2  mm.  latum;  discus  glaber,  1-2  mm. 
altus,  1*5-3 *5  mm.  latus,  in  flore  longistylo  quam  in  brevistylo  major. 
Stylus  glaber,  in  flore  longistylo  corollam  subaequans,  stigmatibus  plus 
minusve  oblongis  circiter  2  mm.  longis ;  in  flore  brevistylo  1*3  cm. 
tantum  longus,  stigmatibus  linearibus  3  mm.  longis.  Drupa  globosa, 
adulta  caerulea,  dense  adpresse  pilosa,  1*2-1  -5  cm.  longa,  1*2-1  *4  cm. 
diametro;  pyrena  circiter  8-5  mm.  longa,  7  mm.  lata,  facie  convexa 
4-costata,  facie  plana  longitudinaliter  anguste  leviter  (haud  profunde) 
sulcata. 


British  Guiana.  Scattered  along  the  Potaro  River  and  its 
tributaries:  Waratuk  Portage,  60  m.,  Aug.  1933,  Tutin  470  (type: 
Brit.  Mus.,  Kew  Herb.) ;  ibid.,  Oct.  1898,  Jenman  7458  ;  ibid.,  March 
1933,  Martyn  390  ;  May  1935,  Mrs.  McTurk  in  Martyn  423  ;  Nov. 
1907,  Bartlett  in  Jenman  Herb.  no.  8746  ;  May  1910,  Jenman  Herb. 
no.  8804 ;  Feb.  1879,  im  Thurn ;  Sheenabowa,  Sept.-Oct.  1881, 
Jenman  1286  ;  Kangaruma,  Oct.  1922,  Abraham  341  ;  Cawaie  Creek, 
thenapowu  River,  420  m.,  April  1926,  Altson 
Kopinang  River,  540  m.,  April  1926,  Altson  486  ; 

Appun  (Brit.  Mus.). 

hrom  the  evidence  of  field-notes  the  plant  is 
to  lo  feet  in  height;  the  involucral  bracts 
ye  <>w,  beaming  dark  red  after  flowering;  the  calyx  is  greenish  or 
ye  ow,  wi  h  the  teeth  purple  ;  the  corolla  white  or  cream  when  young, 
anT bright  bhie 1  alm°8t  orange  with  age  ;  and  the  ripe  fruit  is  shining 

Alteon  aCUlar  name  (Patamona  dialect) :  “  Wailehu-Yek,”  according  to 


458  ;  Anandabaru, 
Kaietuk  Falls,  1872, 

a  small  shrub  from 
are  a  vivid  orange- 


This  shrub  of  many  gaudy  colours  is  one  of  the  most  striking  of  the 
remarkable  species  which  appear  to  be  confined  to  the  valley  of  the 


3 


Potaro  River  in  British  Guiana.  Few  travellers  have  failed  to  notice 
it  and  dried  specimens  have  been  accumulating  for  many  years,  but 
without  ripe  fruit  it  was  impossible  to  assign  the  plant  to  any  known 
genus,  although  the  large  coloured  bracts  of  the  involucre  suggested 
Cephaelis  in  the  wide  sense.  Mr.  T.  G.  Tutin,  who  took  part  in  the 
Cambridge  University  Expedition  to  British  Guiana  in  1933,  has  made 
the  present  description  and  figure  possible  by  his  collection  of  spirit 
material  of  the  large  blue  fruits.  A  close  examination  of  the  plant 
shows  that  it  is  nearer  to  Cephaelis  as  understood  by  most  authors  than 
to  any  other  known  genus,  and  it  runs  down  to  Cephaelis  in  Wernkam’s 
Key  to  Tropical  American  Rubiaceae  in  Journ.  Bot.  liv.  326-334  (1916). 
Moreover  a  close  allv  has  been  discovered  in  Cephaelis  Duckei  Standley 
in  Field  Museum,  Publ.  Bot.  viii.  374  (1931),  a  plant  of  forests  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Amazons  in  the  State  of  Para,  Brazil,  and  represented 
at  Kew  by  a  photograph  of  the  type  and  by  a  duplicate  specimen  of 
the  type  collection  (Ducke  18828).  It  is  unfortunate  that  Standley ’s 
description  leaves  out  several  important  details  of  floral  structure,  and 
that  the  Kew  material  is  insufficient  for  dissection,  but  it  is  obvious 
at  a  glance  that  it  must  be  associated  with  C.  potaroensis ,  and  no  other 
species  has  been  seen  which  presents  any  such  affinity.  C.  Duckei  has 
the  leaves,  stipules,  orange-coloured  bracts  and  large  shaggy  white 
corollas  of  the  British  Guiana  species,  but  is  easily  distinguished  by  the 
villous  branchlets  with  spreading,  downward  directed  hairs,  and  by  the 
possession  of  a  less  reduced  inflorescence.  This,  in  the  Kew  specimen, 
is  composed  of  8  involucral  bracts  which  surround  4  flowers  ;  but  it  is 
almost  certain  that  more  than  4  will  be  found  in  future  specimens. 
On  the  other  hand,  in  all  the  numerous  specimens  of  C.  potaroensis  the 
involucre  is  normally  composed  of  4  (very  rarely  of  5)  bracts,  and  the 
inflorescence  is  a  reduced  simple  sessile  dichasium  of  1-3  flowers. 

Up  to  the  year  1934  this  plant  might  well  have  been  placed  in 
Cephaelis  without  further  hesitation,  but  in  that  year  there  appeared 
an  extremely  important  account,  accompanied  by  a  separate  paper 
with  critical  notes,  of  the  Rubiaceae  of  Surinam  (FI.  Surinam, 
iv.  113-298;  Rec.  Trav.  Bot.  N6erl.  xxxi.  248-308).  In  this  the 
author,  Prof.  C.  E.  B.  Bremekamp,  gives  an  original  and  necessarily 
revolutionary  treatment  of  the  genera  of  the  Psychotrieae .  The 
Psychotria  and  Cephaelis  of  Bentham  and  Hooker’s  Genera  Plantarum 
are  broken  up  into  a  number  of  new  or  revived  genera,  and  the  result 

a  far  more  natural  grouping  of  species  with  similar  facies  and  habit 
than  was  attained  by  Muller  of  Argau  in  the  Flora  Brasiliensis  (1881) 
or  by  K.  Schumann  in  the  Pflanzenfamilien  (1891).  A  large  number  of 
characters  have  been  used  in  the  key,  drawn  from  many  parts  of  the 
plant,  and  it  is  obvious  that,  if  they  are  by  no  means  of  equal  value, 
t  oy  are  at  any  rate  based  upon  important  morphological  considerations. 

eP  re^cnt  plant  has  been  carefully  studied  in  relation  to  this  valuable 
wor  which,  it  must  be  remembered,  is  concerned  only  with  species 
occurring  in  Surinam.  It  differs 

(a)  *rom  restricted  Cephaelis  Sw.  in  the  absence  of  bracts  and 


4 


bracteoles  from  the  individual  flowers  (a  single  bract  or  bracteole  has 
been  found  in  one  instance)  ;  in  the  ring  of  hairs  near  the  base  of  the 
corolla-tube  ;  and  in  the  shallow  furrow  on  the  flat  side  of  the  pyrene. 
Perhaps  one  may  add  the  different  position  of  the  stamens  in  the  long- 
styled  (near  the  middle  of  the  tube)  and  short-styled  (near  the  throat) 
flowers,  since  Bremekamp  describes  the  insertion  of  the  stamens  of 
Cephaelis  as  “  inserted  midway  in  the  tube.” 

(b)  From  restricted  Psychotria  L.  in  the  form  of  the  inflorescence, 
and  in  the  ring  of  hairs  near  the  base  of  the  corolla-tube. 

(c)  From  Palicourea  Aubl.  in  the  form  of  the  inflorescence,  and  in 
the  corolla-tube  which  is  not  swollen  unilaterally  near  the  base  although 
it  possesses  a  ring  of  hairs. 

(d)  From  Schumann’s  Uragoga  L.,  sections  Hiantocalyx  and  Codono- 
calyxy  in  the  normal  absence  of  bracteoles  and  of  a  second  series  of 
bracts,  in  the  form  of  the  calyx,  and  in  the  ring  of  hairs  at  the  base  of 
the  corolla-tube. 

Other  genera  were  much  less  closely  allied,  both  in  facies  and  in 
taxonomic  characters.  It  became  apparent  that  the  nearest  generic 
affinity  of  the  Potaro  Valley  plant  was  with  Cephaelis  (sensu  stricto), 
and  this  conclusion  has  been  provisionally  accepted  by  Prof. 
Bremekamp  to  whom  the  above  description,  with  notes,  was  submitted. 
He  believes,  however,  that  the  absence  of  bracts  and  bracteoles,  the 
shallowness  of  the  furrow  on  the  flat  side  of  the  pyrene,  and  the  small 
number  of  flowers  in  the  inflorescence  would  justify  the  creation  of  a 
new  genus. 

The  present  writer  does  not  feel  qualified  to  take  this  step.  In  the 
first  place,  a  proper  generic  description  could  not  be  drawn  up  without 
a  thorough  investigation  of  the  morphology  of  the  inflorescence  of 
Cephaelis  Duckei ,  which  is  certainly  congeneric,  but  adequate  material 
of  that  species  is  not  yet  available.  Secondly,  if — as  one  hopes — Prof. 
Brcmekamp’s  researches  are  to  be  extended  to  cover  the  whole  of  the 
lropical  American  Psychotrieae ,  a  thorough  examination  of  all  the 
described  species  must  be  undertaken,  before  the  differential  value 
of  morphological  characters  for  taxonomic  purposes  can  be  completely 
understood.  It  might  be  discovered,  for  instance,  that  several  other 
species  with  few  large  flowers  which  have  been  placed  without  adequate 
description  in  Cephaelis  will  help  to  constitute  a  new  or  revived  genus 
by  the  side  of  C.  poiaro'ensis  and  C.  Duckei.  On  the  other  hand,  a  slight 
re-widening  of  the  limits  of  some  genera  might  be  found  desirable  or 
at  any  rate  convenient.  It  is  evident  that  only  a  specialist  in  Rubiaceae 
wi  lave  the  requisite  knowledge  and  time  for  this  work  and,  accord¬ 
ingly,  the  1  otaro  Val  ey  plant  is  described  and  figured  for  the  present 
as  a  species  of  Cephaelis N.  y.  Sand  with. 


x  3  ;  3,  calyx  and  a  ij'teole,  J  T  i  ,'hort “t  U  7  P,  d  - 

5,  stamen  from  short-styled  fWr,  x’4  ’  „  Wf6'  ^  open,  x  1-5  ; 

7  ovary  and  disk,  x  6?  8.  fruit, Plural  fl°T  ‘"d  1 

shallow  furrow,  x  2  ;  10,  same,  showing  ibbti  flat  8‘d6  ^ 


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