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MONTHLY  BULLETIN 
AMERICAN  REPUBLICS  BUREAU 


VOLUME  26— PART  1 
■  JANUARY-MARCH 
1908 


WASHINGTON 

GOVKRNMENT    PRINTING    OKFICE 
1908 


\' 


MONTHLY  BULLETIN 
AMERICAN  REPUBLICS  BUE 


VOLUME  26 -PART  1 
' JANUARY-MARCH 
1908 


WASHINGTON 

GOVKRNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 
1908 


International  Union  of  American  Re 

Monthly  BuUei 

or  THE 

International  Bures 


or  TME 


American  Repul 


VOL.  2©.  NO.  1 

JANUARY,  1908 

Whole  No.  172 


Wi^SHINOTOK.  D.  O..  U.  8.  A. 
OOVCRNMENT  PRINTING  OFFIC 
1908 


JOHN    BARRETT, 
Director  of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics. 

FRANCISCO  J.  YANES,  WILLIAM  C.  WELLS, 

Secretary.  Chief  Clerk. 


II 


GBNBSAL  TABLE    OF   0ONTKNT8.  Ill 


GENERAL  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Tftbles  of  contents: 


English  section iv 

Spanish  section vi 

Portuguese  section viii 

French  section ix 


£1  fndioe  de  la  secd6n  castellana  se  halla  en  la  p^na vi 

La  8eoci6n  castellana  comienza  en  la  pdgina 113 

O  indioe  da  sec^fto  portugueza  encontra-se  d  pagina viii 

A  seogfto  portugueza  encontra-se  &  pagina 185 

On  trouvera  la  Table  des  Mati^res  k  la  page ix 

On  trouvera 'la  section  frangaise  k  la  page 215 


205635 


IV  TABLX   OF   OONTEMTS; 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

I.— Editorial  Sbction 1 

The  next  Pan-American  Conference — EzpositionB  in  South  America— Improved 
South  American  steamship  connections— Further  expression  of  interest  by  Presi- 
dent Booflevelt— The  next  Lake  Mohonk  Conference— Colombian  Bureau  of 
Information — Trade  conditions  in  Colombia — National  Association  of  Manufac- 
turers—The Bureau  at  the  Third  International  Sanitary  Convention— Argentine 
commercial  statistics— Brazil's  trade  balance— New  Minister  from  Chile  to  the 
United  States— National  industries  and  tarifl  modifications  in  Colombia— Costa 
Rica's  special  envoy  to  the  United  States— Results  of  the  Cuban  census— Ecuador's 
National  Exposition— Guatemala's  trade  and  opportunities— Establishment  of  a 
chamber  of  commerce  in  Haiti— Increased  export  tax  on  bananas  in  Honduras- 
Mexico  as  seen  by  its  Minister  of  Finance— Message  of  the  President  of  Nicara- 
gua—Consul Kellogg's  report  from  Colon,  Panama— A  national  bank  for 
Paraguay— New  steamship  service  between  New  York  and  Callao— Salvador's 
customs  revenues— Uruguay's  customs  values— Increase  of  import  duties  in 
Venezuela. 

II.— Book  Notes 11 

Modem  Argentina^Mexico  of  the  twentieth  century— The  Darien  Company  of 
the  seventeenth  century— Panama  Canal  report  for  1907— Communication  in 
Brazil— French  interests  in  Colombia— With  Speaker  Cannon  through  the 
Tropics— Peru  in  1906— Paraguayan  sketches. 

III.— The  United  States  Fleet  at  Rio  de  Janeiro 16 

IV.— First  Pan-Amexican  Scientific  Congress 18 

v.— The  Third  International  Sanitary  Convention 20 

VI.— Significant  Letter  of  President  Roosevelt 25 

VII.— The  International  Congress  on  Tuberculosis 26 

VIII.— The  Present  CoNDmoN  of  Rubber  Culture 27 

IX.— Cocoa  Preparation  in  Difterent  Countbieb 47 

X.— Argentine  Repubuc 49 

Foreign  commerce,  first  nine  months  of  1907— Free  entry  for  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical machinery— Internal-revenue  receipts,  nine  months  of  1907— Railway 
rolling  stock,  1907— Crop  areas  sown  in  1907— Bank  statement,  September  SO, 
1907— Sugar  production  of  Tucnman,  five  months  of  1907— Nickel  ooinage— 
Granaries  in  the  port  of  Buenos  Aires. 

XL— Brazil 56 

Foreign  commerce,  nine  months  of  1907— Customs  receipts,  nine  months  of  1907— 
Establishment  of  a  new  agricultural  bank— Imports  of  cotton  goods,  first  half 
of  1907— Calcium  phosphate  deposits— Japanese  immigration— Exporis  from  the 
port  of  Man&OM,  first  half  of  1907— Miscellaneous  notes. 

Xn.— Chile 57 

Reception  of  the  Minister  of  Chile  in  the  United  States— Transandine  Railway 
report  for  1906— Railway  notes— Salt  deposits  of  the  Republic— Bounty  for  the 
exportation  of  flax— Treasury  loan  floated— Parcels  post,  1902-1906— Customs 
revenues,  first  eight  and  nine  months  of  1907. 

XIII.— Colombia 60 

status  of  the  rubber  industry— The  cotton  industry  at  Cartagena— Regulations  for 
the  navigation  of  Colombian  rivers — Free  entry  for  com  and  rice — ^The  fishing 
industry  and  its  possibilities— Tariff  modifications. 

XIV.— Costa  Rica 67 

Reception  of  the  special  ministerof  Costa  Rica  to  the  United  States— Establishment 
of  agricultural  boards— legislation  regarding  banana  exports— Importation  of 
crude  oil— Cultivation  and  manufacture  of  fibers. 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS.  V 

Page 

XV.— Cuba 70 

Censos  of  the  Repabllc,  1907— Immigration  during  1906-7— Havana  custom-house 
receipts,  1907— Appropriation  for  sanitary  service— Customs  decisions  in  regard 
to  lost  merchandise— Cargoes  consigned  "for  orders"— Trade  of  Banesand  Nipe, 
1907. 

XVI.— Ecuador 78 

A  National  Exposition  in  Quito. 

XVII.— OUATEMALA 74 

Economic  conditions— Inauguration  of  the  Northern  Railway. 

XVIII.— HATn 77 

Establishment  of  a  chamber  of  commerce. 

XIX.— Honduras 78 

Increased  tax  on  banana  exports. 

XX.— Mexico 78 

Foreign  commerce,  first  quarter  of  1907-8— Economic  conditions  and  outlook,  1906- 
1909— Postal  revenues,  1906-7— Postal  revenues,  first  quarter  of  1907-8— Trade  of 
Progreso,  Yucatan,  first  quarter  of  1907-8— Improvement  of  Isthmian  terminals- 
Silver  basis  of  the  stamp  and  customs  taxes,  January,  1908— Increase  of  import 
dutiesonsugar-Turpentlne  manufacture— Lumber  mill  in  the  State  of  Oaxaca— 
The  petroleum  industry— Free  entry  for  goods  Into  Qulntana-Roo. 

XXI.— Nicaragua 90 

Message  of  President  J.  Santos  Zelaya— Government  monopoly  of  the  match  indus- 
try—Exploitation of  national  rubber  forests— Trade-mark  law. 

XXII.— Panama 95 

The  port  of  Bocas  del  Toro,  1907 — Customs  regulations. 

XXIII.— Paraguay ^7 

Projected  bank  of  the  Republic. 

XXIV.— Peru 98 

Treaty  with  Bolivia— Steamship  service  between  New  York  and  Callao— Customs 
revenues  of  Iqultos,  first  ten  months  of  1907— Railroad  from  Cuzco  to  Im,  Con- 
venci6n— Tariff  modifications. 

XXV.— Salvador loi 

Customs  revenues,  first  quarter  of  1907. 

XXVI.— Unfted  States loi 

Trade  with  Latin  America— KxporUi  of  rubber  goods. 

XXVII.— Uruguay 109 

Customs  receipts,  ten  month.s  of  1907— Tax  on  foreign  insuranre  oompaniw*— 
Municipal  revenues  of  Montevideo. 

XXVIII.— Venezuela 110 

Surtax  on  import  duties— Tariff  modifications. 

XXIX.— Nitrate  Production  of  South  America Ill 

XXX.— Financial  Status  of  Latin-American  Countries Ill 

XXXI.- LiHRARY  Accessions  and  Files  I-XLVIII 


TI  flTDIOE. 


INDICE. 


L— 49wxa6N  BdITOSIAL 118 

La  pr6xima  Ck>iifereiicia  Panamericaiui— Las  ezposiciones  en  la  America  del 
Sup—Mejores  conexiones  de  vapores  en  la  America  del  8ur— Nneya  expreaidn 
del  interns  que  la  America  Latina  inspira  al  Presidente  Rooseyelt— La  pr6xim# 
conferencia  del  Lago  Hohonk— La  Ofldna  de  Infonnaci6n  Colombiana— Condl- 
ciones  comerciales  en  Ck)lombia— La  AB0Ciaci6n  Nacional  de  Fabricantes— La 
Oficina  en  la  Tercera  Oonyenddn  Sanitaria  Intemacional— Brtadisticas  comer- 
ciales  de  la  Argentina— El  balance  del  comercio  exterior  brasilefio— Indufltrias 
uacionales  y  modificaciones  arancelarias  en  Colombia— El  Enyiado  Especial  de 
Costa  Rica  en  los  Estadoe  Unidoa— Resaltadoe  del  censo  de  Caba^Reoepci6n  del 
noeyo  Biinistro  de  Chile  en  loa  Estadoa  Unidoe— £xp08ici6n  Nacional  en  el 
Ecnadoi^El  comercio  y  las  oportnnidades  de  Quatemala— El  establecimiento 
de  nna  c&mara  de  comercio  en  Haiti— Aumento  del  impnesto  sobre  la  exporta- 
ci6n  de  bananos  en  Honduras— La  sitoacidn  econ6mica  de  Mexico  segdn  la 
opini6n  de  sa  Secretario  de  Hacienda— El  mensaje  del  Presidente  de  Nicaragua— 
El  informe  del  Cdnsol  Kellogg,  de  Col6n,  PanamA— Establecimiento  de  un  banco 
nacional  en  el  Paraguay— Nuevo  seryicio  de  yapores  entre  Nueya  York  y  el 
Callao— La  renta  aduanera  del  Salyador— La  renta  aduanera  del  Uruguay— 
Aumento  de  derechos  de  importaci6n  en  Venesuela. 

'IL— El  Pbimbb  CoNOBBBO  CiBNTfFico  Panambbicano 125 

III.— La  Tebcbba  CoNyBNcfON  Sanitabia  Intbbnacional .-.      127 

IV.— IMPOBTANTB  CABTA  DEL  PBBBIDENTB  ROOSEySLT 182 

v.— Conobbbo  Intbbnacional  sobbb  La  Tubebculosis 188 

VI.— EnADO  FiNANCIEBO  DB  LOS  PaISBS  LaTINOAMEBICANOS 184 

VIL— REPtyBUCA  Aboentina 184 

Comercio  extranjero  en  los  nueye  primeros  meses  de  1907— Material  rodante 
de  ferrocarriles  en  1907— Entrada  libre  de  maquinaria  minera  y  metaldrgica— 
Ingresosde  la  renta  interna  en  los  nueye  primeros  meses  de  1907— La  produccl6n 
de  azdcar  en  Tucumin,  cinco  meses  de  1907— Qraneros  proyisorios  en  el  puerto 
de  Buenos  Aires— Area  de  terrenes  sembrados  en  1907— Acuftacl6n  de  monedan 
de  niquel. 
VIII.— Bbasil 189 

El  comercio  extranjero  en  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907— Ingresos  de  aduanas 
en  los  nueye  primeros  meses  de  1907. 
IX.— Colombia 140 

Importaci6n  libre  de  maiz  y  arros. 
X.— Costa  Rica 140 

Recepci6n  del  Ministro  Especial  en  los  Estados  Unidos— Contra  to  para  el  cultiyo 
de  plantas  flbrosas— Importaci6n  de  petr61eo  crudo— Creaci6n  de  juntas  de 
agricultura. 

XI.— Cuba 143 

Censo  de  la  Repilblica,  1907— La  inmigraci6n  durante  el  afio  fiscal  de  1906-7— 
DlBposiciones  aduaneras  sobre  mercancias  perdidai*— Rentas  aduaneras  de  la 
Habana  en  1907. 

Xn. -Chile 144 

Recepci6n  del  Ministro  en  los  Estados  Unidos— Encomiendas  postales  intemacio- 
nales,  1902-6— Rentas  aduaneras  en  los  primeros  ocho  y  nueye  meses  de  1907— 
Prima  por  la  exportaci6n  del  lino— Colocaci6n  del  empr^stito  de  £1,100.000. 

XIII.— ECUADOB 146 

Exposici6n  Nacional  de  1909. 

XIV.— Estados  Unidos l'»S 

Comercio  con  la  America  Latina— Las  exportaciones  de  articulos  de  goma. 

X  v.— GUATBMA  LA 164 

Condiciones  eoondmioas— La  inaoguraddn  del  Ferrocarril  del  Norte. 


tNDIOK.  YII 

FAffina. 

XVI.— HOMDUBAS 187 

Aumento  del  derecho  de  exporUu;i6n  sobre  el  banano. 

XVU.— Mtxioo '. 168 

Oomercio  exterior  darante  el  primer  trimestre  de  1907-^— 8itiiacl6ii  de  la  hacienda 
pdblica  y  la  perspectiva  que  presenta  el  afio  de  1906-9— Bentas  postales  darante 
1905-7— Rentas  poatales,  primer  trimestre  de  1907-8— Mejoras  de  paertot— Tr&flco 
de  Progreso,  Tucatto,  primer  trimestre  de  1907-8— Base  de  los  impaestos  de  tim- 
bre y  aduanas  en  enero  de  1906— Modificaci6n  de  los  derechos  aobre  el  azdcar— 
Ck>ndiciones  que  rigen  la  industriadel  guayule. 

XVIII.— NlCAEAOUA 172 

Menaaje  del  Presidente  J.  Santos  Zelaya— Gompaftfa  para  la  explotaci6n  de  hnlares 
nacionaleft— Ley  de  marcas  de  l&brica. 

XIX.— PXBU .- 177 

NaeYO  servicio  de  Tapores  entre  Nueva  York  y  el  Callao— Rentas  aduaneras  de 
Iqaitosen  los  dies  primeros  meses  de  1907— Ferrocarril  de  Cuzco  A  la  Conyencldn. 

XX.— Salvaoob 177 

Bentas  aduaneras  del  primer  trimestre  de  1907. 

XXI.— Ubdouay 178 

Bentaa  de  aduanas  en  los  diez  primeros  meses  de  1907— €ontribuci6n  sobre  las 
oompafiias  de  seguroe  extranjeras— Benta  municipal  de  Monteyideo. 

XXII.— La  AMtBiCA  Combboial  kn  1906 178 

XXin.— 06ifO  SB  Pbbpaba  bl  Cacao  kn  Dibrentes  PAtsss 181 


VIH  LNDIOE.  • 


INDICE. 

Pagina. 

I.— SecqIo  Editorial 186 

A  proxima  Conferencia  Pan-Americana— ExposiQOes  na  America  do  Sul— A  Secre- 
taria  na  Terceira  Conferencia  Sanitaria  Intemacional— Melhoramento  doservi^o 
de  vapores  com  a  America  do  Sul— Outra  expreas&o  de  interesae  por  parte  do 
Presidente  Roosevelt— A  proxima  Conferencia  do  Lago  de  Mohonk— Bureau  de 
iiiforma^&o  da  Colombia— Condi^Oes  commerciaes  na  Colombia — Associa^&o 
nacional  de  manufactureiro6— Estatisticas  commerciaes  argentinas— Balan^ 
commercial  do  Brazil— Novo  Ministro  do  Chile  Junto  ao  Govemo  dos  Estados 
Unidos— Industrias  nacionaes  e  modiflca^Oes  'na  tarifa  da  Colombia— Enviado 
de  Costa  Rica  em  Miss&o  Especial  aos  Estados  Unidos— O  resultado  do  recensea- 
mento  de  Cuba — Exposi^&o  nacional  do  Equador — Commercio  e  condi^Oes 
economicas  em  Guatemala- Estabelecimento  de  uma  junta  commercial  em 
Haiti— Augmen to  do  imposto  de  exporta^&o  sobre  bananas  em  Honduras- 
Mexico  como  visto  por  sen  Ministro  da  Fazenda — Mensagem  do  Presidente  d« 
Nicaragua— Relatorio  apresentado  pelo  consul  dos  Estados  Unidos  em  Colon, 
Panam&— Um  banco  nacional  no  Paraguay— Novo  servi^o  de  navegac&o  a  vapor 
no  Paraguay— Novo  servi^o  de  navega^fto  a  vapor  entre  New  York  e  Callao— 
Rendas  aduaneiras  de  Salvador— Rendas  aduaneiras  do  Uruguay — Augmento 
nos  direitos  de  importa^&o  de  Venezuela. 

II.— PBIMEIRO  C0Nr.BE.S80  SCIENTIFICO  PAN- AMERICANO 196 

III.— A  ESQUADRA  AMERICANA   NO  RiO  DE  JANEIRO 196 

IV.— Carta  Significativa  do  Presidente  Roosevelt 198 

v.— Repubuca  Argentina 199 

Commercio  exterior,  primeiros  nove  mezes  de  1907— Rendas  intemas,  primeiros 
nove  mezes  de  1907— Isen^fto  de  direitos  de  importag&o  concedida  aos  ma- 
chinismos  para  minera^o  e  estabelecimentos  metalluigicos. 

VI.— Brazil 202 

Rendas  aduaneiras,  primeiros  nove  meases  de  1907. 

VII.— Cuba 202 

Recenseamento  da  Republica  em  1907 — DecisOes  sobre  extra vios  de  mercadorias. 

VIII.— Equador 203 

A  exposigfto  nacional  de  Quito. 

IX.— Estados  UNID06 204 

Commercio  com  os  paizes  latino-americanos. 

X.— Guatemala 204 

Condi^oes  economicas. 

XI.— Mexico 20C 

Situa^fto  economica  e  a  perspectiva  do  anno  de  1908-9— Condl^-Oes  da  industria 
do  guayule. 

XII.— Peru 212 

Servi^,'0  de  navega^o  a  vapor  entre  New  York  e  Callao. 
XIII.— EfeTADO  Financeiro  DOS  Paizes  Latino-Americanom i'l:i 


TABLE    DES   MATI±BES.  IX 


TABLE  DES  MATlfiRES. 


Page. 

L— ABTICLK8  DE  Fond 215 

Prochaine  conference  pan-am^ricaine— Expositions  dans  TAm^rique  du  Sud— 
Amelioration  dans  le  service  maritime  sud-am6ricain— Autres  preuves  d'intdr^t 
manifesto  par  le  President  Roosevelt— Prochaine  conference  du  Lac  Mohonk— 
Bareau  colombien  de  renseignements— Conditions  commerclales  de  la  Colom- 
bie— Association  nalionale  des  manufacturiers— Participation  du  Bureau  &  la 
truisieme  Convention  sanitaire  intemationale— Statistiques  commerciales  de  la 
RC'pnblique  Argentine — Balance  commerciale  du  Bresil— Nouveau  Ministre  du 
Chili  anx  fetats-Unis  et  autres  nouvelles  du  Chili— Industries  natlonaleset  modi- 
fications douanieres  de  la  Colombie— Envoye  extraordinaire  de  la  Republique 
de  Costa-Rica  aux  ^ts-Unis— Autres  nouvelles  de  Costa-Rica— R^sul tats  du 
recensemcnt  cubain— Autres  nouvelles  de  Cuba— Exposition  nacionale  de  I'^kjua- 
tenr— Commerce  du  Guatemala  et  avantages  commerciaux— ;£:tablissement  d'une 
chambre  de  commerce  &  Haiti— Augmentation  dans  le  Honduras  des  droits 
d'exportation  sur  les  bananes-^Le  Mexique  d'apr^s  les  vues  de  son  Ministre  des 
Finances— Message  du  President  du  Nicaragua^— Rapport  de  M.  Kellogg,  Consul 
&  Colon,  Panama— Banque  nationale  au  Paraguay— Nouveau  service  de  vapeurs 
entre  New-York  et  Callao— Recettes  douanieres  du  Salvador— Recettes  douan- 
i^res  de  I'Uruguay — Augmentation  des  droits  d'importation  au  Venezuela. 

11.— PBBMIER  CONORfeS  SCIENTIFIQUE  PAN-AMfiRICAIN 227 

m.— LSTTRE  IMPORTANTE  DU  PRtSIDENT  ROOSEVELT 227 

lY.— RtFUBUQUE  Argentine 228 

Exemption  de  droits  d'entree  pour  le  materiel  destine  aux  etablissements  miniers 
et  metalluigiquea— Commerce  exterieur  pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de 
Pannee  1907— Recettes  provenant  d'imp6ts  interieurs  pendant  Pannee  1907— 
Statistiques  du  betail  sur  pied— Culture  du  coton. 

v.— BbAsil 232 

Commerce  exterieur  pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Pannee  1907— Recettes 
douanieres  pour  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Pannee  1907— Fonds  d'^t  deposes 
dam  les  banques— Emprunt  de  £1,100,000— Augmentation  dans  les  importations 
de  oolis-postaux — Recettes  douani^res  pour  les  huit  et  neuf  premiers  mois  de 
I'annee  1907. 

VI.— COLOMBIE 234 

Importatiou  de  mais  en  franchise  de  droits— Modifications  douanieres. 

VI  I.— CoOTA-RlCA 238 

jfetabliawment  de  comices  agricoles. 

VIII-— Cuba 238 

Decisions  douanieres  au  cujet  de  marchandises  perducs— Mouvement  de  Pimmi- 
gration  pendant  I'annee  fi»H^le  1906-7— Recensement  en  1907. 

IX.— £quateur 239 

Modifications  douanieres— Exposition  nationale  de  Quito. 

X .— feTATB-UNIS 241 

Commerce  avec  I'Amerique  Latine. 

XI.— GUATfeMALA 242 

Conditions  economiques. 

XIL— Mexique 244 

Recettes  postales,  1906-7— Recettes  postalen  pendant  le  premier  trimestre  de 
Pannee  1907-8— Augmentation  des  droits  d'importation  sur  le  sucre— Commerce 
de  Progreso,  Yucatan,  pendant  le  premier  trimestre  de  Pannee  1907-8— Mines 
de  cuivre— Modifications  douanieres. 

XIII.— Panama 245 

ModiflcationB  douanieres. 

XIV.— PtBOU 248 

Servioe  maritime  entre  New- York  et  Callao. 

X  v.— Saltadob 248 

Hodiflcations  douanieres. 


While  the  utmost  care  is  taken  to  inaure  accuracy  in  the  publications 
of  the  International  Buxeau  of  the  American  Republics,  no  responsibility 
is  assumed  on  account  of  errors  or  inaccuracies  which  may  occur  therein. 


For  nUKs  que  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Bepublicas  Americanas  pone 
escrupuloso  cuidado  para  obtener  el  mayor  g^rado  de  correcci6n  en  sus  publi- 
caciones,  no  asume  responsabilidad  alg^una  por  los  errores  6  inexactitudes 
que  pudieran  deslizarse. 


Apezar  de  se  tomar  o  maior  cuidado  para  se  asseg^urar  correc^So  nas 
publica^Ses  da  Secretaria  Internacional  das  Bepublicas  Americanas,  esta 
nSo  se  responsabeliza  pelos  erros  ou  inexactidOes  que  nellas  occorrerem. 


Bien  que  le  Bureau  International  des  B^publiques  Am^ricaines  exerce  le 
plus  grrand  soin  poux  assuxer  Inexactitude  de  ses  publications,  il  n'assumera 
aucune  responsabilit^  des  erreurs  ou  inexactitudes  qui  pourraient  s'y  glisser. 

X 


DINNER  GIVEN   IN  WASHINGTON,   DECEMBER  9,   1907,   BY  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE  OF 
VICE-PRESIDENT,  SPEAKER  OF  HOUSE  OF   REPRESENTATIVES,   MEMBERS  OF  THE  SUF 
THE  GUESTS. 


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■ATES,   IN   HONOR  OF   DELEGATES  TO  CENTRAL  AMERICAN   PEACE  CONFERENCE.     THE 
AND  OF  THE  SENATE    AND   HOUSE   COMMITTEES  ON    FOREIGN    AFFAIRS  WERE    AMONG 


Monthly  Bulletin 

OF  THE 

International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics, 

Internatioiial  Union  of  American  Bepnblics. 


Vol.  XXVI.  JANUARY,  1908.  No.  1. 


The  welcome  which  the  Brazilian  Government  and  people  gave  the 
battlenship  fleet  of  the  United  States  when  it  entered  the  port  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro  on  January  12  was  so  genuine  and  cordial,  and  the  hospitaUties 
which  were  extended  during  the  ten  days'  stay  of  the  ships  were  so 
lavish  and  extensive,  that  the  officers  and  men  will  never  forget  the 
attention  shown  them.  At  no  time  in  the  history  of  the  American 
Navy's  cruises  abroad  has  there  been  a  more  marked  effort  to  show 
appreciation  of  their  presence  than  that  manifested  by  Brazil  at 
Rio  de  Janeiro.  From  indications,  of  which  there  is  now  knowledge,  it 
would  appear  that  the  reception  to  be  accorded  the  officers  and  men 
of  the  ships  at  Callao  and  Lima  by  the  Peruvian  Government  and 
people  will  be  on  a  similar  scale  of  sincerity  and  magnificence  to 
what  was  done  at  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Although  Punta  Arenas,  the  only 
point  in  Chilean  territory  at  which  the  fleet  will  touch,  is  far  from 
the  principal  port  of  Valparaiso  and  the  capital,  Santiago,  the 
Chilean  Government  is  taking  steps  to  welcome  the  fleet  there  in 
such  a  way  that  it  will  also  remember  its  brief  stay  in  Chilean  waters. 

The  presence  of  the  battle-ship  fleet  of  the  United  States  in  South 
American  waters  in  its  cruise  to  the  Pacific  is  doing  much  to  awaken 
additional  interest  throughout  the  tJnited  States  in  the  Latin- Amer- 
ican Repubhcs.  Scores  of  letters  are  coming  into  this  Bureau,  not 
only  from  newspapers  and  other  pubUcations,  but  from  individuals, 
which  are  prompted,  as  the  writers  state,  by  a  desire  to  know  more 
about  the  countries  and  ports  which  the  fleet  will  visit  or  pass  in  its 
wonderful  journey.  For  example,  several  hundred  newspapers  have 
been  provided  with  very  full  descriptive  data  about  Rio  de  Janeiro 
Punta  Arenas,  and  Callao,  so  that  they  can  publish  articles  that  will 
describe  these  points  to  their  readers.     In  this  connection,  it  can  be 


2         INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF   THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

stated  that  before  the  fleet  started  the  Bureau  provided  the  officers 
and  men  of  each  ship  with  a  set  of  the  Bureau's  publications  in 
regard  to  Latin  America,  in  order  that  as  they  steamed  around  the 
Southern  Continent,  they  could  be  informing  themselves  fully  about 
South  America.  That  this  courtesy  on  the  part  of  the  Bureau  was 
appreciated  is  shown  by  the  cordial  letters  of  thanks  which  have  come 
from  the  captains  of  the  ships. 


THE    NEXT    PAN-AMERICAN    CONFERENCE. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Governing  Board  of  the  Bureau,  held  on  Janu- 
ary 8,  a  resolution  was  introduced,  providing  that  the  Fourth  Inter- 
national Pan- American  Conference  be  held  in  Buenos  Aires  in  1910. 
Action  on  the  resolution  was  deterred  until  the  next  meeting  of  the 
Governing  Board,  to  be  held  on  February  5,  in  order  that  the  different 
members  of  the  Board  could  communicate  with  their  respective  Gov- 
ernments and  ascertain  their  attitude  on  this  point.  At  the  adjourn- 
ment of  the  conference  held  in  Rio  de  Janeiro  in  1906,  it  was  generally 
understood  that  the  next  conference  would  be  held  in  Buenos  Aires, 
but  it  was  left  for  the  Governing  Board  of  the  Bureau  to  determine 
later  on  the  actual  place  and  date.  The  principal  reason  for  selecting 
the  year  1910,  instead  of  1911  or  1912,  is  tjiat  the  Argentine  Republic 
will  celebrate  in  that  year  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  its  independ- 
ence, and  now  plans  to  hold  a  great  exposition.  In  view  of  the  rapid 
progress,  both  poUtical  and  commercial,  which  Latin  America  is  now 
making  and  of  the  closer  relations  developing  between  the  United 
States  and  her  sister  Republics,  the  Fourth  Pan-American  Conference 
is  sure  to  have  much  to  consider  of  interest  to  all  the  countries  con- 
cerned, and  will  have  an  important  bearing  on  their  future  relations. 


EXPOSmONS    IN    SOUTH    AMERICA. 

The  Bulletin  has  already  called  particular  attention  to  the 
exposition  which  the  Brazilian  Government  is  to  hold  in  Rio  de 
Janeiro  this  coming  summer,  and  that  which  the  Argentine  Govern- 
ment will  hold  at  Buenos  Aires  in  1910.  Now,  the  Government  of 
Ecuador  announces  that  it  will  hold  an  exi>osition  at  Quito  in  1909, 
and  it  has  extended  an  invitation  to  the  United  States  Government 
to  participate.  In  order  to  comply  with  this  invitation.  President 
Roosevelt  has  sent  a  message  to  Congress  recommending  a  specific 
appropriation  for  this  purpose.  Neither  the  Governments  of  Brazil 
nor  the  Argentine  Republic  plan  to  invite  foreign  countries  to  take 
part,  although  their  manufacturers  and  merchants  wiU  be  aUowed 


INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE    AMERICAN   REPUBLICS.         3 

to  make  exhibits  under  special  conditions.  As  Ecuador  has  particu- 
larly requested  the  United  States  to  participate,  it  is  hoped  that  Con- 
gress will  vote  the  necessary  money  for  the  construction  of  a  credit- 
able building  and  the  sending  of  a  comprehensive  exhibit.  In  a 
short  time  the  railroad  from  Guayaquil,  on  the  coast  of  Ecuador,  to 
Quito,  the  capital,  in  the  interior,  will  be  completed,  so  that  passen- 
gers can  make  the  journey  from  the  steamer  landing  at  Guayaquil 
to  the  scene  of  the  exposition  at  Quito  in  twenty-four  hours,  over  a 
line  of  railroad  which  is  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world  in  the  engi- 
neering difhculties  it  has  overcome  and  in  the  scenery  it  provides. 
Quito  itself  is  one  of  the  interesting  cities  of  South  America,  and  the 
climate  is  agreeable.  Its  altitude  above  the  sea,  approximately 
10,000  feet,  saves  it  from  the  excessive  heat  of  the  low  tropics,  and 
its  nearness  to  the  equator  protects  it  from  severe  cold.  When  the 
exposition  opens,  it  will  be  possible  to  make  the  trip  from  New  York 
to  Quito  in  less  than  ten  days,  so  that  there  ought  to  be  a  considerable 
attendance  from  the  United  States. 


IMPROVED   SOUTH   AMERICAN    STEAMSHIP   CONNECTIONS. 

The  Lamport  and  Holt  Steamship  Company  is  to  be  congratulated 
upon  the  improvements  now  being  made  in  the  service  between  New 
York  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Buenos  Aires.  The  great  complaint  in 
the  past  has  been  that  there  have  been  too  few  steamers  with  high- 
grade  passenger  arrangements  running  between  the  principal  ports 
of  the  United  States  and  those  of  the  east  coast  of  South  America. 
Three  new  vessels,  each  of  9,000  tons  burden,  with  excellent  accom- 
modations for  150  first-class  cabin,  and  50  second-class  and 
third-class  passengers,  have  been  placed  on  the  line.  These  are 
new  boats,  and  the  first  of  them  to  make  the  run  is  the  Verdi,  To 
celebrate  this  important  event,  a  large  dinner  was  given  January  14, 
on  board  the  Verdi  at  New  York,  at  which  were  present  men  from 
New  York  and  other  sections  of  the  country  interested  in  the  develop- 
ment of  trade  with  South  America.  All  who  inspected  the  steam- 
ship were  favorably  impressed,  and  each  guest  felt  as  if  he  would 
like  to  start  at  once  on  a  visit  to  South  America.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  travelers  throughout  the  United  States  who  have  hesitated  here- 
tofore to  go  to  South  America  on  account  of  inferior  accomodations 
may  be  tempted  to  make  the  trip,  now  that  vessels  of  this  kind  are 
running.  In  turn,  it  is  hoped  that  more  representative  South 
Americans,  who  before  have  hesitated  to  visit  the  United  States,  for 
the  same  reason,  may  be  induced  to  imdertake  the  journey.  There 
is  no  better  way  to  promote  friendly  relations  between  different 
countries  than  the  mutual  interchange  of  travel. 


4        INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF   THE    AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 
FURTHER   EXPRESSION   OF   INTEREST  BY  PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT. 

All  persons  interested  in  the  promotion  of  closer  relations  between 
the  United  States  and  Latin  America  were  pleased  with  the  refer- 
ence which  Prudent  Rooseyelt  made  to  the  International  Bureau 
in  his  message,  and  which  was  reproduced  in  the  last  issue  of  the 
Bulletin.  Following  this,  comes  a  letter  which  he  has  recently 
written  to  Prof.  L.  S.  Rowe,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
This  points  out  the  distinct  advantage  of  more  intimate  intellectual 
association  between  North  and  South  America,  and  expresses  deep 
interest  on  the  part  of  the  President  in  plans  which  may  be  carried 
out  along  this  line.  The  letter  of  the  President  is  reproduced  else- 
where in  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin. 


the  next  lake  mohonk  conference. 

H.  C.  Phillips,  Secretary  of  the  Lake  Mohonk  Conference  on  Inter- 
national Arbitration,  informs  the  Bureau  that  the  session  for  1908 
will  be  held  on  May  20, 21,  and  22,  and  that  it  is  now  planned  to  give 
much  attention  to  Pan-American  matters.  He  hopes  that  the 
Bureau  and  the  Governing  Board  of  this  institution  will  take  a  spe- 
cial interest  in  the  conference  and  be  well  represented  in  its  delibera- 
tions. In  his  communication  he  says:  ''I  think  that  it  is  safe  to  say 
that  the  attention  attracted  by  last  year's  Pan-American  session  has 
been  of  no  little  benefit  to  the  general  cause  of  arbitration,  and  that 
a  similar  session  this  year,  well  annoimced,  will  be  more  eSective." 


COLOMBIAN   BUREAU  OF   INFORMATION. 

President  Rafael  Reyes,  of  Colombia,  and  the  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  A.  Vasquez  Cobo,  have  taken  a  direct  step  forward  in  making 
Colombia  better  known  throughout  the  world  by  organizing  in  Bogota 
a  Central  Colombian  Office  of  Information,  which  will  have  branches 
in  London,  Paris,  Brussels,  Hamburg,  Barcelona,  and  New  York.  In 
the  decree  issued  by  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  he  states  that 
these  agencies  are  to  be  provided  with  newspapers  and  other  official 
publications  of  general  interest,  which  may  serve  to  furnish  informa- 
tion to  the  public  in  Europe  and  in  the  United  States  concerning 
Colombia  and  the  opportunities  existing  there  for  the  investment  of 
foreign  capital.  The  Minister  abo  announces  that  this  Bureau  will 
correspond  with  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics 
established  in  Washington,  and  asks  that  the  International  Bureau 
give  the  Colombian  Bureau  such  cooperation  as  it  can  in  the  carry- 
ing out  of  its  important  work. 


nrrSBHATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMBRIOAN   BEPUBLICN9.         5 
TRADE   CONDITIONS   IN   COLOMBIA. 

The  "  Report  on  Trade  Conditions  in  Colombia,"  prepared  by 
Chaslbs  M.  Peppeb,  Special  Agent  of  the  Department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor,  and  recently  published  by  the  Bureau  of  Manufactures,  is 
timely  and  interesting.  It  takes  up  carefully  all  the  facts  about 
trade,  commerce,  resources,  and  opportunities  in  Colombia  which 
should  be  known  by  those  persons  who  intend  to  do  business  with 
that  coimtry  or  invest  capital  in  it.  Mr.  Peppeb  made  a  visit  to 
Colombia  and  studied  attentively  the  conditions  before  preparing  this 
paper.  He  is  now  continuing  his  investigations  in  Ecuador,  Peru, 
and  other  South  American  coimtries,  and  will  prepare  corresponding 
pamphlets  concerning  them. 


national   ASSOCIATION    OF   MANUFACTUBEBS. 

The  National  Association  of  Manufacturers,  which  has  its  general 
oflSces  at  170  Broadway,  New  York  City,  and  whose  president  is 
James  W.  Van  Cleave,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  is  developing  a  subordinate 
feature  of  its  oTganization  which  is  of  great  importance.  The  Decem- 
ber issue  of  "American  Industries"  describes  graphically  how  the 
association  is  planning  to  supply  its  members  with  every  variety  of 
information  they  may  desire  concerning  conditions  of  trade  in  foreign 
coimtries.  At  the  same  time,  the  fact  is  emphasized  that  foreign 
merchants  are  always  provided,  free  of  .charge,  with  such  informa- 
tion as  they  may  seek  regarding  commercial  or  industrial  subjects. 
If  an  exporter  or  merchant  of  any  South  American  city  or  coimtry 
wishes  to  do  business  in  the  United  States  he  can  write  to  the  Na- 
tional Association  of  Manufacturers  and  receive  in  reply  the  data 
he  desires  as  to  firms  with  whom  he  should  communicate.  This 
wiU  be  of  great  help  to  the  promotion  of  trade  between  the  United 
States  and  her  sister  Republics.  The  Bureau  is  glad  to  acknowledge 
the  tender  of  cooperation  which  it  has  received  from  the  association 
for  promoting  Pan-American  trade,  and  it  will  always  be  glad  to 
furnish  any  information  it  can  in  turn  to  its  members  who  may  be 
contemplating  entrance  into  the  Latin- American  field. 


THE  BUBEAU   AT  THE  THIBD  INTEBNATIONAL  SANFTARY  CONVENTION. 

The  active  participation  of  the  Bureau  in  the  Third  International 
Sanitary  Convention  held  in  the  City  of  Mexico  during  December, 
1907,  is  demonstrated  by  the  report  of  its  special  representative,  Mr. 
Fbancisoo  J.  Yanbs,  Secretary  of  the  Bureau,  as  published  in  this 
issue  of  the  Bulletin.  He  notes  not  only  the  interest  of  Latin 
America  in  modem  hygienic  conditions,  but  also  a  growing  apprecia- 
tion of  tbe  work  of  the  Pan-American  Bureau  at  Washingto\i. 


6        INTERNATIONAL    BUBEAU    OF   THE    AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 
ARGENTINE    COMMERCIAL    STATISTICS. 

Trade  figures  furnished  by  the  Argentine  Statistical  Bureau  for 
the  nine  months — January  to  September — of  1907  show  the  satisfac- 
tory trade  balance  in  favor  of  the  Republic  of  $38,043,393,  import 
values  being  $202,835,218  and  exports,  $240,878,611.  As  compared 
with  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year  both  branches 
of  commerce  show  satisfactory  gains,  an  advance  of  $5,519,704  being 
noted  for  imports  and  of  $16,247,350  for  exports. 

The  agricultural  development  proceeding  in  the  Republic  is  indi- 
cated by  the  official  statement  of  the  crop  areas  sown  in  1907 — 
wheat,  linseed,  and  oats  all  showing  increased  acreage.  The  meas- 
ures taken  for  the  adequate  handling  of  national  products  are  in  line 
with  the  general  spirit  of  progress  pervading  the  country,  while  a 
recent  law  granting  free  customs  entry  for  ten  years,  to  all  sorts  of 
machinery,  tools,  and  materials  requisite  in  mining  and  metallurgical 
establishments,  foreshadows  a  greater  activity  in  this  branch  of  in- 
dustrial life. 

brazil's  trade  balance. 

In  spite  of  the  shrinkage  in  values  of  the  two  leading  items  of 
Brazihan  exportation — coflfee  and  rubber — during  August  and  Sep- 
tember, 1907,  the  balance  of  trade  in  favor  of  the  Republic  showed  a 
marked  gain  for  the  first  nine  months  of  the  year  as  compared  with 
the  same  period  of  1906,  advancing  from  $53,000,000  to  $63,000,000; 
imports  figuring  for  $147,000,000,  and  exports  for  $210,000,000.  In 
both  branches  of  trade  gratifying  gains  were  made  over  last  year,  and 
the  heavy  importation  of  machinery  and  materials  for  public  works 
continued  until  the  close  of  the  year. 

An  important  measure  for  the  furtherance  of  national  industries 
is  the  authorization  of  a  new  agricultural  bank,  capitalized  for 
$10,000,000,  which  shall  facilitate  in  every  feasible  manner  the  de- 
velopment of  agriculture,  providing  capital  and  credit  for  guaran- 
teed enterprises. 

Agricultural  progress  is  to  be  further  incited  through  the  establish- 
ment of  Japanese  colonies  in  the  States  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao 
Paulo,  contracts  for  the  introduction  of  settlers  having  been  entered 
into  between  the  local  authorities  and  the  company  interested. 


new  minister  from  chile  to  the  united  states. 

In  welcoming  the  new  Chilean  Minister  to  the  United  States,  Seflor 
Don  Anibal  Cruz,  the  Pan-American  Bureau  makes  acknowledgment 
of  the  valuable  services  rendered  in  this  capacity  by  the  retiring  Min- 


INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF   THE    A^TERICAN   REPUBLICS.         7 

ister,  Seftor  Walker-Martinez,  now  representing  the  Department 
of  Santiago  in  the  Chilean  National  Congress.  Seflor  Cruz,  on  the" 
occasion  of  presenting  his  credentials  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States  on  November  16,  1907,  communicated  the  desire  of  his  Gov- 
ernment for  the  maintenance  of  the  happy  relations  existing  between 
the  two  countries,  which  expression  was  earnestly  echoed  in  the  reply 
of  President  Roosevelt. 

The  culture  of  flax  in  Chile  is  to  be  protected  by  a  governmental 
bounty,  if  the  bill  presented  by  the  Executive  to  Congress  on  October 
26,  1907,  shall  become  a  law.  In  the  bill  in  reference,  $150,000  is  set 
apart  for  the  payment  of  bounties  on  flax  produced,  manufactured, 
and  exported  in  the  Republic  for  a  period  of  twelve  years. 

The  commercial  status  of  the  country  is  indicated  by  the  fact 
that  the  customs  revenue  collected  at  the  various  ports  during  the 
first  nine  months  of  1907,  reported  as  $26,000,000,  show  an  advance 
of  over  $3,000,000,  as  compared  with  the  same  period  of  the  preceding 
year. 

NATIONAL  industries   AND  TARIFF  MODIFICATIONS   IN   COLOMBIA. 

Valuable  information  on  Colombian  rubber  and  on  cotton  manu- 
facture in  the  Republic  is  reproduced  in  this  issue  from  reports  for- 
warded to  the  Department  of  State  of  the  United  States  by  Consul 
I^  A.   Manning,   of  Cartagena.     The   increase  in  rubber  growing 
throughout  the  Republic  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  for  the  year  1906 
^ilie  shipments  from  Cartagena  totaled   159,580   kilos,  while  in  the 
Sfirst  nine  months  of  1907,  136,680  kilos  were  exported.     Not  only  are 
^plantations  of  vast  extent  being  established,  but  precautionary  meas- 
"IDores  are  being  taken  against  the  destruction  of  the  wild  trees. 

Various  modifications  of  the  existing  Colombian  tariff  as  they  be- 
mtme  effective  throughout  the  year  1907  are  also  published  as  of  timely 
■oaterest. 

COSTA    RICAS    special    ENVOY    TO    THE    t'NITED    STATES. 

In  connection  with  liis  duties  as  one  of  the  Delegates  of  Costa  Rica 
Wbo  the  Central  American  Peace  Congress  held  in  Washington  during 
WOxe  closing  months  of  1907,  Senor  Don  Luis  Anderson  was  also 
feonored  by  appointment  as  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Pleni- 
Ipotentiary  of  Costa  Rica  on  a  special  mission  to  the  United  States* 
M^e  was  received  in  this  capacity  on  November  12, 1907,  and  presented 
lEIie  cordial  greetings  of  President  Gonzalez  VIquez  and  of  the  Gov- 
l^irimient  and  people  of  Costa  Rica  to  President  Roosevelt. 
Li  Special  agricultural  boards  whose  powers  and  duties  are  to  be  for 
■be  promotion  and  development  of  agriculture  in  the  respective 
•tT'  24181— Bull.  1- 


8        IWTaaKATIOlfAL   BUHEAU    OF   THE   AMMtlCAW    BEFUBUOS. 

Departments,  have  been  ordered  established  by  a  Presidential  decree 
of  December  2,  1907,  in  Costa  Kica,  and  it  is  desired  to  bring  the 
industrial  value  of  other  native  products  up  to  the  same  plane  as 
that  now  occupied  by  bananas. 

In  regard  to  this  latter  culture,  United  States  Minister  Mesrt 
reports  that  owing  to  the  nonacceptance  by  the  large  growing  and 
shipping  interests  of  the  export  duty  of  1  cent  recently  placed  on 
each  bunch  of  bananas — the  law  having  been  enacted  subject  to 
such  acceptance — the  status  of  the  industry  remains  as  before,  in  so 
far  as  the  export  duty  is  concerned. 


RESULTS    OF  THE   CUBAN    CENSUS. 

The  census  of  the  Cuban  Repubhc,  taken  in  1907,  reports  the  total 
population  as  numbering  2,028,282,  as  compared  with  1,572,845  in 
1899,  the  Provinces  of  Havana  and  Santa  Clara  being  the  most  popu- 
lous. Immigration  for  the  fiscal  year  190G-7  shows  a  decrease  as 
compared  with  the  preceding  year  of  23,080  arrivals. 

Customs  receipts  at  the  port  of  Havana  during  1907  aggregated 
$20,005,048.12,  a  gain  of  $1,500,000  over  1906.  Important  meas- 
ures for  the  sanitation  of  various  mimicipahties  and  precautionary 
steps  against  yellow  fever  have  been  provided  for  by  an  appropriation 
of  $350,000. 

Ecuador's  national  exposition. 

In  commemoration  of  the  rising  for  independence  in  South  America 
on  August  10,  1809,  a  National  Exposition  is  to  be  held  at  Quito  on 
the  100th  anniversary  of  that  event.  The  decree  providing  for  the 
celebration  was  issued  by  President  Alfaro  in  October,  1907,  and 
exhibits  will  cover  not  only  the  forestal,  pastoral,  agricultural,  min- 
ing, railroad,  and  fishery  resources  of  the  country,  but  will  also  pro- 
vide historical  and  artistic  features  of  international  interest,  and 
prizes  have  been  offered  by  the  Government  for  articles  dealing  with 
patriotic  and  liistorical  subjects.  Arrangements  have  been  made  for 
the  particii>ation  of  other  nations  in  the  Exposition. 


GrATEMAL.V  S    Tli^VDE    AND    OPPORTUNITIES. 

The  opening  of  Guatemala's  inten>ceanic  trade  route  from  San 
Jose  on  the  Pacific  to  Puerto  Barrios  on  the  Atlantic,  scheduled  for 
January  19,  1908,  renders  of  groat  interest  and  value  the  pamplilet 
recently  issued  by  Sei\or  Vict<^r  Agiilar  Pelaez.  Consul  of  the 

>pubHc  in  Liveqx)ol  and  Manchester.     To  meet  the  newly  awakened 


OTTEBKATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERIOAN   BEPUBUOS.        9 

interest  in  this  section  of  Central  America,  the  Bulletin  has  repro- 
duced in  great  part  the  pamphlet  in  reference,  covering  a  r6sum6  of 
trade  and  economic  conditions  as  existant  in  1906. 

The  entry  of  the  first  train  arriving  at  the  capital  from  Puerto 
Barrios  was  made  the  occasion  of  great  display  and  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  event  an  exposition  of  national  industries  was  held. 
Special  representatives  of  foreign  nations  participated  in  the  attend- 
ant ceremonies.  This  railroad,  which  will  greatly  facilitate  the 
transport  of  native  products  to  the  seaboard,  has  an  extent  of  269 
miles,  and  fonns  a  tangible  evidence  of  the  development  of  this  pro- 
gressive Republic. 

ESTABLISHMENT   OF   A    CHAMBER    OF   COMMERCE    IN    HAITI. 

To  further  the  commercial,  agricultural,  industrial,  and  maritime 
interests  of  the  Haitian  Republic,  a  Chamber  of  Commerce  has  been 
established  at  Port  au  Prince,  in  accordance  ^vith  a  Presidential  decree 
of  November  30,  1907.  An  appropriation  of  $1,800  to  meet  the 
expenses  of  organization  has  been  made  and  the  President  of  the 
Republic  named  as  honorary  president.  Not  only  will  the  organiza- 
tion disseminate  information  concerning  native  products  and  indus- 
tries, but  it  will  also  serve  as  an  intermediary  for  the  local  distribution 
of  foreign  data  of  value  to  the  country. 


INCREASED    EXPORT   TAX    ON    BANANAS    IN    HONDURAS. 

To  meet  the  demand  for  better  wharfage  accommodations  and  facili- 
ties for  shipping  bananas  at  the  northern  ports  of  Honduras,  the 
GJovemment  has  increased  the  export  duty  on  each  bunch  of  bananas 
from  2  to  3  centavos,  part  of  the  proceeds  thereof  to  be  applied  to  such 
improvements  as  may  be  deemed  expedient. 


MEXICO   AS    SEEN    BY    ITS    MINISTER    OF    FINANCE. 

The  j^early  issuance  by  Licenciado  Jose  Yves  Limantour,  the 
famous  Minister  of  Finance  of  the  Mexican  Republic,  of  his  Treasury 
statement  and  review  of  the  economic  status  of  the  countrj^  forms  an 
epoch  in  Mexican  annals.  IKs  report  made  to  the  National  Congress 
on  December  14,  1907,  should  be  read  by  all  persons  desirous  of  a 
close  imderstanding  of  Mexican  affairs.  A  r6sum6  covering  the  most 
salient  points  is  made  for  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin  and  shows  the 
gratifying  conditions  prevailing  throughout  this  important  part  of  the 
Pan-American  Union. 


10    INTEKNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

The  Mexican  trade  reportfor  the  first  quarter  of  the  fiscal  year  1907-8, 
shows  increases  of  over  $5,000,000,  both  in  imports  and  exports  of  the 
RepubUc,  and  is  the  more  satisfactory  as  for  the  corresponding  periods 
of  the  two  preceding  fiscal  years,  a  decUne  in  exports  was  noted. 

The  improvements  in  progress  and  projected  at  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  terminals  of  the  Tehuantepec  Railroad  are  exciting  great 
interest  among  the  promoters  of  trans-Isthmian  traffic  and  it  is  pro- 
posed to  make  Salina  Cruz  and  Coatzocoalcos  rank  with  other  world 
ports  for  the  transshipment  of  merchandise. 


MESSAGE    OF   THE    PRESIDENT   OF    NICARAGUA. 

The  message  addressed  by  President  Zelaya  to  the  Nicaraguan 
Congress  on  December  1,  1907,  is  an  important  document,  embodying 
the  views  of  the  Executive  with  regard  to  the  late  Peace  Conference 
at  Wasliington  and  the  causes  and  results  thereof. 

Thd  concession  granted  by  the  Government  to  Messrs.  Guerrero 
and  MoREiRA  for  the  exploitation  of  the  rubber  forests  of  the  Republic 
for  ten  years  from  September  10,  1905,  has  been  transferred  to  the 
Atlantic  Industrial  Company,  which  will  carry  on  the  work  under- 
taken by  the  former  concessionaires  under  governmental  charter. 

A  new  trade-mark  law,  promulgated  on  November  26,  1907,  has 
important  bearing  upon  industrial  protection  in  Nicaragua  and  is 
designed  for  the  protection  of  both  foreign  and  local  business. 


CONSUL  KELLOGG  S  REPORT  FROM  COLON,  PANAMA. 

The  report  of  United  States  Consul  James  C.  Kellogg,  of  Colon, 
on  the  port  of  Bocas  del  Toro,  shows  that  while  imports  at  that  place 
increased  during  the  fiscal  year  1907  as  compared  with  the  preceding 
year,  export  valuations  declined.  It  is  anticii)ated  that  the  shipment 
of  bananas  to  Europe,  for  which  extensive  preparation  has  been  made 
in  equipping  steamers  with  refrigerating  apparatus,  will  produce  a 
contrary  result  in  the  present  year.  The  United  States  is  reported 
as  leading  other  nations  in  the  trade  of  the  port. 


A    NATIONAL    BANK    FOR    PARAGUAY. 

The  project  has  been  presented  to  the  Paraguayan  Congress  for  the 
establishment  of  a  mixed  bank  under  Government  authorization  to 
be  known  as  the  Bank  of  the  Republic,  and  capitaUzed  at  $20,000,000 
gold.  The  various  conditions  of  operation  are  shown  in  tliis  issue  of 
the  Bulletin. 


INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN   REPUBLICS.       11 
NEW    STEAMSHIP   SERVICE    BETWEEN    NEW   YORK   AND   CALLAO. 

With  the  inauguration  of  a  new  steamship  service  between  New 
York  and  Callao,  via  Panama,  a  great  economic  advance  will  be  made 
in  the  intercourse  of  these  two  conunercial  sections.  This  enterprise 
under  the  National  Steamship  and  Floating  Dock  Company  of  Callao, 
will,  it  is  anticipated,  be  in  full  operation  eariy  in  1908,  and  in  addition 
to  being  capitalized  for  $15,000,000,  it  is  subsidized  by  the  Peruvian 
Government  for  $1,500,000. 


SALVADOR  S    CUSTOMS   REVENUES. 


A  decrease  in  the  customs  revenues  of  Salvador  of  $145,904.42  is  to 
be  noted  in  the  latest  figures  to  hand,  showing  $543,624.72  in  the  first 
quarter  of  1907.  The  comparison  is  made  with  the  corresponding 
period  of  1906. 


LTIUGUAY  S    CUSTOMS    VALUES. 

Although  the  customs  receipts  of  Uruguay  show  a  slight  decline 
in  October,  1907,  from  those  of  the  corresponding  month  of  1906, 
the  total  for  the  ten  months'  period  ending  October  show  a  gain, 
the  totals  for  the  two  j^ears — January  to  October — being  $11,271,871 
and  $11,006,639,  respectively. 

Important  changes  are  embodied  in  the  Uruguayan  tax  law  for 
1908,  as  submitted  by  the  legislatiu'e  to  the  Government.  One  of 
the  provisions  raises  the  tax  on  premiums  of  foreign  insurance  com- 
panies in  the  Republic  from  3  to  7  per  cent. 


INCREASE   OF    IMPORT   DUTIES    IN    VENEZUELA. 

Various  articles  of  food  and  domestic  use  have  been  made  the 
subject  of  a  surtax  imposed  by  the  Venezuelan  Government  by  a 
decree  of  November  14,  1907.  Other  items  are  covered  by  tariff 
modifications  of  recent  date. 


BOOK  NOTES. 
MODERN  ARGENTINA. 


No  work  of  recent  issue  is  better  qualified  to  meet  the  existing 
demand  for  general  information  concerning  the  coimtries  of  Latin 
America  than  that  published  by  Francis  Griffiths,  London,  1907, 
under  the  title  "Modem  Argentina — the  El  Dorado  of  To-day,'' with 


12         INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

supplementary  chapters  on  Uruguay  and  Chile.  The  author, 
W.  H.  KoEBEL,  has  carefully  avoided  all  but  the  barest  statements 
of  statistics,  and  has  prepared  a  thoroughly  readable  and  entertain- 
ing account  of  conditions,  both  of  town  and  camp,  as  encountered 
by  an  interested  and  inquiring  traveler.  He  pays  due  tribute  to 
the  advanced  position  which  the  RepubUc  is  taking  among  the 
countries  of  the  earth,  and  attributes  this  prominence,  in  its  en- 
tirety, to  the  value  and  extent  of  the  nation^s  *'camp*'  products, 
animal  and  vegetable.  In  comparison  therewith,  he  finds  the  few 
urban  manufactories  and  industries  practically  insignificant.  The 
commercial  distributing  center  of  the  national  products,  Buenos 
Aires,  is  described  as  of  imposing  magnificence,  with  handsome 
boulevards,  electric  lighting  and  water  works  systems,  palatial 
public  buildings,  and  all  the  adornments  and  paraphernalia  of  a 
great  city  containing  over  1,000,000  inhabitants.  The  produce 
market  and  the  system  of  docks  along  the  water  front  are  among 
the  astonisliing  developments  of  the  modem  city  adapted  to  the 
growing  requirements  of  the  meat,  wool,  and  grain  trade  of  the 
country.  Rosario,  Bahia  Blanca,  and  Rosario  are  all  treated  from 
their  characteristic  standpoints,  and  a  charming  accoimt  of  the 
fashionable  seaside  resort.  Mar  del  Plata,  is  furnished. 

The  distinctively  Argentine  stamp  of  the  volume  is,  however, 
to  be  found  in  the  chapters  devoted  to  life  in  the  ''camp." 
The  daily  routine  and  habits  of  the  ''gaucho''  are  set  forth  with 
picturesque  details,  while  the  garnering  of  the  great  crops  of  wheat, 
maize,  Hnseed,  and  alfalfa,  the  breeding  and  care  of  stock,  and  other 
camp  topics,  are  narrated  with  charm  and  clearness.  Mendoza  and 
its  contiguous  vineyards,  the  great  Chaco  with  its  timber  wealth,  the 
mines  of  Famatina,  are  all  treated  \nih.  interest,  wliile  special  appre- 
ciation of  the  railway  systems  of  the  country  is  recorded.  Of  the 
latter,  the  writer  had  ample  opportunity  to  judge  in  his  trip  from 
Buenos  Aires  across  the  Argentine  Republic  to  Mendoza  and  Las 
Cuevas.  At  this  point  the  comfortable  train  was  exchanged  for  the 
journey  on  mule  back  over  the  mountains,  on  the  summit  of  which 
stands  the  heroic  figure  of  Christ,  the  symbol  of  the  Argentine  and 
Chilean  peace  compact.  The  downward  grade  on  the  Chilean  side 
carries  the  traveler  to  Los  Andes,  the  terminus  of  the  Transandine 
line  on  the  Pacific  side,  from  wliich  point  the  journey  to  Valparaiso 
is  continued  by  rail.  The  sections  devoted  to  Chile  and  Uruguay, 
although  quite  limited,  are  characterized  by  the  same  clearness  of 
description  and  practical  value  avS  the  preceding  chapters.  The  great 
Liebig  factor}'  of  beef  products  and  extracts  at  Fray  Bentos  Ls  noted 
as  quite  apart  from  the  ordinarj-  commercial  enterprise  of  its  kind  by 
reason  of  the  almost  idyllic  nature  of  its  position  and  environs. 


HfTSBVATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   TH£   AMKBICAN   REPUBLICS.      13 
MEXICO  OF   THE  TWENTIETH    CENTURY. 

Valuable  as  a  book  of  reference,  and  more  than  ordinarily  inter- 
esting on  its  literary  side^  the  recent  work  of  Percy  F.  Martin, 
F.  R.  G.  S.,  entitled  ^'Mexico  of  the  Twentieth  Century,''  deserves 
to  be  in  the  hands  of  all  persons  seeking  information  concerning  this 
Republic.  Published  by  Edward  Arnold,  London,  1907,  it  is  issued 
in  two  volumes,  the  first  of  which  is  devoted  to  a  general  considera- 
tion of  existent  conditions;  sketches  of  public  men  and  institutions 
and  such  historical  information  as  may  conduce  to  an  intelligent 
reading.  Volume  II  covers  a  descriptive  account  of  every  State  com- 
posing the  United  Mexican  States,  detailing  the  resources  and  possi- 
bilities of  each.  Following  this  section,  adequate  account  is  given  of 
the  various  native  industries  and  products  and  the  remarkable  prog- 
ress made  in  all  branches  of  economic  development  under  present 
conditions.  Glowing  reference  is  made  to  the  fame  and  ability  of 
President  Diaz,  whom  the  author  ranks  among  the  great  men  of  all 
ages.  The  influence  and  predominance  of  United  States  enterprise 
throughout  the  country  are  emphasized,  and  regret  is  expressed  that 
Great  Britain  should  have  allowed  to  pass  from  her  sphere  of  com- 
mercial influence  one  of  the  finest  and  safest  markets  in  the  whole 
world.  To  the  history  of  mining  the  final  chapters  of  the  book  are 
devoted,  though  the  author  frankly  states  that  so  enormous  a  sub- 
ject requires  not  one  volume  alone,  but  many  volumes.  The  laws 
governing  this  industry  have  been  pronounced  the  most  enlightened 
and  most  reasonable  in  the  world  and  the  total  output  of  gold,  silver, 
and  copper  from  the  time  of  the  Spanish  workings  to  date  is  esti- 
mated at  $3,000,000,000. 


the  DARIEN  company  of  the  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY. 

For  the  purpose  of  recording  the  life  work  of  a  Scotsman  who 
lived  two  centuries  ago,  an  interesting  volume  has  been  prepared 
covering  the  record  of  the  formation,  floating,  and  final  disruption 
of  the  first  ^'  Daiien  Company, "  and  the  relations  to  it  of  its  projector, 
William  Paterson.  The  act  creating  the ''Company  of  Scotland 
trading  to  Africa  and  the  Indies^'  became  a  law  on  June  26,  1695, 
passing  the  Scottish  Parliament  and  being  touched  with  the  scepter 
by  His  Majesty^s  Commissioner.  Tlie  enterprise  as  projected  pur- 
posed that  a  certain  part  of  the  Isthmus  of  Darien,  in  Central  Amer- 
ica, should  be  the  entrep6t  for  the  exchange  of  Western  and  Eastern 
commodities;  the  inauguration  of  universal  free  trade  and  the  con- 
centration of  the  commerce  of  the  globe  on  the  Isthmus  of  Darien 
being  the  dominant  ideas  of  Paterson's  scheme.  On  the  26th  of 
July,  1698,  departure  was  made  from  Leith,  with  destination  for 


14         INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

the  Isthmus,  and  on  November  3,  the  first  expedition  cast  anchor 
at  Golden  Island,  in  the  bay  of  Ada,  near  the  Gulf  of  Darien.  The 
journal  kept  by  a  member  of  the  party  recounts  the  incidents  of  the 
voyage  and  of  the  subsequent  establishment  of  the  colony,  while  a 
report  made  by  William  Patebson  himself,  who  accompanied  the 
expedition  in  a  private  capacity,  furnishes  abundant  evidence  of 
the  shrewd  business  sense  of  the  original  promoter  of  the  enterprise. 
The  colony  was  abandoned  in  June,  1699,  and  later  expeditions 
met  with  no  better  success,  but  so  great  was  the  interest  and  enthu- 
siasm which  prevailed  throughout  Scotland  with  regard  to  the 
scheme  that  on  March  25,  1707,  complete  restitution  was  made  by 
the  Scottish  Parliament  to  the  subscribers  of  the  ill-fated  company. 


PANAMA    CANAL   REPORT    FOR    1907. 

The  report  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission  for  the  fiscal  jear 
ended  June  30,  1907,  signed  by  Lieut.  Col.  George  W.  Goethals, 
Chairman  of  the  Commission  and  chief  engineer  of  the  works,  fur- 
nishes a  record  of  ceaseless  activity,  of  work  accomplished,  and  of 
difficulties  overcome.  A  considerable  part  of  the  report  is  occupied 
with  a  discussion  of  the  relative  advantages  and  the  reverse  of  gov- 
ernmental or  contract  administration  of  the  enterprise,  with  the 
conclusion  that  the  work  can  be  done  better,  more  cheaply,  and  more 
quickly  by  the  Government.  Detailed  particulars  are  given  of  the 
results  of  the  working  of  sixty-three  steam  shovels,  some  of  which 
weigh  95  tons.  These  matters  are  of  importance  as  having  direct 
bearing  upon  the  length  of  time  required  for  the  completion  of  the 
canal,  and  show  that  if  a  sufficient  number  of  shovels  are  put  to  work 
in  the  Culebra  cut  the  excavation  for  a  sea-level  canal  can  be  made 
inside  of  ten  years,  wliich  is  a  period  much  less  than  that  estimated 
by  the  Board  of  Consulting  Engineers.  The  measures  taken  for  the 
sanitation  of  the  Isthmus  and  for  the  housing  and  feeding  of  the 
23,327  members  of  the  classified  force  at  work  are  shown  to  be  ade- 
quate and  satisfactory,  while  the  report  on  the  geology  of  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama  has  been  practically  confined  to  such  matters  as  have  a 
direct  bearing  on  the  constructive  work.  The  various  subjects 
treated  are  finely  illustrated  by  147  pictures,  maps,  and  profiles. 


COMMUNICATION    IN    BRAZIL. 


The  bulk  of  the  report  presented  by  the  Brazilian  Minister  of  Pub- 
lic Works  to  the  President  of  the  Republic  covering  the  year  1906  is 
devoted  to  the  railway  systems  of  the  countr}^  The  extent  of  line  in 
operation  is  given  as  17,242.457  kilometers  (kilometer  =  0.62137  mile), 
besides   3,042.678  under  constniction   and  6,683.017  surveyed  and 


INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.   15 

approved  by  the  Government  for  construction.  Since  the  publication 
of  the  report,  a  syndicate  of  Americans,  Canadians,  and  French  have 
acquired  control  of  three  great  systems  of  railway  to  the  north,  south, 
and  west  of  Brazil,  which  wull  greatly  influence  the  possibilities  of 
communication  with  the  adjacent  countries.  Most  of  the  Brazihan 
lines  are  either  directly  or  indirectly  under  Government  supervision, 
rates  and  salaries  being  subject  to  governmental  approval.  The 
various  navigation  companies  of  the  Republic  are  included  under  the 
head  of  "Industries,*^  and  special  sections  are  devoted  to  port  works 
and  credits  and  accounts. 


FRENCH    INTERESTS    IN    COLOMBIA. 

The  Columbus  Memorial  Library  has  just  received  the  first  number^ 
of  a  monthly  review  appearing  in  December,  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  Colombia.  The  editor  and  director  is  Mr.  Henry  Jalhay,  the 
distinguished  consul  of  Colombia  at  Brussels,  where  the  review  is 
published  in  French  under  the  title  of  ''ia  Colombie,^'  Mr.  Jalhay 
hopes  to  further  the  development  of  the  commercial  relations  of 
Colombia  by  the  publication  of  correct  information  relating  to  the 
resources  of  the  country,  and  to  call  attention  to  the  numerous  indus- 
tries which  need  to  be  established,  and  to  which  the  Colombian  Gov- 
ernment gives  its  sanction  and  material  aid.  The  review  will  only 
appear  once  a  month  at  first,  but  the  editor  hopes  later  to  increase 
its  size  and  to  publish  it  semiweekly. 


WITH    speaker    cannon    THROUGH    THE    TROPICS. 

A  chatty  narrative  of  a  trip  through  the  Tropics  has  been  received 
by  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library  from  the  pen  of  J.  Hampton 
Moore,  Member  of  Congress  from  the  Third  district  of  Pennsylvania, 
who  accompanied  Speaker  Cannon  on  his  memorable  cruise  among 
the  West  Indies  and  through  portions  of  Venezuela  and  Panama. 
While  no  attempt  is  made  by  the  writer  to  present  a  handbook  of 
the  places  visited,  the  comments  on  local  institutions  and  surround- 
ings show  a  keen  realization  of  the  problems  of  colonial  possessions. 


PERU   IN    1906. 


In  '*Peru  in  1906''  a  model  volume  has  been  issued  through  the 
authorization  of  President  Pardo  covering  the  historj^,  geography, 
and  present  economic  status  of  the  Peruvian  Republic.  The  writer, 
Mr.  Alejandro  Garland,  is  a  member  of  the  Lima  Geographical 
Society,  and  brings  to  his  work  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  his 


16         INTEKKATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMEBICAN   EEPUBLICS. 

subject.  The  fourth  se<5tk)n  covers  up-to-date  information  r^arding 
agriculture,  mining,  manufactures,  trade,  means  of  communication, 
currency  systems,  bankings  finance,  and  the  native  press,  all  demon- 
strating the  peaceful  progress  attained  during  the  last  ten  years. 


PARAGUAYAN    SKETCHES. 

A  series  of  interesting  papers  has  been  prepared  by  ex-President 
Cecilio  Baez,  of  Paraguay,  under  the  title  '^  Cuadros  Ilistoricos  y 
Descriptivos  del  Paraguay^'  (Historical  and  Descriptive  Sketches  of 
Paraguay).  Commencing  with  a  description  of  the  aboriginal  race, 
lo8  Guaranies,  their  manners  and  customs,  he  follows  the  line  of  Par- 
aguayan history  with  accounts  of  the  various  epochs  and  the  princi- 
pal actors  therein,  the  whole  forming  a  valuable  addition  to  the 
information  concerning  a  comparatively  little-known  country. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  FLEET  AT  RIO  DE  JANEIRO. 

In  view  of  the  public  interest  ui  the  presence  of  the  battle  ship  fleet 
of  the  United  States  in  Brazilian  waters  and  of  the  importance  of  the 
speeches  rnade  and  messages  exchanged  between  the  BraziUan  and 
United  States  authorities,  the  Bulletin  reproduces  a  portion  of  them 
as  matters  of  record. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  fleet  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  on  January  13  the 
Brazilian  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Mr.  Rio  Braxco,  cabled  the 
announcement  to  the  Ambassador  of  Brazil  in  Washington,  stating: 

"Preparations  for  the  celebration  began  when  the  Monroe  Palace 
where  the  Pan-American  Conference  took  place  was  seen  flying  the 
Brazilian  flag  surrounded  by  four  American  flags.' ' 

Subsequently,  the  following  courtesies  were  exchanged  by  cable 
between  the  Governments  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Washington. 

telegram  of  president  AFFOXSO  PENNA  to  president  ROOSEVELT. 

On  Januar}'  14  President  Affonso  Penxa,  of  Brazil,  sent  the  fol- 
lowing personal  message  to  the  President  of  the  United  States: 

'*Tliis  afternoon  I  had  the  great  pleasure  of  receiving  and  becom- 
ing personally  acquainted  with  the  admirals  and  captains  of  the 
American  fleet  en  route  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

''I  congratulate  you  on  the  safe  arrival  of  so  powerful  and  well- 
drilled  a  fleet  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  I  take  keen  pleasure  in  informing 
you  that  the  people  of  our  capital  spontaneously  and  enthusiastically 
joined  the  Brazilian  naval  authorities,  from  the  ver^"  first  moment, 


THE   UNITED   8TA.TE8   FLEET   AT   RIO   DE    JANEIBO.  17 

in  the  demonstrations  of  fraternity  and  friendship  toward  the  Ameri- 
can sailors  and  the  great  RepubUc  of  the  north,  for  whose  continued 
prosperity  and  glory  all  Brazil  utters  the  most  cordial  wishes. 

"Affonso  Penna.'' 

president  roosevelt  to  presidext  penna  of  brazil. 

In  reply  President  Roosevelt  cabled  as  follows: 

''January  15,  1908. 
''I  thank  you  for  the  kind  message  wliich  you  were  so  good  as  to 
send  me  upon  the  arrival  of  the  American  fleet  at  Rio.  It  has  given 
me  and  will  give  to  the  American  people  the  liveUest  satisfaction. 
We  are  all  very  sensible  of  the  courtesy  and  distinguished  hospitality 
with  which  the  Government  and  people  of  Brazil  have  received  our 
officers  and  sailors.  The  war  ships  of  America  exist  for  no  other 
purpose  than  to  protect  peace  against  possible  aggression  and  justice 
against  possible  oppression.  As  between  the  United  States  and 
Brazil  these  sliips  are  not  men  of  war,  but  are  messengers  of  friend- 
ship and  good  will  commissioned  to  celebrate  with  you  the  long- 
continued  and  never  to  be  broken  amity  and  mutual  helpfulness  of 
the  two  great  Republics/' 

TOAST  OF  PRESIDENT  AFFONSO  PENNA. 

At  the  luncheon  tendered  the  ofHcers  of  the  United  States  fleet  on 
the  part  of  the  Brazilian  Government  on  January  15,  President 
Affonso  Penna  gave  the  following  toast  to  the  oflicers  assembled 
for  the  occasion: 

'^The  warm  and  brotherly  welcome  which  the  people  of  the  capital 
of  the  Republic  have  given  to  the  powerful  American  fleet  now  with 
us  will  have  proved  to  all  how  deep  and  sincere  is  the  sympathy  and 
friendship  that  moves  the  Brazilian  nation  vnth  regard  to  her  great 
and  prosperous  sister  of  North  America. 

''These  are  not  ephemeral  and  occasional  sentiments.  They  date 
from  the  birth  of  our  nationality,  and  are  ever  growing  stronger, 
binding  more  closely  the  ties  of  fricndsliip  and  economic  relations  of 
the  two  coimtries. 

''When  the  South  American  nations  proclaimed  their  independ- 
ence, in  that  first  moment  of  doubt  and  vacillation  as  to  the  future, 
the  encouragement  of  the  young  American  Republic  came  to  us  with 
the  solemn  declaration  of  indestructible  solidarity  among  the  nations 
of  the  New  World,  issued  by  the  voice  of  her  great  President,  Monroe, 
whose  name  shines  in  history  as  that  of  a  statesman  of  great  breadth 
of  view  and  rare  political  foresight. 

'*The  long  and  diflicult  cruise  of  the  pow^erful  fleet  to  which  Brazil 
is  host  to-day,  its  mission  of  going  aroimd  the  American  Continent, 


18         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

constitutes  a  new  and  magnificent  demonstration  of  the  unsurpass- 
able vigor  and  extraordinary  energy  of  the  great  nation,  friend  of 
Brazil. 

'^With  my  ardent  and  sincere  wishes  that  the  navigation  of  the 
friendly  fleet  continue  to  be  an  unbroken  record  of  favorable  circum- 
stances, I  drink  to  the  health  of  the  glorious  American  Navy,  desiring 
the  prosperity  of  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  personal 
welfare  of  her  eminent  chief  and  great  statesman,  Theodore 
Roosevelt.'' 

The  following  notable  messages  were  also  exchanged  between  the 
State  Department  of  the  United  States  and  the  American  Ambassa- 
dor to  Brazil : 

the  american  ambassador  to  brazil,  to  secretary  root. 

''January  15,  1908. 
''Reception  of  the  fleet  by  press  and  people  gratifying.  Pro- 
American  feeling  everywhere  in  evidence.  Oflicial  programme  elab- 
orate. President  of  Brazil  cordially  receives  and  dines  officers. 
American  and  Brazilian  flags  fly  together  over  Monroe  Palace,  in 
which,  on  the  twentieth  Rio  Branco  tenders  fleet  banquet,  six  hun- 
dred covers,  with  Ruy  Barbosa  chief  speaker." 

secretary  root  to  the  american  ambassador  to  brazil. 

"January  15,  1908. 
"Express  to  Baron  Rio  Branco  my  hearty  appreciation  and  that 
of  the  American  Government,  of  the  cordial  hospitality  with  which 
the  President  and  Government  of  Brazil  are  receiving  the  American 
fleet.  It  is  delightful  to  feel  that  the  same  friendship  which  was  so 
generously  extended  to  me  in  1906  remains  undiminished  and  is 
exhibited  to  my  countrymen  in  1908.  The  American  people  will  be 
very  appreciative  of  all  the  kindness  which  is  being  shown  to  their 
sailors.  My  kind  personal  regards  to  Baron  Rio  Branco.  President 
Roosevelt  has  telegraphed  direct  to  President  Penna.'' 


FIRST  PAN-AMERICAN  SCIENTIFIC  CONGRESS. 

The  iirst  Latin-American  Scientific  Congress  was  held  at  Buenos 
Aires,  the  capital  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in  1898.  The  second 
session  of  the  Congress  was  held  at  Montevideo,  the  capital  of  Uru- 
guay, in  1901,  and  the  third  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  the  capital  of  Brazil, 
in  1905. 

It  has  now  been  determined  to  hold  the  fourth  session  at  Santiago 
during  the  first  ten  days  of  December,  1908,  and  invitations  to  this 
affect  have  been  issued  by  the  Chilean  Government. 


FIRST    PAN-AMERICAN    SCIENTIFIC    CONGRESS.  19 

It  has  been  further  determined  to  extend  the  scope  of  the  Con- 
gress SO  as  to  mclude  all  the  American  Republics,  and  to  this  end 
the  Chilean  Government  has  extended  an  official  invitation  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States.  At  the  same  time,  the  name  of 
the  Congress  has  been  changed  from  the  Fourth  Latin-American 
Scientific  Congress  to  the  First  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress, 
in  keeping  with  its  enlarged  representation.  Below  is  given  the 
message  of  President  Roosevelt  transmitting  to  the  United  States 
Congress  the  report  of  Secretary  Root  in  regard  to  the  matter.  The 
President  in  his  message  heartily  approves  the  recommendation  of 
the  Secretary  of  State  for  an  appropriation  sufficient  for  a  suitable 
representation  from  the  United  States. 

MESSAGE  OF  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT. 

**To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives: 

**I  transmit  herewith  for  the  consideration  of  the  respective 
Houses  of  the  Congress  a  report  of  the  Secretary  of  State  representing 
the  appropriateness  of  early  action,  in  order  that  in  response  to 
the  invitation  of  the  Government  of  Chile  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  may  be  enabled  fittingly  to  be  represented  at  the 
First  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress,  to  be  held  at  Santiago, 
Chile,  the  first  ten  days  of  December,  1908. 

^*The  recommendations  of  this  report  have  my  hearty  approval, 
and  I  hope  that  the  Congress  will  see  fit  to  make  timely  provision 
to  enable  the'  Government  to  respond  appropriately  to  the  invita- 
tion of  the  Government  of  Chile  in  the  sending  of  delegates  to  a 
Congress  which  can  not  fail  to  be  of  great  interest  and  importance 
to  the  Governments  and  peoples  of  all  the  American  Republics. 

"Theodore  Roosevelt. 

'*The  White  House,  December  21,  1907 ^ 

'^Department  of  State, 
"  Washington,  December  19,  1907, 
"The  PREsroENT: 

''The  Government  of  Chile  has  invited  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  to  join  in  and  to  be  represented  by  delegates  at  the 
Pan-American  Scientific  Congress,  which  is  to  assemble  under  its 
auspices  at  the  capital  city  of  Santiago  during  the  ten  days  beginning 
December  1,  1908.  The  work  of  the  Congress  will  comprehend  nine 
sections,  devoted,  respectively,  to  pure  and  appUed  mathematics, 
physical  sciences,  natural  sciences,  engineering,  medicine  and  hygiene, 
anthropology,  jurisprudence  and  sociology,  pedagogics,  and  agricul- 
ture and  animal  industry. 

"Latin-American  Scientific  Congresses  were  held  in  1898  at  Bu^ 
Aires,  in  1901  at  Montevideo,  and  in  1905  at  Rio  de  Janeiro.    G 
out  of  these  previous  conferences  the  Congress  of  19( 


20        INTERNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMEBICAN   REPUBLICS. 

first  time  Pan-American.  It  will  study  and  discuss  many  great 
subjects  in  which  all  the  American  Republics  have  in  common  special 
interests;  and  its  aim  is  to  bring  together  the  best  scientific  thought 
of  this  Hemisphere  for  the  scrutiny  of  many  distinctively  American 
problems  and  for  an  interchange  of  experience  and  of  views  which 
should  be  of  great  value  to  all  the  nations  concerned. 

"It  is  therefore  eminently  appropriate  that  the  United  States 
should  be  adequately  represented  at  this  important  First  Pan-Ameri- 
can Scientific  Congress  and  should  embrace  this  opportunity  for 
cooperation  in  scientific  research  with  the  representatives  of  the 
other  American  Republics.  It  is  worthy  of  consideration  that,  in 
addition  to  the  purely  scientific  interests  to  be  subserved  by  such  a 
Congress  and  in  addition  to  the  advantages  arisiog  from  an  inter- 
change of  thought  and  the  intercourse  of  the  scientific  men  of  the 
American  countries  and  the  good  understanding  and  friendly  rela- 
tions which  will  be  promoted,  there  are  many  specific  relations  arising 
from  the  very  close  intercourse  between  the  United  States  and  many 
Latin-American  countries,  incident  to  our  expanding  trade,  our 
extending  investments,  and  the  construction  of  the  Panama  Canal, 
which  make  a  common  understanding  anrf  free  exchange  of  opinion 
upon  scientific  subjects  of  great  practical  importance. 

'*To  make  our  representation  possible  I  have  the  honor  to  recom- 
mend that  the  Congress  be  asked  to  appropriate  the  sum  of  $35,000, 
or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  to  enable  the  United  States 
to  send  a  number  of  delegates  corresponding  to  the  number  of  sections 
into  which  the  Congress  is  to  be  divided,  together  with  a  secretary 
and  disbursing  officer,  and  to  pay  other  necessarj^  expenses. 

''Inasmuch  as  it  is  desired  that  all  communications  or  scientific 
works  to  be  presented  to  the  Congress  be  received  before  September 
30,  it  is  much  to  be  hoped  that  provision  for  the  participation  of  this 
Government  may  be  made  at  an  early  date  and  that  the  appropriation 
be  made  immediately  available. 

'^Respectfully  submitted. 

''Elihu  Root." 


THE  THIRD  IXTERXATIOXAL  SANITARY  CON- 
VENTION. 

The  following  is  the  report  made  to  Mr.  Jonx  Barrett,  Director  of 
the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics,  by  Mr.  Fran- 
cisco J.  Yanes,  Secretary  of  the  Bureau,  who  attended,  as  the 
Bureau's  special  representative,  the  Third  International  Sanitarj^ 
Convention,  which  met  in  the  City  of  Mexico  in  December,  1907. 


XHK  THIRD   INTERKATIONAL   SANIXABY    OONVEKTIOKc  21 

''  Washington,  D.  C,  December  SI,  1907. 

"Sib:  I  beg  to  submit  herewith  a  report  relatire  to  the  Third  Inter- 
national Sanitary  Convention,  held  in  the  City  of  Mexieo  from  Decem- 
ber 2  to  7^  1907,  which  I  attended  in  the  capacity  of  special  repre- 
sentative of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics, 
pursuant  to  your  instructions  of  November  27,  1907. 

''The  call  to  the  Third  Interuational  Sanitary  Convention  and 
jK'ovisional  prc^amme  were  transmitted  by  the  International  Binreau 
of  the  American  Republics  to  the  several  Governments  of  the  Union 
through  the  members  of  the  Governing  Board  on  July  11,  1907,  and 
in  accordance  with  said  call  and  programme  the  Third  International 
Sanitary  Convention  was  called  to  order  at  10  a.  m.  on  Tuesday, 
December  2,  ui  the  Grand  Salon  of  the  Department  of  Finance, 
National  Palace.  At  thk  opening  session  addresses  of  we}c<»ne  were 
made  by  Gen.  Ramon  Cc«ral,  Vice-President  of  the  RepuUie  and 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  by  Dr.  Eduakdd  Lj^eaga,  Resident 
of  the  ConTeiition,  as  well  as  chairman  of  the  Mexican  Delegation. 
All  del^ations  present  made  short  and  apjnropriate  replies. 

''At  the  openii^  session  the  following  ddegates  were  pr^ent: 

''Brazil:  Dr.  Oswaldo  de  Gon^alvez  Cruz. 

"Ocdombia:  Dr.  Ricabdo  Gutierkes  Lee,  Dr.  Genaro  Patan. 

"Costa  Rica:  Dr.  Juan  Jose  Ulloa. 

"Cuba:  Dr.  Huqo  Roberts,  Dr.  Juan  Gutferas. 

"Chile:  Dr.  Ernesto  Soza,  Dr.  Pedro  Lautaro  Ferrer. 

"Ecuador:  Dr.  Juan  Horacio  Esteves. 

"Guatemala:  Dr.  Salvador  Ortega,  Dr.  Jose  Azurdia. 

"Honduras:  Dr.  Luis  Lazo  Arriaqa. 

"Mexico:  Dr.  E.  Ligeaoa,  Lie.  Jose  Aijgara,  Ing.  H.  Elguero. 

"  Nicaragua:  Dr.  Gregorio  Mendizabal. 

"Salvador:  Dr.  Rodolfo  B.  Gonzales. 

"United  States:  Dr.  Walter  Wyman,  Dr.  R.  H.  von  Ezdorf,  Dr. 
P.  T.  Straub,  Dr.  James  Gatewoch),  Dr.  Charles  Harrington, 
Dr.  W.  G.  OwKN,  Dr.  Rhett  Goode,  Dr.  H.  L.  E.  Johnson. 

"  Dr.  E.  Fernandez  Espiro,  of  Uruguay,  due  to  delays  during  his 
trip,  arrived  toward  the  end  of  the  Convention. 

"The  following  vice-presidents  were  appointed  from  the  several 
delegations:  Dr.  Walter  Wyman,  United  States;  Dr.  Oswaldo  de 
GoN<7ALVEZ  Cruz,  Brazil;  Dr.  Juan  Jose  Ulloa,  Costa  Rica;  Dr. 
Juan  Gutteras,  Cuba;  Dr.  Ernesto  Soza,  Chile;  Dr.  Salvador 
Ortega,  Guatemala;  Dr.  L.  Lazo  Arriaqa,  Honduras;  and  Dr. 
Gregork>  Mendizabal,  Nicaragua. 

**The  following  committees  were  appointed:  Committee  on  Cre- 
dentiab,  Advisory  Committee,  Committee  on  Yellow  Fever,  Com- 
mittee on  Bulxmie  Plague,  Committee  on  Trachoma,  Beriberi,  and 
Cerebro-^inal  Momngitb,  and  Committee  on  Tuberciilosis. 


22         INTERNATION.\L   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

^^  Owing  to  unavoidable  delay  caused  by  several  freight  wrecks,  I 
did  not  arrive  in  Mexico  City  until  the  morning  of  December  3,  so 
that  I  was  not  present  at  the  opening  session. 

^'Upon  presentation  of  my  credentials  to  Dr.  Eduardo  Liceaga, 
President  of  the  Convention,  and  at  the  motion  of  Surg.  Gen. 
Walter  Wyman,  which  was  unanimously  approved,  the  special  rep- 
resentative of  the  Bureau  was  granted  the  privilege  of  the  floor.  In 
thanking  the  Convention  for  their  courteous  welcome,  I  took  occasion 
to  state  the  great  interest  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American 
Republics  took  in  their  humane  and  altruistic  work,  and  that  as  the 
special  representative  of  this  Institution  I  was  the  bearer  of  cordial 
greetings,  not  only  of  the  Governing  Board,  but  also  of  the  Director 
of  the  Bureau,  who  had  personally  intrusted  me  with  the  pleasant 
duty  of  tendering  the  Convention  the  assurance  of  his  good  wishes. 
The  Director,  I  further  said,  would  have  come  to  personally  greet  the 
Convention  but  for  the  fact  that  at  that  very  moment  another  event 
of  world-wide  importance  was  taking  place  under  our  roof — the  Cen- 
tral American  Peace  Conference — ^making  it  impossible  for  the  Direc- 
tor to  leave.  I  pointed  out  the  fact  that  this  was  a  day  of  great  sat- 
isfaction to  the  Bureau,  as  all  of  Latin  America  seemed  to  be  engaged 
in  great  and  noble  work;  on  the  one  hand,  the  Central  American 
Republics  were  adjusting  their  differences  in  Washmgton  and  build- 
ing up  the  foundation  of  their  future  welfare,  while  on  the  other,  the 
large  majority  of  the  Latin-American  countries  met  in  the  hospitable 
City  of  Mexico  to  work  for  the  common  cause  of  humanity. 

'^The  programme  prepared  by  the  Mexican  Delegation  contained, 
besides  the  business  of  the  Convention,  a  reception  by  His  Excellency 
General  Diaz,  President  of  the  Republic;  visits  to  the  new  post-office 
building,  the  penitentiar}^,  castle  of  Chapultepcc,  board  of  health, 
disinfection  plant,  city  waterworks  and  Xochimilco,  new  suburbs 
called  'Colonias,'  general  hospital,  and  sewer-flushing  pumping  sta- 
tion; concert,  dinners,  and  other  hospitalities. 

''On  the  day  of  the  last  meeting,  December  7,  1907,  the  Advisory 
Committee,  to  which  all  motions  requiring  important  action  were 
submitted,  reported  for  adoption  by  the  Convention  the  following 
recommendations : 

"Adherence  on  the  part  of  Brazil,  Colombia,  and  Uruguay  to  the 
Sanitary  Convention  of  Washington. 

''Codification  of  all  the  sanitary  laws  and  regulations  of  all  the 
Governments  represented  at  the  Convention,  to  be  transmitted  to 
the  International  Sanitary  Bureau  at  Washington  upon  completion 
of  work. 

"To  authorize  the  International  Sanitary  Bureau  of  Washington 
to  establish  relations  with  the  'Bureau  International  Sanitaire^  of 
Paris,  as  recommended  by  the  Third  International  American  Con- 

ence  of  Rio  de  Janeiro. 


THE    THIRD    INTERNATIONAL    SANITARY    CONVENTION.  2S 

''To  direct  the  Secretary  of  the  Convention  to  include  in  the  pub- 
lication of  the  proceedings  of  the  Third  International  Sanitary  Con- 
vention a  summary  of  all  resolutions  adopted  by  the  First  and  Second 
Conventions,  held  in  Washington. 

''To  request  all  the  governments  of  America  to  make  compulsory^ 
vaccination  against  smallpox. 

"To  urge  upon  the  Governments  represented  at  the  Convention 
the  convenience  of  declaring  free  from  all  duties  and  taxes,  quinine,, 
fine  wire  mosquito  netting,  mosquito  bars,  and  other  material  to  be 
used  as  a  protection  against  mosquitoes,  and  crude  petroleum. 

"  To  recommend  the  several  Governments  to  establish  dispensaries 
at  certain  given  points  for  the  free  distribution  to  the  poor  of  quinine* 
under  certain  conditions. 

'*To  recommend  an  active  propaganda  in  schools,  factories,  bar- 
racks, and  other  pubHc  places  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  the  people 
the  etiology,  prophylaxis  and  treatment  of  malaria. 

"To  recommend  the  publication  of  pamphlets  for  free  distribution 
containing  briefly  described,  and  in  a  simple  and  practical  form,, 
facts  concerning  malarial  fevers. 

"To  recommend  that  the  maritime  authorities  include  in  their 
public  health  reports  mortality  due  to  malarial  fevers. 

"To  recommend  the  several  Governments  to  prohibit  immigration 
of  persons  suffering  from  trachoma  or  beriberi. 

"To  recommend  the  adoption  of  series  of  suggestions  for  the  pre- 
vention of  tuberculosis  in  steamships  and  railway  cars. 

"To  recommend  the  nationalization  and  centralization  of  sanitary 
authorities. 

"Other  resolutions,  directly  concerning  the  relations  of  the  Inter- 
national Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  with  the  Sanitary  Con- 
vention, were:  One  by  Doctor  Liceaga,  to  the  effect  that  besides  the 
calls  for  the  Sanitary  Conventions  being  issued  by  the  International 
Bureau  of  the  American  Republics,  the  country  where  the  meeting 
is  to  take  place  also  send  invitations.  Surgeon-General  Wyman,. 
United  States,  offered  a  resolution  requesting  that  desk  room  should 
be  provided  by  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics 
for  a  special  clerk  to  attend  to  the  matters  relating  to  the  Sanitary 
Conventions. 

"Doctor  Ulloa,  of  Costa  Rica,  also  made  a  motion  requesting  all 
delegates  present  to  send  one  or  two  copies  of  all  their  reports  or  any 
other  work  to  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library  of  the  International 
Bureau  of  the  American  Republics. 

"In  establishing  the  Sanitary  Information  Bureau  at  Montevideo,. 
it  was. decided  that  in  order  to  facilitate  work  Brazil,  the  Argentine 
Republic,  Paraguay,  Chile,  and  Peru  should  communicate  directly 
24181— BuU.  1—08 3 


24  :.V7fcf:NATJOyAL   BtRKAU    f'F    THE   AilEBlCAX    EEPTBLICS. 

witi:  M/;j>t>rvi#j#;o,  hii'l  the  rest  of  the  Latin-American  countries  with 
thft  S^fjitiiry  IJureaii  of  Washington. 

Aiihoj^'h  Jirazil.  Oiile,  and  Uruguay  had  already  shown  their 
n:ii'lirt"/'',  io  v^>;lcoriie  at  th#,'ir  respective  capitals  the  Fourth  Interna- 
liouhl  Sanitary  Convention,  when  the  time  for  determining  the  next 
pia/-*;  of  uii'j'XiU^r  came,  Doctor  Ckuz.  of  Brazil,  moved  that  San  Jos£ 
<U',  (j}-t.ti  liica  ha  M;le*;ted,  this  being  done  by  acclamation.  Decem- 
\>4^rf  J  000,  was  then  determined  upon  as  the  most  convenient  date  to 
iut'4:i,  and  I>r.  Jl'a.v  J.  L'lloa,  of  Costa  Rica,  was  unanimously  elected 
i'rc-i'lent  of  the  next  Convention. 

'At  the  motion  of  Dr.  Fernandez  Espibo,  of  Uruguay,  the  Inter- 
n;ttional  Sanitary  Bureau  officials  were  unanimously  reelected  for  the 

•  After  .-hort  fareweil  sjKteches  by  all  the  delegates  and  the  President, 
Doct<;r  l.ir'KAOA,  the  Convention  adjourned  until  1909. 

"I'he  !'t*])i}V\.-.  and  transactions  of  the  Convention  are  under  final 
preparation  by  Dr.  Jian  J.  L'lloa,  of  Costa  Rica,  Secretary  of  the 
Convention,  who  will  s^>on  transmit  them  to  the  International  Bureau 
of  the  American  Kepuhlics  f(ir  publication  and  distribution. 

**]iefore  closing  this  brief  report  on  the  work  accomplished  by  the 
Third  InU*rnati(mal  Sanitary  Convention,  I  desire  to  call  special 
attention  to  the  enormous  progress  made  in  Mexico  in  establishing 
improved  sanitary  conditioas  in  their  principal  cities  and  ports.  The 
Kedcral  (iovernmeni  has  appropriated  the  following  sums  to  be 
«p|ilicd  to  the  sanitation  (»f  the  countrj-'s  capital  and  principal  ports: 

Mexican. 

Mi'xi.o  <  iiy $28,  517, 900. 17 

J'l.r!  of  Mari/aiiill.» 7,  882,  760.  00 

J'ui  1  nf  Vira<riiz 3, 864, 493.  94 

Porl  of  Tarnpici) 2,  999, 779.  73 

I'.rrl  ni  Saliria  (  niz 1, 190, 313.  30 

Piii-rlo  Mi'Xir-i»  Moat/.aioalrns) 1,276, 114.  50 

Toiul 45,831.361.64 

"Out  of  this  iippn»priation  there  is  still  available  the  amount  of 
$S()  I. 'M  :{.<)<». 

"  It  may  Im»  sai<I  that  the  work  of  sanitation  in  the  city  of  Mexico 
has  involved  the  following  <»xpenses: 

Mexican. 

hniiiiiiK''  W'»rkM  «il  I  hi-  valh  y  nf  Mfxim $15,  9(>7,  77S.  17 

Sunilal  inn  work  ..f  t  Ih'  «il  y 8.  210, 138.  25 

Walrrw..rkH 4,  339.  9S3.  75 

T..|jil   2S.  r>l  I.  900.  17 

"Another  point  also  destTvint;  special  mention  is  the  hiterest  shown 
by  all.  from  the  hi«rhest  Mexican  authorities  to  private  individuals, 
in  the  work  of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Kepublics. 


SIGNIFICANT   LETTER   OF    PRESIDENT    ROOSEVELT.  25 

There  seems  to  be  a  general  feeling  among  all  that  the  Bureau  has 
at  last  entered  into  a  real  era  of  reorganization  since  the  Third  Pan- 
American  Conference  met  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  enlarged  the  Bureau's 
scope,  both  conmiercially  and  from  a  moral  and  influential  stand- 
point, and  finally  since  the  Bureau  is  soon  to  have  its  own  home.  The 
Bulletin,  I  foimd,  was  read  and  appreciated,  and  its  improved  con- 
dition favorably  commented  upon. 
*^  Respectfully  submitted. 

''Francisco  J.  Yaxes. 
'*  Hon.  John  Barrett, 

^^  Directory  International  Bureau  of  the 

American  Republics j  Washington,  D.  CV 


SIGNIFICANT  LETTER  OF  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT. 

Prof.  L.  S.  RowE,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  who  was  one 
of  the  delegates  from  the  United  States  to  the  Third  International 
American  Conference  meeting  in  Rio  Janeii-o  in  July,  1 906,  after  the 
termination  of  the  Conference,  made  an  extended  tour  of  South  Amer- 
ica which  lasted  for  a  year  and  a  half. 

Since  returning  from  South  America,  Professor  Rowe  has  conferred 
with  the  President  of  the  United  States  on  the  objects  and  results  of 
his  tour,  and  in  particular  concerning  the  plans  which  he  has  formu- 
lated for  the  cultivation  of  closer  intellectual  relations  between  the 
United  States  and  the  sister  Repubhcs  of  the  south.  The  Bulletin 
is  enabled  to  publish  the  following  letter  of  approval  from  President 
Roosevelt  to  Professor  Rowe: 

**  My  Dear  Doctor  Rowe:  I  have  been  deeply  interested  in  going 
over  with  you  the  results  of  your  trip  through  South  America  and  the 
various  plans  which  you  have  in  mind  for  fostering  closer  intellectual 
relations  between  the  northern  and  the  southern  sections  of  the  Con- 
tinent. I  deem  it  most  important  that  in  addition  to  the  friendly 
relations  existing  between  the  Governments  of  the  American  Repub- 
lics, close  personal  ties  should  be  formed  between  the  leaders  of  thought 
in  these  Republics.  Such  personal  relations  strongly  tend  to  destroy 
the  foolish  prejudices  and  misconceptions  that  arise  out  of  lack  of 
knowledge  of  one  another.  In  this  Western  Hemisphere,  each  of  our 
Republics  can  both  leam  and  teach  when  brought  into  touch  with  her 
sister  Republics. 

**I  know  of  no  agencies  better  adapted  to  the  accomplishment  of  this 
great  purpose  than  the  universities  of  the  American  Continent.  There 
are  many  economic,  social,  and  industrial  problems — not  to  speak  of 
others  more  purely  scientific — that  are  distinctively  American  in  char- 
acter and  continental  in  scope.     Through  the  cooperation  of  the  stu- 


26         INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AIMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

dents  and  investigators  of  our  different  nations  the  accumulated  ex- 
perience of  this  hemisphere  can  be  brought  to  bear  on  these  problems, 
and  their  successful  solution  thereby  rendered  more  probable.  The 
community  of  thought  and  action  thus  aroused  will  also  serve  a  larger 
patriotic  service  in  binding  together  more  and  more  closely  all  the 
peoples  of  this  Western  Hemisphere. 

^^  I  heartily  wish  all  success  to  this  movement. 
^ '  Sincerely,  yours, 

*^  Theodore  Roosevelt.'' 


THE   INTERNATIONAL   CONGRESS  ON    TUBERCU- 
LOSIS 

The  International  Congress  on  Tuberculosis  will  be  held  in  Wash- 
ington between  September  21  and  October  12,  1908. 
•  Active  preparations  for  the  Congress  are  being  made  throughout 
the  United  States  and  in  a  large  number  of  foreign  countries.  At  this 
time  national  committees  have  been  organized  for  France,  Germany, 
Sweden,  Austria,  Holland,  Greece,  Bulgaria,  Cuba,  Venezuela,  Brazil, 
and  Costa  Rica.  The  French  conunittee,  under  the  presidency  of 
Dr.  Louis  Landouzy,  of  the  medical  faculty  of  the  University  of 
Paris,  consists  of  over  three  hundred  prominent  French  physicians. 

Dr.  A.  Herrera  Vegas,  the  chairman  of  the  Venezuelan  com- 
mittee, is  president  of  the  Venezuelan  Antituberculosis  League,  and 
a  member  of  the  National  Academy  of  Medicine  at  Caracas;  Dr.  P. 
AcosTA  Ortiz,  the  vice-president,  is  a  director  of  the  hospital  at 
Vargas,  and  Dr.  L.  Razetti,  another  member  of  the  committee,  is 
vice-rector  of  the  University  of  Venezuela,  and  permanent  secretary 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Medicine. 

All  of  the  members  of  Brazihan  committee  arc  actively  identified 
with  the  antituberculosis  movement  in  that  country.  The  com- 
mittee includes  Dr.  J.  J.  Azevedo  IjIMA,  of  Rio  Janeiro,  president 
of  the  Brazilian  Antituberculosis  League;  Dr.  Oswaldo  Cruz, 
director-general  of  the  Department  of  Public  Health;  Dr.  J.  J. 
Seabra,  and  Dr.  Cypriano  de  Freitas,  of  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

The  president  of  the  Cuban  committee  is  Doctor  Guiteras,  for- 
merly professor  of  pathology  in  the  l^niversity  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
now  at  the  University  of  Havana.  Dr.  J.  L.  Jacobsen,  the  vice- 
president,  is  president  of  the  Cuban  Antituberculosis  Jjcague.  The 
secretary  is  Dr.  M.  G.  Lebredo,  of  Habana.  Two  well-known  mem- 
bers of  tliis  committee  are  Dr.  ^Vristides  Agramonte,  the  last  sur- 
viving member  of  the  famous  yellow  fever  conunission  of  the  Unit<»d 
States  Army,  and  Dr.  Carlos  J.  Fixlay,  who  was  recently  awarded 


PRESENT  CONDITION  OF  RUBBER  CULTURE.         27 

the  Mary  McKmsley  medal  by  the  Liverpool  Association  for  the 
Study  of  Tropical  Diseases. 

The  Costa  Rican  committee  has  named  Dr.  Luis  P.  Jimenez  chair- 
man, and  Dr.  Teodoro  Picado,  of  San  Jose,  secretary.     Other  mem 
hers  are  Dr.  Teodoro  Prestinary,  Dr.  Benjamin  Hernandez  and 
Dr.  iL^Rcos  ZuNiGA,  all  of  San  Jose. 


THE  PRESENT  CONDITION  OF  RUBBER  CULTURE. 

The  valuable  paper  read  by  Dr.  Pehr  Olsson-Seffer,  before  the 
first  meeting  of  the  Mexican  Rubber  Planters'  Association  on  Octo- 
ber 9,  1907,  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  reviews  in  brief  the  development 
and  present  condition  of  the  rubber-planting  industry,  with  special 
reference  to  the  commercial  production  of  the  plant  in  Mexico. 

The  greater  part  of  the  article  in  reference  is  reproduced  as  having 
a  general  industrial  importance. 

DOCTOR    OLSSON-SEFFER's    REPORT. 

'•  Universal  interest  is  now  manifested  in  regard  to  this  industry. 
The  rapidly  increasing  demand  for  rubber,  a  commodity  so  closely 
connected  with  electricity  and  many  other  modern  inventions,  has 
called  forth  the  question,  whether  the  world's  market  can  be  supplied 
from  the  natural  sources  of  wild  rubber  which  have  hitherto  been 
sufficient,  or  whether  cultivation  has  to  be  resorted  to. 

'•  The  consensus  of  opinion  is  that  although  there  has  been  a  steady 
growth  of  the  output  of  raw  rubber,  and  although  the  rate  of  pro- 
duction so  far  has  shown  no  decline,  we  are  rapidly  approaching  the 
narrowing  limits  of  the  natural  rubber  supply. 

KUBBEK  IN  BKAZIL. 

"  It  is  generally  known  that  in  Brazil,  whence  the  largest  amount 
of  rubber  has  been  obtained,  the  rubber  collectors  have  to  go  farther 
and  farther  into  the  interior  every  year  for  their  supply.  With  the 
prevailing  reckless  method  of  gathering,  the  rubber  trees  are  gradu- 
ally being  exterminated.  Naturally  the  cost  of  collecting  is  thus 
increasing,  and  it  is  to  be  observed  that  the  extraordinary  high  prices 
have  not  greatly  stimulated  the  production.  This  applies  not  only 
to  the  Amazon  Valley,  but  more  or  less  to  all  countries  producing  wild 
rubber.  Very  little  has  been  done  and  very  little  can  be  done  to  stop 
this  destruction  of  the  natural  rubber  forests.  The  natives  can  not 
be  taught  to  consider  the  necessity  of  saving  the  trees  for  a  coming, 
year.  Their  sole  object  is  to  obtain  as  large  an  amount  of  rubber  as 
possible  for  the  time  being. 


28        INTERNATIONAL   BUKEAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

""  111  some  rubber-producing  countries  steps  have  been  taken  to- 
ward replanting  the  natural  rubber  forest.  Most  notable  is  the  de- 
cree passed  by  the  Government  of  the  Kongo  Free  State  on  January 
5,  1899,  in  which  it  is  regulated  that — 

'" '  In  all  the  forests  of  the  territory  rubber  trees  shall  be  planted 
every  year  to  a  number  of  not  less  tlian  150  for  every  ton  of  rubber 
gathered  during  the  same  period.  The  agents  of  the  State  in  those 
forests  where  the  State  has  not  given  up  the  exploitation  of  rubber, 
and  the  private  owners  and  concessionaires  of  all  the  forests  where 
the  State  has  given  it  up,  whether  by  deci-ees  of  October  30,  1892,  or 
by  tlie  granting  of  si>ecial  concessions,  are  expected  to  form  and  keep 
up  these  plantations,  conforming  to  the  conditions  specified  in  the 
present  decree.' 

"•  Thi'ee  years  later  the  Kongo  Government  issued  a  new  decree  in- 
ci*easiiig  the  nimiber  of  plants  to  be  replanted  per  ton  of  rubber  cd- 
lected.  The  production  on  the  Amazon  and  the  Kongo  has  so  far  not 
given  any  ^ign  of  decline,  but  it  is  certain  that  the  natural  supply  has 
not  inci*eased.  We  have,  on  the  other  hand,  instances  whei'e  a  rapid 
decline  in  the  output  is  taking  plaiT. 

'"  In  Colombia  the  export  of  rubber  has  been  diminWiing  for  the 
last  thirtv  veal's,  and  from  La<ros  a  marked  decrease  is  noticeable  for 
the  last  decade. 

*' We  are  thus  confi-onted  with  the  following  situation:  while  the 
consumption  of  rubber  is  increa>ing  at  an  accelerating  rate,  the  natu- 
ral supply,  though  onormou>,  is  not  augmenting,  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  now  rubl)er-proilucing  plants  are  discovei^ed  and  new  fields  are 
being  exploited. 

"  It  >eems  safe  to  ci^nclude  that  the  re«"|uin»ments  of  modern  life 
will  not  iH?rmit  the  demand  for  niblier  to  Ixvome  diminished.  The 
ix)int  i>  whether  the  supply  will  lx»  altogether  unequal  to  this  demand. 
Varying  opinion>  are  expre>s<Hl  in  thi>  ivg:ud.  Some  maintain  that 
the  natunil  propag:ition  of  the  rul»lKM*  tree  is  sufficient  to  keep  the 
supply  up  to  it-  natunil  limits.  There  is,  however,  no  evidence  at 
hand  to  show  that  such  a  >tatement  was  btised  on  true  facts  or  on  a 
right  understanding  of  the  >iluation.  Others  hold  that  the  natural 
K^unv-  of  wild  rublier  are  rapidly  Wing  exhausted.  Such  an  asser- 
tion ii.  more  h>gical,  but  even  here  we  lack  >ufficient  knowledge  to  be 
able  to  fonn  a  i>ositively  correct  opinion.  It  may  Iv  -afer  to  say  that 
the  Ihnit  of  pnnluction  will  xxin  In?  reacheil,  if  we  are  not  so  far 
already,  ami  if  the  demand  i-  growing  in  the  >ame  proi^rtion  as 
hitherto,  theri»  must  come  a  >hortage  in  the  supply. 

'•  Tho  priiv>  have  Uvn  steadily  advancing  for  the  last  ten  years  and 
long%»r.  It  i>  jx>?s.-iblo  that  ><ime  of  the  rir^^  in  value  i>  due  to  the  gen- 
eral pn^i^riiy.  whirh  ha>  cau>ed  an  incn*asi*  in  the  value  of  almost 


PBE8ENT   CONDITION   OF   BUBBEB   OULTUBE.  29 

all  raw  material.  But  it  is  not  likely  that  even  a  financial  or  indus- 
trial panic  would  very  materially  influence  the  rubber  market. 

"  Ever  since  Charles  Goodyear's  discovery  rendered  rubber  of 
practical  use  to  mankind  the  tropical  forests  have  been  scoured  by 
the  natives  and  white  men  searching  for  rubber-producing  trees.  In 
Central  America  the  indigenous  rubber  tree,  "  Castilla  elastica,"  Cer- 
vantes, and  related  species  have  been  the  object  of  diligent  search 
and  subsequent  destructive  treatment.  The  destruction  of  the  wild 
trees  is  usually  given  as  the  strongest  argument  in  favor  of  rubber 
culture.     I  doubt  if  this  is  the  raison  d?etre  of  rubber  culture. 

^'  Very  few  business  men  go  into  business  from  fear.  Nor  is  rub- 
ber planting  a  matter  of  philanthropy.  We  do  not  plant  rubber 
because  we  know  that  the  supply  from  previous  sources  will  one  day 
become  exhausted  and  humanity  needs  rubber  for  industrial  purposes. 
We  plant  rubber  because  we  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  it  is  a 
profitable  industry.  We  plant  rubber  simply  for  the  sake  of  profit 
and  not  for  any  other  reasons.  Is,  then,  rubber  culture,  after  all,  a 
profitable  industry?  There  are  many  who  say  no,  but  those  who  have 
investigated  the  matter  and  most  of  those  who  have  invested  in  rub- 
ber that  has  been  taken  care  of  properly  know  of  a  certainty  that  it 
is  not  only  profitable,  but  vei-y  profitable.  It  has  been  claimed  that 
it  is  impossible  to  cultivate  the  rubber  tree.  There  is  no  necessity  to 
refute  such  a  statement.  How  it  has  been  able  to  gain  credence  is 
difficult  to  understand.  It  shows  a  complete  ignorance  in  regard  to 
agriculture.  In  the  history  of  human  progress  there  is  not  a  single 
instance  where  domestication  of  a  plant  has  not  been  possible.  Tliere 
is,  of  course,  a  great  difference  in  different  plants,  but  by  employing 
proper  methods  we  have  been  able  to  overcome  the  greatest  difficulties. 
As  n^rds  the  rubber  tree,  there  are  hardly  any  plants  that  are  better 
adapted  for  cultivation. 

**  The  many  conflicting  statements  as  to  the  commercial  feasibility 
of  rubber  planting  have  been  cleared  up  now  and  again  by  disinter- 
ested parties,  who  have  devoted  much  time  to  the  study  of  this  ques- 
tion in  all  its  details.  There  are  still  those  who  are  doubtful,  either 
on  account  of  personal  failure  in  the  undertaking  or  because  they 
have  entertained  preconceived  notions  upon  the  question  and  are 
not  willing  to  admit  that  their  conclusions  are  wrong.  Observations 
extended  over  a  somewhat  wide  field  covering  most  countries  where 
rubber  is  planted  have  given  me  conclusive  evidence  that  rubber 
when  properly  cultivated  is  not  only  a  possibility  but  a  decided  com- 
mercial success.  Anyone  who  devotes  intelligent  attention  to  this 
question  can  not  fail  to  find  that  when  he  acquires  more  concrete 
knowledge  about  the  matter  there  are  actual  results  at  hand  which 
are  indisputable  and  which  show  beyond  a  shadow  of  doubt  that  the 
nibb^-planting  industry  is  a  profitable  venture. 


30 


INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


"  The  thousands  of  trees  now  planted  and  the  hundreds  of  planta- 
tions producing  rubber  on  a  commercial  scale  demonstrate  that  rub- 
ber culture  is  an  industry  which  has  come  to  stay.  Fears  are  ex- 
pressed that  we  will  have  an  overproduction  of  rubber  if  the  plant- 
ing industry  increases  at  the  rate  it  has  done  for  the  last  few  years. 
This  leads  us  into  the  question  of  the  present  and  future  supply  and 
demand  of  rubber.  The  annual  output  of  rubber  has  been  rapidly  in- 
creasing and  for  the  last  seven  years  the  production  and  consumption 
are  represented  by  the  following  figures : 

[In   metric  tons.] 


Year. 

Produc- 
tion. 

53.318 
52, 8W 
53,877 
55,603 

Consump- 
tion.    • 

1                     Year. 

Produc- 
tion. 

Consump- 
tion. 

1900 

48,852 
51,186 
51,110 
52,276 

'  1904 

61,759 
68,879 
77,999 

59,666 
65,083 
62.754 

1901 

1905 

1902 

1906 : 

1903 

''  The  visible  supply  on  hand  on  June  30,  1905,  of  8,869  metric  tons, 
was  reduced  to  5,352  metric  tons  by  June  30,  190G,  though  the  pro- 
duction of  the  latter  year  was  14,651  tons  greater  than  that  of  the 
former  year. 

"  Comparing  the  first  and  last  two  years  of  this  table  shows  an 
increase  of  28.33  per  cent  in  both  production  and  consumption. 
Last  year's  output  is  valued  at  about  300,000,000  Mexican  dollars 
($150,000,000),  and  of  this  amount  tropical  America  yielded  about 
63  per  cent;  tropical  Africa,  34  per  cent;  and  Asia,  3  per  cent,  of 
which  Ceylon  plantation  rubber  furnished  150  tons. 

"In  1896,  the  United  States  imported  from  Mexico  16,893  bales 
of  rubber,  of  which  about  5,000  represented  '  Cactilla.'  During 
the  first  seven  months  of  the  fiscal  year  1006-7,  the  value  of  rubber 
(including  guayule)  exported  amounted  to  $2,761,873  (United  States 
currency),  whereas  in  1896  the  total  value  of  rubber  exported  was 
$1,671,000. 

RUBBER    IN     MEXICO. 

*' Although  Mexico  as  a  rubber-producing  country  does  not  yet 
rank  very  high,  it  was  the  country  where  rubber  was  originally  found 
by  the  Europeans.  The  oldest  data  concerning  rubber  come  from 
Mexico.  The  earliest  historical  reference  to  rubber  was  made  in 
1525,  when  an  Italian  writer,  speaking  of  the  customs  of  the  Mexican 
Indians,  mentions  the  rubber  balls  used  by  them  in  certain  games. 

"  While  rubber  was  thus  first  discovered  in  ilexico,  the  first  rubber 
planting  in  the  world  was  also  made  in  Mexico,  not  in  Ceylon,  as 
is  often  claimed.  The  person  who  first  took  up  the  cjuestion  of  plant- 
ing rubber  for  commercial   purposes  was  the   Mexican   statesman 


PRESENT    CONDITION    OF    RUBBER   CULTURE. 


81 


Senor  Don  Matias  Romero,  a  close  friend  and  relative  of  our  present 
President.  When  he  wrote  his  paper  on  rubber  culture  in  the  year 
1872,  there  were  already  several  rubber  plantations  in  existence  in 
this  Republic.  From  inquiries  in  the  region  where  the  Romero 
plantation  was  started  I  have  found  that  rubber  was  planted  as 
early  as  1867  in  Mexico  by  Don  Jose  Maria  Chacon,  at  Zanjon 
Seco,  in  the  district  of  Soconusco,  in  Chiapas.  During  the  next 
year  plantations  were  started  in  Guatemala,  and  later  on  in  Nica- 
ragua and  Honduras.  These  plantations  were  small,  but  even  as 
regards  size  they  were  much  larger  than  the  first  plantations  begun 
in  Ceylon  or  India. 

"  Less  than  ten  years  ago  American  capital  was  attracted  toward 
nibber  planting  in  Mexico.  As  a  result  of  this  movement,  we  have 
to-day  approximately  95,000  acres  on  118  rubber  plantations  entirely 
or  partly  devoted  to  rubber,  representing  an  investment  of  $60,- 
000,000  (Mexican). 

"'  From  data  at  hand  I  would  consider  the  world's  area  of  rubber 
plantations  to  be  355,500  acres,  distributed  as  follows: 


Acres. 

Mexico 95,  000 

Malay    Peninsula J)2,000 

Ceylon 85,000 

Africa    30,000 

Central  America 14,000 

Java    10,000 

India   8,200 

Brazil    (5,000 


Acres. 

A'enezuela 3,  400 

Ecuador    3,000 

New    Guinea 2,500 

Borneo    2,000 

Colombia 1,800 

West  Indies 1,600 

Other  countries 1,000 


RUBBER   IN   CEYLON. 

*'As  seen  from  these  figures,  Mexico  has  still  the  lead  in  regard  to 
area  under  rubber.  The  statements  published  regarding  the  total 
area  of  Ceylon  are  highly  misleading  on  account  of  the  fact  that 
rubber  is  being  interplanted  between  tea  and  cacao.  Thus  on  many 
estates  there  are  not  more  than  75  rubber  trees  to  the  acre,  but  in 
the  estimate  each  acre  is  stated  to  be  under  rubber.  In  the  statistics 
the  same  area  thus  often  appears  both  under  tea  and  rubber  or  under 
cacao  and  rubber.  One  of  the  latest  statements  was  made  by  Mr. 
Wright,  until  recently  an  assistant  at  the  Botanic  Gardens  of  Ceylon, 
who  estimates  the  present  area  under  rubber  in  that  island  at 
130,000  acres.  Messrs.  Ferguson,  of  Ceylon,  recently  stated  (in 
August  of  this  year)  that  the  planted  acreage  of  rubber  in  Ceylon 
is  150,000  acres,  of  which  they  claim  that  118,000  consist  of  rubber 
alone,  and  that  52,400  acres  of  tea  and  cacao  are  interplanted  with 
rubber.  Data  collected  by  myself  in  Ceylon  in  the  beginning  of 
the  present  year  show  that  taking  250  trees  to  the  acre  the  area 


32        l>'TEE2sATI0NAL   BUfiEAU    OF   THE   AMEKICAJS"    REPUBLICS. 

planted  does  not  exceed  85,000.  Another  favorite  .method  in  the 
East  of  making  up  large  acreage  is  to  count  in  the  area  '  alienated ' 
for  rubber  culture.  That  is  to  say,  if  a  company  has  alienated  from 
the  Grovernment  2,000  acres  for  a  rubber  plantation,  but  planted  only 
50  acres,  they  will  speak  of  their  plantation  as  a  2,000-acre  rubber 
estate.  If  the  same  rule  were  followed  in  Mexico,  our  acreage 
would  be  nearly  400,000  acres.  We  have  rubber  estates  owning  as 
nmch  as  20,000  acres,  of  which  it  is  intended  ultimately  to  plant  50 
per  cent. 

"  Only  a  few  years  ago  it  was  stated  in  a  Ceylon  Government  pub- 
lication that  the  entire  area  of  land  suitable  for  rubber  in  the  island 
of  Ceylon  did  not  exceed  10,000  acres.  That  this  estimate  was  incor- 
rect is  shown  by  the  actual  area  now  planted.  This  area  increased 
between  the  yeai's  1890-1898  at  the  rate  of  50  aci-es  per  year,  and  in 
the  last-named  year  there  were  about  750  acres  planted.  It  took 
three  years  more  before  the  acreage  rose  to  2,500  acres,  but  in  the 
last  few  years  it  has  increased  veiy  rapidly.  During  the  last  two 
years  the  planting  has  suddenly  increased  largely  in  the  entire  Indo- 
Malayan  region,  and  it  can  therefore  be  hoped  that  in  a  few  years 
hence  plantation  rubber  from  the  East  will  become  of  importance 
in  the  world's  market. 

"  Only  quite  recently  I  had  a  letter  from  London  in  which  it  was 
pointed  out  that  the  price  of  crude  rubber  was  liable  to  decrease 
very  soon  on  account  of  the  large  supply  due  from  the  '  vast  rubber 
plantations  in  the  East.'  ^Vs  seen  from  the  statistics  given  above, 
the  total  area  is  not  yet  so  '  vast '  as  might  be  expected  from  the 
exaggerated  statements  issued  from  London  headquarters. 

PLANTAnOX     Kl  BBER. 

"  With  a  total  area  under  nibber  at  the  present  time  of  over 
vJ55,000  acres,  we  must  naturally  ex^j^ect  in  six  or  eight  years  hence 
a  large  supply  of  plantation  rubber.  But  admitting  that  the  sup- 
ply of  wild  rubber  would  not  decrease  in  that  time,  while,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  demand  would  keep  on  increasing,  there  is  not  much 
to  fear  from  a  decline  in  prices. 

*'  The  present  output  of  plantation  rubber  does  not  exceed  1,000  tons, 
If  we  consider  that  the  yield  per  aci*e  is  300  pounds,  the  supply  of 
plantation  rubber  from  the  present  area  planted  would,  twelve  years 
hence,  be  nearly  55,000  tons  per  annum.  During  the  last  dozen  years 
the  increase  in  the  consumption  of  rubl>er  has  In^en  on  an  average  of 
?  l>er  cent  per  annum,  and  this  average  is  increasing  rather  than 
diminishing.  If  we  carry  on  this  increase  for  another  dozen  years, 
wo  find  (hat  twelve  years  hence  the  need  of  rubl>er  would  be  close 
to  175,000  tons.    We  have  no  reason  to  supix)se  that  the  supply  of 


PRESENT    CONDITION    OF    RUBBER    CULTURE.  38 

wild  rubber  twelve  years  hence  will  be  greater  than  to-day.  On  the 
contrary,  everything  tends  to  show  that  the  production  has  reached 
its  limit  and  will  decrease  instead  of  augment  in  the  future.  The 
present  area  planted  would  thus  not  nearly  supply  the  balance  of  the 
c*onsumption,  provided  the  output  of  wild  rubber  twelve  years  hence 
was  still  65,000  tons. 

"  We  need  not  think  that  the  planting  of  rubber  has  come  to  a  stand- 
still. Much  more  land  will  be  planted  under  this  crop  all  over  the 
Tropics,  but  very  large  plantations  are  needed  to  supply  the  increased 
demand.  It  is  therefore  evident  that  we  have  not  much  to  fear  from 
overproduction  for  many  years  to  come. 

'*  It  is  not  many  years  since  rubber  planting  was  looked  upon  by  the 
ordinary  investor  as  a  very  hazardous  undertaking,  and  those  wlfo 
were  spending  money  on  rubber  planting  were  considered  visionaries. 
At  the  present  time  many  rubber  plantations  are  coming  into  bearing, 
and  are  for  the  first  time  demonstrating  the  truth  of  the  ideas  of  the 
pioneers.  Plantations  in  Ceylon  have  already  paid  as  much  as  40  to 
50  per  cent  in  annual  dividends.  Some  Mexican  plantations  have 
been  able  to  pay  as  much  as  15  per  cent  on  the  invested  capital  from 
rubber  obtained  on  the  estate. 

"  The  ever-increasing  areas  under  rubber  indicate  that  this  industry 
is  able  to  draw  capital,  and  this  is  perhaps  the  best  proof  that  its 
prospects  are  good,  as  capital  is  a  fairly  correct  index  regarding  such 
matters.  The  fact  that  rubber  planting  has  gained  much  notoriety 
through  capital  being  obtained  for  the  ostensible  purpose  of  exploit- 
ing rubber  plantations,  but  in  reality  has  been  diverted  to  the  private 
use  of  dishonest  promoters,  is  no  proof  against  the  possibility  of  culti- 
vating rubber  or  against  the  profitableness  of  rubber  culture.  The 
public  has  become  suspicious  towards  all  rubber-planting  companies 
and  many  legitimate  concerns  have  suffered. 

•^  If  we  investigate  the  causes  which  have  produced  some  of  the 
most  disastrous  and  sensational  failures  of  rubber  plantations,  we  will 
find  that  in  every  case  such  a  company  was  not  promoted  as  a  hona 
fde  and  legitimate  enterprise  for  the  purpose  of  building  up  a  suc- 
cessful plantation,  but  that  the  whole  scheme  was  intended  to  benefit 
the  promoters.  In  some  cases  the  home  office  expenses  have  exhausted 
the  entire  capital,  and  little  or  nothing  has  been  left  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  plantation.  Some  of  these  plantations  have  l>een  started 
on  soil  which  is  in  evwy  way  imsuitable  for  the  cultivation  of  rubber. 
On  others  the  development  work  has  been  greatly  overpaid  to  the 
benefit  of  one  ot  another  interested  jjerson.  Very  often  the  manage- 
ment has  lacked  all  the  experience  of  tropical  agriculture,  and  some  of 
the  plantations  do  not  show  a  result  commensurate  with  the  outlay. 


34         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 
PI^VNTING    AND    CULTIVATION. 

"  The  first  requirement  for  rubber  planting  is  the  right  kind  of  soil 
and  climate,  and  at  the  same  time  an  honest  and  competent  adminis- 
tration. If  these  conditions  are  fulfilled,  rubber  planting  promises 
to  become  one  of  the  most  profitable  tropical  industries. 

"  The  commercial  exploitation  of  various  rubber-producing  plants 
was  naturally  taken  up  first  by  the  nations  which  owned  tropical 
colonies  or  tropical  lands.  It  was  in  these  same  countries  that  the 
profitableness  and  possibility  of  rubber  culture  were  first  realized. 
There  was  naturally  at  first  a  certain  hesitation,  but  of  late  years  an 
increasing  faith  in  rubber  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  more  and 
more  capital  is  being  diverted  to  this  new  tropical  industry. 

"  There  are  few  plants  that  are  better  adapted  to  cultivation  than 
the  principal  rubber-producing  trees.  It  has  now  been  fully  demon- 
strated that  rubber  can  be  grown  profitably  on  a  commercial  scale, 
and  that  plantation  rubber  can  be  produced  cheaper  and  better  than 
the  product  of  the  wild  tree.  Many  mistakes  are  yet  made,  and  com- 
paratively little  knowledge  exists  regarding  cultural  methods,  but 
with  the  increased  attention  now  being  paid  to  rubber  cultivation 
it  can  be  hoped  that  present  defects  and  shortcomings  will  be  cor- 
rected in  a  not  too  distant  future. 

"  Rubber  planters  in  Mexico  and  Central  America  have  been  ex- 
perimenting regarding  cultural  methods  for  a  good  many  years,  and 
it  is  only  of  late  definite  results  have  been  forthcoming.  In  many 
special  questions  no  uhinuite  conclusions  have  yet  been  arrived  at 
and  we  can  not  say  that  we  are  absolutely  certain  as  to  the  best 
methods  in  any  particular  stage  of  the  cultivation  or  preparation  of 
Castilla  rubber. 

"  In  regard  to  soil  requirements,  Castilla  needs  an  open  porous  soil, 
well  drained,  but  with  sufficient  underground  water  supply.  The 
chemical  ccmsistency  of  the  soil  or  its  relative  richness  is  of  little 
importance.  Stagnant  water  or  very  acid  soil  is  detrimental,  and 
thin  soil  with  hard  impermeable  subsoil  will  grow  Castilla  for  a  few 
years,  but  when  the  tree  reaches  six  or  seven  years  of  age  and  the 
roots  i)enetrate  deeper  and  reach  water  growth  ceases,  and  the  tree  is 
liable  to  die  back. 

"  The  question  of  shade  in  Castilla  culture  has  been  much  debated. 
In  Mexico  there  are  still  three  different  methods  in  vogue.  The  first 
that  was  used  in  the  early  days  of  rubber  culture  was  to  plant  in  shade. 
It  is  based  on  an  erroneous  observation  of  nature.  Castilla  was  found 
in  the  forests,  and  as  it  is  a  comparatively  low  tree,  it  was  supposed 
that  it  recjuired  shade  for  its  successful  growth.  It  was  also  found 
that  if  the  seeds  were  sown  in  the  open  without  any  shade  the  young 
seedlings  often  failed,  or  if  they  survived  the  first  dry  season  they 


PRESENT  CONDITION  OF  RUBBER  CULTURE.         .35 

grew  very  slowly.  On  the  other  hand  seeds  germinated  xevj  freely 
when  sown  in  the  shade  and  the  seedlings  grew  rapidly,  especially  in 
height.  The  observant  planter  soon  discovered,  however,  that  the  first 
year's  growth  was  not  continued,  and  as  years  went  by,  he  found  that 
shade-grown  Castillas  developed  into  fishing  rods  without  any  incre- 
ment in  trunk  growth.  Moreover,  the  trees  were  sickly,  often  attacked 
by  root  fungi,  and  generally  very  liable  to  disease.  There  are  still 
some  planters  who  persist  in  keeping  shade,  enjojdng  the  sight  of  40 
to  50  feet  high,  whip-like  trees,  6  or  7  years  old,  but  which  never 
reach  a  '  tapable  '  age. 

"  The  second  system  as  regards  shading  is  to  plant  in  semishade, 
that  is,  to  leave  a  few  high  trees  when  clearing,  expecting  these  to 
give  the  rubber  trees  a  certain  amount  of  shelter  in  the  dry  season, 
when  the  Castilla  has  shed  its  leaves  and  is  exposed  to  the  scorching 
sun.  This  method  has  been  employed  with  a  certain  amount  of  suc- 
cess on  some  plantations,  especially  where  the  soil  is  liable  to  become 
hard  and  baked  if  exposed  to  the  sun.  It  seems  the  most  natural, 
as  Castilla  in  its  wild  state  always  occurs  in  the  vicinity  of  other 
trees  from  which  it  receives  shelter  and  shade.  To  establish  such 
conditions  it  is  not,  however,  necessary  to  leave  jungle  trees  as  shade, 
but  by  planting  close  the  benefits  required  will  be  obtained.  This 
can  easily  be  overdone,  and  the  planter  has  to  exert  considerable 
judgment  in  regard  to  the  distance  at  which  he  should  plant.  In 
localities  where  the  soil  is  very  moist  or  drainage  imperfect  any 
shade  whatsoever  may  prove  dangerous  to  the  health  of  the  rubber, 
and  it  certainly  will  greatly  retard  the  proper  development  of  the 
stand. 

"  The  third  method  is  to  plant  in  the  open.  If  the  seeds  arc  sown 
at  a  suitable  time,  that  is  if  the  soil  is  not  moist  or  if  no  rain  falls 
for  weeks,  complete  failure  in  germinating  may  result.  If  the  dis- 
trict has  a  distinct  dry  season,  the  seedlings  will  suffer  greatly  during 
that  time,  in  case  they  have  not  had  a  good  growth  before  the  rains 
were  over.  Otherwise  there  are  no  objections  to  planting  in  the  open, 
and  if  this  has  been  done  fairly  close,  so  that  the  young  plants  partly 
shade  each  other,  they  have  under  these  conditions  the  best  opportuni- 
ties of  a  rapid  development. 

'•.Vnother  important  question  in  regard  to  rubber  planting  is  that 
of  distance  between  the  trees.  Considerable  difference  of  opinion 
exists  in  this  regard  and,  as  is  the  case  with  Hevea  planters,  distances 
varying  from  6  by  6  to  30  by  30  feet  have  their  advocates  among 
planters  of  Castilla. 

**  I  have  concluded,  from  experiments  conducted  with  a  view 
tovrard  ascertaining  the  relation  of  distance  between  the  trees  and 
the  weekly,  monthly,  and  annual  increment  of  trunk  growth,  that  as 
soon  as  the  roots  of  the  trees  touch  and  become  intermatted  the 


86         INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF    JHE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

growth  of  the  trees  is  impaired.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  we  know 
that  if  the  Castilla  trees  are  planted  veiy  far  apart  their  growth  is 
stunted  and,  when  the  trees  become  older,  their  bark  is  exposed  to 
the  heat  of  the  sun  and  to  evaporation  caused  by  dry  winds  passing 
through  the  plantation.  The  result  of  this  is  that  the  bark  cracks, 
the  latex  vessels  shrivel,  and  no  latex  can  Be  obtained.  We  can  say 
then  that  the  trees  are  '  sunburned.' 

"The  question  then  arises,  At  what  distance  are  we  to  plant?  I 
decidedly  condemn  too  close  planting,  as  it  leads  to  a  disproportion- 
ately whip-like  growth  of  the  trunk.  I  would  also  emphatically 
warn  against  too  open  planting.  I  think  the  error  of  the  latter  prac- 
tice is  conclusively  proven  by  the  following  instance  that  has  come 
under  my  observation.  Two  years  ago  I  ^^sited  a  large  Castilla 
plantation  on  which  the  trees  had  been  planted  21  by  24  feet  apart. 
The  trees  were  5  years  old,  and  investigation  revealed  the  fact  that  a 
great  percentage  of  the  trees,  especially  those  which  had  been  grow- 
ing on  dry  knolls  or  exposed  places,  had  a  bark  very  rough,  scaly,  and 
full  of  longitudinal  fissures.  The  inner  bark,  in  which  the  latex 
vess(»ls  are  situated,  was  very  dry  and  the  latex  in  the  ducts  had 
coagulated.  In  many  places  on  the  bark  exudition  of  the  latex  had 
taken  place  and  Ijig  drops  or  tears  of  latex  had  fonned  scrap  rubber. 
The  only  way  in  which  this  condition  of  the  trees  could  be  remedied 
was  to  allow  the  weeds  to  grow  up  and  underbrush  to  develop.  This 
vegetation  shades  the  trunk,  and  in  due  time  new  bark  is  formed 
and  the  old  thrown  off.  This  process  takes  at  least  two  years  and  is 
successful  only  in  case  the  cambium  has  not  been  injured. 

"  In  deciding  about  the  distance  at  which  to  plant,  we  have  to  take 
into  consideration  the  following  two  primary  factors:  The  trees  must 
not  stand  so  dase  as  to  impede  the  growth  of  eacli  other  and  they  must 
not  he  far  enough  apaii;  to  leave  the  trunks  exposed  to  sun  and  wind, 

"  From  the  alx)ve  we  obtain  an  indication  pointing  to  the  method  we 
ought  to  follow,  namely,  close*  planting  and  sul)sequent  gradual  thin- 
ning, according  to  the  requirements  of  the  trees.  Besides  fulfilling 
some  of  the  conditions  leading  to  a  successful  development  of  rubber 
stand,  the  metliod  of  close  planting  has  other  advantages.  It  permits 
of  a  thorough  system  of  selection,  wliich  is  not  possible  imder  the 
method  of  ojxm  planting  in  i)ennanont  situations.  From  a  financial 
point  of  view  ch)se  plantingisdecidedly  superior  to  any  other  method. 
It  has  Ix^en  proved  that  by  proper  management  the  intermediate 
rublH?r  trees  which  are  not  supposed  to  remain  permanently  in  the 
stand,  can  l)e  made  to  produce  a  sufficient  quantity  of  rubber  to  ren- 
der tlie  system  very  profitable  before  the  ix*nnanent  trees  can  be  con- 
sidered productive.  By  close  phmting  the  danger  of  faihires  in  the 
stan<l  is  reduced  ahnost  to  nil,  and  this  is  important  to  the  planter, 


PRESENT   CONDITION   OF   RUBBKB   CULTURE.  87 

as  filling  up  failures  in  a  young  foi'est  is  both  <?xpensive  and  pre- 
carious. 

'*  There  is  always  a  temptation  to  leave  too  many  trees  in  order  to 
provide  for  a  big  side  crop,  but  this  should  naturally  be  resisted.  A 
heavy  thinning  comes  to  the  assistance  of  the  best  specimens  of 
growth,  and  it  must  on  no  account  be  omitted  or  postponed.  It  is 
extremely  difficult  to  lay  down  any  definite  rules  as  to  thinning  opera- 
tions, but  it  has  been  conclusively  proved  that  the  general  rules  ap- 
plied to  scientific  forestry  in  regard  to  silvicultural  operations  are 
fully  applicable  to  the  cultivated  rubber  trees.  Rubber  planting  is 
nothing  else  than  silviculture,  and  we  should  take  our  lessons  from 
ordinary  common  sense  and  from  the  results  obtained  from  the  ex- 
tensive experience  of  the  forest  planter,  naturally  with  due  attention 
paid  to  the  particular  conditions  obtaining  in  the  Tropics  and  the 
peculiar  nature  of  the  rubber  tree. 

^*  The  method  of  propagating  Castilla  first  employed  was  to  sow 
seeds  in  nurseries,  and  when  the  seedlings  were  4  to  6  months  old 
they  were  transplanted.  Very  often,  however,  transplanting  was 
not  done  before  a  year  after  sowing.  The  plants  were  then  from  5 
to  12  feet  high.  The  seedlings  were  cut  5  or  6  inches  below  the  sur- 
face and  topped,  leaving  a  pole  some  3  feet  long.  Tied  into  bundles 
these  poles  were  carried  into  the  field.  With  a  pointed  stake  holes 
were  made  in  the  ground  about  1  foot  deep,  and  the  pole  placed  in 
the  hole  and  the  soil  pressed  close  to  the  stem.  When  this  planting 
was  done  carefully  and  if  rain  fell  within  the  next  two  or  three  days, 
not  more  than  3  or  4  per  cent  of  failures  occurred.  In  places  where 
the  soil  was  somewhat  sandy  the  failures  were  more  frequent. 

"  Later  experience  has  proved  that  the  cheapest  and  surest  method 
is  to  plant  the  seeds  at  stake.  Nearly  a  year's  growth  is  thus  gained, 
and  it  does  away  with  expensive  replanting,  where  failures  occur 
under  the  transplanting  method.  The  seeds  are  planted  in  small  hills, 
aborut  7  seeds  in  each  hill,  3  inches  between  the  seeds.  The  hills  are 
at  a  distance  of  about  7  feet  in  rows  12  feet  apart. 

^  In  planting  in  this  manner  we  allow  for  a  high  percentage  of  fail- 
ures in  germination;  we  can  give  ants,  lizards,  and  field  rats  their 
due  amount  and  we  still  have  plants  in  abundance.  This  method  has 
now  been  practiced  several  years  with  success.  There  are  no  com- 
plete failures  in  any  hill,  except  where  planting  has  been  done  in 
ground  which  is  too  acid.  In  such  places  we  may  have  to  replant  in 
small  patches  after  proper  draining  has  been  prepared  for,  and  for 
this  purpose  we  use  excess  plants  growing  in  the  neighborhood.  Dur- 
ing the  first  few  months  seedlings  backward,  misshaped,  or  over- 
crowded diould  be  thinned  at  the  time  of  each  weeding.  Generally 
at  least  50  per  ceat  of  all  the  seedlings  should  be  cut  out  during  the 


38        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS, 

first  six  months.  This  thinning  should  l^  continued  during  subse- 
quent years  until  at  the  end  of  the  sixth  year  from  sowing  there  are 
approximately  800  trees  to  the  acre.  The  best  400  trees  are  to  remain 
permanently  and  are  not  touched  before  they  have  reached  26  or  28 
inches  in  circumference  at  3  feet  from  the  ground.  The  intennediate 
trees  are  tapped  wlien  G  years  old,  very  heavily — that  is,  as  much 
latex  as  possible  is  extracted.  A  few  weeks  later  the  trees  are 
inspected.  Those  that  have  suffered  from  tapping  should  be  marked 
and  doomed.  If  they  still  yield  latex  they  are  cut  up  with  numerous 
incisions,  and  a  few  days  afterwards  the  scrap  is  collected  and  the 
trees  felled.  Those  trees  that  promise  to  recuperate  should  be  left 
untouched  for  four  months,  when  they  are  again  tapped  in  the  regu- 
lar way.  After  a  second  inspection  they  should  be  killed.  Excep- 
tional trees,  which  do  not  crowd  upon  the  permanent  trees,  may  be  left 
to  the  following  or  seventh  year,  when  they  are  tapped  with  an  ulti- 
mate view  to  their  destruction.  At  the  end  of  the  seventh  year  we 
have  400  trees  to  the  acre. 

"A  most  important  item  in  the  formation  of  a  plantation  is  an 
efficient  drainage.  In  this  work  every  fall  of  the  ground  must  be 
taken  advantage  of,  and  in  many  cases  much  may  be  done  by  straight- 
ening and  clearing  existing  water  courses. 

"  The  question  of  draining  for  rubber  has  been  overlooked  in  the 
whole  of  Mexico.  Most  planters  claim  that  it  is  sufficient  to  have 
what  is  called  a  good  natural  drainage.  This  is  a  mistake.  The 
Eastern  planter  has  fully  realized  this,  and  even  on  very  sloping  land 
drains  are  nuide  before  the  rubber  is  planted.  I  do  not  remember  hav- 
ing seen  a  single  rubber  plantation  in  the  East  where  this  was  not 
done.  The  object  of  draining  is  not  only  to  provide  an  outlet  for  the 
surface  water,  but  to  drain  the  ground  down  to  a  certain  depth. 

"  In  commencing  the  work  the  positions  of  the  main  outlets  must 
first  be  determined.  The  main  drains  are  next  opened  according  to 
the  fall  of  the  ground,  and  minor  conduits  are  formed  up  and  down 
the  face  of  the  slope.  It  is  impossible  to  lay  down  definitcj  rules  as 
to  the  exact  method  of  making  drains.  The  fault  of  overdraining 
nnist  be  guarded  against  as  well  as  its  opposite  extreme.  Much  has 
been  written  and  said  about  the  dis<»ases  of  rublx^r  trees.  We  have 
been  fortunate  enough  in  Mexico  not  to  Ix?  bothered  with  any  serious 
outbreak,  but  it  is  necessary  that  we  be  very  careful  and  keep  a 
constant  watch  over  any  disease  that  may  appear.  In  this  respect 
the  Planters'  Association  has  a  great  mission  by  undertaking  system- 
atic and  organized  inquiries.  We  know  very  well  that  every  culti- 
vated plant  has  its  enemies,  and  it  would  be  wrong  to  assume  that 
the  rubber  tn^e  would  1h»  the  sole  exception  to  this  rule.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  we  know  that  the  rubber  is  attacked  bv  various  enemies. 


PRESENT    CONDITION    OF    RUBBER    CULTURE.  3ff' 

"  Perpetual  immunity  from  diseases  can  not  be  expected,  and  everjr 
possible  step  to  prevent  the  occurrence  of  an  epidemic  must  be- 
observed.  The  larger  area  planted  with  one  particular  crop,  the 
greater  the  danger  of  an  outbreak.  A  single-crop  system  is  for  this- 
reason  most  unsuitable  and  even  disastrous. 

**  Where  no  natural  enemies  exist,  the  changed  conditions  caused  by 
large  acreage  being  put  under  a  single  product  call  forth  new  dis- 
eases.    Special  measures  must  be  taken  to  meet  such  an  emergency.- 
"VMiere  vast  continuous  areas  have  been  planted  with  one  product,, 
it   is  imperative  that  protective  belts  either  of  jungle  or  of  other 
plants  be  loft  to  form  boundaries.     In  the  Federated  Malay  States- 
the  Director  of  Agriculture  has  prevailed  upon  the  Government  to  de- 
clare a  certain  area  of  forest  as  reserve,  and  this  divides  the  entire 
country  into  two  main  districts.     The  idea  is  that  if  an  epidemic  ap- 
pears in  one  district  there  is  every  possibility  of  checking  its  spread- 
ing into  the  other. 

''A  similar  policy  is  advisable  on  individual  estates.     A  belt  or  a 
^trip  of  forest  30  to  50  meters  wide  is  not  only  an  effective  means  of 
preventing  diseases  from  spreading,  but  it  is  also  an  excellent  fire- 
break. 

'^  In  regard  to  disease  of  the  rubber  tree,  we  must  draw  lessons  from' 
the  serious  damage  which  has  been  done  in  other  countries  to  other 
agricultural  industries.  If  we  take  steps  and  keep  any  pest  that  ap- 
j^ears  under  control,  we  need  have  no  fear. 

"'As  we  all  know,  fire  is  the  rubber  planter's  worst  enemy.  We^ 
have  had  the  sad  experience  in  Mexico  of  large  areas  of  planted  rub- 
ber Ijeing  burned  in  the  dry  season.  In  some  cases  this  has  been  an 
inevitable  misfortune,  but  in  other  cases  it  would  have  been  easy  to 
prevent  the  fire.  One  of  the  most  important  matters  in  this  connec- 
tion is  the  laying  out  of  the  plantation.  It  is  not  practical  to  plant 
the  entire  area  of  thousands  of  acres  in  one  continuous  block.  This 
is  so  for  many  reasons.  Roads  are  needed  for  communication  inta 
the  plantations.  It  is,  further,  a  great  advantage  to  have  the  entire 
plantation  laid  off  in  symmetrical  blocks  for  the  purpose  of  control- 
ling the  tapping  and  other  work,  as  well  as  the  number  of  trees. 

"  Several  rubber  plantations  in  various  parts  of  this  country  were 
laid  out  eight  and  nine  years  ago  on  the  plan  of  square  blocks  each 
containing  a  certain  number  of  trees.  Such  are  surrounded  by  roads^ 
of  more  or  less  width.  If  tliese  roads  are  kept  clear,  a?  they  should  be, 
they  constitute  effective  fire  breaks,  and  it  is  possible  by  means  of 
these  to  check  a  fire  and  limit  it  to  a  certain  area,  instead  of  having 
it  sweep  over  the  whole  plantation. 

'•  Every  now  and  then  we  hear  of  some  writer  who  claims  that  some 
ilexican  rubber  planters  have  expressed  their  doubt  as  to  the  wisdom 

24181— BuU.  1—08 4 


40        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OP   THE    AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

of  planting  Cast  ilia  when  Hevea  shows  such  a  decided  success  in  the 
East.  Let  me  hei*e  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  even  if  we  could 
successfully  grow  Hevea  here  in  Mexico  we  could  not  possibly  make 
it  a  paying  business.  The  reason  is  that  the  nature  of  the  latex-bear- 
ing ducts  in  Hevea  is  such  that  at  each  tapping  only  a  small  amount 
of  latex  exudes.  For  this  reason  a  system  of  multiple  tapping  is  em- 
ployed for  this  tree.  Castilla,  on  the  other  hand,  gives  much  more 
latex  at  each  tapping,  and  we  know  that  multiple  tapping  as  em- 
ployed on  Hevea  is  of  no  avail  on  our  trees. 

'^  With  the  price  of  hibor  standing  close  to  $1  a  day,  and  scarce  at 
that  price,  it  would  be  impossible  to  tap  our  rubber  trees  every  second 
day,  receiving  only  about  one-tenth  of  an  ounce  per  tapping  In 
Java,  the  Federated  Malay  States,  and  Ceylon,  they  pay  about  20  to 
30  cents  (Mexican)  to  their  laborers,  and  this  fact  alone  explains  the 
profits  of  their  rubber  industry. 

"We  need  not  by  any  means  feel  discouraged  over  Castilla  plant- 
'ing.  Do  it  right  and  it  will  pay  as  much  as  almost  any  other  tropical 
crop.  We  do  not  need  to  trouble  our^c^lves  about  many  other  rubber- 
producing  plants  which  aiT  cultivated  elst^where. 

"Although  many  i)<)ints  have  been  advanced  for  the  profitableness 
of  one  or  another  rubber  plant  in  preference  to  otliers,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  number  of  rubbtH'  plants  which  can  be  grown  with 
commercial  success  is  very  small.  Of  the  many  different  plants  which 
contain  rubber  there  is  one  class  that  is  wholly  unsuitable  for  culti- 
vation. We  refer  to  the  climbers  or  lianas.  These  plants  furnish  a 
great  part  of  the  crude  rubber  now  available  on  the  market.  For 
instance,  all  the  rubbi»r  or  gutta-percha  collecte<l  in  the  Philippines 
conies  from  various  climbing  plants.  Similarly,  most  of  the  African 
rubber  is  obtained  from  lianas.  In  collecting,  these  have  to  be  cut 
down  and  conse<[uently  furnish  only  one  crop.  When  we  consider 
that  it  takes  several  years  for  one  of  tho<t»  plants  to  grow  up  to  its 
full  size,  and  when  we  further  ronioniljer  that  the  climl)ers  require 
large  trtvs  for  support,  it  is  evident  that  <'ultivation  of  climbers  for 
conunercial  purposes  can  not  be  a  success. 

"Other  plants  yield  rubber  in  such  small  cpianthies  that  cultiva- 
tion would  not  ])ay.  and  others,  again,  do  not  yield  before  they  have 
i-eached  the  age  of  over  twenty  years,  in  which  case  the  ix^turns  would 
not  ofl'er  indu(vni(»nt  enough  f<»r  starting  plantations. 

(OMTAKATIVK    VALI  KS   OF   DIFI  KKKNT    SPKf  IKS. 

"If  we  eliminate  all  the  many  different  rubber  plants  which  for 
(»ne  reason  or  another  are  not  suitable  for  cultivation,  we  have  four 
or  perhaps  five  kinds  to  take  into  consiileratiou.  IJesides  the  two 
princii)al  kinds  of  Para   rubK'r  and  Castilla,  we  have  the  Ceara 


PRESENT   CONDITION    OF   RUBBER    CULTITRE,  41 

rubber  {Manibot  Glaziovil  MuelL  Arg.)^  which  was  originally  found 
wild  in  certain  mountain  districts  in  Brazil,  where  it  is  occasionally 
gathered  by  the  natives.  This  tree  was  first  considered  very  suitable 
for  cultivation,  and  more  than  twenty  years  ago  it  was  largely  planted 
in  Ceylon  and  also  in  India,  but  at  present  it  is  not  considered  worth 
collecting. 

'*The  Assam  rubber  {Ficus  ehhtiea)  of  East  India  lias  been  pro- 
ducing rubber  for  a  long  time,  but  it  is  not  likely  to  become  planted 
very  widely,  as  even  in  its  native  country  it  does  not  produce  rubber 
profitably  before  it  has  reached  a  rather  advanced  age.  Both  in  Java 
and  the  Malay  Peninsula  I  found  that  both  private  planters  and 
Government  experts  were  discouraging  the  planting  of  this  tree.  It 
is,  however,  the  longest  lived  of  all  the  rubber  trees  and  would  prob- 
ably go  on  improving  for  a  century.  The  main  trouble  vnih  the 
Ficus  is  in  the  tapping,  which  is  very  difficult. 

^"^  The  so-called  Lagos  rubber  {Fnnfumia  eldstiea),  which  grows 
wild  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa,  is  being  planted  in  its  native  country, 
and  has  been  tried  experimentally  in  many  botanical  gardens  through- 
out the  Tropics,  but  it  is  not  considered  very  good. 

*'  In  Colombia  and  certain  parts  of  Central  America  there  occurs 
in  the  high  mountains  a  rubber  tree  which  produced  a  very  good  kind 
of  rubber.  This  is  the  Sapium  tolimense  which  may  yet  prove  to  be 
suitable  for  our  tropical  highlands  up  to  an  elevation  of  7,000  feet. 
To  my  knowledge  no  experiments  with  this  plant  have  yet  been  made 
in  Mexico,  mainly  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  tnie  seeds. 
Over  a  year  ago  I  received  and  planted  seeds  which  were  said  to  be 
thor^e  of  the  '  Sapium,'  but  when  the  plant  appeared  I  found  it  to  be 
another  species  which  does  not  produce  rubber. 

'*  The  Hnneamia  speciosa  of  Brazil,  or  the  Mangal)eira  nibber,  is  a 
very  slow-growing  tree,  rather  difficult  to  cultivate,  and  I  do  not  think 
it  would  be  a  success  in  Mexico. 

''xVs  we  have  to  leave  out  the  Ilevea  on  account  of  the  cost  of  col- 
lecting the  rubber,  we  find  ourselves  confined  to  the  rubber  tree  of 
Mexico,  growing  at  our  very  doors  in  the  Tropics.  Taken  as  an 
ordinary  cultivated  tree,  the  Castilla  is  as  easy  a  plant  to  cultivate 
as  any.  But  we  must  not  for  a  moment  believe,  as  many  company 
promoters  like  to  state,  that  all  we  have  to  do  is  to  plant  the  seeds 
in  the  ground  and  wait  for  the  crops  to  appear.  As  in  regard  to  other 
plants,  Castilla  reacts  to  good  treatment.  We  have  so  far  learned 
a  good  deal  about  the  methods  of  cultivation,  and  our  knowledge  of 
rubber  culture  to-day  is  quite  different  from  that  of  five  years  ago. 

'•  In  this  and  in  many  other  regards  the  Rubber  Planters'  Associ- 
ation has  a  great  missicm  and  we  hope  that  a  few  years  hence,  when 
the  result  of  the  work  of  the  association  has  begim  to  be  evident,  the 
Mexican  rubber  industry  shall  be  not  a  thing  to  be  laughed  at,  but 


42         1NTERHATI0N-\L   BURE.VU    OF   TUE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

one  of  the  leading  agricultural  industries  of  this  country  and  one 
which  will  have  the  lead  in  comi^etition  with  other  countries.'' 

CULTIVATED  RUBBER  TREES. 

An  article  in  the  ''  Peruvian  Agi-iculturist/'  a  weekly  publication 
of  Lima,  states  that  cultivated  rubber  trees  yield  50  per  cent  more 
rubber  than  wild  rubber  trees,  which  is  equivalent  to  saying  that  half 
the  number  of  laborers  working  on  a  plantation  of  cultivated  rubber 
trees  will  produce  double  the  quantity  of  rubber  that  would  be  pro- 
duced if  the  same  number  of  workmen  operated  on  a  plantation  of 
wild  rubber  trees,  to  say  nothing  of  the  greater  ease  and  comfort  with 
which  the  work  is  done. 

Cultivating  ru))ber  trees  without  clearing  the  plantation  is  even 
more  profitable  than  is  their  cultivation  on  a  cleared  plantation.  By 
the  former  method  owners  of  wild  rubber  forests  have  only  to  plant 
the  unoccupied  spaces  with  rubber  trees  to  obtain  a  large  area  of 
land  covered  with  this  phuit  growing  closely  together,  and,  although 
it  is  true  that  some  species,  such  as  the  Ilevea,  require  from  five  to 
ten  years  to  become  productive,  nevertheless,  during  this  period,  the 
wild  rubber  trees  can  be  exploited,  and  it  should  be  borne  in  mind 
that  the  capital  required  in  rubber-tree  cultivation  of  this  kind  is 
very  small  compared  with  the  subsequent  benefits  to  be  derived  there- 
from. 

The  cult i Nation  of  some  other  species  of  rubber  tree  is  even  more 
productive  than  that  of  the  Ilevea,  such,  for  instance,  as  the  Mani- 
zoba,  inasmuch  as  trei»s  of  this  species  can  be  tapi)ed  after  the  second 
yeftr,  their  cultivation  is  simpler,  and  their  development  more  rapid 
than  that  of  the  Ilevea.  Tai)ping  after  the  second  or  third  year  pro- 
duces about  150  grams  of  rubber  per  tree  annually,  and  instead  of 
injuring  the  tree  the  tapping  tames  or  educates  it.  so  that  each  time 
it  i?5  tapped  it  will  jn-oduce  a  larger  yield  of  rubber  until  the  maxi- 
nuun  of  500  grams  annually  is  obtained.  Supposing  each  tree  to 
produce  150  grams  of  rubber  ainiiially,  and  taking  into  consideration 
the  fact  that  rul)b(r  trees  can  be  i)lanted  2  meters  apart,  1  hectare 
would  contain  2,500  trees, -and  would  produce  yearly  375  kilograms 
of  rubber,  or  25  Portuguese  arrobas  of  15  kilograms  each.  The  aver- 
age price  of  an  arroba  is  ()5  sols,  or  1,025  sols  per  hectare,  which 
quantity  would  increase  each  year,  as  constant  tapping  increases  the 
])roducti<)n  of  rublnn-  in  the  si)ecies  referred  to.  Good  results  have 
also  been  obtained  by  fertilizing  clayey  soil. 

CONDITIONS  GOVERNING  THE  GUAYULE  INDUSTRY. 

A  valuable  report,  transmitted  to  the  Department  of  State  of  the 
United  States  by  Ccmsul-CJenera!  (lorrsc  halk  at  Mexico  City,  con- 
tains information  as  to  the  actual  conditions  prevailing  as  regards 


PBESENT    CONDITION    OF    RUBBER   CULTURE.  43 

the  guayule  rubber  industry  and  the  precarious  future  of  the  plant 
unless  some  sure  method  of  propagating  it  be  discovered.  Special 
emphasis  is  laid  by  Mr.  Gottschalk  upon  the  fact  of  the  short-lived 
economic  value  of  guayule  as  at  present  exploited. 

A  resume  of  the  report  follows : 

One  of  the  products  which  within  the  past  two  years  has  attracted 
world-wide  attention  has  been  the  guayule  {Parthenmni  argentum)^ 
formerly  considered  as  a  mere  weed,  whose  very  presence  destroyed 
ihe  value  of  the  lands,  but  which  was  suddenly  discovered  to  be  of 
commercial  importance  as  a  producer  or  rubber.  The  guayule  lands 
of  northern  Mexico  found  ready  exploitation  and  prices  advanced 
enormously,  while  factories  for  reducing  the  shrub  to  a  commercial 
product  were  extensively  installed,  mainly  in  Torreon,  Saltillo,  and 
Coahuila.  Large  lots  of  the  shrub  were  contracted  for,  in  some  cases 
as  large  a  sum  as  $50  gold  per  ton  being  paid  for  it,  the  reported 
yield  in  rubber  being  $1  gold  per  pound.  As  a  result  of  this  enthu- 
siasm, investigation  was  made  of  the  properties  of  the  plant,  with  the 
result  that  it  was  ascertained  that  no  one  seemed  to  have  a  very  defi- 
nite idea  as  to  its  continued  propagation.  One  owner  of  a  large  tract 
of  guayule  land  informed  Mr.  Gottschalk  that  he  found  out  too 
late  that  if  care  were  taken  to  let  the  shrub  run  to  seed  before  cutting 
and  then  shake  the  plant  carefully  after  it  had  been  cut  so  that  the 
seeds  might  fall  to  the  ground  the  soil  would  continue  bearing.  As, 
however,  the  best  yield  of  rubber  was  to  be  obtained  from  cutting  a 
comparatively  young  plant,  and,  further,  as  the  seeds  might  lie  dor- 
mant and  unproductive  for  two  or  three  years,  it  may  be  readily  seen 
that  the  ordinary  rubber  exploiter  would  be  unwilling  to  adopt  the 
necessary  precautions. 

The  guayule  shrub,  which  is  being  milled  in  the  factories  of  the 
country,  gi'ows  over  but  a  limited  area  of  Mexico.  No  care  is  taken 
in  its  gathering  and  no  reseeding  or  otherwise  propagating  the  plant 
is  provided  for.  (A  recent  contract  made  with  the  Government  in  this 
this  connection,  however,  include  certain  stipulations  as  to  this 
matter.)  The  high  prices  offered  by  the  factories  have  led  to  a  reck- 
less liarvesting  of  the  immature  shrubs,  with  the  result  that  in  many 
cases  large  lots  of  guayule  are  received  which  do  not  yield  the  de- 
sired rubber. 

In  the  effort  to  discover  some  means  of  adequately  propagating  the 
plant,  Prof.  F.  E.  Lloyd,  late  of  the  Botanical  Laboratory,  Carnegie 
Institute,  Tuscon,  Arizona,  United  States,  has  been  experimenting 
scientifically  on  one  of  the  Chihuahua  plantations,  but  as  yet  no 
results  have  been  announced. 

The  present  consumption  of  guayule  at  the  center  of  the  industry 
is  about  1,000  tons  of  the  shrub  per  month,  so  that  Mr.  Gottschalk 


44        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

reports  that  he  is  told  by  the  manufacturers  that  they  see  an  end  of 
their  enterprises  within  from  three  to  five  years,  unless  some  repro- 
ductive methods  are  applied  to  the  plant. 

CAOUTCHOUC  FBOM   THE  QUAYULE  PLABTT. 

Doctor  Endlich's  article,  illustrated  with  four  photographs  of  the 
guayule  plant  in  its  natural  state,  in  the  July,  1907,  '^  Tropenpflan- 
267';^  may  be  cited  as  one  of  the  most  interesting  papers  that  have 
l>een  published  on  the  subject.  The  plant  thrives  particularly 
well  on  the  sides  of  deep  slopes,  at  the  foot  of  hills  and  mountains, 
and  on  the  table-lands  at  an  altitude  of  from  000  to  2,000  meters.  The 
size  of  the  plant  varies  according  to  age,  conditions  of  the  soil)  and 
location,  the  average  height  being  about  60  centimeters.  The  tallest 
specimen  found  in  the  Ramirez  Mountain,  State  of  Coahuila,  meas- 
uivd  1.36  metei"s. 

Guayule  gi-ows  very  slowly,  and  the  plants  now  being  gathered 
are  supposed  to  lx»  from  10  to  30  years  old.  According  to  Mr.  IVLvrx, 
the  plant  gi'ows  the  first  year  to  a  height  of  only  15  centimeters,  the 
stem  being  very  weak.  Xotwiths-tanding  this  fact,  it  bears  flowers 
and  produces  seed  from  this  i>eriod  on,  but  can  not  be  advantageously 
exploited  until  the  eighth  year.  Xo  caoutchouc  is  found  in  the  plant 
up  to  the  third  year,  and  the  production  is  scant  up  to  the  eighth 
yeai".  Mr.  P.  Oi.sson-Seffer,  the  distinguished  director  of  the  bo- 
tanic station  and  of  the  Zacualpa  laboratory,  Mexico,  observes  that 
the  height  of  3  or  4  year  old  plants  is  50  centimeters,  while  that  of 
r)-y(»ar-()](I  plants  is  75  centimeters,  and  the  weight,  on  an  average 
is  4  pounds.  It  is  no  exaggeration,  therefore,  to  estimate  the  age  of 
the  guayule  plant  suitable  for  profitable  exploitation  at  between  8 
and  10  years.  * 

Natural  florescence  occurs  from  Septeml)er  to  October:  neverthe- 
less, rain  and  altitude  may  considerably  modify  this  period.  It 
should  be  noted  that,  notwithstanding  its  slow  growth,  the  guayule 
l)lant  flowers  and  fructifies  within  a  year  after  the  seed  has  been 
sown.  The  seed,  which  is  very  a])undant.  do  not  always  completely 
ripen,  es|Hvially  in  tlie  colder  regions. 

Conservative  experts  estimate  tlie  area  covered  by  the  guayule 
plant  in  Mexico  at  75,000  hectares,  situated  in  tlie  northern  part  of 
the  States  of  Zacatecas  and  San  I^uis  Potosi,  the  eastern  part  of 
Duiango,  and  ]>articularly  the  southern  part  of  Coahuila.  The  plant 
is  also  found,  in  more  or  less  abundance,  in  the  States  of  Xuevo  Leon 
and  Chihuahua,  in  Jlexico,  and  in  X>w  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  Texas, 
in  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Orro  Koeiii.kk,  presitlent  of  the  Xaiicmal  Rubljor  Company, 
believes  that  the  guayule  [>lant  found  in  the  United  States  is  not  as 


PBESEWT    CONDITIOIC  OF   RUBBEB   CULTtJKE.  45 

rich  in  rubber-jMroducing  qualities  as  that  of  Mexico,  but  tliinks  it 
could  be  profitably  exploited  where  there  is  an  abundance  of  water 
and  cheap  freight  rates^  A  company  has  been  recently  organized 
in  New  York  for  the  exploitation  of  the  guayule  plant  in  western 
Texas^  and  a  factory  will  be  erected  at  Del  Rio,  Texas,  for  the 
elaboration  of  the  product. 

The  true  guayule  of  commerce  is  the  Parthenium  aT^entatiiin. 
This  must  not  be  confounded  with  a  kindred  species  known  as 
"  Mariola  "  {Parthenium  incanuni)^  which  grows  in  the  same  regions 
as  the  true  guayule,  and  whose  value  as  a  rubber- producing  plant  is 
almost  worthless.  The  distinguishing  characteristics  of  the  two 
plants  are  as  follows : 

Parthenifurrh  argentatum. — Silver  gray ;  toniatose  leaves  and  shoots ; 
short  stem;  short  branches  with  Smooth  bark;  lanceolate  leaves  from 
2  to  5  centimeters  long  by  5  to  15  millimeters  in  width,  serrated  or 
entire  with  sharp  one-third  lobes;  petiole  slender  and  long. 

Parth^mum  incanum.^ — Leaves  and  buds  tomatose  of  a  whitisli  or 
brownish  color ;  shrub  30  to  60  centimeters  high,  much  ramified  from 
the  base;  long  branches,  rugose  bark  with  longitudinal  cracks;  small, 
oblong  or  oval  leaves,  25  millimeters  long  by  2  millimeters  wide, 
deeply  pinnate-lobed ;  petiole  very  short. 

Mr.  ExDLicH  estimates  the  present  guayule  reserve  at  375,000  tons, 
based  on  an  average  output  of  from  500  to  800  kilograms  per  hectare, 
including  in  his  estimate  the  least  productive  regions,  while  the 
^  India  Rubber  World  "  believes  the  total  natural  product  to  be 
about  300,000  tons,  of  which  20,000  to  30,000  tons  have  ali-eady  been 
exploited.  The  average  yield  of  the  grown  plant  is  fixed  at  from  8 
to  11  per  cent  of  rubber.  Some  experts,  however,  consider  that  with 
improvements  in  the  process  of  extraction  the  yield  may  become  as 
high  as  18  per  cent. 

Up  to  1905  Grerman  merchants  bought  the  guayule  crop  at  the 
points  of  production  and  shipped  at  profitable  prices  some  thou- 
sands of  tons  of  the  product  to  Germany.  On  November  1  of  the 
year  referred  to,  this  traflic  was  suddenly  checked  by  the  Mexican 
Government's  placing  a  prohibitive  export  duty  of  $15  a  tovi  on  the 
raw  product.  This  measure  stimulated  the  development  of  the  local 
industry,  and  many  factories  were  cimstructed  by  private  parties  and 
concessions  obtained  from  the  Government  to  exploit  guayule  lands 
for  i)eriods  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  years. 

Rich  companies  were  formed  for  the  exploitation  of  this  industry, 
and  there  are  in  northern  Mexico  at  the  present  time  ton  large  com- 
panies, with  fifteen  factories  in  operation  and  several  in  construction, 
in  which  a  number  of  prominent  American  capitalists  are  concerned. 
One  of  these  corporations — the  Continental   Rubber   Company — is 


46         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

said  to  have  invested  20,000,000  francs  in  the  purchase  of  lands,  pat- 
ents, and  the  construction  of  factories,  etc.  The  principal  factory  at 
Torreon  has  a  motive  force  of  1,800  horsepower  and  works  large 
enough  to  treat  100  tons  of  the  raw  product  daily.  Some  of  the 
guayule  has  to  be  transported  on  the  backs  of  mules  for  over  100 
miles  before  reaching  the  factory. 

German  interests  in  the  guayule  industry  are  also  represented  on  a 
large  scale,  and  it  is  said  that  the  Dresdner  Bank  and  the  firm  of 
Krupp  have  invested  large  sums  of  money  in  this  industr}\ 

The  process  of  extraction  varies  as  to  detail,  and  is  covered  by 
some  142  patents  taken  out  during  the  last  few  years  by  inventors. 
In  the  chemical  process,  which  is  generally  more  expensive  than  the 
mechanical,  but  which  produces  a  better  product,  the  akalies  have 
been  replaced  by  sulphides  of  carbon. 

The  cost  of  a  ton  of  caoutchouc  prepared  with  caustic  soda  is  about 
$120  silver.  Mr.  Marx  considers  the  process  of  the  maceration  of 
the  raw  material  and  the  extraction  of  the  caoutchouc  by  the  action 
of  vapor  in  an  alkaline  solution  to  be  the  best. 

It  seems  that  the  mechanical  processes  now  employed  do  not  sat- 
isfy all  of  the  conditions  to  be  desired.  They  are  cheaper,  but  pro- 
duce an  inferior  grade  of  caoutchouc,  which  brings  in  the  German 
market  3.50  marks,  as  compared  with  5.50  marks  for  the  product 
produced  by  the  chemiciil  process. 

The  companies  are  endeavoring  to  eliminate  the  27  per  cent  of 
fibrous  substance  and  the  greater  part  of  the  resin  contained  in  the 
guayule  tivated  by  the  mechanical  process.  Trials  have  been  made 
in  the  ust»  of  the  bagasse  as  a  fuel  in  the  production  of  motive  power, 
but  it  has  been  proven  that  the  use  of  this  material  quickly  injures 
the  boilers.  The  resin  will  probably  be  separated  from  the  fiber  and 
used  as  a  by-i)roduct,  and  the  wood  residue  utilized  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  paiKr.  The  bagasse  from  guayule  treated  with  caustic  soda 
contains  a  certain  ])ercent«ge  of  caoutchouc  that  it  has  been  impos- 
sible to  sei)arate. 

Dry  guayule  stalks,  which  were  formerly  worth  $15  silver  i^er  ton, 
delivered  at  the  factory,  now  bring  from  200  to  250  francs.  The 
price  of  guayule  caoutchouc,  whicli  wa^  fixed  at  Is.  Gd.  for  the  first 
shipments  of  1905,  gradually  rose  to  2s.,  2s.  Gd.,  and  3s.  in  August, 
lOOG.  At  that  time  the  price  fell  in  New  York  to  25  cents  a  pound, 
a!id  3  marks  per  kilogram  in  Hamburg  on  account  of  speculations 
of  the  Continental  Rubber  Company.  Since  then  guayule  caoutchouc 
has  rapidly  increased  in  value,  and  the  best  grade  recently  brought 
G5  cents  a  pound  in  New  York,  and  uj)  to  5.75  marks  per  kilogram 
in  Hamburg.  In  May  last  0  tons  of  guayule  caoutchouc  was  sold  in 
Antwerp  at  5  francs  per  kilogram.  The  prices  vary  from  4  to  6.25 
francs  according  to  grade. 


COCOA    PREPARATION    IN    DIFFERENT    COUNTRIES.  47 

From  an  industrial  standpoint  guayiile  is  a  plant  producing  caout- 
chouc of  a  special  kind,  the  raw  product  being  soft,  more  or  less 
sticky,  due  to  the  presence  of  a  certain  quantity  (sometimes  a  consid- 
erable quantity)  of  resin,  is  difficult  to  preserve  and  slow  to  vulcanize. 
It  is  necessary  to  thoroughly  understand  the  manipulation  of  guayulo 
caoutchouc  to  purify  and  use  it  immediately  after  the  drying  process 
is  completed.  The  present  grades,  freed  from  two-thirds  of  the  resin- 
ous contents,  make  a  product  very  similar  to  Panama  caoutchouc,  for 
wliich  it  may  be  mistaken. 

Guayule  is  a  useful  product  permanently  established  in  the  market, 
the  value  of  which  will  increase  in  accordance  with  the  improvements 
in  the  processes  of  extraction.  The  guayule  plant,  however,  is  not 
as  plentiful  as  was  originally  supposed,  and  while  the  factories  may 
have  a  sufficient  quantity  of  it  to  supply  their  demands  for  the  next 
few  years,  it  can  only  be  permanently  supplied  to  them  through  culti- 
vation, and  the  problem  of  cultivating  this  plant  has  been  but  little 
studied  up  to  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Olsson-Seffer,  as  well  as  the  "  Tropical  Life,"  believe  that 
guayule  cultivation  can  not  be  successfully  carried  on  on  dry,  unirri- 
gated  lands.  An  experiment  made  by  Mr.  Hoffmann  in  transplant- 
ing the  guayule  plant  into  irrigated  furrows  shows  that  80  per  cent 
of  the  plants  lived  and  developed,  as  compared  with  25  per  cent  when 
transplanted  on  dry,  unirrigated  land. 

In  the  problem  of  cultivation  the  two  principal  factors  to  be  con- 
sidered are  soil  and  climate.  Mr.  Endlich  thinks  the  proper  soil  for 
the  cultivation  of  the  guayule  plant  should  contain  from  20  to  30  per 
cent  of  calcareous  matter  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of  humus  to  lessen 
evaporation  and  induce  the  rapid  growth  and  development  of  this 
useful  rubber-producing  shrub. 


COCOA  PREPARATION  IN  DIFFERENT  COUNTRIES. 

The  following  extraets  from  an  article  by  Ivor  Etheringtox  aro 
reproduced  as  of  value  in  the  present  status  of  the  cocoa  market : 

^*  The  most  important  process  in  the  cocoa  industry  is  the  fermenta- 
tion and  curing  of  the  bean,  since  upon  this  treatment  largely  depends 
the  quality  and  price  of  the  product.  In  countries  where  cocoa  is 
cultivated,  different  methods  are  employed  in  the  treatment  of  the 
pod.  When  the  ripe  cocoa  is  gathered  the  bean  is  placed  in  suitable 
piles  near  the  factory  so  that  it  can  be  hulled.  The  pericarp  or  cap- 
sule containing  the  bean  is  then  cut  with  a  knife  and  the  seeds, 
together  \^"ith  the  pulp  by  which  they  are  surrounded,  are  placed  in 
baskets.     When  more  than  one  varictv  of  cocoa  is  cultivated  on  a 


48         TNTERNATTONAI.    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

plantation,  the  beans  of  tlie  diffepent  varieties  should  be  kept  separate 
to  be  fermented  and  cured. 

*'The  object  of  the  fermentation  is  to  remove  the  saccharine  pulp 
that  surrounds  the  seed,  to  improve  the  color  of  the  cocoa,  to  better 
the  general  condition  of  the  seed  for  the  purpose  of  crushing  it,  to 
harden  the  shell  of  the  grain,  to  improve  the  flavor  of  the  bean,  and 
lastly,  to  avoid  rust.  It  should  be  added  that  the  fermentation  of  the 
seed  is  not  absolutely  essential.  Cocoa  of  a  dark  purple  color,  and, 
which  has  a  bitter  flavor  not  fermented,  is  the  kind  most  in  demand  in 
some  markets.  Nevertheless,  some  of  the  best  cocoa  kno^na  to  the 
trade  has  l>een  more  or  less  fermented.  In  Ceylon  cocoa  is  thoroughly 
fermented. 

^^In  a  word,  fermentatiim  is  a  process  for  the  seasoning  of  the  cocoa 
in  its  own  juice.  In  Nicaragua  the  fermentation  is  carried  on  for  two 
or  three  days,  while  in  Guatemala  and  Salvador  about  half  of  this 
time  is  used*.  In  vSurinam  six  or  seven  days  are  employed  in  tliis 
process,  and  owing  to  this  fact  a  superior  (juahty  of  cocoa  is  obtained 
which  has  ])ecome  famous.  In  X'enezuela  the  fermentation  takes 
place  in  l)ags  exposed  to  the  sun  during  the  day  and  allowed  to  sweat 
during  the  night,  while  in  Mexico  holes  are  dug  in  the  ground,  the 
cocoa  is  placed  thenun,  covered  with  banana  leaves,  and  allowed  to 
ferment.  There  are  inany  cultivatoi^s  of  this  product  in  Trinidad 
Island  who  do  not  fornient  tlieir  cocoa,  but  they  have  now  commenced 
to  adopt  this  treatment. 

''The  pn)cess  of  fermentation  may  be  carried  on  in  the  open  air, 
in  a  liouso  or  shed,  or  in  special  ]>oxes  or  tanks.  This  method,  how- 
ever, may  be  dispensed  with  and  tlie  fermentaticm  effected  by  plac- 
ing the  l>eans  in  piles.  In  onh^  to  ferment  uninformly  each  pile  the  . 
seeds  should  1)0  turned  over  daily  and  then  re-covered  for  the  pur- 
pose of  repealing  tlie  operation.  The  heat  of  the  mass  thus  formed 
increas(\s  gradually  and  should  not  l)e  allowed  to  become  excessive, 
as  it  may  impair  the  quahty  of  the  jiroduct.  The  average  tem- 
[)erature  f<;r  the  purpose  of  fenn<^ntati(ui  may  be  cimsidered  to  be 
from  ;]r)^(\  to  40°  C. 

'•Aft<'r  fermentation  the  cocoa  should  be  hashed  to  remove  the 
s(H^<l  from  the  j)ulp.  The  operati<m  of  wasliing  is  carried  on  with 
greater  efliciency  iu  places  where  ranning  water  can  be  utilized. 
Water  tanks  may  also  ]n^  used  and,  in  some  instances,  machinery 
may  be  employed  to  remove  the  seed  and  (»l>tain  an  entirely  clean 
grain.  The  American  markets  do  not  require  the  washed  cocoa, 
but  in  (lermany  and  England  the  clean  grain  is  preferred.  In  Nicar- 
agua the  coci)a  is  not  washetl,  but  in  Salvador  and  Guatemala  this 
process  is  coming  into  vogue.  It  is  said  that  the  delicate  flavor  of 
the  cocoa  produced  in  Central  America  is  due  to  the  washing  process 
employ(Hl  in  that  country. 


ARGENTINE    BEPUBLIC.  49 

"The  seed  sboxild  be  extracted  after  the  fermentation  whether  the 
bean  is  washed  or  not.  The  operation  of  drying  is  really  the  curing 
of  the  cocoa  and  should  be  effected  with  the  greatest  care  by  means 
of  the  heat  of  the  sun  or  artificial  heat  in  houses  especially  con- 
structed for  that  purpose  having  warm  rooms  or  chambers.  Tlie 
curing  causes  the  seed  to  acquire  a  brown  or  chocolate  color,  varying 
according  to  the  species  of  cocoa  and  the  conditions  of  the  locality. 
In  all  cases  the  drying  should  be  slow  and  last  at  least  tluree  or  four 
days,  according  to  the  intensity  of  the  fermentation  to  which  the 
seeds  are  subjected.  The  curing  is  very  important  in  preparing 
cocoa  for  the  market  and  should  always  be  effected  with  great  care 
and  skill.  The  cured  seeds  are  classified  according  to  size,  quaUty, 
appearance,  and  the  color  of  the  grain.  The  light-colored  grain  has 
a  better  flavor,  but  in  some  markets  there  is  a  great  demand  for  the 
dark-colored  grain. 

"In  some  countries  special  methods  are  employed  for  the  purpose 
of  giving  luster  and  color  to  the  grain.  In  Venezuela  red  earth  is 
used,  in  western  India  different  substances,  such  as  starch,  annatto 
seed,  red  ocher,  and  red  earth  or  clay.  When  the  grain  acquires 
sufficient  luster  it  is  placed  in  bags  and  sent  to  the  market.'^ 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

FOBEION  COHMEBCE,  NINE  MONTHS  OF  1007. 

The  Statistical  Office  of  the  Argentine  Government  has  issued  its 
regular  bulletin  /'£7  Comercio  Exterior  Argentino^^  covering  the  for- 
eign trade  of  the  Republic  during  the  first  nine  months — January  to 
September — of  the  year  1907.  Import  values  for  the  period  are 
placed  at  $202,835,218  gold,  showing  an  advance  of  S5,5 10,7t)4  as 
compared  with  the  same  nine  months  of  1906;  exports  figure  for 
$240,878,611,  showing  a  gain  of  $16,247,350  over  the  corresponding 
period  of  the  preceding  year.  Dutiable  imports  are  quoted  at 
$128,184,517,  and  free  at  $74,650,701,  and  gold  and  silver  figure  for 
$23,440,946.  On  the  export  list,  dutiable  items  were  valued  at  $868, 
while  free  exports  aggregated  $240,877,743,  and  gold  and  silver  sliii> 
ments  Tvere  worth  $281,750. 

From  the  above  figures  it  is  noted  that  the  balance  of  trade  in  favor 
of  the  Republic  amoimted  for  the  nine  months  in  reference  to 
838,043,393,  while  imports  of  gold  and  silver  exceeded  exports  by 
$23,159,193. 

In  the  distribution  of  imports  by  countries  of  origin,  the  United 
Kingdom  heads  the  list  with  $71,964,236,  followed  by  Germany, 
$32,131,549;    the  United  States,  $26,476,423;    France,  $18,447,927; 


50         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Italy,  $17,577,375;  Belgium,  $11,471,881;  Brazil,  $5,371,957;  Spain, 
$5,191,250;  Uruguay,  $1,874,291;  Austria-Hungary,  $1,731,721; 
the  Netherlands,  $1,162,333;  Paraguay,  $983,143;  Chile,  $313,955; 
Bolivia,  $105,457,  and  Africa,  $15,997. 

Included  under  the  general  classification  of  "Other  countries  of 
origin'' are:  Australia,  $44,418;  Canada,  $687,141;  Colombia,  $2,493; 
Cuba,  $386,964;  China,  $404,409;  Denmark,  $38,744;  Ecuador, 
$23,528;  Egypt,  $1,103;  Greece,  $31,555;  Guatemala,  $689;  Japan, 
$147,764;  Mexico,  $3,622;  Norway,  $336,171;  Persia,  $547;  Peru, 
$531,843;  Portugal,  $208,287;  French  Colonies,  $6,875;  Dutch  Colo- 
nies, $30,039;  British  Colonies,  $2,641,515;  North  American  Colo- 
nies, $9,855;  Roumania,  $1,675;  Russia,  $261,815;  Salvador,  $708; 
Dominican  Republic,  $287;  Sweden,  $280,076;  S\^dtzerland, 
$1,567,371;  Turkey,  $30,044,  and  Venezuela,  $9,633. 

As  compared  with  the  first  nine  months  of  1906,  increased  imports 
with  their  respective  valuations  are  noted  from  the  following  coun- 
tries: Germany,  $3,617,968;  the  United  Kingdom,  $2,803,301;  Bel- 
gium, $2,262,096;  Austria-Hungary,  .$545,587 ;  Uruguay,  $520,521; 
Brazil,  $598,085;  Paraguay,  $84,318,  and  Bolivia,  $10,862. 

A  decline  in  import  values  is  noted  as  follows :  In  regard  to  France, 
$2,216,698;  Italy,  $1,009,397;  the  United  States,  $719,829;  Spain, 
$358,155;  Chile,*^  $132,410;  the  Netherlands,  $27,344,  and  Africa, 
$5,265. 

As  a  receiver  of  Argentme  ex])orts  during  the  nine  months  of  1907, 
the  United  Kingdom  stan<ls  first,  having  taken  values  amounting  to 
$40,561,378,  followed  by  Germany,  $28,784,527;  France,  $28,351,594; 
Belguim,  S24,637,8S2;  Brazil,  $10,388,686;  United  States,  $8,627,941; 
the  Netherlands,  $3,526,970;  Italy,  $3,283,705;  Uruguay,  $2,839,833; 
Chile,  $1,586,677;  Africa,  81,326,650;  Spain,  $1,287,154;  BoUvia, 
$543,853;  Austria-Hungary,  $521,492.  and  Paraguay,  $117,139. 

''Otlier  countries''  of  destination  include:  Cuba,  $217,811;  Den- 
mark, $89,238;  Norway,  $1,061,144;  Peni,  $90,613;  Portugal, 
$25,401;  Frencli  Colonies,  $664;  British  Colonies,  $45,197,  and 
Sweden,  8665,149. 

Exports  to  the  following  countries  show  the  increases  noted:  The 
United  Kingdom,  $9,300,538;  Belgium,  $5,027,366;  France,  $3,711,702; 
Brayil,  $1,598,683;  the  Netherlands,  $1,189,856;  Austria-Hungary, 
$480,051 ;  Chile,  $430,984,  and  Bolivia,  $246,076. 

Decreased  export  valuations  are  noted  as  follows:  To  Africa, 
$1,957,171;  the  United  States,  $1,701,312;  Italy,  $1,526,770;  Uni- 
giun',  $977,049;  Spain,  $574,033;  Germany,  $399,408,  and  Paraguay, 
$17,709. 

Imports  for  the  nine  months  of  1007  establish  a  record  for  the  ten 
years'  period  1898-1907,  while  exi)orts  were  exceeded  during  that 
time  only  in  190o,  when  they  figured  for  $247,110,133. 


ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 


51 


The  official  estimate  of  the  year's  import  trade  is  placed  at 
$268,655,917  as  compared  with  $269,970,521  in  1906,  while  exports 
are  estimated  at  a  valuation  of  $318,622,501  against  $292,253,829  in 
the  precedmg  year. 

Imports  for  the  nine  months  of  1907  show  the  following  classifica- 
tions and  values  with  the  respective  gains  or  losses  noted,  as  com- 
pared with  the  corresponding  period  of  1906: 


Articles. 

Li v«'  animals 

Food  substHUcos 

Totjacco  and  manufactures 

Wines  and  liquors 

Textiles 

Oils,  etc 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products. 

Paints  and  dyos 

Woods  and  manufactures 

Paper  and  manufactures 

Leather  and  manufactures 

Iron  and  steel  and  manufactures 

Other  m'^tals 

Agricultural  implem<^nts 

Vehicles  and  parts  thereof 

Ceramic  products 

Building  materials 

Electrical  appiiauccs 

Other  articles 


Nine  njonthe- 

Co'mporiaon 
Witt  IDW, 

im. 

$Ul&Sr4n 

-      fcM,  177 

H4gS,52e 

-J-  l.<^.3.'» 

3,331,241 

-    m,  171 

8,t^,272 

-      122,<]05 

36,774.a32 

'  7,292,130 

S,  70^.  485 

+       153,479 

^J5&.4r^ 

+      r.3.  mo 

1.090. 4S0 

-      77  Am 

4,142,71U 

+         99,639 

a.  860. 1508 

-»-       <ii0,903 

JpMlMlS 

-      259,532 

2t,BS1,35B 

^  3,CM5,906 

*,0»S,033 

-      972.i505 

10,405,(^4 

'  1.3(M,407 

40,704,872 

+  1(^370,779 

H.8.'5a,fl,=V2 

'      412,056 

ia,784,4B2 

+      im,MO 

a,4S7,013 

4-      387.  IM 

bAm,B5& 

+        47,210 

Export  classifications  and  comparisons  for  the  two  periods  were 
as  follows: 


Articles. 


Nine  months, 
1907.  I 


Comparison 
with  1906. 


Animal  products 

Agricultural  products 

Forest  products 

Mining  products 

Products  of  the  chase. 
Various 


188, 246,  .566 

-$1,464,958 

146,406,061 

+  19,524,731 

3,966.755 

-      805, 130 

490, 619 

+       302, 712 

609..')6.5 

92, 7a5 

1,159,045 

-  1,217,240 

FBEE  ENl^Y  FOB   MINING   AND    METALLXJIIGICAL   MACHINEBY. 

An  Argentine  law  dated  September  30,  1907,  exempts  from  cus- 
toms duty  during  a  period  of  ten  years,  machinery,  tools,  and  mate- 
rials necessary  for  the  installation  and  working  of  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical establishments  which  may  be  erected  or  which  actually  exist 
in  the  RepubUc.  The  law  also  covers  machinery,  tools,  and  mate- 
rials for  well  boring. 

In  order  to  obtain  the  exemption  in  question,  the  interested  per- 
sons must  apply  in  writing  to  the  custom-house  through  which  it  is 
desired  to  effect  the  importation.  The  charges  involved  in  the  veri- 
fication of  the  materials  wdll  be  for  the  account  of  the  applicant. 


52        INTERNATION.iL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN   REPUBLICS, 
INTEKNAIi-BEVENTJE  KECEIPTS,  NINE  MONTHS  OF  1007. 

Argentine  revenues  from  internal  taxes  during  the  first  nine 
months  of  1907  amounted  to  $31,493,006.17  paper  and  $21,641  gold, 
as  compared  with  $28,744,276.68  paper  and  $19,634.16  gold  during 
the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year. 

RAILWAY  ROLLING  STOCK,  1007. 

The  Argentine  Minister  of  Public  Works  has  prepared  a  statement 
showing  the  rolling  stock  in  the  service  of  the  various  railway  com- 
panies of  the  Republic  at  the  close  of  1907  as  demonstrating  their 
ability  to  meet  the  requirements  of  moving  the  crops. 

The  capacity  of  the  roads  and  their  respective  increases  as  com- 
pared with  1906  were  as  follows: 


Rojul. 


Freight    ('^nacltv .  ^"  **"^ 
Icjcomo-    ^o?c^^;i>|     of  hi. 


!  I 

I       TOTIS,      I 

Great  Sou  them r>44  :    218.200  iaS2 

Western 277       IW.OOO  '         27.S0 

Rosaiio ;  2o0  .     145.000;  17.85 

(Yntrul  Argentine 

Pacific 

Great  Wcsteni 

Aiidlne 

Frovinee  Suntu  Fo 

Centrnl  CordobH 

Cordobn  and  Rosjjrio 

Nationnl  ('enlfiil  Northrni 

North  Ai^cntine 


205  in. 000            28.19 

135  140.000  i          22.80 

ItiS  (».)J(X)            05.50 

23  11.940            11.40 

112  .-iO.OOO              5.12 

95  33.000  -    24.00 

3.3  11.840  i    46.30 

148    .53.800  ■ 

38  .   19.250  


The  State-owned  lines  show  no  in(  rease. 

The  grain  sheds,  etc.,  at  st  tit  ions  belonging  to  the  railways  and  to 

individual  owners  have  a  total  capacity  of  795,455  square  meters. 

This  does  not  inchuh^  sheds,  warehouses,  and  elevators  at  terminal 

stations  or  ports  which  have,  taken  togrether,  a  capacity  of  2,266,421 

tons. 

CROP  ABE  AS  SOWN  IN  1907. 

Tho  returns  showing  definitely  the  areas  sown  in  wheat,  linseed, and 
oats  thn)Ughout  the  Argentine  Kepui)Iic  in  1907  have  been  issued  by 
the  Statistical  Office  of  the  Agricultural  Department.  They  vary 
slightly  from  the  estimates  pn^viously  [niblished,  the  wheat  area 
being  27,()()()  h(ctans  (2.471  acres)  less,  lin^ved  24,0{)()  hectares  more, 
and  oats  42, ()()()  iKcfan^i  more. 

Tlu^  comparative  figures  showing  the  1007  and  V.»00  areas  arc  as 
follows: 


UH)7.  lOCB. 

I   Ihifiirfft.  Iff^arrf, 

Wlioat       .'..  7.V.I.  '.K7  5.fW2.  171 

[.inso-*! l.ii-.M.-;*.:  1. 000. 21ft 

0„iM     2^4.0'«S  76.M0 


ABGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 


53 


BANK  STATEMENT,  SEPTEMBER  30,  1907. 

A  communication  received  from  the  Department  of  Foreign  Rela- 
tions of  the  Argentine  Republic,  dated  October  30,  1907,  contains  a 
statement  published  by  the  Minister  of  Finance,  showing  the  situation 
of  15  of  the  Argentine  banks  on  September  30,  1907.  Their  total  de- 
posits on  that  date  amounted  to  $27,660,970  gold,  and  $726,997,077 
paper;  discounts  and  loans,  $37,890,804  gold,  and  $735,520,948  paper; 
cash  on  hand,  $39,580,616  gold,  and  $247,913,453  paper. 

Following  is  the  statement  referred  to : 


Banks. 


Deposits, 
Gold. 


.\iigio  Sud  Amerteano 

AJemiln  TransatULntico 

BiitAjiico  de  ia  America  del  i 

Stid 

Cr6dito  Araentino 

Espafiol  del  Rfo  do  la  Plata. . 
Fnae^  del  Rio  de  la  Plata... 

Galicia  y  Buenos  Aires 

GermAnlco  dc  la  America  del 

8ur 

Habilitador 

Italia  y  Rio  de  la  Plata | 

Londres  y  BrasLl 

Londres  y  Rfo  de  la  Plata.... 

Naci6n  Argentina 

Niievo  ItaUano I 

Popular  Argentino 

Popular  Italiano 

Provincia  de  Buenos  Aires.... 


S1,040,GS9 
1, 477, 778 

1,319,518 

3,29» 

1,870.254 

5,288,882 

12,162 

1,520,621 


2,191,288 

568,616 

6,346,973 

3,707,274 

495,588 

217, 199 


Paper. 

$7,929,889 
28,286,563 

32,022,208 

2,499,235 

114,056,960 

43,377,944 
4,573,610 

3,072,029 

130,909 

j  68,744,077 

8,438,343 

122, 476, 580 

204,610,481 

21,939,309 

7,973,826 


1,601,829     56,265,414 


Total 27,660,970   726,907,077 


Discounts  and  loans.  <       Cash  on  hand. 


Gold. 


l*aper. 


$1,061,089   $23,260,704 
5,234,010     29,819,705 


3,827,381 

7,016 

2,3l2,57(k 

6,302,046 

43,8(57 

1,482,080 


27,638,896 

2,726,652 

87,567,259 

45,238,034 

5, 733, 532 

7,584,849 
212. 795 
53, 646, 500 
"  182,607 


3,560,238 
2, 790, 490 

7,154,408  I  77.196,810 

1,329,630  ;'286, 124.205 

1,166,946    191,107,914 

3,229  ;  14,128,990 


Gold. 


$280,399 
1,273,717 

1,089,986 

3,762 

2,066,987 

3,606,230 

85,725 

918, 342 


4,085,657 

479, 707 

5,293,775 

19,164.572 

546,229 

160,874 


,015,748  I  48.351.430 


7,890,804  ,735,520,948 


Paper. 

$2,344,530 
6,982,400 

8,090,334 

815,736 

40, 134,  456 

12, 717, 195 

1,509,048 

4,475,517 


12,826,146 
2,813,418 
42,929,780 
87,997.727 
3,832,271 
3,229,800 


17,215.095 
247,913,453 


EXPORTS,  FIRST  TEN  MONTHS  OF   1907. 

Argentine  shipments  of  native  products  during  the  first  ten  months 
of  1907  were  as  follows,  as  compared  with  the  same  period  of  the  pre- 
ceding year: 


IfiOT. 


L9D«L 


&dt. ........>.. ..do.. .J  i,»a,i]e3 

HuraeliEdi!*: 

Mt .-»„., do.. .,[       34,333 

fiflir ..,.. do.,„  4,;S3 

TiiUoTr,„,. ..]4PM„I        24,791 

Do ...„..,0i3lE«.J        7l|301 

Do ,.hii^smdA.J     m,m 

{•nat^kinB... bftl««.j         2,<%a 

Woi^l do...  J      aTS.OM 

WlMhl.. tout..   2fSI4,Ui 


2,144,319 

U14H 

14,73ti 

'  3,749 

I7,9ra 

8,23li 
J?2,»l 


iam. 

Lin*«d .  _ .  - , do, , . 

Flour.,.  *„,,.....,-.. do.  ■. 

Btah ......do... 

I'nUttnls. ...........  hd^a. 

OUeeed ... do... 

Hny,,. \)&U-ii, 

9  W'brncho  „,,,..,.  .tona. 
QufihrEicbo  extract .  .do. . . 
Butttr.,  _,,,.„, .  ,case€. 

Mutton  caroiitteti. No. 

Beef.  .._.„.., .  .quflrti-rs, 
Ortta ....tou3. 


1907. 


1^111,335 
107.301 

142.S84 

■17^.  151 

bfi,712 

J, 435.  Ml 
l^.j>l£ 


LWM^ 


l,:i2U,tM.i3 

241.  asi 

HO. 001 

i,b73.iai 


54         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   RBPUBLIOS,     * 

SUGAB  PRODUCTION  OF  TUCUMAN,  FIVE  MONTHS  OP  1007. 

The  statistics  of  the  sugar  production  in  Tucuman  during  five 
months  of  1907 — May,  June,  July,  August,  and  September — show  a 
decrease  compared  with  those  of  the  same  months  of  1906.  The  pro- 
duction during  the  months  under  comparison  was  as  follows: 


1906.     I      1907. 

._._ .       I 

Tens.  Tens. 

Mttv : 330  463 

Jurio.* 15,829  j        19,883 

•f  uly 30,348  .        29, 169 

•  A upust 27, 187  ,        26, 534 

SoptoiiilKr 16,928  I        12,282 

Total 90,728  88.291 

The  diiroreiice  against  1907  is,  therefore,  of  2,437  Ions.  This 
decrease  was  due  to  the  frost,  which  caused  a  great  deal  of  damage 
in  the  plantationp,  an  advance  in  the  prices  of  sugar  being  a  conse- 
quence thereof. 

NICKEL  COINAGE. 

The  Executive  of  the  Argentine  Republic  has  authorized  the 
coinage  of  2,553, 7S1  pesos  in  nickel  ])ieces  to  complete  a  total  of 
12,000,000  pesos. 

The  Minister  l^lenipotentiary  of  the  Republic  in  London  has  been 
directed  to  j)urchase  5,000,000  disks  for  the  20'Centavo  pieces, 
11,022,000  for  the  10-ccniavo  j)ieces,  and  9,093,787  for  th«  5'Centavo 
pieces. 

GRANARIES  IN  THE  PORT  OF  BUENOS  AIRES. 

For  the  pari)ose  of  avoiding  the  congestion  of  trallic  in  the  Port 
of  Buenos  Aires,  during  tlie  cereal  shipping  season,  the  Minister  of 
Agri^-iilture  of  th(»  Argentine  Republic  has  submitted  to  the  National 
Congress  a  l)ill  providing  for  the  c()n:.;truction  of  temporary  granaries 
witli  a  total  capacity  for  100,000  tons.  When  the  unloading  of 
cereals  can  not  be  made  directly  from  the  cars  to  the  ships  within 
the  twenty-four  hours  allowed  by  law  tlu^  resi)ective  cargoes  shall 
be  dc^^osited  in  the  granaries.  The  loading  of  ships  from  the  gran- 
ari(*s  will  be  maile  by  means  of  elevators. 

With  a  cai)a<  ity  of  100,000  tons  and  su})posing  that  the  maximum 
tim(»  allowed  for  storage  is  from  fifteen  to  twenty  days  it  will  be 
practicable  to  (le|)osit  in  said  granarii\s  during  the  first  seven  months 
of  active  shipping  about  1,000,000  tons  of  cereal. 


BRAZIL. 


55 


BRAZIL. 


FOREIGN  COMMEBC2,  NINE  MONTHS  OF  1007. 

Statistics  of  the  foreign  commerce  of  Brazil  for  the  nine  months 
of  January  to  September  of  1907  show  total  imports  valued  at 
468,559:983$  ($147,000,000)  as  compared  with  337,984:983$ 
($114,500,000)  in  the  same  months  of  1906,  and  exports  figured  for 
669,286:556$  ($210,500,000)  as  against  498,691:572$  ($168,500,000) 
in  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year.  An  increase  in 
imports  is  thus  reported  of  over  $32,000,000  and  in  exports  of 
$42,000,000  for  the  1907  period,  and  the  trade  balance  in  favor  of 
the  Republic  advanced  from  $53,000,000  in  the  first  nine  montha 
of  1906  to  $63,000,000  in  the  same  months  of  1907. 

The  bulk  of  this  trade  balance  is  to  be  credited  to  the  first  seven 
months  of  the  year  1907,  as  during  August  and  September  a  shrinkage 
in  the  values  of  the  two  staples  of  export — coffee  and  rubber— caused 
a  decline  in  the  export  lists  as  compared  with  the  same  months  of 
1906.  On  the  oihet  hand  imports  during  the  two  months  in  refer-^ 
ence  continued  to  advance,  owing  to  the  demand  for  machinery  and 
materials  required  for  the  numerous  and  important  public  worka 
under  construction  in  the  Republic. 

CUSTOMS  RECEIPTS,  NINE  MONTHS  OF  1907. 

Customs  receipts  at  the  various  custom-houses  of  the  Brazilian 
Republic  for  the  nine  months,  January-September,  1907,  aggregated 
218,555$000  ($72,123,150),  as  compared  with  175,177$000  ($57,808,- 
410)  in  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year,  an  increase  of 
over  $14,000,000  being  thus  indicated. 

ESTABLISHMENT  OF  A  NEW  AGKICULTUBAL  BANK. 

According  to  a  decree  of  November  28,  1907,  the  President  of  Bra- 
zil  is  authorized  to  promote  the  formation  of  a  Central  Agricultural 
Bank  to  provide  capital  and  credit  for  agriculture,  capitalized  at 
$10,000,000  (30,000 :000$000). 

IMPORTS  OF  COTTON  GOODS,  FIKST  HALF  OF  1907. 

The  following  figures  show  the  imports  of  cotton  manufactures  in 
Brazil  for  the  first  half  of  1907 : 

[Value  In  paper  mUreiji.] 

Quantity. 


Goods. 


Cotton  thread 

Cottons: 

Bleadied 

Unbleadied 

Printed 

Colored 

Unqwdfked 

24181— Bull.  1—08-^ — 5 


Value. 


190G. 


Kilos. 
245,804 

1,053,702 

65,540  , 
1,052,U40  I 
1,125,033 
1,332,033  I 


I 


1907. 

190C. 

KUos. 
347,498  1 

927,602  i 

107,817 

1,193,388  ; 

1,154,917  ' 

2,100,727  1 

473,088 

2,874,990 
132,096 
3,649,543 
3,762,703 
4,507,908 

1907. 


767,658- 

3,021,801 
250,930 
4,469,341 
5,845,670 
8,284,541 


56 


INTERNATIONAL   BUREAV    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


CALCIUM  PHOSPHATE  DEPOSITS. 

It  is  reported  that  in  the  municipal  district  of  Rio  Novo,  State  of 
Minas  Geraes,  extensive  beds  of  tribasic  calcium  phosphate  have  been 
discovered,  yielding  12  i  per  cent  of  phosphoric  acid. 

JAPANESE  IMMIGRATION. 

The  government  of  the  State  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  has  entered  into  a 
contract  with  the  Japanese  Emigration  Company"  for  the  introduction 
of  Japanese  immigrants  and  the  establishment  of  colonies  at  Imbe, 
Macahe,  and  Itaborahy.  By  the  terms  of  the  contract  the  company 
will  mark  and  divide  the  lots,  build  the  houses,  and  furnish  the  colo- 
nists with  agricultural  machinery  and  implements,  as  well  as  food, 
until  their  first  crops  have  been  harvested. 

The  State  of  Sao  Paulo  is  also  negotiating  with  the  same  company 
for  the  introduction  into  that  State  of  3,000  Japanese  immigrants. 

EXPORTS   FROM    THE  PORT    OF  MANAOS,   FIRST    HALF   OF   1007. 

The  following  tabic  gives  the  ex})orts  from  the  port  of  Manaos  for 
the  first  half  of  1907: 


Articles. 


Rubl)er  of  nil  kinds kilos. . 

Bniul  nuts ln-cK'ntors. . 

Cflffto kilos. . 

Pinssava do 

Heron  feathers grmms. . 

Wood motors. . 

Copnalba  oil kil<»s. . 


j  Quantity. 


A,  419.  TJMi 

(ttiK  <»7() 

12,  (^M 

S,  ,3iO 

10 
rA7 


Articles. 


Oxhidns: 

Dry kilos. 

Unciirpd do. . . 

DitTskins do. . . 

Sheepskins do . . . 

J  aguarskins do. . . 


Quantity. 


4,216 

136,  GO 

.     466 

84 

3 


The  total  value  of  the  exports  was  33,725,727  milreis  (about 
$10,117,718). 

MISCELLANEOUS  NOTES. 

According  to  information  received,  work  is  progressing:  rapidly  on 
the  highway  connecting  the  seats  of  tlie  three  administrative  divisions 
into  which  the  Acre  Territory  has  been  divided — Alto  Jurua,  Alto 
Purus,  and  Alto  Acre.  The  road  should  be  completed  by  the  end  of 
the  current  year.  Tt  is  l)eing  solidly  built  with  the  view  of  running  a 
line  of  automobiles  between  the  three  points  mentioned.  It  is  cal- 
culated that  the  trip  between  Alto  Junia  and  Alto  Purus  can  be  made 
by  automobile  in  fifteen  days,  and  from  Alto  Purus  to  Alto  Acre  in 
two  days.  When  completed  this  road  will  undoubtedly  give  a  great 
impulse  to  the  development  of  this  rich  territory. 

By  a  decree  of  December  7,  1007,  the  Ciovernment  has  created  a 
custom-house  at    Sao  Francisco,  in  the  State  of  Santa  Catharina. 

The  International  Kadiotelegraphic  Convention  was  approved  by 
*he  Brazilian  Congress  on  November  8,  1907. 


'     CHILE.  57 

» 

By  a  decree  of  October  3,  1907,  the  railway  from  Passo  Fundo,  the 
terminal  of  the  Santa  Maria  Railway,  to  the  Uruguay  River  has  been 
incorporated  with  the  railways  to  be  built  and  managed  by  the  "CWi- 
pagnie  Auxiliaire  de  Chemins  de  Fer  au  BresU,^^ 

The  Brazilian  Government  approved  on  November  6, 1907,  the  two 
protocols  signed  at  Caracas  on  December  9,  1905,  providing  for  the  de- 
marcation of  the  boundary  between  Brazil  and  Venezuela  as  deter- 
mined by  the  treaty  of  May  5,  1859. 

A  decree  dated  November  6,  1907,  approves  the  protocol  signed 
on  December  12,  1906,  between  Brazil  and  the  Republic  of  Uruguay. 


CHILE. 

RECEPTION  OF  THE  MINISTEK  OF  CHILE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Sefior  Don  Anibal  Cruz,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Pleni- 
potentiary of  Chile  near  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  was 
received  in  his  capacity  as  such  by  President  Roosevelt  on  November 
16,  1907.     On  presenting  his  credentials  Sefior  Cruz  spoke  as  follows: 

"Most  Excellent  Mr.  President:  I  have  the  honor  to  place  in 
Your  Excellency's  hands  two  autograph  letters  of  His  Excellency 
the  President  of  the  Republic  of  Chile.  One  terminates  the  mission 
filled  by  the- honorable  Sefior  Walker-Martinez,  the  other  accredits 
me  in  the  character  of  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary near  Your  Excellency's  Government. 

"The  mission  with  which  I  am  intrusted  by  my  Government  has 
for  its  main  purpose  the  strengthening  of  the  relations  which  happily 
exist  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Chile.  For  the 
accomplishment  of  this  purpose,  which  constitutes  the  most  earnest 
desire  of  the  Chilean  people  and  Government,  I  cherish  the  hope  that 
Your  Excellency  will  bestow  upon  me  the  benevolent  reception  you 
have  vouchsafed  to  my  predecessors. 

"In  the  name  of  my  Government  and  in  my  own,  I  form  most 
sincere  wishes  for  the  personal  happiness  of  Your  Excellency  and 
your  collaborators  and  for  the  prosperity  and  greatness  of  the  United 
States  of  America.'' 

The  reply  of  President  Roosevelt  was  as  follows: 

"Mr.  Minister:  I  am  pleased  to  welcome  you  as  the  newly 
accredited  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 
Republic  of  Chile  near  this  Government,  and  to  receive  fi^om  your 
hands  the  letter  of  credence  which  you  present  in  that  capacity.  I 
also  accept  the  letter  whereby  your  esteemed  predecessor's  with- 
drawal is  announced. 

"The  expression  of  your  purpose  to  aid  in  strengthening  the 
friendly  relations  now  existing  between  the  United  States  of  America 


58        INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS, 

and  the  Republic  of  Chile  gives  me  especial  pleasure,  and  I  assure 
you  Mr.  Minister  that  I  shall  be  glad  to  extend  to  you  by  every 
means  at  my  command  my  active  assistance  in  maintaining  and 
perfecting  those  friendly  relations. 

"  I  thank  you  for  your  kind  words  for  myself  and  I  beg  you  to  con- 
vey to  Ilis  Excellency  President  Montt  an  expression  of  .my  earnest 
wishes  for  the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  himself  and  the  Chilean 
people.  I  shall  take  eariy  occasion  to  make  to  His  Excellency 
President  Montt  direct  acknowledgment  of  yoiu*  predecessor's 
letter  of  recall. 

"I  trust  that  your  so j urn  here  may  be  as  agreeable  to  yourself  as 
I  feel  confident  it  will  prove  satisfactory  to  both  Governments.'' 

TKANSANDINE  KAILWAY  BEPOKT  FOB  1006. 

The  report  of  the  Chilean  Transandine  Railway  Company  (Lim- 
ited) for  1906,  submitted  to  the  directors  on  November  21,  1907, 
states  that  the  first  section  of  the  line  from  Los  Andes  to  Jimcal,  a 
distance  of  51  kilometers  (nearly  32  miles)  was  accepted  and  taken 
over  from  the  contractors  by  the  Government  on  June  30,  1906, 
and  an  issue  of  £278,100  5  per  cent  debentures  was  made  to  provide 
in  part  for  payment  for  this  section. 

It  is  anticipated  that  the  second  section,  from  Juncal  to  Portillo, 
will  be  completed  by  February,  1908,  following  which  the  contract- 
ors will  concentrate  their  efforts  on  the  final  section. 

For  the  accommodation  of  the  traveling  public  two  stations,  one  at 
Juncal  and  the  other  at  Los  Andes,  are  under  construction  by  the 
Transandine  Construction  Company  (Limited)  and  the  joint  con- 
necting lines  of  the  Argentine  Kepubhc. 

RAILWAY  NOTES. 

The  '^Diario  OficiaV  of  September  14,  1007,  contains  a  notice  to 
the  effect  that  application  has  been  made  by  the  Director  of  the 
"  Socicdad  Francesa  de  CTianaraV  for  permission  to  construct  a  railway 
from  the  company's  f oimdr}'  at  Clianaral  to  the  mines  of  Cerro  Negro. 
The  extent  of  the  line  will  be  oo  kilometers  (a  little  over  34  miles) 
and  will  provide  for  Ww  (ran^i)ort  of  from  50  to  100  tons  of  goods 
ilaily. 

Decrees  issued  on  September  10  authorize  the  following  enter- 
prises: Don  Domingo  Otaegii,  or  the  company  which  he  may  rep- 
present,  to  ccmstruct  and  exploit  an  electric  railway  from  the  fiscal 
depots  of  the  port  of  Valparaiso,  throuj^jh  La  Laguna,  to  La  Placilla 
or  Penuelas;  also  to  construct  and  exploit  in  La  Laguna  Bay  a 
wharf  for  the  ladinj^  and  unladintr  of  <]:oo(ls,  a  dockyard,  and  a  dry 
dock. 


CHILE.  59 

The  '*Diario  OfidaV^  for  September  27,  contains  a  notifioation  to 
the  effect  that  the  President  of  the  Republic  is  authorized  to  hold  a 
public  competition  for  the  construction,  at  a  cost  not  exceeding 
$480,000,  of  a  railway  to  unite  the  towns  of  Ancud  and  Castro  in 
the  province  of  Chiloe. 

Wharfage  and  warehouse  construction  at  Caleta  de  Luquen  is  also 
authorized  in  the  same  '  ^Diario.^^ 

SALT  DEPOSITS  OF  THE  KE?UBLIC. 

The  salt  deposits  of  Chile  are  said  to  be  the  greatest  in  the  world. 
The  Salar  Grande  mine  in  the  province  of  Tarapaca,  about  60  miles 
south  and  east  of  Iquique,  covers  an  area  of  80,000  acres  to  the  depth 
of  25  feet.  This  body  of  salt  is  nearly  pure  and  contains  more  than 
14,000,000,000  tons,  or  enough  to  supply  the  world's  demands  for 
many  decades.  There  are  several  other  deposits  in  the  interior  that 
cover  two  or  three  times  the  area  of  the  above. 

BOUNTY  FOR  THE  EXPORTATION  OF  FLAX. 

The  President  of  the  Chilean  Republic,  under  date  of  October  25, 
1907,  submitted  to  the  National  Congress  a  bill  for  the  protection  of 
the  flax  industry  of  the  country,  providing  as  follows : 

*'SoLE  SECTION.  The  President  of  the  Republic  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  pay  a  bounty  per  metric  quintal  (220.46  pounds)  of  flax 
produced  and  manufactured  in  the  country  and  exported  through 
the  custom-houses  of  Talcahuano,  Valdiyia,  Puerto  Montt,  and 
Ancud. 

**This  bounty  shall  be  paid  for  a  period  of  twelve  years  in  the 
following  manner:  During  the  first  six  years,  10  pesos  of  18  pence  per 
metric  quintal  of  swingled  flax,  and  16  pesos  of  18  pence  per  metric 
quintal  of  dressed  flax,  and  during  the  six  remaining  years,  6  pesos 
of  18  pence  per  metric  quintal  of  swingled  flax  and  8  pesos  per  metric 
quintal  of  dressed  flax. 

**The  total  amount  of  the  bounties  thus  paid  shall  not  exceed 
100,000  pesos  in  the  first  four  years,  150,000  pesos  in  the  following 
four  years,  and  200,000  pesos  in  the  remaining  years. 

**  Persons  desiring  to  enjoy  the  benefits  of  this  law  shall  comply 
with  the  conditions  prescribed  by  the  President  of  the  Republic.'* 

TREASURY  LOAN  FLOATED. 

On  September  16,  1907,  the  Chilean  Government,  represented  ky 
its  ^linister  Plenipotentiary  in  London,  entered  into  a  contract  with 
Messrs.  N.  M.  Rothschild  &  Sons  for  the  floating  of  the  loan  of 
£1,100,000,  which  will  be  issued  in  treasury  bonds  payable  at  the 
banking  house  of  said  firm  in  London,  on  March  24,  1909. 


60        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 
PABCELS  POST,  1902—1906. 

According  to  official  data  recently  received  from  Chile,  the  increase 
of' the  importation  of  parcels  post  during  the  five  years  from  1902  to 
1906  was  as  follows: 

I   Value  of 

v,x..  r  parcels  Revenues 

^  '**'^-  portt  :  deri^-ed. 

rweived.  | 

Prsw.     '  Pe909. 

1902 tW2.381         135,4ti3 

1903 839.742  :      118.902 

1904 893,440  :      194.752 

1905 877,»ie        300.421 

1900 1.112,965         349.808 


CrCTSTOMS  RE  VENUES,  FIRST  EIGHT  AND  NINE  MONTHS  OP  1907. 

The  custom-houses  of  the  Cliilean  Republic  collected  during  the 
first  eight  months  of  the  year  1907  a  total  revenue  of  70,117,153.75 
pesos  ($23,372,384.58),  as  against  61,839,096.89  pesos  ($20,613,232.29) 
collected  in  the  same  period  of  1906,  an  increase  of  8,277,456.86  pesos 
($2,759,152.29).  The  sum  collected  in  August,  1907,  was  9,082,- 
241.81  pesos  ($3,024,080.27),  compared  with  6,782,166.82  pesos 
($2,260,722.27)  in  the  same  month  of  1906. 

The  revenue  collected  during  the  first  nine  months  of  1907  amounted 
to  78,371,977.96  pesos  ($26,123,902.65),  as  compared  with  68,963,- 
529.72  pesos  ($22,987,843.24)  of  the  same  months  of  1906,  an  increase 
of  9,408,448.24  pesos  ($3,136,149.41).  In  the  month  of  September, 
1907,  the  revenue  collected  was  8,254,824.21  pesos  ($2,418,274.73),  as 
against  the  sum  of  7,123,832.83  pei^.os  ($2,341,277.61)  in  the  same 
month  of  1906. 


COLOMBIA. 

STATUS  OF  THE  RUBBER  INDUSTRY. 

United  States  Consul  I&aac  A.  Manning,  of  Cartagena,  Colombia, 
makes  the  following  statements  in  regard  to  the  nibber  industrj'  in 
the  Itepublic: 

There  is  but  little  increase  in  the  output  of  rubl>er  in  Colombia, 
though  the  establishment  of  i)lantations  is  extending.  Reliable  par- 
ties state  tliat  along  the  river  Bando  there  are  400,000  nibber  trees, 
and  200,000  trees  along  the  Arquia.  In  the  Siiiu  Valley  there  aresaid 
to  be  at  least  1,000.000  trees  in  plantations  and  of  these  only  a  very 
small  numlx^r  are  yet  l)eing  tapi)ed.  \Mien  all  these  rubber  plantations 
reach  the  age  when  the  trees  can  be  tapixnl,  the  output  of  Colombia 
will  not  be  so  dei>endent  on  the  wild  trees  and  the  Indian  rubber 
hunter.     The-Government  is  also  taking  precautions  to  protect  the 


COLOMBIA.  61 

wild  rubber  in  the  forests  and  thus  prevent  the  total  destruction  of 
the  wild  trees,  which  are  now  frequently  cut  down  arid  ^'sapped''  to 
the  last  drop  or  tapped  and  allowed  to  bleed  so  long  that  the  tree 
dies  for  lack  of  sap. 

Many  new  experiments  are  being  tried,  and  among  them  is  that 
of  planting  small  trees,  cutting  them  down  annually  and  pressing 
the  rubber  from  them,  allowing  the  stump  to  remain  and  rosprout. 
Thus  a  great  many  trees  may  be  planted  on  a  small  tract  of  ground, 
making  cultivation  easy,  but  the  results  are  yet  to  be  determined. 
There  is  a  question  whether  the  rubber  is  of  equal  quality  with  that 
of  the  mature  tree,  or  whether  the  yield  will  be  sufficient  to  make  it  a 
profitable  business.  The  outcome  of  this  experiment  is  being  watched 
with  interest  by  other  rubber  planters. 

The  question  of  yield  per  tree  of  the  planted  rubber  is  yet  an  open 
one.  Under  a  general  questioning,  rubber  planters  will  promise  a 
pound  of  rubber  to  the  tree,  but  a  planter  who  has  charge  of  a  large 
plantation  on  the  Sinu  River,  and  who  has  just  tapped  14,155  trees, 
approximately  8  years  old,  and  including  some  old  trees  of  the  nat- 
ural forest,  reports  a  yield  of  1,121  pounds  of  clear,  dry,  pressed  rub- 
ber. From  this  result  the  yield  of  a  rubber  tree  after  it  has  reached 
its  ei^th  year,  where  tapping  is  carefully  made  with  a  view  to  pre- 
serving the  life  of  the  tree,  is  estimated  at  4  ounces  of  pure,  clear 
rubber.  This  rubber  was  treated  by  straining  to  take  out  all  foreign 
substance,  then  coagulated  in  water,  and  pressed  carefully,  so  that  as 
much  of  the  water  as  possible  was  taken  out.  It  was  then  dried  for 
a  week,  with  the  foregoing  result. 

Other  planters  who  seem  to  estimate  results  on  what  the  wild  rub* 
ber  has  been  known  to  yield,  insist  that  the  yield  from  a  fully  grown 
or  an  8-year-old  rubber  tree  should  be,  if  properly  developed  and 
cared  for,  at  least  a  full  pound  of  dr}',  pure  rubber.  In  Colombia, 
at  least,  this  is  all  matter  for  further  study  and  experimentaticfn. 

The  exports  of  rubber  from  the  port  of  Cartagena  during  the  past 
five  years  have  at  least  added  to  the  income  of  the  country,  having 
been  666,170  kilograms  from  January  1,  1903,  to  October  1,  1907, 
slightly  more  than  one-half  going  to  the  United  States.  The  total 
shipments  for  1906  were  159,580  kilograms,  and  in  the  first  nine 
montlis  of  1907,  136,680  kilograms. 

THE  COTTON  INDUSTRY  AT  CARTAGENA. 

United  States  Consid  Isaac  A.  Manning,  of  Cartagena,  reports 
that  imder  the  protective  duty  of  34  cents  American  gold  per  kilo- 
gram (2J  poimds)  on  cotton  goods  of  the  character  manufactured 
by  the  Fahrica  de  Tejidos  de  Cartagena,  that  factory  seems  to  be 
prospering. 


62         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF-  THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

The  plant  occupies  a  ground  space  of  58,126  square  feet,  the  factory 
being  one  story,  and  gives  employment  generally  to  160  employees,  all 
natives  of  this  country,  including  the  superintendent  and  chief 
engineer.  The  factory  consumes  only  Colombian  cotton,  and  its 
present  output  is  1,000  pieces  (40  yards  each)  per  month  of  cotton 
drill.  The  machinery  is  all  of  English  make,  with  the  exception  of 
one  American  cotton  gin.  There  are  6,116  spindles,  and  104  looms, 
and  the  factory  consumes  about  80,000  kilograms  of  ginned  cotton 
per  annum. 

The  cotton  is  produced  principally  in  the  Department  of  Bolivar, 
the  factory  paying  2 J  to  4  cents  per  pound,  delivered,  for  the  \m- 
ginned  cotton,  which  makes  the  cost  about  12  cents  American  gold 
per  poimd  for  the  ginned  cotton.  The  cotton  seed  is  exported  princi- 
pally to  England,  while  the  cloth  is  sold  entirely  in  Colombia.  The 
drill  sells  for  an  average  of  9  cents  per  yard,  which  means  a  total  out- 
put of  $40,000  to  $45,000  per  annum. 

The  laborers  are  principally  women  and  girls,  although  some  men 
and  boys  are  also  employed.  The  average  wage  is  40  to  50  cents  per 
day.  The  factory  has  a  total  daily  capacity  of  2,000  yards,  although 
it  never  runs  to  its  full  capacity,  closing  down  at  night.  The  fac- 
tory is  prepared  to  turn  out  shirtings,  muslins  (unbleached),  and 
other  cotton  goods  of  this  character,  but  it  finds  the  drill  the  most 
profitable. 

Notwithstanding  the  output  of  the  local  factory  and  of  two  others 
in  the  interior  of  the  country  the  importation  of  cotton  cloths  of  all 
kinds  through  this  port  during  the  half  year  ended  June  30,  1907, 
reached  the  amount  of  403,825  kilograms  in  weight,  of  which  263,952 
camo  from  England,  and  185,425  from  the  United  States,  the  rest 
from  Italy  (25,383),  Germany  (0,061),  Spain  (6,633),  and  France 
(3,371). 

REGULATIONS  FOB  THE  NAVIGATION  OF  COLOMBIAN  BIVEBS. 

The  new  regulations  governing  the  navigation  of  the  Magdalena 
and  other  Colombian  rivers  as  recently  promulgated  provide  for  the 
payment,  among  other  charges  on  navigation,  of  S2  gold  per  ton  on 
foreign  goods  and  SI  (m  native  goods.  Provisions  are  exempted  from 
payment  of  the  duty  in  question. 

FBEE  ENTBY  FOB  COBN  AND  BICE. 

In  accordance  with  a  decree  of  the  President  of  the  Colombian 
Republic  dated  December  5,  1907,  the  free  importation  of  maize  and 
rice  at  Atlantic  i)orts  is  extended  until  May  1,  1008.  This  measure 
is  taken  as  a  result  of  the  shortage  of  the  crops  in  reference  through- 
out the  Kepublic,  owing  to  the  ravages  of  the  locusts.  A  subsequent 
decree  declares  the  provisions  effective  from  February  1,  1908. 


COLOMBIA.  63 

THE  FISHING  nn>USTRY  AND  ITS  POSSIBILITIES. 

Regarding  various  marine  supplies  of  the  Colombian  coast,  United 
States  Consul  Manning  writes  from  Cartagena,  that  the  opportunities 
for  deep-sea  fishing  on  this  part  of  the  Colombian  coast  seem  well 
worthy  of  consideration,  especially  if  it  be  true  that  the  supply  of 
deep-sea  fish  hardly  equals  the  demand  in  the  United  States.  Green 
turtles  are  found  here  in  large  numbers  and  are  constantly  on  sale 
in  the  local  market.  They  are  said  to  be  of  excellent  quality,  but  no 
effort  is  made  to  export  them.  The  fish  market  of  Cartagena  is 
famous,  and  displays  as  delectable  fishes  as  are  taken  frqm  the  sea 
at  any  place  in  the  world.  It  is  claimed  that  on  the  fishing  banks 
here  are  found  great  quantities  of  Spanish  mackerel,  jewfish,  red 
snapper,  tarpon,  and  many  other  valuable  market  fishes.  There  was 
at  on#  time  a  fish  cannery  here,  which  achieved  but  little  success, 
probably  through  poor  management,  etc.  With  the  establishment 
of  a  cold  storage  plant  at  Cartagena,  now  under  concession,  fish 
could  be  easily  shipped  to  the  markets  of  the  United  States  by  im- 
mediate transfer  from  the  cold  storage  here  to  cold  storage  aboard 
ship. 

The  bay  of  Cartagena  is  rich  in  sponge  beds  and  the  local  fishers 
for  sponges  find  some  fine  in  quality  and  large  in  size.  These  are 
taken  and  handled  in  a  crude  way  by  the  ''bumboat^'  men  only, 
and  sold  alongside  vessels  in  the  harbor,  no  effort  being  made  to 
export  them  in  a  businesslike  manner.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
the  great  quantities  of  mother-of-pearl  found  here,  and  some  practical 
effort  to  develop  this  industry  might  be  successful.  Lobsters  abound 
and  are  said  to  be  of  excellent  quality.  A  small  oyster  is  taken  in 
the  bay,  but  it  has  little  value  as  a  food  product  and  no  merchantable 
value. 

The  hawkbill  turtle,  '^sea  tortoise,"  or,  as  locally  known,  ^^carey,'' 
is  found  in  abundance,  and  local  venders  are  to  be  seen  alongside 
every  ship  arriving  offering  articles  for  sale  made  from  this  shell. 
Combs,  hair  ornaments,  etc.,  are  made  in  fancy  and  fantastic  shapes, 
and  the  coloring  and  marking  of  the  shell  in  some  cases  is  beautiful, 
little  of  this  is  exported,  although  it  seems  that  a  practical  effort  to 
develop  this  trade  or  industry  would  be  profitable. 

TABIFF  MODIFICATIONS. 

Government  decrees  modifying  tariff  duties  in  Colombia  from  Jan- 
uary 4,  1907,  to  May  10,  1907,  were  as  follows : 

V'Diarib  Oflcial  '  No.  12844,  of  January  12,    1907.] 

By  virtue  of  the  present  resolution,  St.  Raphael  wine  shall  be  com- 
prised in  Class  IV  of  the  tariff,  by  assimulation  to  red  wines. 


64        INTERNATIONAL  BUB32AU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 
V'Dlario  Oflcial"  No.  12841).  of  January  18,  1907.1 

Wooden  rollers  with  perforated  paper,  for  pianolas  and  other  like 
instruments,  are  included  in  Class  VI  of  the  tariff  as  parts  of  organs 
and  pianos. 

['•  Diario  Oftvhtl  "  No.   12840,  of  Jiiiiuary  IS,  1U07.] 

Articles  manufactured  in  the  countrj'^  with  foreign  raw  materials, 
or  abroad  with  Columbian  raw  materials,  can  not  be  considered  as 
national  products. 

["Diario  Oftcial  "  No.   12N0.O.  of  January  28,   1!)07.] 

Articles  manufactured  in  the  country  with  foreign  raw  materials 
manufacture  are  exempt  from  imi^ort  duty,  i.  e.,  phosphides  and 
superphosphate  of  limo,  namely,  [)hosphate  treated  with  sulphuric 
acid;  i^otash  salts,  namely,  chloride  of  potash,  known  in  industry  as 
muriate  of  potash,  sulphate  of  potash,  and  kainite;  nitrated  :fertili- 
zei*s,  namely,  nitrate  of  soda  and  sulphate  of  ammonia,  calciocyana- 
niide  or  cyanamide  of  lime,  also  called  nitrogenated  lime;  sulphate 
and  bisulphide  of  carbon,  and  bitumen  or  varnish  for  waterproof 
cardboard,  or  tropeiiol. 

Art.  2.  Fencing  wire  is  exempted  from  the  surtax  of  70  per  cent; 
but  this  shall  only  be  applied  by  tenths,  in  conformity  with  the  pro- 
visions of  article  '205  of  the  Constitution. 

Parafjrapli,  Subsection  ?>  of  the  sole  article  of  the  decree  Xo.  1026, 
of  August  28,  11)00,  is  repealed  by  article  1  of  the  present  decree. 

l"  Itliiiit,  ufuinl  "  No.  12XIU.  of  March  2,   11)07.] 

Duty-free  admission  of  samples  covers  not  only  samples  of  tissues 
in  small  cuttings,  l)ut  also  all  goods  such  as  paper,  cardboard,  leather, 
enameled  iron,  sheet  ghiss,  whether  tinned  or  not,  save  that  the  ssime 
must  be  imported  in  very  small  pieces;  that  they  can  not,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  customs  administrator,  l>e  us<»d  for  any  purpose  whatever, 
and  that,  in  conformity  with  \\\o  tariif,  they  are  not  to  enter  in  a 
quantity  exceeding  '2.")  kilogram-;. 

["  liiarh,  (tJUinl"  No.    12sl'7.  «if  rohruary  r».   liM>7.J 

Sole  article.  From  the  dale  of  publication  of  the  present  decree 
of  Harranc|uilla  for  use  in  connection  with  the  electric  lighting,  the 
public  market,  and  the  numbering  and  designation  of  the  streets  of 
the  said  town  are  exempted  from  payment  of  imiKU't  duty. 

Pamffvaph.  The  materials  refiuTed  to  shall  be  also  exempted  from 
I)ayment  of  the  tax. 

{"  liUirU,  Oficial  "  No.  12sSm.  of  IVJiruary  1J».   1(»U7.] 

Sole  article.  From  the  date  of  i)ubli(ation  of  the  present  decree, 
customs  duties  on  the  importation  of  good.s  through  the  port  of 
Tumaco  shall  be  paid  in  silver  at  the  stanilard  of  0.8*5;"). 


COLOMBIA.  66 

Paragraph.  The  present  decree,  which  shall  be  communicated  to 
the  administrator  of  customs  at  Tumaco  by  telegraph,  does  not  affect 
decree  No.  717,  of  June  16,  190G,  under  which  the  duties  applicable 
to  goods  imported  at  Pasto  are  leviable  in  silver. 

V*Diario  Ondal"  No.  12926,  of  April  18,  1907.] 

Sole  article.  Pending  the  circulation  of  gold  throughout  the 
country  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  law  No.  59  of  1905, 
importation  of  national  and  foreign  silver  coins  of  the  standard  of 
0.900  is  allowed  through  the  ports  of  Tumaco,  Buenaventura,  Ipiales, 
Arauca,  and  Cucuta,  provided  they  have  not  ceased  to  be  legal  tender. 

Paragraph,  The  provisions  of  articles  14  and  16  of  the  law  No. 
59  of  1905,  are  suspended  from  and  after  the  date  of  publication  of 
the  present  decree  in  the  "  Diario  OfcialP 

["Diario  Oflciar*  No.  12931,  of  April  24,  1907.] 

Article  1.  From  and  after  the  publication  of  the  present  decree, 
the  export  duties  on  precious  metals  may  also  be  paid  to  the  depart- 
mental administrations  of  the  reorganized  revenue. 

Art.  2.  Certificates  of  payment,  issued  by  administrators  of  the 
reorganized  revenue,  will  be  accepted  as  evidence  by  the  customs 
authorities. 

Art.  3.  Firms  or  persons  exporting  gold,  silver,  or  platinum  shall 
duly  produce  to  the  proper  office  of  the  reorganized  revenue  tripli- 
cate manifests  containing  the  following  particulars: 

1.  Marks  on  the  cases,  "  portes^^'^  gold  bars  or  ingots  which  are  be- 
ing exported. 

2.  Number  and  quantity  of  the  packages,  and  numbers  thereon, 
which  are  to  be  different  for  each  trackage. 

3.  Name  of  the  exporter  and  of  the  consignee. 

4.  Place  of  destination  of  the  shipment. 

5.  Kind  of  metal,  stating  its  weight  according  to  the  metrical 
system. 

6.  Amount  for  which  the  consignment  is  insured  or  the  commercial 
value  thereof.  '   - 

Art.  4.  Article  3  of  decree  No.  l'V2S,  dated  Xovember  10,  1905,  is 
completed  accordingly. 

V  Diario   Oficial  '   No.    129?»8.   of  May  U.   1007.] 

TMiereas  the  import  duties  on  goods  introduced  through  the  Buena- 
ventura and  Tumaco  custom-houses  are  lower  than  those  paid  at 
Barranquilla,  and  whereas  owing  to  the  facilities  of  transport  with 
minor  charges  and  customs  duties,  goods  introduced  via  Buenaven- 
tura and  Tumaco  can  be  conveyed  to  the  Departments  of  Tolima  and 
Haila  and  compete  with  those  imported  through  Barranquilla,  to 


66        INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

the  detriment  of  the  customs  revenue  and   of  commerce:  now  it  is 

hereby  decreed  as  follows : 

Article  1.  Goods  conveyed  from  the  Departments  of  the  Cauca 

and  Nariiio  to  or  across  the  Departments  of  Tolima  and  Huila  shall 

be  considered  as  contraband. 

«  *  «  «  *  «  * 

Art.  3.  The  present  decree  shall  become  operative  a  fortnight  after 
its  publication  in  the  "  Diario  OfdalP 

V*  Dlario  Oficial''  No.  12940,  of  May  4,  1907.] 

.  Art.  9.  Natural  or  manufactured  products  of  either  of  the  two 
Eepublics  going  out  through  the  ports  of  the  other  shall  not,  on 
exportation,  pay  other  or  higher  duties  of  any  description  or  denomi- 
nation, be  they  national,  municipal,  or  local,  than  those  which  are  or 
may  be  levied  on  exportation  of  like  natural  or  manufactured  prod- 
ucts of  the  Republic  through  whose  ports  they  are  exported. 

Art.  10.  No  natural  or  manufactured  product  of  either  of  the  two 
Eepublics  shall  be  prohibited  to  be  imported  into  or  exported  from 
any  ports  of  the  other,  but  this  liberty  of  importation  does  not  include 
such  articles  as  are  or  may  be  subject  to  monopoly,  or  the  production 
or  sale  of  whicli  is  or  may  be  reserved  by  law  in  favor  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  either  Republic,  said  articles  being  also  prohibited  if  origi- 
nating from  other  countries. 

Art.  11.  Products  and  manufactures  of  both  Republics  legally 
allowed  to  be  dealt  in,  or  the  production  or  sale  of  which  is  not  or 
should  not  bo  reserved  by  law  in  favor  of  the  Government  of  either 
country — said  products  and  manufactures  being  also  prohibited  if 
originating  from  other  countries — shall  not  pay  any  national  or  mu- 
nicipal tax  on  exportation  or  importation  across  the  respective  land 
frontiers;  nor  shall  such  articles  pay,  on  account  of  transport  or  con- 
sumption in  the  place  of  sale,  other  or  higher  duties  or  taxes,  be  they 
national,  nninicipal,  or  local,  than  are  or  may  be  levied  on  national 
products  or  manufactures  of  the  same  kind.  In  other  words,  neither 
of  the  two  countries  shall  levy  export  duties  upon  its  natural  prod- 
ucts, including  cattle  {''  .sctnorleufcs^')  or  on  manufactured  products 
exported  to  the  other  country,  nor  submit  to  import  duties  produtits 
of  the  same  kind  originating  from  the  other  country. 

As  mentioned  above,  the  mutual  exemption  granted  in  the  pi*esent 
clause  does  not  extend  to  articles  subject  to  Government  rcffie  or 
monopoly  in  either  of  the  two  countries. 

Art.  12.  Natural  or  manufactured  products  of  foreign  nations 
imported  from  one  of  the  two  countries  into  the  other  shall  pay  the 
duties  respectively  chargeable  thereon  under  the  general  tariff. 


COSTA    KICA.  67 

l"7)teWo  OficUA"  No.  12040,  of  May  4.  1907.] 

Permission  is  granted  to  commercial  travelers  to  reexport  their 
samples  through  any  custom-house  convenient  to  them,  on  compliance 
with  the  following  formalities: 

1.  The  customs  administrators  shall  fix  the  import  duties  appli- 
cable to  samples  imported  by  commercial  travelers,  and  suspend  col- 
lection of  the  duties  on  being  furnished  with  a  bond  guaranteeing 
the  payment  of  the  rates  to  the  customs  in  case  the  samples  should 
not  be  reexported  by  the  commercial  traveler  wnthin  twelve  months. 

2.  The  commercial  travelers  shall  keep  the  customs  account  show- 
ing the  import  duties  leviable  on  the  samples  imported  by  them, 
and  exhibit  the  document  to  the  head  of  the  customs  at  the  port 
.si'lected  for  exporting  the  same,  and  thus  enable  him  to  verify 
whether  the  samples  produced  are  the  same  as  those  described  in  the 
import  statement. 

3.  After  verifying  the  weight  of  the  samples,  and  satisfying  him- 
self as  to  the  identity  thereof,  the  customs  administrator  will  cancel 
the  bond  furnished,  and,  if  the  samples  are  not  to  be  reexported 
through  the  same  port  as  the  place  of  importation,  the  said  official 
shall  advise  the  administrator  of  the  custom-house  of  entry  of  the 
samples  to  enable  him  to  cancel  the  bond. 

4.  Failing  the  samples  being  reexported  within  the  prescribed 
time,  the  customs  administrator  shall  proceed  to  collect  the  import 
duties  payable  thereon. 

I"  Dlario  Oflcial  "  No.  12044,  of  May  10,  1007.1 

Sole  ajticle.  The  date  of  entry  into  operation  of  decree  Xo.  47G, 
of  April  22,  1907,  in  reference  to  contraband,  is  postponed  until 
January  1, 1908. 


COSTA    RICA. 

BBCBPnON  OF  THE  SPECIAL  MINISTER  OF  COSTA  RICA  TO  THE 

UNITED  STATES. 

Sefior  Don  Luis  Anderson,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  of  Costa  Rica,  on  a  special  mission  near  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  was  received  in  his  capacity  as  such  by 
President  Roosevelt  on  November  12,  1907.  On  presenting  his 
credentials Sefior  Anderson  spoke  as  follows: 

**Mb.  President:  It  is  due  to  Your  Excellency's  generous  media- 
tion and  that  of  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  United  Mexican 
States  that  a  congress  of  plenipotentiaries  from  the  five  Central 
American  Republics  will  shortly  assemble  in  this  capital  city  on 
behalf  of  civilization  and  the  happiness  of  those  countries,  for  the 


68        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

purpose  of  bringing  to  a  close  their  past  differences  and  of  securing 
forever  the  blessings  ol  a  stable  peace,  under  whose  protectii^  wing 
they  may  continue  their  onward  march  toward  the  realization  of  the 
magnificent  destinies  that  the  virtues  of  their  citizens  and  their 
natural  resources  have  insured  for  them. 

^' Costa  Bica,  wliich  has  the  deepest  affection  for  her  Isthmian 
sisters  and  lives  with  them  in  perfect  peace  and  harmony,  feels  a  great 
sense  of  gratitude  and  appreciation  for  that  noble  and  humanitarian 
suggestion,  because  Costa  Rica  believes  it  to  be  the  surest  means  of 
securing  to  all  the  Central  Ameri<!an  Repubhcs  the  peace  which  she 
now  enjoys  and  which  is  the  key  to  her  present  prosperity. 

*'ily  Govermnent  having  honored  me  with  the  appointment  of 
delegate  to  the  Peace  Conference,  the  President,  Sefior  Gonzales 
VfQUEZ,  has  desired  to  take  advantage  of  my  presence  in  this  capital, 
entrusting  me  with  the  special  mission,  to  nie  both  gratifying  and 
signally  honorable,  of  bringing  to  this  noble  nation  and  its  illustrious 
Chief  Executive  the  cordial  greetings  of  the  people  and  the  Govern- 
ment of  Costa  Rica. 

*^The  marvelous  development  of  the  United  States  which  aston- 
ishes the  world,  their  ever-growing  prosperity  and  the  welfare  of 
their  people,  whoso  destiny  is  felt  in  the  destiny  of  the  human  race, 
are  the  outcome  of  that  worship  for  liberty  and  right  that  the  founders 
of  the  Republic  planted  in  the  heart  of  the  American  people.  It  is 
this  worship  taken  from  your  institutions  and  brought  to  our  coun- 
tries which  constitutes  the  keystone  of  American  confraternity  under 
whose  shadow  all  the  nations  of  the  New  World  live  and  thrive,  love 
and  respect  one  another.  It  is  for  the  sake  of  that  liberty  and 
justice  that  we  desire  that  the  ties  which  bind  together  little  and 
free  Costa  Rica  with  the  powerful  North  American  nation  should  grow 
ever  close. 

*'Tn  placing  in  Your  Excellency's  hands  the  letter  accrediting  me 
as  Envoy  Extraordinarj"  and  Minister  Plenipotentiarj'  in  special 
misvsion  near  the  Govenmient  of  Your  Excellency,  it  is  a  most  pleasant 
duty  to  convey  to  ^'our  Excellency  the  expressiim  of  the  sentiment 
of  affection  and  gratitude  which  the  Costa  Rican  nation  has  for  the 
])eoplc  and  the  Government  of  the  Ignited  States  of  America,  and 
their  best  wishes  for  Your  Excellency's  ])ersonal  welfare." 

The  reply  of  President  Roosevelt  was  as  follows: 

'•Mr.  Minister:  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  receive  you  as  the 
accredited  Envoy  Extraordinary-  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of 
Costa  Rica  on  spt^cial  missiim  to  the  United  States,  the  more  so  when 
that  mission  has  for  its  object  the  doing  of  your  part  to  bring  about 
a  lasting  peace  and  true  brotherhood  among  the  |>eoples  of  Central 
America. 


COSTA    BIO  A.  69 

**I  appreciate  your  acknowledgment  of  the  share  which  this 
Government,  conjointly  with  that  of  Mexico,  has  had  in  bringing 
about  the  conference  that  is  soon  to  assemble  in  this  city,  and  I 
cordially  reciprocate  the  greetings  of  the  people  and  Government  of 
Costa  Rica  which  President  VfguEZ  has  asked  you  to  convey  to  the 
people  and  Government  of  the  United  States. 

''The  maintenance  of  peace  and  prosperity  among  the  nations  of 
Central  America  and  the  promotion  of  friendly  intercourse  and 
neighborliness  between  them  and  this  nation  have  ever  been  dear 
to  the  people  and  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  if  the  work 
of  the  conference  shall  result  in  making  those  de^able  aims  more 
certain  of  realization  we  shall  all  be  entitled  to  a  share  in  the  glory 
of  the  achievement. 

**Mr.  Minister,  your  fame  and  the  zeal  and  ability  that  you  have 
brought  to  the  service  of  your  country  are  known  to  me,  and  I  am 
confident  that  those  same  qualities  will  be  applied  by  you  in  the 
conference  toward  the  attainment  of  the  holy  purposes  that  have 
given  origin  to  it. 

'*In  conclusion,  I  beg  you,  Mr.  Minister,  to  convey  to  President 
ViQUEZ  my  best  wishes  for  His  Excellency's  personal  welfare." 

B8TABLISHXBNT  OF  AQBICTJLTTJBAL  BOARDS. 

For  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  development  of  agriculture  in 
the  Republic,  the  President  of  Costa  Rica,  in  a  decree  dated  Decem- 
ber 2,  1907,  has  ordered  the  establishment  of  agricultural  boards  in 
the  different  cantons,  except  San  Jos6.  These  boards  shall  be  com- 
posed of  seven  members  and  are  placed  under  the  control  of  the 
National  Society  of  Agriculture.  Their  general  powers  and  duties 
ten<I  to  the  promotion  and  development  of  agriculture  in  their  respec- 
tive cantons.  ^ 

LEQISI^ATION  BEGABDING  BANANA  EXPOBTS. 

Mr.  William  Lawrence  Merry,  United  States  minister  to  Costa 
Rica,  writes  from  San  Jos6  in  regard  to  the  export  duty  of  1  cent  gold 
on  each  bunch  of  bananas,  which  was  authorized  by  a  recent  law 
enacted  in  that  Republic,  that  the  large  growing  and  shipping  interest 
involved  declines  acceptance,  mainly  owing  to  certain  changes  which 
may  affect  the  validity  of  its  concessions.  The  minister  adds  that 
'Hhe  law  having  been  enacted  subject  to  such  acceptance  within  sixty 
day.s,  the  relations  of  the  parties  in  interest  remain  as  before,  and 
there  is  at  present  no  indication  that  Congress  will  be  convened  to 
reconsider  the  question/' 


70        INTERJ^ATIpNAL  BURE.W   QF   THE   AMERICAN  REPXT^UCS. 
IMPORTATION  OF  CBUDE  OEL. 

The  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Costa  Rica,  under  date  of 
December  5,  1907,  entered  into  a  contract  with  the  United  Fruit 
Company  whereby  the  latter  agrees  to  import  into  the  coimtry  such 
quantities  of  crude  oil  as  may  be  suflicient  for  the  consumption  thereof 
m  the  Republic.  The  company  shall  sell  the  oil  thus  imported  with 
a  profit  not  exceeding  10  per  cent  on  its  cost.  During  the  term  of 
the  contract,  which  is  twenty-five  years,  the  importation  of  crude 
oil  shall  be  free  of  duty. 

CULTIVATION  AND  MANTJFACTTJBE  OP  FIBERS. 

On  December  7,  1907,  a  contract  was  entered  into  between  the 
Government  of  Costa  Rica  and  Messrs.  M.  Peralta  and  H.  E. 
Bryant,  whereby  the  latter  parties  shall  organize  a  stock  company 
with  a  capital  of  $100,000  gold,  which  may  be  increased  to  $500,000 
gold.  The  object  of  the  company  is  the  cultivation  and  manufacture 
of  fibers.  During  the  term  of  the  contract  the  company  must  culti- 
vate 500,000  plants.  One  year  after  the  approval  of  the  contract  by 
the  legislative  power,  the  concessionaires  shall  establish  in  the  canton 
of  Paraiso  a  complete  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  cordage,  hats,  tex- 
tiles, sacks,  etc.  The  company  shall  manufacture  in  the  country 
fiber,  produced  on  its  plantations  and  by  private  persons  and  shall  sell 
all  its  products  in  the  country,  being  permitted  to  export  only  the 
excess  production.  The  Government  guarantees  to  the  concession- 
air(\s  an  annual  earning  of  6  per  cent  on  the  capital  of  $100,000.  The 
concessionaires  shall  make  a  deposit  of  S5,000  to  guarantee  the  ful- 
fillment of  the  conditions  of  the  contract. 


(TBA. 


CENSUS  OF  THE  REPUBLIC,  1007. 

According  to  the  census  taken  in  1007,  the  report  of  which  was  sub- 
mitted in  Decentber  to  the  Provisional  CJovernor  of  Cuba  by  the  Direc- 
tor-General of  the  Census,  the  population  of  the  llepublic  is  2,028,282, 
wliich  is  thus  distrilmted  among  the  difTerent  provinces,  the  figures  of 
the  census  taken  in  1S09  being  also  given  by  way  of  comparison: 


rrovlnco.  1S99. 


Piimr  ilH  Rio I  173,082 

llavaim 424,8n 

Matunzas 202, 462 

Santa  Clara 356.537 

Caiiiapn'V K8.237 

Or;ont<' o27. 716 


Tot  al 1 .  o72, 845 


1907. 


240.781 
US.  524 
230.805 
457.  W 
U7.4a 
453.782 


2.028,3 


CUBA.  71 

XMMIGBATION  DXJKINQ  1006-7. 

According  to  figures  recently  published  by  the  Statistical  Division 
of  the  Department  of  Finance  of  the  Cuban  Republic,  the  number  of 
immigrants  arriving  in  the  ports  of  the  island  during  the  fiscal  year 
1906-7  was  29,572,  of  which  23,831  were  men  and  5,741  women.  The 
grand  total  is  thus  distributed  among  the  diflferent  nationalities: 

Spaniards 22, 178  |  South  Americans - 143 

British 2,044  j  Mexicans 132 

Americans 1,  907  j  Scandinavians 100 

Porto  Ricans 707  j  Greeks ; 81 

Other  West  Indians 953  j  Austrians 36 

Syrians 294  Portuguese 26 

French 281  [  Oriental  Indians 26 

Turks 264  Dutch 25 

lUlians 215  !  Others 86 

Arabians...: 182  | 

Comparing  the  total  of  1906-7  with  that  of  1905-6  a  decrease  is 
observed  against  the  former  of  23,080,  the  number  arriving  in  1905-6 
being  52,652. 

HAVANA  CUSTOM-HOUSE  RECEIPTS,  1007. 

According  to  figures  published  in  '*  The  Lucha^^  of  Havana  for 
January  2,  1908,  the  customs  receipts  at  the  port  of  Havana  for  the 
year  ending  December  31,  1907,  amounted  to  $20,005,048.12.  For 
the  preceding  year  total  receipts  of  $18,511,296.07  are  recorded. 

APPROPRIATION  FOR  SANITARY  SERVICE. 

A  recent  decree  of  the  Provisional  Governor  of  Cuba  appropriates . 
$350,000  for  the  sanitation  service  in  the  various  municipalities  of 
the  Republic  and  for  the  taking  of  precautionary  measures  against 
yellow  fever. 

CUSTOMS  DECISIONS  IN  REGARD  TO  LOST  MERCHANDISE. 

The  '^Gaceta  OJiciaV^  for  October  19,  1907,  publishes  a  circular  to 
the  effect  that  customs  duties  shall  be  collected  only  on  merchandise 
actually  imported  into  and  discharged  in  Cuba,  and  not  on  merchan- 
dise lost  on  the  voyage  or  off  lighters,  even  though  such  merchandise 
appear  on  the  manifest  or  bill  of  lading.  All  circulars  opposed  to  this 
ruling  are  withdrawn. 

CARGOES  CONSIGNED  <'FOR  ORDERS." 

Provisional  Governor  Charles  E.  Magoon  on  November  7,  1907, 
signed  the  following  decree: 

"  That  the  master  of  a  vessel  laden  exclusively  either  with  coal, 
salt,  tfles  or  bricks  of  clay  for  building  purposes,  consigned  to  one 
24181— Bull.  1-08 6 


72         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

consignee,  arriving  at  a  port  of  Cuba '  for  orders,'  may  be  permitted  to 
destine  such  cargo  or  detennine  its  disposition  '  for  orders,'  upon  enter- 
ing the  vessel  at  the  custom-house,  and,  \vithin  fifteen  days  after- 
wards and  before  the  unloading  of  any  part  of  the  cargo,  to  amend 
the  manifest  by  designating  the  actual  port  of  discharge  of  such 
cargo.  In  the  event  of  failure  to  designate  the  port  of  discharge 
within  fifteen  days  such  cargo  must  be  discharged  at  the  port  where 
the"  vessel  entered.'^ 

TRADE  OF  BANES  AND  NIPE,  1907. 

In  reviewing  the  trade  of  Banes  and  Xipe,  Cuba,  for  the  fiscal  year 
1907,  United  States  Consular  Agent  George  Bayliss,  of  Antilla, 
says  in  part: 

*^The  total  exports  to  the  United  States  amounted  to  $4,885,212 
(which  includes  returned  American  goods  worth  $10,465),  an  increase 
of  $2,913,257,  or  150  per  cent,  over  the  fiscal  j'ear  1906.  Of  the  total 
amount,  Banes  exported  articles  valued  at  $2,047,805  and  Nipe 
$2,837,406  worth.  The  increase  in  commerce  was  mainly  due  to  the 
opening  of  Nipe  as  a  port  of  entry  August  1,  1906. 

"There  has  been  a  slight  increase  over  the  previous  fiscal  year  in  the 
exportation  of  bananas,  notwithstanding  that  the  United  Fruit  Com- 
pany, at  Banes,  which  was  the  largest  exporter  of  bananas  from  Cuba, 
has  ceased  the  culture  of  this  particular  fruit  and  has  planted  instead 
sugar  cane,  because  of  the  latter  being  a  more  profitable  crop.  The 
banana  industry  slioidd  extend  itself  in  Cul)a,  as  the  soil  and  climate 
are  ])artuidarly  adapted  to  the  growing  of  this  fruit.  The  cost  of 
cultivating  a  caballena  of  land  (33i  acres),  as  given  by  the  Cuban 
agricultural  department,  for  five  years  is  $4,894.  The  land  should 
produce  37,000  bunches  of  bananas,  worth  on  an  average  31  cents  per 
bunch,  delivered  at  the  steamer,  which  would  nuike  the  gross  sales 
amount  to  $11,470. 

*'  Then>  has  l)een  a  large  increase  in  the  ex{)ortation  of  cedar  logs  and 
boards.  The  exi)orts  of  pineapples  and  citrus  fruits  have  also  largely 
increased.  The  only  export-;  to  countries  other  than  the  United 
States  were  a  few  cargoes  of  cedar  to  Ciermany  and  2,129,568  gallons 
of  crude  molasses,  valued  at  $49,988,  to  the  Netherlands. 

"The  articles  of  export  to  the  I'nited  States  from  Banes  and  Xipe 
during  the  fiscal  year  1907  were  as  follows: 


Artich's.  Valno.                               ArticIcK.                           ,    Value. 

IJnimnas $•««,  SSI  Orunpps '       t?.335 

hottnls.  ctHlar .'•♦»,  .'lOJ  riiit'app|i'> I7.0n 

Uanl  w«mk1s t».->«.«  Supar S.73Z.3tfl 

Hhl*^ ♦i.4T«»  <Mhrr  ariidi'- 273^297 

Mrtln>piiiv 21.M71                                                                             • 

MoI:issw* ■  27J.'j:i.>                Tul:tl '  4.88\2U 


ECUADOR.  73 

''The  total  imports  into  Banes  and  Nipe  during  the  fiscal  year  1907 
amounted  to  $1,932,901,  of  which  the  United  States  furnished 
articles  worth  $1,821,439;  the  United  Kingdom,  $105,169;  Germany, 
$6,025;  and  other  countries,  $268/' 


ECUADOR. 

A  NATIONAL  EXPOSITION  IN  QTHTO. 

President  Alfaro  on  October  31,  1907,  issued  a  decree  providing 
for  the  celebration  of  a  National  Exposition,  on  a  large  scale,  at  Quito 
to  begin  on  August  10,  1909.  This  date  is  the  centennial  anniversary 
of  the  rising  for  independence  in  South  America,  called  in  the  Spanisli 
**  El  Griio  de  Independencia,'*  (The  Cry  for  Independence)  of  August 
10,  1809.     The  exposition  is  to  be  commemorative  of  the  event. 

The  decree  provides  for  the  building  upon  public  land,  convenient 
to  the  cajMtal  city,  one  large  pubUc  building,  or  national  pavilion, 
together  with  a  number  of  smaller  buildings  suitable  for  the  exposi- 
tion. The  municipal  council  of  the  city  of  Quito  will  provide  for  a 
magnificent  parkway  leading  to  the  exposition  grounds.  The  pre- 
paratory work  of  organization  and  installation  will  be  under  the 
direction  of  a  central  committee  in  Quito  composed  of  30  citizens 
chosen  for  this  purpose  by  the  Government,  which  committee  will 
elect  from  among  themselves  a  board  of  directors.  In  addition, 
each  of  the  provinces  of  the  Republic,  through  the  Government  itself, 
will  constitute  a  local  committee  to  be  subordinate  to  the  central 
committee. 

The  object  of  the  exposition,  aside  from  the  commemorative  and 
historical  features  thereof,  is  to  provide  an  exhibition  of  the  prod- 
ucts, commerce,  industry,  arts,  and  finance  of  Ecuador.  There  is  to 
be  estabUshed  a  special  section  illustrating  the  school  system  of 
Ecuador. 

Perhaps  the  most  important  section  of  the  exposition  will  be  the 
flection  devoted  to  forestry  and  forest  productions.  In  this  \vill  be 
diown  the  native  woods  of  Ecuador,  particularly  the  several  species 
of  the  rubber  tree,  the  method  of  extracting  rubber,  and  its  prepara- 
tion for  the  market.  Cultivation  of  the  rubber  trees,  to  which  par- 
ticular attention  has  been  paid  in  Ecuador,  will  be  fully  illustrated. 
Exhibits  will  be  made  of  the  dyewoods  and  barks  of  trees  and  other 
plants  having  agricultural  properties  and  of  the  trees  suitable  for 
himber. 

There  will  be  exhibits  illustrating  the  ordinary  branches  of  agricul- 
ture, such  as  grain  raising,  the  cultivation  of  textile  fiber  plants  and 
fruits,  Uie  manufacture  of  sugar  and  spirits,  and  the  making  of  wine. 


76         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   BEPUBUCS. 

Puerto  Barrios,  the  distance  to  the  former  being  74.5  miles,  made  in 
five  hours,  and  to  the  latter  104.5,  being  run  over  in  twelve  hours. 

*'The  voyage  from  Guatemala  to  the  Ignited  States  from  Atlantic 
ports  occupies  four  days  and  to  Europe  fifteen  days.  The  Pacific 
coast  of  the  Republic  measures  250  kilometers  and  the  Atlantic  IGl 
kilometers.  San  Jose,  Champerico,  and  Ocos  are  the  Pacific  ports 
and  Puerto  Barrios,  Santa  Tomas,  and  Livingston  those  of  the  Atlan- 
tic. Panzos,  on  the  Rio  Polochic,  and  Gualan,  on  the  Rio  Motagua, 
are  river  ports,  while  Izabel,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  is  also  a 
place  of  importance.'* 

INAUGURATION  OF  THE  NORTHERN  RAILWAY. 

The  opening  of  the  Guatemala  Northern  Railway  (A7  Ferrocaml 
del  Norte),  running  from  Puerto  Barrios  on  the  Atlantic  to  San  Jos6 
on  the  Pacific,  was  formally  accomplished  on  January  19,  1008,  on 
which  date  the  first  train  over  the  line  entered  Guatemala  City  from 
the  Atlantic. 

The  completion  of  this  enterprise,  whicli  was  undertaken  in  1892, 
marks  an  era  not  only  in  the  development  of  Guatemala,  but  also  in 
the  adjacent  countries  of  Central  America,  while  the  port  of  New 
Orleans,  in  the  Tiiited  States,  will  be  brouirht  in  close  touch  with  the 
commerce  of  the  western  coast  of  Nicaragua  and  Salvador,  saving 
eight  days*  sea  voyage  via  Colon. 

A  new  fortnightly  service  between  New  York  and  Puerto  Barrios 
has  also  been  inaugurated  on  the  part  of  the  Tnited  Fniit  Company, 
in  consecjuence  of  the  opening  of  the  road  from  ocean  to  ocean,  the 
voyage  recpiiring  from  eight  to  nine  days,  and  wireless  connection  has 
been  establislu^d  with  Port  l^inion.  the  center  of  distribution  f<»r  Cen- 
tral American  statioiTs. 

For  many  years  the  coflVc  crop  of  (iuatemala  has  been  handled  by 
the  (luatenialaii  Ceiitral  road,  heading  from  Guatemala  City  to  San 
Jose  d(»l  (luateniala.  the  port  of  entry  on  the  Pacific  side,  and  thence 
transfern»(l  to  Pacific  Mail  Liiu*  ships.  These  shipments  liave  gone 
either  to  San  Francisco  for  distribution,  or  else  down  to  Panama  and 
across  the*  Isthmus,  Kngland  iuu\  G<»nnany  being  the  principal 
l)urchasers. 

The  total  length  of  the  line  from  ocean  to  ocean  is  209  miles,  and  it 
was  owing  to  didiculties  in  the  construction  of  the  last  GO  miles  of  the_ 
195  between  Guatemala  City  and  the  Atlantic  that  the  eomplntio 
been  so  long  delayed.     Remarkable  feats  of  engineeriiig  have 
come  the  topographical  conditions,  tunnels  and  bridges  ftinnir 
n  between  comparatively  short  stretches  ol 
In      I,  seventy  bridges  have  been  built,  the  tiirj| 
art  distance  from  (luatemala  City,  one  of 
ravine,  244  feet  ilecp. 


GUATEMALA.  76 

''Foreign  trade  is  developing  and  it  is  anticipated  that  the  opening 
of  the  inter-oceanic  railway  route  from  San  Jos6  on  the  Pacific  to 
Puerto  Barrios  on  the  Atlantic,  a  distance  of  269  miles,  will  greatly 
facilitate  the  transport  of  native  products  to  the  seaboard. 

*'The  railways  in  present  exploitation  are  the  Central,  the  Western, 
Ocos,  Verapaz,  and  Guatemala  lines,  and  the  opening  of  the  Northern 
is  scheduled  for  the  month  of  December,  1907. 

*'The  productions  of  Guatemala  are  abundant  and  varied  to  an 
extraordinary  extent.  In  the  vegetable  kingdoip  are  seen  all  kinds 
of  plants,  flowers,  and  fruits  belonging  to  the  torrid  and  temperate 
zones.  There  are  in  the  country  rich  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper, 
iron,  lead,  zinc,  antimony,  coal,  marble,  sulphur,  mica,  etc. 

*' Agriculture,  however,  constitutes  the  principal  source  of  wealth, 
and  to  its  exploitation  are  devoted  the  greater  part  of  the  invested 
capital.  Owing  to  the  extraordinary  richness  of  the  soil  fertilizers 
are  not  required  and  irrigation  is  rendered  unnecessary  by  the 
abundant  moisture  even  in  th?so-called  dry  season. 

/'  In  certain  of  the  coast  regions  two  or  three  crops  can  be  obtained 
annually  of  the  local  products.  Large  plantations  of  coffee,  sugar 
cane,  cocoa,  bananas,  cereals,  etc.,  are  found,  while  in  the  northern 
departments  many  national  and  foreign  companies  are  engaged  in 
the  exploitation  of  the  forest  products,  comprising  •  an  abundance  of 
fine  woods,  principally  mahogany  and  cedar.  Rubber  planting  is 
also  being  carried  on  with  satisfactory  results. 

*' Manufactures  have  attained  a  noticeable  degree  of  excellence  in 
various  articles.  Certain  woolen  and  cotton  textiles,  furniture,  and 
footwear  of  native  manufacture  equal  in  quahty  the  imported  varie- 
ties. Other  items  of  local  production  are  hats,  saddles,  fiber  articles, 
textures  of  rushes,  earthenware  articles,  pieces  of  sculpture,  musical 
instruments,  soap,  candles,  cigars,  cigarettes,  cheese,  butter,  beer, 
mineral  waters,  ice,  brandy,  etc.  Native  workmen  display  much 
aptitude'  in  learning  new  crafts  and  raw  materials  are  varied  and 
excellent. 

**The  area  of  the  Republic  is  125,000  square  kilometers,  and  the 
population  numbers  2,000,000  inhabitants,  the  density  being  16  per 
square  kilometer. 

"The  physical  aspect  of  Guatemala  is  mountainous  but  well  watered. 
TTie  climate  varies  according  to  height  above  sea  level;  on  the  coasts 
it  is  hot,  on  the  central  plateaus  temperate  and  agreeable,  while  on 
the  heights  it  is  cold.  The  so-called  rainy  and  dry  seasons  are  marked 
by  the  fact  that  during  the  former  it  rains  every  day,  while  during 
the  latter  occasional  rains  are  usual. 

*'The  most  populous  Sections  are  the  south  and  the  west,  Guate- 
mala, the  capital,  containing  100,000  inhabitants.  The  capital  is 
connected  by  railt3rith  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  ports  of  San  Jos6  and 


76         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

Puerto  Barrios,  the  distance  to  the  former  being  74.5  miles,  made  in 
five  hours,  and  to  the  latter  194.5,  being  run  over  in  twelve  hours. 

^^The  voyage  from  Guatemala  to  the  United  States  from  Atlantic 
ports  occupies  four  days  and  to  Europe  fifteen  days.  The  Pacific 
coast  of  the  Republic  measures  250  kilometers  and  the  Atlantic  IGl 
kilometers.  wSan  Jose,  Champerico,  and  Ocos  are  the  Pacific  ports 
and  Puerto  Barrios,  Santa  Tomas,  antl  Livingston  those  of  the  Atlan- 
tic. Panzos,  on  the  Rio  Polochic,  and  Gualan,  on  the  Rio  Motagua, 
are  river  ports,  while  Izabel,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  is  also  a 
place  of  importance.*' 

INAUGURATION  OF  THE  NORTHERN  RAILWAY. 

The  opening  of  the  Guatemala  Northern  Railway  {El  Ferrocarril 
del  Norte)  y  running  from  Puerto  Barrios  on  the  Atlantic  to  San  Jos6 
on  the  Pacific,  was  formally  acccmiphshed  on  January-  19,  1908,  on 
which  date  the  first  train  over  the  line  entered  Guatemala  City  from 
the  Atlantic. 

The  completion  of  this  enterprise,  which  was  undertaken  in  1892, 
marks  an  erajiot  only  in  the  development  of  Guatemala,  but  also  in 
the  adjacent  countries  of  Central  America,  while  the  port  of  New 
Orleans,  in  the  Ignited  States,  will  be  brouii:ht  in  close  touch  with  the 
commerce  of  the  western  coast  of  Nicarajrua  and  Salvador,  saving 
eight  days'  sea  voyage  via  Colon. 

A  new  fortnightly  service  between  New  York  and  Puerto  Barrios 
has  also  been  inaugurated  on  the  part  of  the  Ignited  Fruit  Company, 
in  consecpience  of  the  oj)ening  of  the  road  from  ocean  to  ocean,  the 
voyage  requiring  from  eight  to  nine  days,  and  wireless  connection  has 
been  established  with  Port  Linion,  tlie  center  of  distribution  for  Cen- 
tral American  stations. 

For  many  years  the  coffee  crop  of  Guatemala  has  been  handled  by 
the  (luatemalan  Central  road,  leading  from  Guatemala  City  to  San 
Jose  del  Guatemala,  the  port  of  entry  on  the  Pacific  side,  and  thence 
transferred  to  Pacific  Mail  Line  ships.  These  shipments  liave  gone 
either  to  San  FVancisco  for  distribution,  or  els<»  down  to  Panama  and 
across  the  Isthmus.  England  and  Germany  l)eing  the  principal 
purchasers. 

The  total  length  of  the  line  from  wean  to  ocean  is  209  miles,  and  it 
was  owing  to  difJiculties  in  the  constniction  of  the  last  GO  miles  of  the 
19")  between  Guatemala  City  and  the  Atlantic  that  the  completion 
has  been  so  long  delayed.  Remarkable  feats  of  engineering  have 
overcome  the  topographical  conditions,  tunnels  and  bridges  forming 
connection  between  comparatively  short  stretches  of  straight  track- 
age. In  all,  seventy  bridges  have  been  built,  the  two  most  important 
being  a  short  distance  from  Guatemala  City,  one  of  which  cnisses  the 
Las  Vacas  ravine,  244  feet  deep. 


HAITI.  77 

The  company  under  wliose  auspices  the  road  was  finished  is  headed 
by  Sir  William  Van  Horxe  and  Mr.  Mixor  C.  Keith,  and  the  enthu- 
siastic support  of  President  Cabrera  has  aided  tlie  enterprise  in  every 
way. 

The  Guatemala  Northern  constitutes  the  third  interoceanic  railroad 
line  across  the  countries  of  Latin  America,  and  while  it  is  not  antici- 
pated that  traflGic  will  be  diverted  from  either  the  Tehuantepec  or 
Panama  lines,  the  influence  upon  the  interior  trade  of  Central  America 
will,  it  is  calculated,  be  enormous. 


HAITI. 

ESTABLISHMENT  OF  A  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE. 

A  Chamber  of  Commerce  has  recently  been  established  at  Port  au 
Prince,  Haiti,  to  further  the  commercial,  agricultural,  industrial,  and 
maritime  interests  of  the  countrj\  It  is  organized  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  Haitian  Government  by  a  presidential  decree  dated  Novem- 
ber 30,  1907,  declaring  it  to  be  of  public  utility.  The  President  of 
Haiti  is  honorary  President  of  the  Chamber  and  the  Secretary  of 
State  and  Commerce. honorary  vice-president. 

The  object  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  to  collect  all  informa- 
tion useful  to  commercial,  industrial,  agricultural,  and  maritime  in- 
terests and  to  hold  the  same  at  the  disposition  of  the  interested  par- 
ties; to  suggest  measures  tending  to  maintain,  increase,  and  extend 
the  conmiercial,  industrial,  and  agricultural  relations  of  Haiti  with 
foreign  countries;  to  improve  the  condition  of  commerce,  industry', 
and  agriculture  of  the  country  by  legislative  or  administrative  meas- 
ures relating  to  customs  tari|fs,  commercial  and  maritime  treaties, 
and  to  aid  in  every  possible  way  the  development  of  business  relations 
of  merchants,  manufacturers,  and  farmers  established  at  Port  au 
Prince  not  only  with  foreign  countries  but  with  the  commercial  centers 
and  interior  of  Haiti.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce  will  also  urge  the 
establishment  at  Port  au  Prince  and  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  coun- 
try of  a  permanent  exposition  of  the  products  of  the  soil  and  of  the 
industry  of  the  country  as  well  as  of  the  principal  articles  imported 
from  abroad;  of  a  similar  exposition  of  Haitian  products  in  the  Hai- 
tian consulates  and  commercial,  industrial,  and  agricultural  museums 
abroad. 

Besides  the  appropriation  by  the  Government  of  $1,800  American 
gold,  the  expenses  of  the  organization  will  be  defrayed  by  an  annual 
membership  fee  of  $5  American  gold. 


f 
78         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE  AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

HONDURAS. 

INCREASED  TAX  ON  BANANA  EXPORTS. 

By  decree  of  September  14,  1893,  an  export  duty  of  2  cenUwoB  a 
bunch  on  bananas  exported  from  the  northern  ports  of  Honduras 
was  established.  One  of  the  objects  of  this  tax  was  to  provide  funds 
for  the  construction  of  suitable  wharves  at  these  shipping  points,  as 
the  necessity  for  wharves  at  which  vessels  may  load  and  unload  is 
very  great.  Most  of  the  loading  and  unloading  is  done  from  lighters, 
and  as  a  consequence  freight,  and  bananas  in  particular,  are  much 
damaged  by  bruising  and  by  salt  water. 

Abuses  in  the  handling  of  the  funds  derived  from  the  export  tax 
and  the  inadequacy  of  the  tax  itself  was  the  occasion  for  the  issue 
by  Sefior  Don  Miguel  R.  Davila,  Provisional  President  of  the 
Republic,  on  September  14,  1907,  of  the  following  decree: 

*' Article  1.  The  2  centavos  tax  on  each  bunch  of  bananas  ex- 
ported established  by  article  1  of  decree  No.  30  of  the  14th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1893,  is  raised  to  3  centavos. 

'*Art.  2.  The  funds  available  at  the  treasuries  of  the  different 
municipalities  derived  from  said  tax  shall  be  deposited  in  the  safe 
"of  the  respective  custom-houses. 

'*Art.  3.  Tlie  custom-house  collectors  shall  in  future  receive  the 
total  aggregate  derived  from  said  tax,  opening  a  special  account  to 
that  end,  the  surplus  of  which  shall  be  applied,  as  far  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, to  the  local  expenses  of  primary  education,  and  the  payment 
shall  be  made  in  accordance  witli  the  budgets  and  pay  rolls  furnished 
by  the  municipalities  with  the  approval  of  the  governors  and  the 
remainder  of  the  product  of  the  tax  shall  be  accumulated  ta  be  ap- 
plied to  the  construction  of  the  aforesaid  wharves. 

''Art.  4.  The  present  law  shall  become  effective  on  November 
1st  next,  and  the  Department  of  the  Treasury  is  hereby  authorized 
to  issue  the  necessary  provisions  for  the  compliance  thereof,  and  the 
aforesaid  decree  Xo.  30  of  September  14,  1893,  is  hereby  repealed." 


MEXK^O. 

FOBEIGN  COMMERCE,  FIRST  QUARTER  OF  1007-8. 

According  to  figures  published  by  the  statistical  division  of  the 
Department  of  Finance  and  Public  Credit  of  Mexico,  the  total  value 
of  imports  during  the  three  months  (July  to  wSeptember,  1907)  was 
60,007,390.43  y>r.ms»  ($30,400,000),  as  compared  with  50,091,967.58 
peso.'i  (825,000,000)  in  the  same  months  of  the  previous  fiscal  year, 
an  increase  of  1 0,815,422. S5  pesos  ($5,400,000).  The  exports  were 
valued  at  04,805,036.40  pesos  ($32,000,000),  showing  an  increase  of 


MEXICO. 


79 


11,037,235.66  pesos  ($5,918,000)  in  comparison  with  53,767,800.74 
pesos  ($26,883,000)  during  the  same  period  of  1906-7.  This  in- 
crease in  exports  is  very  notable,  considering  the  fact  that  they  had 
undergone  an  important  decrease  during  the  fiscal  years  of  1905-6 
and  1906-7. 

The  value  of  merchandise  imported  during  the  month  of  Sep- 
tember, 1907,  was  20,906,073.05  pesos  ($10,453,000),  as  against 
18,355,371.25  pesos  ($9,000,000)  in  the  same  month  of  1906,  an 
increase  of  2,550,701.80  pesos  ($1,275,000).  The  exports  in  Sep- 
tember, 1907,  were  valued  at  20,128,669.42  pesos  ($10,000,000),  as 
compared  with  16,343,614.52  pesos  ($8,000,000),  an  increase  of 
3,785,054.90  pesos  ($1,392,000). 

In  the  following  table  are  indicated  the  kinds  of  mercnandise 
received  during  the  period  in  reference,  the  classification  having  been 
made  in  accordance  with  the  import  tariff  in  force,  the  figures  for  the 
corresponding  period  of  1906-7  being  given  for  purposes  of  comparison : 

IMPORTS. 
(Silver  valuation.] 


ArUdcit. 


Animml  BubRtftnces: , . .. 

V49eUkl)k!  iiMbEitance« 

Mineral  aubiitartces. ....... 

Dry  ffaodi ,,,.,.„. .  -* 

Cbcmkift]  flubHtiLnfCs, 

1}rv«r*se» , . . , 

Paper  and  itj  appllcalionfl 
Madkinerv  and  apparatus. 

Vehi-tea._., 

Armi  and  e^loiives.,^.,. 
MiHKlIiUbeoiii...... ,., 

Total  mi|H>Ttii..  


Ffrst  qtuLiler  ot  Qseal  year— 


1907-a 


[ 


Ftsoi. 

4,147.350.10 

S.143,ti0T.OO 

20. 752. 353,  SO 

7, 47:1, 2R4  e«S 

1, 731, 075.  M 
1,547, 25^.53 

e,m.5ii.8i 

1,079,  £83.84 
2,768,80194 


tiO,  907. 300.43 


Ifl06-7. 


i,  742.607. 71 
0*StQ,fKJ8.14 
ie,406.H50.07 
e,2&&,44afiO 
I,048,Ag3.34 
U5liO.S70.0t 
l*255,Oaft,4S 
ft,a47,155.27 
l,709,f^4.0B 
94a.  147.  34 
3,250,114,^(1 


GO,O0t,%7.£iE 


In  accordance  with  the  official  export  classification  the  articles  of 
merchandise  shipped  to  foreign  countries  during  the  periods  in  refer- 
ence were  as  follows : 

EXPORTS. 
[Silver  valuation.] 


Articles. 


U  i  neral  oroduct s : 

OokL 

SUver 

Copper 

Other  mineral  products 
Ve^Btabte  products: 

Cotton 

Robber 

Freeh  DroiU 

Heneqoai 

Giber  prodoeu — 


First  quarter  of  fiscal  year- 
1907-8.         1         1000-7. 


Pesos. 
511,5^3.70 
042, 867. 94 
648.517.55 
009,955.28 

073, 335. 75 
003, 820. 80 
(501,650.00 
343,167.00 
096,250.54 


Pesos. 
5,721,317.12 
21,562,917.27 
7.620,253.98 
1,722,495.08 

92,204.00 

890,917.00 

1,827,409.00 

6,429,097.91 

4,512,183.58 


80        INTERKATIOXAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

EXPORTS— Continued. 


Articles. 


I 


Animal  products 

Manufucture<l  products 
Miscellaneou5 

Total  exportation: 

Precious  metals 

Other  artieles 

Grand  totul 


First  quarter  of  fiscal  year— 


1907-8 


Pesos. 
2,137,351.80 
729, 474.  47 
G47,08a57 


35,554,431.64 
29,250,604.76 


H80o,03&40 


1906-7 


Pesos. 
2,571,304.78 
634,366102 
183^335.00 


37.284,234.39 
26.483.566135 


53.767,80a74 


Following  is  a  resume  of  the  valuations  of  Mexican  imports  during 
the  periods  under  comparison  with  reference  to  their  countries  of 
oririii : 


First  quarter  of  fiscal  yea 
1907-8.  1906-7. 


Pesos. 

Europe 23, 296. 795. 35 

Asia '  436,242.33 

Africa !  25, 523. 73 

North  America I    36, 699, 490. 35 


Central  America. 
South  America . 

West  Indies 

Oceania 


I- 


13.727.65 

389.632.68 

35.147.34 

10.822.00 


Pesos. 

18,422.402.20 

319.894.27 

50.785.30 

31.185.125.18 

8.683.28 

43.0S6.61 

46.179.74 

15.841.00 


Total 60.907.390.43        50,091.967.58 


The  United  States  appear  in  the  import  Hst  at  the  head  of  all  coun- 
tries, the  imports  therefrom  l>eing  valued  at  36,557,312.29  pesos 
($18,278,656.14),  over  half  of  the  total  value  of  imports. 

Germany  heads  the  list  of  European  countries  with  imports  valued 
at  7,569,413.96  pesos  ($3,784,000),  followed  by  Great  Britain,  which 
country  fonnerly  occupied  first  place,  with  6,528,114.99  pesos 
($3,264,000);  France  occupies  the  third  place  with  4,915,814.90  p^^wff 
($2,457,000),  followed  by  Spain  with  1,867,870.81  pesos  ($933,935.40). 

The  valuations  of  exports  during  the  periods  in  reference,  as  re- 
gards the  countries  of  destinatitm,  were  as  follows: 


Country. 


First  quarter  of  fiscal  year- 
1907  S.  1906-7. 


Kurope III.  290. 042. 27 

Asia .'iOO.OO 

North  America 44. 47.'».372. 79 

Central  America  22H.  ia"».9?> 

South  America lft,o:».;» 

West  Indies 7rn,«U9.00  ' 


Peso*. 
16.8811,725.60 


35.tt38.330.54 

262.272.00 

26.985.00 

ft5O.«7.00 


Total «i4.S().-,.aw.40 


53.  TV 


MEXICO.  »  81 

On  the  export  list  the  United  States  appear  also  at  the  head,  being 
credited  with  44,402,475.79  pesos  ($22,201,237.89)  out  of  64,805,030.40 
pesos  ($32,402,518.20),  the  total  value  of  exports.  Of  the  European 
countries.  Great  Britain  receives  the  greater  number  of  exports,  her 
share  being  9,651,701.59  pesos  ($4,820,000),  followed  by  Germany, 
with  5,523,526.99  pesos  ($2,761,000);  France,  with  1,807,648.50  p^sos 
($903,000);  Belgium,  with  1,175,541.19  pesos  ($587,000),  and  Spain, 
with  1,109,074  pesos  ($554,000). 

ECONOMIC  CONDITIONS  AND  OUTLOOK,  1906-1909. 

On  December  14,  1907,  Licenciado  Jose  Yves  Limantour,  Minister 
of  Finance  of  Mexico,  in  accordance  with  his  annual  custom,  sent  to 
the  National  Congress  the  Treasury  statement  for  the  fiscal  year 
1906-7  and  the  budget  statement  embodying  an  estimate  of  revenue 
and  expenditure  for  1908-9,  the  values  being  in  gold  pesos  ($0,498 
IJ.  S.  currency). 

The  normal  revenue  estimate  is  placed  at  $103,385,000  and  the 
total  proposed  expenditure  at  $103,203,824.63,  leaving  a  revenue 
surplus  of  $181,175.37. 

In  commenting  on  the  economic  and  financial  situation  of  the 
country  Minister  Limantour  states  that  at  the  close  of  1906  it  was 
thought  that  the  succeeding  year  would  be  unmarked  by  any  varia- 
tion in  the  generally  prosperous  conditions  prevailing  throughout  the 
Republic,  which  expectations  have  been  confirmed  by  a  material 
development  and  economic  vitality  indicative  of  continued  growth 
and  healthy  vigor. 

Import  duties  and  consular  fees  show  a  considerable  increase,  an 
advance  of  more  than  16  per  cent  being  noted  as  compared  with  the 
preceding  year  although  the  tariff  rates  have  remained  unchanged. 
The  sale  of  common  document  stamps  also  reveals  a  marked  increase 
in  the  volume  of  internal  business  transactions  with  the  added  circum- 
stance that  during  the  coiurse  of  the  fiscal  year  1906-7  the  schedule  of 
the  stamp  revenue  was  modified  in  such  manner  as  to  reduce  con- 
siderably the  rates  payable  on  the  greater  part  of  the  operations  thus 
taxed. 

In  regard  to  the  Federal  contribution  which  is  assessed  on  all  taxes 
and  all  forms  of  revenue  collected  by  state  and  municipal  authorities 
a  fair  gain  is  also  observable,  thus  proving  a  continued  growth  in  tax 
collections.  The  demand  for  special  stamps  for  the  payment  of  the 
required  taxes  on  mines,  tobacco,  alcoholic  beverages,  cotton  textiles, 
and  explosives  also  indicate  a  sustained  expansion  in  the  industries 
affected. 

The  earnings  of  the  postal  and  telegraph  Unes  show  considerable 
growth  while  in  the  Federal  District  activity  in  real  estate  deals  and 


82         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

in  commercial  and  industrial  enterprises  as  a  whole  was  greater  than 
in  previous  years. 

In  regard  to  the  agricultural  yield  of  the  year  it  is  stated  that 
returns  at  hand  make  it  impossible  to  forecast  the  probable  avail- 
ability of  the  country's  crops  as  applied  to  national  needs.  The 
importation  of  foreign  com  and  wheat  is  one  of  the  most  decisive 
factors  in  determining  the  status  of  the  local  money  market  owing 
to  the  large  remittances  abroad  necessitated  by  the  condition. 

The  production  and  exportation  of  precious  metals,  which  with 
copper  and  lead  constitute  more  than  95  per  cent  of  the  mineral  out- 
put, is  given  as  follows:  Gold  production,  $36,563,898.24;  gold  expor- 
tation, $23,873,713.94;  silver  production,  $77,088,827;  silver  expor- 
tation, $99,861,790.06.  The  gold  output  is  thus  sho^^^l  to  have 
remained  practically  stationary,  while  that  of  silver  advanced  by 
$1,483,221.73  over  1905-6.  Copper  and  lead  declined  in  the  reported 
output  owing  to  the  closing  down  of  some  low-grade  mines,  while 
zinc,  antimony,  and  various  other  mineral  substances  were  mined 
on  a  larger  scale. 

An  analysis  of  the  figiu*es  of  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  country 
shows  that  imports  figured  for  $233,363,388.85  in  1906-7  as  com- 
pared with  $220,004,755  in  the  i)receding  fiscal  year,  showing  a 
gain  of  $13,358,633.85.  Free  goods  show  a  falling  off  of  $11,000,000 
while  dutiable  articles  scored  a  gain  of  more  than  $24,000,000. 

Increased  imports  are  noted  in  animal  substances,  textiles  and 
manufactures  thereof,  (»hemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  and, 
in  general,  in  all  the  tariff  groups  of  imported  merchandise.  The 
groat(»st  and  most  significant  increase  is  shown,  however,  in  mar 
chinery  and  ap|)aratus  of  all  kinds,  imports  under  this  head  advanc- 
ing from  $20,410,722.73  to  $27,735,743.65,  a  gain  of  87,325,020.92. 
Owing  to  the  heavy  importation  of  freight  cars  and  automobiles  the 
classification  of  vehicles  ranks  next  among  imi)orts  slu»wing  a  marked 
advance,  the  figures  for  the  two  years  l)eing  $9,000,308.49  and 
S4,595,157.5S,  respt^ctively.  The  decline  of  $7, S71, 480.15  noted  in 
regard  to  imports  of  mineral  substances  is  largc^ly  explainable  by  the 
fact  that  in  1905-6  large  quantities  of  Mexican  coins  were  minted  in 
the  United  States,  and  though  the  record  for  such  transactions  in 
liK)6-7  amounted  to  $23,000,000  it  was  much  less  than  that  noted 
for  the  preceding  year. 

Export  figures  show  a  total  of  $248,()1S,()1()  as  compared  with 
$271,13S,S09.32  in  1905-6.  This  seeming  decline  in  export  values  is 
explained  by  Minister  Limantour  as  follows: 

**  In  last  year's  budget  bill  it  was  stated  that,  on  the  assumption 
tlmt  S39,0()(),()()()  in  gold  imported  in  1905-6  gave  rise  to  an  artificial 
exo(Kis  of  silver  jksos  to  an  e<|uivalent  amount,  the  total  value  of 
exiK)rts,  making  allowance  for  this  fact,  was  not  $271,000,000,  but 


MEXICO.  88 

$232,000,000.  Admitting  the  soundness  of  this  reasoning  in  the 
absence  of  more  precise  data,  it  may  be  held  that,  inasmuch  as  the 
total  exports  for  1906-7,  viz,  $248,000,000,  included  no  less  than 
13,000,000  silver  pesos  sent  abroad  in  exchange  for  Mexican  and  for- 
eign gold  coins  which  in  turn  figure  on  the  side  of  imports,  the  amount 
in  question  must  be  deducted  from  the  exports,  so  that  the  latter  may 
be  regarded  as  having  amounted  to  $235,000,000.  Bearing  these 
explanations  in  mind  it  is  perceived  that  the  exports  of  native  goods  in 
1906-7  were  a  little  in  excess  ($3,000,000)  of  the  exports  of  1905-6. 
These  latter  were  far  superior  to  the  showing  of  any  preceding  years/' 

Other  than  gold  and  silver,  the  exports  of  metals  for  the  year  show 
the  following  figures:  Copper,  $28,800,000;  lead,  $3,644,739;  others 
(including  zinc  and  antimony),  $4,072,982. 

Vegetable  products  exported  comprised  henequen,  $31,440,246; 
ixtle,  $3,813,176;  coffee,  $7,237,529;  leaf  tobacco,  $1,894,830;  chick 
pease,  $4,084,521;  chewing  gum,  $2,144,724;  cabinet  woods,  $2,169,'- 
778;  dyewoods,  $739,810;  rubber,  including  guayule,  $6,678,926; 
guayule  plants,  $61,225. 

Foremost  among  the  vegetable  products  of  which  the  exportation 
has  increased  are:  Rubber,  including  guayule,  whose  shipment  began 
five  years  ago  and  which  now  exceeds  $6,500,600  per  year;  chick 
pease,  whose  export  has  increased  threefold  in  the  same  period; 
ixtle,  which  advanced  from  $3,000,000  to  $3,800,000,  and  chicle,  or 
chewing  gum,  of  which  the  gain  has  been  50  per  cent.  Henequen 
remains  at  approximately  $30,000,000  and  the  quantity  shipped 
fluctuates  between  82,000  tons  and  110,000  tons,  which  was  the  figure 
reached  in  1906-7.  The  year  was  not  favorable  to  coffee,  which  shows 
a  decline  in  exportation  value  of  $2,000,000. 

The  value  of  animal  products  shipped  abroad  was  $11,151,928, 
showing  a  decline  of  $571,497  as  compared  with  the  preceding  year. 
The  chief  items  were  cattle,  $1 ,201 ,693,  and  untanned  hides,  $8,875,09 1 . 
The  decline  noted  in  cattle  exports  was  owing  to  the  closing  of  Cuban 
markets  to  Mexican  animals  and  the  increasing  demand  at  home  for 
live  stock.  Untanned  hides  constitute  a  line  of  exports  that  is  gain- 
ing in  importance  yearly. 

Other  items  of  export  consist  of  refined  sugar,  $1,164,339;  coarse 
sugar,  $26,612;  cotton-seed  meal  and  cakes,  $846,280;  palmetto  hats, 
$631,219;  tanned  hides  and  skins,  $34,883,  and  manufactured  tobacco 
$493,228. 

The  sugar  industry  is  becoming  of  increasing  importance  in  spite  of 
the  fluctuations  observable  in  exports  of  that  article.  Improved 
methods  of  manufacture  have  been  introduced  and  the  local  demand 
has  increased  on  account  of  the  cheapening  of  the  product.  The 
tobacco  industry  is  stUl  subject  to*  numerous  vicissitudes,  showing 
that  the  difficulties  arising  from  Cuban  competition  have  not  yet  been 
oyereome. 


84        INTERN^TION.iL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS, 

From  the  fore«]:oing  statement  Minister  Limantour  sums  up  the 
foreign  trade  balance  as  follows:  Total  imports  in  1906-7,  $233,363,- 
388;  total  exports,  $248,018,010;  excess  of  imports,  $14,654,622. 

There  is  a  great  difference  between  this  excess  and  that  shown  by 
the  returns  for  the  year  1905-6,  which  was  $51,134,054,  and  also, 
though  on  a  lesser  scale,  between  said  excess  and  that  noted  for 
1904-5,  which  was  $30,315,489. 

Commenting  thereon  Minister  Limantour  states: 

*^ Extended  explanations  have  been  given  in  other  years  in  regard 
to  those  factors  which,  while  affecting  the  value  of  imports  and  ex- 
ports, do  not  and  can  not  figure  in  the  fiscal  statistics  which  onh- 
record  the  natural  and  manufactured  products  and  the  quantities  in 
specie  that  arrive  and  depart.  It  has  also  been  explained  that  the 
Mexican  nation  has  to  make  very  heavy  payments  abroad  every  year 
in  the  shape  of  interest  on  capital  invested  in  the  country  and  of 
profits  on  business  enterprises  whose  owners  reside  in  foreign  parts, 
and  to  such  payments  have  to  be  added  those  which  are  made  strictlj' 
in  settlement  for  articles  imported.  There  can  not  be  the  smallest 
doubt  that  last  year's  excess  of  exports,  amounting  to  over  $14,000,000, 
was  totally  insuHicicnt  to  meet  this  indebtedness.  Not  even  the 
excess  in  1905-6,  amounting  to  $51,000,000,  suiliced  for  the  object  in 
question.  In  order  to  understand  this  aflirmation  it  is  necessary-  to 
remember  that  all  the  bonds  of  our  public  debt,  with  the  exception  of 
a  relatively  small  proportion,  are  held  abroad  and  that  the  service  of 
that  debt  calls  for  payments  of  no  less  than  $24,000,000  in  a  year; 
that,  in  addition  to  the  debt  of  \ho  Federal  Government,  some  of  the 
States  and  municipalities  owe  debts  of  which  the  bonds  are  chiefly 
held  abroad  and  of  which  the  annual  serv^icc  amounts  to  not  less  than 
$1,0()(),()0();  that  the  railroad  companies  have  to  remit  abroad  more 
than  825,0()(),()()()  a  year  in  payment  of  interest  on  their  securities, 
and  that  the  banks  distribute  annually  millions  of  pesos  in  dividends 
outside  of  the  Kepublic.  All  these  items,  plus  interest  and  profits 
distributed  by  private  concerns,  amount  in  the  aggregate  to  a  sum 
far  in  excess  of  the  dillerence  in  favor  of  exports  in  our  international 
trade  balance,  and  hence  the  conclusion  has  been  reached  that  the 
balance  between  d(»l)it  and  credit,  considering  as  such.  resi>ectively, 
the  remittances  of  funds,  drafts,  securities,  and  merchandise  which  we 
have  to  sc^nd  annually  abroad  and  which  we  are  entitled  in  turn  to 
receive  from  outsi<le,  is  made  good  year  afttT  year  by  the  natural  and 
s|)ontaneous  investment  in  J^lexico  of  foreign  capital.^* 

T\\o  status  of  the  various  railways  in  operatitm  throughout  the 
Kepublic  is  shown  to  be  satisfactory,  increased  percentages  being 
noted  in  all  branches  of  tradic.  The  figures  for  the  year  show  passen- 
gers carried,  10,187,121,  an  increase  of  10.7  per  cent;  earnings  from 
passenger  trafiic,  $15,942,770,  an  increase  of  30.7  per  cent;  tons  of 


MEXICO.  85 

freight  transported,  9,538,354,  an  increase  of  6.4  per  cent;  earnings 
from  freight  transported,  $53,529,981,  an  increase  of  9.3  per  cent. 

The  passenger  increase  was  largest  on  the  Mexican  Central  and 
the  gain  in  freight  traffic  on  the  National  and  Mexican  Central  lines 
would  have  been  greater  had  they  possessed  the  adequate  supply  of 
rolling  stock.  The  falling  off  in  the  tonnage  returns  of  Tehuantepec 
National  Railway,  as  compared  with  the  freight  transported  in  1905-6, 
is  explainable  by  the  cessation  of  the  carriage  of  materials  for  the  port 
works  at  Salina  Cruz  and  Coatzacoalcos.  Tliis  is  offset,  however,  by 
the  increase  in  the  rates  of  traflic  across  the  Isthmus,  so  that  a  sub- 
stantial gain  in  the  earnings  is  reported. 

The  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  banks  of  the  country  balanced  on 
June  30,  1907,  at  $723,763,584.96,  as  againsf  $628,881,834.84  on  the 
same  date  of  the  preceding  year.  The  subscribed  capital  increased 
from  $146,600,000  on  June  30,  1906,  to  $162,600,000  a  year  later, 
showing  an  increase  of  $16,000,000.  The  holdings  of  cash  dimin- 
ished by  $3,583,652.51,  which  was  undoubtedly  occasioned  b}^  the 
withdrawal  of  pesos  for  shipment  abroad  to  the  amount  of  $13,000,000. 

The  foreign  debt  of  the  country  was  reduced  in  the  last  fiscal  year 
by  $4,289,293.94,  but  the  interior  debt  was  increased  by  the  issue  of  5 
per  cent  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $2,107,200  paid  as  subsidy  to  the 
Kansas  City,  Mexico. and  Orient,  Merida  and  Valladolid,  and  Pan- 
American  railways. 

The  monetary  situation  of  the  country"  has  improved  considerably 
since  last  xesLr.  The  scarcity  of  subsidiaiy  coins  which  then  pre- 
vailed has  altogether  disappeared  and  the  circulation  of  gold  is  much 
more  abundant.  This  is  in  part  nullified  by  the  exportation  of  silver 
pesos,  which  was  due  in  1906-7  as  in  1905-6  to  the  rise  in  the  price 
of  bar  silver  as  compared  ^-ith  the  gold  value  of  the  silver  contained 
in  the  peso. 

The  total  mintage  of  coins  from  the  time  of  the  installation  of  the 
monetary  reform  on  May  5,  1905,  up  to  June  30,  1907,  was  $95,561,- 
570.70.  Deducting  from  this  amount  the  $75,416,231  in  silver 
pesos  export^  and  the  $14,456,923.17  represent hig  old  pieces  re- 
coined,  it  is  shown  that  increase  in  circulation  of  coin  up  to  June  30, 
1907,  was  $5,688,416.53.  By  the  end  of  NoA^ember,  1907,  the 
increase  had  risen  to  more  than  $11,000,000. 

The  exchange  and  currency  commission  has  discharged  the  fimc- 
tions  of  its  office  with  marked  ability  and  has  succeeded  in  two  years 
in  replacing  almost  all  the  old  currency  with  coins  stnick  in  accord- 
ance i^nth  the  monetary  law  of  1905.  It  has  distributed  the  new 
coins  all  over  the  national  territory,  meeting  the  numerous  difficulties 
which  the  scarcity  or  abundance  of  the  circulating  medium  has  occa- 
sioned in  each  locality;  it  has  attracted  gold  to  the  Republic  in  con- 
siderable quantities,  retaining  within  the  countr}-  a  large  proportion 


86*       INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS, 

of  tlie  native  product,  and  has  materially  contributed  toward  steady- 
ing the  rate  of  exchange  with  foreign  nations. 

During  tlie  eariy  months  of  1907  the  value  of  real  estate  and  the 
quotations  of  industrial,  mining,  and  commercial  securities  continued 
to  rise,  and  a  comparison  with  similar  quotations  with  those  of  1906 
would,  in  general,  show  satisfactory  results.  By  the  middle  of  the 
year,  however,  the  stringency  in  foreign  money  markets  began  to 
aflFect  the  Mexican  situation  and  capital  became  more  and  more 
reluctant  to  engage  in  ilexican  undertakings.  The  fiscal  year  1908-0 
will  suffer  from  this  anomolous  and  uneasy  condition,  but  the  Mexican 
Republic  continues  to  indicate  strength  and  vitality  in  its  public 
resources  which  place  it  on  a  satisfactory  plane  among  the  nations  of 
the  world. 

In  the  budget  estimate  of  revenues  for  the  fiscal  year  1908-9  taxes 
on  foreign  commerce  are  placed  at  $49,600,000;  internal  taxes  at 
$32,055,000;  special  taxes  in  the  Federal  District  and  territories, 
$10,930,000;  public  services,  $0,405,000;  revenue  from  national  lands, 
$265,000,  and  profits  and  minor  sources,  $4,130,000. 

POSTAL  REVENUES,  1906-7. 

According  to  statistics  recently  published  by  the  General  Bureau 
of  Posts  of  the  Mexican  Republic  the  revenues  derived  from  the  postal 
serv^ice  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1907,  amounted  to 
4,031,124.86  pesos  ($2,015,562.43),  as  compared  with  3,653,315.87 
pesos  ($1,826,657.03)  in  1905-6,  an  increase  of  377,808.99  pesos 
($188,904.49),  or  10.34  per  cent. 

POSTAL  REVENUES,  FIRST  QUARTER  OF  1907-8. 

The  postal  revenues  collected  in  the  Mexican  Republic  during  the 
first  ({uarter  of  the  (iscal  year  1907-8  (from  July  to  September,  1907) 
amounted  to  1,043,065.88  pesos  (§521,532.94),  as  compared  with 
930,837.20  pesos  (.?469,918.6()),  an  increase  of  103,228.68  pesos 
($51,614.34),  or  10.98  per  cent. 

TRADE  OF  PROORESO,  YUCATAN,  FIRST  QUARTER  OF  1907-8. 

Duriuj^  the  first  three  months  of  the  iiscal  year  1907-8  there  were 
exported  from  the  port  of  Pro^reso,  Yucatan,  25,937,342  kilograms 
of  hene(|uen,  vaUuMl  at  6,323,765  pisos  (S3.161.S82.50).  During  the 
same  quarter  the  value*  of  national  nierchandisi^  im{>orted  through 
sai<l  port  was  3,727,500  pesos  (§1,863,750),  while  the  imports  of  foreign 
merchandise  amounted  to  2,320,773  pesos  (SI, 160, 386.50). 

IMPROVEMENT  OF  ISTHMIAN  TERMINALS. 

The  Lsthmian  defense  commi.^sion  charj^ed  with  a  study  of  the 

Mexi<*an  ports  of  Salina  Cruz  and  C'oatzacoalcos,  the  Atlantic  and 

'fie  termini  of  the  Tehuantep<»c  Railwaj',  has  concluded  its  study 


MEXICO.  87 

of  conditions  at  Salina  Cruz  and  will  follow  up  its  investigation  at 
Coatzocoalcos  in  the  near  future.  It  is  estimated  that  the  defense 
works  recommended  ^nll  entail  an  outlay  of  $20,000,000  Mexican. 
Two  years  must  elapse  before  the  preliminary  reports  and  investiga- 
tions will  be  completed  and  the  actual  constructive  work  begun. 

Plans  for  constructing  at  Salina  Cruz  what  shall  be  the  largest  dry 
dock  in  the  world  are  being  prepared  by  the  Mexican  Government, 
and  Coatzacoalcos  has  been  converted  into  a  first-class  deep-water 
harbor.  It  is  the  intention  to  equip  these  ports  for  the  adequate 
handling  of  the  enormous  traffic  induced  by  the  opening  of  the  Tehuan- 
tepec  Une.  A  considerable  part  of  this  traffic  comes  from  Hawaii, 
^gar  being  shipped  to  New  York  over  this  route  in  large  quantities. 

The  new  line  of  steamers  which  a  Chinese  company  has  put  on 
between  China  and  Salina  Cruz  is  expected  to  greatly  develop  this 
trade  route.     A  large  immigration  station  for  Chinese  is  being  built. 

Most  modern  sanitary  methods  are  adopted  for  the  benefit  of  the 
ports,  and  pure  drinking  water  is  conveyed  to  SaUna  Cruz  in  pipes 
from  a  point  8  miles  distant. 

8II.VEB  BASIS  OF  THE  STAMP  AND  CUSTOM  TAXES,  JANXJABY,  1908. 

The  usual  monthly  circular  issued  by  the  Department  of  Finance 
of  the  Mexican  Republic  announces  that  the  legal  price  per  kilogram 
of  pure  silver  during  the  month  of  January,  1908,  is  $37.21  Mexican 
currency,  according  to  calculations  provided  in  the  decree  of  March 
25,  1905.  This  price  will  be  the  basis  for  the  payment  of  the  stamp 
tax  and  customs  duties  when  silver  is  used  throughout  the  Republic. 

INCBEASE  OF  IMPOBT  DUTIES  ON  SXJGAB. 

The  President  of  the  Mexican  Republic  promulgated  on  December 
21,  1907,  a  law  of  the  National  Congress  amending  paragraph  125  of 
the  customs  tariff  in  force  go  as  to  increase  the  import  duties  on  com- 
mon rock  candy,  and  refined  sugar  of  all  kinds  from  2.50  pesos 
($1.25)  per  100  kilograms,  gross  weight,  to  5.00  pesos  ($2.50)  per  100 
kilograms,  gross  weight.  Said  law  will  become  effective  at  midnight, 
February  15,  1908. 

TTJBPENTINE   MA-NTJFACTXJBE. 

A  large  turpentine  factory  has  recently  been  put  into  operation  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Morelia,  State  of  Michoacan,  according  to  the 
'^Mexican  Herald''  of  November  4,  1907,  the  intention  of  the  pro- 
moters of  the  enterprise  being  to  turn  out  sufficient  quantities  of  the 
commodity  to  enable  Mexico  to  be  a  factor  in  the  turpentine  market. 
The  capacity  of  the  factory  is  said  to  be  200,000  gallons  annually. 
The  conditions  for  the  favorable  outcome  of  the  work  are  highly 
24181— Bun. 


88        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

favorable  both  by  reason  of  the  large  tracts  of  pine  that  abound  in 
the  State  of  Michoacan  and  the  approaching  completion  of  such  rail- 
road lines  as  will  put  the  product  of  the  factory  on  the  market  without 
loss  of  time  or  great  expense. 

LTJMBEB  MILL  IN  THE   STATE   OF  OAXACA. 

The  erection  and  operation  of  a  fully  equipped  plant  for  the  manu- 
facture of  hubs,  spokes,  rims,  axles,  and  all  kinds  of  wagon  parts  is  to 
be  undertaken  in  the  State  of  Oaxaca  by  a  United  States  company. 
The  company  has  purchased  125,000  acres  of  land  containing  vast 
quantities  of  hard  woods  and  will  put  up  one  of  the  most  modem  and 
complete  plants  in  the  Republic  not  only  for  the  manufacture  of 
vehicle  parts  but  also  will  eventually  manufacture  furniture.  Tlie 
mill  and  macliinery  required  for  the  enterprise  has  already  been  pur- 
chased, the  mill  plant  to  have  a  capacity  of  100,000  feet  of  lumber 
daily. 

The  company  desires  to  create  a  demand  and  market  in  Mexico  for 
their  entire  outinit,  but  will  ship  and  export  considerable  quantities 
to  the  United  States  and  Europe,  as  their  close  proximity  to  Coatza- 
coalcos  gives  them  great  shipping  advantages. 

THE  PETROLEUM   INDUSTBY. 

The  '^  South  American  Journal  "  for  November  23,  1907,  states 
that  the  plant  for  the  Mexican  oil  industry  which  is  being  installed 
by  Messrs.  S.  Pearson  &  Sons  is  to  be  put  into  operation.  The  be- 
ginnings of  this  industry  date  hack  for  several  years,  when  experi- 
mental work  was  coninienced  by  drilling  on  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuan- 
tepec,  and  properties  have  since  been  opened  up  in  Tabasco  and  Vera- 
cruz, (iovernment  concessions  are  held  by  the  firm  mentioned  in 
the  States  of  Veracruz,  Tabasco.  Chiapas,  and  Campeche,  as  well  as 
in  San  Luis  Potosi  and  in  Taniaulipas.  Over  (his  extensive  ai'ea, 
which  represents  about  1,000,000  acres,  mnnerous  indications  of  oil 
have  been  found,  and  as  the  result  of  this  Mic<'essful  exjdoratory  work 
it  was  chHi(le<l  to  erect  a  large  refinery  at  Minatitlan,  conveniently 
situated  on  the  river  Coatzacoaleo^  *J0  nlile^  above  Puerto  Mexico 
(Coatzacnalco^),  the  terminal  p(U'l  of  the  Tehuantepec  Railway  on 
the  Athiiitie  >i.]e. 

1'his  ix^tinery  and  the  works  connected  with  it  are  rapidly  nearing 
completion  and  it  is  expected  that  it  will  be  in  active  oi>eration 
early  in  lt)oS.  I'he  invnii-e^.  which  cover  an  area  of  about  half 
a  stjuaiv  iiiile.  are  <lesigned  to  treat  from  ^00  to  700  tons  of  oil  |>er 
day.  and  both  in  construction  and  erjuipment  have  been  designed  on 
the  most  uHxItM-n  lines.  From  the  refinery  a  main  pipe  line  some  15 
miles  lon;r  extend-  in>o  the  oil  {vA\]<.  jiu<l  from  the  terminus  of  the 
main  line  branch  lines  of  pipe  diverge  to  the  three  fields  from  which 


MEXICO.  89 

at  t\\e  outset  the  supplies  of  raw  material  will  be  drawn.  The  neces- 
sary power  and  pumping  plant  has  now  been  installed  and  test  runs 
made. 

The  storage  tanks  inehide  two  large  tanks  each  of  (»,000  tons  capac- 
ity and  a  main  storage  tank  in  connection  with  the  refinery  itself 
with  a  capacity  of  100,000  tons. 

The  location  of  the  refinery  at  Minatitlan  places  it  not  only  within 
a  short  distance  of  the  sources  of  supply,  but  in  an  admirable  situa- 
tion to  meet  the  requirements  of  transport.  Ships  of  0.000  to  7.000 
ions  capacity  will  be  able  to  lie  alongside  the  refinery,  and  already  a 
steamer  of  3,000  tons  capacity  has  been  built  by  Messrs.  Pearson  & 
Sons  for  the  oil  traffic. 

The  oil  from  these  fields  has  a  paraffin  base,  and  is  stated  to  pr<^- 
duce  very  satisfactory  percentages  of  motor  spirit,  benzine,  and  illu- 
minating and  lubricating  oils.  Mexican  railway  engineers  are  about 
to  emplo}'  oil  fuel  on  a  large  scale.  The  older  lines,  such  as  the  Mexi- 
can and  the  Mexican  Central,  already  have  satisfactory  experience 
with  liquid  fuel,  and  all  the  locomotives  of  the  new  Isthmian  Rail- 
way have  been  designed  for  the  employment  of  oil  fuel.  Some  ex- 
{)erimental  employment  of  Mexican  oil  has  Ix^n  made,  but  for  all 
practical  purposes  the  railway  companies  have  had  to  rely  upon 
jmported  Texas  oil,  the  use  of  which  is  accompanied  by  a  high  import 
duty. 

The  Mexican  Oil  Company  {Compaflla  Mexicana  de  Fetroleo)  has 
at  present  under  exploitation  five  wells,  in  all  of  which  the  oil  rises 
to  the  surface;  three  of  these  wells  are  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  La 
Paz  hill  and  two  in  the  place  called  "  La  Laguna,"  their  depth  and 
capacity  of  daily  production  l)eing  as  follows: 


Well. 


No.  4.  of  La  Paz . 

No.  f>.  of  La  Pa« . 


No.  2.  of  La  l.Acruna 

Xo.  3.  of  La  I^gtina,  known  r»  "Well  of  April  2n(I ' 


J>eptli 

Dailypro- 

duc*ti(»n. 

Meters. 

Uarreh. 

848 

1.000 

8% 

2.800 

945 

2,300 

800 

700 

680 

1,000 

Well  Xo.  1  has  been  under  exploitation  for  four  years,  and  its  pro- 
ducing capacity  has  not  been  diminished  up  to  the  present  day.  Well 
Xo.  3  has  two  concentric  tubes  in  order  that  its  boring^  may  be  con- 
tinued without  interrupting  its  production:  it  is  expected  that  this 
well  will  be  able  to  produce  4,000  barrels  daily  when  it  has  a  gi*eater 
depth. 

The  company  has  at  present  two  oil  deposits,  one  with  a  capacity 
for  450,000  barrels  and  the  other  for  200,000  barrels.  It  has,  besides, 
several  steel  tanks  with  a  total  capacity  of  300,000  barrels.     Another 


90        INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

deposit,  which  will  have  a  capacity  for  1,000,000  barrels,  is  being 
excavated.  Materials  for  the  constriictiou  of  two  steel  tanks  have 
already  been  received ;  these  tanks  will  have  a  capacity  of  56,000  bar- 
rels each,  and  will  be  erected  at  the  station  of  Ebano  on  the  Central 
Railroad. 

P^our  thousand  barrels  of  oil  are  delivered  daily  to  the  Central  Rail- 
road Company,  and  in  accordance  with  the  contract  entered  into 
therewith,  this  amount  will  be  increased  to  7,000  barrels.  This  com- 
pany furnishes  oil  also  to  the  navigation,  packing,  and  electric  light 
companies  of  Tampico,  their  average  monthly  consumption  amount- 
ing to  1,500  barrels. 

During  the  first  six  months  of  1007  the  company  shipped  to  Xew 
York  and  Europe  2,910  tons  of  asphalt  and  1,04(5  tons  to  different 
points  of  the  Republic. 

The  company  employs  100  skilled  laborei*s  and  800  workmen. 

FREE  ENTRY  FOR  GOODS  INTO  QUINTANA-ROO. 

[•'Diario  oficial"  1 1  June  1,  1907.] 

Sole  Article.  During  a  period  of  one  year  computed  from  July  1 
next  tlie  decree  dated  June  2,  1906,  prolonging  the  operation  of  decree 
dated  May  30,  1905,  shall  continue  to  have  effect.  In  virtue  thereof 
foreign  goods  designated,  to  be  in  the  future  designated  by  the  Execu- 
tive, imported  through  the  custom-houses  in  the  territorj'  of  Quintana- 
Roo  for  consumption  in  that  district  of  the  Republic,  were  to  be 
exempt^Ml  from  the  payment  of  import  duty  and  port  dues  of  every 
description. 

NICARAGUA. 

MESSAGE  OF  PRESIDENT  J.  SANTOS  ZELAYA. 

On  December  1,  1907,  the  President  of  Nicaragua  addressed  an 
important  message  to  the  National  Legislative  Assembly  in  which  the 
work  of  the  Executive  during  the  two  preceding  years  was  outlined. 

Special  reference  was  made  to  the  internecine  troubles  of  the  Inde- 
pendent States  of  CVntral  America  culminating  in  the  Washington 
conference  for  the  maintenance  of  peace. 

In  regard  to  relations  with  the  Ignited  States,  President  Zelaya 
states  that '  'Ilis  Excellency  President  TnEODORE  Roosevelt  has,  in 
all  recent  Central  American  difficidties,  graciously  offered  his  friendly 
offices  toward  reconciliaticm.  I  can  assure  you  that  our  relations 
with  the  Ignited  States  of  America  are  sincere  and  cordial,  for  the 
small  differences  that  have  arisen  in  regard  to  some  contracts  ceded 
by  my  Government  to  the  American  citizens,  Herbert  Emert  and 
Samuel  Weil,  will,  I  am  very  confident,  be  satisfactorily  adjusted/' 


NICARAGUA.  '91 

He  also  reports  a  satisfactory  outcome  of  the  mission  of  the  Minister 
of  Foreign  Affairs,  Senor  Don  J.  D.  Gamez,  who  visited  the  United 
States  and  Mexico  as  a  personal  and  confidential  agent  for  the  purpose 
of  discussing  matters  relating  to  Central  America. 

The  treaty  of  friendship,  commerce,  and  navigation,  as  also  the 
consular  convention  with  the  German  Empire,  have  been  prorouged 
for  ten  years.  Treaties  have  been  agreed  upon  with  Great  Britain 
covering  the  recognition  of  Nicaraguan  sovereignty  over  the  Mosquito 
Reservation  and  the  annulment  of  the  port  privileges  of  San  Juan  del 
Norte. 

With  Italy  and  Belgium  treaties  have  been  made  of  friendship, 
commerce,  and  navigation,  covering  also  extradition  and  consular 
convention. 

Important  steps  are  being  taken  for  the  collection  of  statistics  and 
the  codification  of  commercial  laws,  while  legislative  reforms  are 
urgently  recommended  by  the  Executive. 

GOVERNMENT  MONOPOLY  OF  THE  MATCH  INDTJSTBY. 

According  to  a  recent  Presidential  decree,  from  January  8,  1908, 
all  consumers  of  matches  in  Nicaragua  must  purchase  these  articles 
from  Government  agents  only.  These  oflBcials  are  empowered  to 
take  over  such  stocks  (at  cost  price)  as  may  be  in  the  hands  of 
merchants,  and  also  from  such  individuals  who,  in  the  estimation  of 
the  official,  may  have  a  greater  quantity  than  is  deemed  necessary  for 
immediate  use.  The  fact  that  these  may  have  been  in  their  pos- 
session one  month  or  one  year  previous  to  that  time,  and  regularly 
entered  at  customs  and  receipted  for  by  proper  officials,  will  not 
avail.  All  persons  having  such  goods  in  their  possession  on  January 
1,  1908,  must  notifj'  the  Government  agent,  or  be  liable  to  indictment 
as  smugglers  and  punished  as  such. 

At  various  times  the  Government  has  decreed  similar  monopolies 
upon  certain  products,  such  as  tobacco,  alcohol,  *'  aguardiente ''  (native 
rum),  explosives,  gunpowder,  and  shot,  and  the  revenues  have  been 
collected  by  the  Government  for  a  time,  but  it  has  invariably  resulted 
in  being  leased  by  individuals  upon  pajTnent  of  a  specified  sum  or 
annuity  during  the  life  of  the  contract,  and  the  prices  of  the  com- 
modities have  been  excessively  increased.  Matches  are  not  manu- 
factured in  the  Republic  at  the  present  time,  but  it  is  rumored  that 
a  factory  will  soon  be  erected  for  the  purpose,  with  an  up-to-date 
equipment.  The  supply  now  comes  principally  from  Sweden  and 
Germany,  importations  from  the  United  States  during  the  past  year 
amounting  only  to  about  20  per  cent  of  the  total  consumption. 


92        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 
THE  BXPLOITATION  OF  NATIONAL  BUBBEB  FOBE8TS. 

On  October  18,  1907,  the  President  of  the  Republic  of  Nicaragua 
approved  the  charter  of  incorporation  of  the  Atlantic  Industrial  Com- 
pany, formed  for  the  purpose  of  exploiting  the  national  rubber  forests 
existing  in  the  Department  of  Zelaya,  the  Districts  of  Prinsapolka 
and  Rio  Grande,  and  in  the  Bocay  Mountain,  which  comprises  the 
forests  of  Jinotega  and  Comarca,  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,  and  a  small 
part  of  the  Department  of  Segovia.  The  company  will  also  engage  in 
other  business  relating  to  the  extraction  and  exportation  of  rubber. 
Its  capital  is  $300,000  and  it  is  the  transferee  of  the  concession  granted 
by  the  Government  to  Messrs.  Guerrero  and  Moreira  for  the 
exploitation  of  said  forests  during  ten  years  from  September  10,  1905. 

TBADE-MABK    LAW. 

[From  the  "Official  Odzrtte"  of  Xoveniber  2(i.  1907.] 

Article  1.  The  State  protects  within  its  territorj'  the  exclusive 
ownership  of  such  trade-marks  as  are  authorized  m  conformity  \^Tith 
this  law. 

Art.  2.  A  trade-mark  is  a  special  sign  applied  to  an  agricultural 
or  industrial  article,  or  to  a  commercial  article,  to  warn  the  public 
of  its  origin  and  to  distmguish  it  from  other  products  of  the  same  kind. 

Art.  3.  The  designation  of  the  sign  wliich  shall  constitute  a  trade- 
mark shall  be  made  by  the  producer  of  the  article  to  which  said 
trade-mark  is  to  be  applied,  but  the  following  shall  not  be  used  as 
trade-marks  in  the  Republic: 

I.  Generic  names,  simple  geographic  names,  and  the  names  of 
individuals  or  associations,  unless  the  trade-mark  contains,  in  addi- 
tion, other  distinguishing  characteristics  serving  to  distinguish  the 
article  to  wliich  it  is  to  be  applied. 

II.  All  signs  in  conflict  v.ith  good  morals  or  wliich  may  tend  to 
ridicule  ideas,  persons,  objects,  or  institutions,  which,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Department  of  Fomento,  are  worthy  of  consideration  by  the 
people  in  gt*neral. 

III.  The  coat  <»f  arms,  escutcheons,  and  national  emblems. 

IV.  The  coat  of  arms,  escutcheons,  or  emblems  of  natipns,  st-ates, 
or  foreign  political  corporations,  without  their  respective  consent. 

V.  The  names,  signatures,  and  j)ictures  of  living  persons,  without 
their  consent. 

VI.  Trade-marks,  identical  or  substantially  identical  to  those 
already  registered,  whenever  it  is  souj^ht  by  the  former  to  protect 
[>roducts  of  the  same  kind  as  thos<»  pr(»tected  by  the  latter. 

Art.  4.  The  Government  shall  establish  a  special  office  for  the 
registration  of  trado-niarks.  In  the  nu*an\vhih'  the  General  Office 
of  Public  Works  shall  fulfill  these  dulii's  and  the  Chief  of  said  office 
shall  make  said  registration. 


NICARAGLTA.  93 

Art.  5.  Applications  for  registration  shall  be  made  on  stamped 
paper  of  the  sixth  class  and  filed  in  the  Department  of  Fomento, 
signed  by  the  party  in  interest,  or  by  his  attorney,  who  shall  have  at 
least  an  authentic  power  of  attorney,  and  said  appUcation  shall 
contain  the  following: 

(a)  The  name  of  the  owner  of  the  trade-mark,  liis  domicile  and 
nationality. 

(6)  The  name  and  place  of  the  manufactory  or  establishment  in 
which  the  s^ticle  to  which  said  mark  is  to  be  applied  is  produced. 

(c)  The  designation  and  description  of  the  articles  or  products 
sought  to  be  distinguished  by  means  of  the  trade-mark. 

(d)  The  description  of  the  trade-mark,  illustrated  with  a  facsimile 
of  the  same  reproduced  in  triplicate. 

(e)  In  case  the  trade-mark  is  indented  or  in  relief,  or  should  it  rep- 
resent any  other  characteristics  that  can  not  be  made  known  in  a 
graphic  manner,  two  identical  copies  shall  be  filed  setting  forth  all  the 
particulars  and  details. 

Art.  6.  The  fee  for  the  registration  of  trade-marks  is  $25,  renewable 
every  ten  years.  Delay  in  the  renewal  does  not  forfeit  the  right  to 
exclu^ve  use  of  the  trade-mark,  but  until  said  renewal  is  made  the 
party  in  interest  is  not  entitled  to  prosecute  counterfeiters  of  the 
trade-mark  and  of  the  article  protected  thereby. 

Art.  7.  After  the  application  for  the  registration  of  a  trade-mark 
has  been  filed  the  Department  of  Fomento  shall  request  information 
of  the  chief  of  the  registration  oflSce.  This  officer  shall  examine  the 
documents  filed  in  order  to  satisfy  himself  as  to  whether  the  legal 
requisites  have  been  complied  with  and  shall  make  the  proper  report 
within  three  days.  In  case  of  a  favorable  report  the  Minister  of 
Fomento  shall  give  the  order  for  registration  after  the  respective  fees 
have  been  p€tid. 

Art.  8.  The  registration  of  a  trade-mark  shall  always  be  made 
without  prejudice  to  third  persons  and  under  the  exclusive  respon- 
sibility of  the  applicant. 

Art.  9.  After  the  registration  the  chief  of  the  office  shall  issue,  in 
favor  of  the  party  in  interest,  a  certified  copy  of  the  registration, 
written  on  stamped  paper  of  the  first  class,  and  said  document  shall 
constitute  the  title  to  the  exclusive  use  of  the  trade-mark. 

Art.  10.  Such  questions  as  might  arise  concerning  the  right  to 
the  exclusive  use  of  the  trade-mark  or  concerning  the  priority  of  the 
registration  thereof  and  of  its  identity  with  others  already  registered 
shall  be  decided  by  the  common  courts. 

Art.  11.  Whenever  there  has  been  a  controversy  before  the  court 
the  judgment  rendered  shall  be  inserted  in  the  certificate  of  regis- 
tratioii. 


94         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   BEPU3IiICS. 

Art.  12.  'Whenever  the  application  for  the  trade-mark  referred  to 
in  article  5  is  filed  the  Department  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  pub- 
lished in  the  official  newspaper  three  times  in  succession.  At  the 
expiration  of  ninety  days,  if  no  opposition  has  been  made,  the  Depart- 
ment shall  decide  to  grant  to  the  applicant  the  title  of  ownership  of 
the  trade-mark,  which  shall  be  written  on  a  sheet  of  stamped  paper 
of  the  first  class. 

Art.  13.  When  there  is  opposition  the  Department  shall  direct 
the  parties  in  interest  to  discuss  their  rights  before  the  proper  common 
court  and  shall  only  issue  the  title  to  the  person  whom  the  court 
declares  to  have  the  best  right  to  it. 

Art.  14.  Trade-marks  shall  not  be  transferred  except  with  the 
establishment  in  which  the  articles  to  which  they  apply  are  produced. 
Therefore,  the  transfer  of  a  trade-mark  carries  with  it  the  right  of 
industrial  or  commercial  exploitation  of  the  products  protected 
thereby.  The  transfer  is  not  subject  to  any  special  formality  and 
shall  be  made  in  accordance  with  the  common  law,  but  it  must  be 
registered  in  the  trade-mark  office,  since  without  this  requisite  it  is 
not  valid  as  against  third  parties. 

Art.  15.  The  registration  of  a  trade-mark  shall  be  void  whenever 
made  in  violation  of  this  law,  as  well  as  when  the  registered  trade- 
mark has  been  previously  registered  by  some  one  else,  in  which  case 
it  shall  be  judicially  declared  void  at  the  request  of  the  party  in 
interest. 

The  decision  of  nullity  shall  be  made  known  to  the  Department  of 
Fomento  by  the  judge  or  court  who  has  taken  cognizance  of  the  same 
in  the  last  hearing. 

Art.  16.  The  action  requesting  the  nulhty  of  the  registration  of 
the  trade-mark  may  be  tried  by  any  one  who  considers  himself 
injured  thereby,  as  well  as  by  the  Government  attorney  in  c&se  the 
public  interest  is  involved. 

Art.  17.  Controversies  concerning  nullity  referred  to  in  the  fore- 
going article  shall  be  decided  by  the  common  courts,  and  the  judg- 
ments contained  in  said  decision  shall  be  registered  in  the  respective 
office. 

Art.  18.  The  following  shall  be  considered  to  have  committed  the 
offense  referred  to  in  article  319  of  the  penal  code  and  shall  be  pun- 
ished by  the  penalties  established  therein: 

(a)  Whoever  applies  to  the  articles  or  objects  which  he  sells  or 
manufactures  any  trade-mark  already  legally  registered  in  favor  of 
another  person. 

(6)  Whoever  applies  to  the  articles  or  objects  which  he  sells  or 
proiluces  any  trade-mark  which  is  an  imitation  of  one  legally  regis- 
tered in  such  a  way  that  it  might  at  first  sight  be  taken  for  the  lawful 


-  .  PANAMA.  95 

(c)  Whoever  applies  to  the  aforesaid  articles  any  trade-mark 
which,  though  legally  registered,  is  made  to  appear  as  another  by 
means  of  any  addition,  subtraction,  or  alteration. 

(d)  Whoever  puts  on  sale  or  circulates  articles  bearing  the  trade- 
marks referred  to  in  the  foregoing  sections. 

Art.  19.  Articles  or  objects  that  are  the  subject-matter  of  the 
offenses  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  article  are  subject  to  confiscation, 
but  whenever  the  owner  of  a  legally  registered  trade-mark  is  the 
accuser  he  shall  be  entitled  to  the  adjudication  in  his  favor  of  all  the 
products  found  bearing  the  legal  trade-mark,  whether  they  are  in  the 
possession  of  the  delinquent  or  in  possession  of  a  commission  mer- 
chant ur  consignee. 

Art.  20.  The  trade-marks  shall  be  kept  permanently  in  the  regis- 
tration office  as  well  as  the  books  in  which  the  corresponding  details 
of  the  trade-marks  are  recorded,  and  both  shall  be  examined  by  who- 
ever desires  to  do  so  during  certain  hours  set  apart  to  that  end,  and 
certified  copies  of  the  registration  may  be  had  at  the  expense  of  the 
applicant  on  payment  of  $1  for  each  certification  issued  in  addition, 
to  the  expense  of  making  the  copy. 

Art.  21.  The  shape,  color,  statements,  or  designations,  if  they  do 
not  constitute  by  themselves  the  essential  characteristics  of  the 
special  commercial  article  of  the  industrial  product,  shall  not  be  con- 
sidered as  a  trade-mark. 

Art.  22.  The  duration  of  the  ownership  of  trade-marks  is  indefi- 
nite, but  when  the  establishment,  manufactory,  or  business  in  which 
said  trade-mark  is  used  has  been  closed  or  the  production  suspended 
for  more  than  a  year  the  trade-mark  shall  be  considered  abandoned. 

Art.  23.  Drawings  and  industrial  facsimiles  are  comprised  in  the 
provisions  of  this  law. 

Art.  24.  The  provisions  of  the  present  law  shall  be  applied  when- 
ever they  are  not  in  conflict  with  international  pacts  on  the  matter, 
especially  concerning  trade-marks  entered  into  during  the  Second 
International  American  Conference  of  January  27,  1002. 

Art.  25.  This  law  shall  become  effective  from  the  date  of  its  publi- 
cation in  the  *  ^Official  Gazette.'^ 


PANAMA. 

THE  POBT  OF  BOCAS  DEL  TOEO,  1907. 

United  States  Consul  James  C.  Kellogg,  of  Colon,  furnishes  the 
following  information  concerning  the  trade  of  Bocas  del  Toro,  Panama, 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  Jime  30,  1907: 

'*The  value  of  the  imports  into  the  port  of  Bocas  del  Toro  during 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1907,  amounted  to  $968;409;  an  increase 


96         IJS^TEKXATIOXAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

of  $197,535  over  the  corresponding  period  of  1906.  The  imports  con- 
sisted of  232,269  packages  of  general  merchandise,  valued  at  $841,941, 
and  41 1,119  cubic  feet  of  lumber,  worth  $126,468.  The  greatest  por- 
tion of  the  imports  came  from  the  United  States,  and  consisted  chiefly 
of  beer,  bridge  material,  vegetables,  cotton  goods,  clothing,  coal, 
canned  goods,  confectionery,  flour,  furniture,  lumber,  machinery, 
shoes,  etc.  The  imports  from'Europe  were  ale,  jewelry,  laces,  matches, 
perfimierv-,  notions,  stationery,  etc.,  and  from  the  West  Indies  cane 
sugar,  rum,  cigars,  and  cigarettes. 

**The  exports  from  the  port  during  the  year  amounted  to  $839,037, 
a  decrease  of  $596,850  as  compared  with  the  fisc'al  year  1906.  The 
articles  were:  Bananas,  valued  at  $803,126;  cocoa,  $1,666;  sarsapa- 
rilla,  $11,891;  cocoanuts,  $846;  hides,  $270;  rubber,  $6,908;  shells, 
$13,460,  and  dried  turtle  meat,  $870.  With  the  exception  of  bananas, 
which  went  to  the  United  States,  the  entire  exports  were  shippe<l  to 
Europe.  In  the  coining  year  it  is  exi>ected  that  bananas  will  be 
shipped  to  Europe,  and  in  order  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  expected 
increase  of  commerce  the  Hamburg-American  Line  is  building  steam- 
ei^s  to  bo  equipped  with  refrigerating  apparatus,  and  these  vesseb 
will  l)e  put  into  the  trade  to  carr>"  banana  cargoes. 

^*The  United  States  outranked  all  other  countries  in  the  trade  with 
Bocas  del  Toro,  notwithstanding  the  large  numl>er  of  Europeans  en- 
gaged in  business  there  and  who,  to  a  certain  extent,  create  a  demand 
for  European  goods.  The  i)()pulation  of  Bocas  del  Toro  is  4,954,  of 
Avhich  2,272  are  Europeans,  50  are  Americans,  and  the  remainder 
natives  of  Panama  and  the  other  Central  American  States.  In  the 
interior,  on  the  ])anana  farms,  are  thousands  of  Jamaicans  and  many 
Americans  and  other  foreigners.*' 

CUSTOMS   REGULATIONS. 

["(hmtit  OrrUil"  N'n.  3.Vi.  of  September -1.  lOOai-l 

Akticlk  1.  A  tax  of  5i)  centesimos  of  balboa  shall  be  paid  on  every 
1,000  cocoanuts  or  fraction  exported. 

Art.  2.  This  tax  shall  be  paid  by  the  shipper  at  the  pay  office  of 
the  locality  from  which  the  ship  proceeded  to  sea. 

Akt.  3.  The  Executive  shall  lay  down  regulations  for  collection 
of  the  tax  ini])ose(l  by  the  present  law. 

Akticlk  1.  All  persons  clesiring  to  export  inerchandLse  to  any 
lH»rt  of  the  Republic  shall  present  to  the  cousidar  agent  or  the  person 
acting  in  his  stead,  iu  the  i>lace  where  the  shipment  is  to  be  made, 
an  invoice  in  quadru)>licate  wherein  shall  be  stated: 

The  name  of  the  exporter,  place  of  origin,  the  name  of  the  person 
to  whom  the  merchandise  is  sent,  the  name  of  the  port  to  which  it  is 


PARAGUAY.  97 

sent,  and  the  name  of  the  vessel;  the  marks  on  the  parcels,  their 
respective  numbers,  a  description  of  the  merchandise,  with  the  orig- 
inal prices,  the  total  weight  in  kilograms,  the  number  of  bottles  or 
half  bottles  contained  in  each  case  or  barrel,  if  the  merchandise  con- 
sist of  liquid  substances,  and  the  equivalent  in  liters. 

It  is  hereby  prohibited  to  enter  in  the  same  invoice  parcels  with 
different  destinations,  or  for  different  o>\Tkers  or  consignees,  even 
though  the  point  of  destination  were  the  same. 

Consular  invoices  made  out  without  the  requisites  herein  prescribed 
shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  equal  to  5  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the 
invoice. 

Art.  2.  Import  duties  shall  be  collected  as  heretofore,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  laws  in  force:  Provided,  however ,  That  from  the  publi- 
cation of  the  present  decree  no  allowance  or  reduction  shall  be  made 
for  damages,  breakages,  leakages,  or  other  injuries,  whatever  their 
nature:  And  provided  further,  That  no  attention  shall  be  given  to 
claims  wherein  the  refund  of  duties  paid  is  sought. 

Art.  3.  Sparkling  wines  inferior  to  champagne  shall  pay  a  duty 
at  the  rate  of  50  centavos  per  liter,  and  cider,  kola-champagne,  ginger 
beer,  and  other  similar  beverages  20  centavos  per  liter,  the  same  as 
beer  of  any  kind  referred  to  in  the  tariff  prescribed  by  law  88  of  1904. 

Art.  4.  The  collection  of  duties  upon  tobacco,  cigars,  and  ciga- 
rettes shall  be  put  into  effect  upon  the  goods  as  they  are  sold;  that 
is  to  say,  with  the  boxes  or  packages  containing  them,  and  excluding 
from  the  impost  the  larger  boxes  or  packings  which  contain  the 
former  smaller  ones. 


PARAGUAY. 

PBOJECTED  BANK  OF  THE  BEPUBLIC. 

On  December  2,  1907,  the  Paraguayan  Congress  met  in  extraor- 
<linary  session  to  receive  a  project  from  the  Government  for  the 
creation  of  a  mixed  bank  to  be  called  '* Banco  de  la  Repuhlica'^  (Bank 
of  the  Republic).     The  main  points  in  the  project  are: 

Period  of  continuance,  fifty  years;  the  syndicate  to  subscribe  the 
first  series  of  the  capital  of  $4,000,000  gold;  no  other  bank  to  be 
granted  the  same  privileges;  capital  to  be  820,000,000  gold,  in 
series,  the  first  to  be  of  $6,000,000,  of  which  the  Government  is  to  take 
$2,000,000  and  the  syndicate,  $4,000,000;  the  privileges  of  the  bank 
to  be  the  issue  of  notes  and  bonds,  to  be  intrusted  with  the  Treasury 
operations, and  to  be  the  financial  agent  of  the  State;  all  public  funds 
to  be  deposited  ther^;  to  establish  a  mortgage  sectiim  with  the 
right  to  issue  cedulas:  freedom  from  all  taxation:  the  notes  issued 
by  the  bank  to  be  convertible  at  par,  each  dollar  paper  having  a 


98         INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

value  of  10  cents  gold;  these  notes  to  be  received  by  the  State  and 
private  individuals  as  gold  up  to  $1,000;  the  bank  to  hold  a  gold 
reserve  equivalent  to  a  tliird  of  its  note  issue;  to  have  the  sole  right 
to  issue  nickel  coins  and  silver  coins  of  $1  and  $2;  the  €k>vemment 
to  name  three  directors,  and  the  shareholders  six;  10  per  cent  of  the 
profits  to  go  to  the  reserve  fund  until  this  reaches  20  per  cent  of  the 
capital;  a  conversion  fund  to  be  opened,  to  which  10  per  cent  of  the 
profits  are  to  go,  as  well  as  the  product  of  the  export  tax  on  hides, 
and  wliich  is  to  be  used  solely  for  conversion  of  the  actual  paper 
currency;  all  old  paper  currency  paid  in  for  account  of  the  conversion 
at  the  rate  of  10  cents  gold  per  dollar  to  be  destroyed;  the  State  to 
gradually  increase  the  conversion  fund  in  the  proportion  necessary 
to  cancel  the  present  issue  within  eight  years. 


PERU. 

TBBATY  WITH  BOLIVIA. 

The  following  treaty  of  commerce  and  customs  was  concluded 
between  Peru  and  Bolivia  on  November  27,  1905;  ratifications 
exchanged  in  Lima  on  January  30,  1906;  and  pubUcation  made  in 
''El  Peruano''  of  February  14,  1906. 

Article  I.  Peru  and  Bolivia  hereby  establish  their  commercial 
relations  on  the  basis  of  perfect  reciprocity. 

Art.  II.  Both  countries  grant  free  commercial  transit  of  all  natural 
Oi-  manufactured  products  of  cither  of  them  as  well  as  those  of  foreign 
countries  imported  tlurough  the  routes  of  Mollendo  and  Puno  to 
i^a  Paz  and  Mollendo  to  Pelechuco,  via  Cojate,  and  vice  versa. 
*  ♦  ♦  *  ♦  *  # 

Art.  V.  Cattle  of  every  description  intended  for  consumption  in 
Peni  or  Bolivia,  crossing  the  territory  of  the  other  country  in  transiti 
shall  not  be  liable  to  any  charges,  except  the  local  rates  which  are  or 
may  hereafter  be  established  on  the  transit  of  cattle  originating  from 
the  country  collecting  the  tax. 

Art.  VI.  For  the  mutual  convenience  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
contiguous  zcmes  of  the  Republics,  the  importation  of  the  following 
articles,  if  proceeding  from  either  of  the  two  countries,  shall  be  free 
from  all  fiscal  or  municipal  tax,  whether  in  Peru  or  in  Bolivia,  and  also 
exempted  from  the  production  of  all  consular  or  customs  documents. 
Fresh  fruits,  fresh  fish,  fresh  shrimps,  fresh  meat,  cheese,  milk,  eggs, 
potatoes,  chunoy  quinua,  canagnd,  maize,  barley  in  the  grain.  Nor 
shall  any  fiscal  or  n^unicipal  tax  be  levied  in  either  country  on  the 
specified  quantities  of  the  following  products:  Mutton  up  to  10  kilo- 
grams;   dried  meat  and  gieaves  (chicharronfH)  up  to  23  kilograms; 


PERU.  .  99 

butter  up  to  6  kilograms;  wool  of  sheep,  alpacas,  or  lamas  up  to  12 
kilograms;  ox  hides  or  sheep  skins  up  to  23  kilograms;  coca  up  to  12 
kilograms;  cocoa  up  to  6  kilograms;  coffee  up  to  12  kilograms;  and 
chocolate  up  to  5  kilograms. 

He  )ic  9ie  Jle  :|c  ale  ale 

Art.  VIII.  The  treaty  dated  June  7,  1881,  is  hereby  wholly 
abolished,  as  well  as  the  additional  protocols  thereto. 

Art.  IX.  After  the  approval  hereof  and  the  exchange  of  ratifica- 
tions, the  present  treaty  shall  take  effect  from  July  1  next,  the  com- 
mercial treaty  of  1881  being,  therefore,  maintained  until  that  date. 

Art.  X.  The  present  treaty  shall  be  binding  for  five  years  and  shall 
be  deemed  to  continue  indefinitely  unless  either  of  the  two  contracting  • 
parties  shall  have  given  a  year's  notice  in  advance  to  terminate  the 
same. 

STEAMSHIP  SEBVICE  BETWEEN  NEW  YOBE:  AND  CAIiLAO. 

With  the  inauguration  of  the  new  steamsliip  service  between  New 
York  and  Callao  by  the  National  Steamship  and  Floating  Dock  Com- 
pany of  Callao  (Compania  Nddonal  de  Vapores  y  Dique  del  CaUao) 
via  Panama,  a  great  economic  advance  in  the  commercial  intercourse 
of  the  two  sections  will  be  brought  about.  This  enterprise,  which 
will,  it  is  anticipated,  be  in  full  operation  early  in  1008,  is  capitalized 
for  $15,000,000  and  is  to  receive  a  subsidy  from  the  Peruvian  Govern- 
ment of  $1,500,000.  Fast  steamers  are  now  imder  construction  for 
the  line  in  England  and  the  purpose  is  to  make  the  run  from  Panama 
to  Callao  in  five  instead  of  eleven  or  twelve  days,  as  at  present. 

Callao  is  the  largest  port  on  the  Pacific  between  San  Francisco  and 
Valparaiso  and  a  great  impetus  will  be  afforded  to  its  development 
through  the  greater  expedition  in  the  dispatch  of  its  business  rela- 
tions with  the  ports  of  Europe  and  the  United-States  afforded  by  this 
new  steamship  route. 

CUSTOMS  BEVENT7ES  OP  laUITOS,  FIBST  TEN  MONTHS  OP  1907. 

The  revenues  collected  at  the  fluvial  custom-house  of  Iquitos,  Peru, 
during  the  first  ten  months  of  1907,  amoimted  to  £217,363.3.33,  as 
compared  with  £139,754.8.32,  sum  collected  in  the  same  period  of 
1906. 

BAILBOAD  FBOM  CTJZCO  TO  LA  CONVENCION. 

On  September  12,  1907,  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  of  the  Peruvian 
Congress  approved  a  bill  providing  for  the  construction  of  a  railroad 
hne  which,  starting  from  the  city  of  Cuzco  and  passing  through  the 
Provinces  of  Calca  and  Urubamba,  or  Anta  and  T^rubamba,  shall 
terminate  at  the  city  of  Santa  Ana,  capital  of  the  Province  of  La 
Convencion.  .  ,.    >:' 


100    I^'Tl:R^^vTIo^^vL  buueal*  or  the  ameukax  bepubucs. 

TABIFF  MODIFICATIONB. 

l"«  Prmano  "  No.  i..  ..f  Ki'Itiimpj*  LM.  IJHW.] 

Article  1.  In  the  custtun-lunisi's  of  the  Department  of  Loreto 
the  articles  comprised  in  secti«»n  7  of  tlie  customs  tariff  are  to  pay  an 
import  duty  of  15  per  cent  «)ii  (lie  valuations  stated  therein. 

Art.  2.  The  followinjc  are  to  l)e  admitted  free  of  duty:  Live  cattle; 
vesst»ls,  steam  or  other,  ])ut  tt)<:ether  or  not,  and  naval  stores;  coal; 
tools  and  machinery  of  all  kinds  for  agriculture  and  industry;  rails 
and  accessories,  and  all  rollino:  stock  f(»r  railways;  coined  gold; 
hooks  and  school  re(|uisites;  furnaces  for  industrial  use;  copper  stills 
for  rectifyin*;;  pans  <»f  iron  or  co])i>er  wei^hin*^  more  than  46  Idlo- 
•  grams;  cups  and  other  appliances  used  exclusively  for  the  collection 
of  rubher. 

Art.  .3.  All  other  merchaudist*  im])orted  shall  pay  30  per  c«nt  on 
the  valuation  stated  in  the  tarill',  except  t^old  and  silver  jewelry  set 
witli  ])recious  stones,  and  unset  ])recious  stones,  which  shall  pay  3 
per  cent;  ;j:old  and  silver  mamifactures,  which  shall  pay  10  percent, 
and  wooden  matches,  wliich  shall  ])ay  the  specific  import  and  con- 
sumption dvties  fixed  hv  the  larifV. 

Art.  4.  All  nihher  ex])<»rted  through  the  same  custom-houses, 
whatever  its  class  or  (|uality,  shall  ])ay  a  duty  of  20  cent<ti'os  per  kilo- 
gram (gn)ss  weight),  or  24  cmtaros  (net  weight)  when  not  packed 
in  cases.     *     *     * 

(■•/;/  J'mtoiio"  Sn.  7,  oi  M;iix-h  lo.  \m>.] 

Sr)LE  article.  The  importation  of  live  cattle  for  consumption 
shall  be  exempt  fn»m  duty  during  a  period  of  four  years. 

f-'/.V  Vtrvtint,''  \'>.  -J.  '.f  .Inly  II,  VMWu] 

From  and  after  June  1,  lOOO,  tiic  sea  custcun-houses  of  the  Repub- 
lic shall,  in  accordance  willi  arlidc  4  of  the  law  of  January  27  last, 
levy  on  export  at  i«)ii  of  India  nibljcr  20  arituros  ])er  kilogram  (gross 
weighty  or  24  vvnhiroH  per  kilognim  (net  weight)  wlien  not  packed  in 
cases. 

[••  /;/  J'tnunio"  So.  \i.  i.f  .Ijuiiiitry  r.».  I'M):.] 

Article  1.  A  tax  of  2  ])er  cent  shall  be  levied  on  the  net  amount 
of  import  duitcs  payable  on  merchandise  entcM'ifig  the  Department  of 
Piura,  with  tlie  exception  of  '^Tocpiilla"  straw. 

^  ^  *<:  'A'  '■':■  :>,'  4t 

Art.  i).  The  tax  esta])lisho(I  by  tlie  present  hiw  shall  be  collected 
by  the  customs  at  Paita  during  ten  years  from  the  date  of  promulga-. 
tion  hereof. 

[••/;/  Pinuino"  Nil.  l."»,  vi  Ki'l-nmry  1«..  i'.Hi7.] 

Sole  article.  Machint»s  called  '^amtunnin^.s,"  registering  but  not 
stamping  tickets  for  amount  of  iheir  recei])L-,  shall  ])ay  an  import 
duty,  of  10  per.cent  cm  such  value  as  the  Executive,  in  exercise  of  his 
llo\^.^^s,  fehdlE  assets  thereon. 


UWITED   STATES.  101 

i"El  Peruano"  No.  16,  of  February  23, 1907.] 

From  and  after  March  1,  1907,  there  shall  be  levied  at  the  Sala- 
verry  custom-h9Use  an  additional  tax  of  2  per  cent,  established  for 
providing  the  city  of  Trujillo  with  a  water  supply. 

[•'  El  Prruano*'  No.  16,  of  February  23, 1907.] 

From  and  after  March  1,  1907,  there  shall  be  levied  at  the  Paita 
custom-house  an  additional  tax  of  2  per  cent,  established  for  carry- 
ing out  public  works  in  the  Department  of  Piura. 

[  •  rCl  Peruano"  No.  21.  of  April  11,  1(«)7.] 

In  virtue  of  the  present  resolution,  the  customs  shall  appraise 
macliines  called  '^corUometros''  (cash  registers)  at  £10  each. 


SALVADOR. 

CUSTOMS  BBVENXTBS,  FIBST  QUARTER  OF  1907. 

According  to  official  figures  recently  received  from  Salvador,  the 
custom-houses  of  the  Republic  collected  during  the  first  quarter  of 
1907  a  total  revenue  of  1,087,249.45  pesos  ($543,624.72),  which,  com- 
pared with  the  revenues  of  the  same  months  of  1906,  shows  a  decrease 
of  291,808.85  pesos  ($145,904.42). 


UNITED  STATES. 

TRADE  WITH  LATIN  AMERICA. 
STATEMENT   OF   IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS. 

Following  is  the  latest  statement,  from  figures  compiled  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics,  United  States  Department  of  Commerce  and 
Labor,  showing  the  value  of  the  trade  between  the  United  States  and 
Latin- American  countries.  The  report  is  for  the  month  of  November, 
1907,  with  a  comparative  statement  for  the  corresponding  month  of 
the  previous  year;  also  for  the  eleven  months  ending  November,  1907, 
as  compared  with  the  same  period  of  the  preceding  year.  It  should  be 
explained  that  the  figures  from  the  various  custom-houses,  showing 
imports  and  exports  for  any  one  month,  are  not  received  at  the 
Treasury  Department  until  about  the  20th  of  the  following  month, 
and  some  time  is  necessarily  consumed  in  compilation  and  printing, 
so  that  the  returns  for  November,  for  example,  are  not  published 
until  some  time  in  January. 


102     li^TERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


Xorem]>er. 


Countries. 


Imports. 


lOOt). 


Ontral  American  Slates: 

Costa  Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 


Total  Central  American  States. 


Mexico 

West  Indian  States: 

Cuba 

Haiti 

Santo  Domingo.. 


South  American  States: 

Argentina 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

I'eni 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 


1224,761 

29,583 

203,949 

53.971 

175.653 

5,918 


753.835 


3,918,125 

3.125,092 
108.004 
77.070 


899,866 


12,242,547 

2,025,219 

468.997 

332,269 


538.371 
289,968 
425,156 


1907. 


$209,276 

45.012 

245.451 

124,732 

134,198 

13,705 


772.374 


2.838.430 
89.760 
35.700 


873,391 


7.884,241 

1,476.105 

684.995 

320,163 

1.834 

563.251 

67.498 

664,850 


Exports. 


•1906. 


1204,536 
194.601 
140,910 
176,052 
1,273,507 
160,648 


2,151,154 


5,338,561 

4.338.872 
301.917 
219.924 


2.622.480 
22.731 

1.717,167 
772.999 
232,677 
144,504 
6,581 
506.170 
261,564 
295,000 


1907. 


S272,1G2 
130,908 
182,152 
167,600 
1,518.114 
106, 7U 


2, 


5,002,180 

3,928,650 
466.544 
236,031 


2.190.616 

129,311 

1,436,773 

1,156.967 

285,750 

176,874 

18,581 

875,876 

350.480 

303,017 


Eleven  months  ending  November. 


Countries. 


Imports. 
1900.         I        1907 


Exports. 
1906.  1907. 


Central  American  States: 

(■oHta  Uica 

Guatemala 

Honduras , 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 


H'>00.:>15 
2.650.548 
2,040.458 
1,270,176 
1.343.259 
1.193.113 


S5, 075. 582 
4,149,368 
2,250.880 
1.145.901 
1.565.150 
1.185,262 


82.265,420 
2,795,628 
1.698.818 
1.837.063 

12,956.871 
1,217,925  j 


82,513.888 
2,131.049 
1.663,088 
1.611.410 

17,000,221 
1,400,722 


Total  Central  American  States. 


13.007.069         15.372.143        22.  HI,  725 


Mexico 

West  Indian  States: 

Cuba 

Haiti 

Santo  Domingo. 


South  American  States: 


46.888,0a')  I      54,271,926        50.736.960 


K2..'»04.98l»  I 

916.4.V2  i 

3.373.748  ! 


90.012.232 
1.150.982 
3.146.817 


42.420,197 
3.0a'>.139 
2.065.933 


26.400,325 


62,795,734 

48.340,460 
2.849.414 
2.428.080 


Argentina. 
Bolivia.... 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia . . 
Ecuador... 
Paraguay . 

Peru 

(Uruguay . . 
Venezuela . 


I 
17,445,703         15,399,489 


72.587.875 
15.889,170 
6.144.682  , 
2,871. .309  i 
1.200  . 
2.ri04,937 
2.;<03.<I51  ; 
7. 200.  ♦■•20  I 


79.a57.ia') 
16.949.978 
.5,957.725 
2,691..'i21 
7,261 
0..'i09,443 
2,858,772 
7,122.422 


29.688.641 
151.257 

14.895.463 
8.2.57.860 
2.720,895 
1,682.910 
04.819 
4,738,723 
2.833.797 
3.045,451 


26,966,421 

1.470.588 

19.235.415 

10.755.044 

2.855,561 

1,680,330 

150,200 

6,507.133 

3.565.004 

2.522.012 


Tlie  various  items  of  import  and  export,  with  the  countries  of  ori- 
gin and  destination,  were  as  follows: 


UNITED   STATES. 


loa 


IMPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE. 


November- 


Articles  and  countries. 


Eleven  months  ending 
November— 


Oenttai  AmtfTU^A.  

BniTll 

1      ■-  ;   -•    .th  Aiii-'-rii^ii      


Coffee  {Cafi:  cafi;  cafe): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

BraxJl 

Other  South  America . . 


Copper  {Cobre;  cobre;  cobre): 
Me:  ' 


lexko. 

Cuba 

South  America. 


1900. 


$2, 353 
380,178 
lSt>,082 


43,091 

14.707 

8, 7'iO,  6.'>4 

504,004 


1,153,095 

22, 149 

25 


€!0ltpfi*  umnanijJac!tur«*d  {Algodbn  (n  rama;  algodAo 
em  foma;  t^elt^n  imn  manufacture): 

aoutB  Ameika 

l3Et]«M^Tan]pf colder  ylxtlr;  ixtU;  ixtle): 

Mfldeo,..,, 

liBemtfrnn:  henequen.'heruquen): 


I 


^    Wtm\Ui 

lAiUTUt-)  {Pl^tTtnnj^:  bananas;  banancs): 


Cuba 

South  America , 

Oranges  {Naranjas;  naranja«;  oranges): 

Mexico 

Cuba 


Furs  and  fur  jklm  lPUk4  ySwM/  pelles  Unas;  peaux) : 
South  .imi*rtt'»  


Indi*  rubber,  crude  (^Ooma  el^gtica;  borrachn  cruda; 
caomtchouc): 

Central  America 

Mexico. 

BraxiL 

Other  South  \mcrica 


81,S1G 

170,714 

,  43.'.,  725 


417,906 
1,082 


Goat  tklns  {Pieles  de  cabra:  pe^Us;  peaux dcc/iiv res) :  : 

Mexico 

Brartl...  

Other  South  America 

Hides  of  cattle  {Cturos  racunos;  couroif  de  gado;  cuirs 
de  bitait) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 


13,050 
1,431 


15, 423 


139, 120 
112,113 
171,531 


110.008 
•20.437 
10,042 

787,(i.52 


52,8,37 

l.>4, 175 

2,711,451 

1-29,172 


iTfmoni  yfineraldehierro;  mineral  de  ferro;  viineral 
defer): 
Cub* -227,101 

Lead  ore  ( Plomo;  diumbo;  plomb) : 
Mexico. 10K,012 

Su^r,  not  th   fc  No.  l^i  Dutdi  ^-rtjindArtl  [Azucar,  in-  . 
f trior  fil      K  W dfi  mod f Jo  hfjU^mUs:  fhssucar  n&o 
ruperifr  f  t  Xo*ttidfpft4trikQtfOllaTidi::sucre,pas 
audetir  i!-!f    1  t^pt  hollanda  is  Xti  .W): 

Mexico. 310 

Cub* (H  »S ,  289 

BraxiL '        178,9.% 

Other  South  America 740,928 

Tobacco  and  manufactures  (  Tabaco  y  sus  manufactu- 
ras;  tabaco eeusmanufacturas;  tabacctf;es  manu- 
fattures): 
Cuba 1,837,187 

Wood,mMhofakny  (Owba:  mogno;  acajou): 

Central  America 77, '291 

Mexieo. 38,2:M 

23,049 


1907. 


$1,951 
301,970 
303,482 


30,  4<U 
42.705  I 
5,224,397 
955,891 


802,121 

078 

127,280 


1900. 


$22,220 
1,917,991 
1,974,056 


1907. 


143,048 
2,015,349 
2,4?2,079 


5,888,987  7,573,151 

2,004,390  ,  l,(i06,401 

42,527,097  !  40,541,702 

8,831,394  8,540,152 


10, 085, 707 
08,383  ' 
094,517 


17,530,379 

1-20, 120 

1,248,251 


93,943  ;    501,472     537,876 

01,4'>8   1,199,180    1,088,521 

,082,082   12,r)W,182   1,3,5.'.1,202 


427,324  .5,143,570; 
3,701  1,-202.979  ' 
38,288     309,429  : 


5,230,415 

1,097,815 

328,312 


23,009     31,4,'«i      00.998 
214      8,749  I      4,277 

22,700     -290,380  I     17.''.,:)33 


140,220   2,4,37,18,'> 
127,040   1,570,400  ! 
87,147   2,'23<),079 


30,355 
3,707  , 


400,817 


1,303,004 
132,089 
193. 720 

7,988,5.->5 


2,280,903 
1.4<i7,210 
1,458,  .513 


1,312, -237 
'2*29,347 
237. 153 

8,172,392 


,53,282  1        712,152  ,  731,307 

197,900  I     1,-37,3, 520  ;  .3,584,799 

2,090,0ti9  ,  24,447,204  2t'),  48,3, 385 

179, 8:U        1,108,079  !  1,100,413 


238,428       2,045,284         2,  .324, 196 
424,354  ,     2,532,077  '       2,805,2«j1 


144             78,582  1,022,738 

5«i5,297     .50,344.473  00,538,015 

507,002  I  -278,491 

3-2,890  I     1,7.37,019  71.3,272 


709,7tiO  I 


124, 129 
98,542  I 
29,087  1 


',951,951        14,838,736 


448,520 
454,8<.0 
107,475 


0.30,060 
071,559 
179, 74« 


2081— Bun.  1—08- 


104      INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 
IMPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE— Contiiiuoa. 


Articles  an«i  countries. 


Wool  (Lana;  l&,  laine.) : 
South  America- 
Class  1  (clothing)... 
Class 2  (combing)... 
CUissS  (carpet) 


November— 
190('..  1(107. 


Eleven  months  ending 
November— 


i«3r>.  - 


1907 


I 


Sl,429  . 
31,837 


$17,427 

82,040 

1,W2 


EXPORTS   OF   MKRCHANDISE. 


$0,529,807       $5,016,012 
205,838  :  e\A,9iA 

759.188  410,018 


Agricultural  implements  (Instrvmrntoji  agrlcolas;  in- 
8trumento8  at  agricultu ra;  vtachineg agricoles) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  South  America 


Anlmalti: 

C&tUciOanadovacuno;  gado:  bltail): 

Mexico 

Cuba 

S{»uth  America 

nogs  (  Ccrdos;  porcoa;  ponr^) : 

Mexico 

South  America 

Horses  {Caballoa;  cavaltos;  rkcvonr): 

Mexico 

Sheep  (Ovejait;  ovclhos:  brebin) : 

Mexico 


Books,  maps, etc.  (Libros,  majxis,  rtc;  lirro.^,  mapjtax, 
etc.;  litres,  jtiappes,  etc: 

(k'ntntl  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brawl 

Chil«' 

Other  South  A  morica 


Breadstuffs: 

Corn  (Afaiz;  milho:  ;««/«); 

(Vntrul  Anierloa 

Mexico 

CulMi 

South  .VmoricM 

Oats  (Arriia:  aieia.  aroint   .• 

O'ntnil  .Vmorica 

M<>xic(> 

Cuba 

South  America 

Wheat  <  Trigo:  trigo;  hit   : 

Centnil  America 

Mexico 

South  .\  nii'rica 

Wheat  flour  {.llarina  dr  trigo:  fnrinhn  «/<  tngo.  turii 
dr  bit )  : 

Centnii  .Vnu'rica 

Mexico 

<'ul)a 

Brazil 

Colonibia * 

Other  South  Anii'ric.j 


Carriages,  etc.  i('arrtutjrf<:  mrruaofn^:  ioiturt.> 

Mexico : 

Soutii  Aun'rica , 


Cir'*.  p.ijjst'iigi'r  Mild  friM^bt  f  Trrnrn  /nirn  jui'-ag*'  v 
cargti:  nirrox  di'  imxmgt  iro!*  *  tariHi:  nmjun,*  de 
royagnirit  rt  df  inor('hartdix(  s- • 

('••nt ral  .Vnu'rica 

Mexico 

Culm 

Argi'ntine  Ui«ptil)lif 

i'hile 

other  South  A nn'rkj 


41,201 
3,570  ' 
268,3S5  ; 
9,159  , 
25,0tV4  ! 

13,149  : 

i 

84,030  I 
19.825 
0,440  I 

35, 7'-io 
10 

59,375  ; 

l.r»30 


0.789 
34.314 
22,533 
11.274 
10.304 
J2.S15 

0. 999 


1,073 

K9..HK9 

153.941 

499 

1.3H1 

4.  :t9«i 
2<).  7»M 


r.U.  17.S 
in.. -.07 


9-5.177 

9.  IhT 

272. 9")2 

iol!ii7 

12, 997 
Hi.'i,  .ViO 


04.  \27 
1«».9J'.» 


]70.f*.7 
2'.*2.  41«» 
.".'{.  Hiiii 
21 U.  <M) 
31.410 
1 1 .  !».•  .1 


67.111 
4,890 
l<i0,838 
25, 157 
26,583 
11,758 


101.023 
13.807 
13.000 

15. 154 
105 

10,805 

10.048 


4,742 
29.  .324 
11.781 

9.247 

S.  122 
33.1SI 

S.024 


4..-»»7 

14.177 

114.370 

1.821 

5.504 

1.7ft-) 

32.949 

7<C) 


499,970 
110,363 
4,201,637 
03,007 
404,844 


755,210 

09LO32 

69,984 

204,219 


321,301 
100,845 


57,145 
240.107 
203.129 
100.917 
102.939 
173.448 

70,710 


52,418 
l,107,3»*i 
1,190,830 

11.897 

24,215 

.'i0,737 

267,722 

19,138 


190  25.525 

1.2«i2        1.473.714 

170. 17ii  i        324.573 


I 


159.22»i 

ii,;cs 

29^.  3«i(. 
l.'r4.;404 
10. 144 

IS3.587 


15.  r..;2 
12.011 


.-►4.410 
10ii.Uii>l 
137.  ♦?.».» 
Ki.  W2 
22.  4««) 
17.S.014 


1.4<i4.2S6 

lu.n- 

2.613,(»4 

l,l<yl,7U 

118.  dU 

2,299,449 


078.280 
112. 311 


2.003.210 

1.588,057 

968.809 

1,0M.9W 

142.187 

111.229 


«0»fM 

129,124 
3,181,898 
173,484 
431,418 
1881, 2W 


725,517 

2331809 

52,194 

106,212 
8,a2« 

2r9,n7 

7S.510 


82,714 
315,988 
290,565 
75,988 
77,191 
U«,8» 
125,961 


71^992 

958,893 

1.481,956 

•17,582 

^  44,889 

50,895 

291.881 

9^748 

26.563 

1,441.3&H 

335,9119 


1,737.471 
186^779 

3,218,328 

1,482,131 
173,694 

1,544,373 


573.116 
230.933 


1,522.015 
1,6U.449 

673. 9M 
1.131.9» 

186.883 
1,036,339 


UNITED    8TATiC8. 


105 


EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE-Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


Cycles  and  parts  of  (Bicidetas  y  su9  accesorios:  bicy- 
clos  e  partes;  bicyclettes  et  leurs  parties): 

Mexico 

Cul>a 

Argentine  Republic 

Btmiil 

Otber  South  America 

Cloeks  and  WAtches  (Relo^^  4e  pared  y  boistilo;  reio- 
9ios  de  boUo  y  parede;  h^rioges  et  montreff) : 

Ceatral  America 

Mexico 

AngentiDS  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  Soath  America 

Coal  (Carb^:  carvAo;  chaibou): 

M«3rico 

Cuba 

Copper  (  Cdbre;  cobre;  cuirre): 
Mexico 

Fibers: 

Cotton,  imammiiasturei  (Ai§9ddn  en  ruma;  aJ^odUo 
em  rama;  coton  non  manvfacturi): 

Mexico 

Cotton  cloths  (  Tejidos  de  algoddn;  fazendas  de  algo- 
4»o:  cokm  matmfacturt): 

CHitrul  America 

Merlco 

Cuba 

Argentine  Repablic 

BrmsU 

Chite 

C^jIotu  tnii , . . . 

VerM»/iii<th ,  ,* 

Otl*r  Soaih  Amn^a 

Wesnng  a|Hr«l  {tt&pn  de  algoddn;  roupa  de  algod&o; 
rrtnen/wj  de  ntttni : 

Cesitrml  Ameileii 


November— 
190().  1007. 


j  Eleven  months  ending 
I  November— 


1907, 


Fish: 

(SaimAmj  mimih;  miumon) : 

Soitli  'Aiii«Ti"?a ] . . 


I  And  nots  {  FruMt  y  nueces;   fruHa.s  e  nozes; 
GifttTvi  Amer k  Li 


Smth  America 

<2hico*e  and  grape  migar  {Olucosas;    glucotett;    glu- 


Affn«tu»  Ro|mWii> 
Other  S^omth  Ail 


immtrmm^tmt 

y  ejrfT»ii#*'0«.  ajUlHTWg  ^imricos  e  scientificos;  ap- 


Cuba. 

Aigentine  Republic . . . 

BrarU 

Other  SoaCh  America. 


•6,596 

2,885 

579 

1,583 

1,846 


1,856 
2,003 
4.976 
9,826 
6,149 
2,777 


209,675 
137,439 


53,319 


I 


344 


165,902 
22,241 
82.224 
34,544 
48,406 
92.209 
75.3ai 
41,887 
58.380 


27.02.) 
17,450 
30,834  , 
13,510  I 

39,012 
13,051 


305 
21,437 


15.202 
31.924 


19,130 


3,312 

508 


4.181 
47.381 
9,357 
8,010 
2.943 
12. 434 


$9,708 
3,412 
1,220 
1,578 
1,209 


2,473 
3,290 
3,414 
11,458 
6.240 
2,543 


188.353 
238,385 


76, 164 


17,156 


125,166 

14.6.'.8 

120,150 

8.528 
20.849 
80.520 
47,138 
23.842 
49,036 


5.'),  228 
38.411 
28.928 
10,271 


160. 
15, 


374 
167.622 


21.253 
32,403 
33.221 
25..>62 


21 


6.787 
21,944 

7,234 
10.098 
13, 541 
ltl,020 


164.986 
28,912 
17,402  1 
9,760  ■ 
19,391 


15,999  : 
66.982  I 
71,224 
73,081  I 
43.147 
38.220 


2,928.296 
l,758.a-)7 


900,041 


522,372 


1,533.724 
218.731 
892.560 
238.841 
422.708 
779,924 
756. 100 
43.-),  481 
403.137 


273.076 
222.758 
287.186 
101.389 

1.157.210 
223.867 


3.;«0 
163.. >41 


94.284 
207.874 
158. 7:^ 
124,077 


88.971 
.5.483 


06. 102 

357.  rm 

137.4.18 
118.  \M 
.W.  5.=>;{ 
142.852 


$61,013 
45.684 
15, 346 
12.523 
13,142 


19.392 
56.902 
64.524 
^.152 
55.102 
38.892 


3.037,421 
2.071.267 


1,430,614 


55,615 


1.580.762 
228.209 
998.902 
102.476 
425.89(i 
648.008 
633.828 
262.069 
470.501 


.544.834 
426.203 
375.575 
111.003 

1,654.985 
262.320 


4.288 
.'iOl.730 


147.322 
215.382 
208.257 
l.")8.901 


49.501 
9.113 


74.783 
361,471 
155.a'iti 
156. 028 
109.937 
184. 79S 


106     INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAI/   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBUCS. 


EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE— Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


Instrnments— Continued. 
Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments  (Instrumentoa 

telfor&ficosytelefdnicos;  instrumentostrlegraphicos 

€  telephonicoa;  instruments  Uligraphiquea  et  UU- 

phomques) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Rebublic 

Brazil 

Other  South  America , 

Electrical  machinery  ( ^faqttinaria  cUctrica:  machinas 

electricas;  machines  clectriques) : 

Central  America , 

Mexico , 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

BrazU 

Other  South  America 

Iron  and  steel,  manofarturers  of: 

Steel  rails  {Carrilcs  de  accro;  trilhos  de  qqo;  rails 
d'acier): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

South  America 

Stnictural  iron  and  steel  (IJicrro  y  accro  para  construe- 

cidn.-fcrro  e  a<iO  para  construcg&o;  fer  et  acicr  pour 

la  construction) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

South  America 

Wire  (Alambre;  arame;  pi  defer) : 

Central  America 

Mexico , 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic , 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 

Builders'  hardware,  etc.  ( Matrrialcs  dr   metal  para 

construccidn; fcrragins;  materiaux  de  construction 

fnfer  et  acicr): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

(^hile 

Colombia 

Venuzuela 

Other  South  America 

Metal  working  machinery  {Maquinaria  /xini  trabajnr 

metales;  machinismos  para  trabalhar  cm  mital; 

machines  pour  travaiUrr  Irs  metaui): 

Mexico 

South  America 

Pipes  and  nttlnes  ( Caeriila;  tubos;  tuyoux) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  South  America 

Sewing  machines  and  parts  of  ( ^tuqvinus  de  coser  y 

sus  acce.jtorios;  machinas  de  coftr  e cicrrxorio.*;  ma- 
chines h  coudre  et  leurs  parti* s): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Arpentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 

Steam  engines  and  parts  of  ( Locomotorax  u  acce.sorio^  \ 

locomotivas  c  acce^orios;  locomoti/s  (t  Irurx  par-  . 

ties):  \ 

Central  America 

Mexico I 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil : 

Other  South  America 


Novem):>er— 
11KK>.  1907. 


Eleven  months  ending 
November^ 


I 


S1G,271 
70,687 
83,110 
31,264 
83,165 
54,380 


4.909 
60,371 

6,238 
12,106 
44, 175 
14,169 


2,000  . 
114,689  i 
130,903  ! 


26,395 
33.766 
46,643 

18.089 
34,589 
20,814 
75,138 
22.371 
78,084 


34,966 
87,060 
46,389 
68,713 
57.6.31 
32.6.34 
.5.733 
3.451 
28.279 


1,3. 100 
9,753 

27. 445 
76,778 
.37.0(iS 
12.  .'iW 
14.r>46 


11.498 
77.455 
26.479 
.'19.572 
70.849 
5.470 
30.500 


101.763 
321. S39 
14.3. 49K 
S.126 
.31*..  517 
15.285 


$18, 448 
68,161 
42,879 
12,265 
36,013 
77,617 


3,787 
134,567 

2,648 
30,490 
49,486 
27,210 


1906. 


S156,381 
911.502 
533,665 
326.872 
709,982 
418,878 


36.764 
953,241 
436,681 
162.402 
497,212 
134,823 


1907. 


101.023 
67.910  '   721 ; 825 
107,438  :  2.572,779 


75,872 
28.283 
70,270 

27,066 
98,349 
19,623 
127,886 
34,748 
92,332 


30.374 
91.539 
31,087 
63.411 
57.274 
41,135 
4,630 
3,446 
37,530 


7,026 
16.217 

35.243  i 
172,tJ4'3 
155. S37  i 
29.261  I 
38,691  : 


12,529 
67.451 

2,250 
21.215 
37.158 

S.437 
61,837 


19.020 
62.K97 
33.098 

64,118  ' 


480,112 
346.682 
334,524 

210.538 
530,574 
420.762 
1,410.159 
195,938 
435.460 


314,701 
997,179 
530.988 
762,613 
431.314 
261.301 
68.959 
54,464 
275,760 


58,871 
72.866 

l->68.803 
1,443.706 
398.529 
129.794 
219.812 


128.800 
756.197 
310.187 
535.308 
283.465 
69.964 
386,955 


1.197,209 
963.174 
468.506 
216.481 
596.046 
512,375 


6227,364 
707,106 
358.227 
179,207 
1,163,206 
703,901 


89,4S3 
1,472,671 

63,991 
164.616 
950.808 
181,206 


686,189 

967,281 

2,256,641 


690.757 
360,771 
720,270 

211,065 
1,027,021 


335,240 
690,844 


343,282 

1,099,906 

680.486 

«ao,96i 

547,512 

374,454 

87,130 

40,130 

366,406 


89,886 
166.111 

543.807 
1,470.818 
996,141 
118,040 
281,114 


132,132 
674.0» 
274,306 
331,563 
487,827 
75.138 
465,490 


843,30 
431,70i 
633, 2M 
206.401 
675,306 
l,067,0a 


UNITED    STATES. 


107 


EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE— Continued. 


Artldo  and  couutriea. 


Typpwritiiffi  ninttiijieit  and  ptirtsi  at  CMemn^rnfoi  p 


ckirtf!  d  ^(  Ti>f  ft  leu.r4  part  it*}; 

Cei^trna  ATOtrJcft,. , 

MexiKi.  „.,.,..„, .,. „ 

rub*.„, 

ArgrntiiM  Rppubttc^  .,*,*,,.,„.*. 

Br»tll ..,,:..„,. 

rolombitt .._..._,_.,., 

Otiwr  South  Amerldi 


Le^thfT.  ottier  than  sok  i  CuerQ,  di  rfi'nio  dii  de  xudan; 
coura,  ndo  para  jtdIoj^  rulr^,  auire4  que  po^r  jre- 

Dpntr«l  AiQQi'tca »...,.--. . , 

f\ib*., , 

Ar^atii3«  Republic-*,., 

Br&xU .., ,,....,., .,,..^.,.,...^. 

Otb^  South  Ami^ilai ,  *.,.„,.,„,,,.. „ , 

Bnol9  and  phncs  <  Calad<K:  cai^adosj  eluiuAMure*)  i 

Central  Amcuiea. .... .....„,„ _ 

MvjAc(>. .„....,.„.,.... 

Ccilombla , » ..,....*.,.„. , 

Oth«r  Sooth  Amprtefi ........,.._..„_,. 


WMt  lAd  ddlrj-  prodiirt!^: 
rnstnl  Amerks, „ , , , . 

Of hff  South  Atnprtc« ..,..,„.,...,*._.___ 

Bwl,  sattpd  or  pkklnl  ( Cawne  de  saca  Mlada.  6  mto- 
bad&;  car^t  dt  tfaecat  mi^a;  bauf  sail) : 

Oiaitnl  Aanerlca _.._... ......._..,.,. 

Soutb  Am^rktt ,„.. .^^.. ...,,, 

TOlow  (S^tor  tebo;  ^wrf/J: 

CfTitral  America .....„., 

lli^iLico. -,»,.,,„*„___, 

t*ulx«„... ,. ^. 

vhi^,.......... ....,,.,.,.,..:..,.  ..,..„.,...... 

Otlv>r  South  America . - - .^... .„., 

Centnl  A merka ..............,.,^... 

U^\co. ...................^......^.. 

ruKa..,,- 

BrmcU , 

Othe^r  ^utli  Aiiie'ric* „„, 

MtmM  (Jomonci;  presHntm;  ji^mbomjiy. 

refitr»l  Americ*,...,. ,.,.,, .,,., 

«e^kw,._„ 

Cufcia.. ............^.. 

V#iirEit«!A.....„ ,. .....^.^. *.,.... ...... 

Oihi^r  ^outh  Aii3ffrb?& .....^ ... 

W^ik  iOimede  jm^rt^^  tame  de  p&rt^»;  fwn:) : 

Calta. ..... 

ffmith  Am^ricft , ,. 

Ocaira  Amtrkfi. 

UfxIco 

Cnbft ,.. 

BfMll ..-. .., 

Chlte .,. -. , 

ColiHzthkA  ....^. ............ . , ,  _ 

Veo^^xurJji ., 

Othtr  South  AiDprloi ] . 

Butter  (  M^nitmtiikt;  maitfci'pa;  bcur/r}: 

C«Eltr»l  AmcncA.^ ...... ^... ... .„„„,.. 

ll»li?o 

Cub*,.,,.., ,.„... ,..,,. 

BTmx.i\.. .,. 

VrD0«Urlii ...., .. ,...,., 

Other  SfRith  Amf^rin ,„. h.,., 

Cbev«e  iOittto;  Meiio;  fmmage)i 

'  AmetVA........... ....... ....... .,. 


CentnT  J 
Cute... 


Ncxvembar'— 


■'■| 


lODti. 


13.453 

24,073 
2,344 

12,24a 
7,458 
2,857 

17, me  I 


10,241 
]£,42l 
17,3SA 
3ii,7(i3 

4S,^fl 
132, M8 

4.^i7i> 


5,^ 

U,4I4 

751 

4,^78 


10.2SS 
3Q»317 

4,235 

497 

IJ7S 

a.  (.53 

7,IJ5 

iKj.ta4 

i4.ti73 

Mm 

14,4(» 

r>8,389 
7,21G 
7,073 

r-P,294 

ai,7.^ 
5fi.7ta 

293,304 

W.47(* 

11.3M 

S,«.S3 

atf.,i2a 

11.210 
H,232 
7,0Pf. 
2,  WW 
5.131 

2,2i>7 
3,20a 


Eler^n  tuunth^  ending 
Novemb  - 


]«I7, 


S4,213 

27.aa 

Sp74fl 
10.313 


16,  €m 
S.S75 
:^311 
12,eS3 
30,(168 

70,775  I 


n,fi35  I 

l,2fll  I 


lii.790  I 
3;F,770 

1,1*1 
l.3lg  I 
5.547 


3.055  I 
r>.23t>  I 
24.315  , 
ir,M7  \ 
1,K52  I 

10, 14g 

.52. 190 
7.32a 
13.729 

T(;.fiM4 
23,720 

45..'V33 
im7T3 
174,^.00 

ie,,U5  , 
a.2ea  ' 

1G,tl34 

ID.07S  i 

1,0(W 

1,973 

8.39A 

cmi 

4..-|21> 
1,453 


! 


i^m. 


S433?2 

339, -MS 
fi7.573 

102,1144 
57,533 
10,850 

t53,41fi 


182,904 

142,566  I 
27»,  872 

I 

447,223  i 

1.358,f>07  ; 

51.345 

3J7,1G0 


20r«fl 
19,7.« 
42,rt40 


107,5.55 
237.871 

l:;3.42(J 
20,,ir7 
10.780 
B2JB0 
4W,381  I 

20.:3«5 
49,545 
47S.037 
Ui2,2f4 
jn,12« 

103,  e5C 

503.315 
41..'^ 
^,004 

r.13,784  ; 
230,870  j 

4m,  070 
471K330 
2,^*82,454 
ii02,4?it 
157,713 

2*^,«25 
.^i7,ii35 

137. 43P 
124,817 
54,V£3 

\m,  \m 

(i0.l3G 
42,0(38 


i 


14,205 


1907. 


S51,2]S 
340,427 
82,533 
01,297 
fl2,225 
21,C85 
2  Hi,  019 


235,864 
120, G«5 
tB7,20S 
137,3« 

im,m 

§53,456 

l,551/i34 
44,591 
423,455 


73,058 
18,727 
20,150 
4{},131 


180,521 
IS8,8»3 

114  jao 

38,2C9 
71,273 
(15,<;ift8 
51,129 

43,204 
(^,002 
r»2S,f^ 
l«Q,4ii7 
22,009 

l.'y9..5Cfi 

m.aoD 

.■587.(^1 
40,708 
C7,019 

755.713 
252,984 

57?«,574 
714,066 
2,»I20.44L 
I,133.K8 
145,1)13 
SO, 578 
113,W.2 
57», 301 

m,7i3 

00,1157 
42,  h20 
I7J35 
40,G4l 

80,711 
45,3?? 
20,^08 


108      INTERNATIONAL    BUREAX"    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 


EXPORTS  OF  MP:RCnANT)ISE— Continiied. 


Artk'los  uikI  conntrios. 


Naval  Rtores: 
Rosin,  tar,  etc.  {Resina,  alquftran,  rlc;  resinn  e  alca- 
troo;  resine  et  goudron) : 

Cuba 

ATgentin«  Republic 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 

Turpentine  (Aguarraft;  agvnraz;  ttribenthine): 

Central  America 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  South  Ani»'rica 


Novemlieik— 


Oils: 

Mineral,  crude  (Aceites  minerales,  crudos;  oleoa  min- 
ernrs,  cms:  huilfs,  minerales,  bruten) : 

Mexico 

Tiihd 

lUtimiimtlliig  {Armtrxpata  aiumttrfido:  olrnn  jnim  i1- 
iu  m  inata^:  huiles  d  "4ciia  imife  j : 

(i^intrt^l  AmiTTloa 

Cuba ! 

Arg<»ntiue  Republic ; 

B  razil 

Chile 

Other  South  America 

Lubricating  (Aceites  para  la  Ivhricaci^n:  nJros  jxira 
hihrificcuiiko:  huiles ii  gnHstfcr):  \ 

Mexico I 

Cuba I 

Argentine  Kepublie ' 

Brazil ' 


Chile 


Paraflln  (P(/m/?nff;  paraffina:  jmraffinc): 

Central  America 

MfTf  ico  I 

Soul  h  A  cieritni '■ 

'Vefpf^tttblp*  iArHtf    vrnctaleii:    o/*v;.<  rrf/et lU.^:    UuiUs  . 

Omlfal  A  merlcsi i 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argrniini'  Republic 

Brazil 

Chill" ■ 

OtinT  Soutli  AiinTicji ' 


Paper  (Papel:  paprl;  papier): 


Cuba 

Artjenlini'  Repul>iie. 

Brazil 

Chil." 

Other  South  Aineric; 


Tobticco,  unmanJifaclunHl  iTolMicoem  rotnu:  t.ilMirco 
lido  mnnutmhirndo:  tuh-.ic  non  vmnuf.utvri  ■: 

Central  .Vnn-riea 

Mexico 

Anient in<»  Ri'pulijic 

Cofonibia 

OtluT  South  AnuTien 

ManufacturfHi  (  Tahaco  rhiltoradt,:  ttitHWCi  mauutm- 
(iiradfj:  ttitftir  mamtfitrfurh: 

<:    Ti  Irm  I  America  


AVoo*!^  iin-tniinulur  uf*Kl  (  Mudfrn  ;tin  hhrnd,/: 
iitini  nfl*  ma  vftitt  md'i;  hni.^  hnif): 

Cfljitra   AnnTk-n   

llPXifo 

Cubji 

Animtiui' Republic 

Dther  Sdiitli  AiihtIim 

I/UmliT  {  .Sfudrnis:   irhtdfir.rf 

Ci'Utral  Anirriea 

Mexico 

CuJia 

Arp'iitiU"  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

^♦»u.T  South  America , 


hois  de  cottyfiui  thn)  ■ 


$9,527 
88.233 
57,043 
43.594 

1.880 
11.800 

1.3.')8 
13,920 

8.510 

7.084 


847 
ri0.4'>3 


24.134 

.5.247 

124, 134 

240,986 

40.454 
122.334 


41.435 
:<(i,531 
10.574 
37.009 
20,2.')7 

1I,4.")0 

II.  aw 

3.«K') 


4.4.">0 
131.72i» 
0.003 
3.1>30 
2.907 
3.113 
3. 3ti3 

S.:i01 
IS. 740 

I.:w4 
2«i.;t.'») 


3,«C.1> 
7.72*» 
1.2SS 


•i.LMO 
0. 1?M« 


I  Eleven  months  ending 
;  Koveml)er— 

190i».       !       1007. 


S4.005 
20.580* 
28.270 
19,500 

1.488 
8.510 
27.211 
11.817 
13.955 
7,.'><Cj 


07.004 


30.002 

1.330 

110,411 

172,689 

44.380 
134.818 


18.404 
17,075 
36,094 
11.615 
20,  .584 

0.830 
30. 101 
3. 3.M) 


3.420 
185.a'>3 
1.901 
4.445 
8,  l(i3 
3,21.') 
10.432 

0.t»<2 

20..54I2 

3.175 

410 

4.401 


5.S15 

I3.:«i 
.^'>.  i:(o 

7*»i« 


^05.(188 
443.293 
000.787 
247,352 

43,854 
75,791 
270.551 
143,150 
84.188 
74,934 


933.042 
.545.518 


243,442 

63. «» 

1.892.772 

2.340,601 

<»46,36G 

088,  A51 


2.50.249 
202.200 
350.862 
278,135 
196.944 

60,879  I 
477,865  I 
30,434 


35.5S5 
720,511 
206.529 

78,575 
221,671 

48.402 
1.53.276 

3().426 

148.025  I 

2.W.329  ! 

32.111  I 

152.602  I 

74.U'i<i  , 


I 


(V4.a''>3 
««. 147  • 
:W.804  I 
15. 128  I 
77.71 


01.490 


985.099 
909.199 
642.331 
214,563 

40.390 
7B.2M 
S43.128 
151.  e» 
139.330 
87,496 


1,016.453 
371.660 


398.7^ 

174.067 

1.094.782 

2.4D5.9S6 

737.  «8 

l,ia0.787 


161.164 
Wd.653 
4M.a5 
M8.791 
969,337 

73.545 
605. 882 


M.4I0 
952.  n? 
237.294 

flT.9l» 
57^002 
100.314 
2.'».521 

77.092 

229. 101 

144.  (Q3 

8.21U 

im.797 

DO.  000 


f»2.2H7 

lao.av* 

1«.877 
11.464 
82.  WW 


M.o-.; 


bhi.  7x0 

.V..<n)4 

OlK.."iOO 

ra4.7H7 

72.:«1 

i:i<).  I7ii 

1.187.0K<» 

l.MH.Kft* 

Kft. 

:m 

Ho.  190 

flD.7tiri 

l."i,JUi» 

Ha.  027 
11C».363 

49.873 

SS.M.2 

:i.  i:m\ 

124.  a?j 

i:ft».i4s 

S3. 91 7 

1.030.398 

1.132.207 

bM..2lvt 

l«rj.r,72 

1.0M.O37 

2.474.083 

i:«.'»->7 

l.V).s»i«»  ; 

2.1.-.3.783 

2.240.377 

•i41.4vj 

•-x.is.oi:  i 

4.014.»*«i 

3.790,111 

s4.K:to 

iT.ui:.  1 

7?2.:m:i 

K04.QD4 

in.  .-,4.-. 

4?*.Si»l 

i^.).2Vi 

i.447.ma 

n«.  i:u 

1H««.SL>7  ! 

1.073.086 

1.504.59 

URUGUAY. 


109 


EXPORTS  or  MERCHANDISE— Continued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


November— 
1906.  1907. 


Furniture  (  Muebles;  mobilia;  meubles) :  i 

Central  America $23,080  $42,682 

Mexico '  99.004  I  89,598 

Cuba t  45,070  ]  53,782 

Argentine  Republic !  30.908  40,202 

Brazil i  7,180  «.460 

Chile I  3,488  7,504 

Colombia i  1,913  1.533 

Venezuelii '  2,626  2, 737 

Other  South  America 14.378  23.641 


Eleven  months  ending 
Novemlier— 


1906. 

1907. 

$271,978 

$337,660 

828,180 

958.102 

530.632 

666.198 

316,018 

466,641 

59.270 

86. 751 

09,245 

103.089 

17.176 

15,975 

18.292 

18.524 

97.264 

134.847 

EXPORTS  OF  BTJBBEB  GOODS. 

Figures  showing  the  values  of  exports  of  rubber  goods  from  the 
United  States  give  a  grand  total  of  $6,214,910  in  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1907,  as  compared  with  $5,692,385  in  the  preceding  twelve 
months. 

The  distribution  was  as  follows:  To  Europe,  $2,956,184;  North 
America,  $2,070,255;  South  America,  $251,832;  Asia,  $359,418; 
Oceania,  $435,478;  Africa,  $141,743. 

With  the  exception  of  Canada,  which  received  United  States  rubber 
manufactures  to  the  value  of  $1,046,659,  Mexico  was  the  leading  im- 
porter of  this  class  of  mechandise  in  America,  the  total  purchases 
representing  $556,801.  The  figures  reported  for  the  United  Kingdom 
are  alone  in  excess  of  the  two  noted, i[)eing  $1,644,516. 


URUGUAY. 

CUSTOMS  RECEIPTS,  TEN  MONTHS  OF  1907. 

Uruguayan  customs  receipts  for  October,  1907,  aggregated  $1,014,- 
719.84,  as  compared  with  $1,127,889  in  the  same  month  of  1906,  a 
decrease  of  $113,169  bemg  thus  indicated. 

For  the  ten  months  ending  October,  1907,  the  receipts  show  a  gain 
of  $265,232  as  compared  with  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preced- 
ing year,  the  totals  for  the  two  years  being  $11,271,871  and  $11,00Q,- 
639,  respectively,  from  January  to  October,  inclusive. 

TAX  ON  FOREIGN  INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

Among  the  provisions  of  the  Uruguayan  tax  law  for  1908,  as  sub- 
mitted by  the  legishiture  to  the  Government  and  practically  sanc- 
tioned, is  a  chiuse  whereby  the  tax  on  the  premiums  of  foreign  insur- 
ance companies  in  the  Republic  is  raised  from  3  to  7  per  cent.  Both 
domestic  and  foreign  companies  are  required  to  deposit  guarantees 
for  considerable  amounts. 


110      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

MUNICIPAL  REVENUES  OP  MONTEVIDEO. 

The  revenue  of  tlie  municipality  of  Montevideo  during  1905-6 
amounted  to  $1,446,168.74,  as  compared  with  $1,265,250.69  in  the 
preceding  fiscal  year.  It  was  the  largest  recorded  revenue  in  seven 
years. 

VENEZUELA. 

SURTAX  ON  IMPORT  DUTIES. 

A  govennental  decree  dated  November  14,  1907,  imposes  the  fol- 
lowing surtaxes  on  various  articles  imported  into  Venezuela: 

Surtax  of  10  per  cent  of  the  customs  duty:  Maize,  rice,  and  wheat 
in  the  grain;  beans  (haricot  and  Lima);  black-eye  pease;  lentils;  hogs' 
lard;  butter;  beer. 

Surtax  of  25  per  cent  of  the  customs  duty:  Common  bottles  of 
ordinary  black  or  transparent  glass  suitable  for  bottling  liquors; 
sterilized  milk  and  aerated  waters;  sheet  glass  or  crystal  not  silvered, 
wiiite  or  colored;  potatoes;  saddletrees  or  frames;  raw  cotton;  straw 
hats,  untrimmed;  brown  and  wood-pulp  paper. 

TARIFF  MODIFICATIONS. 

CGaccta  Oficiar  No.  10125.  of  July  12,  1907.) 

This  resolution  provides  that  used  empty  l)ags  introduced  from 
abroad  for  exporting  therein  cotton  seed  produced  in  the  country  are 
to  be  cleared  through  the  customs  of  the  Republic,  free  from  payment 
of  import  duties,  after  due  examination,  and  subject  to  importers 
furnishing  proof  that  the  bags  are  intended  for  said  puri>ose. 

I'Gacrta  Oficial"  No.  lOKX),  of  August  10,  1907.) 

Inasmuch  as  the  present  customs  import  tariff  law  contains  no 
reference  to  the  substance  known  as  ''white  Roman  cement,"  gener- 
ally intended  to  l)e  used  in  manufacturing  moldings,  etc.,  for  build- 
ings, the  present  resolution  provides  that  white  cement,  or  "^estucor 
<iwa,"  imported  through  the  custom-houses  of  the  Republic,  shall  l)e 
assessed  under  Class  II  of  the  tariff. 

{(fficfta  Oficial"  No.  lOlM.  of  Soptf-mlMT  lii.  1907.) 

The  undermentioned  articles,  not  being  specially  provided  for  in 
the  existing  customs  law,  intended  for  use  in  breweries  of  the  country 
shall,  on  importaticm,  be  included  in  the  following  classes  of  the 
tariff:  Anhydrous  amm<miac  gas  for  the  manufacture  of  ice,  in 
Class  II;  chloride  of  calcium  for  the  manufacture  of  ice,  in  Class  III; 
malted  or  roasted  barley  in  the  grain  for  the  maimfacture  of  beer,  in 
Class  II;  tin  and  cork  bottle  stoi)pers  bearing  the  name  of  the  factory 
intending  to  use  them,  in  Class  IV. 


FINANCIAL    STATUS    OF    LATIN-AMERICAN    COUNTRIES. 


Ill 


NITRATE  PRODUCJION  OF  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

Consul  Alfred  A.  Winslow,  of  Valparaiso,  states  that  from  1830 
until  1907  the  nitrate  fields  of  Peru  and  Chile  have  produced 
36,443,327  tons  of  nitrate,  valued  at  $1,112,728,765  United  States 
gold.     He  adds: 

**  About  two-fifths  of  this  was  produced  during  the  last  ten  years. 
There  has  been  much  said  about  the  exhaustion  of  the  nitrate  mines 
or  beds,  but  from  the  best  information  obtainable  they  are  good  for 
two  hundred  or  three  hundred  years,  even  at  double  the  production, 
which  is  about  2,000,000  tons  per  year.  Fully  one-half  the  produc- 
tion has  been  net  profit,  but  a  new  process  has  been  invented  that 
will  do  for  the  nitrate  business  what  the  cyanide  process  did  for  the 
gold  production.  Heretofore  from  9  to  10  per  cent  has  been  left  in 
the  waste,  but  with  the  new  process  it  is  claimed  that  there  will  not 
be  a  loss  of  2  per  cent  and  at  a  less  cost  of  production  than  by  the 
old  method.  Even  the  waste  or  tailings  can  be  worked  with  a  great 
profit.^' 


FINANCIAL  STATUS  OF  LATIN-AMERICAN 
COUNTRIES. 

^^ El  Economista  Argentino^'  publishes  an  interesting  article  on  the 
financial  status  of  the  various  Republics  of  Latin-America  by  Mr. 
Gabriel  Carbasco,  in  which  the  revenues  and  expenditures  of  each 
are  recorded,  with  the  pro  rata  distribution  of  the  same  among  the 
population  of  the  countries.  The  figures  are,  in  the  main,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  year  1905,  and  are  expressed  in  gold. 


Country. 


Budget. 


I    Per  hciid  of  population. 


Expcn<titiire.      Jlovcinue.      Kxpcndilun^      Revenue. 


Aroentine  Republic. 

BouTia 

Bmzll 

Chile. 


Coloinbia 

Costa  Rica 

Cuba 

Dominican  Republic. 

Ecuador 

Guatemala 

Haiti. 


Honduras 

Mexico 

Nicaragua  (1903). 

Panama 

Pangoay  (1904).. 

Pem 

fWvador 

Uruguay 

Ve 


4,  i\js,  vm 

Jtl,  1.^,000 
isll9.€U> 
11,028.000 

IfS87,00a 


(1903). 


!,<«*.  fiOO 
II,7.'5fi.OOO 

5, 070, 000 
I**.  174. 000 
11. Odd,  000 


Total ,     425,471,000 


|S9,^.^D00 

4.l4f!,€00 

127,  47*,  000 

40,745.000 
9,141^,000 
2.*>3,OCO 

iy,*(90,fl00 
J.  427. 000 
5.*^57»000 

II,£CO,000 
i*,7h7.000 

44,05^,000 
1,322,000 


1,tiM,U00 
1UR.W,[I00 

.\sn,ooti 

ID,  AM).  Ci  10 
11,  COO,  000 


4int  .777,000 


llfi.52 

V2,  42 
3.'2Q 
S,Oti 

12.11 
5,75 
4.S2 
7,42 
7.70 
a  07 
3.17 
4.37 


3.02 
a  07 
1R47 
4.4S 


$15.65 
2.28 
8.92 
12.73 
2.03 
10.20 
12.52 
5.82 
4.  to 

r..  24 

<-..85 
3.04 
3.24 
3.08 


2.  t>5 

3.95 

5.31 

19.  .W 

4.48 

.20 


7.10 


SENOR  DON  ANIBAL  CRUZ,   EL  NUEVO  MINISTRO  DE  CHILE  EN   LOS  ESTADOS  UNIDOS. 


BOLETIN  MeNSUAL 

DK   LA 

OFICINA  iNTERNAdONAL  DE  LAS  REPiJBLTCAS  AMERICANAS, 

CJiii6ii  iBternacieval  4e  Bepiildioas  Ameiricanas. 


Vol.  XXVI.  ENERO  190S.  No.  1. 

La  recepci6n  que  ei  Gobi«rno  y  pueblo  brasilefio  hicieron  &  la 
amiadm  de  los  Estados  Unidos  cuando  entr6  en  el  puerto  de  Rio  de 
Janein>  d  12  de  enero  fu^  tan  gennina  y  cordial,  y  la  hospitalidad 
que  8e  le  brindd  <iuraiate  la  estancia  de  diez  dias  hi6  tan  espl^ndida 
J  general,  que  los  oficiales  y  tripulaciones  jamfis  las  olvidar^n.  En 
nin^na  ^oca  de  la  Ustoria  de  los  viajes  de  la  marina  ainericana 
por  el  extranjero  se  ha  hecho  un  esfuerzo  mayor  por  demosti^ar 
cu&n  altiunente  se  ha  apreciado  su  prescenoia  que  el  que  ha  hecho  el 
Brasii  en  Rio  <le  Janeiro. 

A  juzgar  por  las  manifestaciones  de  quo  hast  a  ahora  so  tienen 
noticias,  pareoe  que  la  recepci6n  que  el  Oohiorno  y  pueblo  j)oruanos 
Je  harin  &  los  ofidales  y  tripulaci6n  do  los  buquos  on  el  Callao  y  en 
Lima,  ha  de  ser  caracterizada  por  el  mismo  ^ado  do  sincoridad  y 
mafpiificescia  que  la  de  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Por  ni^s  quo  Punt  a  Arenas, 
que  es  «1  tinico  punto  dd  territorio  chileno  en  el  cual  hard  oscala  la 
arniada,  est4  distante  de  Valparaiso,  quo  os  el  piiorto  principal,  y  do 
Santiago,  que  *s  la  capital,  el  Gobiemo  Chileno  ostd  haciondo  los 
preparatives  conduccntes  para  dar  la  bienvonida  a  la  annada,  do 
tal  manora  que  tanto  la  oficialidad  como  la  tripulacion  lian  de  con- 
serrar  gratos  I'ccuerdos  de  su  breve  estancia  on  aguas  chilonas. 

La  presencia  de  la  aimada  de  los  Estados  Fnidos  on  a«:uus  sud- 
americanas,  en  su  viaje  hacia  el  Pacifico,,  est  a  contribuyondo  en 
gran  manera  a  despertar  un  intoros  todavia  mayor  on  todos  los 
Estados  Unidos  en  los  asuntos  do  las  Ropilhlicas  latiiioanioricanas. 
Vn  ^an  niimoro  de  cartas  llegan  a  osta  Olicina  j)r()ce(loiitos  no  solo 
de  los  peri6dicos  y  otras  publicacionos,  sino  do  particuhiros  inij)ul- 
sados,  segdn  lo  hacen  constar,  por  el  deseo  do  (oner  mas  informos 
acerca  de  los  pa&ses  y  puertos  que  dicha  armada  visit^ini  6  j)or  los 
cuaies  pasar^  <lurante  su  extenso  viaje.  Por  ojomplo,  a  varios 
centeeares  de  periddicos  se  les  ban  proporcionado  datos  complotos  y 
descriptivofi  acerca  de  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Punta  Aienas  y  el  Callao,  A 

113 


114       OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERIGANAS. 

fin  (le  que  puedan  publicar  articulos  en  los  cuales  les  describir&n 
estos  puntos  a  sus  lectores.  A  proposito  cle  lo  que  queda  expuesto, 
debe  hacerse  constar  que  antes  de  que  la  armada  emprendiese  el 
viaje,  esta  Oficina  le  facilit6  a  los  oficiales  y  tripulacion  de  cada  buque 
una  coleccion  de  las  publicaciones  que  la  Oficina  ha  hecho  relativas 
&  la  America  Latina,  a  fin  de  que  al  pasar  por  el  continente  de  la 
America  del  Sur  pudieran  informarse  por  si  mismos  acerca  del  mismo. 
Las  afectuosas  cartas  en  las  cuales  los  capitanes  de  los  buques  han 
dado  las  gracias  m6s  sinceras  por  este  cumplido  por  parte  de  la 
Oficina,  demuestran  lo  mucho  que  han  apreciado  dicha  atenci6n. 


LA  PROXIMA  COXFERENCIA  PANAMERICANA. 

En  la  reunion  que  el  Consejo  Directivo  de  la  Oficina  celebr6  el  8 
de  enero,  se  presento  una  resolucion  proponiendo  que  la  pr6xima 
Conferencia  Panamericana  Internacional  se  celebre  en  Buenos  Aires  en 
1910.  Se  aplazo  tomar  una  determinaci6n  acerca  de  dicha  resoiu- 
ci6n  hasta  la  proxima  reunion  del  Consejo  Directivo,  que  se  celebrar& 
el  5  de  febrcro  de  1905,  k  fin  de  que  los  diferentes  miembros  del 
consejo  pudieran  ponerse  en  comunicacion  con  sus  respectivos  Gobier- 
nos  y  determinar  su  actitud  sobre  este  particular.  Al  suspenderse 
las  sesiones  de  la  conferencia  ([uese  celebr6  en  Rio  de  Janeiro  en  1906, 
se  creyo  generalmente  ([ue  la  proxima  conferencia  se  celebrarfa  en 
Buenos  Aires,  pero  se  acordo  dejar  a  juicio  del  Consejo  Directivo  de 
la  Oficina  el  determinar  m6s  tarde  el  verdadero  lugar  y  la  fecha  en 
que  dicha  conferencia  habria  de  celebrarse.  La  raz6n  principal  para 
preferir  el  ano  de  1910  al  de  1911  A  1912,  ha  sido  la  circunstancia  de 
que  la  Republica  Argentina  celebrara  en  dicho  ano  el  centenario  de 
su  independencia,  y  con  tal  motivo  ha  resuelto  celebrar  una  gran 
exp()sici6n.  En  vista  del  gran  progreso,  asi  politico  como  comercial, 
que  se  advierte  en  la  America  Latina,  y  de  las  relaciones  m4s  intimas 
que  est^n  desarrollandose  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  sus  Republicas 
hermanas,  la  Cuarta  Conferencia  Panamericana  de  seguro  ha  de 
tener  que  resolver  nmchos  asuntos  de  trascendencia  para  todos  los 
paises  interesados  y  ha  de  ejercer  gran  influencia  en  sus  futuras 
relaciones. 


I^VS    EXPOSICIONES    EX    L.V    AMERICA    DEL   SUR. 

Ya  el  BoLETfx  ha  Uamado  especialmente  la  atenci6n  hacia  la  expo- 
sicion  que  el  Oobiomo  Brasileno  celebrara  en  Rio  de  Janeiro  el  pr6ximo 
verano,  y  hacia  la  que  el  Gobienio  Argentino  se  propone  celebrar  en 
Buenos  Aires  en  1910.  Ahora  el  Gobierno  del  Ecuador  anuncia  que 
tambifin  celebrara  una  exposicion  en  Quito  en  1909,  y  ya  le  ha  enviado 


OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMERICANA8.       115 

una  invitaci6n  al  Gobierno  de  los  Estados  Unidos  para  que  tome  parte 
en  ella.  A  fin  de  corresponder  ^  esta  invitaci6n,  el  Presidente 
Roosevelt  ha  enviado  un  mensaje  al  Congreso  recomend6,ndole  que 
haga  una  asignaci6n  especial  con  este  fin.  Los  Gobiemos  del  Brasil 
y  de  la  Reptiblica  Argentina  no  se  proponen  invitar  d  los  palses 
extranjeros  para  que  tomen  parte  en  dichas  exposiciones,  por  mds  que 
k  sus  fabricantes  y  comerciantes  se  les  permitird  exhibir  sus  artlculos 
bajo  condiciones  especiales.  Como  quiera  que  el  Ecuador  le  ha 
suplicado  especiahnente  k  los  Estados  Unidos  que  tome  parte  en 
(liclia  exposici6n,  se  espera  que  el  Congreso  asigne  la  cantidad  de 
dinero  necesaria  para  efectuar  la  construcci6n  de  un  edificio  apropiado 
y  enviar  una  extensa  colecci6n  de  artlculos  ^  la  exposici6n.  Dentro 
de  poco  tiempo  estard,  terminado  el  ferrocarril  que  va  de  Guayaquil, 
situada  en  la  costa  del  Ecuador,  hasta  Quito,  que  es  la  capital,  situada 
en  el  interior,  de  manera  que  los  pasajeros  desde  que  desembarcan  en 
Guayaquil  hasta  el  terreno  de  la  exposici6n  en  Quito,  pueden  hacer  el 
viaje  en  veinticuatro  horas  en  una  linea  de  ferrocarril  que  es  una  de 
las  maravillas  del  mundo  en  cuanto  &  las  grandes  dificultades  de 
ingeniena  que  ha  tenido  que  veneer  y  el  paisaje  que  ofrece  al  viajero. 
La  misma  ciudad  de  Quito  es  sin  duda  una  de  las  ciudades  interesantes 
de  la  America  del  Sur,  y  su  clima  muy  es  agradable.  Estd  situada 
como  ^  10,000  pies  sobre  el  nivel  del  mar  y  exenta  del  excesivo  calor 
que  se  siente  en  la  parte  baja  de  los  Tr6picos,  en  tanto  que  la  proxi- 
midad  k  qucf  se  halla  del  ecundor  la  libra  de  un  frio  intenso.  Cuando 
se  abra  la  exposicion  podrfi,  hacerse  el  viaje  de  Nueva  York  6,  Quito  en 
menos  de  diez  dias,  y  por  tanto  muchos  norteamericanos  debieran 
concurrir  k  la  expresada  exposici6n. 


MEJORES   CONEXIONES   DE    VAPORES    EN    LA   AMERICA    DEL   SUR. 

LaCompaiiia  de  Vapores  de  Lamport  y  Holt  merece  ser  felicitada 
per  las  mejoras  que  est^  introduciendo  en  su  servncio  de  vapores 
entre  Nueva  York,  Rfo  de  Janeiro  y  Buenos  Aires.  Ilasta  ahora  la 
queja  principal  se  fundaba  en  que  habia  muy  pocos  vapores  que 
ofrecieran  las  debidas  comodidades  d  los  pasajeros  que  haclan  la 
travesia  entre  el  puerto  principal  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  los  puertos 
de  escala  de  la  costa  oriental  de  la  America  del  Sur.  Dicha  compaiila 
ha  agregado  tres  nuevos  buques,  cada  uno  de  los  cuales  tiene  una 
capacidad  de  9,000  toneladas  de  carga  y  excelentes  comodidades 
para  150  pasajeros  de  primera  clase,  50  de  segimda  y  para  pasajeros 
de  tercera  clase.  Dichos  vapores  son  nuevos,  y  el  que  se  denomina 
Verdi  hard  el  primer  viaje.  Para  celebrar  este  importante  aconte- 
cimiento,  el  dia  14  de  enero  se  di6  un  gran  banquete  d  bordo  del 
Verdif  en  Nueva  York,  al  cual  asistieron  muchas  personas  promi- 


116       OFICINA  IKTEBNAOIONAL  D£  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AXEBIOAlfAa. 

nentes  de  Nueva  York  y  de  otras  partes  del  pais  que  cst&n  interesadas 
en  el  desarrollo  del  comercio  con  la  America  del  Sur.  Todos  los  que 
tuvieron  ocasi6n  de  visit ar  e  inspec<*ionar  el  vapor  qiiedaron  suma- 
mente  satisfechos  de  sus  excelentes  condiciones,  y  se  sintieron 
dispuestos  k  emprender  en  seguida  un  viaje  k  la  America  del  Sur. 
Es  de  esperarse  que  los  viajeros  de  todos  los  Estados  Unidos,  que 
hasta  ahora  habian  vacilado  ir  a  la  America  del  Sur  d  cavsa  de  las 
pocas  comodidades  que  los  vapores  ofreclan,  se  auimen  y  resuelvan 
hacer  dicho  viaje,  ahora  que  pueden  contar  con  vapores  excelentes. 
En  cambio,  se  espera  que  los  sudaniericanos  prominentes  que  hasta 
aliora  vacilaban  venir  a  los  Estados  I'nidos  a  causa  de  las  pocas 
comodidades  de  los  vapores,  se  decidan  ahora  6  emprender  el  viaje. 
No  existe  ningiin  medio  mas  eficaz  de  fomentar  las  relaciones  cordiales 
entre  diferentes  paises  que  el  canje  mutuode  viajes  y  de  impresiones. 


NUEVA    EXPRESIOX    DEL    IXTERES    QUE    LA    AMERICA    LATINA    IXSPIRA 
AL    PRESIDEXTE    ROOSEVELT. 

Todos  los  c[ue  estan  intoresados  en  el  fomento  de  relaciones  mfis 
fntimas  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  America  T^atina  se  ban  mos- 
trado  nmy  satisfechos  con  las  referencias  (|ue  el  Presidente  Roose- 
velt hizo  a  la  Oficina  Internacional  en  su  mensaje,  reproducido  en 
la  (iltima  edicion  del  Boletix.  Despu^s  de  la  referencia  que  hizo  en 
el  monsaje,  el  Presidente  lo  (»scril>i6  una  carta  al  Profesor  L.  S, 
RowE,  de  la  Universidad  de  Pensilvania,  en  la  cual  expone  la  espe- 
cial c<mveniencia  de  <[ue  se  establez(*a  una  aso<4aci6n  intelectual 
intima  enlro  la  America  del  Norte  y  la  del  Sur,  y  demuestra  un 
profundi)  interes  en  los  proyeclos  <|ue  en  tal  sentido  se  lleven  d  cabo. 
En  esla  edicion  del  Boletix  se  reproduce  esta  carta  del  Presidente. 


LA    PROXIMA    <'ONFEREN(  lA    DEL    LAGO    MOHOXK. 

El  Senor  II.  (\  Pmi.Lirs,  wSccrctario  de  la  CVmferencia  del  La^^o 
Mohonk  sohro  el  Arbitrajc  Internacional,  le  participa  a  la  Oficina 
que  la  sesion  de  lOOS  se  ha  de  celehrar  en  los  dias  20,  21  y  22  de 
mayo,  y  (|ue  s<'  intent  a  consa<:rar  inucha  atencion  a  los  asuntos 
panamiTicaiios.  Kl  expresado  sivretario  espera  i^ue  esta  Oficina  y 
su  (\)iisejo  Directive)  s(»  tomen  especial  interes  en  diclia  conferencia, 
y  (jue  este  dehidamente  represent ada  en  sus  deliberaciones.  En  su 
conuinicacion,  el  S(»fior  Puillips  dice  lo  si;:uiente:  **Creo  que  puede 
decirse  sin  exa<!:eracion  (|ue  la  atencion  <|ue  la  Conferencia  Pan- 
americana  del  ano  pasado  Ita  llamado  ha  sido  muy  beneficiosa  para 
la  causa  general  del  arbitrajc,  y  i{\w  una  conferencia  semejante  este 
ano,  si  se  anuncia  extensanu'nte,  dara  residtados  todavfa  mis 
l>racticos/' 


OnCUfA  XNTSRNACXONAL  D£  LAS  REFUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS.       117 
LA   OFICINA    DE    IXFORMACIOX    COLOMBIAXA. 

El  Presidents  Rafael  Reyes,  do  Coloml>ia,  y  ol  Seilor  Vasquez 
CoBO,  Ministro  de  Relaciones  Exteriores,  han  tornado  una  niedida 
importante  &  fin  de  que  Colombia  sea  m&s  conocida  en  el  orbe  entero, 
estableoiendo  en  Bogota  una  Oficina  Central  Colonibiana  de  Informa- 
cion,  que  tendra  sucursales  en  Londres,  Paris,  Briiselas,  Hauiburgo, 
Barcelona  y  Nueva  York.  En  el  decreto  que  eon  tal  fm  expidio  el 
Ministro  de  Relaciones  Exteriores,  se  hace  constar  que  a  estas  sucur- 
sales  se  les  suniinLstraran  peri6dicos  y  otras  publicacioiu\s  oficiales  (|ue 
revistan  un  interes  general  y  puedan  contribuir  a  proporcionar  in- 
fuiuies  al  publico  en  Europa  y  en  los  Est  ados  Unidos  relativos  a  Co- 
lombia y  &  las  oportunidades  que  en  ella  existen  para  la  inversion  de 
capital  extranjero.  El  Ministro  tambien  anuncia  ([ue  la  expresada 
oficina  ha  de  mantener  correspondencia  con  la  Oficina  Internacional 
de  las  Republicas  Americanas  establecida  en  Washington,  y  suphca 
que  est*  (iltima  preste  4  la  oficina  colombiana  la  cooperaci6n  que 
pueda  para  Uevar  u  cabo  su  importante  obra. 


COXDICIOXES    COMERCIALES    EX    COLOMBIA. 

El  informe  sobre  las  condiciones  comerciales  en  Colombia  que  ha 
preparado  el  Sefior  Charles  M.  Pepper,  Agente  Especial  del  De- 
partamento  de  Comercio  y  Trabajo,  y  (jue  pubUco  recientemente  la 
Oficina  de  Fabricantes,  resulta  muy  oportuno  e  interesante.  En 
dicho  informe  se  mencionan  detalladamente  todos  los  hechos  rela- 
tives al  trafico,  comercio,  recursos  y  oportunidades  en  Colombia  que 
deben  conocer  todos  los  que  fie  propongan  a  hacer  negocios  con  dicha 
Repflblica  6  invertir  capital  en  ella.  El  Senor  Peppek  hizo  un  viaje  a 
Colombia  y  estudi6  detenidamente  sus  condiciones  antes  de  prcparar 
este  informe.  En  la  actualidad  continila  haciendo  sus  invest igacio- 
nes  en  el  Ecuador,  Perfl  y  otros  pafses  sudamericanos,  y  publicara 
foHetos  relativos  a  ellos. 


LA  asoc:iaciox  xacioxal  de  fabricaxtes. 

La  Asociaci^n  Xacional  de  Fabricantes,  que  tienc  su  oficina  principal 
en  el  No.  170  Broadway,  en  la  ciudad  de  Nueva  York,ycuyo  president e 
es  el  Seflor  James  W.  Van  Cleave,  de  San  Luis,  Missouri,  est^  desa- 
rroUando  un  rasgo  auxiliar  de  su  oi^anizacion  que  reviste  gran  im])or- 
tancia.  En  la  edici6n  de  diciembrc  de  la  revista  intitulada  '^The 
American  Industries,"  se  describe  gr^ficamentc  c6mo  dicha  a;sociaci6n 
se  propone  suministrar  fi  sus  miembros  todos  los  informes  que  deseen 
relativos  6  las  condiciones  del  comercio  en  pafses  extranjeros.  Al 
mismo  tiempo  se  llama  e^pecialmente  la  atencion  hacia  el  hecho  do 


118       OFICINA  INTEBNAOIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLI0A8  AHEBI0ANA8. 

que  a  los  comerciantes  extranjeros  sienipre  se  les  suininistran  gratis 
los  informes  que  soliciten  acerca  de  los  asuntos  comerciales  6  indus- 
triales.  Si  un  exportador  6  comerciante  de  cualquiera  ciudad  6  pals 
sudamericano  desea  hacer  negocios  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  desde  luego 
puede  escribir  6,  la  Asociacion  Nacional  de  Fabricantes  y  recibir  en 
contestacion  los  datos  que  desea  en  cuanto  A  las  razones  sociales  con 
las  cuales  debe  ponerse  en  comunicaci6n.  Esto  ha  de  contribuir  en 
gran  manera  al  incremento  del  comei»io  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y 
sus  Republicas  hermanas.  Esta  Oficina  se  complace  en  dar  fe  de  la 
oferta  de  cooperaci6n  que  ha  recibido  de  la  expresada  asociaci6n  para 
foinentar  el  comorcio  panamericano,  y,  d  su  vez,  siempre  le  ha  de  ser 
grato  proporcionarles  fi,  los  miembros  de  ella  que  se  propongan  invadir 
el  campo  latinoamericano  cualesquiera  informes  que  le  sea  posible 
obtener. 


LA  OFICINA  EN  LA  TERCERA  CONVENCION  SANITARIA  INTERNACIONAL, 

La  activa  participacion  que  ha  tornado  la  Oficina  en  la  Tercera 
Convencion  Sanitaria  Intemacional,  que  se  celebro  en  la  ciudad  de 
Mexico  en  diciembre  de  1907,  esta  demostrada  en  el  infomie  del 
Senor  Don  Francisco  J.  Yanes,  Secretario  de  la  Oficina,  que  estuvo 
presente  en  las  sesiones  de  la  mencionada  conferencia  como  Repre- 
sentante  Especial  de  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Ame- 
ricanas.  El  Senor  Yanes  hace  especial  menci6n  en  su  informe,  no 
solamentedol  progreso  de  Mexico  en  la  higiene  modema,sino  tambi^n 
del  creciente  interns  que  se  ha  despertado  en  el  pais  por  la  obra  de  la 
Oficina  Panamericana  de  Wasliington. 


ESTADISTICAS    COMERCL\LES    DE    LA   ARGENTINA. 

Las  cifras  publicadas  por  la  Soccion  de  Estadistica  del  Departa- 
mento  do  Hacienda  de  la  Kepublica  Argentina,  relativas  al  co- 
mercio  exterior  de  los  prinieros  nueve  meses  de  1907,  demuestran  que 
el  balance  de  trafico  a  favor  del  pais  es  de  $38,043,393,  ascendiendo 
el  valor  de  las  importaciones  a  $202,835,218  y  el  de  las  exportaciones 
^  $240,878,611.  C()ni])arando  estas  cifras  con  las  correspondientes 
al  mismo  periodo  de  1906,  se  observa  un  incremento  satisfactorio 
tanto  en  uno  conio  en  otro  ranio  del  comercio,  siendo  el  de  las  importa- 
ciones de  $5,519,704  y  el  de  las  exportaciones  de  $16,247,350. 

El  desarrollo  de  la  agricultura  nacional  esta  patentizado  en  las 
estadisticas  oficiales  del  area  de  terrenos  sembrados  durante  1907 
con  trigo,  lino  y  avena,  que  coinpara<las  con  las  de  1906  indican 
aunientos  de  iinportancia.  Las  niedidas  adoptadas  para  el  despacho 
adecuado  deproductos  nacionales  i\stan  en  consonancia  con  el  progreso 


OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICANAS.       119^ 

general  de  que  goza  el  pais,  en  tanto  que  una  ley  recienteniente 
aprobada,  que  declara  libre  la  importaci6n  do  toda  clase  de  niaqui- 
naria,  instrunientos  y  materiales  para  la  minerla  y  la  metalurgia,. 
promete  maj-or  actividad  en  este  ramo  de  la  vida  industrial. 


EL   BALANCE    DEL    COMEKCIO    EXTERIOR    BRASILENO. 

A  pesar  de  la  baja  que  sufrieron  los  valores  de  los  dos  productos 
principales  del  Brasil — el  cafe  y  la  gonia — durante  los  meses  de 
agosto  y  septiembre  de  1907,  el  balance  del  comercio  d  favor  de  la 
Republica  arroja  un  aumento  notable  para  el  trdfico  exterior  de  los 
primeros  nueve  meses  de  1907,  en  comparacion  con  el  del  niisma 
periodo  de  1906,  avanzando  de  $53,000,000  k  $63,000,000.  Las 
importaciones  estuvieron  avaluadas  en  $147,000,000  y  las  exporta- 
ciones  en  $210,000,000.  En  ambos  ranios  del  comercio  se  registraron 
aumentos  satisfactorios,  y  la  considerable  importacion  de  maquinaria 
y  materiales  para  obras  piiblicas  continu6  hasta  cerrarse  el  ano. 

Una  medida  de  importancia  para  el  fomento  de  las  industrial 
nacionales  fu6  la  autorizaci6n  para  un  nuevo  banco  de  agricultura 
con  capital  de  $10,000,000,  el  cual  facilitar^  en  todo  lo  posible  el 
desarrollo  de  la  agricultura,  adelantando  capital  y  concediendo 
cr6<lito  k  empresas  garantizadas. 

El  progreso  de  la  agricultura  recibira  un  impidso  mayor  con  el 
establecimiento  de  colonias  japonesas  en  los  Estados  de  Sao  Paulo  y 
Rio  Janeiro,  habi^ndose  celebrado  ya  los  contratos  para  la  introduc- 
cion  de  los  colonos. 


IXDUSTRIAS    NACIONALES    Y    MODIFICACIONES    ARANCELARLVS    EN     CO- 
LOMBIA. 

En  este  ntimero  se  publican  valiosos  informes  sobre  la  fabricacion 
de  goma  y  algod6n  en  la  Republica  de  Colombia,  los  cuales  fueron 
onviados  al  Departamento  de  Estado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  por  el 
Consul  I.  A.  Manning,  de  Cartagena.  El  incremento  del  cultivo  de  la 
goma  en  la  Republica  queda  demostrado  por  el  liecho  de  que  durante 
el  alio  de  1906  las  exportaciones  de  Cartagena  liicieron  un  total  de 
lo9,5H0  kilogramos,  en  tanto  que  solo  durante  los  primeros  nueve 
meses  de  1907  se  exportaron  136,680  kilogramos.  Xo  solamente  se 
estan  organizando  plantaciones  de  gran  extension,  sino  (juc  tambien 
se  ban  implantado  medidas  preventivas  contra  la  destrucci6n  de  la 
planta. 

Tambien  se  publican,  por  considerarse  de  interes,  varias  modifica- 
eiones  arancelarias  que  entraron  en  vigor  durante  el  ano  de  1907. 

24181— BiiJUl— 08 ^9 


120       OFICINA  INTEENACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPt'BLICAS  AMERICAVA8. 
EL   EXVIADO  ESPECIAL  DE  COSTA  RICA  EX   LOS  ESTADOS  I'XIDOS. 

Adeinas  de  sus  dobores  como  delegado  de  Costa  Rica  on  la  Con- 
ferencia  de  Paz  Centroamericana  (juo  so  colebro  en  Washinjicton,  el 
Senor  Don  Lris  Axdeusox  fiie  tambi^n  honrado  por  su  Gobierno 
con  el  noinbramiento  de  Enviado  Extraordinario  y  Ministro  Pleni- 
potenciario  en  niision  especial  cerca  del  Gobiemo  de  los  Estados 
Unidos.  Con  tal  caracter  fue  recibido  oficialmente  el  12  de  noviem- 
bre  de  1907,  y  presento  al  Presidente  Roosevelt  los  cordiales  saludos 
del  Presidente  Goxzales  Viqi  ez.  y  del  Gobiemo  y  del  pueblo  de 
Costa  Rica. 

Un  decreto  presidencial  del  2  de  diciembre  creo  las  juntas  de  apri- 
cultnra  cuyos  deberes  tenderan  al  foment o  y  desarrollo  de  la  a«:ri- 
cultiira  nacionai,  siendo  el  deseo  del  Gobiemo  colocar  el  valor  indus- 
trial de  los  demas  productos  del  pais  6  la  niisma  altura  que  el  que  aliura 
ocupa  el  banano. 

En  relation  con  el  cultivo  de  esta  fruta,  el  Ministro  de  los  Estada^ 
Unidos  en  San  Jos^  inforuia  que  en  vista  de  que  los  plantadores  y 
exportadores  no  ban  acej)tado  el  dereclio  de  1  centavo  impuesto 
sobre  cada  racimo  (habiendose  aprobado  la  ley  c[ue  lo  impuso  con 
sujeci6n  a  diclia  aceptacion),  el  estudo  de  la  industria  queda  tal  como 
era  antes  de  la  creacion  de  dicho  impuesto. 


RESILTAIMKS    DKL    CEXSO    DE    CUBA. 

El  censo  de  la  Republica  de  Cuba,  toniado  en  1907,  arroja  una 
poblacion  total  de  2.()2S,2S2  habitant es,  en  comparacion con  1,572,845 
que  acuso  el  levant  ado  en  1S99.  Las  Provincias  de  la  Ilabana  y 
Santa  Clara  son  las  nuis  populosas.  La  inmigracion  del  afio  econ6- 
mieo  de  1906-7  sufrio  una  disminucion  de  23,080  en  comparacion  con 
el  ejereicio  anterior. 

Las  rent  as  aduaneras  recaudadas  en  el  Puerto  de  la  Ilabana  durante 
el  afio  de  1907  aseendieron  a  §20,005,048.12,  suma  que  arroja  un 
aumento  de  ?1, 500. 000  sobre  1900.  Para  atender  al  servicio  sani- 
tario  de  varios  municipios  y  comliatir  la  iiebre  amarilla  el  Gobiemo 
lia  destinado  hi  cantidad  de  S:)50.iMMi. 


KECEPCIOX    DEL   M  KVO   MIMl^TKO  DK  (  IIILK   EN    LOS   KSTADOS   1*XI1K)S. 

Al  dar  la  bieiivenida  al  Sefior  Don  Am'u.vl  Cruz  Diaz,  mievo  Mi- 
nistro de  Chile  en  los  Estados  Cnidos,  la  Ofieina  Panamericana  se 
coinj)hu'e  en  reronocer  los  valiosos  servicio.^  prestados  por  su  ante- 
cesor,  el  Senor  AValkek-Mautinez,  que  en  la  actualidad  represeiita 
al  Depart amento  de  Santia*ro  ante  el  Senado  de  hi  Repliblica.  EH 
S(  fior  Curz,  al  hacer  la  present  arion  de  su>  eredeneinles  al  Presidente 


raiCIHA  EfTEEKAdONAL  DE  LA8  REPtJBLICAS  AMERICANAS.       121 

do  l.os  Estftdos  Unidoa,  ei  16  d^  noviembre  de  1907,  manifest^  que  su 
Gabiomo  desea  que  se  mantengan  para  siempro  las  relacioncs  cor- 
diales  que  existen  entre  los  dos  paises,  y  el  Presidente  Roosevelt 
expres6  el  mismo  deseo  por  parte  del  pueblo  de  los  Estados  Unidos. 

El  cultivo  del  lino  en  Chile  recibira  la  protecci6n  del  Gobienio  si 
se  aprueba  el  proyecto  de  ley  que  concede  premios  d  la  producci6n  de  la 
fibra,  presentado  por  el  Ejecutivo  al  Congreso  el  25  de  octubre  de  k) 
1907.  El  proyecto  mencionado  dispone  la  cantidad  de  $150,000  para 
el  pago  de  los  preniios  para  el  lino  producido,  fabricado  y  exportado 
durante  el  espacio  de  doce  aiios. 

El  progreso  coniercial  del  pais  esta  patentizado  por  el  hecho  de 
que  las  rentas  aduaneras  recaudas  durante  los  priineros  nueve  mescs 
dt»  1907  ascendieron  (i  $20,000,000,  arrojando  un  auinento  dc 
$3,000,000  i^obre  las  de  igual  periodo  del  ano  anterior. 


EXPOSICIOX    NACIOXAL    EX    EL    ECUADOR. 

Para  conmemorar  el  primer  centenario  de  la  independencia  de  Sur 
Am^ricA  (10  de  agosto  de  1809),  se  celebrara  en  Quito  una  exposi- 
cion  nocional  en  1909.  Ei  decreto  que  dispone  dicha  celebraci6n  fue 
diotado  por  el  Presidente  Alfaro  en  el  mes  de  octubre  de  1907.  La 
exposicion  comprenderi  no  solainente  los  recursos  minerales,  fo- 
rest ales,  agrlcolas,  pecuarios,  etc.,  del  pais,  sino  que  tambi^n  incluird 
exhibiciones  artisticas  6  lustowas  de  intores  internacional ;  se  ban 
ofrecido  premios  por  artfculos  que  versen  sobre  materias  patrioticas 
e  liistoricas.  Se  ha  invitado  k  otras  naciones  para  que  participen  en 
la  exposicion. 

EL  COMERCIO  Y  LAS  OPORTUNIDADES  DE  (H  ATEMALA. 

La  inau^iraci6n  del  Ferrocarril  Tnteroceani<'o  do  Guatemala,  de 
San  Jos^,  en  el  Pacifico,  a  Puerto  Barrios,  en  el  Atlantico,  que  se 
celebr6  el  19  de  enero  de  1908,  da  mucho  interes  y  valor  al  folleto 
recientemente  publicado  por  el  Seftor  Don  Victor  Aguilar  Pelaez, 
Consul  de  la  Reptiblica  en  Liverpool  y  Manch(»ster.  Por  el  interes 
que  ha  despertado  esta  seccion  de  la  America  Central,  se  ix»produce 
en  este  nilmero  la  mayor  parte  del  folleto  mencionado,  la  cual  con- 
tiene  un  resumen  del  comercio  y  las  condiciones  economicas  del 
l>ais  en  1906. 

La  entrada  en  la  capital  del  primer  tren  de  Puerto  Barrios  fue 
objeto  de  grandes  festejos  y  ceremonias,  y  para  conmemorar  (A  suceso 
se  estd  celebrando  una  exposicion  nacional.  Representantcs  es- 
pecialesde  naciones  extranjeras  estuvieron  presentes  en  dicha  iiiauo:u- 
rari6n.  Este  frrocarril,  que  facilitara  orrandemente  el  transport e 
de  los  productos  nacionales,  tiene  una  extensi6n  de  260  millas  y  paten- 
tiza  el  desanroUd  de  esta  progresiva  Repiiblica. 


122       OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMEBICANAS. 
EL   ESTABLECIMIENTO   DE    UNA    CAMARA    DE    COMERCIO   EN    HAITf. 

En  conformidad  con  un  decreto  prosidencial  del  30  de  noviembro 
de  1907,  en  Port-au-Prince  sc  ha  establecido  una  cdmera  de  comercio 
con  el  fin  de  fomentar  los  intereses  comerciales,  agricolas,  industrialcs 
y  maritimos  de  la  Repdblica  ITaitiana.  Se  ha  hecho  una  asignacion 
de  $1,800  para  sufragar  los  gastos  de  la  organizaci6n,  y  el  Presidente 
de  la  Republica  ha  sido  nombrado  presidente  honorario  de  aqu61Ia. 
Dicha  organizacion  no  solo  divulgard  los  debidos  informes  relativos 
d  los  productos  6  industrias  del  pais,  sino  que  tambifin  ha  de  hacer 
las  veces  de  im  in  termed  iario  para  efectuar  la  distribuci6n  local  de 
datos  oxtranjeros  que  so  consideren  valiosos  j)ara  el  pafs. 


AUMENTO    DEL    IMPUESTO    SOBRE    LA    EXPORTACIOX    DE    BANANOS    EX 

IIOXDURAS. 

A  fin  de  hacer  frente  a  las  exigemias  acerca  de  la  obtencion  de 
muelles  que  reunan  mejores  condiciones  y  mejores  medios  para 
efectuar  el  embarque  de  los  bananos  en  los  puertos  del  norte  de 
Honduras,  el  Gobierno  ha  aumentado  el  impuesto  sobre  cada  racimo 
de  bananos  de  2  centavos,  que  antes  se  cobraban,  d  3  centavos, 
debiendo  dedicarse  el  producto  de  dicho  impuesto  d  las  mejoras  que 
se  juzguen  convenientes. 


LA     SITI'ACIOX     ECOXOMICA     DE    MKXICO     SEGUX     LA    OPINION    DE    SU 
SECRETARK)  DE    HACIENDA. 

La  i)ublicaci6n  anual  del  informe  del  Licenciado  Jose  Ives  Liman- 
Toi'R — renoml)rrtdo  vSecretario  de  Hacienda  de  la  Repfiblica  Mexi- 
cana- -acerca  del  Tesoro  Xacicmal  y  su  resefia  del  estado  econ6mico 
del  pais,  hace  6poca  en  los  anales  mexicanos.  Todas  las  personam 
(|ue  (leseen  tener  un  conocimiento  exacto  de  los  asuntos  mexicanos 
deben  leer  el  informe  (jue  el  expresado  Secret ario  present6  al  Congreso 
Nacional  el  14  de  diciembre  de  1907.  En  esta  edici6n  del  Boletin 
se  publica  un  resumen  (|ue  comprende  los  puntos  mas  culminantea 
de  <licho  informe,  y  en  ellos  se  (hunuestran  las  condiciones  sati^ 
factorias  c[ue  pr<»valecen  en  to<la  esta  parte  importante  de  la  Uni6n 
Panamericana. 

El  informe  acerca  del  comercio  correspondiente  al  primer  trimestre* 
del  ano  economico  de  1907-8,  muestra  un  aumento  de  mds  de 
$5,000,000  en  el  valor  tantode  las  importacionescomode  lascxporta- 
ciones  do  la  Republica,  y  resulta  tanto  mas  satisfactorio  cuanto  que 
en  los  periodos  corresj)ondientes  de  los  dos  anos  ec(m6mici)8  ante- 
riores  ocurrio  una  ba ja  en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  hechas  de  los 
puertos  mexicanos. 


OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS.       123 

Las  mejoras  que  se  estdn  introducienclo  y  que  se  han  proyectado  en 
los  t^rminos  del  AtlAntico  y  del  Pacifico  del  Feirocarril  dc  Tehuante- 
pec,  est&n  siendo  objeto  de  gran  interns  entre  los  que  se  proponen 
fomentar  el  comercio  transismian^,  y  se  trata  de  que  wSalina  Cruz  y 
Coatzacoalcos  se  coloquen  al  nivel  de  otros  puertos  del  mundo  en 
cuanto  k  los  medios  de  trasbordo  de  morcancias. 


EL    MENSAJE   DEL    PHESIDEXTE    DE    NICARAGUA. 

El  mensaje  que  el  Presidente  Zelaya  le  dirigio  al  Congreso  Nica- 
raguense  el  P  cle  diciembre  de  1907,  es  un  documento  iinportante  que 
contiene  la  opinion  del  Ejecutivo  acerca  de  la  Conferencia  de  Paz 
celebrada  en  Washington  y  de  sus  causas  y  resultados. 

La  concesi6n  que  el  Gobiemo  le  hizo  4  los  Senores  Guerrero  y 
MoREiRA  para  efectuar  la  explotaci6n  de  bosques  de  goma  de  la  Repii- 
blica  durante  un  periodo  de  diez  afios,  d  contar  del  10  de  septiembre  de 
1905,  ha  sido  traspasada  d  la  ^* Atlantic  Industrial  Company,"  que 
continuarfi,  los  trabajos  ya  emprendidos  por  los  antiguos  concesio- 
narios  con  arreglo  4  las  cldusulas  del  contrato  gubernamental. 

La  nueva  ley  de  marcas  de  fdbrica  que  fue  promulgada  el  27  de 
noviembre  de  1907,  ha  de  influir  poderosamente  en  la  protecci6n 
in<lustrial  en  Nicaragua,  y  tiene  por  objeto  protoger  tanto  los  negocios 
extranjeros  como  los  del  pals. 


EL  INFORME  DEL  CONSUL  KELL0(;G  l)R  COLON,  PANAMA. 

El  infonne  que  ha  presentado  el  Sefior  James  C.  Kellogg,  Consul 
de  los  Estados  Unides  en  Col6n,  Panamit,  acerca  del  Puerto  de  Bocas 
del  Toro,  muestra  que  por  m&s  que  las  importaciones  por  dicho  puerto 
durante  el  afto  econ6mico  de  1907  se  aunientaron  en  c()mparaci6n 
con  el  afio  anterior,  hubo  una  dismimici6n  en  el  valor  de  las  expor- 
taciones.  Se  espera  que  la  exportaci6n  de  bananos  a  Europa,  para  la 
cual  se  han  hecho  extensos  preparativos  provcyendo  los  vapores  de 
aparatos  refrigeradores,  ha  de  producir  niejores  resultados  en  el 
pjresente  afto.  Dicese  que  los  Estados  I'nidos  hacen  mas  negocios 
en  este  puerto  que  las  denies  naciones. 


ESTABLECIMIENTO  DE  UN  BANCO  NACIONAL  EN  EL  PARAGUAY. 

Al  Congreso  Pai-aguayo  se  le  ha  presentado  un  proyecto  para 
llcvard  caboelestablecimientodeun  banco  mixtoconlaautorizacion 
del  Gobiemo,  que  se  denominara  ^^  Banco  de  La  Republica,"  con  un 
capital  de  $20,000,000  oro.  En  esta  edicion  del  Boletin  se  publican 
las  varias  operaciones  de  este  banco. 


124       OFICINA  INTEKNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS. 
NUEVO  8ERVICIO  DE  VAPORES  EXTKE  NUEVA  YORK  Y  EL  CALLAO. 

La  inaugiiraoi6n  de  un  niicvo  servicio  do  Ta|>ores  entre  Nueva  York 
y  el  Callao,  via  Panama,  ha  de  traer  consigo  un  gran  adelanto  eco- 
n6mico  en  las  relaciones  de  estas  dos  rej2:iones  comerciales.  Se  espera 
que  esta  empresa,  bajo  los  auspicios  ile  la  ^'National  Steamship  and 
Floating  Dock  Company  of  Callao/'  estara  operando  por  eompleto 
&  principios  de  1908,  y  ademiis  de  contar  eon  un  capital  de  $1 5,000,000, 
tiene  una  subvencion  de  $1,500^000  del  Gobierno  pemano. 


lA  REXTA  DE  ADl'AXA  DEL  SALVADOR. 

En  los  ultimos  datos  estadisticos  ([ue  se  han  obtenido  se  atlvierte 
una  disminucion  de  $145,904.42  en  la  renta  <le  aduana  del  Salvador, 
que  en  el  ])rimer  trimestre  de  1907  ascendio  a  $543,624.72,  en  com- 
paracion  con  el  periodo  correspondiento  de  1907. 


LA    REXTA    DE    ADT'AXA    DEL    IRlOrAY. 

Por  mas  ([ue  la  renta  de  aihiana  del  l^niguay  mostr6  ima  poqueila 
disminucion  en  octubre  de  1907,  en  comparacion  con  la  del  mes  ctv- 
resp:)iidi(Mite  (h  1900,  el  valor  total  correspondiente  al  perfdo  de 
diez  menses  (pie  termino  en  octubre,  nuiestra  un  aumento,  puesto  que 
en  los  dos  anos  do  referencia,  en  los  meses  de  enero  a  octubre.  dicho 
valor  ascendio  a  S11,271,S71  y  SI  1.000, 5:59,  respectivameiite. 

Se  han  efectuado  cambios  import  antes  en  la  ley  de  impuestos 
uruguaya  de  190S,  tal  como  ha  sido  i)n»sentada  por  la  legislatura  al 
Gobierno.  Vmy  de  los  precept  os  de  dicha  ley  eleva  de  3  centavos  que 
antes  se  cobraban  a  7  centavos  el  impuestosobre  compaAfasdesegu- 
ros  extranjeras  estal>lecidas  en  la  RepilbHca. 


AUMEXTO     DE     1>ERECIH>S     DE     IMl><>l{T  V<'I<»V     EX     VEXEZUELA. 

Por  un  dccrcto  del  1  [  de  noviembre  de  1907  el  Gobierno  Venezulano 
ha  impuesto  un  recargo  a  varias  substancias  aliment icias  y  articulos 
de  uso  domestic ).  Otros  articMlos  est  an  C(unprendidos  en  las  reeien- 
tes  modificacione^  arancelarias. 


OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.       125 

EL  PRIMER  CONGRESO  CIENTlFICO  PANAMERI- 

CANO. 

EI  Primer  Congreso  Cientifico  Panamericano  so  celebro  en  1898 
en  Buenos  Aires,  capital  de  la  Reptiblica  Argentina;  la  soguncla  sesi6n 
del  Congreso  se  efectu6  en  1901  on  Montevideo,  capital  del  Uruguay, 
y  la  tercera  se  celebro  en  1905  en  Rio  de  Janeiro,  capital  del  Brasil. 

Ahora  se  ha  resuelto  celebrar  la  cuarta  sesion  en  Santiago,  capital 
de  Civile,  en  h)s  diez  primeros  dias  del  nies  de  diciembre  de  1908,  y  con 
tal  iin  el  Gobiemo  chileno  ha  en\dado  las  invitaciones  correspon- 
dientes. 

Adem&s,  se  ha  resuelto  extender  la  esfera  de  accion  d(^l  Congreso 
de  manera  que  incluya  todas  las  Republicas  Americanas,  y  con  tal  fin 
el  Gobiemo  cliileno  ha  invitado  oficiahnente  al  Gobiemo  do  los  Est^- 
dos  Unid(K<?.  Al  niisnio  tiempt),  el  Congreso,  en  vez  de  donominarso 
C\iarto  Congreso  Cientifico  Latinoamericano,  so  denominara  Primer 
Congreso  Cientifico  Panamericano,  cual  corrospondo  a  su  aumontada 
representacion.  Mds  adelante  en  la  presente  se  insert  a  ol  mensajo 
ilel  Presidente  Roosevelt  al  transmitir  al  Congreso  ol  informo  del 
Secretario  Root  acerca  de  este  asunto.  El  Presidente  en  su  citado 
mensaje  aprueba  sinceramente  la  recomendacion  del  Sefior  Root,  a 
sabi^r:  Que  se  haga  una  asignacion  suficiente  para  que  los  Estados 
Unidos  sean  debidamente  representados  en  dicho  (\)ngreso. 

*"A1  Senado  y  Cdmara  de  Representante($: 

**Adjunto  remito  para  la  consideracion  de  las  rospectivas  C^maras 
del  Congreso,  un  infomie  del  Secretario  de  Estado  en  el  cual  expone  la 
conveniencia  de  que  se  tome  una  pronta  dotorminacion  d  fin  do  que 
correspondiendo  &  la  invitacion  del  Gdbierno  do  (^hilo,  el  Gobiorno  do 
los  Estado:;  Uni<los  pueda  ser  dignamente  roprosontado  en  el  Primer 
Congreso  Cientifico  Panamericano  que  so  ha  do  (•olo!)rar  {}\\  Santiaji:o, 
Chile,  en  los  diez  primeros  dias  del  mes  do  diciembre  iV'  1^K)S. 

**Apruebo  sinceramente  las  recomondaciono^  quo  se  hacon  on  osto 

informo,  y  espero  que  el  Congreso  tonga  a  bion  hacor  oportunamontc^  la 

dobida  asignacion  para  que  el  Gobiemo  puoda  corrospondor  do  una 

manera  apropiada  k  la  invitaci6n  del  Gobiorno  de  Chile,  onviando 

delegados  k  un  Congreso  que  no  puedo  monos  do  rovostir  grnn  intc^ros 

e  importancia  para  los  Gobiernos  y  pueblos  do  todas  las  Ko|)u})Ii(as 

Americanas. 

"Theodore  ]{oosevelt. 

"Casa  Blanxa.  diciejiiihre  21  dv  10^7.^' 
*'Al  Presidente: 

**El  Gobiemo  de  Chile  ha  invitado  al  Gobiorno  do  los  Kslados 
Unidos  para  que  tome  parte  y  sea  roprosontado  por  medio  do  delegados 


126       OFICTNA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMEBICANA8. 

en  cl  Congrcso  Cientifico  Panainoricano  que  so  ha  de  reunir  bajo  sus 
auspicios  eii  la  ciiidad  de  Santiago,  capital  dc  dicha  Keptiblica,  durante 
dicz  (lias,  comenzando  el  V  de  diciembrc  de  1908.  Los  trabajos  del 
Congreso  ban  de  coniprender  nueve  secoiones,  que  se  consagfaran 
respectivamente  a  las  matematicas  piuas  y  aplicadas,  la  fisica, 
ciencias  naturales,  ingenierla,  medicina  6  liigiene,  antropologla,  juris- 
prudencia  y  sociologla,  pedagogia,  y  agricultura  6  industria  animal. 

"Ilasta  ahora  se  ban  celebrado  los  siguientes  Congresos  Cientificos 
Latinoamericanos:  En  1898  en  Buenos  Aires,  en  1901  en  Montevideo, 
y  en  1905  en  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Conio  resultado  de  estas  confereneias 
previas,  el  Congreso  de  1908  sera  el  Primer  Congreso  Panamericano. 
Ila  de  estudiar  y  discutir  muchos  asuntos  de  suma  importancia  en  los 
cuales  estAn  especial  y  mutuamente  interesadas  todas  las  Reptiblicas 
Aniericanas,  y  tendr^  por  objeto  principal  reunir  los  m&s  prominentes 
hombres  de  ciencia  de  este  hemisferio  para  investigar  muclios 
j)roblemas  eminentemente  americanos  y  efectuar  un  intercambio  de 
experiencias  y  opiniones  que  debe  redundar  en  beneficio  de  todas  las 
naciones  interesadas. 

**Por  consiguiente,  es  sumamente  propio  ([ue  los  Estados  Unidos 
sean  debidamente  representados  en  este  importante  Primer  Con- 
greso Cientifico  Panamericano,  y  (|ue  aprovecben  esta  oportunidad 
])ara  cooperar  en  investigaciones  cientificas  con  los  representantes 
de  otras  Kepiiblicas  Americanas.  Es  digno  de  tomarse  en  conside- 
racion  (|ue  am^n  del  benefico  ([ue  ban  de  recibir  los  intereses  pura- 
mente  cientificos  ])()r  virtud  de  dicbo  Congreso,  y  ademas  de  las  venta- 
jas  ([ue  se  derivaran  de  un  intercambio  de  im])resiones  y  del  trato 
de  hombres  de  ciencia  de  los  ])aises  americanos  y  la  buena  inteligencia 
y  amistosas  rehicicmes  (pie  asi  se  ban  de  cslimular,  existen  nuicbas 
r(dacion(\s  especialos  (jue  surg(^«  i\v\  intimo  contacto  entre  los  Estados 
Tnidos  y  varios  pais(\s  latinoamericanos,  que  s(m  ccmsiguientes  al 
cnsanche  de  nueslro  coiuercio,  (1  incremento  de  nucstras  inversiones 
de  capital  y  a  hi  construcci(m  del  Canal  dc  Panama,  lo  cual  hace  (jue 
una  comiin  inteligencia  y  libre  cand>io  de  impresioncvs  sobr<»  asuntos 
cientHicos  n\sulte  de  gran  importancia  practica. 

*'A  fin  de  (jue  nuestra  represent aci(')n  j)ueda  Uevarse  a  cabo,  tengo 
(»1  honor  de  rcconuMidar  (pK*  se  i)ida  al  Congreso  (pic  asigne  la  suma 
de  S^MjOOO,  (')  la  cantidad  de  esa  suma  (pie  sea  n(»cesaria,  para  <|ue  los 
Kslados  Tnidos  puedan  enviar  un  niimcro  de  (hd(*gados  <|ue  corres- 
pon(hi  al  niimero  de  seccion(\s  en  (pie  s(»  ha  d(*  dividir  el  Congreso, 
junto  C(m  un  Secretario  y  un  habilitado,  y  para  sufragar  otros  gastos 
nec(»sarios. 

**Com()  (piiera  (pie  es  de  di\<ear  (pie  todas  las  conuinicaciones  A 
obras  cientificas  (pie  hayan  dc  pr(\"^entarse  on  cl  Congreso  se  reoiban 
antes  del  30  de  s(»ptiembre,  se  (\sj)era  (pie  la  autori/a<*i<)n  para  que 


LA  TERCEBA  CONVENCION  SANITARIA  INTERNACIONAL.   127 

oste  Gobienio  tomo  parte  en  dicho  Cougreso  sea  concedida  tan 
pronto  como  sea  posible,  y  que  en  seguida  piieda  disponerse  de  la 
asignacion. 

'\Se  somete  respetiiosaniente. 

•^Elihu  Root. 
**Departamexto  de  Estado, 

'*  ^SashingtoUy  diciembre  19  de  1907 y 


LA    TERCERA    CONVEXCION    SANITARIA    INTER- 
NACIONAL. 

A  continiiacion  i>e  publica  el  informe  presentado  a  Mr.  John  Bar- 
rett, Director  4le  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Repiiblica.s  America- 
nas,  por  el  Senor  Don  Francisco  J.  Yanes,  Secretario  de  la  misma, 
relativo  a  los  trabajos  de  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Sanitaria  Interna- 
cional, (|ue  se  celebr6  en  la  Ciiidad  de  ilexico  en  diciembre  de  1907^ 
}•  en  la  cual  tom6  parte  como  representante  especial  de  la  oficina: 

''  Washington,  D.  C,  31  de  diciemhre  de  19U7, 

**Sexor:  Tengo  el  honor  de  someter  k  la  consideracion  de  listed  el 
siguiente  informe,  relativo  k  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Sanitaria  Inter- 
nacional que  se  c^lebro  en  la  Ciudad  de  Mexico  del  2  al  7  de  diciembre 
de  1907,  y  en  la  cual  esiuve  presente  con  el  caracter  de  representante 
especial  de  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Republicas  Americana^s,  de 
conforniidad  con  sus  instnicciones  de  f(»clia  27  de  noviembre  de  1907. 

•*La  convocatoria  para  la  reuni6n  de  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Sani- 
taria Internacional  y  el  programa  provisional  fiieron  transmitidos  por 
la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Repi1blica.s  Americanas  a  los  distintos 
Gobiernos  de  la  Union,  por  medio  de-  los  miembros  del  Consejo 
Directivo  de  la  Oficina,  con  fecha  11  de  julio  de  1907,  3'  de  acuerdo 
con  la  convocatoria  y  el  programa  mencionados,  la  Tercera  Con- 
ferencia Sanitaria  Internacional  se  declar6  constituida  a  las  10  de 
la  niailana  del  martes,  2  de  diciembre  de  1907,  en  el  Gran  Salon  del 
Departamento  de  Ilaqienda  situado  en  el  Palacio  Xacional.  En  esta 
s(»si6n  inaugural  pronunciaron  discursos  de  bienv(*nida  los  Sefiores  Don 
Ramon  Corral,  Vicepresidente  de  la  Republica  y  Secretario  de  lo 
Interior,  y  el  Doctor  Eduardo  Liceaoa,  presidente  de  la  Convencion 
y  de  la  <lelegaci6n  mexicana.  Todas  las  delegaciones  presentes  con- 
test aron  con  breves  y  apropiados  discursos. 
.  '*Los  siguientes  delegados  estaban  presentes  en  la  sesion  inaugural: 

'^Brasil, — Dr.  Oswaldo  de  Goncalvez  Cruz. 

'"Chile. — Doctore43  Ernesto  Soza  y  Pedro  Lautaro  Ferrer. 

'"Colombia. — Doctores  Ricardo  Gutierres  Lee  y  Genaro  Payan. 

'"Casta  Rica. — Doctor  Juan  Jose  Ulloa. 


128       OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

''Ouba, — Doctorcs  Hugo  Roberts  y  Juan  Guiteras. 

^"Ecuador, — Doctor  Juan  Horacio  Esteves. 

^^Guatemdla, — Doctores  Salvador  Ortega  y  Jose  Azirdlv. 

^^ Honduras, — Doctor  Luis  Lazo  Arrlvga. 

^^  Mexico. — Doctor  E.  Lickaga,  LiccMiciado  Josk  Algara,  e  In^o- 
niero  H.  Elguero. 

''Salvador, — Doctor  Rodolfo  B.  Gonzalez. 

''Estados  Vnidos. — Doctores  Walter  Wyman,  R.  II.  Von  Ezoorf, 
P.  T.  Straus,  James  Gatewood.  Charles  Harrington,  W.  G. 
Owen,  Rhett  Goode.  y  H.  L.  E.  Johnson. 

^^El  Doctor  E.  Fernandez  Espiro,  del  Urutriiay,  llego  liacia  el 
final  de  la  confereiicia,  a  causa  de  retrasos  que  sufrio  durante  el  viaje. 

''Los  siguientes  delegad(»s  fueron  elegidos  vicei)residentes:  Doctor 
Walter  Wyman,  de  los  Estadas  I'nidos;  Doctor  Oswaldo  de  Gon- 
^ALVEZ  Cruz,  del  Brasil;  Doctor  Juan  J.  Ulloa,  de  Costa  Rica; 
Doctor  Juan  Guiteras,  de  Cuba;  Doctor  Ernesto  Soza,  de  Chile; 
Doctor  Salvador  Ortega,  de  Guatemala;  Doctor  Luis  L-vzo  ^Vkria- 
ga,  de  Honduras,  y  Doctor  (iregorio  Mendizabal,  de  Nicaragua. 

"Las  sitruientes  coniisiones  fueron  nombradas:  De  credenciales; 
consultiva;  de  fiebn*  aniarilla;  de  peste  bubonica:  de  tracoma, 
beriberi,  y  menin<j:itis  cerebro-espinal,  y  de  tuberculosis. 

'^A  causa  del  retraso  inotivado  por  varios  descarrilamientos  de 
trenes  de  niercancias  no  llegue  a  la  ciudad  de  Mexico  sino  hasta  la 
maAana  del  3  de  diciembre,  raz6n  por  la  cual  no  estuve  presente  en 
la  sesion  inau<j:ural. 

*'A1  presentar  mis  credenciales  al  Doctor  Eduardo  Liceaga,  y  k 
propuesta  del  Cirujano  (ieneral  Wyman,  <(ue  hi6  unaniniamente 
aprobada,  se  hicieron  extensivas  las  [)rerrojrativas  de  la  Convencidn 
al  Kepresentante  Especial  de  la  Oficina. 

Al  dar  las  jrracias  a  la  Convencion  por  su  cortes  recibimiento  mani- 
fest^ que  la  Oficina  tomaba  un  ^rande  interes  por  el  altruista  y  luinia- 
nitario  trabajo  (pie  Uevaba  a  cal)o,  y  que,  como  reprt^sentante 
especial  de  esta  institucion,  era  (»1  portador  4le  los  cord iales saludos, 
no  solo  del  Consejo  Directive,  sino  tambien  <lel  Director,  quien  me 
habia  encomendado  i)ers(>nalinente  la  placcntera  mision  de  presentar 
j\  la  Cimferencia  la  expresion  d(*  siis  biienos  deseos.  Dije»  adem&s, 
que  el  Director  hubiera  veni<l(»  personalmente  a  saludar  A  los  <lele^ad<»s 
si  no  hubiera  sido  por  el  liecbo  de  que  en  acjuellos  momentos  tenia 
lujrar  bajo  nuestro  tecbo  otro  suceso  <le  importancia  universal — la 
Conferencia  de  Paz  Centroamericana  fpie  iinpidio  su  salida  <le  la 
capital  d(»  los  Ivstados  rnidos.  Tambien  manifeste  que  en  aquelhis 
momentos  la  Oficina  sentia  una  gran  satisfaccion  porque  todos  los 
pais<»s  de  la  America  Latina  parecian  estar  (»cupad4)s  en  obras  nia^as 
y  nobles— por  una  parte,  las  He])ubli(as  dc  la  Anu'rica  Central  se 
hnUn))nn  ajustando  sus  diferencias  en  Washin<rton  y  plantando  los 


LA    TERCERA    CONVENOION    SANITARIA    INTEBNACIONAL.      129 

einiientos  de  su  future  bicnestar,  en  tanto  quo  por  otra,  la  luayoria 
tie  los  paises  Utinoaniericanos  se  hallaba  coiigregaila  en  la  hospita- 
lariaCiudad  de  Mexico  trabajando  por  la  causa  conuni  de  la  humanidail. 

El  proj^rama  preparado  por  la  delegaciou  niexicana  incluia,  ademas 
de  las  niaterias  de  que  habiade  tratarse  en  la  Conveneion,  una  recep- 
cion  dada  por  Su  Excelencia  el  General  Porfirio  Diaz,  Presidente  de 
la  Republica,  visitas  a  la  Xueva  Casa  de  ConxM)s,  ii  la  Penitenciaria, 
al  Castillo  de  Chapultepeo,  al  Cons<»jo  SufHTior  <le  Salubridad,  a  las 
obras  tie  provision  tie  aguas  potables  y  a  Xochiniiico,  a  los  nuevos 
aIrede<lores  Uamados  **Colonias,"  al  Hospital  (Jeneral,  y  a  la  estacion 
de  tH>inbas  de  inyec<  ion  de  aguas  para  el  lavado  de  aUujeHs,  asi  conio 
tand>ien  conciertos,  banquetes  y  otros  actos  de  (oftesia  y  bospit^ilidad. 

**En  el  dia  de  la  ultima  sesion,  7  de  dioiend>re  de  1007,  la  Comision 
CVinsultiva,  a  euya  consideration  st^  sonietieron  todas  1ms  ])r<)[)uestas 
que  requirian  accion  import  ante,  recomendo  ([ue  la  Convencion 
ad4>ptara  las  siguientes  resohuiones: 

*'Adliesi^n  por  parte  del  Brasil,Colond)ia  y  el  Tn^guay  a  hi  Con- 
voDcioii  Sanitarin  de  W6i^hington. 

* ' Codificacion  de  t^nias  las  leye^  y  rt^glamentos  sauitarios  de  los 
gobiernos  representados  en  la  convencion,  para  que  scan  trasmitidos 
k  la  Ofk'ina  Sanitaria  Intornacional  en  Washington  i;na  vez  codiii- 
cad  OS. 

"Autorizar  4  la  Oficiaa  Sanitaria  Inleinacional  en  Washington 
]>ara  que  establezca  relaciones con  el  *  Bureau  International  vSanitaire ' 
de  Paris,  de  acuerdo  con  la  n*coniendaci6n  de  la  Tercera  Conferen- 
cia  Panamericana  de  Rio  Janeiro. 

'*Orclenar  al  secretario  de  la  Convencion  que  induya  en  la  publi- 
cacion  de  Urs  trabajos  de  la  Tercera  (\)nvenci6n  Sanitaria  Interna- 
cional,  un  sumario  de  todas  las  resolucion(^s  adoptadas  por  las  c<m- 
venciones  anteriores  que  se  celebraron  en  Washington. 

**Solicitar  de  todos  k>s  gobiemos  de  la  America  qi-o  imphuitcn  en 
sus  resptHJtivos  paises  la  vacunacion  obligatoria. 

*'Crfstionar  con  liw  gobiemos  repres<*ntados  en  la  Convencion  hi 
c<»nveniencia  de  declarar  libix*  de  todo  dennho  ^  impuesto  la  qiiinina, 
lela  metalica  fina  a  pnieba  de  moscpiitos  y  otros  materiales  usados 
para  la  proteccion  contra  estos  insectos  y  el  petroleo  cnido. 

**K<*coraendar  6  los  distintos  gobiern(xs  el  estabhviiniento  <le  dis- 
jjeiLsarios  en  puntos  determinados  para  la  distribiiciou  gratis,  l)«jo 
ciertas  condiciones,  de  quinina  entre  pobres. 

••Recoincndar  una  propaganda  activa  en  escuelas,  fabricas,cnarte- 
les  y  otrossitiospflblicoscon  elfm  de  instniiral  pueblo  en  la  etiologia, 
profiiaxia  y  tratamiento  del  paludism<». 

**Kecomendar  la  publicacion  de  folletos,  cpie  scan  distribuidos 
gratuitaniente,  en  los  cuales  se  conteiigau  brcvcnientc  y  en  forma 
prtotica  y  sencilla  conociniientos  concernientes  a  las  luAiTi^s  \nv\\\v\\vv\s. 


130       OFICINA  INTEENACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAKAS. 

'^Recomendar  que  las  avtoridades  marltimas  incluyan  en  sits  in- 
formes  de  sanidad  estadlsticas  relativas  ^  la  mortalidad  cavsada  por 
el  paludismo. 

'^Kecoiiiendar  fi,  los  distintos  gobiemos  que  prohiban  la  innii- 
graci6n  de  personas  qiie  si»fren  de  traconia  6  beriberi. 

"Recomendar  la  adopcion  devarias  medidas  indicadas  para  la  pre- 
venci6n  de  la  tuberculosis  en  vapores  y  ferrocarriles. 

^^Recomendar  la  nacionalizaci6n  y  centralizaci6n  de  las  auto- 
ridades  de  sanidad. 

'*Tambi6n  fueron  adoptadas  otras  resoluciones  que  afectan 
directamentc  las  relaciones  de  laOficina  Intemacional  de  las  Reptibli- 
GBs  Americanas  con  la  Convenci6n  Sanitaria;  una  presentada  per  el 
Doct6r  LicEAGA,  al  efecto  de  que  las  convocatorias  para  las  confe- 
rencias  sanitarias,  adem6s  de  ser  trasmitidas  por  dicha  Qficina,  lo  sean 
tambi^n  por  el  gobiemo  del  pais  en  donde  se  haya  de  celebrar  la 
reuni6n.  El  Cirujano  General  Wyman,  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  pro- 
puso  una  resolvci6n  pidiendo  que  se  desrine  un  local  en  la  Oficina 
Intemacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas  para  un  empleado 
especial  que  atienda  k  los  asuntos  relativos  a  las  conferencias  sanita- 
rias. 

'*E1  Doctor  Ulloa,  de  Costa  Rica,  present6  tambi^n  una  pro- 
puesta  rogando  &  los  delegados  que  remitan  uno  6  dos  ejemplares 
de  sus  respect ivos  informes,  li  otros  trabajos,  &  laBibliot^cade  Col6n 
de  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Republicas  Americanas. 

'^Al  disponerse  el  establecimiento  de  la  Oficina  de  Inforaaacidn 
Sanitaria  en  Montevideo,  se  (lecidi6  que,  con  el  fin  de  facilitar  el 
trabajo,  el  Brasil,  la  Argentina,  el  Paraguay,  Chile  y  el  Perti  comuni- 
quen  directamente  con  Montevideo,  y  que  los  demds  palses  latino- 
americanos  lo  hagan  con  la  Oficina  Sanitaria  de  Washington. 

^^Si  bien  los  delegados  del  Brasil,  Chile  y  el  Uruguay  demostraron 
su  buena  vohmtad  de  que  la  Cuarta  Conferencia  se  celebrarA  en  las 
capitales  de  sus  respectivos  i)alses,  al  discutirse  la  seleccion  del  lugar 
para  hi  proxinui  conferencia,  el  Doctor  Cruz,  del  Brasil,  propuso  que 
se  (lesignara  la  ciudad  de  San  Jos^  de  Costa  Rica  con  tal  objeto,  lo 
que  se  acordo  por  aclamacion.  Entonces  se  deci<li6  que  la  reu- 
nion tuviera  lugar  en  el  mes  de  <licieml)re  de  1909.  El  Doctor  JuAK 
J.  Ulloa  fu6  elegi<lo  unanimamente  vtymo  presidente  dela  pr6xima 
Convencion. 

**La  preparacion  final  de  los  informes  y  trabajos  de  la  convenci6n 
estA  encomenchida  al  Doctor  Ulloa,  de  (\)sta  Rica.  Secretario  de  la 
(Vnvencion,  quien  los  remitini  <lentro  de  breve  tiempo  &  la  Oficina 
Intemacional  de  las  Re])ublicas  Americanas  ])ara  su  publicaci6n  y 
distribucion. 


LA    TEKCERA    CONVENCION    SANITARIA    INTfZRNACIONAL.      131 

"A  propuesta  del  Doctor  Fernandez  Espiko,  del  Uruguay,  los 
funcionarios  de  la  Oficina  Sanitaria  Inteinacional  fueron  un^nima- 
iiiente  reelegidos  para  el  pr6ximo  periodo. 

'*  Despufe  de  los  breves  discursos  do  despedida  que  pronuneiaron 
los  delegados  y  el  presidente,  Doctor  Liceaga,  se  declaro  terminada 
la  Conferencia  hasta  que  se  volviera  &  reunir  en  1909. 

**  Antes  de  dar  t^rmino  &  esta  breve  memoria  sobre  los  trabajos  de 
la  Tercera  Conferencia  Sanitaria  Tntemacional,  bar6  mencion  especial 
del  enorme  progreso  que  ha  hecho  Mexico  en  el  estableciniiento  de 
eondiciones  sanitarias  modemas  en  sus  principales  ciudades  y  puertos. 
EI  Gobiemo  Federal  ha  destinado  las  siguientes  sumas  para  el  sanea- 
miento  de  la  capital  de  la  Keptiblica  y  de  los  puertos  principales: 

Pritos  mfxicanos. 

riudad  do  M^xiro $28,  517.  900.  17 

Puerto  de  Manziinillo 7.882,760.00 

Puerto  de  Veracruz 3.  804.  493.  94 

Puerto  de  Tampico 2,  999.  779.  73 

Puerto  de  Salina  Truz 1, 190,  31 3.  30 

Puerto  M/»xi(o 1,  276, 114.  50 

Total 45.831.301.64 

"Del  presupuesto  que  antecede  todavia  (juedan  por  gastar  801/- 
913.06  pesos. 

**Las  cantidades  invertidas  hasta  ahora  en  el  saneaniiento  de  la 
Ciudad  de  Mexico  ban-  sido  conio  sigue : 

Pfsos  mcTicanos. 

Obras  de  desagiie  del  valle  de  Mexico $15,  967,  778. 17 

Saneaniiento  general  de  la  ciudad S.  210. 138.  25 

Ohra?  f^ara  el  abasteciraiento  de  aguas 4.  .339,  983.  75 

28,511,900.18 

**Tainbi^n  es  digno  de  mencion  especial  el  interes  (|ue  todos  los 
mexicanos,  desde  las  autoridades  mas  altas  hasta  los  particulares, 
demuestran  en  la  obra  que  estd  llevando  k  cabo  la  Oficina  Inter- 
nacional  de  las  Repliblicas  Americanas.  Parece  ((ue  todos  participan 
de  la  opini6n  gtoeral  de  que  la  Oficina  ha  entrado  por  fin  en  una 
verdadera  era  de  reorganizaci6n  'desde  cjue  la  Tercera  Conferencia 
Panamericana  se  reuni6  en  Rio  Janeiro  y  ensancho  su  esfera  de 
accion,  tanto  comercialmente  como  tambien  desde  un  punto  de 
vista  moral  yde  influencia,  y,finalmente,p()r  la  razon  de  que  pronto 
contari  con  su  propio  edificio.  Observe  c|ue  el  Boletin  es  leido 
y  apreciado  y  que  las  mejoras  introducidas  en  el  son  favorable- 
mente  comentadas  por  los  lectores  mexicanos. 

*'Soy  de  Ud.  atento  servidor, 

"Francisco  J.  Yanes." 
"  Al  Honorable  Sr.  John  Barrett, 

^^ Director  de  la  Oficina  Iniemaiional  de  las  Rcpuhlicas  Americanas, 


182       OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

IMPORTANTE     CARTA     DEL     PRESIDENTE 

ROOSEVELT. 

El  Profesor  L.  S.  Rowe,  do  la  l^iiiversidad  de  Pensilvania,  que 
file  uno  de  los  delogados  de  los  Est  ados  Unidos  a  la  Tercera  Confe- 
rencia  Intemacional  Americana  que  se  celebro  eu  Rio  de  Janeiro  en 
julio  de  1906,  despues  que  terniiuo  la  Conferencia,  emprendio  un 
extenso  viaje  por  la  America  del  Siir,  enel  cual  invirtio  aiio  y  medio. 

Despues  de  su  regreso  de  la  America  del  Sur,  el  Profesor  Rowe  ha 
tenido  una  conferencia  con  el  Presidente  Roosevelt  acerea  de  los 
fines  y  resultados  de  su  viaje,  y  sohre  todo  tocante  a  los  planes  que  ha 
formulado  para  cultivar  relaciones  intelectuales  mas  intimas  entre  los 
Est  ados  I'nidos  y  las  Repiihlicas  liermanas  del  sur.  El  Boletiv 
tiene  el  ^rusto  de  publicar  la  sijruiente  carta  de  aprobaci6n  que  el  Presi- 
dente Roosevelt  le  lia  dirijiido  al  Profesor  Rowe: 

**!Mi  estimado  Senoh  Rowe:  Me  hasidosumamenie«rraloplaticar 
con  listed  accrca  do  los  result  ados  de  su  viaje  por  la  America  del  Sur, 
asi  como  en  cuanto  a  los  varios  proyecios  ([ue  tiene  listed  enlamente 
para  foment ar  relaciones  inielectuales  mils  intimas  entre  las  regiones 
del  norte  y  del  sur  del  Coiuinente  Americano.  Creo  de  suiua  impor- 
tancia  que  ademas  de  las  relaciones  amistosars  que  existen  entre  los 
Gobiernos  de  las  Republicas  Americanas,  se  fornien  y  cuUiven  estre- 
chos  vinculos  per.soualcs  entre  lo^  primeros  pen*>adores  de  est  as  Repu- 
blicas. Diclias  rclacionc^s  pcisonalcs  piopenden  poderosa  y  eiicaz- 
mente  a  destruir  las  necia>  prcvcncioiics  y  c(»ncept(>s  err6neos  que  sou 
cons<»cuencia  dc  la  falla  del  mutuo  conocimiento.  p]n  este  hemis- 
ferio  occidental,  cada  una  dc  nuesiras  Republicas  puede  aprender 
y  ensenar  a  su  vcz  ciuindo  sc  pone  en  contacts  con  sus  Repiiblieas 
liermanas. 

**Xo  crci)  que  existan  factores  (pie  se  adapten  meji>r  a  la  eonsuma- 
cion  de  este  jrran  tin  (juc  las  univcrsitladcsdcd  Continente  Americano. 
Hay  muchos  problenuis  economic<»s.  snciale^  e  iiulustriales — pasando 
por  alto  otros  de  indole  ])uraniente  cienldira  (jue  son  eminent**- 
niente  americano>  y  dc  tras(eTidencia  continental.  Me<liante  la  co- 
opcracion  de  los  pensadon*s  e  inv(»<i!^Mdorcs  de  nuestras  diferentes 
miciones,  puede  bacersc  (pie  la  expericncia  acumuladn  de  este  homi;^ 
ferio  (^jerza  la  debiila  inilu(M\cia  (mi  <»sto>  problemas,  haciendo  mils 
probable  su  f(diz  solucion.  La  coiuunidad  dc  ideas  y  aeeion  que  de 
esta  mancra  sc  dcspi(M'ta  lia  dc  prestar  tambit'n  un  st»rvici<i  patri6tico 
nniy<n'  al  unir  intiniamenie  cada  vez  mas  todos  los  pueblos  del  hemis- 
ferio  occidtMital. 

"Dc  todo  corazon  dcsco  (pic  este  [>roy(»clo  obtengai  lui  6xilo  coni- 
])lcto. 

"Qucdo  de  u.sted  sincerainente. 

"TuEoiK)KE  Roosevelt." 


OFICIKA  INTEBN'ACIOXAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEEICANAS.      133 

OONGRESO  INTERN ACIONAL  SOBRE  LA  TUBER- 
CULOSIS. 

El  Conpjreso  Intemacional  sobre  la  Tuberculosis  se  celcbrara  on  la 
oiudad  do  Wdsluno:ton  durante  los  dias  comprendidos  del  21  de 
septiembre  al  12  de  cwtubre  de  1908. 

Ix>s  preparativos  para  la  coiiferencia  se  estan  Uevando  (i  cabo 
con  actividad  por  todos  los  Estados  Unidos  }'  eu  varios  jmises  d(4 
extranjero.  llasta  la  ftH*ha  se  ban  or«:anizado  comisiones  nacionales 
en  Francia,  iVlemania,  Suecia,  Austria,  Holanda,  Grecia,  Bulji^ariji, 
Cuba.  Venezuela,  Brasil  y  Costa  Rica.  I^a  comision  francesa,  pre- 
siditla  per  el  Doct<)r  Ixuis  Laxdoizy,  de  la  Facultad  de  Medicina 
do  la  Universidad  de  Paris,  est  a  compuesta  de  mas  de  troscientos 
eniinentes  medicos  de  Francia. 

El  Doctor  A.  Herrera  Vegas,  presidente  de  la  comision  venezo- 
lana.  lo  es  tambi^n  de  la  Li^a  iVnti tuberculosa  A'enczolana  y  miembro 
de  la  Academia  Nacional  de  Medicina  de  Caracas;  el  Doctor  P. 
ArosTA  Ortiz,  vicepresidente,  es  director  del  Hospital  de  Var<>:as, 
y  el  Doctor  L.  RiVZETTi,  uno  de  los  mieinbros  do  la  comision,  es  A'ice- 
rector  de  la  Universidad  de  Venezuela  y  secretario  permanente  de 
la  Academia  Xacional  de  Medicina. 

Todos  los  miembros  de  la  coniisi6n  brasilena  se  hallan  iiit(Tesados 
activamente  en  la  campana  autitubercidosa  (|iio  so  lleva  a  calx)  en 
su  pais.  Entre  ellos  se  ballan  el  Doctor  J.  J.  Azevedo  Lima,  de  Kio 
Janeiro,  presidente  de  la  JA^a.  Antituberculosa  Brasilena;  el  Doctor 
OswALiK)  Cruz,  Director  General  del  Departamento  de  Sanidad 
Pilldica;  el  Doctor  J.  J.  Seabka  y  el  Doctor  Cipriaxo  de  Fkeitas, 
de  Rio  Janeiro. 

El  presidente  de  la  comision  cubana  es  el  Doctor  Giitehas,  pro- 
fesor  que  fu6  do  patolo^ia  en  la  I'niversidad  de  Pensilvania  y  (lue 
actualniente  lo  es  de  la  Universidad  de  la  Habana.  El  Doctor  J.  L. 
cTacobsex,  vicepresidente  de  la  comision,  es  el  presidente  de  la  Lijra 
Antituberculosa  Cubana.  El  secretario  de  la  comision  es  el  Doctor 
M.  G.  Lebeeik),  de  la  Habana.  Esta  comision  cuenta  con  dos 
miembnw  de  reputacion  universal,  el  Doctor  Ahistides  AcaiAMONTK, 
el  unico  miembro  superviviente  de  la  famosa  comision  del  Ejcrcito 
Americano  para  el  estudio  de  lafiebra  amarilla,  yel  Doctor  Carlos  J. 
FiNiJiT,  a  <iuien  le  fu6  concedida  recientement^  la  medalla  "Mary 
McKinley"  por  la  Asociacion  de  Liverj)()ol  para  el  Estudio  de  Enfer- 
ine<lades  Tropicales. 

IjB,  comisi6n  costarricense  lia  ele<rido  coiuo  presidente  al  Doctor 
Liis  P.  Jimenez,  y  como  secretario  al  Doctor  Teodoko  Picaoo.  Jjos 
dem&s  miembros  son  los  I)(K*tores  Teodoko  Prestinaky,  Ben.tamiv 
Hernandez,  y  Marcos  Zuniga.  Todos  estos  senores  son  de  la 
ciudad  de  San  Jos6. 


134       OFICINA  INTERN ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 


ESTADO    FIXAXCIERO  .DE    LOS    PAlSES    LATINO- 

AMERICANOS. 

El  Sefior  Gabriel  Carrasco  publira  en  el  •Eeonomista  Argentino" 
un  interesante  articulo  sobre  el  estado  financiero  do  las  varias  Repii- 
blicas  (le  la  America  Latina,  en  el  cual  so  consij^nan  los  inp-esos  y 
e«^esos  (le  cada  pais,  junto  con  una  distribucion  prorrata  de  diohos 
in^resos  y  eo;resos  entre  los  habitantes  de  los  expresados  paises. 
Las  cifras  se  refieren  mavormente  al  afio  de  1905: 


KeinlblU  a  Argentina  . . . 

Bolivia 

Brasil 

Chile 

.  Colombia 

I'osta  Kica 

Cuba 

KepHblica  DoiiiiiiiLinia . 

Eciia<lor 

(Juateinala 

UaitJ 


Homluras 

Mexico 

NicarapuH  (IfKW). 
Paraguay  (IIMM). 

Pananid 

Pera. 


Salvador 

Truguay  

Venezuela  (lywi). 


Egresos 

Ingres<»* 

l-giesos. 

Presupuesto. 

per 

per 

rnpita. 

capita. 

9:88.4}«.UU0 

$89,225,000 

$15.52 

$i.V«i-> 

4.67r>.(XlO 

4,162.000 

2.50 

2.2H 

127.(>W.WiU 

127.478,000 

8.95 

H.W 

39.754.000 

40,745,000 

12. 42 

12. 7.1 

14,420.000 

9.149,000 

3.20 

2.U3 

1.(K«.000 

2.493,000 

8.06 

lO.lY. 

Ift.  138.000 

19.699.000 

12.11 

12.52 

2.3«i>,(ino 

2,427,000 

5.75 

.xh3 

6,119,000 

5,8.->7,000 

4.82 

4.60 

13,  aw.  (WO 

ll..")00.000 

7.42 

6.24 

ll,(r28.000 

9.767.000 

7.70 

»V  S5 

1.670,000 

1.652.000 

3.07 

3.01 

43,0H9.000 

44.ai2,000 

3.17 

a.  24 

1,S87.000 

1.322.000 

4.37 

3.(N 

1.684.  OCW 

1,686,000 

2.04 

2.d5 

11.7aK.(K)0 

11.856.000 

3.92 

3.«»-» 

r),070.(K!0 

5.311.000 

.'i.07 

5.31 

19, 471.  (KM) 

19.590.000 

19.47 

19.  .-.I* 

ll.fi(Hi,0(K) 

11.606.000 

4.48 

4.<8 

42.-.,  471, 000 

410,.-)77.(«0 

7.20 

7.10 

REPUBLKW   AR(;EXTIXA. 

COMERCIO    EXTRANJERO   EN   LOS   NUEVE    PRIMEROS  MESES  DS 

1007. 

La  Oficina  de  Estadistica  del  (iobierno  Argentmo  ha  expedido  su 
boletin  iv<^ular,  intitulado  ''El  Coniercio  Exterior  Argentino, *'  que 
conipiende  el  coniercio  extranjero  de  la  Republica  durante  los  nueve 
prinieros*  ni(\s(\s  transcurridos  de  enero  a  septienibre  de  1907.  El 
valor  de  las  inipo.  tacion(\s  durante  dicho  periodo  se  calcula  en 
$2()2,S35,21S  en  oi'o,  lo  cual  niuestra  un  auniento  de  S5,519,704  on 
coniparaci(')n  con  los  niisnios  nueve  nieses  de  1906;  el  valor  de  las 
exportacioiH\s  se  calcula  on  $24(),S7S,()11,  o  sea  un  auniento  de 
$10,247,350  r(\specto  (1(4  periodo  convspondiente  del  aflo  anterior. 
El  valor  de  las  import acion(\s  inipouibles  .se  calcula  en  $128,184,517 
y  (^1  de  las  iniportaciont^s  lii)r(\s  de  d(»i  (vho  en  S74,(>oO,701,  en  tanto 
(jue  el  valor  de  las  iiii|)oi*tacion(N  dc*  oro  y  plata  se  calculaii  en 
$23,440,940.  En  la  lista  de  c^xpoitacioiu^s  los  productos  imponibles 
se  valuanni  en  SSfiS,  en  tanto  (jue  vl  valor  de  los  ]>roduct<)s  que  se 
expoitaroii  libn^s  de  derecbos  asrendit')  a  $240,877,743  vol  valor  de 
-///.uf  expoi'iticionos  do  oro  y  plata  ascendi<>  a  $2S1,750. 


REPUBLIC  A   ARGENTINA.  135 

Por  las  cifras  que  anteceden  se  adviertc  que  el  aumento  del  valor 
de  las  exportaciones  de  productos  de  la  Republica  eomparado  con  el 
de  las  importaciones  en  los  nueve  meses  de  referencia  asciende  L 
$38,043,393,  en  tanto  que  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  de  oro  y  plata. 
excedi6  en  $23,159,193  al    de  las  exportaciones  de    dichos  me  tales. 

En  la  distribuci6n  de  las  importaciones  por  paises  de  procedencia^ 
el  valor  de  las  que  se  hicieron  del  Reino  Unido,  que  va  a  la  cabeza 
de  la  lista  de  dichos  pafses,  ascendi6  d  $71,964,236;  sigue  Alemania,. 
que  representa  $32,131,549;  los  Estados  Unidos,  que  representan 
$26,476,423;  Francia,  $18,447,927;  Italia,  $17,577,375;  B^lgica,  $11,- 
471,881  ;Brasil,  $5,371,957;  Espaiia,  $5,191,250;  Uruguay,  $1,874,291 ; 
Austria-Hungrla,  $1,731,721;  los  Paises  Bajos,  $1,162,336;  Paraguay,. 
$983,143;  Chile,  $313,955;  Bolivia,  $105,457,  y  Africa,  $15,997. 

Bajo  la  denominaci6n  general  de  '^Otros  paises  de  procedencia,'*' 
se  incluyen  Australia,  que  representa  $44,418;  Canadd,  $687,141  p 
Colombia,  $2,493;  Cuba,  $386,964;  China,  $404,409;  Dinamarca,. 
$38,744;  Ecuador,  $23,528;  Egipto,  $1,103;  Grecia,  $31,555;  Guate- 
mala, $689;  Jap6n,  $147,764;  Mexico,  $3,622;  Noruega,  $336,171;. 
Persia,  $547;  Peru,  $531,843;  Portugal,  $208,287;  Posesiones  fran- 
cesas,  $6,875;  Colonias  holandesas,  $30,039;  Colonias  britdnicas,, 
$2,641,515;  Colonias  norteamericanas,  $9,855;  Rumania,  $1,675; 
Rusia,  $261,815;  Salvador,  $708;  Republica  Dominicana,  $287; 
Suecia,  $280,076;  Suiza,  $1,567,371;  Turquia,  $30,044,  y  Venezuela,, 
$0,633. 

En  comparacion  con  los  nueve  primcros  meses  de  1906,  se  ad- 
viertcn  aumentos  tanto  en  los  articulos  como  en  el  valor  de  los  que 
se  han  importado  de  los  siguientes  paises:  Alemania,  $3,617,968; 
Reino  Unido,  $2,803,301;  B^lgica,  $2,262,096;  Austria-IIungria,. 
$545,587;  Uruguay,  $520,521;  Brasil,  $598,085;  Paraguay,  $84,318,  y 
Bolivia,  $10,862. 

Se  nota  una  baja  en  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  hechas  de  los  paises 
siguientes:  Francia,  $2,216,698;  Italia,  $1,009,397;  Estados  Unidos, 
$719,829;  Espafia,  $358,155;  Chile,  $132,410;  Raises  Bajos,  $27,344, 
y  Africa,  $5,265. 

En  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1905,  el  Reino  Unido  va  a  la 
cabeza  de  los  paises  que  han  recibido  exportaciones  de  la  Republica 
Argentina,  habidndole  comprado  articulos  por  valor  de  $40,501,376, 
luego  sigue  Alemania,  que  le  compro  $28,784,527;  Francia,  828,- 
351,594;^  B^lgica,  $24,637,882;  Brasil,  $10,388,686;  los  Estados 
Unidos,  $8,627,941;  los  Raises  Bajos,  $3,526,970;  Italia,  $3,283,705; 
Uruguay,  $2,839,833;  Chile,  $1,586,677;  Africa,  $1,326,650;  i:spafia, 
$1,287,154;  Bolivia,  $543,853;  Austria-IIungria,  $521,492,  y  Para- 
guay, $117,139. 

Bajo  la  denominaci6n  de  ^'Otros  paises  de  procedencia''  se  in- 
cluyen 4  Cuba, que  representa  $217,81 1 ;  Dinamarca,  $89,238  *,  Norvie^e.^ 
S4181— Bun.  1—08 10 


136       OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS. 


$1,061,144;  Perd,  $90,613;  Portugal,  $25,401;  Colonias  francesas, 
$664;  Colonias  briUnicas,  $45,197,  j  Suecia,  $665,149. 

El  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  los  palses  que  &  contmuaci6n  se 
expresan,  muestra  los  siguientes  aumentos:  Reino  Unido,  $9,300,538; 
B61gic^,  $5,027,366;  Francia,  $3,711^702;  Brasil,  $1,598,683;  Palses 
Bajos,  $1,189,856;  Austria-Himgria,  $486,951;  Ctule,  $430,984,  y 
Bolivia,  $246,076. 

En  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  se  notan  las  siguientes  bajas:  A 
Africa,  $1,557,171;  k  los  Estados  Unidos,  $1,701,312;  k  Italia, 
$1,526,770;  al  Uruguay,  $977,049;  d  Espaiia,  $574,033;  &  Alemania, 
$399,408,  y  al  Paraguay,  $17,709. 

En  la  d^cada  transcurrida  de  1898  k  1907,  el  valor  de  las  importap- 
ciones  en  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1906  excede  al  de  todos  los 
afios  anteriores,  en  tanto  que  durante  dicho  perlodo  tlnicamente  en 
1905  hubo  un  aumento  en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones,  habiendo 
ascendido  6stas  A  $247,110,133. 

El  valor  de  las  iniportaciones  del  aflo  se  calcula  oficialmente  en 
$268,655,017,  en  comparaci6n  con  $269,970,521  en  1906;  al  paso  que 
el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  se  calcula  en  $318,622,501,  ccHitra  $292,- 
253,829  en  el  aiio  anterior. 

En  las  importacionos  que  se  hicieron  en  los  nueve  primeros  meses 
de  1907,  se  muestran  los  siguientes  articulos  y  su  valor,  jimto  con  los 
respectivos  aumentos  6  bajas  en  comparacion  con  el  perlodo  corres- 
pondiente  de  1906: 


Articulos. 


Animalos  vivos 

Substancias  alimonticias 

Tabaco  y  sus  aplicaciones 

Vinos  y  lieoros 

Tojidos  i\o  diforontes  claso« 

Acoi tes,  ote 

I'roducto.s  qiilmioos  y  farinao«''iiticos . 

Tinturas  y  tintos 

MadiTas  y  sus  artofa/'tos 

J*aiM*l  y  sus  artofaotos 

CuiTo  y  sus  art<'fa<'tos 

lllcrro,  acoro  y  sus  art»»fiu'tos 

Otros  motalos  y  sus  artcfat't*^'' 

Tiistruineiitos  iW  apricultura 

Vehlculos  y  siis  actrsorios 

Produrt.oscordmlcos 

Matoriales  do  const  riK'iMon 

Articulos  ol<?ctrieos  y  sus  aixrcsorio-^. . 
Otros  iirtlcuios " 


Xuevc  mesos  de 

Comparaci6n  con 

1907. 

1906. 

SI,  280, 472 

-      184,^ 

14,488,.'i36 

+  1.4Z7.2S0 

3,334,241 

-      313.171 

8,638.272 

-      122.00S 

30,774.332 

-  7.292.130 

5.708,485 

+      152.4?» 

5,7.^.459 

+      &3.eao 

1.090.496 

-        77.482 

4.142.710 

+        99.630 

3.860.fl08 

+    4eo.«B 

1., ''.19.115 

-      259.532 

21,881, aw 

-  3,045.906 

5.095,933 

-      972.  SOS 

10.403,024 

-  1.394.407 

40.704.K?2 

+lfi.270.7T9 

14.8.-.2.Wi2 

-     412.  nu 

1.-..  784,  492 

+      4i94.(MO 

2.4K7.013 

+      287.154 

5.(120.858 

+        47,210 

T^os    articulo.s   do    cxi)()rtaci6u    y    la.s    comparaciones    corrospou- 
dioutcs  (Ml  los  (los  i)crio(los  fueron  como  si^ue: 


Articulos 


Pmduclos  ih-  hi  fTMnadiTfji 

J  nxlta-tos  aj:rIcol;is 

rroiliift(»s  dc  los  l»os<ju<  s. 
I'rodurtos  dc  las  niin-is. , , 

I*ro<luctos  dc  la  chxu , 

/'rot/ijcios  (Jh'fTsoii 


Xucvo  mcfloii 

CompancMn 

do  1907. 

con  1906. 

Sss.2»ri..'ifi6 

31. 464.  KB 

14(>.4()i>.(r.l 

+  19.  .'24, 731 

3.9t'-i.7r.5 

-      80S.  130 

4W.(»ia 

+      302.712 

fA9..'i(S 

-        98.78S 

1.1.19.045 

-  1.217,240 

BEPUBLICA    ARGENTINA. 


137 


HATEBIAL  RODANTE  DE  FERROCABRILES  EN  1907. 

El  Ministro  Argentino  de  Obras  Ptiblicas  ha  preparado  una  relaci6n 
que  muestra  el  material  rodante  que  hay  en  el  servicio  de  varias 
compafkias  de  ferrocarriles  de  la  Reptiblica  al  terminar  el  aiio  de  1907, 
para  demostrar  los  medios  con  que  cuentan  para  hacer  frente  d  las 
exigencias  consiguientes  al  trasporte  de  las  cosechas. 

Los  medios  con  que  contaban  las  empresas  y  sus  respectivos 
aumentos  en  comparacion  con  el  aflo  de  1906  son  los  siguientes: 


Ferrocarriles. 


Gran  FcrrocarrU  del  Sur 

Ferrocanll  del  Oeste 

Ferrocarrll  de  Rosario 

Ferrocarril  Central  Argentino 

Ferrocarril  del  Padfico 

Gran  Ferrocarril  del  Oeste 

Ferrocarril  Andino 

Ferrocarril  de  la  Provincia  de  Santa  ¥6 

Ferrocarril  Central  de  Cordoba 

Ferrocarril  de  Cordoba  y  Rosario 

Ferrocarril  Nacional  Central  del  Norte . 
Ferrocarril  del  Norte  Argentino 


Locomoto- 

Capacidad 

ras  do  tre- 

de  los  Ga- 

nes de 

rros  en 

carga. 

toneladas. 

544 

218,200 

277 

160,000 

250 

145,000 

205 

111,000 

135 

140,000 

168 

63,800 

23 

11,940 

112 

50.000 

95 

33,000 

35 

11,840 

148 

53,800 

38 

10, 250 

Proporcion 
de  au- 
mento. 


18.82 
27.50 
17.85 
28.19 
22.80 
65.50 
11.40 
5.12 
24.00 
46.30 


No  se  muestra  ningun  aumento  en  las  lineas  que  son  propiedad  del 
Est  ado. 

Los  cobertizos  para  granos,  etc.,  que  laiy  en  las  estaciones  per- 
tenecientes  &  los  ferrocarriles  y  fi,  particulares,  tienen  una  capacidad 
total  de  795,455  metres  cuadrados.  Esto  no  incluye  los  cobertizos, 
almacenes  de  dep6sito  y  elevadores  que  hay  en  las  estaciones  termi- 
nates 6  en  los  puertos  que,  considerados  en  conjunto,  representan  una 
capacidad  de  2,266,421  toneladas. 

BNTRADA  LIBBE  DE  MAQTHNARIA  MINEHA  Y  METALltBOICA. 

Una  ley  argentina  de  fecha  30  de  septiembre  de  1907,  declara  libre 
de  derechos  de  aduana,  durante  un  periodo  de  dicz  aiios,  la  entrada 
de  maquinaria,  herramientas  y  materiales  neccsarios  para  la  instala- 
ci6n  y  operaci6n  de  los  establecimientos  niineros  y  metaliirgicos  que 
se  construyan  6  que  ya  existan  en  la  Reptiblica.  Dicha  ley  tambien 
comprende  la  maquinaria,  herramientas  y  materiales  para  la  excava- 
cion  de  pozos. 

-  A  fin  de  obtener  la  exenci6n  de  que  se  trata,  los  interesados  tienen 
que  hacer  una  solicitud  por  escrito  d  la  achiana  por  la  ciial  se  dosoe 
efectuar  la  importaci6n.  Los  costos  consiguientes  a  la  comprobacion 
de  los  materiales  serdn  por  cuenta  del  solicitante. 

INOBSSOS  DE   LA  RBKTA  INTERNA   EN    LOS   NTJEVE   PRIMEROS 

MESES  DE  1907. 

En  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907  los  ingrcsos  derivados  de  las 
contribuciones  intemas  ascendieron  d  $31,493,006.17  ei\  pa\>e\  \wviW^OL«u 


138       OFICINA  INTERN ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBI0AKA8. 

y  $21,641  en  oro,  en  comparaci6n  con  $28,744,276.68  en  papel  y 
$19,634.16  en  oro  durante  el  periodo  correspondiente  del  afio  anterior. 

LA  PBODUCCldN  DE  AZlJCAB  EN  TUCIJMAN,  EN  CINCO  MESES  DE 

1907. 

La  estadistica  de  la  producci6n  azucarera  en  Tucumdn  corres- 
pondiente &  cinco  meses,  marzo,  junio,  julio,  agosto  y  septiembre 
de  1907,  acusa  una  disminucion  con  respecto  &  la  del  mismo  perfodo 
de  1906.  El  producto  durante  los  perlodos  que  se  comparan  t\i6 
como  se  expresa  d  continuaci6n : 


Marzo 

Junio 

Julio 

Agosto 

Septiembre. 

Total. 


1906. 


Tondadas. 
396 
15.929 
30.348 
27,187 
16,928 


1907. 


Tontfada*. 
463 
19.808 
29,169 
26.534 
12.232 


90.728  88,291 


La  diferencia  en  contra  de  1907  es,  pues,  de  2,437  toneladas. 
Esta  baja  fue  causada  por  las  heladas,  las  cuales  hicieron  mucho 
dafio  en  las  plantaciones.  Esta  disminuci6n,  &  su  vez,  ha  motivado 
el  alza  de  los  precios  del  aziicar. 

6BANEBOS   SIONALES   EN  EL  PTJEBTO  DE  BUENOS  AIBBS. 

Con  el  fin  de  evitar  la  congestion  del  trdfico,  que  siempre  ocurre 
en  el  piicrto  de  Buenos  Aires  cuando  el  embarque  de.  cereales  est4 
en  su  apogeo,  el  Ministro  de  Agricultura  de  la  Republica  Argentina 
ha  presentado  un  proyecto  de  ley  sobre  la  construcci6n  en  el  puerto 
de  la  capital  de  graneros  provisionals  con  capacidad  para  100,000 
toneladas  de  cereales.  Los  vagones  que  lleguen  al  puerto  y  no 
puedan  descargar  dircctamente  en  los  buciues  respectivos  dentro  de 
las  veinticuatro  horas  ([uc  les  concede  la  ley,  lo  hardn  en  dichos 
graneros.  La  carga  desde  d  dcposito  al  bucjue  se  hara  por  elevaci6n, 
con  un  sistenia  de  cintas  y  canalotas. 

Con  la  capacidad  de  100,000  toneladas,  y  suponiendo  un  plazo 
m&ximo  de  alniacenaje  de  (luince  a  veinte  dias,  podrin  alojarse  en 
dichos  depositos,  durante  los  priineros  siete  meses  de  trabajo  m&s 
activo   alrededor  de  1,000,000  toneladas  de  cereal. 

Abe  A  DE  TEBBENOS  SEMBBADOS  EN  1907. 

La  Oficina  de  Estadistica  del  Depart amento  de  Agricultura  de  la 
Republica  Argentina  publico  recientemente  las  cifras  definitivas  del 
drea  de  terrenos  scmbrados  en  el  pais  durante  1907.  Varfan  un  poco 
de  los  cdlculos  (jue  se  publicaron  anteriormente,  teniendo  el  4rea  sem- 
})rada  de  trigo  27,000  hectdreas  menos,  la  de  lino  24,000  hcct&reas 
mcnos,  y  la  do  avena  42,000  hectdreas  m&s. 


BRASIL.  139 

Estas  cifras  definitivas,  en  comparaci6n  con  las  de  1906,  son  como 
sigue: 


Trigo.. 
Uno... 
Avcna. 


1907. 


Hectdreas. 
5,750,978 
1,391,467 
284,098 


1906. 


Hectdreas. 
6,692,171 
1,020,216 
76,610 


ACTT£rAGI(5N  DE  MONEDAS  DE  NlaUEL. 

El  Poder  Ejecutivo  de  la  Reptiblica  se  ha  servido  autorizar  la 
acuflaci6n  de  2,553,781  pesos  en  monedas  de  nlquel  para  completar 
un  total  de  12,000,000. 

El  Ministro  Plenipotenciario  de  la  Repiiblica  en  Londres  tiene  la 
orden  de  adquirir  5,000,000  discos  para  monedas  de  20  centavos, 
11,022,000  para  pieaas  de  10  centavos,  y  9,093,787  para  el  tipo  de  5 
centavos. 


BRASIL. 

EL  COMEBCIO  EXTBANJEBO  EN  LOS  NTJEVE  PBIMEBOS  MESES  DE 

1007. 

Los  datos  estadisticos  relativos  al  comercio  extranjero  del  Brasil 
en  los  nueve  meses  transcurridos  de  enero  k  septiembre  de  1907, 
muestran  que  el  valor  total  de  importaciones  ascendi6  k  468,559:983$ 
($147,000,000),  en  comparaci6n  con  337,984:983$  ($114,500,000)  en 
los  mismos  meses  de  1906,  y  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  ascendio  k 
669,286:556$  ($210,500,000),  contra 498,691:572$  ($168,500,000)  en  el 
periodo  correspondiente  del  ano  anterior,  mostrandose  asl  un  aumento 
de  m&s  de  $22,000,000  en  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  y  de  $42,000,000 
en  el  de  las  exportaciones  en  el  periodo  citado  de  1907,  y  mostrtodose 
que  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  la  Repiiblica,  comparado  con  el 
de  las  importaciones,  de  $53,000,000  en  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de 
1906,  ascendi6  k  $62,000,000  en  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907. 

La  mayor  parte  de  este  aumento  en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones 
respecto  del  de  las  importaciones  ocurrio  en  los  siete  primeros  meses 
del  aflo  de  1907,  puesto  que  en  los  meses  de  agosto  y  septiembre  una 
merma  en  el  valor  de  los  dos  productos  de  exportaci6n,  k  saber,  el 
caf6  y  la  goma,  produjo  una  baja  en  la  lista  de  articulos  de  exportaci6n 
en  comparaci6n  con  la  de  los  mismos  meses  de  1906.  Porotra  parte, 
el  valor  de  las  importaciones  en  los  do  meses  que  se  ha  hecho  refe- 
rencia  continu6  subiendo  k  causa  de  la  demanda  que  tuvieron  la 
maquinaria  y  materiales  que  se  necesitaron  para  las  numerosas  6 
importantes  obras  ptiblicas  que  estdn  en  vias  de  construccion  en  la 
Repdblica. 


140       OFICINA  INTERN ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAKA8. 

IN6BESOS  DE  ADUANA  EN  LOS  NT7EVE  PBOCEBOS  MESES  DE  l{k>7. 

En  los  nueve  primeros  meses  comprendidos  de  enero  &  septiembre 
de  1907,  los  ingresos  de  aduana  en  las  varias  aduanas  de  la  Reptiblica 
del  Brasil  ascendieron  k  218,5558000  ($72,123,150),  en  comparaci6n 
con  175,177$000  ($57,808,410)  en  el  periodo  correspondiente  del  afio 
anterior,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  m^s  de  $14,000,000. 


COLOMBIA. 

IMPOBTACldN  LIBBE  DE  MAfZ  7  ABBOZ. 

En  virtud  de  un  decreto  del  Presidente  de  la  Repiiblica  de  Colombia, 
fechado  el  5  de  diciembre  de  1907,  la  importaci6n  de  maiz  y  arroz  por 
los  puertos  del  Atltotico  queda  libre  de  derechog  hasta  el  1®  de  mayo 
de  1908.     Es  medida  ha  sido  adoptada  con  motivo  de  los  dafLos 

causados  por  la  langosta. 


COSTA  RICA. 

BECEPCldN  DEL    MINISTBO   ESPECIAIi   DE    COSTA   BICA  EN  IX>S 

ESTADOS  TJNIDOS. 

El  wSefior  Don  Luis  Anderson,  Enviado  Extraordinario  y  Ministro 
Plenipotenciario  de  Costa  Kica,  en  una  misi6n  especial  ante  el  Gobiemo 
de  los  Estados  Unidos,  fiie  recibido  con  tal  carficter  por  el  Presidente 
Roosevelt  el  dia  12  de  noviembre  de  1907.  Al  presentar  sus  cre- 
denciales  el  Senor  Anderson  pronuncio  el  siguiente  discurso: 

'^ExcELENTisiMo  Senor  Presidente:  Por  generosa  mediaci6n  de 
Vuestra  P^xcelencia  y  del  Excelentisimo  Senor  Presidente  de  los  Esta- 
dos Unidos  Mexicanos,  se  reunira  en  breve  en  esta  Capital  el  Congreso 
de  Plcnipotenciarios  de  las  cinco  Kepiiblicas  de  Centro  America,  que 
para  bien  de  la  civilizacion  y  la  dicha  de  aquellos  paises,  ha  de  poner 
iin  a  pasadas  diferencias  entrc  cllos  y  asogurarles  para  siempre  las 
})en(liciones  de  una  paz  solida,  bajo  cuya  a  la  protectora  puedan 
marchar  &  la  roalizacion  de  los  niagnificos  destinos  que  las  virtudes 
de  su  hijos  y  sus  ri(iuezas  naturalcs  \os  aseguran. 

'^  Costa  Kica,  que  ama  con  amor  entrafiable  a  sus  hermanas  del  Istmo 
y  que  vive  con  ellas  en  completa  armonia,  aprecia llena de gratitud  tan 
noble  y  humanitaria  excitativa,  porque  tiene  fc  en  que  ella  ser&  el 
caniino  seguro  para  que  la  paz  de  que  disfruta  y  que  es  la  llaye  de 
su  dicha  presente  alcance  a  toda  hi  faniilia  controamericana. 

''llonrado  por  mi  Cobierno  con  ol  canicter  de  Delegado  &  laConfe- 
ronciii  de  Paz,  el  wSefior  Presidente  CJoxzai.ez  Viquez  ha  querido 
/y)rovechar  mi  prcsencia  en  esta  Capital,  para  confiarme  la  misiAn 


COSTA   RICA.  141 

especi&l,  tan  grata  como  sefialadamente  honrosa,  de  ser  mensajero 
de  m4s  cordial  saludo  del  pueblo  y  del  Gobierno  de  Costa  Rica  para 
est  a  noble  naci6n  y  su  ilustre  mandatario. 

**E1  desarroUo  maravilloso  con  que  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America 
asombran  al  mundo,  su  creciente  prosperidad  y  el  bienestar  de  este 
pueblo  cuyos  destinos  pesan  en  los  destinos  de  la  raza  liumana,  liijos 
son  del  culto  k  la  libertad  y  ^  la  justicia  que  los  fundadores  de  la 
Repfiblica  encamaron  en  el  coraz6n  de  sus  liombres.  Este  culto 
transportado  de  vuestras  instituciones  d  las  de  nuestros  paises,  cons- 
tituye  la  piedra  angular  de  la  fratemidad  americana  d  cuya  sombra 
viven  y  desarrollan,  se  aman  y  se  respetan  las  naciones  todas  del 
nuevo  Continente.  For  la  libertad  y  la  justicia  deseamos  que  cada 
vez  sean  m&s  y  m6.s  estrechas  las  relaciones  que  unen  d  la  pequena  y 
libre  Costa  Rica,  con  la  poderosa  Nacion  norteamericana. 

Al  poner  en  vuestras  manos  la  carta  que  me  acredita  como  Enviado 
Extraordinario  y  Ministro  Plenipotenciario  en  misi6n  especial  cerca 
del  Gobierno  de  Vuestra  Excelencia  nada  es  tan  grato  para  ml  como 
el  significaros  los  sentimientos  de  afecto  y  gratitud  de  los  costarri- 
censes  para  el  pueblo  y  el  Gobierno  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America 
y  los  votos  que  hacen  por  vuestra  ventura  personal.'' 

El  Presidente  Roosevelt  contest6  como  sigue: 

**Senor  Ministro:  Me  es  muy  grato  recibiros  como  Enviado 
Extraordinario  y  Ministro  Plenipotenciario  de  Costa  Rica  en  una 
Misi6n  Especial  k  los  Estados  Unidos,  sobre  todo  cuando  dicha  misi6n 
tiene  por  objeto  hacer  lo  que  est6  d  vuestro  alcance  para  obtener  una 
paz  duradera  y  verdadera  hermandad  entre  los  pueblos  de  la 
America  Central. 

**Aprecio  cumplidamente  vuestro  reconocimiento  de  la  parte  que 
este  Gobierno,  juntamente  con  el  de  Mexico,  se  ha  tornado  para  que  se 
efectde  la  conferencia  que  pronto  se  celebrarfi,  en  esta  ciudad,  y 
correspondo  cordialmente  d  los  parabienes  del  pueblo  y  Gobierno 
de  Costa  Rica  que  el  Presidente  VIquez  os  ha  supUcado  que  hagais 
presentes  al  pueblo  y  Gobierno  de  los  Estados  Unidos. 

**E1  mantenimiento  de  la  paz  y  la  prosperidad  entre  las  naciones  de 
la  America  Central,  asl  como  el  fomento  de  relaciones  aniistosas  y 
cortesia  de  vecindad  entre  ellas  y  este  pals,  siempre  han  sido  muy 
caras  para  el  pueblo  y  Gobierno  de  los  Estados  Unidos;  y  si  los 
trabajos  de  la  Conferencia  dan  por  rcsultado  contribuir  a  que  la 
realizacidn  de  tan  laudables  fines  sea  mds  cierta,  todos  tcndremos 
derecho  &  participar  de  la  gloria  de  un  hecho  de  ial  trasccndencia. 

*'Senor  Ministro,  conozco  vuestra  fama  asi  como  el  cclo  y  habilidad 
con  que  hab^is  servido  k  vuestro  pais,  y  cstoy  seguro  de  que  habeis  de 
desplegar  esas  mismas  cualidades  en  la  Conferencia  para  obtener  los 
nobles  fines  que  la  han  inspirado. 

En  conclusi6n,  os  ruego,  Senor  Ministro,  que  hagais  ^rci§>eTA.^  ^ 
Presidente  YfQUEZ  mis  fervientes  votos  por  su  WieueslaT  ^^x^oxi^r 


142       OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

CONTBATO  PAKA  EL  CULTIVO  DE  PLANTAS  FIBB08AS. 

El  dia  7  de  dicembre  de  1907  se  celebr6  un  contrato  entre  el  Go- 
bierno  de  la  Reptiblicade  Costa  Rica  y  los  Senores  Marcial  Peralta 
y  H.  E.  Bryant,  por  el  cual  fetos  se  obligan  &  foimiar  una  sociedad 
anonima  con  un  capital  de  $100,000  oro,  por  lo  menos,  y  que 
podr&  aumentarse  hasta  $500,000  oro.  El  objeto  de  la  sociedad  es 
el  cultivo  y  la  fabricaci6n  de  fibras  de  cualquier  especie  en  el  pais,  y 
estara,  por  consiguiente,  en  la  obligaci6n  de  sembrar  por  lo  menos 
500,000  de  plantas.  Un  aiio  despu^s  de  que  el  contrato  haya  sido 
aprobado  por  el  Poder  Legislativo  los  concesionarios  deberdn  esta- 
blecer  en  el  canton  del  Paralso  una  fdbrica  de  cordelerla,  alpargatas, 
sombreros,  telas,  sacos,  etc.  La  compafiia  deber4  manufacturar  en 
el  pais  toda  la  fibra  que  ella  6  los  particulares  produzcan,  y  venderi 
en  el  mismo  los  artlculos  que  fabricare.  El  Gobiemo  garantiza  & 
la  sociedad  un  6  por  ciento  anual  de  ganancia  sobre  el  capital  de 
$100,000,  con  tal  que  ^stos  se  hayan  invertido  en  la  compra  6  insta- 
laci6n  de  maquinas  y  en  la  siembra  de  las  fibras.  Los  concesionarios 
deberdn  liacer  un  deposito  de  $5,000  para  garantizar  el  cumpli- 
miento  de  las  condiciones  del  contrato. 

IMPOBTAGldN  DE  PETB(5LE0  GBX7D0. 

El  Gobierno  de  la  Repiiblica  de  Costa  Rica,  con  fecha  5  de  noviem- 
bre  de  1907,  celebro  un  contrato  con  la  ^*  United  Fruit  Company,'^ 
por  el  cual  esta  se  obliga  a  importar  petr61eo  crudo  de  Tejas  en  can- 
tidad  suficiente,  durante  el  termino  del  contrato,  para  satisfacer  el 
consumo  de  ese  articulo  en  el  pals.  La  empresa  se  obliga  &  vender 
el  petroleo  asi  importado  con  una  utilidad  no  mayor  de  10  por  ciento 
sobre  su  precio  de  costo.  La  importacion  de  petroleo  crudo  queda, 
durante  los  veinticinco  afios  que  durara  el  contrato,  libre  del  pago  de 
dercchos  de  aduana. 

CBEACldN  DE  JTJNTAS  DE  AGBIGULTTTBA. 

Con  el  fin  de  iinpulsar  el  dcsarroUo  de  la  agricultura  nacional,  ol 
Presidento  de  la  Ropilblica  de  Costa  Rica,  on  decreto  de  fecha  2  de 
diciembre  de  1907,  ha  dispuesto  la  creaci6n  de  juntas  de  agricultura  en 
todos  los  cantones,  con  excepcion  del  de  San  Jos6.  Estas  juntas 
estaran  coinpuestas  de  sicte  niiembros,  serdn  dependientes  de  la 
Sociedad  Xacional  de  Agricultura,  y  atenderan  al  fomento  y  desarroUo 
de  la  agricultura  en  sus  respectivos  cantones. 


OFICINA  INTKRNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.       143 


CUBA. 

GENSO  D£  liA  REPTJBLICA,  1907. 

Segdn  el  censo  levantado  en  1907,  el  informe  de  cuyo  resultado  fu6 
sometido  en  diciembre  al  Gobernador  Provisional  de  Cuba  por  el 
Director  General  del  Censo,  la  poblaci6n  de  la  Reptiblica  en  el  pre- 
sente  asciende  4  2,028,282,  que  se  distribuye  entre  las  distintas  pro- 
vincias  de  la  manera  siguiente,  dtodose  las  cifras  correspondientes  al 
censo  de  1899,  por  via  de  comparacion : 


]*rovincia8. 

1809. 

1907. 

Pinar  del  Rio 

173,082 
424, 811 
202,462 
356,537 
88,237 
327, 716 

240, 781 

lUbana , 

518,524 
239. 8C6 

Mftt«n»M*    .    

Santa  Clara 

457  897 

CainafCk>y 

117,432 

Oriente 

453  782 

Total 

1,572,845 

2,028,282 

liA  INMIGRACldN  DURANTE  EL  ASTO  FISCAL  DE  1906-7. 

Segiin  datos  que  acaba  de  publicar  la  Seccion  de  Estadistica  del 
Departamento  de  Hacienda  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Cuba,  el  ntimero  de 
inmigrantes  Uegados  k  los  puertos  de  aquella  isla  durante  el  ano  fiscal 
nle  1906-7,  asciepde  k  29,572,  de  los  cuales  23,831  son  varones  y  5,741 
hembras.  El  total  general  se  distribuye  del  modo  siguiente  entre  las 
^stintas  nacionalidades: 


Eepafioles 22.178 

Ingleses.- 2,  044 

!Norteamericano9 1,907 


Portorriquefios. . 
Otroe  antillanos. 

Sirios 

Franceses 

Turcori 

Italianoe 

Arabes* 


Sudamericanos... 

Mexiranas 

E.scandinavos 

Grieg08 

Austriacos 

!  Portugueses 

I  Indios  orientales. 
I  Holandeses 


707 
953 
294 
281 
2G4 

21^  j  Otras  nacioitalidades . 

182  I 


143 
132 
100 

81 
30 
20 
20 
25 
80 


Coraparando  el  total  general  con  el  del  ano  de  1905-6,  se  observa 
una  disminuci6n  de  23,080  individuos  en  contra  de  1906-7,  pues  cl 
de  aqu^l  ascendi6  4  52,652  inmigrantes. 


DI8P0SICI0NES    ADUANEBAS     SOBBE 

PEBDLDAS. 


LAS    MEBCANCfAS 


La  ''Gaceta  Oficial"  correspondientc  al  19  de  octubre  de  1907 
publica  una  circular  en  la  cual  se  hace  saber  que  los  derechos  do 
aduana  se  recaudar^n  (inicamente  sobre  las  mercancias  que  reahnente 
sean  importadas  y  que  se  descarguen  en  Cuba,  y  no  sobre  las  mer- 


144      OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICA8  AXERICAKAS. 

canclas  que  se  picrdan  durante  la  navegaci6n  6  en  los  alij  adores,  aun 
cuando  dichas  mercanclas  aparezcan  en  el  manifiesto  6  conocimiento. 
Se  revocan  todas  las  circulares  que  se  opongan  &  esta  disposici6n. 

Un  dccreto  reciente  del  Gobemador  Provisional  de  la  Reptiblica 
de  Cuba  destina  la  cantidad  de  $350,000  para  el  servicio  sanltario  de 
varios  municipios  y  para  la  adopcion  de  medidas  preventivas  contra 
la  fiebre  amarilla. 

BENT  AS  ADUANEBAS  DE  LA  HAS  AN  A  EN  1907. 

Segtin  cifras  publicadas  en  ^*La  Lucha"  de  la  Habana  del  2  de 
enero  de  1908,  las  rentas  aduaneras  que  se  recaudaron  en  el  puerto 
de  la  Habana  durante  el  afio  de  1907  ascendieron  d  la  cantidad  de 
$20,005,048.12,  en  comparaci6n  con  $18,511,296.07,  suma  percibida 
en  el  ano  de  1906. 


CHILE. 

BECEPCldN  DEL  MINISTBO  EN  LOS  ESTADOS  XTNTDGS. 

El  Sefior  Don  Axibal  Cnuz,  Enviado  Extraordinario  y  ^linistro 
Plenipotenciario  de  Chile  ante  el  Gobiemo  de  los  Estados  Unidos, 
fu6  recibido  con  tal  cardctor  por  el  Presidente  Roosevelt  el  dfa  16 
de  noviembre  de  1907.  Al  present ar  sus  credenciales,  el  Seiior  Cruz 
se  expreso  en  los  siguientes  t6rniinos: 

*^ExMO.  Senor  Presidente:  Tengo  la  lionra  de  poner  en  manos 
de  Yuestra  P^xcelencia  dos  cartas  aut6grafas  de  Su  Excelencia  el 
Presidente  de  la  Kepublica  do  Cliile.  Una  de  ellas  tiene  por  objeto 
poner  termino  (i  la  mision  que  desempefiaba  el  honorable  Seiior 
Walker-Martinez,  y  la  otra  acreditamie  en  el  cardcter  de  Enviado 
Extraordinario  y  Ministro  Plenipotenciario  ante  el  Gobiemo  de 
Yuestra  Excelencia. 

^'T^a  mision  que  mi  Gobiemo  me  ha  confiado  obedece  principal- 
mente  ul  proposito  de  estrechar  las  relaciones  que  felizmente  existen 
entre  los  Estados  T^nidbs  y  la  Repilblica  de  Chile.  Para  realizar  ese 
proposito,  que  constituye  el  mas  vivo  anhelo  del  pueblo  y  Gobiemo 
chih^nos,  abrij^o  la  esperanza  de  que  Yuestra  Excelencia  querrd  dis- 
pensarme  la  benevola  acojida  que  ha  concedido  a  mis  predocesores. 

^'lTa«:()  votos  nuiy  sinceros  en  nombre  de  mi  Gobiemo  y  en  el  mfo 
propio  por  la  felicidad  personal  de  ^^lestra  Hxcelencia  y  sus  colabo- 
radores  en  el  Gobierno  y  por  la  prosperidad  y  p*andeza  do  los  Estados 
I'nidos  do  America.'' 

El  Presidente  Koosevelt  contesto  como  si<riio: 

"Senor  Ministro:  Me  es  crrato  daros  la  bienvenida  como  el  nuevo 
Enviado  Extraordinario  y  Ministro  Plenipotenciario  de  la  Reptiblioa 
de  Chile  ante  este  Gobierno,  y  recibir  de  vuestros  manos  las  creden- 


CHILE.  145 

ciales  que  present4is  con  el  expresado  car&cter.  Tambi^n  acepto  la 
carta  por  virtud  de  la  cual  se  me  anuncia  el  retiro  de  vuestro  estiinado 
predecesor. 

**La  manifestacidn  de  vuestro  prop6sito  de  ayudar  &  fortalecer 
las  relaciones  amistosas  que  en  la  actualidad  cxisten  entre  los  Estados 
Unidos  de  America  y  la  Reptiblica  de  Chile,  me  proporciona  un  placer 
especial,  y  os  aseguro,  Sefior  Ministro,  que  me  alegrare  de  prestaros, 
por  todos  los  medios  k  mi  alcance,  mi  activa  ayuda  para  mantener 
y  perfeccionar  dichas  relaciones  amistosas. 

"Os  doy  las  gracias  por  vuestras  bondadosas  frases  acerca  de  mi 
persona,  y  os  ruego  que  teng&is  la  bondad  de  hacerle  presente  6.  Su 
Excelencia  el  Presidente  Montt  la  expresi6n  de  mis  vehementes 
deseos  por  la  felicidad  y  prosperidad  tanto  de  ^1  como  del  pueblo 
chileno.  Aprovechar6  la  primera  oportunidad  para  acusarle  recibo 
directamente  k  Su  Excelencia  el  Presidente  Montt  de  la  carta  de 
retiro  de  vuestro  predecesor. 

*'Espero  que  vuestra  estancia  en  esta  Capital  os  sea  tan  agradable 
como  estoy  seguro  de  que  ha  de  ser  satisfactoria  para  ambos  Gobiernos. " 

ENCOIOENDAS  POSTALES  INTERN ACION ALES,  1902-1906. 

Segtin  datos  oficiales  acabados  de  recibir  de  Chile,  el  desarrollo 
que  Jia  tenido  la  intemaci6n  de  encomiendas  ])ostales  durante  los 
cinco  alios  de  1902  d  1906  fu6  como  sigue: 


Valor  do  T,„r^„«.*« 

Alio.                                                              encomiendas  }Z^']^^}^ 

inteniadas.  l^'^^^'^'^^^o. 

Pesos.  Pesos. 

1902 mi,  381  135, 463 

1«S 839,742  118,1)02 

1904 803.  440  1 94, 752 

l«nft 877.809  I  300.421 

190r, 1. 112. 905  349, 803 


BBNTAS  ADUANEBAS  EN   LOS   PBIMEBOS  OOHO  Y  NUEVE  MESES 

DE   1907. 

Las  aduanas  de  la  Republica  de  Chile  recaudaron  durante  los  ocho 
primeros  meses  de  1907  una  renta  total  de  70,117,153.75  pesos,  en 
comparaci6n  con  la  cantidad  de  61,839,606.89  pesos  porcibidos  en  cl 
mismo  periodo  de  1906,  siendo  el  aumento,  por  lo  tanto,  de  8,277,- 
456.86  pesos.  La  recaudaci6n  del  mes  de  aiz:osto  de  1907  ascendio 
&  9,082,241.81  pesos,  en  comparacion  con  6,782,166.82  pesos  en  el 
mismo  mes  del  ano  1906. 

Durante  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907  la  renta  rocaudada 
fu6  de  78,371,977.96  pesos,  contra  la  de  68,963,529.72  i)esos  co- 
rrespondiente  al  mismo  periodo  de  1906,  6  sea  un  aumonto  de 
9,408,448.24  pesos.  En  el  mes  de  septiembre  de  1907  sc  recaudo 
una  renta  de  8,254,824.21  pesos,  en  comparacion  con  la  suma  de 
7,123,832.83  pesos  percibida  en  el  mismo  mes  de  1906. 


146      OFICIXA  INTERN  ACIONAL  D£  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS. 
PKIMA  FOB  liA  EXPOBTACIdN  DEL  UNO. 

EI  President e  de  la  Repilblica  de  Cliile,  con  fecha  25  de  octubre 
de  1907,  present6  al  Congreso  Xacional  un  proyecto  de  lev  tendente 
&  la  protecci6n  de  la  industria  del  lino  y  cuya  parte  dispositiva  es 
como  sigue: 

*'Articulo  uxico.  Se  autoriza  al  Presidente  de  la  Reptiblica 
para  pagar  una  prima  por  quintal  m^trico  de  lino  producido  y  ela- 
borado  en  el  pais  que  se  exporte  por  las  aduanas  de  Talcahuano, 
Valdivia,  Puerto  Montt  y  Ancud. 

**Esta  prima  regira  por  el  t^rmino  de  doce  afios  y  ser&,  durante 
los  seis  primeros  afios,  de  10  pesos  de  18  peniques  por  quintal  m^trico 
de  lino  tascado,  y  de  16  pesos  de  18  peniques  por  quintal  m^trico 
de  lino  espadillado,  y  durante  los  seis  afios  restantes  de  6  y  de  8  pesos 
de  IS  peniques,  respect ivamente,  por  quintal  de  lino  tascado  y  espa- 
dillado. 

**E1  monto  total  de  las  primas  no  podra  exceder  de  la  suma  de 
100,000  pesos  al  afio  en  los  cuatro  primeros  afios  de  la  vigencia  de 
esta  ley,  de  150,000  pesos  por  afio  en  los  cuatro  siguientes,y  de  200,000 
pesos  por  afio  en  los  restantes. 

**Los  que  reclamen  el  beneiicio  de  esta  ley  deber&n  someterse  & 
las  condiciones  que  fijo  el  Presidente  de  la  Republica." 

COLOCACldN  DEL  EMPBJ^STIGO  DE  £1,100,000. 

El  16  de  septiembre  de  1907,  el  Gobierno  de  Chile,  representado 
por  su  Ministro  Plenipotenciario  en  Londres,  celebr6  un  contrato 
con  lo*^  Sofiorcs  X.  M.  Kotschild  and  Sons  para  la  colocaci6n  del 
einpre<lito  de  £1,100,000.  quo  seran  eniitidos  en  vales  del  tesoro 
pagaderos  en  la  casa  bancaria  de  dichos  sefiores,  en  Londres,  el  24 
de  niarzo  de  1909. 


ECUADOR. 

EXPOSICldN  NAGIONAL  DE  1909. 

Con  fecha  :^1  <le  octubre  <le  1907.  cl  Kjecutivo  de  la  Repilblica  del 
Ecuador  dicto  cl  (kTrcto  cuyo  tcxto  se  puhllca  a  continuaci6n,  relative 
ii  la  colehracion  <le  una  cxposicion  nacional  en  Quito  en  el  afio  1909: 

"Eloy  Alkako,  Presidente  Const itucional  ile  la  Reptiblica,  con- 
si(l(*ran<l()  (pie  el  Conj?iest)  de  1902  disiniso  en  su  decreto  de  10  de 
octuhn*,  que  se  cclcbrara  una  cxposicion  naciimal,  en  la  capital  tie  la 
Kepi'ihlica,  cl  10  dc  a^^osto  del  afio  vcnich^ro  de  1909,  centenario  pri- 
nicro  del  jmnicr  grito  Ao  in<lepen(UMicia  <h^  la  America,  dado  en  Quito 
el  10  de  acrosto  de  1S09,  y  (pic  nada  nuis  diirno  y  provechoso  que  con- 
inemorar  tan  magno  y  ^lorioso  aconteciniiento,  con  el  concuiso  de 


ECUADOR.  147 

tcKlas  las  fuerzas  de  actividad  de  los  pueblos  de  la  Reptiblica,  en  la 
labor  civilizadora  de  su  propio  progreso  y  engrandecimiento,  decreta: 

'*Abt.  1^  Prepirese,  desde  ahora,  por  el  Supremo  Gobierno,  las 
autoridades  todas  y  los  pueblos  de  la  Reptiblica,  una  exposici6n  na- 
cional  que  se  instalard  en  Quito  y  se  abrird  el  dia  10  de  agosto  de  1909. 

**Abt.  2**.  El  Gobierno  del  Ecuador  construirA  por  su  cuenta,  y  en 
el  lugar  conveniente  del  ejido  de  la  ciudad  de  Quito,  el  gran  edificio  6 
pabell6n  nacional  de  la  exposici6n,  y  los  edificios  secundarios,  galerlas 
establas,  pesebres,  etc.,  destinados  &  la  exliibicion  de  animales. 

"Art.  3°.  El  Gobierno  costeard  el  trasporte,  &  la  capital  de  la  Re- 
ptiblica desde  la  capital  de  cada  Provincia,  de  los  objetos  de  exhibici6n. 

"Art.  4**.  El  concejo  municipal  de  la  ciudad  de  Quito,  por  si,  y  con 
la  cooperaci6n  efectiva  y  eficaz  del  vecindario,  propenderd,  desde 
ahora,  y  en  la  medida  de  lo  posible,  al  embellecimiento,  aseo,  y  sanea- 
miento  de  esta  capital,  y  emprenderd,  desde  ahora  tambi^n,  en  la  plan- 
taci6n  de  una  gran  alameda  que,  partiendo  de  la  calle  pr6xima  respec- 
tiva,  siga  por  una  y  otro  lado  del  gran  Parque  Nacional,  y  converja 
hacia  la  carretera  del  norte,  &  las  orillas  del  cual  camino  ptiblico 
continard  la  dicha  alameda  hasta  Cotocollao.  Esta  alameda  serd 
plantada  con  drboles  adultos  de  una  especie  conveniente. 

"Art.  5**.  Para  la  direcci6n  de  los  trabajos  y  labores  preparato- 
rios,  organizaci6n  y  reglamentaci6n  general  y  especial  de  la  exposi- 
cion  nacional,  recepci6n  y  clasificacidn  de  objetos,  etc.,  se  consti- 
tuye  un  comity  central  en  la  capital  de  la  Reptiblica,  compuesto  de 
treinta  ciudadanos  notables,  residentes  en  Quito,  que  tendrdn  la 
representaci6n  de  todas  las  provincias  de  la  Republica,  dos  por  cada 
una  de  fetas. 

"Los  miembros  principales  de  este  comity  y  los  sustitutos  6  suplen- 
tes  serdn  nombrados  por  el  Gobierno,  quien  elegird  de  entre  los 
mismos  de  la  junta  directiva. 

"El  comity  central  funcionara  siempre  bajo  la  presidcncia  y  de- 
pendencia  inmediatas  del  Ministro  de  lo  Interior  y  Obras  Ptjblicas, 
y  con  sujeci6n  &  los  reglamentos  oficiales  de  la  materia  que  expida 
el  Ministro  del  Ramo. 

"El  comity  central  nombrara  en  junta  general  sus  coniisiones 
especiales  de  organizaci6n,  trabajo,  etc. 

"Art.  6**.  Cada  provincia  constituira  su  comite  local  delegado 
Ha  y  Hijbordinado  al  comity  central.  Son  miembros  natos  de  los 
eomiUk  provinciales:  El  Gobernador  de  la  provincia  respectiva;  el 
presidenie  y  dos  miembros  delegados  del  concejo  municipal  del  canton 
cabecera  de  In  provincia,  un  delegado  por  cada  uno  de  los  otros  con- 
C4!>jcifi  CRntonfllpft-  y  dos  miembros  delegados  por  cada  camara  de  las 
fJo  Bgricultura,  comercio  6  industria  si  las  hubiere.  Cada  comite 
proviitdnl,  consiitufdo  con  sus  miembros  natos,  nombrara,  en 

juniii  prepi  a,  el  ntimero  de  las  pei-sonas  notables  de  la  ^loxmcv^ 


148       OFICINA  I]ST£RNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLIGAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

6  del  lugar  que  sean  necesarias  para  completar  15  niiembros,  de  que 
debe  constar.  Los  comitfe  provinciales  har4n  su  reglamento  interior 
y  de  trabajo  y  nombraran  sus  juntas  directivas  y  sus  comisiones 
especiales. 

''Art.  8**.  Los  concejos  municipales  de  cada  Provincia  votarfin, 
desdc  aliora,  las  sumas  de  dinero  con  las  cuales  tienen  de  contribuir 
&  los  gastos  de  coleccion,  clasificaci6n,  empaque,  etc.,  de  los  objetos, 
productos,  obras,  etc.,  que  liaya  de  exhibir  la  provincia  resi)ectiva, 
y  del  costo  de  su  respectivo  pabell6n  que  se  construirfi  en  el  drea  de 
terreno  del  campo  de  la  cxposici6n,  que  designe  el  Gobiemo. 

''Art.  9*^.  Son  objcto  de  la  exposici6n  nacional:  Las  plantas, 
frutos,  maderas,  animales,  mineralcs  y  demas  productos  naturales 
.  del  suelo  y  de  las  aguas  nacionalcs;  los  obtenidos  6  mejorados  per 
el  cultivo  u  otro  trabajo  de  la  inteligencia  y  la  mano  del  hombre; 
los  objetos  6  productos  del  comercio,  de  la  industria,  de  las  artcs 
generalcs  y  las  bellas  artes  nacionalcs,  y,  en  fin,  todo  objeto  fl  obra 
material  fruto  del  trabajo  de  los  ciudadanos  en  el  territorio  de  la 
Reptiblica. 

"^Vrt.  10.  Convocasc,  desde  ahora,  a  fin  de  que  preparen  opor- 
tunamente  sus  labores,  para  que  concurran  &  ese  gran  certamen 
nacional,  a  los  agricultores,  comcrciantes  6  industriales,  a  los  ciu- 
dadanos ([ue  profesen  6  cultiven  ciencias  especulativas  6  de  aplica- 
cion,  jurisconsultos,  cstadistas,  abogados,  medicos,  farmac6uticos, 
higicnistas,  bactereologistas,  naturalistas,  quimicos,  fisicos,  astr6no- 
mos,  cosniografos,  nietcreologistas,  geografos,  marinos,  ingenieros, 
agrinicnsores,  mccanicos,  etc.;  a  los  que  profesen  6  cultiven  las 
bellas  artcs,  6  cjcrzan  6  cnscncn  artes  y  oficios  liberales,  y  &  todo 
aquel  ((ue  rcprescnte  una  6  mas  fuerzas  efectivas  del  trabajo 
nacional,  on  todas  las  manifcstacioncs  litiles  de  la  actividad  humana. 

''Art.  11 .  So  convoca  espccialmente  ii  que  concurran  &  la  exposici6n 
nacional  con  sus  luces  v  sus  obras: 

"(a)  A  los  (lircctorcs  do  instruccion  publica;  a  los  pedagogos  pro- 
fesionalcs  normalistasyde  ensefianzaprimaria.ya  losmaestrosymaes- 
tras  (Ic  las  cscuclas  publicas  que  a  la  diclui  eiiscnanza  se  dediquen;  y 

"(?/)  A  los  agricultores,  en  todas  y  en  cada  una  de  las  espeeialidades 
del  ramo,  porquc  sicndo  la  agricultura  fuentc  positiva,  fecunda6  inago- 
tal)le  de  la  ri(iucza,  i)rospcrida(l  c  independencia  del  hombre  y  <le 
los  pueblos,  y  origcn  prinicro  del  comercio  y  de  la  industria,  y  esencial- 
mcnte  agricola  la  nacion  ecuatoriaua,  cs  un  deber  de  los  poderas  pu- 
blicas y  del  pueblo  mismo  protcgcr,  fomentar  y  darla  el  mayor  desa- 
rroUo  posiblc  a  la  agricultura  nacional.  Por  consiguiente,  merocenin 
prefercnte  atencion  do  parte  del  Gobierno  y  de  las  comisincs  oficiales 
y  tribunales  de  la  exposicion  nacional,  el  cstuilio  de  las  objas,  frutos, 
productos,  informes,  mclodos  y  sistemas  que,  ilirecta  6  indirccta- 
mentc,  se  relacionen  con  la  agricultura  en  ese  gran  certamen  del 
tnihnjn  nacioiuiL 


ECUADOB.  149 

"  Abt.  12.  Son  tambi^n  objeto  de  exliibici6n  y  concurso  de  la  expo- 
sici6n  nacional  las  obras  literarias  preceptivas,  de  informaci6n,  descrip- 
tivas,  t^cnicas  6  de  estadlstica,  etc.,  que  se  refieran  al  adelanto 
intelectual  de  nuestro  pueblos  y  al  progreso  6  ilustraci6n  del  trabajo,  y 
que  se  sujeten  &  los  siguientes  temas: 

^' (a)  M^todos  modernos  de  enseiianza  primaria:  Textos;  lecciones 
de  cosas;  trabajos  manuales;  cultura  fisica;  cducacion  individual  y 
colectiva;  higiene  escolar;  escuelas  primarias  superores;  escuelas 
normales. 

(6)  *'  Estudio  de  los  bosques  y  selvas  nacionales :  Desmontes ;  cultivo 
y  conservaci6n  del  Arbol;  maderas  de  tinte,  de  ebanisteria,  de  cons- 
trucci6n  naval,  lurbana  y  rural;  estudio  de  los  terrenos  6,ridos,  labo- 
rablesy  depansembrar;  zonas  agricolas  de  la  Reptiblica,  su  clima  y 
meteorologia  especiales ;  canalizaci6n,  desague  y  desecacion  de  terre- 
nos agricolas;  arados,  inigaci6n  natural  y  artificial,  podas,  rosas  y 
abonos;  sombra  y  ventilaci6n  de  terrenos  y  plantios;.  m^todos  de 
siembra  y  cultivo  6  ingertos;  florescencia,  fructificacion  y  cosecha; 
estudio  especial  del  cultivo  del  cacao,  caucho,  caf6,  quinas,  etc.; 
beneficio  del  caf6  para  la  exportacion  en  pcrgamino;  m^todos  para 
despulpar,  fermentaci6n,  lavado,  desecaci6n  al  sol;  aplicaci6n  del 
cultivo  &  la  menor  plantaci6n,  con  mayor  y  mas  rico  fruto  de  estas 
especies  vegetales;  aclimataci6n  y  cultivo  de  nuevas  especies  vegetal es 
utiles  en  los  terrenos  nacionales;  consumo  interior,  exportacion  y 
m^lodos  de  exportaci6n  de  productos  agricolas;  cultivo  de  la  cafia 
de  aziicar;  grado  de  la  caiia  de  azticar  en  las  diversas  zonas  agricolas 
de  la  Reptiblica;  cultivo  de  la  remolacha;  fabricacion  de  aziicar  de 
cafta  y  de  remolacha;  cultivo  de  uva,  cepas  y  vides,  semillas  de  uva; 
vinificaci6n;  fabricacion  y  conservacion  de  vinos  tintos;  fabricacion 
de  alcoholes  de  cana  y  de  uva;  alcohometria  de  vinos  y  alcoliolos; 
desinfecci6n  y  rectificaci6n  de  alcoholes;  gramos,  rizomas,  tubercules, 
legumbres,  hortalizas,  etc.,  y  demas  vegetales  alimenticios;  cultivo 
sistem^tico  de  trigo,  cebada,  avena  y  lilpulo;  fal)ricaci6n  de  harinas 
y  polvos  de  trigo,  cebada,  lentejas  y  avena;  fabricacion  de  cerveza; 
cultivo  sistem&tico  dela  manzana  en  sus  inojores  especies;  fabrica- 
ci6n  de  cidra;  acacias  titiles;  algarrobo,  tamarindo,  cafia-flstola,  etc.; 
plantas  textiles  y  de  fibra,  su  cultivo,  beneficio,  laboreo  y  manafac- 
tura;  cultivo  sistemdtico  del  banano  (platano);  especies  ilnas  de  con- 
sumo y  de  exportacion;  m6todos  de  exportacion  de  este  fruto  y 
lugares  hacia  donde  puede  dirigirse  aquella;  cultivo  sistematico  del 
algod6n;  semillas  y  especies  finas  de  esta  planta;  terrenos  a  proposito 
para  su  cultivo  en  el  litoral  y  en  el  interior  de  la  Kepublica;  produc- 
cion  nacional  del  algod6n,  su  consumo  interior  y  sus  aplicacionos 
industriales;  tejidos  de  algod6n  nacionales;  consumo  interior  de  est os 
tejidos;  fabricaci6n  de  aceite  de  algodon  y  sus  aphcaciones  indus- 
triales, cultivo  sistem4tico  del  cocotero,  las  mejores  especies  v>wvy.w^vs^ 


150       OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LA8  BEP^LICAS  AMEBIGANAS. 

de  esta  palmera;  consume  y  exportaci6n  del  coco;  fabricaci6n 
de  aceite  de  coco  y  sus  aplicaciones  industriales;  cultivo  siste- 
mdtico  del  tabaco;  semillas  de  especies  finas  y  su  acliinataci6n  en 
los  terrenes  nacionales;  titulo  de  nicotina  del  tabaco  nacional; 
cosechas,  beneficio  y  manufactura  del  tabaco  nacional;  su  pro- 
ducci6n,  consume  y  exportaci6n  en  rama  y  manufacturado, 
recolecci6n  metodica  y  sistemdtica  de  la  tagua,  sus  mejores  especies; 
exportacion  y  pruebas  de  manufactura  nacional  de  botones  y  otros 
objetos  cemerciales  de  tagua;  paja  tequilla;  especies  dtiles;  cultivo 
sistem^tico,  cesecha,  beneficio  y  conservaci6n  de  esta  paja;  exporta- 
ci6n;  contrabando;  manufactura,  exportaci6n  de  sombreros  de  paja 
tequilla;  los  sombreros  de  paja  tequilla  de  Manabi,  del  cant6n  de 
Santa  Elena  y  de  Azogues  en  los  mercados  extranjeros;  paja  mocora, 
su  cultivo  y  cesecha;  fabricaci6n  de  hamacas  de  paja  mocora  natural 
6  torcida;  exportaci6n  de  hamacas  y  de  la  materia  prima;  cultivo 
sistemdtico  de  la  ceiba  de  lana;  cesecha,  consume  interior  y  exporta- 
cion, industria  do  esta  lana  vegetal;  pastes  y  ferrajes;  gramineas, 
tr6boles,  henes,  berragindceas,  alfalfas,  etc.;  plantaciones  y  cultivo 
sistomritice  del  eucalipto  en  la  costa  de  la  Reptiblica;  especies  &  pro- 
p6sito  para  diche  cultivo ;  especies  patrenes  de  eucalipto  para  inger- 
tes;  aplicaciones  cemerciales  e  industriales  de  la  madera  de  eucalipto; 
cultivo  sistematice,  mejeramiento  6  ingertes  de  frutas  y  flores;  expor- 
taci6n  do  frutas;  orquldeas  y  plantas  de  follaje  para  parques  y  jar- 
dines;  exportacion  de  plantas;  censervaci6n  de  frutas,  cristalizadas 
y  en  jugo;  debesas  on  general;  jardinos  bot&nicos;  plantas  medici- 
nalos;  cultivo  sistematice  de  la  vainilla  aromdtica,  de  la  canela  de 
Coilan  y  do  la  kola  de  Africa;  patelogfa  vegetal  ysu  aplicaci6n  &  la 
agricultura  nacional. 

*'  (c)  Aclimatacion  on  los  lugaros  cenvoniontes  del  territorio  de  la 
Ropublica,  dol  gusane  de  soda;  cendicienos  del  clima,  en  cuanto  & 
tomperatura,  humodad  y  limpioza  do  la  atmosfora,  y  salubridad  del 
suolo  para  la  aclimatacion  y  cultivo  dol  gusano  de  soda;  cultivo  de 
la  inorora,  dol  palnia-cristi,  d^*l  molecotonors,  dol  laurel  rosa  y  de 
otras  phmtas  ospocialos  i)ara  la  cria  y  cultivo  dol  gusano  de  soda; 
ospocios  princii)alos  do  osto  gusano,  las  do  China,  Jap6n,  India,  Mada- 
gascjir,  Francia,  Italia,  Espana,  Argol,  Hungria,  Estados  Unidos  de 
Aniorica,  Brasil  y  Uruguay;  onformodados  dol  gusano  de  seda  en  las 
divorsas  motamorfosis  do  osto  animal;  los  ostudios  de  Pasteur  y  otros 
a  osto  rospocto;  higiono  do  la  crlay  cultivo  dol  gusano  do  seda;  ostudio 
dol  capullo,  acorca  do  su  mayor  d(»sarrollo  y  c(mservaci6n ;  cosocha, 
boni^ficio,  otc,  y  aplicacion  industrial  do  la  soda;  seda  artificial. 

'*  (d)  Crla  do  gana<lo  vacuno  y  cabrio:  Soloccion  de  razas  y  especies 
suporioros;  cnizamionto  y  mojoramionte  individual  y  colectivo  do 
ostos  animalos;  cultivo  dol  color;  crla  do  rocontales,  temeros  y  bece- 
rros;  ceba  y  lechoria,  razas  y  ospocios  apropiadas  para  una  y  otra; 


ECUADOR.  151 

m^todos  racionales  para  ordeilar  y  sacrificar;  tuberculosis  bovina; 
establos,  corrales,  pastos,  forrages  y  abrevaderos;  razas  superiores  de 
bueyes  de  trabajo;  aplicaciones  industriales  y  beneficioy  preparaci6n 
de  cueros  y  astas;  tenerlas;  suelas,  baquetas  y  cueros  curtidos  para 
uso  industrial;  zapateria  y  talabarteria;  preparaci6n  de  pieles. 

**  (e)  Cria  de  ganado  lanar:  Las  me j  ores  razas  productoras  de  lana 
de  estos  animales;  el  camero  merino;  cria  especial  de  esta  especie^ 
lanar ;  razas  superiores  de  cameros  para  ceba  y  lana ;  terrenos  fi,  pro- 
p6sito  en  el  litoral  y  en  el  interior  de  la  Repiiblica  para  la  cria  siste- 
m4tica  de  estos  animales,  su  alimentaci6n  especial,  pastos  y  abreva- 
deros; erf  a  sistem&tica  y  aclimataci6n  en  el  territorio  de  la  Repfiblica- 
del  ganado  lanar  indigena  de  Sud  America,  llamas,  vicuilas,  guanacos,. 
etc.;  aplicaciones  industriales  de  la  lana  animal;  tejidos  y  otras^^ 
manufacturas  de  lana  nacionales,  producci6n  y  consumo  de  la  lana 
nacional;  fabricaci6n  de  lanolina. 

**  (/)  Crfa  de  ganado  caballar :  Razas  superiores,  nacionales  y  extran- 
jeras;  cruzamiento  y  mehoramiento  individual  y  colectivo  de  estos 
animales ;  las  mejores  especies  de  caballos  para  tiro,  trabajos  agi-icolas 
6  industriales  y  montura;  cria  racional  del  potro,  y  m^todos  racio- 
nales de  selecci6n,  quebrantamiento  y  educaci6n;  pastos,  forrajes^ 
dehesas  y  abrevaderos ;  asnos,  razas  superiores ;  cruzamiento  y  espe- 
cies hibridas;  mulos  nacionales  y  extranjeros. 

*'(jr)  Cria  de  cerdos:  Razas  superiores  nacionales  y  extranjeras; 
selecci6n  y  cruzamiento;  ceba,  dehesas  y  abrevaderos;  alimentaci6n 
especial;  fabricaci6n  sistem^tica  de  la  mantcca  de  cerdo;  patr6n 
en  oleina,  etc.,  de  la  manteca  de  cerdo  legitima;  falsificaciones  y 
adulteraciones;  cisticercos  y  triquinas. 

*'  (A)  Cultivo  de  la  abeja:  La  abeja  silvestre;  colmenas  y  placeres; 
mieles  y  ceras  de  abeja;  m^todos  especiales  para  cultivar  la  abeja 
en  la  costa  y  preservarla  de  los  insectos  daninos. 

'*(i)  Cria  sistem&tica  de  aves  domfeticas:  Razas  y  especies  supe- 
riore-s;  cruzamiento;  alimentaci6n;  incubaci6n  artificial. 

'*  (j)  Cria  sistem&tica  de  perros:  Razas  superiores  litiles  en  la  agri- 
cultura  y  la  caza. 

"(k)  Cria  sistem&tica  del  gato:  Razas  superiores  utiles;  extirpa- 
ci6n  de  ratas  y  serpientes;  veterinaria  general;  jardines  zoologicos. 

'*(Z)  La  caza  de  aves:  Conservaci6n  de  las  garzas  blancas  y  otras 
aves  de  plumas  ricas;  exportaci6n  de  plumas. 

"(m)  La  pesca  en  los  rios,  lagos  y  mares  nacionales:  M^todos 
racionales  de  pesca  en  lagos,  rios  y  mares;  especies  de  peces,  maricosy. 
crust4ceos  y  moluscos,  en  las  aguas  nacionales.  iQu6  especies 
nuevas  pueden  aclimatarse  en  las  aguas  nacionales?  La  pesca  del 
bacalao,  del  lobo  marino  y  del  gal&pago  en  el  Archipi^lago  de  Colon; 
conservaci6n  de  estas  especies  y  de  la  tortuga  de  carey,  en  nuestras 
costas;  conservaci6n  y  fomento  de  los  bancos  y  criaderos  de  o^U^% 
24181— Bun.  1—08 11 


152       OFICINA  IITTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPtJBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

nacionalcs-  ^Puede  aclimatarse  el  salm6n  en  la  costa  ecuatoriana 
por  donde  pasa  la  corriente  polar? 

'^  (n)  Pesquerla  de  pcrlas  en  los  mares  nacionales. 

'^(n)  Pianos  y  mapas  de  las  salinas  nacionales:  An&lisis  quimico, 
cualitativo  y  cuantitativo  de  la  sal  marina  nacional;  su  titulo  en 
cloniro  de  sodio  puro;  m^todos  modemos  de  depuraci6n;  cristaliza- 
ci6n  y  refinerla,  y  formas  apropiadas  para  el  expendio  y  exportaci6n 
de  la  sal  marina  nacional. 

"(o)  Minerla  nacional:  M6todos  de  exploraci6n  y  de  explotaci6n; 
oro,  plata,  cobre,  estailo,  mercurio  vivo,  cinabrio,  hierro,  etc.,  hullas, 
esquistos  y  petroleos. 

"(p)  Petrografia  nacional:  Piedras  preciosas;  m4rmoles  y  alabas- 
tros;  granitos  de  construcci6n  y  de  estatuaria;  lavas  volc4nicas  apro- 
piadas para  construccion  y  otros  iisos  industriales;  piedras  areniscas 
y  piedrapome/. 

"  (g)  Fuentes  de  fuerza  motriz  para  la  locomoci6n  y  el  trabajo. 

*'  (r)  Conservaci6n  de  las  vias  fluviales,  rios,  esteros,  etc. 

*'(s)  Ferrocarriles  nacionales:  Carre teras  y  caminos  vecinales; 
rutas  nuevas  interprovinciales,  entre  en  interior  y  la  costa  y  entre  en 
centro  y  el  oriente  de  la  Reptiblica;  vlas  de  comimicaci6n  inter- 
nacionales;  tel^grafos  terrestres  y  maritimos;  teldfonos  y  telegrafia 
inalambrica;  tranvias  y  ferrocarriles  el^ctricos. 

"  (0  Industrias  nuevas:  Saneamiento  y  provisi6n  de  agua  potable; 
aguas  artesianas  y  agiias  corrientes. 

^^Art.  13.  Los  trabajos  litcrarios  sobre  agricultura,  comercio, 
industria,  ciencias,  artes,  etc.,  merecerdn  la  misma  atenci6n  que  los 
prodiictos,  fnitos,  objetos,  etc.,  exhibidos,  y  tendrto  premios  y  recom- 
pensas,  segiin  su  mcrito,  y  atin  scran  adoptados  por  el  Gobiemo  para 
nuestra  Icgislacion  interna  en  cuanto  fuesen  utiles  para  ello. 

^SVrt.  14.  Las  naciones  amigas  que  quisieran  concurrir4  laExpo- 
sicion  Nacional  del  10  de  agosto  de  1909,  seran  gratamente  aceptadas 
por  el  Gobiemo  y  pueblo  ecuatorianos  en  ese  cert  amen,  y  ya  sea  que 
construyan  6  no  cdificios  propios  en  el  canipo  de  la  Exposici6n,  las 
obras,  objetos,  frutos,  artefactos,  etc.,  (jue  enviaren  ser6n  eonre- 
nientemcnte  exhibidos. 

''Art.  15.  Conv6case,  desde  ahora,  a  un  Concurso  Literario  Inter- 
nacional  Panamericano,  on  cualc|uiera  do  las  lenguas  nacionales  del 
continente,  y  en  prosa,  para  la  Exposicion  Nacional  del  10  de  agosto 
de  1909,  cuyo  tenia  sera:  *La  ^Vin6rica  independiente  paralahuma- 
nidad  libre.  Estudio  general  historico,  geografico,  topogr&fico,  natu- 
ral, politico,  6tiiico,  coniercial,  agricola,  industrial,  de  navegaci6n 
y  vias  de  coniunicacion  internas,  del  continente  amerieano,  en 
relacion  con  el  progreso  y  civilizacion  modemos  y  con  el  movimiento 
inmigratorio  a  este  continente  de  las  razas  humanas  superiores.' 

'^El  comite  de  caiificacion  del  concurso  intemacional  seri  nom- 
brado  y  prosidido  pov  el  Ministro  de  Relaciones  Exteriores. 


ESTADOS   UNIDOS.  153 

"Art.  16.  Los  trabajos  literarios  destinados  ^  este  concurso  serdn 
enviados  al  secretario  del  'Comity  del  Concurso  Internacional  Pan- 
americano/  en  la  ciudad  de  Quito,  Ecuador,  Sud  America,  y  en  tiempo 
oportuno  para  que  Ueguen  4  su  destino  antes  del  31  de  mayo  de  1909, 
dia  en  el  cual  se  cerrard  el  dicho  concurso. 

**Art.  17.  Los  nombres  de  los  autores  de  las  composiciones  serto 
enviados  bajo  sobre  aparte,  en  cuyo  sobre  escrito  se  lea  el  pseud6niino, 
la  leyenda  6  contrasena  que  vaya  al  pie  de  la  coinposici6n  respectiva, 
como  es  de  regla  y  uso. 

**Art.  18.  La  proclamaci6n  de  los  premios  6  recompensas  del  *  Con- 
curso Literario  Internacional,'  tendr^  lugar,  en  acto  solemne,  el  dia 
de  la  inauguraci6n  de  la  exposici6n  nacional  del  10  de  agosto  de  1909. 

"Art.  19.  El  Gobiemo  de  Ecuador  votard  la  suma  de  10,000  sucres 
para  la  adjudicaci6n  de  premios  6  recompensas  pecuniarias  para  las 
comi>osiciones  de  mayor  m^rito  del  concurso  en  el  orden  siguiente: 
Cinco  mil  sucres  para  le  mejor;  3,000  sucres  para  la  que  le  siga  en 
m^rito,  y  2,000  sucres  para  la  inmediatamente  inferior.  El  Gobierno 
del  Ecuador  hard  imprimir  por  su  cuenta,  en  la  Imprenta  Nacional, 
una  edici6n  especial  de  cada  una  de  las  composiciones  premiadas. 

*'Art.  20.  El  Gobiemo  del  Ecuador  expedir^  con  oportunidad  los 
reglamentos  necesarios  para  el  mejor  6xito  de  la  exposici6n,  y  espe- 
cialmente  el  de  premios,  recompensas,  menciones  honrosas,  diplomas, 
etc.,  destinados  &  los  objetos,  frutos,  obras  materiales  y  literarias,  etc., 
materia  de  la  exposici6n  nacional  del  10  de  agosto  de  1909. 

"^Vrt.  21.  Los  Sefiores  Ministros  Secretarios  de  Estado  quedan 
encargados  de  la  ejecuci6n  del  presente  decreto. 


ESTADOS  UNIDOS. 

COMEBOIO  CON  LA  AHIE&BICA  LATINA. 
IMPORT ACIONES  Y  EXPORT ACIOXES. 

'En  la  p&gina  101  aparece  la  dltima  relacion  en  dctalle  del  comercio 
entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  America  Latina,  tomada  de  la  compila- 
ci6n  hecha  por  laOficina  de  Estadistica  del  Departamento  de  Comercio 
y  Trabajo  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  Estos  datos  se  rcfieren  al  valor 
del  comercio  arriba  mencionado.  La  estadistica  coresponde  al  nics 
de  noviembre  de  1907,  comparada  con  la  del  mcs  correspondientc  del 
ano  anterior,  y  tambifin  comprende  los  datos  referentos  a  los  once 
meses  que  terminaron  en  noviembre  de  1907,  comparados  con  igual 
periodo  de  1906.  Debe  explicarse  que  las  estadisticas  de  las  impor- 
taciones  y  exportaciones  de  las  diversas  aduanas  referentos  a  un  mos 
cualquiera  no  se  reciben  en  el  Departamento  de  Comercio  y  Trabajo 
hasta  el  20  del  mes  siguiente,  nec^^sitAndose  algiin  tiempo  para  su 
compilaci6n  6  impresi6n;  desuerte  que  los  datos  estadlsticos  corres- 
pondientes  al  mes  de  noviembre,  por  ejemplo,  no  se  publican  Uasta. 
enero« 


154       OFICINA  INTERN ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 
LAS  EXPOBTACIOKES  DE  ABXf CULOS  DE  GOMA. 

Las  cifras  que  muestran  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  articulos 
de  goma  de  los  Estados  Unidos  arrojan  un  total  de  $6,214,910  en  el 
ailo  econ6mico  que  termin6  el  30  de  junio  de  1907,  en  comparaci6n 
con  $5,692,385  en  los  doce  meses  anteriores. 

La  distribuci6n  de  dichas  exportaciones  fu6  como  sigue:  A  Europa 
se  enviaron  articulos  por  valor  de  $2,956,184;  &  la  Am6rica  del  Norte, 
$2,070,255;  d  la  America  del  Sur,  $251,832;  Asia,  $359,418;  Oceania, 
$435,478,  y  Africa,  $141,743. 

Excepci6n  hecha  del  Canada,  que  le  compr6  a  los  Estados  Unidos 
articulos  de  goma  cuyo  valor  ascendi6  &  $1,046,659,  M6xico  fu6  el 
primer  pais  importador  de  esta  clase  de  mercancias  en  America,  per 
cuanto  el  valor  total  de  sus  compras  ascendi6  &  $556,801.  Las 
cifras  que  se  han  anunciado  acerca  del  Reino  Unido  son  las  tlnicas 
que  exceden  a  las  dos  ya  citadas,  y  ascienden  &  $1,644,516. 


GUATEMALA. 

CONDICIONES  ECONdMICAS. 

El  Sefior  Victor  Aguilar  Pelaez,  C6nsul  de  la  Reptiblica  de 
Guatemala  en  Liverpool  y  Manchester,  ha  publicado  im  interesante 
folleto  que  contiene  informes  relativos  4  los  recursos  naturales  y  al 
actual  estado  economico  de  dicha  Repiiblica. 

Las  importacionos,  cuyo  valor  en  1906  ascendi6  d  $7,220,759  en  ore, 
representaban  casi  toda  clase  de  articulos  de  fdbrica  extranjera,  tales 
como  maquinaria,  <i:^neros  de  lana,  de  algod6n,  seda  y  lino,  sombreros 
de  todas  clases,  comestil)les,  vinos  y  licores,  substancias  alimenticias 
en  conserva,  articulos  de  porcelana,  loza  de  barro,  de  vidrio,  articulos 
de  ferreteria,  merceria,  pianos,  carruajes,  articulos  de  billares,  instru- 
mentos  miisicos,  cuadros,  barnices,  medicinas,  perfumeria,  joyeria, 
piedras  preciosas,  articulos  de  fantasia,  etc. 

Los  siguientes  palsos  on  el  ordon  de  su  importancia  suministraron 
los  prccitados  articulos:  Ustados  Unidos,  Alemania,  Inglaterra,  Fran- 
cia,  Italia,  p]spaila,  Belgica,  Suiza,  Austria,  Ilolanda,  Japdn,  China, 
Mexico,  Peru,  Chile  y  las  Repiiblicas  <le  Centro  America.  I^as  exporta- 
ciones, cuyo  valor  on  1906  se  calcul6  en  $7,136,271  en  oro,  consistie- 
ron  mayormonto  de  caf6,  azrtcar,  bananos,  maderas,  cueros,  goma,  plan* 
tas  medicinalos,  frutas,  etc.  De  (»afe,  que  es  el  articulo  principal  de 
exportacion,  se  ombarcaron  como  50,000  toneladas,  y  dicho  producto 
fu6  clasificado  como  "Superior''  en  los  mercados  del  mundo.  Entre 
los  palses  d  los  cualos  se  exportaron  los  precitados  articulos,  pueden 
mencionarse  a  los  Estados  Unidos,  Alemania,  Inglaterra,  Francia, 
Italia,  Austria-IIungrla,  Espaila,  B^lgica,  Chile  y  otros. 

El  comercio  extranjero  se  esta  desarrollando,  y  se  espera  que 
cuando  se  inau^ure  el  Ferrocarril  Interocednico,  que  correr4  desde 


GUATEMALA.  155 

San  Jos6  en  el  Paclfico  hasta  Puerto  Barrios  en  el  AtUntico,  es  decir, 
una  distancia  de  269  millas,  se  ha  de  facilitar  considerablemente  el 
transporte  de  los  productos  nativos  d  la  costa. 

En  la  actualidad  los  ferrocarriles  que  prestan  servicios  al  ptSblico 
son  los  siguientes:  el  Central,  el  del  Oeste,  el  de  Ocos,  el  de  Verapaz 
y  el  de  Guatemala,  y  dicese  que  en  este  mes  de  diciembre  de  1907  se 
efectuard  la  inauguraci6n  del  Ferrocarril  del  Norte. 

Los  productos  de  Guatemala  son  variadisimos  y  abundantes  en 
sumo  grado.  En  el  reino  vegetal  produce  toda  clase  de  plantas, 
Acres  y  frutas  caracterlsticas  de  la  zona  t6rrida  y  de  la  templada. 
Hay  en  dicho  pais  ricas  minas  de  oro,  plata,  cobre,  hierro,  plomo, 
cine,  antimonio,  carb6n  de  piedra,  mdrmol,  azufre,  mica,  etc. 

Sin  embargo,  la  agricultura  constituye  la  fuente  principal  de  riqueza 
de  dicha  Repflblica,  y  4  su  explotaci6n  se  consagra  la  mayor  parte  del 
capital  que  all!  se  invierte.  Gracias  &  la  extraordinaria  feracidad  del 
suelo,  no  es  necesario  alll  el  abono  ni  el  riego,  porque  abunda  la  hume- 
dad  hasta  en  la  estaci6n  denominada  de  sequla. 

En  algunas  de  las  regiones  de  la  costa  pueden  hacerse  dos  6  tres 
cosechas  anuales  de  los  productos  caracterlsticos  de  cUchas  regiones. 
Existen  grandes  cafetales,  ingenios  de  azticar,  plantaciones  de  cacao, 
bananos,  cereales,  etc.,  al  paso  que  en  los  Departamentos  del  norte  hay 
varias  compaMas  nacionales  y  extranjeras  que  se  ocupan  en  la  explo- 
taci6n  de  los  productos  de  los  bosques,  que  comprenden  una  gran 
variedad  de  maderas  preciosas,  y  mayormente  de  caoba  y  cedro. 
Tambi6n  se  est&n  estableciendo  plantaciones  de  goma  que  han  dado 
resultados  satisfactorios. 

En  la  Repflblica  se  fabrican  varios  articulos  de  excelente  calidad. 
Algunos  g^neros  de  lana  y  algod6n,  los  muebles  y  el  calzado  son  tan 
excelentes  como  los  importados.  Entre  otros  productos  del  pais 
pueden  mencionarse  los  sombreros,  sillas  de  montar,  cordeleria  en 
general,  tejidos  de  bejuco,  articulos  de  barro,  obras  de  escultura,  ins- 
trumentos  de  mtisica,  jab6n,  velas,  puros,  cigarrillos,  queso,  mante- 
quiUa,  cerveza,  aguas  minerales,  hielo,  aguardiente,  etc.  Los  artesa- 
no§  naturales  del  pais  muestran  tener  gran  inteHgencia  para  aprender 
nuevas  artes,  y  la  materia  prima  es  muy  variada  y  excelente. 

La  Reptiblica  tiene  un  4rea  de  125,000  kil6metros  cuadrados, 
cuenta  con  2,000,000  de  habitantes  y  la  densidad  de  poblaci6n  se 
calcula  en  16  habitantes  por  kilometro  cuadrado. 

Guatemala  es  un  pais  montafioso,  pero  con  muy  buena  aguada,  y 
el  clima  varia  segtin  la  elevaci6n  sobre  el  nivel  del  mar.  En  la  costa 
se  siente  mucho  el  calor,  en  las  planicies  centrales  el  clima  es  tem- 
plado  y  agradable,  en  tanto  que  en  los  puntos  elevados  el  clima  es 
frio.  Las  estaciones  denominadas  lluviosa  y  de  sequia  se  caracterizan 
per  el  hecho  de  que  durante  la  primera  llueve  diariamente,  al  paso 
qae  durante  la  segunda  llueve  de  tiempo  en  tiempo. 


166        OFICIIS'A    INTERNACIONAL   DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICANAS. 

Las  rogiones  mis  populosas  son  las  del  sur  y  del  oeste,  y  la  ciudad 
do  Guatemala,  capital  de  la  Repflblica,  tiene  100,000  habitantes. 
Dicha  capital  se  comunica  por  ferrocarril  con  los  puertos  de  San  Josfi 
y  Puerto  Barrios  del  Pacifico  y  del  Atlantico,  respectivamente,  que- 
dando  el  primoro  i  una  distancia  de  74.5  millas,  que  se  yiajan  en  cinco 
horas,  3"  el  segundo  d  una  distancia  de  194.5  millas,  que  se  andan  en 
docc  horas. 

El  viaje  de  Guatemala  d  los  Estados  Unidos,  embarcando  en  los 
puertos  del  Atlantico,  se  liace  en  cuatro  dias,  y  k  Europa  en  quince. 
La  costa  del  Pacifico  de  la  Ilepublica  tiene  una  longitud  de  250  kil6- 
metros,  y  la  del  Atlantico  161  kilometres.  San  Jos&,  Champerico  y 
Ocos  son  puertos  del  Pacifico,  en  tanto  que  Puerto  Barrios,  Santo 
Tomds  y  Livingston  lo  son  del  Atlintico.  Panzds  en  el  rio  Polochic 
y  Gualan  en  el  rio  Motagua,  son  puertos  de  rfo,  al  paso  que  Isabel 
en  el  lago  del  mismo  nombre  tambi^n  es  lugar  de  importaneia. 

liA  INAUGTJBACldN  DEL  FEBBOCABSEL  DEL  NOBTE. 

La  inauguracion  del  Ferrocarril  del  Xorte  de  Guatemala  que  corre 
de  Puerto  Barrios  on  la  costa  del  Atlantico  liasta  San  Jos£  en  la  del 
Pacifico,  se  llevo  a  cabo  formalmente  el  19  de  enero  de  1907,  fecha 
en  que  el  primer  tren  quo  corri6  por  dicha  linea  entr6  en  la  ciudad 
de  Guatemala. 

La  terminacion  de  esta  importante  obra,  comenzada  en  1892,  hace 
6poca  no  solo  on  el  desarrollo  de  Guatemala,  sino  tambi^n  en  los 
paises  adyacentos  do  la  America  Central,  en  tanto  que  el  puerto  de 
Nuova  Orleans  on  los  Estados  Unidos  ostara  en  intima  comunicaci6n 
con  ol  comercio  de  la 'costa  occidental  de  Nicaragua  y  el  Salvador, 
ahorrandosc  asi  oclio  dias  de  navegaci6n  por  la  via  de  Col6n,  en 
comparacion  con  ol  tiompo  que  antes  se  necesitaba  para  hac^r  dieho 
viaje. 

Durante  muchos  anos  la  produccion  de  caf^  de  Guatemala  la  trans- 
portaba  ol  Ferrocarril  Central  de  Guatemala,  cjue  corria  desde  la 
ciudad  do  Guatemala  liasta  San  Jose  do  Guatemala,  que  es  el  puerto 
do  ontrada  por  ol  lado  del  Pacifico,  y  desde  alii  se  transportaba  6. los 
l)U(iuos  do  la  linoa  del  Pacifico.  FLstos  ombarques  iban  &  San  Fran- 
cisco para  sor  distribuidos,  6  a  Panama  y  a  travos  del  Istmo,  con 
destino  prinrij)alinonto  a  Inglatorra  y  Alomania. 

La  ••rnitod  Fruit  Companj'"  tambion  ha  inaugurado  un  nuevo 
sorvicio  quinconal  <l(*  vai)oros  ontro  Xueva  York  y  Puerto  Barrios, 
como  consocuoncia  (1(»  la  inauguracion  do  la  linea  de  un  oc4&no  al 
otro,  nocesitan<los<»  s<')lo  do  ocho  a  nuovo  dias  para  hacer  el  viaje,  y 
adomas  lia  ostal)locido  una  conoxion  do  tolografo  sin  hilos  en  Puerto 
Linion,  ({uo  os  ol  piinto  central  do  distribucion  para  las  estaciones  de 
la  Ainorica  Central.  Do  una  costa  a  la  otra,  la  linoa  tiene  una  longi- 
intl   lotal  do  270  miliars,  y  su  terminacion  se  ha  demorado  tanto 


HONDURAS.  157 

tiempo  debido  &  las  grandes  dificultades  que  fu6  necesario  veneer  en 
la  construcci6n  de  las  60  61timas  millas  de  las  195  que  hay  entre  la 
ciudad  de  Guatemala  y  la  costa  del  AtUntico.  Gracias  a  la  gran 
habilidad  que  ban  desplegado  los  ingenieros,  ban  podido  vencerse  las 
dificultades  topogr&ficas  y  constniirse  tuneles  y  puentes  que  estable- 
cen  conexiones  entre  tramos  relativamente  cortos  de  una  via  recta. 
Hanse  constnildo  un  total  de  70  puentes,  de  los  cuales  los  dos  mds 
importantes  se  ballan  k  una  corta  distancia  de  la  ciudad  de  Guate- 
mala, y  uno  de  ellos  atraviesa  la  barranca  de  Las  Vacas,  que  tiene 
244  pies  de  profundidad. 

El  Presidente  de  la  compania,  bajo  cuyos  auspicios  se  termin6 
dicha  Ifnea,  es  Sir  William  Van  IIorne,  auxiliado  por  el  Senor 
Minor  C.  Kjeith,  y,  ademds,  el  entusi^stico  apoyo  que  el  Presidente 
Cabrera  le  ba  prestado  ba  contrlbuido  por  todos  conceptos  a  la  feliz 
terminaci6n  de  dicba  empresa. 

El  Ferrocaml  del  Xorte  de  Guatemala  viene  k  constituir  el  tercer 
fenrocarril  interoce6.nico  que  atraviesa  los  paises  de  la  America  Latina, 
y  aunque  no  se  espera  que  el  trdfica  se  desvie  de  los  ferrocarriles  de 
Tebuan tepee  6  Panama,  se  cree  que  la  influencia  que  est  a  nueva  linea 
ba  de  ejercer  en  el  comercio  interior  de  la  America  Central  ser^ 
enorme. 


HONDURAS. 

AUMENTO  DEL  DEBECHO  DE  EXFOBTACldN  SOBBE  EL  BANANO. 

Miguel  R.  Davela,  Presidente  Provisional  de  la  Repiiblica  de 
Honduras,  con  fecba  14  de  septiembre  de  1907,  dicto  un  decreto 
aumentando  el  derecbo  de  exportacion  sobre  bananos,  cuya  parte 
dispositiva  es  como  sigue : 

ArtIculo  p.  Se  eleva  k  3  centavos  el  impuesto  de  2  centavos  por 
cada  racimo  de  bananos  que  so  exporte,  establocido  por  el  articulo 
V  del  decreto  No.  30  de  14  de  septiembre  de  1893. 

Art.  2°.  Ijos  fondos  que  actualmente  tengan  los  tesoreros  de  las 
municipalidades,  procedentes  de  dicho  impuesto,  los  deposit anui  en 
la  caja  de  la  aduana  respectiva. 

Art.  3**.  Los  administradores  de  aduana  percibiran  en  lo  sucosivo 
la  totalidad  del  impuesto,  apri^ndole  cuenta  especial,  cuyo  saldo  se 
destinara  en  la  cantidad  necesaria  a  los  gastos  locales  de  instniccion 
primaria,  hacienclo  los  pagos  conforme  a  los  presupuestos  y  noniinas 
presentados  por  las  municipalidades  con  la  aprobacion  de  los  gober- 
nadores;  y  el  resto  del  producto  del  impuesto  se  acumulara  })ara  la 
construcci6n  de  los  referidos  muelles. 

Art.  4**.  La  presente  ley  empezara  a  regir  el  V  de  noviembre 
pr6ximo,  y  se  faculta  al  Ministerio  de  Hacienda  para  que  dicto  las 
disposiciones  necesarias  k  su  cumplimiento;  ((uedando  derogado  do 
fecha  el  citado  decreto  No.  30  de  14  de  septiembxe  de  \^S>?>. 


158        OFICINA    INTERNACIONAL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICAN  AS. 


MEXICO. 

COMEBCIO   EXTERIOR   DTJBANTE   EL   PBIMEB  TBIMESTBE  DE 

1907-8. 


La  Secci6n  de  Estadistica  del  Departamento  de  Hacienda  y  Cr^ 
dito  Publico  de  los  Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos  acaba  de  publicarlos 
datos  relatives  al  comercio  exterior  de  la  Reptiblica  durante  los  tres 
mesesde  Julio  k  septiembre  de  1907,  6  sea  el  primer  trimestredel  ejer- 
cicio  fiscal  de  1907-8,  comparados  con  los  correspondientes  &  igual 
perlodo  de  1906-7.  Las  import aciones  tuvieron  im  valor  total  de 
60,907,390.43  pesos,  suma  que,  comparada  con  la  de  50,091,967.58 
pesos  en  que  estuvieron  avaluadas  las  del  mismo  perlodo  del  ejer- 
eicio  anterior,  demuestra  un  aumento  de  10,815,422.85  pesos  en  fa- 
vor del  corriente.  Las  exportaciones  se  avaluaron  en  la  cantidad  de 
64,805,036.40  pesos,  que  arrojo  un  aumento  de  11,037,235.66  pesos, 
comparada  con  la  suma  de  53,767,800.74  pesos,  &  que  ascendi6  el 
valor  de  las  del  mismo  trimestre  de  1906-7. 

Durante  el  mes  de  septiembre  de  1907  se  importaron  mercancfas 
fxtranjeras  por  valor  de  20,906,073.05  pesos,  contra  18,355,371.25 
pesos  en  el  mismo  mes  de  1906,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  2,550,701.80 
pesos.  Las  exportaciones  hechas  durante  septiembre  de  1907 
estuvieron  avaluadas  en  20,128,669.42  pesos,  en  comparaci6n  con 
16,343,614.52  pesos,  6  sea  un  incremento  de  3,785,054.90  pesos. 

Es  digno  de  not  arse  el  aumento  de  las  exportaciones  cuando  se 
tiene  en  cuenta  (jue  durante  los  aiios  econ6mieos  de  1905-6  y  1906-7 
disminuyeron  de  una  manora  considerable. 

En  el  siguiente  cuadro  se  indican  las  clases  de  mercancfas  recibidas 
durante  el  period o  que  se  examina,  haei^ndose  la  clasificaci6n  de 
acuerdo  con  la  tarifa  de  import aci6n  vigente  en  la  Reptiblica;  d&nse 
tambi6n  las  cifras  correspondientes  al  mismo  perlodo  de  1906-7, 
por  via  de  comparaci6n: 

IMI'OUTAri6N. 
[Valor  <1«'  factum  en  inonoda  moxicana.] 


Moifancius. 


Matorias  anlmalos 

Matorias  vogrtalos 

Matcrias  minoraJes 

MoJidOR  y  8118  manufarturas 

I'rodiK'tos  qiilniicoH 

Hchidas 

Papt'l  y  8U8  aplicacionoH ■      l,H7,tS&i.  S2 

Maqiiliuifl  y  aparatos !      8,  I3U5U.  91 

VchlculoR 2,&nj7l.39 

Annar.  v  oxplosivos '      1,079, 5gS.  M 

1)1  V«TMJ» ;        2.r'i»^ .  WM  CM 


Tros  primeros  meaes  del  afio 
fiscal— 


l«)7Hi, 


Print, 

4,147,3^19 

8,iy.rO7-06 

7.i73,2&4.e8 
2,WU387.eO 

i,m,o;fi.si 


19D0-7. 


Prto». 

fl,S47, 14^37 


Total  iinportucidn |    U),W7,3&0.48  \      a>,OBl,907.S 

I  I 


MEXICO. 


159 


Segfln  la  clasificaci6n  de  la  nomenclatura  de  exportaci6n,  las  mer- 
cancias  que  se  enviaron  al  extranjero  fueron  como  se  detalla  6,  con- 
tinuaci6n,  exprestodose  tambi^n  las  cifras  de  los  tres  primeros  meses 
de  1906-7,  por  via  de  comparacion : 


EXPORTACION. 
•[Valor  de  factura  en  moneda  mexicana.] 


Mercancfas. 


Tres  primeros  meses  del  aflo 
fiscal  de— 


1907-8. 


Productos  mlnerales:  I 

Ore ,      5, 

Plata !    30, 


Cobre. 

Otroa 

Productos  vegetales: 

Algoddn 

Caucho 

Frutas  frescas 

Henequto 

Otros 

Productos  animates 

Productos  manulasturados. 
Diversos 


Pesos. 

511,563.70 

042,867.94 

648,517.55 

969,955.28 

073, 335. 75 
003.820.80 
601,650.00 
343,167.00 
096.250.54 
137,351.80 
729, 474. 47 
647,080.57 


1906-7. 


Pesos. 
5,721,317.12 
21,562,917.27 
7.620,253.98 
1,722,495.08 

92,204.00 

890,917.00 

1,827.409.00 

6,429,097.91 

4,512.183.58 

2,571,304.78 

634,366.02 

183,335.00 


Total  exportacidn:  I  i 

Metales  preciosos '    35.554.431.64  '      27.284.234.39 

DeznAs  articulos 29,250,604.76  '      26,483,566.35 


Total  general i    64 ,  805 .  036. 40        53, 767, 800. 74 


EI  total  de  las  importaciones  se  distribuye  de  la  manera  siguiente, 
se^n  la  procedencia  de  las  mercancias : 


Pafses. 


Euroiw 

kMc^y.'.'.'.'.'.'...'.'.. 
America  del  Norte 
America  Central. . 
America  del  Sur... 

AntillM 

Oceania 

Total 


Tres  primeros  meses  de — 


1907-8. 


Pesos. 

23,296,795.35 

436,242.33 

25,523.73 

3<i,099,499.35 

13,727.65 

389,632.08 

35,147.34 

10,822.00 


1906-7. 


Pesos. 

18,4-22,402.20 

319,894.27 

50,785.30 

31,185,125.18 

8,083.28 

43,056.61 

46,179.74 

15,841.00 


00,907,390.43         50,091, %7.  ^8 


Alemania  se  halla  k  la  cabeza  de  los  paises  europeos  con  una 
cantidad  de  7,569,413.95  pesos;  le  sigue  la  Gran  Bretana,  que  antes 
ocupaba  el  primer  puesto,  eon  importaciones  por  valor  de  6,528, 114. 99 
pesos;  Francia  ocupa  el  tercer  puesto  con  4,915,814.90  pesos,  seguida 
per  Espafia  con  1,867,870.81  pesos.  A  la  cabeza  de  todos  los  paises 
del  mundo  se  hallan  los  Estados  Unidos,  que  aparecen  acreditados 
con  mis  de  la  mitad  del  valor  total  de  las  importaciones,  6  sea 
36,557,312.29  pesos. 


160        UlICINA    1NTERNACI0^'AL    DE   LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICANAS. 

T^as  cxportacioues  fueroii  destinadas  de  la  manera  expuesta  en  el 

sijijiiiciitc  cuadro: 


I     Tres  primeroB  mescs  de 

I'jlJf>t»S.  


1007-8. 


I  Pesos. 

Kiiropa I  19.290,042.27 

Asia rm.m 

America  del  Norte I  44.475,372. 79 

America  Ceiitrril !  228,16.5.95 

Ain<SricH  dol  Sur "  19.036. 39 

Anlillas : '  791,919. 00 


1906-7. 

Pesos, 
16,880,725.00 


35,938.320.54 

202,272.60 

26,995.00 

650.487.00 


ToUl 04.805,036.40  .      53,767,800.74 


De  los  paises  europeos  la  Gran  Bretaiia  recibe  la  mayor  canti- 
dad  de  las  ex})()rtaci(>nes  mexicanas,  hallandose  acreditada  con  9,651,- 
701.59  pesos.  La  siguen:  Alemania,  con  5,523,526.99  pesos;  Fran- 
cia,  con  1,807,648.50;  Belgica,  con  1,175,541.19  pesos,  y  Espafia,  con 
1,109,074  pesos;  otros  paises  aparecen  con  cantidades  de  poca  con- 
sideracion.  En  la  list  a  de  los  ])aises  compradores,  los  Estados 
Unidos  eslan  tanibien  a  la  cal)oza,  liabiendo  tornado  del  valor  total 
de  las  exportacioiics  d(^l  trimestre  que  se  exainina  mercanclas  por 
valor  de  41,402,475. 79  pesos. 

SITTTACldN  DE  LA  HACIENDA  PttBLICA  T  LA  PEB8PECTIVA  aUE 
PBESENTA  EL  ASTO  DE  1908-9. 

El  14  de  dicienibn*  de  1907  el  Licenciado  Ives  Limantour,  Secrc- 
tario  de  Hacienda  de  Mexico,  coiiio  tiene  ])()r  costumbre  hacerlo  anual- 
niente,  eiivio  al  Coii«:reso  Nacional  una  relacion  acerca  de  los  ingresos 
V  e<^resos  correspondientes  al  afio  economico  de  1906-7  y  el  proyecto 
del  ])re.sui)iiesto  (pie  comprende  iin  calculo  de  los  ingresos  y  egresos 
ct)rrespon(lientes  al   ano   de    1908-9,   expresandose  el  valor  en  oro 

niexicano. 

El  calculo  normal  de  la  rent  a  .se  fija  en  $103,385,000,  y  el  total  de 
ogn^sos  se  lija  en  §103,203,824.03,  lo  cual  deja  un  sobrante  de  $181,- 

l7rK37. 

.VI  hacer  coinentarios  sobre  la  situaciou  economica  y  fmanciera  del 

iviis.  el  Secret ario  LiMAXToru  dice  cpie  a  la  tenninacion  del  aflo  de 

^AH^  si*  cn*Y6  <iue  en  el  siguiente  ano  no  ocurriria  ningun  cambio  en  las 

,-,*«Jioionos  generalinente   prosperas   cpie   prevalecen   en   todos   los 

iijt>il*>5^  Jo  Ift  Kepfiblica,  e.speranzas  (jue  se  ban  visto  confirinadas  por 

m  Afn^nx^Ho  inalerial  y  de  vitalidad  economica  cpie  anuncian  un 

tvci:tt«t:»j.^  iworiMuenlo  en  todos  los  ramos. 

^1,8-  iwx^*^  Jo  iniportacion  y  consularos  muestran  im  aument-o 

•;iattc«^«i^»  <»#  JtH^ir,  un  aumento  de  mas  de  un  16  por  ciento  en  com- 

.-_i^^^^  ,.-^  »;  j^j^>  anterior,  por  mas  (pie  los  tipos  del  arancel  no  se 

Ia  vonla  de  eslampillas  comunes  tambien  revela  un 

A  U  aetividad  de  las  tran.sacciones  nacionales,  & 


MEXICO.  161 

pesar  de  que  en  el  transcurso  del  tiltinio  afio  fiijcal  la  tarifa  del  timbre 
tu6  modificaday  haei^ndose  una  reducci6n  bastante  ^rando  de  las 
euotasque  se  imponen  &  la  mayor  parte  de  las  operacioncs;  y  en  cuanto 
&  la  coi^tribuci6n  federal  que  se  cobra  sobre  todo  impuesto  6  in«2:reso 
que  recaudanlasoficinasdelosEstados  y  de  los  munieipios,  tambien 
so  advierte  un  incremento  considerable  que  demuestra  que  la  recau- 
dacion  de  los  impuestos  continda  aumentando. 

La  demanda  de  estampillas  especiales  para  efectuar  el  pago  de  las 
contribuciones  sobre  minas,  tabaco,  bebidas  alcoholicas,  generos  6 
tejidos  de  algodon  y  explosivos,  tambifin  indican  un  constante  aumcnto 
en  las  industrias  sujetas  a  dichas  contribuciones. 

El  producto  del  servicio  postal  y  lineas  telejijr&ficas  muestra  un 
incremento  considerable,  en  tanto  que  en  el  Distrito  Federal  la  activi- 
dad  on  las  transacciones  de  bienes  raices  asl  como  en  las  empresas 
comerciales  6  industriales,  consideradas  en  conjuntas,  fu^  mayor  que 
en  los  alios  anteriores. 

En  cuanto  &  la  producoi6n  agricola  del  afio,  dicese  que  con  los  datos 
que  han  podido  obtenerse  es  imposible  prodecir  la  utilidad  probable 
de  las  coscchas  del  pafs  para  las  necesidades  nacionales.  La  impor- 
tacion  de  maiz  y  trigo  extranjero  constituye  uno  de  los  factorcs  mas 
importantes  para  determinar  el  estado  del  mercado  monetario  local, 
debido  k  las  grandes  remesas  de  dinero  que  se  han  liccho  al  extranjero 
con  motivo  de  las  exigencias  del  estado  actual  financieru. 

La  producci6n  y  exportaci6n  de  metales  preciosos  quo,  junto  con  el 
cobre  y  el  plomo,  representan  mas  de  im  95  por  ciento  de  la  produccion 
mineral,  se  calcula  como  sigue:  Produccion  de  oro,  S36,563,S9^; 
exportaci6n  de  oro,  $23,873,713;  produccion  de  |)la(a,  ?77,()SS,827; 
exportaci6n  de  plata,  $99,861,790.  Estas  cifras  demucstran  que  la 
producci6n  de  oro  ha  permanecido  practicamente  estacionaria,  en 
t«nto  que  la  de  plata  muestra  un  aumento  de  §1,483,223  en  compara- 
ckin  con  1905-6.  La  produc<*i6n  de  cobre  y  j)lomo  ha  disminuido 
segiln  las  cifras  anunciadas,  debido  al  hecho  de  haberse  cerrado  al^zu- 
nas  de  las  minas  de  metales  de  baja  ley,  al  paso  que  el  cine,  antiinonio 
y  otras  substaneias  minerales  se  exportaron  en  nuiyor  escala. 

El  an&lisis  de  las  cifras  relativas  al  comercio  extranjero  de  la  Ue- 
pAblioa  muestra  que  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  en  190(*)-7  ascend  io 
k  S233,363,3S8,en  comparaci6n  con  §220,004,755  en  el  ano  ecoiioniico 
anterior,  lo  cual  muestra  un  aumento  de  S13,35S,G33.  El  valor  de  las 
mercancias  que  entraron  Ubres  de  derechos  muestra  una  inernia  de 
$11,000,000,  al  paso  que  el  valor  de  las  mercancias  imponibl(^*^  obtnvo 
un  aumento  de  mds  de  $24,000,000. 

Advi^rtese  un  aumento  en  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  de  subs- 
taneias animates,  materias  textiles  y  sus  productos,  ])roductos 
qufmicos  y  farmac^uticos,  y,  en  general,  en  todas  las  ])artidas  del 
arancel  que  afectan  las  mercancias  importadas.     Sin  einbarti^o,  el 


162        OFICINA    INTERNACIONAL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMEBICANAS. 

aumento  mayor  y  mds  significativo  se  muestra  en  la  maquinaria  y 
aparatos  de  todas  olases,  cuyo  valor,  que  antes  ascendi6  6  $20,410,722 
ha  subido  6,  $27,735,743,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  $7,325,020.  Durante 
los  dos  alios  de  referenda  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  de^carros, 
automobiles  y  vehiculos  de  todas  clases,  ascendi6  4  $9,000,308  y 
$4,595,157,  respectivamente.  La  disniinuci6n  de  $7,871,480  en  el 
valor  de  las  importaciones  de  substancias  minerales  se  debe  al  hecho 
de  que  en  1905-6  se  acuiiaron  grandes  cantidades  de  monedas  mexi- 
canas  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  y  aunque  en  1906-7  dichas  transac- 
cioncs  asceiidieron  k  $23,000,000  fueron  menores  que  en  el  afto  an- 
terior. 

Las  eifras  relativas  a  las  exportaciones  muestran  im  valor  total  de 
$248,018,010,  en  eomparaci6n  con  $271,138,809  en  1905-6.  El 
Secretario  limantour  dice  que  esta  aparente  disminuci6n  en  el  valor 
de  las  exportaciones  se  explica  de  la  manera  siguiente: 

*^Enel  presupuesto  del  aiio  pasado  se  expres6  qua  suponiendo 
que  los  $39,000,000  en  oro  que  se  importaron  en  1905-6  di6  per 
resultado  una  exportaci6n  artificial  de  pesos  en  plataenuna  cantidad 
equivalente,  el  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones,  teniendo  este  hecho 
en  cuenta,  no  fu6  $271,000,000  sino  $232,000,000.  Aceptando  la 
exactitud  de  este  criterio  y  careci^ndose  de  datos  m&s  precisos,  puede 
sostenerso  que  por  cuanto  el  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones  en  1906-7 
ascon(li6  a  $248,000,000,  incluyendo  por  lo  menos  13,000,000  de 
pesos  en  plata  que  fueron  enviados  al  extranjero  en  cambio  de  monedas 
de  oro  mexicanas  y  extranjeras  que  6,  su  vez  se  incluyen  en  el  valor 
de  las  importaciones,  cs  necesario  descontar  la  cantidad  de  refe- 
rencia  del  valor  de  las  exportaciones,  fi,  fin  de  que  este  tiltimo  pueda 
calcularse  on  $235,000,000.  Teniendo  en  cuenta  estas  explicaciones 
se  comprende  que  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  product<5s  del  pafs 
en  1906-7  exccdio  un  poco,  es  decir,  en  $3,000,000  al  de  las  expor- 
taciones de  1905-6.  El  v^alor  de  estos  tiltimos  excedi6  con  mucho  al 
de  las  cualquier  otro  afio  anterior. ^^ 

Con  excepci6n  del  oro  y  la  plata,  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de 
metales  en  el  aflo  de  referencia  fu6  como  sigue:  Cobre,  $^8,800,000; 
plomo,  $3,644,739,  y  otros  metales  como  cine  y  antimonio,  $4,072,982. 

El  valor  de  los  proiluctos  vegetales  exportados  se  expresa  como 
sigue:  Henequ^n,  $31,440,246;  ixtle,  $3,813,176;  cdfe,  $7,237,529; 
tabaco  en  rama,  $1,894,830;  garbanzos,  $4,084,521;  goma  de  mas- 
car,  $2,144,724;  maderas  de  construcci6n,  $2,169,778;  maderas  de 
tinte,  $739,810;  goma,  incluso  guayule,  $6,678,926,  y  plantas  de 
guayule,  $61,225. 

El  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  chicle  y  el  guayule  que  comenz6  & 
exportarse  hace  cinco  aftos,  en  la  actualidad  excede  de  $6,500,000 
anuales;  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  garbanzos  se  ha  triplicado; 
el  del  ixtle  de  $3,000,000  ha  subido  &  $3,800,000  y  el  valor  del  chicle 


MEXICO.  163 

muestra  un  aumento  cle  50  por  cicnto.  El  valor  ilc  las  exportaciones 
del  henequfin  se  calcula  aproximadamente  en  $30,000,000,  y  las  can- 
tidades  que  se  han  embarcado  fliicWan  dcsde  82,000  toneladas  hasta 
110,000  que  se  embarcaron  en  1906-7.  El  ai\o  no  fue  inuy  favorable 
para  el  caf6  cuya  exportaeion  se  valuo  en  82,000,000. 

El  valor  de  los  productos  animales  que  se  exportaron  ascendi6  a 
$11,151,928,  lo  cual  muestra  una  baja  de  $571,497  en  comparacion 
con  el  afio  anterior.  El  ganado  que  represent6  uno  de  los  artlculos  de 
exportaeion  principales  se  exporto  por  valor  de  $1,201,693,  y  el  valor 
de  los  cueros  crudos  exportados  ascendio  k  $8,875,091. 

El  valor  del  azucar  de  refmo  que  se  exporto  ascendio  a  $1,104,339; 
el  del  azucar  sin  purgar  ascendi6  &  $26,612;  la  Iiarina  y  panes  de 
semilla  de  algod6n  se  valuaron  en  $846,280 ;  los  sombreros  de  guano, 
$631,219;  cueros  y  cupieles  curtidos,  $34,883,  y  tabaco  elaborado, 
$493,228. 

Por  la  relacion  que  antecede  el  Secretario  Limantour  haee  el  si- 
guiente  resimien  del  comercio  extranjero:  Valor  total  de  las  impor- 
taciones  en  1906-7,  $233,363,388;  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones, 
$248,018,010,  y  el  excedente  del  valor  de  las  exportaciones  rcspecto 
del  de  las  importaciones  ascendi6  &  $14,654,622. 

Existe  una  gran  diferencia  entre  este  exceso  en  el  valor  y  el  que  se 
muestra  en  los  datos  correspondientes  al  afio  de  1905-6  que  ascendi6 
&  $51,134,054,  y  tambi6n  existe  diferencia,  aunque  un  })oco  menor, 
entre  dicho  exceso  en  el  valor  y  en  el  de  1904-5  que  ascendio  4 
$30,315,489. 

Al  hacer  comentarios  sobre  lo  que  queda  oxpuesto  el  Secretario 
LiMANToUR  dice  lo  siguiente:  '*  Jin  otros  anos  so  han  dado  minuciosas 
explicaciones  acerca  de  aquellos  factores  que  por  mds  que  afectaban 
el  valor  do  las  importaciones  y  las  exportaciones,  no  se  incluyen  ni 
pueden  incluirse  en  los  datos  estadisticos  fiscalcs  que  se  liniitan  a 
notar  los  productos  naturales  y  fabricados  y  las  cantidades  de 
monedas  que  entran  y  salen.  Tand)ien  se  ha  explicado  que  la  nacion 
mexicana  tiene  que  hacer  anualnicnte  pagos  de  gran  consideracion 
en  pago  de  los  intereses  devengados  sobroiel  capital  invertido  en  cl  pals 
y  de  las  ganancias  que  obtienen  en  las  empresas  conierciales  cuyos 
duefios  residen  en  paises  extranjeros,  y  a  los  precitados  pagos  debcn 
afladirse  los  que  se  hacen  estrictamente  en  pago  de  las  importaciones. 
No  cabe  la  menor  duda  dc  que  cl  excedente  que  hul)o  cl  ano  pasado 
en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones,  y  que  ascendi6  a  miis  de  $14,000,000, 
hx6  del  todo  insuficiente  para  satisfacer  esta  deuda.  Ni  siquiera  cl 
excedente  que  se  obtuvo  en  1905-6  y  que  acendio  a  $51,000,000  fu6 
suficiente  para  hacer  frente  a  dicha  deuda.  A  fin  de  entcndcr  este 
aserto  es  necesarlo  recordar  que  todos  los  bonos  dc  nuestra  deuda 
ptiblica,  con  excepcion  de  una  proj)orcion  relativamente  pequena, 
esULn  en  poder  de  extranjeros  y  que  dicha  deuda  exige  uii  v^u^o  o^^ 


164        UFICINA    I^'TERNAClO^'AL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMEEICANAS. 

no  baja  de  $24,000,000  anualcs;  que  adem&s  de  la  deuda  del  Gobienu^ 
Federal  algunos  do  los  Estados  y  municipalidacles  han  contrafdo 
deudas  ciiyos  bonos  los  poseen  extranjeros  y  de  los  cualcs  cl  pago 
aniial  asciendc  por  lo  menos  k  $1,000,000;  que  las  compaiilas  de 
ferrocarriles  tienen  que  enviar  al  extranjero  mAs  de  $25,000,000  cada 
afio  en  pago  dd  intereses  de  sus  bonos,  y  que  los  bancos  distribuyen 
anualmente  millones  de  pesos  en  dividendos  fuera  de  la  Reptiblica. 
Todos  estos  dotalles,  am^n  del  interes  y  las  ganancias  distribufdas 
por  sociedades  particulares,  en  su  totalidad  ascienden  &  una  suma 
que  exceda  con  nuicho  A  la  diferencia  que  resulta  d  favor  del  valor 
de  las  export aciones  en  nuestro  comercio  intemacional,  y  por  con- 
secuencia  sc  ha  ilegado  a  la  conclusi6n  de  que  la  diferencia  entre  el 
debe  y  haber,  considerados  como  tales,  respectivamente,  las  remesas 
de  fondos,  las  libranzas,  bonos  y  mercanclas  que  tenemos  que  enviar 
anualmente  al  extranjero  y  que  tenemos  dereclio  d  nuestra  vez,  4 
recibir  del  extranjero,  se  pagan  ailo  tras  aiio  mediante  la  inversion 
natural  y  espontfinea  en  Mexico  de  capital  extranjero/' 

Se  demuestra  que  el  est  ado  de  los  varios  feiTocarriles  que  f  uncionan 
en  toda  la  Republica  es  satisfactorio,  notAndose  aumentos  en  todos 
los  ramos  del  trdfico.  Las  cifras  correspondientes  al  ailo  de  refe- 
rencia  muestran  que  se  condujeron  10,187,121  pasajeros,  6  sea  un 
aumento  de  un  16.7  por  ciento;  que  las  ganancias  derivadas  de  la 
conduccion  de  pasajeros  ascendieron  A  $15,942,776,  6  sea  un  aumento 
de  un  30.7  por  ciento;  que  se  transportaron  9,538,354  toneladas  de 
carga,.  quo  rcprescntan  un  aumento  do  un  6.4  por  ciento,  y  que  la 
ganancia  rosiiUante  del  transports  de  carga  ascendi6  &  $53,529,981, 
6  stni  im  aumento  de  un  9.3  por  ciento. 

El  mayor  aumento  en  la  conduccion  de  pasajeros  ocurri6  en  el 
Ferrocarril  Central  Mexicano,  y  el  aumento  en  la  conducci6n  de 
carga  en  las  lineas  Xacional  y  Ontral  Mexicanas  hubiera  sido  mayor 
si  Inibioran  contado  con  un  abastocimionto  adecuado  de  material 
rodante.  J^a  disminucion  en  el  tr)neIajo  del  Ferrocarril  Xacional  de 
Tehuantepec,  comparada  con  la  carga  transportada  en  1905-6,  se 
explica  por  haberse  suspendido  la  conduccion  de  materiales  para  las 
obras  de  puertos  en  Salina  Cruz  y  Coatzacoalcos.  Sin  embargo,  esto 
se  compensa  con  el  aumento  en  los  tipos  de  flete  a  traves  del  Istmo, 
de  manera  que  se  ha  anunciado  un  aumento  considerable  en  las  ga- 
nancias. 

El  30  do  junio  de  1907  el  activo  y  pa-sivo  de  los  bancos  del  pafs 
ascendio  a  $723,763,584,  contra  $628,881,834  en  la  misma  fecha  del 
aiio  anterior.  El  capital  suscrito  6  social  de  los  bancos  que  el  30  de 
junio  de  1906  ascendia  a  $146,600,000, en  1907  ascendio  a  $162,600,000, 
mostrandose  asi  un  aumento  de  $16,000,000. 

La  existencia  en  caja  bajo  en  $3,583,652,  diminucion  que  sin  duda 
fu^  ocasionada  por  la  extraccion  de  pesos  fuertes  con  destine  al 


MEXICO.  165 

extranjero,  que  para  los  bancos  import6  $13,000,000.  La  situacion 
monetaria  del  pais  ha  mejorado  mucho  del  afio  pasado  ti  esta  parte. 
La  escasez  de  moneda  fraccionaria  que  cntoiices  prcvalecla  ha 
desaparecido  por  completo  y  la  circulaci6ii  del  oro  os  mucho  mfis 
abundante.  Nulifica  en  parte  el  incremento  de  estas  dos  clases  de 
moneda,  la  export aci6n  de  pesos  fuertes  provocada  en  1906-7  i)or 
la  misma  causa  que  la  determino  en  1905-6:  el  alza  del  ])recio  de  la 
plata  en  barras  respecto  del  valor  en  oro  de  dicha  moneda.  La  ^ 
cantidad  total  de  acuilaci6n  de  moneda  desde  la  ^poca  de  la  instala- 
ci6n  de  la  reforma  monetaria  que  se  ofectuo  el  f)  de  mayo  do  1905 
hasta  el  30  de  junio  de  1907  ascendio  a  $95,561,570.  Deducicndo 
de  esta  cantidad  los  $74,416,231  en  pesos  fuertes  que  se  exportaron  y 
los  $14,456,923  que  representan  las  piezas  de  oro  acuftadas,  se  denmes- 
tra  que  el  aumento  en  la  circulacion  de  la  moneda  hasta  el  30  de 
junio  de  1907  ascendio  6.  $5,688,416.  A  fines  de  noviembre  dc  1907 
dicho  aumento  se  habia  elevado  a  mas  de  $11,000,000. 

La  Comisi6n  de  Cambios  y  Moneda  ha  desempefiadc^  sus  funciones 
con  notable  acierto.  Aprovechfindose  de  todas  las  circimstancias 
favorables,  ha  logrado  en  dos  aftos  substituir  casi  todas  las  monodas 
antiguas  por  piezas  acufiadas  en  conformidad  con  la  Ley  del  Regimen 
Monetario  decretada  &  principios  de  1905;  ha  distribuido  la  nueva 
moneda  en  todo  el  territorio  nacional,  haciendo  frcnte  a  las  mimero- 
sas  dificultades  que  la  escasez  6  la  abundancia  del  medio  circulante 
ban  proporcionado  en  cada  localidad ;  ha  atraido  el  oro  6.  la  Kopiiblica 
en  grandes  cantidades  y  retenido  ima  buena  parte  del  que  se  prothice 
aquf,  T,  por  tiltimo,  ha  contribuido  a  inantener  con  firmeza  los  tipos 
de  cambio  con  las  naciones  ext ran j eras. 

A  principios  de  1907  el  valor  de  los  bienes  raices  y  las  cotizaciones 
de  las  acciones  industriales  de  minas  y  comerciales  continuaron 
subiendo  y  al  establecer  una  comparacion  con  las  cotizaciones  some- 
jantesde  1906  en  general  se  muestran  result  ados  satisfactorios.  Sin 
embargo,  &  mediados  de  aiio  la  escasez  en  los  morcados  monetarios 
extranjeros  comenz6  &  afectar  la  situacion  mexicana,  y  cada  vez  se 
hacfa  mis  dificil  obtener  la  inversion  de  ca])ital  en  empresas  mexi- 
canas.  El  afio  econ6mico  de  1908-9  ha  de  sufrir  las  consecuoncias  de 
est*  estado  an6malo  6  intranquilo,  pero  la  RepubHca  Mexicana  cou- 
tintia  mostrando  vigor  y  vitalidad  en  sus  recursos  puhlicos.  los  cuales 
la  colocan  en  un  puesto  honoroso  entre  las  naciones  del  miindo. 

En  el  c&lculo  del  presupuesto  de  rentas  coriespondientes  al  auo 
econ6mico  de  1908-9  el  producto  de  las  contribuciones  so1)re  cl 
comercio  extranjero  se  calcula  en  $49,000,000;  el  de  las  contribuciones 
intemas  se  calcula  en  $32,055,000;  el  de  las  ctmtrihucioncs  cxtraor- 
dinarias  en  el  Distrito  Federal  y  en  los  Territorios  se  calcuhi  en 
$10,930,000;  el  de  losserwios  pilblicosen  $0,405,000;  cl  dc  las  rentas 
derivadas  de  los  ten'enos  nacionales  se  calcula  en  .S*J()5,000  y  v>l  vW 
las  ganancias  y  otras  fuen  tes  ( le  ren  ta  menoves  se  ca\cu\a  ow  %\  A  oV^  ,VN^^ , 


166        OFICINA   INTERN  ACIONAL    DE   LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICAN  AS. 

BENTAS  POSTAGES  DTJBANTE    1900-7. 

Segtin  estadlsticas  recientemente  publicaclas  por  la  Direcci6n  Ge- 
neral (le  Correos  de  la  Reptiblica  Mexicana,  los  ingresos  que  tuvo  el 
servicio  de  correos  durante  el  aiio  econ6mico  de  1906-7  sumaron  un 
total  de  $4,031,124.86  en  moneda  mexicana,  cantidad  que,  comparada 
con  la  de  $3,653,315.87,  renta  percibida  durante  el  ejercicio  de  1905-6, 
an*oja  un  aumento  de  $377,808.99,  6  sea  de  10.34  por  ciento. 

BENTAS  POSTALES,  PBIMEB  TBIMESTBE  DE  1907-S. 

Las  rentas  postales  recaudadas  en  la  Reptiblica  Mexicana  en  el 
primer  trimestre  de  1907-8  (julio  &  septiembre  de  1907)  ascendieron  & 
$1,043,065.88  en  moneda  mexicana,  en  comparaci6n  con  la  suma  de 
$939,837.20  que  se  percibio  en  igual  perlodo  del  ejercicio  de  1906-7, 
6  sea  un  aumento  de  $103,228.68  6  de  10.98  por  ciento. 

MEJOBAS  DE  PUEBTOS. 

La  Comisi6n  de  Defensa  del  Istmo  encargada  de  hacer  un  estudio 
de  los  puertos  mexicanos  de  Salina  Cruz  y  Coatzacoalcos,  que  son 
los  t^rminos  por  el  Atlantico  y  por  el  Paclfico  del  Ferrocarril  de 
Tehuantepec,  ha  terminado  su  estudio  de  las  condiciones  existentes 
en  Salina  Cruz,  y  antes  de  mucho  tiempo  seguirA  haciendo  sus  inves- 
tigaciones  en  Coatzacoalcos.  Se  calcula  que  las  obras  de  defensa 
recomendadas  han  de  costar  $20,000,000,  moneda  mexicana. 

Han  de  transcurrir  dos  ailos  antes  de  (^ue  los  informes  6  investi- 
gaciones  preliminarcs  se  terminen  y  antes  do  que  comiencen  real- 
men  to  los  trabajos  de  construccion. 

TRAFICO  de  PROGBESO,  TTJCATAN,  en  el  PRIMER  TRIMESTRB 

DE  1907-S. 

Durante  los  tres  primeros  meses  de  1907-8  se  exportaron  per  el 
Puerto  de  Progreso,  Yucatan,  25,937,342  kilogramos  de  henequ6n, 
valorados  en  $6,323,765  en  moneda  mexicana.  En  el  mismo  trimes- 
tre so  import aron  por  dicho  puerto  mercancias  nacionales  por  valor 
de  $3,727,500,  y  extranjeras  por  valor  de  $2,320,773. 

BASE  DE  LOS  IMPUESTOS  DE  TIMBRE  T  ADUANAS  EN  ENBRO  DB 

1908. 

La  circular  mensual  publicada  por  el  Departamento  do  Hacienda 
de  Mexico  anuncia  que  el  precio  legal  por  kilogramo  de  plata  pura 
durante  el  mes  de  enero  de  1908  ser4  de  $37.21  moneda  mexicana, 
con  arreglo  4  los  calculos  prescritos  en  el  decreto  de  25  de  marzo  de 
1905.  Este  precio  servira  de  base  para  el  pago  de  los  impuestos  de 
timbre  y  los  derechos  de  aduana  cuando  se  use  la  moneda  de  plata 
mexicana. 


MEXICO.  16T 

MODinCACldK  DE  LOS  DEBECHOS  SOBBE  EL  AZtfCAB. 

El  Presidente  de  los  Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos  promulg6  el  21  de 
diciembre  de  1907  una  ley  del  Congreso  do  la  Repiiblica  que  reforma 
la  fracci6n  125  del  arancel  ^^gent^,  de  manera  que  los  dercchos  de 
importaci6n  sobre  el  azticar  comfin.  azticar  candi  y  azucar  refinado  de 
todas  clases,  quedan  aumeiitados  de  2.50  pesos  por  cada  100  kilo- 
gramos,  peso  bnito,  &  5  pesos  por  cada  100  kilogramos,  peso  bruto. 
Diclia  ley  comenzarA  k  regir  (\  las  docc  de  la  noche  del  15  de  febrera 
de  1908. 

CONDICIONES  QUE   BIGEN  LA   INDUSTBL^    DEL   GUATXJLE. 

El  Consul  General  Gottschalk,  en  la  ciudad  de  Mexico,  ha  trans- 
mitido  un  importante  infonne  al  Departamento  de  Estado  de  los 
Estados  Unidos  que  contiene  varios  datos  relativos  k  las  condiciones 
que  actualmente  rigen  en  la  industria  de  la  goma  de  guayule,  y  el 
peligro  que  en  lo  porvenir  corre  dicha  planta  d  menos  que  sc  descubra 
un  m^todo  seguro  de  propagarla.  El  Seilor  Gottschalk  cree  muy 
importante  el  hecho  de  que  el  valor  de  la  industria  del  guayule,  tal 
como  en  la  actualidad  se  explota,  no  ha  de  durar  mucho  tiempo. 
A  continuaci6n  se  publica  un  resumen  de  dicho  informe: 
Uno  de  los  productos  que  durante  los  dos  tSltimos  aiios  ha  llamado 
la  atenci6n  en  todo  el  niundo  es  el  guayule  {Parthemum  argentum) 
que  anteriormente  se  consideraba  nada  mas  como  una  liierba,  cuya 
nicra  prescencia  disminufa  el  valor  de  los  terrenos,  pero  que  de  la 
noche  k  la  mafiana  se  descubri6  que  tenia  cierta  importancia  comercia! 
como  una  planta  productora  de  goma.  Los  terrenos  productores  do 
guajnile  de  la  part«  norte  de  Mexico  en  seguida  comenzaron  k  aer 
explotados  y  los  precios  de  6stos  se  aumentaron  enormemente,  al 
paso  que  se  instalaron  filbricas  principalmente  en  Torreon,  Saltillo  y 
Coahuila,  para  convertir  el  arbusto  en  im  producto  comercial.  Se 
hicieron  contratos  para  la  entrega  do  grandes  cantidades  de  dicho 
arbiistO;  y  en  algimos  casos  el  precio  subi6  a  $50  oro  por  tonelada, 
habi^ndose  anunciado  un  rendimiento  de  $1  oro  por  li])ra.  Como 
resultado  de  este  entusiasmo,  sc  investigaron  las  propiedades  do  dicha 
planta,  habi^ndose  obt<?nido  por  resultado  que  nadie  parecia  toner 
una  idea  definida  en  cuanto  a  la  c(mtinua  propagacion  de  dicha  planta. 
El  duefio  de  una  gran  extension  de  guaj^ilc,  le  manifest6  al  Sefior 
Gottschalk  que  habia  descubierto,  demasiado  tardt^,  que  si  se  tii- 
viese  el  cuidado  de  dejar  fructificar  antes  de  cortarlo,  y  se  sacudiese 
cuidadosamente  la  planta  despu^s  de  haborse  cortadi^  a  fin  de  que  las 
semillas  cayesen  el  suelo,  este  liltimo  continuaria  produciendo  dicha 
planta.  Sin  embargo,  como  quiera  que  el  mejor  rendimiento  de  goma 
ha  de  obtenerse  del  cortc  de  una  planta  relativamente  joven,  y 
ademdSy  como  la  semilla  podrla  permanecer  lat^nte  6  improductiva. 

24181— Bun.  1—08 32 


168        oriCINA    INTEKNACIONAL    DE    LAS    KEPUBLICAS    AMERICANAS. 

durante  dos  6  tres  aftos,  so  comprendera  desdc  luego  que  el  explotador 
dc  goma  ordinario  no  cstaria  dispucsto  a  adoptar  las  precauciones 
neccsarias. 

El  arbusti)  del  guayule  (jiie  so  esta  explotando  en  las  fabricas  del 
pais,  cTcee  en  un  area  limitada  do  Mexico.  Xo  se  despliega  ningun 
cuidadi)  para  recogerla  ni  se  liaeen  sienibras  ni  la  planta  se  propaga 
de  otra  nianera.  Sin  em])arg(),  un  eontrato  reciente  celebrado  con  el 
Gobierno  relative)  a  esta  industria,  coniprende  ciertas  estipulaeioncs 
acerca  de  este  asunto. 

Los  subiilos  j)recios  ([ue  ofrecen  las  fabrieas  han  hecho  que  dicho 
arbusto  so  reooja  desoabelladamente  antes  de  niadurarse,  habi^ndose 
o])teni(lo  por  residtado  (jue  en  niuchos  cases  se  recil>en  grandes 
cantidades  de  guayule  cjue  no  rinden  la  goma  que  debioran  rendir. 

El  Profesor  F.  A.  Lloyd,  ex-catodratico  del  Laboratorio  de  Bot&nica 
en  el  Institute  de  Carnegie  ostablecido  en  Tucson,  Arizona,  en  los 
Estados  Unidos,  al  tratar  de  descubrir  un  medio  de  propagar  la 
planta  de  una  manera  adecuada,  ha  Iieclio  experinientos  cientificos 
en  una  do  las  plantaeiones  de  Chihuahua,  poro  hasta  la  fecha  no  se 
han  anunciado  los  result  ados  de  sus  experinientos. 

El  consumo  actual  del  giuiyule  en  la  region  central  donde  dieha 
industria  so  lleva  a  cabo  es  como  dc  1,000  tonoladas  de  la  planta  por 
mes,  y,  por  tanto,  el  Sefior  Gottschai.k  anuncia  que  losfabricantes 
le  han  manifostado  ({uo  sus  omprosas  llogaran  a  su  fin  dentro'de  tres 
a  cuatro  anos,  a  nienos  (juo  se  enipleen  m6todos  eficaces  para  la  repro- 
diKcioii  do  la  planta. 

101  arlioulo  del  Doctor  Endmcii,  ilustrado  con  cuatro  fotografias 
(k*l  guayule  en  su  estado  natural,  y  publicado  en  la  revista  intitulada 
^*Tro[)eni)flanzor"  del  nies  do  julio  de  1007,  puede  citarse  como  iino 
de  los  docunientos  mas  hiteresantes  que  se  han  publicado  sobre  este 
tema.  Dieha  planta  crece  especialmento  lozana  en  los  costados  de 
las  pondiontos,  al  pie  de  las  colinas  y  montanas,  y  en  las  planicics  & 
una  allura  que  varia  desde  DOO  hasta  2,000  metres.  El  tamaAo  de 
la  planta  varia  segun  la  edad,  las  condiciones  del  suelo  y  la  localidad, 
y  el  termijio  medio  do  su  altura  es  como  60  centimetres.  El  ejemplar 
mas  alto  ([ue  se  encontro  en  la  m<mtana  de  Kamirez,  Estado  de 
Coahuila,  tenhi  un  l/M)  metros. 

El  guayide  crece  con  muclia  lent  it  ud.  y  se  supone  que  las  plantas 
que  en  la  actualidad  se  recogen  tengan  hasta  30  afios  de  edad.  Segdn 
la  opinion  del  Sener  Makx,  el  primer  ano  la  i)lanta  crece  hasta  una 
allura  que  sole  llega  a  15  centhnetros,  y  el  tallo  es  muy  debil.  A 
pesar  (le  este  hecho,  llerece  y  produce  semillas  <lesde  ilicho  periodo, 
poro  no  |)uedc  cxpletarse  con  prevecho  hasta  que  tiene  echo  aflos. 
l.a  |)lanta  no  produce  cauche  hasta  el  tercer  ano,  y  produce  muy  poco 
hastii  cl  orlave  ano.  El  Senor  P.  Olsson  Seffek,  el  distinguido 
iliivi  iiT  de  la   Estacion  Botanica  y  del  Laboratorio  dc  Zacualpa, 


MEXICO.  169 

Mexico,  dice  que  la  altura  de  las  plantas  que  tienen  tres  6  cuatro 
aflos  de  edad,  llega  k  50  centlmetros,  on  tanto  que  la  de  las  plantas 
que  tienen  seis  aftos  llega  i,  75  centimetros,  y  el  t^rmino  medio  del 
peso  es  4  libras.  Por  consiguiente,  no  es  exagerado  calcular  que  la 
edad  &  la  cual  el  guayule  puede  explotarse  con  mayor  provecho  es  de 
los  ucho  &  los  diez  aiLos. 

I^  florescencia  se  verifica  naturalmente  de  septiembre  a  octubre, 
por  niAs  que  la  lluvia  y  la  elevaoi6n  del  terreno  pueden  modificar 
considerablemente  este  pcrfodo.  Es  de  advcrtir  que,  a  pesar  de  su 
lento  desarrollo,  la  planta  del  guayide  florece  y  fructifica  dentro  de 
un  ajio  despu6a  de  sembrarse  la  scmilla.  Esta  ultima,  que  es  muy 
abundante,  no  siempre  se  madura  por  completo,  sobre  to<lo  en  las 
regiones  m&s  frias. 

Log  peritos  en  la  materia  calculan  en  75,000  hect^reas  el  area 
donde  se  encuentra  la  planta  del  guayule  en  Mexico,  es  decir,  en  la 
parte  norte  de  los  Estados  de  Zacatecas  y  San  Luis  Potosi,  la  parte 
oriental  de  Durango,  y  especialmente  en  la  parte  sur  de  Coahuila. 
Encu^ntrase  tambi^n  dicha  planta  en  mayor  6  menor  abundancia, 
en  los  Estados  de  Nuevo  Le6n  y  Chihuahua,  en  Mexico,  y  en  Nuevo 
M&cico,  Arizona  y  Texas  en  los  Estados  I^nidos. 

El  Senor  Otto  Egehlek,  presidente  de  la  Compafiia  de  Goma 
Nacional,  cree  que  la  planta  del  guayule  que  se  encuentra  en  los 
Estados  fnidos  no  produce  tanta  goma  como  la  de  ^Ii^xico,  i>ero 
opina  que  podria  explotarse  con  utilidad  donde  haya  abundancia  de 
agua  y  donde  los  tipos  de  flete  scan  moderados.  Kecientemente  se 
organiz6  ima  compafiia  en  Xueva  York  con  el  fm  de  explotar  la 
planta  del  guayide  en  el  oeste  de  Texas,  y  se  ha  de  construir  una 
f&brica  en  Del  Rio,  Estado  de  Texas,  para  la  elaboracion  del  product o. 

El  verdadero  guayule  que  se  conoce  en  el  comercio  es  el  Parflnnbim 
argentatum.  No  debe  confundirse  este  guayid(^  con  una  chise  dc  la 
misma  familia  conocida  por  "Mariola"  (Partlicnium  inrnnuif.)  que 
erece  en  las  mismas  regiones  que  el  verdadero  jzuayule,  y  que  como 
una  planta  productora  de  goma  es  casi  inutil.  Los  rasgos  carac- 
teristicos  de  las  dos  plantas  son  los  siguientes: 

PaHhenitim  argentatum:  Ilojas  y  retonos  tomentosos.  gris  pla- 
teados;  tallocorto;  ramas  cortas  con  corteza  lisa;  hoja.s  lanceoladas, 
de  2  &  5  centfmetros  de  largo  y  de  5  a  15  milimetros  de  ancho,  agudas 
6  enteras  con  un  tercio  lobulos  agudos;  peciolo  delgado  y  largo. 

PartJienium  incanum:  Hojas  y  retonos  tomentosos,  blancjuizcos  6 
parduzcos;  arbusto  muy  ramificado  desde  la  base,  de  30  A  60  centi- 
metros de  alto;  ramas  largas,  de  corteza  rugosa  con  hendeduras 
longitudinales,  hojas  oblongas  li  orales,  peciuenas,  de  25  milimetros 
de  largo  y  2  de  ancho,  profundamente  penatilobulatlas  y  peciolo 
muy  corto. 


170        OFICINA    INTERN  ACIONAL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICAN  AS. 

El  Seiior  Endlich  calcula  que  la  presente  existencia  de  guayule 
asciende  k  375,000  toneladas,  y  funda  su  c&lculo  en  un  promedio  de 
producci6n  que  varia  desde  500  hasta  800  kilogramos  por  hect&rea, 
incluyendo  en  su  calculo  las  regiones  menos  productivas,  en  tanto 
que  la  revista  denominada  ^^The  India  Rubber  World"  cree  que  la 
produccion  natural  asciende  como  a  300,000  toneladas,  de  las  cuales 
de  20,000  k  30,000  toneladas  ya  se  han  explotado.  Se  calcula  que 
el  t^rmino  medio  del  producto  de  goma  de  las  plantas  en  completo 
desarrollo  varia  desde  un  8  hasta  un  11  por  ciento.  Sin  embargo 
algunos  peritos  creen  que  si  se  introducen  mejoras  en  el  procedi- 
iniento  de  extracci6n,  el  producto  puede  Ucgar  hasta  un  18  por  ciento. 

Hasta  1905  los  comerciantes  alemanes  compraron  la  cosecha  del 
guayide  en  los  puntos  donde  se  producfa,  y  embarcaban  para  Ale- 
mania  varios  millarcs  dc  toneladas  de  dicho  producto  &  precios  que 
les  proporcionaban  utilidad.  El  P  de  no^^emb^e  del  afto  de  refe- 
reneia  este  trdfico  se  paraliz6  repentinamente  por  el  hecho  de  que  el 
Gobiemo  mexicano  le  impuso  un  derecho  de  exportacion  casi  pro- 
liibitivo  de  15  pesos  por  tonolada  del  producto  en  su  estado  natural. 
Esta  medida  vino  k  estimular  el  desarrollo  de  la  industria  local,  y 
muchos  particulares  construyeron  febricas  y  se  obtuvieron  conce- 
sioncs  del  Gobiemo  para  explotar  los  terrenos  productores  de  guayule 
por  periodos  que  variaban  desde  quince  hasta  veinte  afios. 

Formdronse  ricas  compailias  para  Uevar  d  cabo  la  explotaci6n  de 
esta  industria,  y  en  la  actualidad  en  el  norte  de  M6xico  existen  10 
graudos  companias  que  cuentan  con  15  fdbricas  en  operaci6n  y  varias 
en  vias  do  C()nstrucci6n,  en  las  cuales  estiin  interesadas  algunos  capi- 
talistas  americanos  prominentes.  Dicese  ([ue  una  de  estas  compa- 
nias— esto  OS,  la  ([ue  se  denomina  '^Continental  Rubber  Company" — 
ha  invortido  20,000,000  do  francos  en  la  compra  de  terrenos,  patentes  y 
en  la  construccion  de  fdbricas,  etc.  La  fiibrica  principal,  situada  en 
Torreon,  tione  una  fuerza  niotriz  de  1,800  caballos,  y  cuenta  con  la 
ma(iuinaria  suficiente  para  tratar  100  toneladas  de  materia  prima 
diariamento.  Ciorta  cantidad  do  guayule  tione  que  ser  transportado 
a  lomo  do  mulas  por  una  distancia  de  mas  de  100  millas,  antes  de 
llogar  a  la  fabrica. 

El  capital  aleman  tambi^n  osta  intoresad<^  en  gran  escala  en  la 
industria  del  guayide,  y  dicese  ({ue  el  Banco  de  Dresde  y  la  casa  de 
Kuupp  lian  invortido  gruesas  siunas  de  dinoro  en  osta  industria. 

El  procodimiento  de  extracoi6n  varia  on  euanto  d  los  detalles,  y 
representa  como  142  patentes  que  han  sido  concedidas  d  inventores 
en  estos  liltimos  anos.  En  euanto  al  procodimiento  c[uimico,  que  por 
lo  general  es  mds  costoso  que  el  mecanico,  pero  que  da  mejor  resultadoy 
los  alcalis  han  sido  reemplazados  con  los  sidfuros  de  carbono. 

El  costo  de  una  tonolada  do  caucho  preparada  con  soda  cdustica 
asciende  como  d  120  pesos.     El  Senor  Marx  cree  que  el  procedi- 


MEXICO.  171 

miento  de  maceraci6n  de  la  materia  prima  y  la  extracci6n  del  caucho 
por  la  acci6n  del  vapor  en  una  solucion  alcalina  es  el  mejor. 

Parece  que  los  procedimientos  mecdnicos  que  en  la  actualidad  se 
emplean  no  reunen  todas  las  condiciones  que  se  requieren.  Dichos 
procedimientos  son  mds  econ6micos,  pero  producen  una  clase  infe- 
rior de  caucho  que  en  el  mercado  aleman  se  cotiza  fi,  3.50  marcos,  en 
comparacion  con  5.50  marcos  que  se  obtienen  por  el  caucho  que  se 
produce  mediantc  el  procedimiento  cjuimico. 

Las  compaftias  interesadas  en  esta  industria  ostan  haciondo  esfuor- 
zos  por  eliminar  el  27  por  ciento  de  substancia  fibrosa,  y  la  mayor 
parte  de  la  resina  que  contiene  el  guayule  c^ue  se  trata  por  el  procedi- 
miento quimico.  Se  han  hecho  experimentos  en  el  uso  del  l)ajj:aso 
como  combustible  para  producir  f uerza  motora,  pero  so  ha  demostrado 
que  el  empleo  de  este  material  dana  muy  pronto  las  calderas.  Es 
probable  que  la  resina  se  separe  de  la  libra  y  se  use  como  un  scgundo 
producto,  y  que  el  residuo  lonoso  se  utilice  en  la  fabricacion  de  papcl. 
El  bagaso  que  se  obtiene  del  guayule  que  se  trata  con  soda  caustica 
contiene  cierta  proporcion  de  caucho  (jue  no  ha  sido  posible  eliminar. 

Los  tallos  de  guayule  secos  (|ue  antes  s61o  valian  815  ])lala  por  tone- 
lada  entregados  en  la  fdbrica,  en  la  actualidad  valen  de  200  a  250 
francos.  El  precio  del  caucho  de  guayule  que  (»n  1 905  en  los  primoros 
embarques  se  fijo  en  1.6  chelin,  subi6  gradualmentc  a  2  cholines,  2.6 
chelines  y  hast  a  3  chelines  en  agosto  de  1906.  En  aquella  6poca  el 
precio  de  dicho  producto  en  el  mercado  de  Xuova  York  bajo  a  25 
centavos  por  li])ra  y  3  marcos  por  kilogramo  on  ITamburgo,  a  causa 
de  las  especulaciones  de  la  **C<mlhiontal  Rubber  Company.'*  De 
entonces  a  aca  el  valor  del  caucho  de  guayule  ha  aumentado  rApida- 
mente,  y  la  mejor  calidad  de  este  producto  rociontomento  se  vendi6  li 
razon  de  65  centavos  la  libra  on  ol  mercado  do  Xuova  York  y  a  5.75 
marcos  por  kilogramo  on  Ilamburgo.  En  ol  mos  do  mayo  pasado,  on 
Amberes  so  vendieron  9  toneladas  de  guayule  de  caucho  a  5  francos 
por  kilogramo.  En  la  actualidad  el  precio  varia  desdo  4  hasta  6.25 
francos,  segtin  clase. 

Considorado  desde  el  punto  de  vista  industrial,  ol  guayule  os  una 
planta  que  produce  caucho  do  una  clase  especial,  blando  y  nias  6 
menos  pegajoso  debido  d  la  presoncia  do  ciorta  cantidad  (algunas 
veces  muy  considerable)  de  resina;  os  dificil  consorvarlo,  y  sii  vul- 
canizaci6n  es  lenta.  Se  haco  nooosario  conocor  porfootamento  la 
manipulaci6n  del  caucho  de  guayule  j)ara  purilicarlo  y  usarlo  inino- 
diatamente  despu6s  (jue  so  tormina  ol  j)r()codimionto  do  dosooacion. 
Las  calidadesde  este  producto  quo  so  obtienen  actualmento,  oxontas 
de  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  oontenido  rosinoso,  ])roporcionan  \\n 
producto  muy  semojante  al  caucho  de  Panama,  con  ol  cual  puode 
confundirse. 


160        OFICINA    INTERNACIONAL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICANAS. 

Ijas  exportaciones  fueron  dcstiiiadas  de  la  manera  expuesta  en  el 
siguicnte  cuadro: 


Valses. 

Tres  primeros  meacs  d6— 

1907-8. 

1906-7. 

Europa 

Pesos. 

19,290,042.27 

500.00 

44,475,372.79 

228.165.95 

19.036.30 

791,919.00 

Pesos. 
16,880,?25.G0 

America  del  Norte -      ......     .     ...                   

35,938,320.54 

Ain^^rica  Central 

262,272.60 

America  del  titir 

26,993.00 

Antillas 

650.487.00 

Total 04.805.036.40  j      53,767,800.74 


De  los  paises  europeos  la  Gran  Bretana  recibo  la  mayor  canti- 
dad  de  las  exportaciones  mexicanas,  liallandose  acreditada  con  9,651,- 
701.59  pesos.  La  siguen:  Alemania,  con  5,523,526.99  pesos;  Fran- 
cia,  con  1,807,648.50;  B61gica,  con  1,175,541.19  pesos,  y  Espafia,  con 
1,109,074  pesos;  otros  paises  aparecen  con  cantidades  de  poca  con- 
sideracion.  En  la  list  a  de  los  paises  compradores,  los  Estados 
Unidos  estan  tambien  a  la  cabeza,  habiendo  tornado  del  valor  total 
de  las  exportaciones  del  triniestre  que  se  exairdna  mercancfas  por 
valor  de  44,402,475.79  ])esos. 

SITUACldN  DE  LA  HACIENDA  PtfBLICA  T  LA  PEBSPECTTVA  QXTE 
PRESENT  A  EL  ASTO  DE  1908-9. 

El  14  de  dicieiubre  de  1907  el  Licenciado  Ives  Limaxtour,  Secre- 
tario  de  Hacienda  de  Mexico,  como  tiene  por  costiimbre  hacerlo  anual- 
mente,  eiivio  al  Con*];reso  Nacional  una  relacion  acerca  de  los  ingresos 
y  egresos  correspondientes  al  afio  economico  de  1906-7  y  el  proyecto 
del  presuj)uesto  (jue  coinprende  un  calculo  de  los  ingresos  y  egresos 
correspondientes  al  ano  d(»  190S-9,  expresundose  el  valor  en  ore 
mexicaiio. 

El  calculo  normal  de  la  reiita  se  fija  en  $103,385,000,  y  el  total  de 
egresos  se  lija  en  Sl()3,20:i,S24.()3,  lo  cual  deja  un  sobrante  de  $181,- 
175.37. 

Al  hacer  comentarios  sobre  la  situacion  econoniica  y  finaneiera  del 
])ais,  el  Secretario  LiMANToru  dice  (^ue  a  la  terniinaci6n  del  afto  de 
1900  se  creyo  (|ue  en  d  sitruiente  afio  no  ocurriria  ning6n  cambio  en  las 
condiciones  <i:eneralnionte  ])r6sperrts  (jue  i)revalecen  en  todos  los 
anibitos  dc  la  Keprtblica,  esperanzas  cjue  se  ban  visto  confirmadas  por 
un  desarroUo  material  y  de  vitalidad  econoniica  que  anuncian  un 
continuado  incn^nuMito  en  todos  los  ramos. 

L(»s  (l(»recli()S  dc  imj><)rtaci6n  y  consulanvs  nuiestran  un  aumento 
considerable,  es  decir,  un  aumento  de  ma-;  d(»  un  10  por  ciento  en  com- 
j)araci6n  con  el  ano  anterior,  j)or  mas  <[Ue  1<js  (ipos  del  arancel  no  se 
ban  <*ainbiado.  La  venta  de  est ampillas  eonumes  tanibi6n  revela  un 
aiinwnio  ijohible  en  la  aclividad  d(»  las  iran.sacciones  nacionales,  & 


MEXICO.  161 

pesar  de  que  en  el  transcurso  del  tiltimo  afio  fiscal  la  tarifa  del  timbre 
fu6  modificada,  haci^ndose  una  reducei6n  bastante  grande  dc  las 
cuotasque  se  imponen  k  la  mayor  parte  de  las  operaciones ;  y  en  cuanto 
&  la  co^tribuci6n  federal  que  se  cobra  sobre  todo  impucsto  6  ingrcso 
que  recaudan  lasoficinas  de  los  Estados  y  de  los  municipios,  tambi^n 
so  advierte  un  incremento  considerable  que  demuestra  que  la  recau- 
dacion  de  los  impuestos  continda  aumentando. 

I^  demanda  de  estampillas  especiales  para  efectuar  el  pago  de  las 
contribuciones  sobre  minas,  tabaco,  bebidas  alcoholicas,  generos  6 
tejidos  de  algod6n  y  explosivos,  tambi^n  indican  un  constante  aumento 
en  las  industrias  sujetas  4  dichas  contribuciones. 

El  producto  del  servicio  postal  y  lineas  telegrdficas  muestra  un 
incremento  considerable,  en  tanto  que  en  el  Distrito  Federal  la  activi- 
dad  en  las  transaeciones  de  bienes  raices  asi  como  en  las  empresas 
comerciales  6  industriales,  consideradas  en  conjuntas,  fu6  mayor  que 
en  los  afLos  anteriores. 

En  cuanto  4  la  producci6n  agricoia  del  ailo,  dicese  que  con  los  datos 
que  ban  podido  obtenerse  es  imposible  predecir  la  utilidad  probable 
de  las  cosechas  del  pais  para  las  necesidades  nacionales.  La  impor- 
tacion  de  mafz  y  trigo  extranjero  constituye  uno  de  los  factores  mas 
importantes  para  determinar  el  estado  del  mercado  monetario  local, 
debido  &  las  grandes  remesas  de  dinero  que  se  han  Iiecho  al  extranjero 
con  motivo  de  las  exigencias  del  estado  actual  financiero. 

La  producci6n  y  exportaci6n  de  metales  preciosos  quo,  junto  con  el 
cobre  y  el  plomo,  representan  mds  de  un  95  por  ciento  de  la  produccion 
mineral,  se  c^lcula  como  sigue:  Produccion  de  oro,  S36,563,89S; 
exportaci6n  de  oro,  $23,873,713;  produccion  de  plata,  877,088,827; 
exportaci6n  de  plata,  $99,861,790.  Estas  cifras  demuestran  que  la 
producci6n  de  oro  ha  permanecido  practicamente  estacionaria,  en 
tanto  que  la  de  plata  muestra  un  aumento  de  $1,483,223  en  compara- 
ci6n  con  1905-6.  La  produc^'ion  de  cobre  y  ])lomo  ha  disminuido 
segtln  las  cifras  anunciadas,  debido  al  hecho  de  liaberse  cerrado  algu- 
nas  de  las  minas  de  metales  de  baja  ley,  al  paso  que  el  cine,  antimonio 
y  otras  substaneias  minerales  se  exportaron  en  mayor  escala. 

El  an4lisis  dc  las  cifras  relativas  al  comorcio  extranjero  de  la  Ile- 
publica  muestra  que  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  en  19()()-7  ascendio 
k  $233,363,388,  en  comparaci6n  con  $220,004,755  en  el  ano  ecoiioniico 
anterior,  lo  cual  muestra  un  aumento  de  813,358,633.  El  valor  de  las 
mercancias  que  entraron  Hbres  de  den^chos  muestra  una  niennti  de 
$1 1 ,000,000,  al  paso  que  el  valor  de  las  mercancias  inij>onihle.s  obtuvo 
un  aumento  de  mds  de  $24,000,000. 

Advi^rteae  un  aumento  en  el  valor  de  las  import  acion(\s  de  subs- 
taneias animales,  materias  textiles  y  sus  produetos,  produetos 
qufmicos  y  farmac^uticos,  y,  en  general,  en  todas  las  j)artidiis  del 
arancel  que  afectan  las  mercancias  iinportadas.     Sin  cu\b\it^T,o,  ^V 


162        OFICTNA    INTERN  ACIONAL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMEBIC  AN  AS. 

aumento  mayor  y  mfi,s  significativo  se  muestra  en  la  maquinaria  y 
aparatos  de  todas  clases,  cuyo  valor,  que  antes  ascendi6  &  $20,410,722 
ha  subido  k  $27,735,743,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  $7,325,020.  Durante 
los  dos  aftos  de  referenda  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  de^carros, 
autom6biles  y  vehfculos  de  todas  clases,  ascendi6  &  $9,000,308  y 
$4,595,157,  respectivamente.  La  disminuci6n  de  $7,871,480  en  el 
valor  de  las  importaciones  de  substancias  minerales  se  debe  al  hecho 
de  que  en  1905-6  se  acuflaron  grandes  cantidades  de  monedas  niexi- 
canas  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  y  aunque  en  1906-7  dichas  transac- 
ciones  ascendieron  k  $23,000,000  fueron  menores  que  en  el  afto  an- 
terior. 

Las  cifras  relativas  d  las  exportaciones  muestran  un  valor  total  de 
$248,018,010,  en  comparaci6n  con  $271,138,809  en  1905-6.  El 
Secret  ario  Limantour  dice  que  esta  aparente  disminuci6n  en  el  valor 
de  las  exportaciones  se  explica  de  la  manera  siguiente : 

'^Enel  presupuesto  del  aiio  pasado  se  expres6  qua  suponiendo 
que  los  $39,000,000  en  oro  que  se  importaron  en  1905-6  di6  per 
resultado  una  export ac ion  artificial  de  pesos  en  plata  en  ima  cantidad 
equivalente,  el  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones,  teniendo  este  hecho 
en  cuenta,  no  fu6  $271,000,000  sino  $232,000,000.  Aceptando  la 
exactitud  de  este  criterio  y  careci^ndose  de  datos  mds  precisos,  puede 
sostencrse  que  por  cuanto  el  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones  en  1906-7 
ascen(li6  k  $248,000,000,  incluyendo  por  lo  menos  13,000,000  de 
.pesos  en  plata  que  fueron  onviados  al  extranjero  en  cambio  de  monedas 
de  oro  mexicana.s  y  extranjeras  que  k  su  vez  se  incluyen  en  el  valor 
de  las  importaciones,  es  neccsario  descontar  la  cantidad  de  refe- 
renda del  valor  de  las  exportaciones,  k  fin  de  que  este  tiltimo  pueda 
calcularse  en  $235,000,000.  Teniendo  en  cuenta  estas  explicaciones 
se  comprende  que  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  product<Js  del  pais 
en  1906-7  excedio  un  poco,  es  decir,  en  $3,000,000  al  de  las  expor- 
taciones de  1905-6.  El  valor  de  estos  (iltimos  excedi6  con  mucho  al 
de  las  cualquier  otro  afio  anterior.'' 

Con  excepcion  del  oro  y  la  plata,  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de 
metalcs  en  el  ano  de  referenda  fu6  como  sigue:  Cobre,  $!?8,800,000 ; 
plomo,  $3,644,739,  y  otros  metalcs  como  cine  y  antimonio,  $4,072,982. 

El  valor  de  los  productos  vegetales  exportados  se  expresa  como 
sigue:  IIenequ(^n,  $31,440,246;  ixtle,  $3,813,176;  c6fe,  $7,237,529; 
tabaco  en  rama,  $1,894,830;  garbanzos,  $4,084,521;  goma  de  mas- 
car,  $2,144,724;  maderas  de  construccion,  $2,169,778;  maderas  de 
tinte,  $739,810;  goma,  incluso  guayule,  $6,678,926,  y  plantas  de 
guayule,  $61,225. 

El  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  chicle  y  el  guayule  que  comenai6  k 
exportarse  hace  cinco  aiios,  en  la  actualidad  excede  de  $6,500,000 
anuales;  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  garbanzos  se  ha  triplicado; 
el  del  ixtle  de  $3,000,000  ha  subido  k  $3,800,000  y  el  valor  del  chicle 


MEXICO.  163 

muestra  iin  amnento  de  50  por  ciento.  El  valor  de  las  exportaciones 
del  henequ6n  se  calcula  aproximadament^  en  $30,000,000,  y  las  can- 
tidades  que  se  han  embarcado  flucttian  desde  82,000  toneladas  liasta 
110,000  que  se  embarcaron  en  1906-7.  El  ano  no  fu6  muy  favorable 
para  el  caf6  cuya  exportaci6n  se  valu6  en  $2,000,000. 

El  valor  de  los  productos  animales  que  se  exportaron  ascendi6  4 
$11,151,928,  lo  cual  muestra  una  baja  de  $571,497  en  comparaci6n 
con  el  afto  anterior.  El  ganado  que  represento  uno  de  los  articulos  de 
exportaci6n  principales  se  export6  por  valor  de  $1,201,693,  y  el  valor 
de  los  cueros  crudos  exportados  ascendi6  k  $8,875,091. 

El  valor  del  azdcar  de  refino  que  se  export6  ascendio  ti  $1,164,339; 
el  del  azticar  sin  purgar  ascendi6  k  $26,612;  la  harina  y  panes  de 
semilla  de  algod6n  se  valuaron  en  $846,280 ;  los  sombreros  de  guano, 
$631,219;  cueros  y  cupieles  curtidos,  $34,883,  y  tabaco  elaborado, 
$493,228. 

Por  la  relaci6n  que  antecede  el  Secretario  Limantour  hace  el  si- 
guiente  resumen  del  comercio  extranjero:  Valor  total  de  las  impor- 
taciones  en  1906-7,  $233,363,388;  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones, 
$248,018,010,  y  el  excedente  del  valor  de  las  exportaciones  respecto 
del  de  las  importaciones  ascendi6  k  $14,654,622. 

Existe  una  gran  diferencia  entre  este  exceso  en  el  valor  y  el  que  se 
muestra  en  los  datos  correspondientes  al  aiio  de  1905-6  que  ascendi6 
&  $51,134,054,  y  tambi6n  existe  diferencia,  aunque  un  poco  menor, 
entre  dicho  exceso  en  el  valor  y  en  el  de  1904-5  que  ascendi6  4 
$30,315,489. 

Al  hacer  comentarios  sobre  lo  que  queda  expuesto  el  Secretario 
Limantour  dice  lo  siguiente:  ^^En  otros  anos  se  han  dado  minuciosas 
explicaciones  acerca  de  aquellos  factores  que  por  mds  que  afectaban 
el  valor  de  las  importaciones  y  las  exportaciones,  no  se  incluyen  ni 
pueden  incluirse  en  los  datos  estadlsticos  fiscales  que  se  limitan  4 
notar  los  productos  naturales  y  fabricados  y  las  cantidades  de 
monedas  que  entran  y  salen.  Tambi^n  se  ha  explicado  que  la  nacion 
mexicana  tiene  que  hacer  anualmente  pagos  de  gran  consideraci6n 
^n  pago  de  los  intereses  devengados  sobreiel  capital  invertido  en  el  pais 
y  de  las  ganancias  que  obtienen  en  las  empresas  conierciales  cuyos 
duefios  residen  en  palses  extranjeros,  y  a  los  precitados  pagos  deben 
aAadirse  los  que  se  hacen  estrictamente  en  pago  de  las  importaciones. 
No  cabe  la  menor  duda  de  que  el  excedente  que  hubo  el  ano  pasado 
en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones,  y  que  ascendi6  a  m^s  de  $14,000,000, 
fu6  del  todo  insuficiente  para  satisfacer  esta  deuda.  Ni  siquiera  el 
excedente  que  se  obtuvo  en  1905-6  y  que  acendi6  k  $51,000,000  fu6 
suficiente  para  hacer  frente  a  dicha  deuda.  A  fin  de  entender  este 
aserto  es  necesario  recordar  que  todos  los  bonos  de  nuestra  deuda 
p6blica,  con  excepci6n  de  una  proporci6n  relativamente  pequena, 
est&n  en  poder  de  extranjeros  y  que  dicha  deuda  exige  un  pago  c\vi^ 


164        OFICINA   INTEBNACIONAL    DE    LAS    BEPUBLICAS    AMEEICAXAS. 

no  baja  de  $24,000,000  anualcs;  que  adem^  de  la  deuda  del  Gobienu^ 
Federal  algunos  dc  los  Estados  y  municipalidades  ban  contniido 
deudas  cuyos  bonos  los  poseen  extranjeros  j  de  los  cuales  el  pago 
anual  asciendc  por  lo  menos  k  $1,000,000;  que  las  compafilas  de 
fcrrocarriles  tienen  que  enviar  al  extranjero  mds  de  $25,000,000  cada 
aiio  en  pago  dd  intereses  de  sus  bonos,  y  que  los  bancos  distribuyen 
anualmente  millones  de  pesos  en  dividendos  fuera  de  la  Rep6blica- 
Todos  estos  detalles,  am^n  del  interns  y  las  ganancias  distribufdas 
por  sociedades  particulares,  en  su  totalida<:l  ascienden  A  una  suma 
que  exceda  con  mucho  a  la  diferencia  que  resulta  4  favor  del  valor 
de  las  export aciones  en  nuestro  comercio  intemacional,  y  por  con- 
secuencia  se  ha  Uegado  a  la  conclusion  de  que  la  diferencia  entre  el 
debe  y  haber,  considerados  como  tales,  respectivamente,  las  remesas 
de  fondos,  las  libranzas,  bonos  y  inercanclas  que  tenemos  que  enviar 
anualmente  al  extranjero  y  que  tenemos  derecho  &  nuestra  vez,  & 
recibir  del  extranjero,  se  pagan  ailo  tras  alio  mediante  la  inversion 
natural  3^  espontanea  en  Mexico  de  capital  extranjero/' 

Se  demuestra  que  el  est  ado  de  los  varios  ferrocarriles  que  fimcionan 
en  toda  la  Ropilblica  es  satisfactorio,  not&ndose  aumentos  en  todos 
los  ramos  del  tnifico.  Las  cifras  correspondientes  al  afto  de  refe- 
rencia  muestran  que  se  condujeron  10,187,121  pasajeros,  6  sea  un 
aumento  de  un  16.7  por  ciento;  que  las  ganancias  derivadas  de  la 
conduccion  de  pasajeros  ascendieron  a  $15,942,776,  6  sea  un  aumento 
de  un  30.7  por  ciento;  (jue  se  transportaron  9,538,354  toneladas  de 
carga,.  que  represcntan  un  aumento  de  un  6.4  por  ciento,  y  que  la 
ganancia  resultanU*  del  trans])orte  de  carga  ascendio  k  $53,520,981, 
6  sea  un  aumento  de  un  9.3  por  ciento. 

El  mayor  aumento  en  la  conduccion  de  pasajeros  ocurri6  en  el 
Ferrocarril  Central  Mexicano,  y  el  aumento  en  la  conducci6n  de 
carga  en  las  lineas  Nacional  y  Central  Mexicanas  hubiera  sido  mayor 
si  lud)ieran  contado  von  un  abastecimiento  adecuado  de  material 
rodante.  i^a  disminucion  en  el  tonelaje  del  Fern>carril  Nacional  de 
Telniantepec,  com])ara(la  con  la  carga  transportada  en  1905-6,  se 
explica  por  liaberse  suspendido  la  conduccion  de  materiales  para  las 
obras  de  ])uertos  en  Salina  Cruz  y  Coatzacoalcos.  Sin  embargo,  esto 
se  compensa  con  el  aumento  en  los  tipos  de  fiete  li  trav^s  del  Istmo, 
de  manera  que  se  ha  anunciado  im  aumento  considerable  en  las  gja- 
nancias. 

El  30  de  junio  de  1907  el  activo  y  pasivo  de  los  bancos  del  pais 
ascendio  a  $723,703,584,  contra  $r)28,S81,834  en  la  misma  fecha  del 
ano  anterior.  El  capital  suscrito  6  social  de  los  bancos  que  el  30  de 
junio  (le  1900  ascendia  a  $146,600,000, en  1907  ascendio  a  $162,600,000, 
mostrandost*  asi  un  aum<»nto  de  $10,()0(),000. 

La  existencia  en  caja  hajo  en  $3,5X3,052,  diminueion  que  sin  duda 
file  ocasionada  por  la  extraccion  <le  pesos  fuertes  con  destino  al 


MEXICO,  165 

extranjero,  que  para  los  bancos  import6  $13,000,000.  La  situaci6n 
monetaria  del  pais  ha  mejorado  muclio  del  alio  pasado  d  esta  parte. 
La  escasez  de  moileda  fraccionaria  que  entonces  prevalecla  ha 
desaparecido  por  complete  y  la  circulaci6n  del  oro  es  mucho  mfis 
abundante.  Nulifica  en  parte  el  incremento  de  estas  dos  clases  de 
moneda,  la  exportaci6n  de  pesos  fuertes  provocada  en  1906-7  por 
la  misma  causa  que  la  determin6  en  1905-6:  el  alza  del  precio  de  la 
plat  a  en  barras  respecto  del  valor  en  oro  de  diclia  moneda.  La  ^ 
cantidad  total  de  acuflaci6n  de  moneda  desde  la  6poca  de  la  instala- 
ci6n  de  la  reforma  monetaria  que  se  efectuo  el  5  de  mayo  de  1905 
hasta  el  30  de  junio  de  1907  ascendi6  a  $95,561,570.  Deduciendo 
de  esta  cantidad  los  $74,416,231  en  pesos  fuertes  que  se  exportaron  y 
los  $14,456,923  que  representan  las  piezas  de  oro  acunadas,  se  demues- 
tra  que  el  aumento  en  la  circulaci6n  de  la  moneda  hasta  el  30  de 
junio  de  1907  ascendi6  &  $5,688,416.  A  lines  de  noviembre  de  1907 
dicho  aumento  se  habia  elevado  &  mds  de  $11,000,000. 

La  Comisi6n  de  Cambios  y  Moneda  ha  desempefiado  sus  funciones 
con  notable  acierto.  Aprovechdndose  de  todas  las  circunstancias 
favorables,  ha  logrado  en  dos  ailos  substituir  casi  todas  las  monedas 
antiguas  por  piezas  acufiadas  en  conformidad  con  la  Ley  del  Regimen 
Monetario  decretada  &  principios  de  1905;  ha  distribuido  la  nueva 
moneda  en  todo  el  territorio  nacional,  haciendo  frente  a  las  numero- 
sas  dificultades  que  la  escasez  6  la  abundancia  del  medio  circulante 
ban  proporcionado  en  cada  localidad ;  ha  atraldo  el  oro  d  la  Repilblica 
en  grandes  cantidades  y  retenido  una  buena  parte  del  que  se  produce 
aquf,  y,  por  tiltimo,  ha  contribuldo  &  mantener  con  firmeza  los  tipos 
de  cambio  con  las  naciones  extranjeras. 

A  principios  de  1907  el  valor  de  los  bienes  raices  y  las  cotizaciones 
de  las  acciones  industriales  de  minas  y  comcrciales  continuaron 
subiendo  y  al  establecer  una  comparacion  con  las  cotizaciones  seme- 
jantes  de  1906  en  general  se  muestran  resultados  satisfactorios.  Sin 
embargo,  &  mediados  de  afio  la  escasez  en  los  mercados  monetarios 
extranjeros  comenzd  &  afectar  la  situacion  mexicana,  y  cada  vez  se 
hacia  m&s  dificil  obtener  la  inversi6n  de  capital  en  empresas  niexi- 
canas.  El  afio  econ6mico  de  1908-9  ha  de  sufrir  las  consecuoncias  de 
esto  estado  an6malo  6  intranquilo,  pero  la  Republica  Mexicana  con- 
tinua  mostrando  vigor  y  vitalidad  en  sus  reciirsos  publicos,  los  cuales 
la  colocan  en  un  puesto  honoroso  entre  las  naciones  del  niundo. 

En  el  c&lculo  del  presupuesto  de  rentas  correspondientes  al  afio 
econ6mico  de  1908-9  el  producto  de  las  contribucioncs  so])re  el 
comercio  extranjero  se  calcula  en  $49,600,000;  el  de  las  contribucioncs 
intemas  se  calcula  en  $32,055,000;  el  de  las  contribucioncs  extraor- 
dinarias  en  el  Distrito  Federal  y  en  los  Temtorios  sc  calcula  en 
$10,930,000;  el  de  losservicios  ptibHcosen  $6,405,000;  cl  <lc  las  rentas 
derivadas  de  los  terrenos  nacionalcs  se  calcula  en  $265,000  y  cl  de 
las  ganancias  y  otras  fuentes  de  renta  menores  se  calcula  en  $4,1 30,000. 


166        OFICINA    INTERNACIONAL   DE   LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMEBICANAS. 

RENTAS  POSTALES  DTJBANTB    1006-7. 

Segtin  estadisticas  recientemente  publicadas  por  la  Direcci6n  Ge- 
neral de  Correos  de  la  Reptiblica  Mexicana,  los  ingresos  que  tuvo  el 
servicio  de  correos  durante  el  aiio  econ6mico  de  1906-7  sumaron  un 
total  de  $4,031,124.86  en  moneda  mexicana,  cantidad  que,  comparada 
con  la  de  $3,653,315.87,  renta  percibida  durante  el  ejercicio  de  1905-6, 
arroja  un  auniento  de  $377,808.99,  6  sea  de  10.34  por  ciento. 

BENTAS  POSTALES,  PBIMEB  TBIMESTBE  DE  1Q07-S. 

Las  rentas  postales  recaudadas  en  la  Reptiblica  Mexicana  en  el 
primer  trimestre  de  1907-8  (julio  &  septiembre  de  1907)  ascendieron  & 
$1,043,065.88  en  moneda  mexicana,  en  comparaci6n  con  la  suma  de 
$939,837.20  que  se  percibi6  en  igual  periodo  del  ejercicio  de  1906-7, 
6  sea  un  aumento  de  $103,228.68  6  de  10.98  por  ciento. 

MEJOBAS  DE  PUEBTOS. 

ha  Comisi6n  de  Defcnsa  del  Istmo  encargada  de  hacer  im  estudio 
de  los  puertos  mexicanos  de  Salina  Cruz  y  Coatzacoalcos,  que  son 
los  t^rminos  por  el  Atlantico  y  por  el  Pacifico  del  Ferrocarril  de 
Tehuantopec,  ha  terminado  su  estudio  de  las  condiciones  existentes 
en  Salina  Cniz,  y  antes  de  mucho  tiempo  seguirA  haciendo  sus  inves- 
tigaciones  en  Coatzacoalcos.  Se  calcula  que  las  obras  de  defensa 
recomendatlas  han  de  costar  $20,000,000,  moneda  mexicana. 

Ilan  do  transcurrir  dos  afios  antes  de  que  los  informes  6  investi- 
gaciones  proliminares  se  terniinen  y  antes  de  que  comiencen  real- 
monte  los  trabaj\)s  do  construcci6n. 

TRiLFIOO  DE  PBOOBESO,  TUCATAN,  EN  EL  PBIMEB  TBI1CB8TBB 

DE  1007-8. 

Durante  los  tros  primoros  meses^  ile  1907-8  se  exportaron  por  el 
PuiTto  do  Progroso,  Yucatan,  25,937,342  kilogramos  de  henequ^n, 
vnlorados  on  $6,323,765  on  moneda  mexicana.  En  el  mismo  trimes- 
tri*  so  iniportaron  por  dicho  puorto  morcancias  nacionales  por  valor 
do  $3,727,500.  y  oxtranjoras  por  valor  do  $2,320,773. 

BASE  DE  LOS  IMPUESTOS  DE  TIMBBE  Y  ADXJANA8  BN  BNBBO  DB 

1908. 

La  circular  monsual  publicada  por  ol  Departamento  de  Hacienda 
do  Mi^xioo  rtiiuncia  (juo  ol  procio  legal  por  kilogramo  de  plata  pura 
durnnto  ol  nios  do  onoro  do  1908  st^ni  ilo  $37.21  moneda  mexicana, 
con  arn^glo  A  los  caloulos  pn\»^critos  en  el  decreto  de  25  de  marzo  de 
1905.  Ksto  pnH»io  si^rvin\  do  basi^  para  ol  pa$]^o  de  los  impuestos  de 
timbri'  v  los  dorochos  do  aduana  cuando  se  use  la  moneda  de  plata 
moxiciuia. 


MEXICO.  16T 

MODIFICAOltfN  BE  LOS  DEBECHOS  SOBBE  EL  AZtfCAB. 

El  Presddente  de  los  Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos  promulg6  el  21  de 
diciembre  de  1907  una  ley  del  Congreso  de  la  Republica  que  reforma. 
la  fracci6n  125  del  arancel  vigente,  de  manera  que  los  derechos  de 
importaci6n  sobre  el  azucar  comiin,  azticar  candi  y  azucar  refinado  de- 
todas  clases,  quedan  aumentados  de  2.50  pesos  por  cada  100  kilo- 
gramos,  peso  bnito,  4  5  pesos  por  cada  100  kilogramos,  peso  bruto. 
Dicha  ley  comenzard  4  regir  d  las  doce  de  la  noche  del  15  de  febrera 
de  1908. 

CONDICIONES  QUE   BIGEN  LA   INDUSTBL^    DEL   GUATTJLE. 

El  C6nsul  General  Gottschalk,  en  la  ciudad  de  Mexico,  ha  trans- 
mitido  un  importante  informe  al  Departamento  de  Estado  de  los 
Elstados  Unidos  que  contiene  varios  datos  relativos  d  las  condiciones 
que  actualmente  rigen  en  la  industria  de  la  goma  de  guayule,  y  el 
peligro  que  en  lo  porvenir  cone  dicha  planta  fi,  menos  que  se  descubra 
un  m^todo  seguro  de  propagarla.  El  Senor  Gottschalk  cree  muy 
importante  el  hecho  de  que  el  valor  de  la  industria  del  guayule,  tal 
como  en  la  actualidad  se  explota,  no  ha  de  durar  mucho  tiempo. 
A  continuaci6n  se  publica  un  resumen  de  dicho  informe: 
Uno  de  los  productos  que  durante  los  dos  tiltimos  anos  ha  llamado 
la  atenci6n  en  todo  el  mundo  es  el  guayule  (Parthenium  argentum} 
que  anteriormente  se  consideraba  nada  m^s  como  una  hierba,  cuya 
mera  prescencia  disminula  el  valor  de  lbs  terrenos,  pero  que  de  la 
noche  &  la  mafiana  se  descubri6  que  tenia  cierta  importancia  comerciaf 
como  una  planta  productora  de  goma.  Los  terrenos  productores  do 
guayule  de  la  parte  norte  de  Mexico  en  seguida  comenzaron  d  ser 
explotados  y  los  precios  de  6stos  se  aumentaron  enormementc,  al 
paso  que  se  instalaron  f  Abricas  principalmente  en  Torreon,  Saltillo  y 
Coahuila,  para  convertir  el  arbusto  en  un  producto  comercial.  Se 
hicieron  contratos  para  la  entrega  de  grandes  cantidades  de  dicho 
arbusto,  y  en  algunos  casos  el  prccio  subi6  fi,  $50  oro  por  tonelada, 
habi^ndose  anunciado  un  rendimiento  de  $1  oro  por  libra.  Como 
resultado  de  este  entusiasmo,  se  investigaron  las  propiedades  de  dicha 
planta,  habi^ndose  obtenido  por  resultado  que  nadie  parecla  tenor 
una  idea  definida  en  cuanto  d  la  continua  propagacion  de  dicha  planta. 
El  dueno  de  una  gran  extensi6n  de  guayule,  le  manifest6  al  Senor 
Gottschalk  que  habla  descubierto,  demasiado  tarde,  que  si  se  tu- 
viese  el  cuidado  de  dejar  fructificar  antes  de  cortarlo,  y  se  sacudiese 
cuidadosamente  la  planta  despu6s  de  haberse  cortado  d  fin  de  que  las 
semillas  cayesen  el  suelo,  este  tiltimo  continuaria  produciendo  dicha 
planta.  Sin  embargo,  como  quiera  que  el  mejor  rendimiento  de  goma 
ha  de  obtenerse  del  corte  de  una  planta  rclativamente  joven,  y 
adem&s,  como  la  semilla  podria  permanecer  latente  6  improductiva. 

24181— Bun.  1—08 ^12 


168        OFICINA    INTERNACTOXAL    DE    LAS    KEPUBLICAS    AMEBICANAS. 

durante  dos  6  tres  aftos,  sc  comprender^  desde  luego  que  el  explotador 
de  goma  ordinario  no  estaria  dispuesto  ^  adoptar  las  precauciones 
nccesarias. 

El  arbusto  del  guayule  que  se  esta  explotando  en  las  fabricas  del 
pais,  crece  en  un  drea  limitada  de  Mexico.  No  se  despliega  ningun 
cuidado  para  recogeria  ni  se  hacen  siembras  ni  la  planta  se  propaga 
de  otra  mancra.  Sin  embargo,  un  eontrato  reciente  celebrado  con  el 
Gobierno  relativo  a  esta  industria,  comprende  ciertas  estipulaciones 
acerca  de  este  asunto. 

Los  subidos  precios  c[uo  ofrecen  las  fabricas  han  liecho  que  dicho 
arbusto  se  recoja  descabelladamente  antes  de  madurarse,  habi^ndoso 
obtenido  por  resultado  que  en  muchos  casos  se  reciben  grandes 
cantidades  de  guayule  c^ue  no  rinden  la  goma  que  debieran  rendir. 

El  Profesor  F.  A.  Lloyd,  ex-catedr4tico  del  Laboratorio  de  Bot&nica 
en  el  Instituto  de  Carnegie  establecido  en  Tucson,  Arizona,  en  los 
Est  ados  Unidos,  al  tratar  de  descubrir  un  medio  de  propagar  la 
planta  de  una  manera  adecuada,  ha  hecho  experimentos  cientilicos 
en  una  de  las  plant  acionos  de  Chihuahua,  pero  hast  a  la  fecha  no  se 
han  anunciado  los  resultados  de  sus  experimentos. 

El  consumo  actual  del  guayule  en  la  region  central  donde  dicha 
industria  se  Ueva  a  cabo  es  como  de  1,000  toueladas  de  la  planta  per 
mes,  y,  por  tanto,  el  Siulor  Gottscilvlk  anuncia  que  los'fabricantes 
Ic  han  manifest  ado  que  sus  empresas  Uegaran  a  su  fin  dentro'de  tres 
d  cuatro  afios,  a  menos  que  se  emploen  m6todos  eficaces  para  la  repro- 
duccion  de  la  planta. 

El  articulo  del  Doctor  Undlich.  ihistrado  con  cuatro  fotografias 
del  guayule  en  su  estado  natural,  y  publicado  en  la  revista  intitulada 
*'Tropenpflanzer"  del  mes  do  julio  de  1907,  puede  citarse  como  uno 
de  los  docmnentos  mas  interesantes  que  se  han  publicado  sobre  este 
tenia.  Dicha  planta  crece  cspecialmente  lozana  en  los  costados  tie 
las  pcndientes,  al  pic  de  las  coliuas  y  montafias,  y  en  las  planicies  & 
una  altura  que  varia  desde  000  hasta  2,000  metros.  El  tamaAo  de 
la  planta  varia  segun  la  edad,  las  ccmdiciones  del  suelo  y  la  localidad, 
y  el  tcrmino  medio  de  su  altura  cs  como  GO  centimetros.  El  ejemplar 
mas  alto  (^uc  se  encontro  en  la  mimtafia  de  Ramirez,  Estado  de 
Coahuila,  tenia  un  l.'M  metros. 

El  guayule  crccc  con  mucha  lent  it  ud.  y  se  supone  que  las  plantas 
que  en  la  actualidad  se  recogen  tcngan  hasta  30  anos  de  edad.  Segun 
la  o[)ini6n  del  Senor  Makx,  el  primer  ano  la  planta  crece  hasta  una 
altura  que  solo  llega  a  lo  centimetros,  y  el  tallo  es  niuy  d£bil.  A 
pesar  de  este  hecho,  florece  y  produce  semillas  desde  dicho  perfoilo, 
pero  no  puede  explotarse  con  provecho  hasta  que  tiene  echo  afios. 
La  planta  no  produce  caucho  hasta  el  terccr  ano,  y  produce  muy  poco 
hasta  el  octavo  ano.  El  Senor  P.  Olsson  Seffer,  el  distinguido 
director  de  la  Estacion  Botanica  y  del   l^aboratorio  de  Zacualpa, 


MEXICO.  169 

Mexico,  dice  que  la  altura  de  las  plantas  que  tienen  tres  6  cuatro 
aflos  de  edad,  llega  k  50  centlmetros,  en  tanto  que  la  de  las  plantas 
que  tienen  seis  aiios  llega  i  75  centimetros,  y  el  t^rmino  medio  del 
peso  es  4  libras.  Por  ccmsiguiente,  no  es  exagerado  calcular  que  la 
eda<l  4  la  cual  el  guayule  puede  explotarse  con  mayor  provecho  es  de 
\ifs  echo  &  los  diez  aiios. 

1^  florescencia  se  verifica  naturalmente  de  septiembre  k  octubre, 
por  m&s  que  la  lluvia  y  la  elevacion  del  terreno  pueden  modificar 
considerablemente  este  perlodo.  Es  de  advertir  que,  4  pesar  de  su 
lento  desarroUo,  la  planta  del  guayule  florece  y  fructifica  dentro  de 
un  alio  despu69  de  sembrarse  la  semilla.  Esta  ultima,  que  es  muy 
abundante,  no  siempre  se  madura  por  completo,  sobre  to<lo  en  las 
regiones  m^  frlas. 

I»s  peritos  en  la  materia  calculan  en  75,000  hectareas  el  area 
dontte  se  encuentra  la  planta  del  guayule  en  Mexico,  es  decir,  en  la 
parte  norte  de  los  Estados  de  Zaeatecas  y  San  Luis  Potosi,  la  parte 
oriental  de  Durango,  y  especialmente  en  la  parte  sur  de  Coahuila. 
Encu^ntrase  tambi^n  dicha  planta  en  mayor  6  menor  abundancia, 
en  los  Estados  de  Nuevo  Le6n  y  Chihuahua,  en  Mexico,  y  en  Nucvo 
Mexico,  Arizona  y  Texas  en  los  Elstados  Unidos. 

El  Senor  Otto  Kgehler,  presidente  de  la  Compania  de  Goma 
Nacional,  cree  que  la  planta  del  guayule  que  se  encuentra  on  los 
Estados  Unidos  no  produce  tanta  goma  como  la  de  Mexico,  pero 
opina  que  podrfa  explotarse  con  utilidad  dondc  haya  abundancia  de 
agua  y  donde  los  tipos  de  flete  sean  moderados.  Ilecientcmente  se 
organiz6  ima  compafiia  en  Nueva  York  con  el  fm  de  explotar  la 
planta  del  guayule  en  el  oeste  de  Texas,  y  so  ha  de  construir  nna 
fjkbrica  en  Del  Rfo,  Estado  de  Texas,  para  la  elaboracion  del  producto. 

El  verdadero  guayule  que  se  conoce  en  el  comercio  es  el  Parthniujn 
arnenintum.  No  debe  confundirse  este  guayule  con  una  cluvse  de  la 
misma  familia  conocida  por  **Mariola"  (Partlienium  incanurn)  que 
crecc  en  las  mismas  regiones  que  el  verdadero  guayule,  y  que  conio 
una  planta  productora  de  goma  es  casi  inutil.  Ijos  rasgos  carac- 
teristioos  de  las  dos  plantas  son  los  siguientes: 

Paiihenium  argentatum:  Hojas  y  rctofios  tomontosos,  gris  pla- 
teadas;  talloeorto;  ramascortas  con  corteza  lisa;  hojas  lanceoladas, 
de  2  a  5  centfmetros  de  largo  y  <le  5  a  15  milimotros  do  anclio,  agudas 
6  enteras  con  im  tercio  lobulos  agudos;  peciolo  dolgado  y  largo. 

Partlitnium  incanum:  Hojas  y  retofios  toinentosos,  blanciuizcos  6 
panluzcos;  arbusto  muy  ramificado  dosde  la  base,  de  30  a  60  conti- 
metros  de  alto;  ramas  largas,  de  corteza  rugosa  con  hendeduras 
longitudinales,  hojas  oblongas  ti  ovales,  pequenas,  de  25  milimetros 
de  lai^o  y  2  de  ancho,  profundamente  penalilobuladas  y  peciolo 
muv  corto. 


170        OFICINA   INTERN ACIONAL   DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMEBICANAS. 

El  Sefior  Endlich  calcula  que  la  presente  existencia  de  guayule 
asciende  4  375,000  toneladas,  y  funda  su  cdlculo  en  un  promedio  de 
producci6n  que  varia  desde  500  hasta  800  kilogramos  por  hect&rea, 
incluyendo  en  su  cdlculo  las  regiones  menos  productivas,  en  tanto 
que  la  revista  denominada  *^The  India  Rubber  World"  cree  que  la 
producci6n  natural  asciende  como  a  300,000  toneladas,  de  las  cuales 
de  20,000  k  30,000  toneladas  ya  se  han  explotado.  Se  calcula  que 
el  t^rmino  medio  del  producto  de  goma  de  las  plantas  en  completo 
desarrollo  varia  desde  un  8  hasta  un  11  por  ciento.  Sin  embargo 
algunos  peritos  creen  que  si  se  introducen  mojoras  en  el  procedi- 
miento  de  extracci6n,  el  producto  puede  llegar  hasta  un  18  por  ciento. 

Hasta  1905  los  comerciantes  alemanes  compraron  la  cosecha  del 
guayule  en  los  puntos  donde  se  producia,  y  embarcaban  para  Ale- 
mania  varios  millares  de  toneladas  de  dicho  producto  &  precios  que 
les  proporcionaban  utilidad.  El  1^  de  noviembre  del  afio  de  refe- 
rencia  este  trdfico  se  paraUzo  repentinamente  por  el  hecho  de  que  el 
Gobiemo  mexicano  le  impuso  un  derecho  de  cxportaci6n  casi  pro- 
hibitivo  de  15  pesos  por  tonelada  del  producto  en  su  estado  natural. 
Esta  medida  vino  a  estimular  el  desarrollo  de  la  industria  local,  y 
muchos  particulares  construyeron  fabricas  y  se  obtuvieron  conce- 
siones  del  Gobiemo  para  explotar  los  terrenos  productores  de  guayule 
por  periodos  que  vaiiaban  desde  quince  hasta  veinte  afLos. 

Form^ronse  ricas  companias  para  Uevar  d  cabo  la  explotaci6n  de 
esta  industria,  y  en  la  actualidad  en  el  norte  de  M6xico  existen  10 
grandos  companias  que  cuentan  con  15  fdbricas  en  operaci6n  y  varias 
en  vias  de  construccion,  en  las  cuales  estan  interesadas  algunos  capi- 
tahstas  aniericanos  prominentes.  Dicese  cjue  una  de  estas  compa- 
nias— esto  es,  la  que  se  denomina  ''Continental  Rubber  Company" — 
ha  invcrtido  20,000,000  de  francos  en  la  compra  de  terrenos,  patentes  y 
en  la  construccion  de  Mbricas,  etc.  La  fabrica  principal,  situaila  en 
Torrc6n,  tiono  una  fuerza  motriz  de  1,800  caballos,  y  cuenta  con  la 
ma(iuinaria  suficiento  para  tratar  100  toneladas  de  materia  prima 
diariamento.  Ciorta  cantidad  do  guayule  tiene  que  ser  transportado 
d  loiuo  do  nudas  por  una  distancia  de  mas  de  100  millas,  antes  de 
llegar  a  hi  fabrica. 

El  capital  alomaii  tambi6n  esta  iuteresado  en  gran  escala  en  la 
nidustria  del  guayule,  y  diceso  (lue  el  Banco  de  Dresde  y  la  casa  de 
Kuupp  han  invcrtido  grucsas  sumas  de  dinero  en  esta  industria. 

El  procedimiento  de  cxtraccion  varia  en  cuanto  d  los  detalles,  j- 
rc[)resenta  como  142  patentes  que  han  si(hi  concedidas  &  inventoros 
en  ostos  liltimos  anos.  En  cuanto  al  procedimiento  quimico,  que  por 
lo  general  cs  mas  costoso  que  el  mecanico,  pero  que  da  mejor  resultado, 
los  alcalis  han  sido  recmplazados  con  los  sulfuros  de  carbono. 

El  costo  de  una  tonelada  de  caucho  preparada  con  soda  c&ustira 
asciende  como  a  120  pesos.     El  St^^or  Marx  cree  que  el  proce«li- 


MEXICO.  171 

riiiento  de  maceraci6n  de  la  materia  prima  y  la  extracci6n  del  caucho 
por  la  acci6n  del  vapor  en  una  soluci6n  alcalina  es  el  mejor. 

Parece  que  los  procedimientos  mecdnicos  que  en  la  actualidad  se 
emplean  no  reunen  todas  las  condiciones  que  se  requieren.  Dichos 
procedimientos  son  mds  econ6micos,  pero  producen  una  clase  infe- 
rior de  caucho  que  en  el  mercado  alemto  se  cotiza  4  3.50  marcos,  en 
comparaci6n  con  5.50  marcos  que  se  obtienen  por  el  caucho  que  se 
produce  mediante  el  procedimiento  quimico. 

Las  compaiiias  interesadas  en  esta  industria  estto  haciendo  esfuer- 
zos  por  eliminar  el  27  por  ciento  de  substancia  fibrosa,  y  la  mayor 
parte  de  la  resina  que  contiene  el  guayule  que  se  trata  por  el  procedi- 
miento quimico.  Se  han  hecho  experimentos  en  el  uso  del  bagaso 
como  combustible  para  producir  fuerza  motora,  pero  se  ha  demostrado 
que  el  empleo  de  este  material  dafta  muy  pronto  las  calderas.  Es 
probable  que  la  resina  se  separe  de  la  fibra  y  se  use  como  un  segundo 
producto,  y  que  el  residuo  lenoso  se  utilice  en  la  f abricaci6n  de  papel. 
El  bagaso  que  se  obtiene  del  guayule  que  se  trata  con  soda  c^ustica 
contiene  cierta  proporcion  de  caucho  que  no  ha  sido  posible  eliminar. 

Los  tallos  de  guayule  secos  que  antes  s61o  valian  $15  plata  por  tone- 
lada  entregados  en  la  fdbrica,  en  la  actualidad  valen  de  200  k  250 
francos.  El  precio  del  caucho  de  guayule  que  en  1905  en  los  primeros 
embarques  se  fijo  en  1.6  chelfn,  subi6  gradualmente  k  2  chclincs,  2.6 
ohelines  y  hasta  3  chelines  en  agosto  de  1906.  En  aquella  6poca  el 
precio  de  dicho  producto  en  el  mercado  de  Xueva  York  bajo  (i  25 
centavos  por  libra  y  3  marcos  por  kilogramo  en  Hamburgo,  k  causa 
de  las  especulaciones  de  la  '* Continental  Rubber  Company.^^  De 
entonces  k  aca  el  valor  del  caucho  de  guayule  ha  aumentado  r^pida- 
mente,  y  la  mejor  calidad  de  este  producto  recientemente  se  vendi6  a 
raz6n  de  65  centavos  la  libra  en  el  mercado  de  Xueva  York  y  a  5.75 
marcos  por  kilogramo  en  Hamburgo.  En  el  mes  de  mayo  pasado,  en 
Amberes  se  vendieron  9  toneladas  de  guayule  de  caucho  k  5  francos 
por  kilogramo.  En  la  actualidad  el  precio  varia  desde  4  hasta  6.25 
francos,  segtin  clase. 

Considerado  desde  el  punto  de  vista  industrial,  cl  guayule  es  una 
planta  que  produce  caucho  de  una  clase  especial,  blando  y  mds  6 
menos  pegajoso  debido  d  la  prescncia  de  cierta  cantidad  (algunas 
veces  muy  considerable)  de  resina;  es  dificil  conservarlo,  y  su  vul- 
canizacion  es  lenta.  Se  hace  necesario  conocer  perfectamente  la 
manipulaci6n  del  caucho  de  guayule  para  purificarlo  y  usarlo  inme- 
diatamente  despufe  que  se  termina  el  procedimiento  de  desecacion. 
Las  calidadesdeeste  producto  que  se  obtienen  actualmente,  exentas 
de  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  contenido  resinoso,  proporcionan  \m 
producto  muy  semejante  al  caucho  de  Panamd,  con  el  cual  puede 
confundirse. 


172        OFICIXA    INTERXACIONAL   DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICAXAS. 

El  guayule  es  un  producto  6til  que  tiene  demanda  permanente  en 
el  mercado,  y  cuyo  valor  ha  de  aumentar  con  arreglo  &  las  mejoras  que 
se  introduzcan  en  los  procedimientos  de  extracci6n.  Sin  embargo,  la 
planta  del  guayule  no  abunda  tanto  como  al  principio  se  suponfa,  y 
si  bien  es  verdad  que  las  fabricas  podrto  tener  un  abastecimiento 
suiiciente  de  dicho  producto  para  satisfacer  sus  demandas  durante 
algunos  anos,  no  es  menos  cierto  que  s61o  puede  suministr&rseles 
permanentemente  por  medio  del  cultivo,  y  este  problema  a}>enas  se 
ha  estudiado  hasta  ahora. 

Tanto  el  Seiior  Olsson  Seffer,  como  la  revista  intitulada  ''La 
Vida  Tropical,"  creen  que  el  cultivo  del  guayule  no  puede  llevarse  k 
cabo  con  6xito  en  terrenos  secos  6  sin  irrigaci6n.  El  experimento 
que  hizo  el  Senor  Hoffmann  trasplantando  la  planta  del  guayule  en 
surcos  irrigados,  muestra  que  un  80  }>or  ciento  de  las  plantas  tras- 
plantadas  prendieron  y  se  desarrollaron,  al  paso  que  en  los  terrenos 
secos  6  sin  irrigaci6n,  solo  prendieron  y  se  desarrollaron  \m  25  per 
ciento. 

En  cuanto  al  problema  del  cultivo  de  dicha  planta,  los  dos  factores 
principalea  que  han  de  tenerse  en  cuenta  son  el  suelo  y  el  clima. 
El  Seiior  Endlicu  cree  que  el  terreno  propicio  para  el  cultivo  de  la 
expresada  planta  debe  contener  de  un  20  d  un  30  por  ciento  de  materia 
calcarea,  y  una  cantidad  suiiciente  de  humus  para  disminuir  la  evapo- 
racion  y  estimular  el  rapido  crecimiento  y  desarroUo  de  este  dtil 
arbusto  productor  de  goma. 


NICARAGUA. 

MENSAJE  DEL  PBESIDENTE  J.  SANTOS  ZELAYA. 

El  (Ha  1°  (le  dociembre  de  1907  el  Pre.>idente  de  Nicaragua  dirigid 
un  importante  monsaje  a  la  Asamblea  Legislativa  Xacional,  en  el  cual 
se  haco  una  resefia  de  los  tral)ajos  del  Ejecutivo  durante  los  dos 
aflos  anteriores. 

En  dicho  mensaje  se  liace  especial  mencion  de  los  trastomos 
intestinos  de  los  Estados  indopendientes  de  la  America  Central  que 
dieron  por  resultado  la  Conferencia  de  Washington  en  pro  del  mante- 
nimionto  do  la  paz. 

En  cuanto  a  las  rehuiones  con  los  Estados  Unidos,  el  Presidente 
Zelaya  dice  que  "Su  Excelencia  el  Presidente  Theodore  Roose- 
velt, en  todas  las  recientcs  dificultades  Cent roameric anas  ha ofrecido 
graciosamente  sus  aniistosos  servicios  hacia  la  reconciliaci6n.  Puedo 
aseguraros  que  muestras  relaciones  con  los  Estados  I'nidos  de  America 
son  sinceras  y  cordiales,  pues  las  jKHjueuas  diferencias  que  han  sur- 
gido  acerca  de  algunos  contratos  que  mi  Gobierno  celebr6  con  los 
ciudadanos  amerioanos,  Herbert  Emery  y  Samuel  Weil,  estoy 
seguro  de  que  se  han  de  arreglar  satisfactoriamente." 


NICARAGUA.  173 

El  Presidente  tambi^n  anuncia  el  resultado  satisfactorio  de  la 
misi6n  del  Sefior  Don  J.  D.  Gomez,  Ministro  de  Relaciones  Exte- 
riores,  que  visit6  fi,  los  Estados  Unidos  y  Mexico  como  un  agente  per- 
sonal y  confidencial,  con  el  fin  de  discutir  los  asuntos  relativos  4  la 
America  Central. 

EI  Tratado  de  Amistad,  Comercio  y  Navegacion,  asi  como  la  Con- 
venci6n  Consular  con  el  Imperio'Alemdn,  lian  sido  prorrogados  por 
diez  ailos.  Se  han  celebrados  tratados  con  la  Gran  Bretana  que 
comprenden  el  reconycimiento  de  la  soberania  de  Nicaragua  sobre  la 
Resorva  Mosquitia  y  la  anulaci6n  de  los  privilegios  del  puerto  de 
San  Juan  del  Norte. 

Tambi^n  se  han  celebrado  tratados  de  amistad,  comercio  y  nave- 
gaci6n  con  Italia  y  con  B^lgica,  el  de  extradici6n  y  la  convencion 
Consular. 

Se  est^n  tomando  medidas  importantes  para  recoger  datos  estadis- 
ticos  y  efectuar  la  codificacion  de  las  leyes  comerciales,  en  tanto  que 
el  Ejecutivo  recomienda  urgentemente  roformas  legislativas. 

COMPAIMA  PAJSIA  UL  EXPLOTACldN  DE  HUIiABES  NACIONALES. 

El  d!a  18  de  octubrie  de  1907  el  Presidente  de  la  Rcpublica  de  Nica- 
ragua aprobo  la  escritura  de  sociedad  de  la  ^^  Atlantic  Industrial  Com- 
panifj''  formada  con  el  objeto  de  explotar  los  hulares  nacionales 
existentes  en  el  Departamento  de  Zelaya,  distritos  de  Prinsapolka  y 
Rio  Grande,  y  en  la  montana  de  Bocay,  que  abraza  los  bosques  de 
Jinotega  y  Comarca  de  Cabo  de  Gracias  a  Dios,  y  una  pequefia 
cuchilla  del  Departamento  de  Segovia;  la  compafiia  se  dedicar^ 
tambi^n  d  otros  negocios  que  tienen  relacion  con  la  extraccion  y  expor- 
taci6n  del  hulc.  El  capital  de  la  sociedad  es  de  $300,000,  y  es  c^siona- 
ria  de  la  concesi6n  que  hizo  el  Gobiemo  k  los  Sefiores  Don  Francisco 
Guerrero  y  General  Don  Juan  de  Dios  Moreika  para  la  explolacion 
de  los  hulares  naciojiales  mencionados,  por  el  termino  de  diez  afios  a 
contar  desde  el  10  de  septiembre  de  1905. 

LET  DE  MABCAS  DE  FABBICA. 

La  "Gaceta  OficiaP^  de  20  de  noviembrc  de  1907  pul)lica  cl  texto 
de  la  nueva  Ley  de  Marcas  do  F^brica,  que  sc  da  a  continuacion : 

ARxfcuLO  1.  El  Estado  ampara  dentro  de  su  territorio  la  propiedad 
exclusiva  de  las  marcas  de  fdbrica  y  de  comercio  autorizadas  en 
conformidad  con  esta  ley. 

Art.  2.  Marca  de  fdbrica  6  de  comercio  os  el  signo  especial  aplicado 
a  un  producto  agrlcola  6  industrial,  6  6  un  articulo  morcantil,  para 
advertir  al  publico  su  procedencia  y  diferenciarlo  de  los  demds  pro- 
ductos  de  su  misma  especie. 


174        OFICINA    INTERNACIONAL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICAN  AS. 

Art.  3.  La  designaci6n  del  signo  que  ha  de  constitulr  una  marca 
corresponde  al  productor  del  artlculo  para  el  cual  se  destina,  pero  no 
podrd  usarse  en  la  Reptiblica  como  marcas: 

I.  Las  denominaciones  gen^ricas,  los  simples  nombres  geogr&ficos 
y  los  de  individuos  6  asociaciones,  4  menos  que  la  marca  contenga, 
adem&s,  otros  distintivos  que  sirvan  para  singularizar  el  objeto  al 
cual  se  destina. 

II.  Todo  signo  que  est 6  en  pugna  con  la  moral  6  que  tienda  k  ridi- 
culizar  ideas,  personas,  objetos  6  instituciones  que  d  juicio  del 
Ministerio  de  Fomento  sean  dignos  de  general  consideraci6n. 

HI.  Las  armas,  escudos  y  emblemas  nacionales. 

IV.  Las  armas,  escudos  6  emblemas  de  naciones,  estados  6  corpo- 
raciones  politicas  extranjeras,  sin  su  respectivo  consentimiento. 

V.  Los  nombres,  firmas  y  retratos  de  personas  existentes  sin  su 
consentimiento. 

VI.  Las  marcas  id^nticas  6  substancialmente  parecidas  &  las  que 
ya  estuvieren  registradas  cuando  se  pretenda  amparar  en  las  prime- 
ras,  productos  de  la  misma  clase  de  los  protegidos  por  las  tiltimas. 

Art.  4.  El  Gobierno  establecera  una  oficina  especial  de  registro  de 
marcas.  Mientras  tanto  tendra  estas  atribuciones  la  Direcci6n 
General  de  Obras  Ptiblicas,  y  el  jefe  de  6sta  se  encargari  de  dicho 
registro. 

Art.  5.  Las  solicitudes  de  registro  deberdn  ser  presentadas  en 
papel  del  sello  sexto  al  ifinisterio  de  Fomento,  suscritas  por  el  intere- 
sado  6  por  su  representante,  provisto  por  lo  menos  de  una  carta-poder 
aut^ntica  y  con  tendra  lo  siguiente: 

(a)  El  nombre  del  propietario  de  la  marca,  su  domicilio  y  nacio- 
nalidad. 

(h)  El  nombre  y  ubicacion  de  la  fabrica  6  establecimiento  donde 
se  produce  el  articulo  a  que  se  destina  la  marca. 

((•)  La  dosignaci6n  y  descripcion  de  los  objetos  6  productos  ([ue 
con  la  marca  so  pretende  singularizar. 

((])  Descripcion  de  la  marca  ilustrada  con  un  facsimil  de  la  misnia, 
reproducido  en  tres  ejemplares. 

(( )  En  el  caso  de  ([ue  la  marca  se  ponga  en  hueco  6  relieve  6  de  que 
represente  alguna  otra  particularidad  (jue  no  pueda  hacerse  conocer 
de  modo  grufico,  se  presentaran  dos  ejemplares  iguales  con  indicaci6n 
de  pormenores  y  detalles. 

Art.  G.  El  registro  de  toda  marca  ocasiona  un  derecho  de  25  pesos 
y  debera  renovarse  cada  diez  anos.  El  retardo  en  la  renovaci6n  no 
produce  la  perdida  de  los  derechos  al  uso  exclusivo  de  la  marca,  pero 
mientras  aqu611a  no  se  Ileve  &  cabo,  el  interesado  no  tendrA  accion 
para  perseguir  a  los  falsificadores  de  la  marca  y  del  artlculo  que  &ta 
protege. 


NICARAGUA.  175 

Art.  7.  Presentada  una  solicitud  sobre  registro  de  marca,  el  Minis- 
tro  de  Fomento  pedira  informe  al  jefe  de  la  oficina  de  registro.  Este 
funcionario  hari  iin  examen  de  los  documentos  presentados  para 
ccrciorarse  de  si  estdn  llenados  los  reqiiisitos  de  ley,  y  evacuar^  el 
informe  consiguiente  dentro  de  tercero  dla.  Si  fuere  favorable,  el 
Ministro  de  Fomento  dard  la  orden  para  que  se  registre,  previo  pago 
de  los  derechos  respectivos. 

Art.  8.  El  registro  de  una  marca  se  harfi,  siempre  sin  perjuicio  de 
tercero  y  bajo  la  exclusiva  responsabilidad  del  solicitante. 

Art.  9.  Hecho  el  registro,  el  jefe  de  la  oficina  expedird  al  interesado 
la  certificaci6n  del  caso  en  papel  del  sello  primero,  documento  que 
constituye  el  titulo  al  uso  exclusivb  de  la  marca. 

Art.  10.  Las  cuestiones  que  puedan  surgir  sobre  el  derecho  al  uso 
exclusivo  de  una  marca,  sobre  la  prioridad  de  su  registro  y  sobre  su 
entidad  con  otras  ya  registradas,  serdn  resueltas  por  los  tribunales 
ordinarios. 

Art.  11.  Cuando  haya  habido  cuesti6n  judicial  se  registrar^  la 
sentencia  (jue  cause  ejecutoria  y  se  insertard  en  el  certificado  de 
registro. 

Art.  12.  Cada  vez  que  se  presente  una  solicitud  para  el  registro  de 
una  marca  de  que  trata  el  artlculo  5,  el  ilinisterio  la  hard  publicar 
en  el  peri6dico  oiicial  por  tres  meses  consecutivos. 

Vencidos  los  noventa  (Has,  si  no  se  hubiere  presentado  oposicion, 
el  Ministerio  acordard  otorgar  al  solicitante  el  titulo  de  propiedad  de 
la  marca,  el  cual  se  extender^  en  un  pliego  de  papel  del  sello  primero. 

Art.  13.  Si  hubiere  habido  oposici6n,  el  Ministerio  ordenard  &  las 
partes  que  ventilen  sus  derechos  ante  el  juez  comun  correspondiente, 
y  en  tal  caso  no  extender^  el  titulo  sino  &  aquefa  quien  por  sentencia 
ejecutoriada  se  hubiere  declarado  de  mejor  derecho. 

Art.  14.  Las  marcas  de  fdbrica  no  se  transmiten  sino  con  el 
establccimiento  productor  de  los  objetos  a  que  sirven  de  distincioii. 
En  consecuencia,  la  transmision  de  una  marca  lleva  consigo  el  derecho 
de  explotacion  imhistrial  6  comercial  de  los  productos  amparados 
por  ella.  La  transmisi6n  no  estd  sujeta  a  ninguna  formalidad  especial 
y  .se  verificara  conforme  al  derecho  comun,  pejp  deberd  ser  registrada 
en  la  ofic'ina  de  marcas,  sin  cuyo  requisito  no  producira  efecto  contra 
tercero. 

Art.  15.  EI  registro  de  una  marca  sera  nulo  cuando  se  haya  hecho 
contraviniendo  &  las  disposiciones  de  csta  ley,  asi  como  cuando  la 
marca  registrada  lo  haya  sido  con  anterioridad  por  otro,  en  cuyo 
caso  sera  dcclarada  judicialmente  la  nulidad  a  petici6n  de  parte. 

De  la  sentencia  de  nulidad  se  dard  conocimiento  al  Ministerio  de 
Fomento  por  el  juez  6  tribunal  que  hubiere  conocido  de  ella  en  liltima 
instancia. 

Art.  16.  La  acci6n  para  pedir  la  nulidad  del  registro  de  una  vw^lyq.^ 
coiresponde  &  cualquiera  que  se  crea  perjudicado  pot  fe\,  V^YcJwvfeci 


176        OFIGIXA    INTERNACIONAL    DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICANAS. 

podr&  (leclucirla  el  J^Iinisterio  Pilblico  en  las  cases  en  que  hava  algdn 
in  teres  general. 

Art.  17.  Las  cuestiones  sobre  nulidad  de  que  trata  el  articulo 
anterior  seran  decididas  por  los  tribunales  ordinaries,  y  la  sentencias 
ejccutorias  que  contengan  tales  decisiones  se  registrarfin  en  la  oficina 
respectiva. 

Art.  18.  Se  consideraran  reos  del  delito  comprendido  en  el  articulo 
319  del  C6digo  Penal,  y  seran  castigados  con  las  penas  en  ^1  esta- 
blecidas  los  siguientes: 

(a)  Ijos  que  pongan  a  los  articulos  6  ai-tefactos  que  expendan  6 
fabriquen  una  niarca  ya  registrada  legalmente  a  favor  de  otra  per- 
sona. 

(6)  Los  que  pongan  a  los  articulos  6  artefactos  que  expendan  6 
produzcan  una  marca  que  sea  imitacion  <le  la  legalmente  registrada, 
de  tal  modo  que  a  primera  vista  se  confundan  con  la  legal. 

(r)  Los  que  pongan  a  los  articulos  niencionados  una  niarca  que 
aunqne  legalmente  registrada  se  haga  aparecer  como  si  fuere  otra 
por  cualquiera  adicion,  sustraccion  6  alteracion. 

((/)  Los  que  pongan  en  vonta  6  circulacion  efectos  marcados  en 
las  circunstancias  que  expresan  los  incisos  anteriores. 

Art.  19.  Los  articulos  6  artefactos^  objeto  de  los  delitos  expresados 
en  el  articulo  anterior,  caerin  en  comiso:  pero  cuando  el  dueilo  de 
ima  marca,  legalmente  registrada,  se  hubiere  constituido  acusador, 
tendnt  derecho  it  que  se  le  adjudiquen  todos  los  productos  que  se 
encuentren  revestidos  con  la  marca  ileg.nl,  ya  est6n  en  po<ler  del 
delincuente,  ya  en  poder  de  un  comLsionista  6  consignatario. 

Art.  20.  Las  marcas  do  fabrica  se  conservardn  &  perpetuidad 
en  la  oficina  de  registro,  asi  como  los  libros  en  que  se  consignarun 
sus  dctallcs  correspondicntes;  unos  y  otros  podran  ser  examinados 
por  el  (|Uo  los  solicite  durante  las  boras  (jue  para  tal  objeto  se  designeu 
y  podran  ol)tcner  a  su  costo,  copia  certiiicada  del  registro,  mediante 
el  pago  del  derecho  de  un  peso  ])()r  cada  cerlificacion  que  se  expida, 
ademas  de  lo  escrito. 

Art.  21.  Xo  se  consideran  como  marca  hi  forma,  color,  locuciones 
6  designaciones  (jue  no  constituyc^n  por  si  solas  el  signo  determinante 
de  la  especiahchid  para  el  conu»rcio  de  un  producto  industrial. 

Art.  22.  I^a  duracioii  de  la  propiedad  de  las  marcas  de  f&brica 
es  indefini(hi:  pero  se  entendera  abandonada  por  la  clausura  6  falta 
de  produccion  i)or  mas  dc  un  afio  del  establecimiento,  f^hrica  6 
negociacion  en  (\\iv  se  haya  empleado. 

Art.  2.S.  Quedan  c()mi)rendidos  en  las  disposiciones  de  esta  lev 
los  (Hbujos  y  ukkIoIos  industriales. 

AuT.  21.  Las  prescripciones  de  la  f)resrnte  ley  se  aplicarfin  on 
todo  a(|U(*llo  (\nr  no  se  oponga  a  los  pa<'tos  internacionales  sobre 
hi  jnntrriii,   especialmente  sobre  marcas  dr  coniercio  y  de  f&brica 


SALVADOR.  177 

celebrados  durante  la  Segunda  Conferencia  Internacional  Americana 
el  27  de  enero  de  1902. 

Art.  25.  Esta  ley  comenzar^,  k  tener  sus  efectos  desde  la  fecha  de 
8U  pubUcaei6n  en  la  '^Gaceta  Qficial." 


HXJBVO    SEBVICIO    DE    VAPORBS   ENTRE     NTTEVA    YORK    Y     EL 

CALLAO. 

For  virtud  de  la  inauguraci6n  del  nuevo  servicio  de  vapores  que  la 
Corapaflia  Nacional  de  Vapores  y  Diques  del  Callao  ha  de  establecer 
entre  Xueva  York  r  el  Callao,  via  Panama,  sc  obtendrd  un  gran 
adelanto  econ6mico  en  las  relaciones  comerciales  de  ambos  puertos. 
Esta  empress^  que,  segtin  se  espera,  ba  de  estar  operando  por  completo 
A  principios  de  1908,  cuenta  con  un  capital  de  $15,000,000  y  percibird 
una  subvencion  de  $1  ^500,000  del  Gobierno  Peruano.  En  la  actualidad 
se  est^n  const  my  endo  para  ella  en  Inglaterra  vapores  rdpidos,  y  la 
empresa  se  propone  hacer  el  viaje  de  Panama  al  Callao  en  cinco  dias 
en  vez  de  once  6  doce  dias,  que  es  el  tiempo  que  en  la  actualidad  se 
toman  los  vapores. 

El  puerto  del  Callao  es  el  mas  importante  que  hay  en  el  Pacifico 
entre  San  Francisco  y  Valparaiso^  y  no  cabe  duda  de  que  la  rapidez 
en  el  despacho  de  sus  transacciones  comerciales  con  los  puertos  de 
Europa  y  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  que  esta  nueva  linea  de  vapores 
ha  de  proporcionar,  dard  un  gran  impulso  al  desarrollo  del  preci- 
tado  puerto. 

BENTAS  ADTTANEBAS  DE  laiHTOS  EN  LOS  DIEZ  PRIMEROS  MESES 

DE  1907. 

I^s  ingresos  que  percibi6  la  aduana  fluvial  de  Ljuitos,  Peru, 
durante  los  diez  primeros  meses  del  ano  1907,  hicioron  la  suma  do 
£217,303.  3.  33,  en  comparacion  £139,754.  8.  32,  suma  recaudada 
en  igual  periodo  de  1906. 

FEBBOCABBrL  DE  CT7ZCO  A  LA  CONVENCldX. 
Con  fecha  12  de  septiembre  de  1907,  la  Camara  do  Diputados 
del  Congreso  Peruano  aprob6  un  proyecto  de  ley  rolativo  a  la  cons- 
tnirci6n  de  un  ferrocarril  que,  partiendo  de  la  ciudad  do  Cuzco,  y 
atravpsando  las  Provincias  de  Calca  y  Unibamba,  6  la  do  Anta  y 
I'rubamba,  llegue  hasta  Santa  Ana,  Capital  de  la  Provincia  de  la 
Convencion. 

SALVADOR. 

RENTAS  ADTJANERAS  DEL  PRIMER  TRIMESTRE  DE  1907. 

Durante  el  primer  trimestre  de  1907  las  aduanas  do  la  Kopublica 
de  El  Salvador  rindieron  al  fisco  una  renta  total  ile  1 ,087,249.45  pesos 
que^  eomparada  con  la  percibida  en  igual  periodo  de  1 906,  arro\«t  \m^^ 
disminuci6n  de  291,808.85  pesos. 


178        OFICINA   INTERN ACIONAL   DE    LAS   REPUBLICAS   AMEBICANAS. 

URUGUAY. 

RENTA  DE  ADTJANAS  EN  LOS  DIEZ  MESES  DE  1907. 

La  renta  do  aduana  del  Uruguay  correspondiente  al  mes  de  octubre 
de  1907  ascendio  a  $1,014,719.84,  en  comparaci6n  con  $1,127,889 
en  el  mismo  mes  de  1906,  niostrandose  asi  una  baja  de  $113,169,000. 

En  los  diez  meses  quo  terniinaron  en  octubre  de  1907  dicha  renta 
muostra  un  aumento  de  $265,232,  en  comparaci6n  con  el  perio<lo 
correspondiente  del  ano  anterior,  puesto  que  las  sumas  totales  de 
los  dos  afios  ascendieron  a  $11,271,871  y  $11,006,639,  respectivar 
niente,  de  enero  a  octubre,  inclusive. 

CONTRIBTJCldN  SOBRE   LAS   COJULPAStAS   DE   SEaUBOS  EXT&AH- 

JERAS. 

Entro  las  prescripciones  de  la  ley  sobre  impuestos  del  Uruguay 
correspondiente  d  1908,  tal  como  la  ha  presentado  la  legislatura  al 
Gobierno  y  sancionada  prdcticaniente,  constituye  una  cUusula  por 
virtud  de  la  cual  la  contribucion  que  so  impone  sobre  los  premios 
que  cobran  las  conipafiias  de  se^uros  extranjeras  en  la  Repdblica, 
de  un  3  por  cionto  so  lia  elevado  a  un  7  por  ciento.  Tanto  &  las 
companias  nacionalos  conio  a  las  extranjeras  se  les  exige  que  presten 
una  fumza  considerable  como  garantia  para  el  Gobierno. 

RENTA  MUNICIPAL  DE  MONTEVIDEO. 

En  1005-0  la  renta  municipal  de  Montevideo  ascendi6  & 
$1,440,108.74,  en  comparacion  con  $1,265,250.60  en  el  ano  economico 
anterior.     Estas  cifras  son  las  mas  altas  que  se  ban  recaudado  en 

sic  to  an  OS. 


LA  AMKIUCA  COMKHCIAL  EN  1906. 

La  Oficina  dc  Kstadistica  del  Dcpartamento  de  Comercio  y  Trabajo 
do  los  Est  ados  Unidas  acaba  de  publicar  una  monogi'afia  intitulacia 
^'Cotninirrlal  Afntrira  in  lOOG.^'  Diclio  trabajo  dice  que  el  valor 
total  (Id  comercio  oxtranjero  do  todos  b)s  paises  americanos  on  el 
rtltimo  ano,  acerca  del  cual  so  ban  podido  obtonerdatos  estadCsticos, 
asciondo  a  $5,50(),()0(),(M)0  on  numorosrod<mdos,delos  $27,000,000,000, 
li  (pie  asciondo  ol  valor  total  del  comercio  intornacicmal  del  mundo. 

Do  osto  total  do  $5,500,000,000  do  valor  del  comercio  de  toda 
la  America,  los  Estados  Unidos  roprosontan  $3,000,000,000,  y  los 
doinas  paisos  do  America,  incluyondo  Las  Antillas,  representan 
$2,5()(),0()(),0()0. 

ConsidcTando  soparadamonto  ol  valor  de  las  importaciones  y  expor- 
tacionos,  ol  valor  total  do  las  importaciones  de  toda  la  America  se  iija 
en  $2/25(),()00,()()0,  on  tanto  ([\w  ol  do  las  export aciones  so  Iija  en 


LA  AMERICA   COMERCIAL   EN   1906.  179 

$3,250,000,000.  Del  valor  de  las  importaciones  que  asciende  k 
$2,250,000,000,  como  la  mitad  lo  reprcsentan  los  Estados  Unidos  y  el 
de  las  export aciones  que  asciende  k  $3,250,000,000,  los  Estados 
Unidos  representan  mds  de  $1,750,000,000,  y  los  otros  paises  repre- 
sentan  un  poco  menos  de  $1,500,000,000. 

Toinando  en  consideraci6n  tinicamente  la  America  con  excepci6n 
de  los  Estados  Unidos,  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  en  el  tiltimo  afto 
acerca  del  cual  se  han  obtenido  datos  estadisticos,  ascendi6  d  $1,118,- 
000,000.  El  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones  de  todos  los  paises 
americanos,  excepci6n  liecha '  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  ascendi6  d 
$1,402,000,000,  de  los  cuales  $407,000,000,6  sea  un  36.5  por  ciento,pro- 
cedieron  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  El  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones 
de  todos  los  paises  americanos,  excepci6n  hecha  de  los  Estados  Unidos, 
as(rendi6  d  $1,402,000,000,  de  los  cuales  $450,000,000,  6  sea  im  32.5 
por  ciento,  fueron  enviados  k  los  Estados  Unidos.  Estas  cifras  que 
muestran  la  proporci6n  del  valor  de  las  importaciones  de  los  paises 
americanos  hechas  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  de  sus  exportaciones  d  los 
Est  ados  Unidos,  result  an  muy  interesantes  si  se  comparan  con  relaciones 
semejantes  en  anos  anteriores.  Un  andlisis  del  comercio  de  los  paises 
americanos,  hecho  por  la  Oficina  de  Estadistica  en  1897,  muestra  ([ue 
el  valor  total  de  las  importaciones  de  todos  ellos,  exccpcion  heclia  de 
los  Estados  Unidos,  y  acerca  de  las  cuales  pudieron  ol)tenerse  datos 
estadisticos,  ascendi6  d  $652,000,000,  contra  $1,118,000,000,  segtin  lo 
demuestra  la  actual  recopilaci6n,  y  que  un  26.57  por  ciento  del  total 
de  las  importaciones  de  1897  procedieron  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  en 
tanto  que  un  36.5  por  ciento  del  total  grandemente  aumcntado  de  la 
presente  6poca  procede  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  El  valor  de  las  expor- 
taciones de  los  paises  americanos,  except o  los  Estados  Unidos,  en  1897 
se  fijo  en  $786,000,000,  contra  $1,402,000,000  que  se  consignan  en  la 
presente  recopilaci6n,  habi^ndose  enviado  u  los  Estados  Unidos  un 
32.15  por  ciento  de  las  exportaciones  (^ue  se  hicieron  en  1897,  contra 
un  32.5  por  ciento  en  la  actualidad. 

Ilablando  en  terminos  generales  puede  decirse  que  los  paises  ameri- 
canos, con  excepci6n  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  considerados  en  conjunto, 
obtienen  un  poco  m6s  do  una  tercera  parte  (36.5  por  ciento)  do  sus 
importaciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  y  envian  al  mismo  un  poco 
menos  de  una  tercera  parte  de  sus  exportaciones. 

Al  establecerse  una  comparaci6n  de  las  condicicmes  del  comercio  de 
los  varios  paises  y  regiones,  sobre  todo  en  relaci6n  con  el  comercio 
de  los  Estados  Unidos,  se  nota  que  se  hace  una  parte  mucho 
mayor  del  comercio  de  los  paises  de  la  Am6rica  del  Norte  con  los 
Estados  Unidos  que  la  que  se  hace  con  los  paises  m6s  distantes  de 
Sur  America,  y  que  esta  manifestacion  general  podria  incluir  a  los 
paises  de  la  America  del  Sur  situados  en  el  Mar  Caribe,  y  relativa- 
mente  cerca  de  los  Estados  Unidos.     El  valor  total  de  las  iKV)joYl^  • 


180        OFICINA    INTERNACTONAL   DE    LAS    REPUBLICAS    AMERICANAS. 

clones  de  todos  los  paises  norteamericanos,  excepci6n  hecha  de  los 
Estados  Unidos,  segiin  los  datos  estadisticos  del  iiltiino  aiio  que  fu6 
posible  conseguir,  asccndi6  d  $594,000,000,  de  los  cuales  $334,000,000, 
6  sea  un  56.3  por  eiento,  represent aban  importaciones  de  los  Estados 
Unidos,  en  tanto  que  el  valor  total  de  las  importaciones  de  los  paises 
de  Sur  America,  ascendieron  k  $524,000,000,  de  los  cuales  861o  $73,000,- 
000,  6  sea  un  13.8  por  eiento,  procedieron  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  El 
valor  total  de  las  exportaciones  (lue  todos  los  paises  norteamericanos, 
con  excepci6n  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  on  el  Ultimo  aiio  del  cual  han 
podido  conseguirse  datos  estadisticos,  ascendio  d  $594,000,000,  de  los 
cuales  $313,000,000,  6  sea  un  52.6  por  eiento,  se  enviaron  &  los  Estados 
Unidos,  al  paso  que  el  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones  de  toda  la 
America  del  Sur  ascendi6  d  $808,000,000,  de  los  cuales  $133,000,000, 
6  sea  un  17.7  por  eiento,  se  enviaron  d  los  Estados  Unidos. 

En  los  paises  americanos  en  los  cuales  los  centros  comerciales  est  an 
situados  relativamente  cerca  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  que  tienen 
buena  comunicacion  con  este  tiltimo  pais,  la  proporci6n  de  su  comer- 
cio  que  corresponde  a  los  Estados  Unidos  es  grande.  Trat^ndose  del 
Canada,  un  60.6  por  eiento  de  las  importaciones  proceden  de  los 
Estados  Unidos,  y  un  3«S.l  por  eiento  de  las  exportaciones  se  envfan 
^  esta  ultima  Republica.  En  1906,  Mexico  compro  un  65.9  por  eiento 
de  sus  importaciones  a  los  Estados  Unidos  y  le  vendio  un  68.6  por 
eiento  de  sus  ex])()rtaciones. 

Las  Bahamas,  situadas  a  una  corta  distancia  de  la  costa  de  los 
Estados  Unidos,  en  1905,  que  es  el  illtimo  ano  acerca  del  cual  ha  sido 
posible  obtener  (hitos  estadisticos,  compraron  un  61.2  por  eiento  de 
sus  importaciones  li  los  ILstados  I^nidos,  y  enviaron  a  6stos  un  71.3 
por  eiento  tie  sus  exportaciones.  En  1906  Cuba  le  compro  a  los 
Estados  Unidos  un  4S.6  por  eiento  de  sus  importaciones  y  envio  a 
dicho  })ttis  un  S4.S  })or  eiento  de  sus  exportaciones.  Todos  los 
Estados  de  Cent ro -America  compran  una  gran  parte  de  sus  impor- 
taciones a  los  Estados  l'iu(h)s  y  envian  una  ^ran  proporcion  de  sus 
exportaeion(\s  a  esti^  pais.  Por  ejeinplo,  Honduras  le  compra  &  los 
Estados  Unidos  un  03  })or  eiento  de  sus  importaciones  y  envia  a 
dicho  pais  un  S7  por  eiento  i\v  sus  exportaciimes;  Nicaragua  compra 
un  55  ])or  eiento  di*  sus  importaciones  a  los  Estados  Unidos  y  en  via 
un  50  por  ci(»nto  de  sus  exportaeitmes  a  este  pals;  Costa  Ilica 
compra  un  55  por  eiento  de  sus  inijiortaeiones  a  los  Estados  Unidos 
y  envia  a  dicho  pais  un  47  por  eiento  de  sus  exportaciones,  y  Gua- 
teniahx  (jue  le  compra  un  45  por  eiento  de  sus  im|x>rtaciones  a  li>3 
Estados  Unidos  envia  a  este  pais  un  35  por  eiento  de  sus  exporta- 
ciones. En  1905  Haiti,  (jue  es  el  vdtimo  ano  acerca  del  cual  so  han 
conseguido  ihitos  esta<listieos,  compro  a  los  Estados  Unidos  un  71 
])or  cienlt)  de  sus  im])ortaciones  y  envio  a  este  pais  un  32  por  eiento 
de  sus  exportaciones,  al  paso  que  en  1000  hi  Kepublica  Dominicana 


COMO   SE   PREPARA   EL   CACAO   EN   DIFERENTES   PAISES.  181 

le  compr6  &  los  Estados  Unidos  un  58.5  por  ciento  do  sus  importa- 
ciones  y  envi6  &  este  pais  un  57  por  ciento  de  sus  cxportacionjcs. 

La  proporci6n  del  comercio  de  los  paises  sudainericanos  bafiados 
por  el  Mar  Caribe  es  bastante  grande.  En  el  tiltimo  ano,  respecto 
del  cual  se  ban  podido  obtener  datos  estadisticos,  Colombia  le  com- 
pr6  &  los  Estados  Unidos  un  44.5  por  ciento  de  sus  importaciones  y 
envio  &  dicbo  pais  un  37  por  ciento  de  sus  exportaciones;  en  1906 
Venezuela  le  compr6  4  los  Estados  Unidos  un  30  por  ciento  de  sus 
importaciones  y  envio  4  dicho  pais  un  31  por  ciento  de  sus  exporta- 
ciones; la  Guiana  Brit&nica  le  compr6  k  los  Estados  Unidos  un  30 
por  ciento  de  sus  importaciones  y  envi6  k  este  pais  un  17  por  ciento 
de  sus  exportaciones;  la  Guiana  Ilolandesa  le  compro  a  los  Estados 
Unidos  un  21  por  ciento  de  sus  importaciones  y  envio  a  este  pais 
un  39  por  ciento  de  sus  exportaciones,  en  tanto  que  la  proporcion 
del  comercio  de  la  Guiana  Francesa  con  los  Estados  Unidos  es  bas- 
tante ]>equena,  es  decir,  le  compro  a  los  Jistados  Unidos  un  9  por 
ciento  de  sus  importaciones  y  envio  a  este  pais  un  1  por  ciento  de 
sus  exportaciones,  siendo  asi  que  la  mayor  parte  del  comercio  de  la 
Guiana  Francesa,  asi  como  el  de  pr^cticamente  todas  las  colonias 
francesas  lo  hacen  la  madre  patria.  Con  referencia  aliora  a  los 
pais4's  sudamericanos  que  quedan  k  ima  distancia  mayor  y  a  los 
cuales  las  mercancias  pueden  enviarse  unicamente  por  rutas  dcsvia- 
ilas.  la  proporci6n  de  las  importaciones  hechas  de  los  Estados  Uni- 
dos, y  en  la  mayor  parte  de  los  casos  la  proporcion  de  las  exportaciones 
k  dicho  pais  es  mucho  menor  que  la  proporcion  de  su  comercio  con 
los  paises  sudamericanos  bafiados  por  el  Mar  Caribe.  Un  11.5  por 
ciento  de  las  importaciones  que  hace  el  Brasil  procedeni  de  los  Esta- 
dos Unidos;  un  9.7  por  ciento  de  las  que  hace  el  Uruguay  proceden 
de  li»s  Estados  Unidos;  un  14  por  ciento  de  las  que  hace  la  Argen- 
tina proceden  de  los  Estados  Unidos;  un  10  por  ciento  de  las  que 
hace  Chile  proceden  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  y  un  16  por  ciento  de  las 
quo  hace  el  Perti  proceden  tambien  de  los  Estados  I'nidos,  al  paso 
quo  el  Brasil  envia  un  35  por  ciento  del  total  de  sus  ex})ortaciones 
k  los  Estados  Unidos;  el  Uruguay  le  envia  un  5.5  por  ciento;  la 
Argentina  le  envia  un  5  por  ciento;  Chile  le  envia  un  10  por  ciento, 
y  ol  Perd  le  envia  un  9  por  ciento. 


COMO   se   PREPARA  EL  CACAO  EX  DIFEREX- 

TES  PAlSES. 

[Extractofl  tornados  do  un  trabajo  cscritw  por  Ivor  Etherixcton.] 

En  la  industria  del  cacao  el  procedimiento  mas  hnportante  lo  consti- 
tuye  la  fermentaci6n  y  curacion  del  fruto,  puesto  que  de  ello  depende, 
en  gran  manera,  la  calidad  y  precio  de  este  prochicto.  En  los  varios 
paises  donde  se  cultiva  el  cacao  se  emplean  diversos  metodos  para  su 
tratamiento. 


182        OFICrSA   rXTERNACIOXAL   DE   LAS   REPUBUCAS   AMXSICASAS. 

Durante  la  reco^da  del  cacao  maduro  el  fruto  se  hacina  en  grandes 
montones  en  un  sitio  a^lecuado  de  la  plantacion.  6  bien  se  Ueva  &  un 
tinj^Iado  6  dep6sito  eerca  de  la  fabrica  para  desgranarlo.  Entonces  el 
pericarpio,  6  c^p.sula  que  contiene  el  fruto.  se  corta  con  un  cuchillo 
y  las  {iepitas.  junto  con  la  pulpa  que  las  rodea.  se  echan  en  espuertas. 
Cuando  en  una  s^jla  finca  se  cultiva  m6s  de  una  clase  de  cacao,  el  fruto 
de  las  diversas  especies  debe  conservarse  separado  para  los  fines  de  la 
ferment aci6n  y  curacion. 

EI  objeto  de  la  fennentacion  es  sacar  la  pulpa  sacarina  que  roilea  las 
pepitas,  mejorar  el  color  del  cacao,  dar&  la  pepita  mks  condici6n  para 
los  fines  de  la  trituraci6n.  endurecer  la  cdscara  del  grano.  mejorar  el 
gusto  6  sabor  del  fruto.  y,  por  ultimo,  evitar  el  moho.  Debe  agre- 
garse  que  la  fennentacion  de  las  pepitas  no  es  indispensable.  El 
cacao  de  color  morado  obscuro  y  que  tiene  un  sabor  amargo.  sin 
fermentar  es  el  que  tiene  mayor  demanda  en  algunos  mercados. 
Sin  embargo,  algunos  de  los  cacaos  mojores  que  se  conocen  est&n 
mas  6  menos  fermentados.  En  Ceilfin  efectuan  por  completo  la 
fennentacion. 

En  sintesis  la  fermentacion  es  el  procedimiento  de  condimentar  el 
cacao  con  su  propio  jugo.  En  Nicaragua  la  ferment aci6n  se  hace 
en  dos  6  tres  dias.  en  tanto  que  en  Guatemala  y  El  Salvador  se 
inviertc  la  mi  tad  de  este  tiempo.  En  Surinam  se  emplean  seis  6 
siete  dias  para  dicho  trataniiento.  y  debido  &  este  hecho  se  obtiene 
im  producto  sui>eri()r  cjue  ha  llegado  a  hacerse  famoso.  En  Vene- 
zuela la  fennentacion  se  hace  en  sacos  cjue  se  ponen  al  sol  durante 
el  dia  y  so  dojan  trasudar  durante  la  noche,  al  paso  que  en  Mexico  se 
cavan  hoyos  on  ol  suelo  y  en  ellos  se  fermenta  el  cacao  cubirendo  h>s 
hoyos  c(m  hojas  do  platano.  En  la  Isla  de  Trinidad  hay  muehos 
cultivadoros  (juo  no  formentan  el  cacao,  i>ero  ya  empiezan  a  adoptar 
esto  tratamionto. 

La  formoiitaoioii  puede  efectuarse  al  aire  libre,  en  ima  casa  6 
sotochado  o  on  cajas  6  tanques  especialos.  Sin  embargo,  puede 
prosoiiHlirso  do  ostos  motochw  y  llovarsoa  cabo  la  ferment acion  amon- 
tonando  ol  fnito.  A  fm  do  quo  todo  ol  monton  de  fnito  se  fennente 
do  una  manora  uniformo.  Ins  pepitas  doboran  rovolrerse  diariamente 
}'  oubrirso  otra  voz  para  (•«)ntinuar  la  oporacion.  El  calor  de  la 
niasa  aiiinonta  gradualnionto.  y  no  dobo  pormitirse  cjue  sea  excesivo 
porqiH*  piiodo  danar  la  calidad  do!  producto.  I'na  temperatura  de 
3')"  a  40"  C.  pu(Mlo  tomarsc*  como  promedio,  para  los  fines  de  la  fer- 
montacion. 

I)(»spuos  del  prooodiniionto  do  la  formentaciim  el  cacao  debe 
lavarso  para  soparnr  las  i)opitas  do  la  pulpa.  El  lavado  se  hace  con 
mayor  oficacia  on  los  lugaros  dondo  puodo  utihzarse  la  corriente  de 
un  arroyo,  y  tambi^»n  puodon  utilizarso  los  tanques  de  tigua  y  en 

ros  casos  jmedo  omploarso  la  nuiquinaria  para  separar  las  pepitas 


COMO   SE   PKEPABA   EL   CACAO   EN   DIFERENTES  PAISES.         188^ 

y  obtener  iin  fruto  completamente  limpio.  Los  mercados  americanos^ 
no  exigen  que  el  cacao  se  haya  lavado,  pero  en  Alemania  6  Inglaterra- 
prefieren  el  grano  limpio.  En  Nicaragua  no  se  lava  el  cacao,  pero* 
en  El  Salvador  y  Guatemala  dicho  procedimiento  se  adopta  en 
algunos  casos.  DIcese  que  el  delicado  aroma  del  cacao  de  la  Ame- 
rica Central  se  lo  da  el  procedimiento  del  lavado  que  alii  se  emplea.- 

Efectdese  6  no  el  lavado,  las  pepitas  deben  secarse  despufe  de  la 
fermentaci6n.  L4  desecaci6n  es  en  realidad  una  curaci6n  y  debe 
hacerse  con  el  mayor  esmero,  mediante  el  calor  natural  del  sol  6^ 
el  calor  artificial,  en  casas  constniidas  especialmente  con  este  objeto^ 
que  tengan  departamentos  6  cdmaras  calientes.  La  curaci6n  hace- 
que  la  pepita  adquiera  un  colar  moreno  6  achocolatado,  el  cual 
varia  segdn  la  clase  de  cacao  y  las  condiciones  de  la  localidad.  En 
todos  los  casos  la  desecaci6n  debe  ser  lenta  y  durar  por  lo  menos 
de  tres  6  cuatro  dias,  segim  la  magnitud  de  la  fermentaci6n  d  que 
se  hay  an  sometido  las  pepitas.  La  curacion  cs  muy  import  ante 
en  la  preparaci6n  del  cacao,  j  siempre  debe  Uevarse  k  cabo  con. 
mucho  cuidado  6  inteligencia.  Las  pepitas  curadas  se  clasifican 
segtin  el  tamafio,  calidad,  apariencia  y  buen  color  del  fruto.  La- 
pepita  de  color  claro  tiene  mejor  sabor,  pero  la  de  color  obscuro- 
tiene  mucha  demanda  en  algimos  mercados. 

En  algunos  palses  emplean  m6todos  especiales  con  el  fin  de  darle 
el  debido  lustre  y  coloraci6n  k  este  producto.  Por  ejemplo,  en 
Venezuela  emplean  tierra  roja;  en  la  India  Occidental  emplean 
varias  substancias,  tales  como  almidon,  achiote,  almagrc  y  tierra. 
6  barro  rojo.  Cuando  el  grano  tiene  el  lustre  suficiente  se  coloca. 
en  sacos  y  se  envia  al  mercado. 
24181— BuU.  1—08 13 


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BOLETIM  MeNSAL 


DA 


SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPLBLICAS  AMERICANAS, 

UnlSo  Intcruaeionul  das  Kcpublicns  Americaiius. 


Vol.  XXVI.  JANEIRO  de  11)08.  No.  1. 


(Muitofl  doB  asHumptofl  commeiitados  nii  norvao  oditorml  ])ort  iiguczu  d<>  Boletim, 
bSo  publicadcH  eumcntv  em  ingicz  ou  hospaiihol. ) 


Tal  foi  a  sinceridade  c  a  cordialichulo  das  manifest a^oos  com  que  o 
Govemo  e  o  povo  do  Brazil  receberam  a  es(iiiadra  dos'  E.stados 
Unidos  quando  entrou  no  porto  do  Rio  de  Janeiro  em  12  de  Janeiro, 
e  tantas  attcn^ocs  Ihe  foram  dispensadas  durante  os  dez  dias  que  alii 
estiveram,  (iiie  a  officialidade  e  os  marinheiros  jamais  poderao 
esquecel-as.  Na  historia  das  via<]jens  da  (\s(iuadra  norte-amerieana 
a  paizes  estrangeiros,  jamai^i  paiz  alj^um  excedeu  o  Brazil  nos  esfor^'os 
que  fez  para  mostrar  sua  aprecia^ao  pela  presen^a  da  es(iuadra  em 
suas  aguas.  A  julgar  pelas  noticias  que  lemos  re((»l)i(lo,  parece  que 
a  receppfto  que  serA  fcita  a  oificialidade  pelo  f  Joverno  e  povo  do  Peru 
em  Call&o  e  Lima,  terd  o  mcsmo  cunho  de  sincerida<le  e  ma<rnifi- 
cencia  que  a  que  Ihes  foi  feita  no  Rio.  Comc|uanto  Punt  a  Arenas, 
que  6  o  unico  ponto  do  territorio  ehileno  em  (|U(»  a  frota  toeara, 
esteja  muito  distante  de  Santiafj:o,  sua  capital  e  principal  porto,  o 
Govemo  ehileno  estd  dando  os  passos  precisos  para  acolher  a  frota 
de  uma  maneira  tal  que  nunca  sera  es<iueci(la  a  sua  passa<rem  pelas 
aguas  chileuas. 

A  presen^a  nas  aguas  da  America  <lo  Sul  dos  navios  d<»  <>;uerra  dos 
Estados  Unidos,  em  sua  viagem  ao  Pacifict),  muito  contrihuirfi  para 
despertar  mais  o  interesse  do  povo  norte-americano  i)elas  Ucpuldicas 
Latino-Americanas.  Chegam  a  esla  Secrelaria  grande  numero  de 
eartas,  vindas  nao  so  de  periodicos  e  revistas,  mas  tambem  de  par- 
ticulares,  pcdindo  infomia^oes  a  respeito  dos  paizes  e  porto^  em  (jue 
tocart  a  esquadra  na  sua  notavel  viagem.     Por  exemplo,  a  SecreiyLilot 


186    SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

ministroii  a  umas  centenas  de  jomaes  dados  sobre  as  cidades  do  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  Punta  Arenas  e  Calldo,  de  modo  que  estar&o  habilitados  a 
publicar  artigos  descriptivos  destes  pontos  para  seus  leitores.  A 
este  respeito,  deve-se  dizer  que  antes  da  frota  partir,  a  Secretaria 
enviou  aos  officiaes  de  cada  navio  um  jogo  completo  das  publica^dos 
da  Secretaria  sobre  a  America  Latina,  afim  de  que,  na  sua  viagem  pelo 
contincnte  meridional,  podessem  obter  maior  numero  de  conheci- 
mentos  a  respeito  desse  continente.  A  atten^ao  da  Secretaria  foi 
muito  apreciada  conforme  attestam  as  numerosas  cartas  que  temos 
recebido  dos  officiaes. 


A    PROXIMA    CONFERENCIA    PAN-AMERICANA. 

Na  reuniao  do  Conselho  Director  da  Secretaria  que  teve  logar  em 
8  de  Janeiro,  foi  apresentada  uma  mo^ao  determinando  que  aproxima 
Conferencia  Internacional  Pan-Americana  se  realizasse  em  Buenos 
Aires  em  1910.  Resolveu-se  deixar  a  considera^ao  da  mo^ao  para  a 
proxima  reuniao  do  Conselho,  que  terd  logar  em  5  de  Janeiro,  afim  de 
permittir  que  os  differentes  membros  do  Conselho  se  conmiunicassem 
com  sous  respectivos  Governos  sobre  a  materia.  No  encerramento  da 
Conferencia  do  Rio,  ficou  geralmente  entendido  que  a  proxima  Confe- 
rencia se  realizasse  na  cidade  de  Buenos  Aires,  por6m,  o  Conselho 
Director  da  Secretaria  foi  incumbido  de  designar  definitivament^  o 
logar  e  a  data  da  Conferencia.  O  anno  de  1910  foi  fixado  para  a 
reahza^ao  da  Conferencia,  em  vez  de  1911  ou  1912,  porquc  naquelle 
anno  a  Republica  Argentina  celebrara  uma  grande  exposi^&o  com- 
memorativa  do  centonario  da  sua  Independencia.  Em  >asta  do  grande 
progresso,  tanto  politico  como  commercial,  que  a  America-Latina 
esta  actualmente  fazendo,  e  das  rela^Ses  mais  estreitas  existentes 
entre  os  Estados  Unidos  e  suas  irmas,  a  Quarta  Conferencia  Pan- 
Americana  tcra  de  discutir  muitos  assumptos  de  interesse  a  todas  as 
Republicas  Americanas,  e  influird  poderosamente  em  suas  futuras 
rela9<5es. 


EXPOSI^OES  NA    AMERICA    DO    SUL. 

O  BoLETiM  jii  chamou  a  atten^ao  dos  leitores  para  a  exposi^&o 
que  o  Governo  do  Brazil  tenciona  realizar  no  Rio  de  Janeiro  no 
proximo  verao,  e  para  a  c[ue  o  Governo  ^Vrgentino  c«lebrar&  em 
Buenos  Aires  em  1910.  Agora  o  Governo  do  Equador  annuncia  que 
realizara  uma  exposi9ao  em  Quito  em  1909,  e  j&  convidou  o  Governo 
dos  Estados  Unidos  a  participar  nella.  ^Vfim  de  poder  acceitar  este 
convite,  o  Presidente  Roosevelt  apresentou  ao  Congresso  Nacional 
uma  mensagem  recommendando  que  seja  votadaumasomma  especial 
para   este  fun.     As   nagdes   estrangeiras   nao   serdo   convidadas   a 


SECSETABU  INTEBNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    187 

tomarem  parte  nas  exposi^des  do  Brazil  e  da  Republica  Argentina, 
ainda  que  sens  fabricantes  e  negociantes  possam  obter  permissao  a 
exp6r  sens  productos  sob  condi^oes  especiaes.  Como  o  Governo  dos 
Estados  Unidos  foi  especialmente  convidado  a  tomar  parte  na  expo- 
si^ao  do  Equador,  6  de  esperar-se  que  o  Congresso  vote  os  fundos 
necessarios  para  a  construc^ao  de  um  odificio  adequado  e  a  organi- 
za^^ao  de  uma  exhibi^ao  representativa.  Dentro  de  pouco  tempo 
estar&  concluida  a  estrada  de  ferro  de  Guayaquil  a  Quito,  de  modo 
que  OS  passageiros  poderao  fazer  a  viagem  do  porto  de  Guayaquil  a 
Quito,  o  logar  da  exposi^aO,  em  vinte  e  quatro  horas,  por  uma 
linha  ferrea  que,  por  suas  difficeis  obras  de  engenharia  e  o  pittoresco 
da  regiao  que  atravessa,  6  uma  das  maravilhas  do  mundo.  A  cidade 
de  Quito  6  uma  das  mais  interessantes  da  America  do  Sul,  e  goza 
de  um  bom  clima.  Por  estar  a  cerca  de  10,000  p6s  acima  do  nivel  do 
mar,  nfio  6  excessivamente  quente  como  nas  regiSes  tropicaes  mais 
baixas,  e  sua  proximidade  ao  equador  a  protege  contra  o  rigoroso  frio. 
Por  occasiSo  da  exposi^ao,  a  viagem  de  New  York  a  Quito  poderd  ser 
feita  em  raenos  de  dez  dias,  e  6  de  esperar-se  que  grande  numero  de 
pessoas  dos  Estados  Unidos  comparecorao  a  este  certamen. 


A    SECRETARIA    NA    TERCEIRA    CONFERENCIA     SANITARIA     INTER- 

NACIONAL. 

Publicamos  neste  numero  do  Boletim  o  relatorio  do  Secretario 
Francisco  J.  Yanes,  nosso  dolegado  k  Convenpao  Sanitaria  Inter- 
nacional  que  se  reuniu  na  cidade  de  Mexico  em  dezembro  de  1907,'o 
qua]  demonstra  a  parte  activa  que  a  Secretaria  tomou  neste  congresso. 
Elle  faz  men^ao  especial  do  progresso  que  se  tem  feito  no  Mexico  em 
condi^des  hygienicas  modemas  e  do  crescente  interessc  despertado 
nos  trabalhos  da  Secretaria  Pan- Americana  em  Washington. 


MELHORAMENTO    do    SERVI^O    de    VAPORES    com    a    AMERICA    DO    SUL. 

A  Companliia  de  Vapores  Lamport  c  ITolt  merece  ser  congratulada 
per  causa  dos  melhoramentos  que  esta  fazendo  no  sen  servi^o  entre 
New  York  e  Rio  de  Janeiro  e  Buenos  Aires.  O  servn^o  resentia-se 
pela  falta  de  boas  accommodapSes  para  passageiros  de  P  classe  nos 
vapores  que  faziam  a  carreira  entre  portos  dos  Estados  Unidos  e  os 
da  costa.  oriental  da  America  do  Sul.  A  Companliia  acaba  de 
adquiiir  para  esta  linha  tres  novos  vapores,  de  9,000  toneladas  cada 
um,  com  boas  accommoda^oes  para  150  passageiros  de  P  classe, 
e  50  passageiros  de  2*  e  3*  classes.  Todos  esses  navios  sao  novos,  e 
o  piimeiro  a  fazer  a  viagem  foi  o  Verdi.  Para  comnvei\\or«.t  ^\\^ 
ch^ada  a  New  York,  foi  offerecido  um  jantar  a  X^ot^lo  cc\  W  ^^ 


188    SECBETAKIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

Janeiro,  sendo  os  convivas  pessoas  de  New  York  e  de  outras  partes 
do  paiz  que  se  interessam  pelo  desenvolvimento  das  rela^Oes  com- 
merciaes  com  a  America  do  Sul.  Todos  os  que  visitaram  o  vapor 
manifestaram  a  boa  impressao  que'lhes  causou,  e  o  desejo  que  tinliam 
de  emprehender  immcdiatamente  uma  viagem  4  America  do  Sul. 
£  de  espcrar-se  que  todos  os  viaj  antes  dos  Estados  Unidos  que  at6 
agora  tem  hesitado  em  visitar  a  America  do  Sul,  por  causa  das  mis 
accommoda9oes,  estejam  agora  decididos  a  emprehender  esta  viagem. 
Por  outro  lado,  espera-se  que  um  maior  numero  de  representantes 
sul-americanos  animem-se  a  visitar  os  Estados  Unidos.  Nao  ha 
melhor  meio  de  promover  relagoes  dc  amizade  entre  os  differentes 
paizes  que  as  visitas  mutuas. 


OUTRA  EXPRESSAO  DE  IXTERESSE   POR  PARTE  DO  PRESIDENTE  ROOSE- 
VELT. 

Todos  quantos  so  interessam  em  promover  rela^Oes  mais  estreitas 
entre  os  Estados  Unidos  e  a  America  Latina  ficaram  muito  satisfeitos 
por  motivo  das  lisonjeiras  referencias  a  Secretaria  Intemacional  que 
o  Prosidcnte  Roosevelt  fez  em  sua  mensagem  e  que  foram  repro- 
duzidas  na  ultima  edifao  do  Boletim.  Agora  temos  que  noticiar 
a  carta  que,  ha  pouco,  o  Presidente  Roosevelt  dirigiu  ao  Professor 
L.  S.  RowE,  da  Universidade  de^  Pennsylvania,  em  que  aponta  os 
beneficios  que  hiio  de  resultar  de  rela^oes  intellectuaes  mais  intimas 
entre  a  America  do  Norte  c  a  do  Sul,  c  exprime  seu  vivo  interesse 
por  pianos  que  se  estao  elaborando  neste  sentido.  Keproduzimos 
a  carta  do  Presidente  em  outra  sec^ao  do  Boletim. 


A   PROXLMA    CONFEREXC  lA    DO    LAOO   DE    MOHONK. 

O  Sr.  II.  C.  Phillips,  wSecretario  da  Conferoncia  do  Lago  de  Mohonk 
sobre  o  arl)itranirnt()  intemacional,  infonna  a  Secretaria  que  a  Con- 
feroncia  do  lOOS  sera  realizada  nos  dias  20,  21  o  22  de  maio,  e  que  se 
occu])ara  espocialiuente  de  assumptos  pan-americanos.  Deseja  que 
a  Secretaria  e  0  Consellio  Director  desta  institui^ao  tomem  especial 
interesse  por  esta  Conferencia,  e  (jue  tomem  parte  activa  em  suas 
delil)eravoes.  Em  sua  conununicavao  diz:  "Creio  que  nio  erro 
diz(*n(lo  que  o  interesse  despertado  j^ela  sessao  pan-americana  do 
anno  passado  torn  sido  de  grande  valor  em  promover  o  principio 
geral  (le  arbitramento,  e  que  uma  sessao  semelhante  nesta  Conferencia 
tera  resnltados  ainda  mais  efTicazes. 


SECBETARIA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS.    189 
BUREAU   DE    INFORMA^AO   DA    COLOMBIA. 

O  Presidente  Reyes  da  Colombia  e  o  Ministro  das  Rela^Ses  Exte- 
riores,  o  Sr.  A.  Vasquez  Cobo,  tSm  dado  mais  um  passo  afini  de  tor- 
nar  mais  conhecida  a  Republica  da  Colombia  no  exterior,  estaber 
lecondo  em  Bogoti  um  Bureau  Central  de  Informapao,  com  agendas 
em  Londres,  Paris,  Bruxellas,  Ilamburgo,  Barcelona  e  New  York. 
A  essas  agencias  deverao  ser  fornecidos  jornaes  e  publica^oes 
officiaes  de  interesse  publico,  contendo  informapoes  sobre  a  Colombia 
e  as  opportimidades  que  ha  neste  paiz  para  o  emprego  de  capitaes 
estrangeiros.  Este  Bureau  estard  em  communicapao  directa  com 
a  Secretaria  Intemacional  das  Republicas  Americanas  em  Wasliing- 
ton,  e  o  Ministro  pede  a  coopera^ao  dessa  institui^ao,  quanto  possivel, 
neste  importante  trabalho  de  propaganda. 

CONDI^OES    COMMERCIAES    XA    COLOMBIA. 

O  relatorio  sobre  as  condi^des  commerciaes  da  Colombia,  pre- 
parado  pelo  Sr.  Charles  M.  Pepper,  agente  especial  do  Departa- 
mento  do  Commercio  e  Trabalho,  que  foi  recentcmente  pubUcado 
pela  sec^ao  de  manufacturas,  6  muito  opportuno.  O  relatorio  faz 
um  estudo  cuidadoso  das  condi^Ses  do  commercio,  dos  recursos 
naturaes  e  as  opportunidades  para  o  emprego  de  capitaes  na  Colombia. 
Antes  de  preparar  este  relatorio,  o  Sr.  Pepper  fez  uma  visita  &  Co- 
lombia e  estudou  demoradamente  suas  condi^des.  Esta  actualmente 
fazendo  investiga^6es  no  Equador,  Peru  o  outros  paizes  da  America 
do  Sul,  com  o  mesmo  fim. 


ASSOCIA^'AO    NACIOXAL    DE    MAMTACTXREIROS. 

A  Associa^ao  Nacional  de  Manufactureiros  que  torn  sua  sedo  em 
New  York,  rua  Broadway  n.  170,  e  cujo  presidente  6  o  Sr.  James  W. 
Tax  Cleave,  de  St.  Ijouis,  Estado  de  Missouri,  estd  desenvolvendo 
um  importante  ramo  subordinado  a  esta  Associai^ao.  A  *' American 
Industries,'*  em  sua  edi^ao  de  dezembro,  descreve  um  piano  desta 
Associa^do  para  fomecer  a  sens  membros  informa^Ses  do  todo  gonoro 
sobre  as  condi^des  commerciaes  de  paizc^s  estrangeiros.  Ao  mesmo 
tempo,  lembra  o  facto  de  que  a  Associa^ao  fornece  gratuit anient e  a 
negociantes  estrangeiros  as  informa^oes  ([uo  pcdem  sobre  assuinptos 
commerciaes  e  industriaes.  Si  um  exportador  ou  negociante  da 
America  do  Sul  desejar  emprehender  negocios  nos  Estados  l^nidos, 
poder&  dirigir-se  &  Associa^ao  Nacional  de  Manufactureiros  podindo 
informa^5e8  quanto  6s  ftrmas  com  que  devera  tor  rela^oos  commer- 
ciaes. Isto  ser4  de  grande  beneficio  para  augmentar  o  commercio 
entre  os  Estados  Unidos  e  suas  irmas  do  Sul.     A  Secvx^tavi^i  AvJ^^v^\v^. 


190    SECRETARIA  INTERN ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEKICANAS, 

cxprimir  aqui  o  seu  reconliecimento  d  iVssocia^ao  por  sua  coopera^ao 
em  promover  o  commercio  pan-americano,  e,  em  troca,  ter&  prazer 
em  ministrar  informa^oes  aos  sens  membros  que  estejam  contem- 
plando  entrar  em  directo  contacto  com  a  America  Latina. 


ESTATISTICAS    COMMERCIAES    ARGENTINAS. 

Polos  dados  estatisticos  do  commercio  exterior  da  Republica 
Argentina  nos  nove  mezes  de  Janeiro  a  setembro  de  1907,  v6-se  que  a 
importa^ao  foi  no  valor  de  $202,835,218,  e  a  exporta^fio,  no  de  $240,- 
878,611,  do  que  resulta  um  balanpo  commercial  a  favor  da  Republica 
de  $38,043,393.  Comparando-se  o  commercio  exterior  com  o  do 
periodo  con*espondento  do  anno  anterior,  verifica-se  um  augmento 
na  importa^ao  de  $5,519,704,  e  de  $16,247,350,  na  exporta^ao. 

Que  a  agricultura  vae-sc  desonvolvendo  na  Republica,  provaH)  a 
rela^ao  official  da  area  em  cultivo  em  1907,  que  demonstra  ter  havido 
um  augmento  na  area  semeada  de  trigo,  linho  e  aveia.  As  medidas 
adoptadas  para  o  prompto  despacho  dos  productos  nacionaes  esiHo 
em  linha  com  o  espirito  geral  de  progresso  que  prevalece  no  paiz,  ao 
passo  que  a  nova  lei,  concedendo  isen^ ao  de  direitos  de  importa^fio^ 
pelo  prazo  de  dez  annos,  as  machinas  e  utensilios  de  todas  as  classes 
destinados  aos  estabelecimentos  mineiros  e  metallurgicos,  faz  prever 
uma  maior  actividade  neste  ramo  da  vida  industrial. 


BALAN<70    COMMERCIAL   DO    BRAZIL. 

Ai)ozar  da  diiiiinui^ao  verificada  nos  valoros  dos  dous  principaes 
artii^os  oxportados — cafe  o  borracha — nos  mezes  de  agosto  e  setembro 
de  1907,  ()  resultado  do  movimento  commercial  nos  primeiros  nove 
mozes  de  1 907  i nostra  um  balan^'o  a  favor  da  Republica  de  $63,000,000, 
coniparado  com  $53,000,000,  em  ogual  periodo  do  anno  anterior.  O 
movimento  da  importa^ao  foi  no  valor  de  $147,000,000,  e  o  da  expor- 
ta^ao,  no  do  $210,000,000,  verificando-se  assim  um  augmento  tanto 
na  importavao  coiiio  na  cxporta^ao,  comparadas  com  as  do  mesmo 
j)eriodo  do  anno  anterior.  As  machinas  e  materiaes  para  obras 
publicas  continuaram  a  sor  importados  em  avultada  quantidade  at^ 
o  fini  do  anno. 

T'^nia  inedida  de  grande  alcance  para  o  fomento  das  industrias 
nacionaes  foi  o  decreto  autorizando  o  Govemo  a  crear  um  banco 
agricola,  com  o  capital  de  $10,000,000.  Este  banco  facilitar&  o 
descnvolvimento  da  agricultura,  fornecendo  o  capital  e  credito  6s 
emprezas  que  derem  garantias. 


SECRETABU  INTERN  ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS.    191 

Mais  um  impulso  ser&  dado  &  industria  agricola  com  o  estabeleci- 
mento  de  colonos  japonezes  nos  Estados  do  Rio  de  Janeiro  e  Sao 
Paulo.  Os  contractos  para  a  introduc^ao  de  iinmigrantes  jk  forani 
celebrados  entre  aa  autoridades  desses  Estados  e  a  companhia 
interessada. 


NOVO  MINISTRO  DO  CHILE  JUNTO  AO  GOVERNO  DOS  ESTADOS  UNIDOS* 

Ao  dar  as  boas  vindas  ao  Sr.  Anibal  Cruz,  novo  Ministro  do 
Chile  acreditado  aos  Estados  Unidos,  a  vSecretaria  Pan-Americana 
deseja  salientar  os  valiosos  servi^os  prestados  pelo  seu  predecessor, 
o  Sr.  Walker-MartInez,  que  agora  representa  o  Departamento 
de  Santiago  no  Congresso  Nacional  do  Chile.  O  Sr.  Cruz,  ao  apre- 
sentar  suas  credenciaes  ao  Presidente  dos  Estados  Unidos  no  dia 
16  de  novembro  de  1907,  disse  que  foi  empenho  do  seu  Governo 
manter  as  boas  rela^Ses  que  felizmente  existem  entre  os  dous  paizes, 
retribuindo  plenamente  a  esses  sentimentos  o  Presidente  Roosevelt 
cm  sua  resposta. 

Si  o  projecto  de  lei  que  o  Presidente  apresentou  ao  Congresso  em 
25  de  outubro  de  1907,  f6r  votado,  a  cultura  do  Jinho  serd  protegida 
com  um  premio  governamental.  No  referido  projecto,  esta  con- 
signada  a  somma  de  $450,000,000  para  ser  distribuida  em  premios 
sobre  o  linho  que  for  produzido,  manufacturado  e  exportado  na 
Republica  durante  o  periodo  de  doze  annos. 

O  estado  satisfactorio  do  commercio  do  paiz  6  evidenciado  do 
facto  de  que  as  rendas  arrecadadas  pelas  diversas  alfandegas  do 
paiz  nos  primeiros  nove  mezes  de  1907,  importaram  em  $26,000,000, 
o  que  mostra  um  augmento  de  mais  de  $3,000,000,  comparadas  com 
as  de  egual  periodo  do  anno  anterior. 


IXDUSTRIAS    NACIONAES    E    MODIFICA^OES    na    TARIFA    da    COLOMBIA. 

Reproduzimos  neste  numero  do  Boletim  as  valiosas  informa^des 
sobre  a  cultura  da  borracha  e  a  manufactura  de  algodao  na  Colombia, 
extrahidas  do  relatorio  que  o  Sr.  I.  A.  iLvxNiXG,  Consul  dos  Estados 
Unidos  em  Cartagena,  du'igiu  ao  seu  Governo.  O  desenvolvimento 
da  cultura  da  borracha  no  paiz  6  evidenciado  do  facto  de  que  a  quan- 
tidade  de  borracha  exportada  pelo  porto  de  Cartagena  durante  o 
anno  de  1906,  foi  de  159,580  kilos,  ao  passo  que  nos  primeiros  nove 
mezes  de  1907,  foram  exportados  136,680  kilos.  Nao  so  se  esta 
cultivando  a  borracha  em  vastas  planta^oes,  mas  medidas  estao 
sendo  adoptadas  para  impedir  a  destrui9ao  das  arvores  silvestres. 

Publicamos  tambem  varias  modifica^oes  da  tarifa  da  Colombia^ 
feitas  durante  o  anno  de  1907. 


192    SECBETAEIA  INTEBNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 
ENVIADO  DE  COSTA  RICA  EM    MISSAO   ESPECI.VL  AOS  ESTADOS   UNIDOS. 

Al^m  (le  cxercer  as  func^Oes  de  delegado  de  Costa  Rica  &.  Con- 
foroncia  de  Paz  da  America  Central,  o  Sr.  Luis  Anderson  t^ve  a 
honra  de  ser  nomeado  como  Enviado  Extraordinario  e  Ministro 
Plenipotenciario  em  Missao  Especial  aos  Estados  Unidos.  Foi 
recebidopelo  Presidente  Roosevelt  nesta  capacidade  em  12  denovem- 
bro  de  1907,  e  apresentou-lhe  as  cordiaes  sauda^Oes  do  Presidente 
Gonzalez  Viquez,  assim  como  do  Govemo  e  do  povo  de  Costa  Rica. 

Vin  decreto  promulgado  pelo  Presidente  em  2  de  dezembro  de 
1907,  autoriza  a  creagao  de  juntas  especiaes  de  agricultura  nos 
diversos  departamentos  de  Costa  Rica,  com  o  fim  de  promover  o 
desenvolvimento  da  agrrcultura  no  paiz,  fazendo  que  os  outros  pro- 
ductos  nacionaes  sejam  tao  uteis  para  o  paiz  como  a  industria 
de  bananas. 

Com  respeito  a  esta  industria,  o  Ministro  dos  Estados  Unidos  no 
Chile,  informa  que,  por  nao  terem  appro vado  os  cultivadores  e  ex- 
portadores  o  direito  de  exporta^ ao  de  1  por  cento  sobre  cada  cacho  de 
bananas,  cobrado  em  virtudc  de  uma  lei  recente,  cuja  execu^fio  foi 
dependente  desta  approva^ao,  a  industria  fica  no  mesmo  estado  em 
que  era  antes  da  decretagao  da  lei. 


O    KESITLTADO    DO    RECENSE.VMENTO   DE   CUBA. 

O  recenseamento  da  popular ao  da  Republica  de  Cuba  feito  em  1907, 
da  2,28,283  habitantes,  contra  1,572,845  habitantes  em  1899,  sendo 
as  provincias  de  Havana  e  Santa  Clara  as  mais  povoadas.  O  movi- 
niento  inimigratorio  no  exercieio  de  1906-7,  accusa  uma  diminui^do 
de  23,080  immigrantes,  comparado  com  o  do  anno  anterior. 

As  rendas  arrecadadas  pela  alfandega  de  Havana  no  anno  de  1907, 
soniniaram  820,()()o,048.12,  sendo  $1,500,000  mais  que  no  anno 
anterior.  Forani  adopt adas  medidas  para  o  saneamento  de  diversas 
niunici{)ali(lades,  e  uma  verba  de  $350,000  foi  votada  para  ser  empre- 
gada  em  medidas  contra  a  febre  amarella. 


exi»()si(;ao  nacioxal  ik)  EQr.u>oR. 

T'mn  exposicao  nacional  sera  realizada  em  Quito,  em  agosto  de 
1909,  para  comnuMnorar  o  primeiro  centenario  da  lucta  pela  inde- 
pendencia  na  America  do  Sul.  ()  <lecreto  estabelecendo  as  bases 
para  a  or^anizacao  desta  exposicao  foi  promulsjado  pelo  Presidente 
Alkaho  em  oulubro  dc  1907.  A  exposicao  abrangerd  exliibifOes 
mostrando  os  recursos  (lorestaes,  pastoris,  ajrrieolas  e  mineiros  Jo 
paiz,  assim  como  a  via<;ao  ferrea  e  a  industria  da  pesca.  IIaver& 
nclla  seccoes  liistoricas  e  de  avti^s  de  interei>se  inteniacional.  As 
j]aco('s  esiran<rciras  serao  convidadas  a  participarem  na  exposi(*&o. 


SECBETABIA  INTEKNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBUCAS  AMERICAI^AS.    193 
C03fMERCI0   E    CONDigOES    ECONOMICAS    EM    GUATEMALA. 

Com  rela^JSo  d  ostrada  de  ferro  intcroceanica  do  San  Josci  no  Pa- 
cifico  at^  Puerto  Barrios  no  Atlantico,  que  foi  al)erta  ao  trafego 
em  19**  de  Janeiro  de  1908,  6  de  grande  interessc  o  pamplileto  ulti- 
mamente  publicado  pelo  Sr.  Victor  Agi^ilar  Pelaez,  Consul  da 
Republica  em  Liveq)ool  e  Manchester.  Dcvido  ao  grande  intoresse 
despertado  por  esta  parte  da  America  Central,  reprtxluzimos  neste 
numero  do  Bol'ETIM  a  parte  do  pamphleto  que  trata  do  commercio  e 
das  oondi(*5es  economicas  em  1906. 

A  ehegada  a  capital  do  primeiro  trem  vindo  de  Puerto  Barrios  foi 
a  oc<?asiao  de  uma  grande  demonstra^.ao,  o  para  commcMnorar  a 
occasiuo  foi  realizada  uma  exposi9ao  de  industrias  nacionaes. 
As  na^Oes  estrangeiras  mandaram  represent  antes  especiaes  para 
tomarem  parte  nas  cerimonias.  Essa  estrada  de  ferro,  com  imia 
extensao  de  269  milhas,  facilitani  enormemenle  o  transporto  dos 
productos  nacionaes  para  o  mar,  e  e  uma  prova  evidente  do  desen- 
voh'imento  desta  progressiva  Repul)lica. 


ESTABELECIMEXTO   de    uma   JI'NTA    COMMERCIAL   EM    HAITI. 

Emvirtude  do  decreto  de  30  de  novembro  de  1007,  foi  estabelocida 
uma  Junta  Commercial  em  Port-au-Prince,  com  o  fim  do  promover 
OS  interesses  commerciaes,  agricolas,  industriaes  e  maritimos  da 
Republica.  Foi  votada  a  somma  de  $1,800  para  occorror  as  des- 
pozas  dc  organiza^ao,  e  o  Presidento  da  Republica  foi  designado 
como  presidente  honorario  da  mesma.  A  associa^ao  nao  so  dif- 
fundird  informa^des  relativas  aos  productos  nacionaes  e  industrias, 
mas  servira  tambem  como  intermediario  para  a  distribui^ao  no  paiz 
de  informes  de  valor  sobre  os  paizcs  estrangeiros. 


AUGMEXTO    do    IMPOSTO    de    EXPORTAVAO    SOBRE    BAXAXAS    EM 

HONDURAS. 

O  Govemo  aiigmentou  o  direito  de  exporta^ao  so])re  ))ananas  de 
dous  a  tres  centavos  por  cacho,  cujo  producto  soni  api)lica(lo  a  obras 
de  melhoramento  dos  portos  septentrionaos  (bi  Republica,  assim 
dotando-os  de  melhores  facilidades  para  arexportacao  de  bananas. 


MEXICO    COMO    VISTO    POR    SEU   MINISTRO    DA    FAZEXDA. 

O  relatorio  annual  do  Sr.  Licenciado  Jose  Yves  Limaxtour,  o 
illustre  Ministro  da  Fazenda  da  Republica  do  Mexico,  em  que  da 
uma  revista  do  estado  economico  do  paiz,  constitue  uma  epocha  nos 
annaes  mexicanos.     O  relatorio  que  apresentou  ao  Con^^resso  "^^iiVow^ 


194    SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANA8. 

em  14  de  dezembro  de  1907  deve  ser  lido  por  todos  aquelles  que 
desejam  obter  mais  exacto  conhecimento  dos  negocios  mexicanos. 
Piiblicamos  neste  numero  do  Boletim  um  resumo  do  relatorio  que 
mostra  as  condi^oes  muito  lisonjeiras  desta  importante  parte  da 
Uniao  Pan-Americana. 

As  estatisticas  do  commercio  no  primeiro  trimestre  do  exercicio  de 
1907-8,  mostram  um  augmento  de  mais  de  $5,000,000,  tanto  na  im- 
porta^ao  como  na  exporta^ao  da  Republica.  Este  resultado  6  muito 
satisfactorio,  pois  no  periodo  correspondente  dos  dous  exercicios  an- 
terioros,  houve  diminui^ao  na  exporta^ao. 

As  pessoas  que  tdm  empenho  em  promover  o  trafico  pelo  Isthmo, 
tomam  grande  intercsse  pelas  obrcs  de  melhoramento  eln  construc9fto 
e  em  projecto  nos  pontos  terminaes  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Tehuan- 
tepec.  15  a  inten^ao  do  Govcmo  dotar  os  portos  de  Salina  Cruz  e 
Coatzocoalcos  de  melhoramentos,  de  modo  que  figurem  entre  os 
princi])aes  portos  commcrciaes  do  mundo. 


MENSAGEM   DO   PRESIDENTE   DE    NICARAGUA. 

A  monsagem  qixe  o  Prcsidente  Zelaya  apresentou  ao  Congresso 
Nacional  cm  1°  dc  dezembro  de  1907,  6  um  documento  importante 
em  que  da  a  historia  e  rcsultados  da  Conferencia  de  Paz  reunida 
rocentomente  em  Washington. 

A  ccmcessao  feita  polo  Govemo  aos  Srs.  Guerrero  e  MoREiRApara 
a  explora^uo  das  florestas  de  borracha  da  Republica,  pelo  prazo 
do  doz  annos,  foi  transforida  a  ^'The  Atlantic  Industrial  Company." 

A  nova  1(4  do  inarcas  do  fabrica  o  do  commercio  que  foi  promulgada 
om  20  de  novombro  de  1907,  visa  a  protoc^ao  das  industrias  nacionaes 
0  o.stran<;(uras. 


RELATORIO     APRESEXTADO     PELO    CONSUL    DOS     ESTADOS    UXIDOS     EM 

rOLOX,    PANAMA. 

Sogundo  ()  rolatorio  (lue  o  Sr.  James  G.  Kellogg,  Consul  dos 
Estados  Tnidos  om  Colon,  dirigiu  ao  sou  Govorno  sobre  o  movimonto 
connnorcial  do  porto  do  Bocas  del  Toro,  as  importa^des  effectuadas 
l>or  este  porto  no  oxorcicio  de  1907  augmontaram,  ao  passo  que  as 
oxporta^oos  no  mosmo  poriodo  diminuiram.  Espera-se  que,  com 
a  oxporta^-ao  do  bananas  para  a  Europa,  para  o  que  os  vapores 
estao  sondo  ofiuipados  com  camaras  frigorificas,  o  movimento  coni- 
morcial  no  corrente  oxorcicio  dara  outro  resultado.  Os  Estados 
Unidos  occupam  o  primoiro  logar  no  commercio  deste  porto. 


SECBETARIA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLTCAS  AMERICAN  AS.    196 
UM   BANCO    NACIOXAL   NO   PARAGUAY. 

Foi  apresentado  ao  Congresso  do  Paraguay  um  projecto  de  lei 
autorizando  a  crea^ao  de  um  banco,  com  o  capital  de  $20,000,000, 
euro,  e  a  denomina^ao  de  Banco  da  Republica.  As  condi^Ses  sob 
as  quaes  fimccionari,  sEo  publicadas  neste  numero  do  Boletim. 


NOVO  SERVIC'O  de  NAVEGAgAO  A  VAPOR  ENTRE  NEW  YORK  E  CALLAO. 

Com  a  inaugura^ao  do  novo  servi^o  de  vapores  entre  New  York  e 
Calico,  por  via  de  Panamd,  serd  dado  um  grande  passo  no  desen- 
volvimento  do  commercio  entre  as  duas  secgoes.  Esta  linha  est^ 
sob  a  administra;;ao  da  Companhia  Nacional  de  Vapores  e  Doca 
Fluctuante  de  CalUo,  e  espera-se  que  esteja  em  opera^ao  cm  principios 
de  1908.  Al^m  de  ter  um  capital  de  $15,000,000,  a  linha  receber^* 
do  Govemo  do  Peru  uma  subven^ao  de  $1 ,500,000. 


RENDAS    ADUANEIRAS    DE    SALVADOR. 


Segundo  os  dados  estatisticos  mais  recentes,  as  rendas  arrecada- 
das  pelas  alfandegas  da  Republica  no  primeiro  trimestre  de  1907, 
foram  na  importancia  de  $543,624.72,  o  que  mostra  uma  diminui^ao 
de  $145,904.42,  comparadas  com  as  de  egual  periodo  do  anno  anterior. 


RENDAS  ADUANEIRAS  DO  URUGUAY. 

Ainda  que  as  rendas  aduaneiras  do  Uruguay  arrecadadas  no  mez 
de  outubro  de  1907,  mostram  uma  pequena  diminui^ao,  em  confronto 
com  as  do  mez  correspondente  de  1906,  as  rendas  totaes  arrecadadas 
nos  dez  mezes  fmdos  em  outubro,  accusam  um  augmento,  sendo  de 
$11,271,871,  contra  $11,006,639,  em  egual  periodo  do  anno  anterior. 

A  lei  de  impostos  para  1908,  como  foi  submettida  pelo  poder  logis- 
lativo,  contem  varias  modifica^oes  de  importancia.  p]ni  virtude  de 
uma  das  suas  disposi^oes,  o  impost o  a  que  estao  sujeitos  os  premios 
de  companhias  estrangeiras  de  seguro  funccionando  no  paiz,  6 
augmentado  de  3  a  7  por  cento. 

AUGMENTO    NOS   DIREITOS    DE    IMPORTAr;AO   DE    VENEZUELA. 

O  Govemo  de  Venezuela  promulgou  um  decreto  em  14  de  novembro 
de  1907,  estabelecendo  iim  imposto  addicional  sobre  di versos  pro- 
ductos  alimenticios  e  de  uso  domestico. 


196    SECBETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  BEPXJBLICAS  AM£BICA2(A8. 

PRIMEIRO  CONGRESSO  SCIENTIFICO  PAN- 
AMERICANO- 

O  Primeiro  Congresso  Scientifico  Latino-Americano  realizou-se  em 
Buenos  Aires,  capital  da  Republica  Argentina,  em  1908.  A  segunda 
sessao  do  Congresso  teve  lugar  em  Montevideo,  capital  da  Republica 
Oriental  do  Uruguay,  em  1901,  e  o  Terceiro  Congresso  reuniu-se  no 
Kio  de  Janeiro,  capital  do  Brazil,  em  1905. 

Agora  ficou  determinado  que  o  Quarto  Congresso  se  realizasse  em 
Santiago  durante  os  prinieiros  dez  dias  de  dezembro  de  1908,  e  o 
goTcmo  do  Chile  jd  expediu  convites  nesse  sentido. 

Foi  resolvido  tambem  anipliar  o  escopo  do  Congresso,  de  forma  que 
abranja  todas  as  Republicas  Americanas  e  para  isso  o  govemo  do 
Cliile  foz  uni  convite  official  ao  govemo  dos  Estados  Unidos.  Alte- 
rou-sc  a  denomina^ao  do  Congresso.  Em  vez  de  Quarto  Congresso 
wScientifico  Latino- Americano,  sera  denominado  o  Primeiro  Congresso 
wSdontifico  Pan-Americano,  denomina^ao  essa  que  estd  mais  de 
accordo  com  sua  ampliada  represent a^'ao. 

O  Prosidonto  Roosevelt,  na  mensagem  com  que  apresentou  ao 
Congresso  o  rolatorio  do  Secret ario  Root  sobre  o  assumpto,  recom- 
nicnda  ([ue  o  Congresso  vote  uma  verba  sufficiente  para  a  devida 
represcntavAo  dos  Estados  Unidos. 


A  ESQUADRA  AMEEICANA  NO  RIO  DE 
JANEIRO. 

Em  vista  do  interesse  geral  que  tern  despertado  a  presen^a  da 
csc|ua(lra  aniericana  em  aguas  brazileiras  e  da  importancia  dos  dis- 
cursos  pronunciados  por  essa  occasiao  e  dos  telegrammas  troca^Ios 
entre  os  Governos  do  Brazil  e  dos  Estailos  Unidos,  transcrevemos 
alguns  delles  para  as  nossas  columnas. 

()  Embaixador  do  Brazil  em  Washington  recebeu  do  Barao  Rio 
Bkanco,  Mlnistro  das  Rela^Oos  Exterit)res  do  Brazil,  o  seguinte  tele- 
graunua,  annunciando  a  chegada  da  esquadra  ao  Rio  de  Janeiro  em 
l^i  (Ic  Janeiro: 

**()s  pieparalivos  dos  f(*stejos  principiaram  no  momento  em  que  se 
vin  fluctuan<lo  do  Palacio  de  Monroo»  onde  se  realizou  a  Confereucia 
Pan-Anicricana,  a  l)an(leira  l)razileira  rodeada  por  quatro  bandeiras 
anu'iicaiias." 

Mais  tardc  forani  trocudos  entre  os  (lovernos  do  Brazil  e  dos 
Estados  Unitlos  telegrannnjLs  (|/^  cortezia. 

\o  dia  1  >  de  Janeiro,  o  Presidente  Affoxso  Pexxa  do  Brazil 
envion  o  s(»guin((»  telet^ranuna  ao  Presidente  <los  Estados  Unidos: 


A  ESQUAORA   AMERICANA   NO  BIO   DE  JANEIRO.  197 

^'Tive  esta  tarde  o  grande  content amento  de  reccber  e  ficar  conhe- 
cendo  pessoalmente  os  Almirantes  e  Commandantcs  da  frota  ameri- 
CAna  em  viagem  para  o  Oceano  Pacifico.  Congratulo-me  comvt>sco 
pela  foliz  chef:ada  dessa  tfio  poderosa  c  bom  oxercitada  frota  ao  Rio  de 
JaiieirOy  e  tenho  vivo  prazer  em  informar-vos  de  que  a  popula^ao  de 
nossa  capital  se  associou  espontanea  e  calorosamente,  desde  o  primeiro 
momento,  &s  autoridades  navaes  brazileiras  nas  demonstra^ocs  do 
fraternal  amizade  aos  marinheiros  amoricanos  c  d  ^ando  Ropiil)lica 
do  Xorte,  por  cuja  constante  prosperidade  e  gloria  o  Brazil  intoiro  faz 
OS  niais  cordoaos  votos. 

*'Affoxso  Pexna/' 

O  Presidente  Roosevelt  enviou  ao  President  o  Affonso  Penxa 
o  segiiinte  telegramma  em  resposta: 

''  15  do  JANEIRO   DE    1008. 

"  Agrade^'O-vos  a  bondosa  communica^ao  quo  mo  fizostos  por  occa- 
siao  da  chegada  da  esquadra  amoricana  ao  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Causou-me 
e  ha  de  caiisar  ao  povo  americano  a  mais  viva  satisfacvao.  Xos  todos 
nos  confessamos  profundamente  reconhecidos  polas  distinctas  atton- 
^oes  e  hospitalidade  com  que  o  Govemo  o  o  povo  do  Brazil  recoboram 
Dossos  ofHciaes  e  marinheiros.  Os  navios  de  giiorra  amoricanos  nao 
exLstem  para  outro  fim  senao  o  de  proteger  a  paz  contra  a  possivol 
oppressao,  e  a  justi^a  contra  a  possivol  oppressao.  Entre  os  Est  ados 
Unidos  e  o  Brazil  esses  navios  njlo  sao  navios  de  guerra,  mas  sim 
mensageiros  de  amizade  e  boa  vontado,  incumbidos  de  colobrar  jimto 
de  v6s  as  rola^5es  de  amizade  o  auxilio  mutuo,  existentes  desde  lia 
longi-H  annos  e  que  nunca  hao  de  ser  quebradas,  entre  as  duas  grandes 
Republicas." 

BRIXDE    DO    PRESIDENTE    AFFOXSO   PEX'XA. 

For  oceasiao  do  lunch  que  o  Govemo  do  Brazil  ofTc^nn'Ou  a  ofliciali- 
dade  da  esquadra  americana;  em  15  de  Janeiro,  o  Prt^sidente  Affonso 
Pexxa  fez  o  seguinte  brinde: 

**0  acolhimento  caloroso  e  fraternal  que  o  ])ovo  da  capital  da 
Kepublica  tern  feito  A  poderosa  esquadra  americuna  ora  entre  nos  deve 
ter  tlemoiistrado  a  todos  quanto  sao  profimdas  o  sinceras  a  sympatha 
e  a  amizade  que  animam  a  na9ao  brazilcira  para  com  a  sua  grande  e 
pro>pera  irman  da  America  do  Norte.  Xao  se  trata  de  seniimentos 
ephemeros  e  passagoiros,  pois  datam  do  l)erro  da  nossa  naciionalidado 
e  vem  crescendo  sempre,  estreitando-se  cada  voz  mais  os  laeos  do 
an)izade  e  as  rc^la^oes  economicas  entre  as  duas  nar oes. 

"Quando  as  povos  sul-americanos  procbunaram  a  sua  iudepen- 
dencia,  nessc  momento  cheio  de  duvidas  e  vacilla^oes  (|uanto  ao  sou 
futuro,  nfto  Ihes  faltou  a  anima^ao  da  joven  Repul)lica  Americana, 
declarando  s(demnemente  a  indestructivel  solidariedade  entre  os 
povos  do  Novo  Mundo  pela  voz  do  s(»u  grande  PresideuVo  '^\i:>^Yvav., 


198    SECRETARIA  TNTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS, 

cujo  nome  figura  na  historia  de  modo  brilhante  como  de  estadista  de 
largo  descortino  e  de  rara  presciencia  politica. 

^'O  longo  e  difficil  cruzeiro  da  poderosa  esquadra  que  o  Brazil 
hoje  hospeda,  contomando  o  continente  americano  em  toda  a  sua 
extensao,  constitue  nova  e  magnifica  demonstra^ao  do  inexcedivel 
vigor  e  da  extraordinaria  onergia  do  grande  povo  amigo. 

^^Brindo  pela  gloriosa  marinha  americana,  pela  prosperidado  da 
Republica  dos  Estados  Unidos  da  America,  pela  felicidade  pessoal  do 
seu  eminente  chefe,  o  grande  estadista,  Senhor  Theodore  Roose- 
velt.'^ 

Os  seguintes  telegrammas  foram  tambem  trocados  entre  o  De- 
part amento  de  Estado  dos  Estados  Unidos  e  o  Embaixador  Ameri- 
cano junto  ao  Governo  do  Brazil: 

O  EMBAIXADOR  AMERICANO  NO  BRAZIL  AO  SECRETARIO  ROOT. 

15    de    JANEIRO   DE    1908. 

Recep^ao  da  esquadra  pela  imprensa  e  povo  motivo  de  grande 
satisfac^ao.  Manifesta^oes  cordiaes  para  com  os  Estados  Unidos  per 
toda  a  parte.  Presidente  do  Brazil  recebe  com  ardor  os  officiaes  e 
offereco-lhes  jantar.  As  bandeiras  brazileira  e  americana  fluctuam 
juntas  sobre  o  Palacio  Monroe,  aonde  no  dia  20  o  Bar&o'  Rio  Bbanco 
ofTerece  banquete  d  ofFicialidade  da  esquadra,  600  talheres,  sendo  RuY 
Barbosa  orador  official. 

SECRETARIO    ROOT   AO    EMBAIX.VDOR   AMERICANO   NO   BRAZIL. 

15   DE   JANEIRO   DE    1908. 

Pe^o-vos  (jue  apresenteis  ao  Barao  Rio  Branco  os  meus  sinceros 
agradecimentos  e  os  do  Govcmo  americano  pela  cordial  hospitalidade 
com  que  o  Presidente  e  o  Governo  do  Brazil  estilo  recebendo  a  esqua- 
tlra  americana.  ^  muito  agradavel  saber  que  a  mesma  amizade  que 
me  foi  tuo  generosamente  dispensada  em  1906,  nao  foi  abalada  eon- 
forme  mostra  a  recep^fio  aos  meus  patricios.  O  povo  americano 
ficara  nuiito  agradecido  pelas  cordeaes  attendees  que  estfto  sendo  tlis- 
pensadas  aos  sous  marinheiros.  Minlias  cordeaes  recommenda^des 
pessoaes  ao  Barao  de  Rio  Branco.  O  Presidente  Roosevelt  jA  tele- 
graphou  directamente  ao  Presidente  Penna. 


CARTA    SIGNIFICATIVA    DO    PRESIDENTE 
ROOSEVELT. 

0  Professor  L.  S.  Rowe,  da  Universidade  de  Pennsylvania,  que  foi 

um  dos  delegados  dos  Estados  I'nidos  a  Terceira  Conferencia  Inter- 

nacicmal  Americana  reunida  no  Rio  de  Janeiro  em  julho  de  1906,  fex, 

npos   i)   encerramento   da   Conferencia,  uma  extensa  viaf|;em  pelos 

paizos  da  America  do  Sul  que  durou  \uw  titvuo  e  meio. 


BEPUBLICA  ARGENTINA.  199 

Desdc  que  regressou  da  America  do  Sul,  o  Professor  Rowe  con- 
ferenciou  com  o  Presidente  Roosevelt  relativamente  aos  fins  e  resid- 
taclos  de  sua  viagem  e  os  pianos  que  tem  elaborado  para  a  promo^ao 
de  rela^des  intellectuaes  mais  estreitas  entre  os  Estados  Unidos  c  as 
suas  irmas  do  Sul.  Neste  numero  do  Boletim  reproduzimos  a  carta 
que  o  Presidente  Roosevelt  dirigiu  ao  Professor  Rowe,  manifes- 
tando  sua  aprecia^So  pelos  sens  trabalhos. 

"Meu  Caro  Senhor  Rowe:  Tenho  tornado  muito  interesse  pela 
<lescrip^fio  da  viagem  que  fizestes  pela  America  do  Sul  e  os  varios 
pianos  por  vos  elaborados  para  fortalecer  as  rela^oes  intellectuaes 
existentes  entre  a  parte  septentrional  e  meridional  do  continente. 
Julgo  de  grande  conveniencia  que,  al4m  das  rela^oes  de  amizade 
existentes  entre  os  Govemos  das  Republicas  Americanas,  se  estabe- 
le^am  rela^des  pessoaes  entre  os  leaders  da  opiniao  publica  nessas 
Republicas.  Taes  rela^des  pessoaes  tendem  poderosamente  para 
clestniir  os  preconceitos  e  concep^fies  erroneas  resultantes  da  falta 
de  conhecimento  mutuo.  Neste  hemispherio  occidental,  cada  uma 
das  Republicas  pode  tanto  aprender  como  ensinar  as  outras,  quando 
posta  em  contacto  com  suas  irmas. 

'*Creio  que  nao  ha  melhores  meios  de  conseguir  este  residtado 
que  as  universidades  americanas.  Ha  muitos  problemas  economicos, 
sociaes  e  industriaes — para  nfio  fallar  de  outros  mais  estrictamente 
scientificos — que  sILo  distinctamente  americanos  em  seu  caractor  e 
continentaes  em  seu  escopo.  Com  a  coopera^ao  dos  estud antes  e 
homens  investigadores  de  nossas  differentes  Republicas,  a  experiencia 
accumulada  deste  hemispherio  poderd  ser  applicada  k  solu^ao  desses 
problemas,  com  maiores  probabilidades  de  exito.  A  communidade 
de  opiniSo  e  de  ac^&o,  assim  produzidas,  servir^i  tambem  para  forta- 
lecer cada  vez  mais  os  la^os  de  amizade  entre  todos  os  povos  deste 
hemispherio  occidental. 

"Fa^o  votos  para  que  este  movimento  tenlia  exito. 

"Sou  com  toda  a  consideracao, 

Theodoke  Roosevelt." 


REPUBLICA  ARGENTINA. 

COMMEBCIO  EXTEBIOIt,  PBIMEIItOS  NOVE  MEZES  DE  1007. 

A  Reparti^ao  de  Estatistica  da  RepubHca  Argentina  acaba  de 
publicar  seu  boletim  *'E1  Comercio  Exterior  Argentino,"  contendo  os 
dados  estatisticos  do  commercio  exterior  da  Republica  durante  os 
primeiros  nove  mezes  de  1907.  Desses  algarismos  se  vc  que  a  inipor- 
ta^&o  nesse  periodo  foi  no  valor  de  $202,835,218  ouro,  ou  mais 
$5,519,704  que  em  egual  periodo  de  1900,  e  a  exporta^ao  foi  no  valor 

24181— BuU.  1—08 14 


200     SECRETARIA  IXTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLTCAS  AMERICAKAS. 

de  $240,878,611,  ou  mais  $10,247,350  que  em  cgual  periodo  do  anno 
anterior.  Das  importa^des,  $128,184,517  representam  o  valor  das 
que  pagaram  direitos  de  importa^ao,  e  $74,650,701,  as  que  entraram 
livres  de  direitos.  As  importa^des  de  ouro  e  de  prata  foram  no  valor 
de  $23,440,946.  Das  exportaySes,  $868  representam  o  valor  das  mer- 
cadorias  (jue  pagaram  direitos  de  exporta^fio  e  $240,877,743,  as  que 
foram  isentas  de  direitos.  As  exporta^oes  de  ouro  e  de  prata  no 
periodo  em  reforencia  foram  no  valor  de  $281,750. 

Desses  algarismos  resulta  um  balan^o  commereial  a  favor  da  Re- 
publica  do  $38,043,393,  ao  passo  que  as  importa^des  de  ouro  c  de 
prata  excederam  as  exporta^oes  desses  metaes  em  $23,159,193. 

Xa  importa^ao  o  Reino  Unido  figura  em  primeiro  lugar  com  $71,- 
964,236,  seguindo-se-lhe  a  Allemanha  com  $32,131,549;  os  Estados 
Unidos  com  $26,476,423;  a  Franca  com  $18,447,927;  Italia  com 
$17,577,375;  Belgica  com  $11,471,881;  Brazil  com  $5,371,957;  Hes- 
panha  com  $5,191,250;  Uruguay,  $1,874,291;  Austria-Hungria, 
$1,731,721 ;  OS  Paizes  Baixos,  $1,162,333;  Paraguay,  $983,143;  Chile, 
$313,955;  Bolivia,  $105,457,  e  Africa,  $15,997. 

Comprchendidos  na  classificac^ao  ^'outros  paizes  de  origem''  estAo: 
Australia,  $44,418;  Canada,  $687,141;  Colombia,  $2,493;  Cuba, 
$386,964;  China,  $404,409;  Dinamarca,  $36,744;  Equador,  823,528; 
Egypto,  $1,103;  Grecia,  $31,555;  Oautemala,  $689;  Japfio,  $147,764; 
Mexico,  $3,622;  Xoruega,  $336,171;  Persia,  $547;  Peru,  $531,843; 
Portugal,  $208,287;  Colonias  francezas,  $6,875;  colonias  hollandezas, 
$30,030;  cohmias  inglozas,  $2,641,515;  colonias  norteamericanas, 
$9,855;  Koumania,  $1,675;  Russia,  $261,815;  Salvador,  $708;  Re^ 
publica  Dominicana,  $287;  Suecia,  $280,076;  Suissa,  $1,567,371; 
Turciuia,  $30,044;  c  Venezuela,  $9,633. 

Coinparando-seas  importa^'oes  com  as  de  egual  periodo  de  1906, 
verifica-so  ({iiv  liouvc  aiigniontos  nas  import a^iVs  provenientes  dos 
segiiintcs  paizes:  Allemanha,  S3,617,96S;  (Ira  Bretanha,  $2,803,301; 
Belgica,  $2,262,006;  Austria-IIungria,  $545,587;  Uruguay,  $520,521; 
Brazil,  $508,085;  Paraguay,  SS  1,318,  e  Bohvia,  $10,862. 

ll()iiv<»    diininuivao   nas   importavoes   provenientes   dos   sc^guintes 
l)aizcs:   Fraiiva,  $2,210,608:  Italia,  $1,000,307:  os  Estados  Unidos, 
$710,820:   Hcspanha,  $358,155;  Cl;ile,  $132,410:  os   Paizes  Baixos, 
827,344,  c  Africa,  $r),205. 

Os  ])aizcs  (juc  iin])ortaram  gcnen)s  da  Kcpublica  Argentina  durante 
OS  ])rimciros  novc  mczos  de  1007  foram  a  (Ira  Bretaniia,  que  occupa  o 
primeiro  liignr  com  $40,561,378:  a  Allemanha,  com  $28,784,527; 
Franva,  com  82s,:j.->  1,504:  Belgica,  $24,6:>7,8N2:  Brazil,  $10,338,686; 
OS  Kstados  Tnidos.  $8,627,041:  (»s  Paizes  Baixos,  $3,526,970;  Italia, 
$:J,JO;5J05:  rrugUHy,$2,s;^0,s:i3:  Chile,  SI. 5S6.677:  Africa  ,$1,326,650 
Ilespanha,  .SI,2S7,154:  Bc^livia.  $54:),S5:{:  Ausiria-llungria,  $521,492, 
o  Vnrn^uny,  ?117.i:;o. 


BEPrBLIOA    ABGENTmA. 


201 


Xa  elaseifica^fto  "outrospaizes  de  destino"  esttlo  coinprehendidos: 
Cuba,  $217,811;  Dinamarca,  $89,238;  Noruega,  $1,061,144;  Peru, 
$90,613;  Portugal,  $25,401 ;  colonias  francezas,  $684;  colonias  inglezas 
$45,197,  e  Suecia,  $665,149. 

Ilouve  augmonto  nas  exporta?6es  para  os  seguintes  paizes:  Gra 
Bretanha,  $9,300,538;  Belgica,  $5,027,366;  Franca,  $3,711,702; 
Brazil,  $1,598,683;  os  Paizes  Baixos,  $1,189,856;  Austria-Himgria, 
$486,951 ;  Cliile,  $430,984,  e  Bolivia,  $246,076. 

Xota-se  uma  diniinui^ao  nas  exporta^oes  para  os  seguintes  paizes: 
Africa,  $1,957,171;  OS  Estados  Unidos,  $1,701,312;  Italia,  $1,526,770; 
Uruguay,  $977,049;  Hespanha,  $574,033;  Allemanha,  $399,408,  e 
Paraguay,  $17,709. 

O  Talor  da  import a^fio  durante  os  primeiros  nove  mezes  de  1907  foi 
o  maior  registrado  durante  o  decennio  de  1898-1907,  ao  passo  que  o 
valor  da  export a^fio  apenas  foi  excedido  no  anno  de  1905,  quando 
ascendeu  a  $247,110,133. 

O  valor  do  commercio  de  importa^ao  para  todo  o  anno  6  calculado 
em  $268,655,917,  comparado  com  $269,970,521  em  1906,  ao  passo  que 
o  valor  da  exportapfto  para  o  anno  6  calculado  em  $318,622,501 ,  contra 
$202,253,829  no  anno  anterior. 

O  seguinte  quadro  mostra  os  generos  import  ados  durante  os  pri- 
meiros nove  mezes  de  1907,  com  sens  respectivos  valores,  comparados 
com  OS  do  periodo  correspondente  de  1006: 


ffVIU^VO*. 


Asil2yv»4  TtrtMt ..-,— , 

PioducuM  aliniKinicto*.. -..,.*. 

Wmx»  ■  mms  manufaftumt. 

llnfanft  e  bebHa*  e^spirituoflsa , .. 

T«rf<*oa ,..„..,... 

Ole^A,  etc* _,,„_.,..,.  — . . . . 

Fredtvrtoft  chlmicdA  <*  phttmuMUtUms. 
TinUi  *  mftterlB*  c^irnnl**. ......_.., 

Mmdfin*  e  nam  manuIiAtums. 

rmptleniasniAiiufuGtUf^s.-, ^... 

CouTOB  t  Miai  manufACttiniA. .....-.,, 

Ferm  c  u^o  e  MUis  mwiuf^wtmaaw . . . . « 

Oulfos  ixwta« ,,,,„. 

rcmaUio*  a^ricolatf. 

Vaifirnkxe  partem  delle». ..,,., 

ObjwKn  de  <«rainlca. .  „,«..... , 

M^triifte*  lie  eonslniccio* 

Aiip«nnko«  *»Njtffco»,  - .  - 

OQir«s»rtifff>ft....... 


J*riinciroa 

I>l(Trtnti^:ii 

TIOT*?  m^EPB 

para  rriAi»  oil 

di'  ipo:. 

piini  moiiofi. 

%i,'m,m 

^        84,177 

i4,m,^ 

+  1,427,3.50 

3,3U441 

—      313,171 

S, 638,272 

-    m,oos 

3t>,  774^332 

-  T,2o:ij:« 

&,70§.48g 

+      152, 4?3 

«, 758, ISO 

+        53,n30 

J,O90,4M 

-        77,4«2 

4,142.710 

+        W.fia^l 

d,mi,<m 

+    M^.mi 

1,61W,US 

-      23.K.%VI 

21,881.S.5ft 

-  :iMih\m 

5.005,^ 

^    *jj2,&i>n 

jn.4a^,nri4 

-  \,^^,m 

40,704.ST2 

+  Hi,2TO,7ri» 

14,$152,0S2 

-    4i2,o:>.'i 

I5,7a4,4lf2 

4-       r.fll.040 

3,487,013 

+      aWT.lS4 

&,020,H58 

+■        47,21D 

Os  generos  exportados  nos  dous  ])eriod().s  em  comparavao  foram 
OS  seguintes: 


Generos. 


Primoiros 
novo  mezos 
de  1J)07, 


J 

Pndoctos  anfanaet $88 ,  246 ,  r/iT. 

PvodfKtos  agrleolM 14t),40(NOHl  i 

FrodBcto*  toiMiMs 3,9r.«i,7.)5  j 

Pndaetos  mliuirM 4W.61U  ! 

PioABtMteeioft G(W,r*S5 

PiDdoefos  dlTvraos. l,V^,OAo 


DilToronga 

para  maisoii 

I  para  me  nos. 


$l,4f>4.953 
+  K>,ri24,7,'U 

-    m^ASo 

+      302,712 


202     SECRETARIA  IXTERNACIONAL.  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 
BENDAS  INTEBNAS,  PBIMEIItOS  NOVE  MEZES  DE  1007. 

A  aiTccada^ao  dos  impostos  intemos  durante  os  primeiros  nove 
mezes  do  1907  attingiu  &  somma  de  $31,493,006.17,  papel,  e  $21,641, 
ouro, contra  $28,744,276. 68, papel,e  $19,634.16,  ouro,emegual  periodo 
do  anno  anterior. 

ISEN9A0  DE  DIBEITOS  DE  IMPOBTA9AO  CONCEDIDA  AOS  MACHI- 
NISMOS  PAJEIA  MINEBA9A0  E  ESTABELECIMEirrOS  METAIXmEl- 
GICOS. 

A  lei  federal  de  30  de  setembro  de  1907  concede  isen^So  de  direitos 
de  importaf  ao,  pelo  prazo  de  dez  annos,  aos  machinismos,  instmmen- 
t OS  0  materiaes  destinados  ^  explora^ao  de  minas  e  ds  usinas  metallur- 
gic'as  jA  estabelecidas  ou  que  vierem  a  estabelecer-se  na  Republica. 
Estilo  tamboni  coniprehendidos  nas  disposi^oes  destalei,  as  machinas, 
instruinontos  e  materiaes  que  forem  importados  para  a  abertura  de 
po^'os. 

As  pessoas  ([ue  desejarem  obter  este  favor,  deverao  requerer  ao 
iiiprctor  da  aifandega  por  onde  se  pretende  importar  os  ditos  mate- 
riaes. As  dospozas  foitas  com  &  verificagao  dos  materiaes  correrfio  por 
conta  do  roquerente. 

BRAZIL. 

REND  AS  ADUANEIRAS,  PBIMEIBOS  NOVE  MEZES  DE  1007. 

0  nMuliineiilo  ])roduzido  pelas  alfandegas  da  Republica  durante  os 
iui\  <^  prinuMros  inezes  de  1907  attingiu  a  218,644: 174$000,  comparado 
roin  175,170  :  SloSOOO  em  igual  periodo  de  1906,  o  que  mostra  um 
iiu^inrnt  o  afavor  dos  nove  primeiros  mezesde  1907,de43,467:  359$000- 


(T-BA. 

BECENSEAMENTO  DA  BEPXJBLICA  EM  1907. 

Segundo  o  relatorio  sobre  o  rccensoamento  de  1907  que  o  Director 
Geral  do  Censo  submottou  em  dezembro  ao  Govemador  Provisorio 
do  Cuba,  a  popula^ao  da  Republica  6  do  2,028,282  habitantes.  O 
soguinto  ((uadro  domonstra  a  popula^ao,  por  provincias,  comparada 
com  o  nu'(»iiscainonl()  do  1S90. 


I'rovimius.                                                              j  1^99.               1W7. 

I'Iruir  fW\  Kio ;  173.082 

Ha  hjina 424,811  = 

Mittun/itH 302,4112 

SmitH  (liiru 3S6,!a7 

C^arii.iK'i'  y R8,237 

Orif'Ulo 327,716 


240.  TSl 

518,524 

230,W6 

457.807 

117.4a 

45S,78I 

Tot:i} 1,572.845  !      2,028,281 


EQUADOR.  208 

decisOes  sobbe  extbavios  de  mebcadobias. 

A  *'Gaceta  Oficiar*  de  19  de  outubro  de  1907  contem  uma  circular 
determinando  que  ficarap  sujeitas  a  impostos  de  importa^ao  s6mente 
as  mercadorias  que  f6rem  effectivamente  introduzidas  e  despachadas 
em  Cuba,  e  nao  sobre  as  mercadorias  que  f6rem  extraviadas  durante 
a  viagem  ou  descarga  do  navio,  ainda  que  estejam  declaradas  no 
manifesto  ou  conhecimento  de  carga.  Todas  as  circulares  em  con- 
trario  sfto  revogadas. 

EQUADOR. 

A  EXPOSI9AO  NACIONAL  DE  aiTITO. 

O  Presidente  Alfaro  expediu  um  decreto  em  31  de  outubro  de 
1907,  estabelecendo  as  bases  para  a  organiza^ao  de  uma  grande 
exposi^ao  nacional  em  Quito  commemorativa  do  primeiro  centena- 
rio  do  grito  de  independencia,  que  se  abrir^  no  dia  10  de  agosto 
de  1909. 

O  decreto  estabelece  que  em  terrenos  publicos  proximos  d  capital 
gerao  construidos  imi  grande  edificio  publico  ou  pavilhao  nacional  e 
varios  outros  pavilhSes  menores  destinados  d  exposi^So.  O  conselho 
municipal  da  cidade  de  Quito  providencian\  para  que  seja  construido 
um  magnifico  boulevard  entre  a  cidade  c  o  recinto  da  exposi^ao.  A 
exposi^ao  ser&  organizada  e  dirigida  por  uma  commissao  geral  no- 
meada  pelo  Governo  e  composta  de  trinta  membros;  no  seio  desta 
commissao  ser4  formado  um  directorio  executivo.  Cada  uma  das 
provincias  da  Republica  nomear^  uma  commissao  seccion'al,  as  quaes 
ficarao  subordinadas  &  commissao  geral. 

A  exposi^ao  tem  por  fim,  al6m  de  sua  fei^ao  commemorativa  e 
historica,  exhibir  os  productos  commerciaes  c  industriaes,  as  artes 
liberaes  e  finan^as  do  Equador.  Haveni  uma  sec^ao  especial  em 
que  ser&  exhibido  o  systema  de  instruc^ao  da  Republica. 

Talvez  a  sec^ao  mais  importanto  da  exposi^'ao  serd  a  destinada  d 
exhibi^ao  dos  productos  florestaes.  Nesta  serao  oxpostas  as  madeiras 
nacionaes,  especialmente  as  diversas  especies  da  arvore  da  borracha, 
OS  processos  de  extrac^ao  e  seu  beneficiainento  para  o  niercado,  com 
photographias  mostrando  todas  as  j)liases  da  cultura  da  borraclia,  a 
que  se  consagra  atten^O,o  especial  no  Equador.  Tambeiu  sorao 
exhibidos  os  p4us  e  cascas  de  tinturaria  e  madeiras  de  construccao. 

Uma  sec9&o  ser&  destinada  4  representa^ao  dos  ramos  ordinarios 
de  agricultura,  taes  como  a  cultura  de  cereaes,  de  plant  as  textis,  a 
exhibi^lio  de  fructas,  a  fabrica9ao  de  assiicar  e  aguardente  0  vinhos. 

Ser&  feita  uma  exhibi^ao  da  sericicultura  com  o  fim  do  desenvolver 
no  paiz  a  industria  da  crea^ao  do  bicho  de  seda.  Para  isso,  trata-se 
de  obter  exhibi^5es  da  China,  Japao,  India,  Madagascar,  ¥r^\!ksv^^ 
Italia,  Hespanha,  Hungria  e  os  Estados  Unidos. 


204    SECRETARIA  INTERNACTOXAL  DAS  REPUBLTCAS  AMERICANAS. 

A  industria  pastoril  que  constitue  uma  das  principaes  industrias 
do  Equador,  assim  como  de  muitas  outras  republicas  da  America  do 
Sul,  sera  bem  representada  na  exposi^ao.  Atten^fio  especial  sei4 
dada  ao  progresso  que  se  tern  feito  na  crea9ao  de  animaes  de  ra^a. 

Haver4  uma  sec^ao  de  pesca,  outra  de  minas,  e  ainda  outra  de  estra- 
das  de  ferro. 

O  Governo  do  Equador  offerece  a.somma  de  10,000,000  sucres  para 
sor  distribuida  em  premios  para  o  mellior  trabalho  literario  sobre 
assumptos  patrioticos  c  liistoricos. 

Ainda  que  a  exposi^'ao  6  organizada  para  a  exliibi^ao  de  productos 
nacionaes,  sao  convidados  a  participarem  nella  os  Govemos  das 
na^oes  estrangeiras. 


ESTADOS  UNIDOS. 

COMHEKCIO  CX>M  OS  PAIZES  LATTNO-AMERICANOS. 

UELA(7AO    MENSAL   DA    IMFOKTA^AO    E    EXPORTA^\VO. 

Oquadro  apresentado  na  pagina  101  ^  extrahido  dos  dados  compi- 
lados  pelo  Chefe  da  Reparti^ao  de  Estatistica  do  Departamento  do 
Commercio  e  Trabalho,  mostrando  o  niovimento  commercial  entre 
OS  Estados  Unidos  c  os  paizos  latino-americanos.  A  rela^fio  corres- 
pond o  ao  mez  de  norembro  de  1907,  com  uma  identica  com  para  tiva 
para  o  mez  corresponden to  do  anno  anterior,  assim  como  para  os  doze 
mozes  findos  om  novembro  de  1907,  comparados  com  o  periodo  corres- 
pondentc  do  anno  precedento.  Dev€»-se  explicar  que  os  algarismos 
das  diversas  alfandegas,  mostrando  as  importa^des  e  exporta^'Oes  de 
lun  so  mez,  sao  rocebidos  no  Departamento  do  Thesouro  at^  quasi 
o  (lia  20  do  mez  soguinto,  e  perde-se  algum  tempo  necessariainente 
em  sua  compilavao  e  impressfio.  Por  conseguinte,  asestatisticas  para 
o  mez  de  noveml)ro,  por  exemplo,  nao  sao  publicadas  at^  os  primeiros 
dias  de  Janeiro. 

GUATEMALA. 

CONDigSES   ECONOMICAS. 

I^m  pamphleto  intcressante  prei)arado  pelo  Sr.  Victor  AounjLR 
Pelaez,  Consul  da  Kepublica  de  Guatemala  em-  lirerpool  e  Man- 
cliester,  contem  as  seguintes  informaroes  sobre  os  recursos  e  actuaos 
condi^oes  economicas  daquelle  paiz. 

As  importa^'oes,  cujo  valor  attingiu  a  $7,220,759  em  1906,  coiisL»- 
tem  de  machinas  de  todas  as  classes,  tecidos  de  li,  algod&o,  seda  e 
linbo,  rbapeos,  j)roiluctos  alimenticios,  vinhos  e  licores,  alimentos 
em  conserva,  porcellana,  lou^a,  obras  de  vidro,  lou^a  cle  ferro,  «rtigo8 


GUATEMALA.  205 

do  armarinho,  pianos,  carruagens,  bilhares,  instnimentos  musioos, 
quadros,  vemizes,  remedios,  perfumarias,  joias,  pedras  preciosas, 
artigos  de  pliantasia,  etc.  Esses  artigos  sao  fomecidos  pelos  seguintes 
paizes:  Estados  Unidos,  AUemanha,  Inglaterra,  Franca,  Italia,  Hes- 
panha,  Belgica,  Suissa,  Austria,  HoUanda,  Japao,  China,  Mexico, 
Peru,  Chile  e  as  outras  Republicas  da  America  Central. 

As  exporta^jdes,  cujo  valor  foi  de  $7,136,271  em  1906,  consistem 
principalmente  de  caf6,  assucar,  bananas,  madeiras,  couros,  borra- 
cha,  plantas  medicinaes,  fructas,  etc.  Exportam-se  annualmente 
cerca  de  50,000  toneladas  de  caf6,  que  6  o  principal  artigo  de  exporta- 
9ao.  Os  paizes  que  importam  generos  de  procedencia  de  Guatemala 
sao  OS  Estados  Unidos,  Allemanha,  Inglaterra,  Franca,  Italia,  Austria- 
Ilungria,  Hespanha,  Belgica  e  Chile. 

O  commercio  exterior  augmenta  constantemente  e  com  a  abertura 
ao  trafego  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  Intercontinental  entre  San  Jos6  no 
Pacifico  e  Puerto  Barrios  no  Atlantico,  na  extensao  total  de  269 
milhas,  h^o  de  se  augmentar  muito  as  facilidades  para  o  transporte 
dos  productos  nacionaes  para  os  portos  de  mar. 

As  estradas  de  ferro  que  estao  actualmente  em  trafego  sao  a  Central, 
a  Oeste,  a  Ocos,  a  Verapaz  e  a  de  Guatemala,  devendo  ser  inaugurada 
a  Estrada  de  Ferro  do  Norte  no  mez  de  dezembro  de  1907. 

As  produc^des  de  Guatemala  sao  abundantes  c  variadas.  No 
reino  vegetal  encontram-se  todas  as  variodades  de  plantas,  flores  e 
fructas  proprias  das  zonas  torrida  c  temperada.  Existem  no  paiz 
ricas  minas  de  ouro,  prata,  cobre,  ferro,  chumbo,  zinco,  antimonio, 
car\'ao  de  pedra,  mannore,  enxofre,  mica,  etc. 

A  agricultura,  por^m,  constituc  a  principal  fonte  de  riqueza  e  na 
sua  explora^ao  estao  empregados  a  maior  parte  dos  capitaes  estran- 
geiros.  Devido  d  extraordinaria  fertilidade  do  solo,  nao  se  necessi- 
tam  adubos  e  a  grande  humidade  do  clinia,  mesmo  na  esta^ao  secca, 
toma  desnecessaria  a  irriga^ao. 

Em  certas  regiSes  da  costa  podem-se  obter  duas  ou  tres  colheitas 
de  productos  por  anno.  Existem  extensas  planta^oes  de  cafe,  canna 
de  assucar,  cacAo,  bananas,  cereaes,  etc.,  ao  passo  que  nos  departa- 
mentos  septentrionaes  do  paiz  numerosas  companhias  nacionaes  c 
estrangeiras  occupam-se  na  explora^ao  das  florestas,  as  (juaes  contem 
madeiras  duras  em  abundancia,  principalmente  o  mogno  e  o  cedro. 
A  borracha  6  tambem  cultivada  com  excellentes  resultados. 

Quanto  aos  productos  manufacturados,  sao  dignos  do  men^ao 
diversos  artigos  por  sua  boa  qualidade.  Os  tecidos  de  la  e  de  algodao, 
OS  moveis  e  cal^jado  de  fabrica  nacional,  podem  comparar-se  favora- 
velmente  com  os  similares  estrangeiros.  Outros  artigos  de  produc- 
^fto  nacional  s&o:  Chap^os,  sellins,  artigos  de  fibras,  tecidos  de  junco, 
lou^a  de  barro,  pe^as  de  esculptura,  instnunentos  musicos,  sabao, 
▼elas,  charutos,  cigarros,  (jueijo,  manteiga,  cerveja,  aguas  uui\e\!^^^, 


206    SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

gelo,  aguardeiite,  etc.  Os  nacionaes  tfem  muito  geito  para  aprender 
novos  officios  e  abundam  no  paiz  as  materias  primas. 

A  Republica  tern  uma  superficie  de  125,000  kilometres  quadrados 
e  sua  populapao  6  calculada  em  2,000,000  habitantes  ou  seja  16 
habitantes  por  kilometro  quadrado. 

O  aspecto  physico  de  Guatemala  6  montanhoso  e  6  cortado  per 
numerosos  rios.  O  clima  varia  com  a  altitude.  As  regiSes  do  littoral 
sao  quentes,  os  planaltos  do  interior  gozam  de  um  clima  temperado  e 
ameno,  ao  passo  que  as  regi5es  elevadas  sao  frias.  A  esta^So  secca  e 
a  das  chuvas  caracterisam-se  pelo  facto  que  durante  esta  chove 
todos  OS  dias,  ao  passo  que  durante  a  estapao  secca  quasi  nfio  chove. 

As  regides  do  sul  e  do  oeste  sao  as  mais  povoadas,  tendo  a 
cidade  de  Guatemala  uma  popula^ao  de  100,000  habitantes.  A 
capital  6  ligada  por  via  ferrea  aos  portos  de  San  Jos6  no  Pacifico  e  de 
Puerto  Banios  no  Atlantico.  Faz-se  a  viagem  da  capital  a  San  Jos6 
(74.5  milhas)  em  cinco  horas,  e  da  capital  a  Puerto  Barrios  (194.5 
milhas)  em  doze  horas. 

A  viagem  entre  os  portos  do  Atlantico  de  Guatemala  e  os  Estados 
Unidos  6  feita  em  quatro  dias,  e  entre  Guatemala  e  Europa  em  quinze 
dias. 

A  costa  do  Pacifico  tem  uma  extensao  de  250  kilometres,  e  a  do 
Atlantico,  de  161  kilometres.  San  Jos6,  Champerice  e  Ocos  sfto  os 
portos  da  costa  do  Atlantico,  e  Puerto  Barries,  San  Tem&s  e  Living- 
ston OS  da  do  Atlantico.  Panz6s  no  Rio  Polechic  e  Gual&n  no  Rio 
Motagua  sao  portos  fluviaes.  Tambem  Isabel,  situado  no  lago  do 
mesmo  nome,  6  um  porto  de  import ancia. 


MEXICO. 

SITTJA9A0  ECONOMIC  A  E  A  FEBSFECTIVA  DO  ANNO  DE  1008-9. 

Xo  dia  14  de  dezembro  de  1907,  o  Sr.  Licenciade  Jose  Yves  Liman- 
TOUR,  ^linistro  da  Fazenda  de  Mexico,  apresenteu  ae  Cengresso 
Nacional  o  relatorio  costumado  relative  ao  exercicio  de  1906-7,  e  o 
projecto  de  or^amento  da  receita  e  despeza  para  e  exercicio  de 
1908-9. 

A  receita  ordinaria  6  or^ada  em  $103,385,000,  euro,  e  a  despeza 
6  fixada  em  $103,203,824.63,  euro,  do  que  resulta  um  saldo  de 
$181,175.37. 

Ao  fazer  commentaries  sobre  a  situavae  economica  e  financeira  do 
paiz,  dizoilinistro  Limantour  que  nao  se  acreditavaemfins  do  anno 
passado  (jue  no  scguinte  anno  variassem  de  maneira  notavel  as  con- 
di^Ocsgeraes  de  prosperidade  (jue  tem  prevalecido,  e  cssa  expect ativa 
foi  conilrmada  pelos  factos,  pois  as  principaos  manifesta^des  da  vida 
material  do  paiz  0  de  sua  for^a  ecumomica  nde  attestam  outra  cousa 
sendo  um  grando  desenvelvimente  e  um  selide  bem  estar. 


MEXICO.  207 

Os  direitos  de  importa^ao  e  os  emoluinentos  consulares  acusam  um 
augmento  de  mais  de  16  por  cento  sobre  os  do  anno  anterior,  ainda 
que  nfio  se  tern  feito  modifica^So  alguma  na  tarifa  das  alfandegas.  A 
venda  de  estampilhas  ordinarias  revela  tambem  um  augmento  notavel 
nas  transac^oes  interiores,  nao  obstante  que,  no  deciirso  do  ultimo 
anno,  a  tarifa  do  sello  foi  modificada  no  sentido  de  uma  reduc9ao 
consideravel  das  taxas  a  que  estao  sujeitas  a  maior  parte  das  opera- 
96es. 

Quanto  &  contribui^ao  federal  que  se  cobra  sobro  todos  os  impostos 
ou  rendas  arrecadadas  pelos  Estados  e  municipalidades,  nota-se  tam- 
bem sensivel  augmento,  que  demonstra  que  a  arrecada^ao  dos  impos- 
tos continua  augmentando.  A  procura  de  estampilhas  especiaes  para 
o  pagamento  <ios  impostos  sobre  propriedades  mineiras,  fumo,  bebidas 
alcoolicas,  tecidos  de  algodao  e  as  substancias  explosivas,  denota  tam- 
bem o  desenvolvimento  constante  dessas  industrias.  A  renda  dos 
Servi^os  Postal  e  Telegraphico  mostra  consideravel  augmento,  ao 
passo  que  no  Districto  Federal,  as  transac^Ses  de  bens  immoveis  e 
actividade  commercial  e  industrial  foram  maiores  que  nos  annos  ante- 
riores. 

Quanto  &  produc^ao  agricola  nacional,  diz-se  que  nao  ha  base 
scgura  para  calcular-se  si  a  ultima  colheita  satisfard  as  necessidades 
do  consumo  at6  a  proxima  colheita,  sem  ter  que  acudir  k  importa^^-o 
de  cereaes  estrangeiros.  A  importa^ao  de  milho  e  trigo  estrangeiro 
constitue  um  dos  factores  mais  import  antes  para  determinar  o  estado 
do  mercado  monetario  local  devido  as  grandes  remessas  de  dinheiro 
que  se  tem  feito  ao  estrangeiro  com  motivo  das  exigencias  do  estado 
actual  financeiro. 

A  producp&o  e  exporta^ao  de  metaes  preciosos,  os  quaes,  com  o 
cobre  e  o  chumbo,  representam  mais  de  95  por  cento  do  valor  total  da 
produc^ao,  sao  os  seguintes:  produc^ao  de  ouro,  $36,563,898.24; 
exporta^ao  de  oiu-o,  $23,873,713.94;  produc^ao  de  prata,  $77,038,827; 
exporta^ao  de  prata,  $99,861,790.86.  Por  esses  algarismos  se  v6 
que  a  produc^ao  do  ouro  tem  permanecido  quasi  estacionaria,  ao 
passo  que  a  da  prata  mostra  um  augmento  de  $1,483,221.73,  sobre  a 
de  1905-6.  A  produc^ao  do  cobre  e  a  do  chumbo  diminuiram  sensi- 
velmente  no  ultimo  anno,  devido  a  paral3'sa9ao  de  algumas  minas 
cujos  minerios  sao  de  pobre  lei,  ao  passo  que  o  zinco,  o  antimonio  e 
outras  substancias  mineiras  tfem  sido  extrahidas  em  maior  escala  que 
antes. 

A  analyse  dos  algarismos  do  commercio  exterior  mostra  que  a 
importa^^ao  foi  no  valor  de  $233,363,388.85,  em  1906-7,  comparada 
com  $220,004,755,  no  exercicio  anterior,  o  que  accusa  um  augmento 
de  $13,358,633.85.  Houve  uma  diminui^ao  de  $11,000,000  no 
valor  das  mercadorias  que  entraram  livres  de  direitos,   ao  passo 


208     SECBETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

que  as  mercadorias  que  pagaram  direitos  do  importa^&o  mostram 
um  augmento  de  mais  de  $24,000,000. 

Nota-se  um  augmento  no  valor  das  importa^des  de  productos 
animacs,  tecidos,  productos  chimioos  e  pharmaceuticos,  e,  em 
geral,  em  todas  as  classes  da  tarifa.  O  maior  augmento,  porfm, 
foi  realizado  em  machinas  e  apparelhos  de  todas  as  classes,  tendo  o 
valor  dessas  importa^ 5es  subido  de  $20,410,722.73,  a  $27,735,743.65, 
o  que  mostra  um  augmento  de  $7,325,020.92.  Entre  os  artigos  que 
mais  avultaram  na  importa^ao  figuram  os  vehiculos,  tendo  sido 
as  importafdes  no  A^alor  de  $9,000,308.49  em  1906,  contra 
$4,595,157.85,  o  anno  anterior.  A  diminui^go  de  $7,871,480.15, 
verificada  nas  importa^oes  de  productos  mineraes  e  devida  em 
grande  parte  ao  facto  de  que  em  1905-6  foram  cunhadas  nos  Estados 
Unidos  grandes  quantidades  de  moedas  mexieanas,  e  ainda  que 
essa  cunliagem  em  1906-7  foi  na  importancia  de  $23,000,000,  foi 
muito  menor  que  no  anno  anterior. 

A  exporta9ao  em  1906-7  foi  no  valor  de  $248,018,010,  contra 
$271,138,809.32  em  1905-6.  O  Ministro  Limantour  explica  essa 
apparente  diminui^ao  deste  modo:  . 

*'No  or^amento  do  anno  passado  se  declarou  que  suppondo  que 
OS  $39,000,000  em  ouro  que  se  import aram  em  1905-6,  deu  em 
resultado  uma  exportagilo  artificial  de  pesos  em  prata  em  uma 
quantia  equivalente,  o  valor  total  das  exporta^des,  tendo  este  facto 
em  conta,  nao  foi  $271,000,000,  mas  $232,000,000.  Na  falta  de 
dados  mais  precisos,  pode-se  dizer  que,  porquanto  no  valor  total  das 
exi)()rta<,H")es  em  1906-7  estao  incluidos  os  13,000,000  pesos  de  prata 
quo  foram  enviados  ao  estrangeiro  em  cand)io  de  moedas  de  ouro 
mexieanas  c  estrangeiras,  as  quaes  estao  incluidas  no  valor  das 
importa^oos,  e  necessario  descontar  a  quantia  em  referencia  do  valor 
das  export a^cVs,  afim  de  que  este  ultimo  possa  calcular-se  em  $235,- 
000,000.  Tendo  em  conta  estas  explica^des,  se  comprehende  que 
o  A^alor  das  export aij'oes  de  jiroductos  do  paiz  em  1906-7,  excedcu 
um  pouco  o  das  de  1905-6.  ()  valor  destes  ultimos  excedeu  em 
muito  ao  dos  de  ([ual([uor  outro  anno  anterior. 

"()  valor  das  export a^oes  de  metaes,  exclusive  do  ouro  e  a  prata, 
no  anno  em  referencia  foi  como  segue:  cobre,  $28,800,000;  chumbo, 
$3,644,739,  o  outros  metaes,  incluindo  zinco  e  antimonio,  $4,072,982. 

** Entre  os  productos  vegetaes  exportados  figuram:  hennequen, 
$31,440,240;  ixllc,  ?:5,S13,176;  cafe,  $7,237,529;  fumo  em  folha, 
S1,S94,S30;  ervilhas  gallegas,  $4,084,521 ;  gomma  de  mascar,  $2,144,- 
724:  madeiras  de  marcenaria,  $2,169,778;  madeiras  de  tinturaria, 
$739,S10;  borracha,  inclusive  o  guayule,  $6,678,926;  plantas  do 
guayule,  $61,22."). 

'*()  valor  das  exporta^oes  de  l)orracha,  incluindo  o  giiajiile  que 
comc^-ou  a  exportar-se  lia  cinco  annos,  na  actualidadc  excede  de 


MEXICO.  209 

S6,oOO,000  por  anno:  o  valor  das  export a9oes  de  erv'ilhas  tem-se 
tripUcado;  o  do  ixtle  tern  siibido  de  $3,000,000  a  $3,800,000;  e  o 
Talor  da  gomma  de  masear  mostra  iiin  auginento  de  50  por  cento. 
O  valor  das  exporta^Oes  do  hennequen  6  calculado  em  cerca  de 
$30,000,000,  e  as  quantidades  exportadas  oscillani  de  82,000  tone- 
ladas  at^  110,000  toneladas  que  se  export aram  em  1900-7.  Houve 
uma  dimmui^do  de  $2,000,000  nas  exporta^des  de  cafe. 

''O  valor  dos  productos  animaes  que  se  exportaram  ascendeu  a 
$11,151,928,  o  que  mostra  uma  diminui^ao  de  $571,497,  em  compara- 
9ao  com  o  anno  anterior.  O  gailo  que  representa  um  dos  principaes 
artigos  export  ados  foi  export  ado  no  A^alor  de  $1,201,693,  e  o  valor 
dos  couros  cms  export  ados  ascendeu  a  $8,875,091. 

"Outroa  artigos  exportados  foram  os  seguintes:  assucar  refmado, 
91,164,339;  assucar  mascavado,  $26,612;  farinha  e  paes  de  caro^o  de 
algodao,  $846,280;  chap^os  de  palma,  $631,219;  couros  e  pelles  cur- 
tidos  $34,883,  e  fumo  preparado,  $493,228.'' 

O  Secretario  Limantoue  faz  o  seguinte  resumo  do  commorcio 
estrangeiro:  ''Valor  total  das  importances  em  1906-7,  $233,363,388; 
valor  total  das  exporta^oes,  $248,018,010,  o  que  mostra  um  saldo 
a  favor  das  exporta^iOes  de  $14,654,622. 

''  Existe  uma  grande  differen^a  entre  este  excesso  no  valor  e  o  que  se 
Terifica  dos  dados  correspondent es  ao  anno  de  1905-6,  que  ascendeu 
a  $51,134,054,  e  tambem  existe  difforenva,  ainda  que  um  pouco  menor, 
entre  o  dito  excesso  no  valor  e  no  de  1904-5,  ([ue  foi  de  $30,315,489." 

Ao  fazer  commentarios  sobre  o  que  fica  exposto  o  Secretario 
Ljmaxtouk  disse  o  seguinte: 

"Em  outros  annos  se  tfim  dado  minuciosas  cxplica^Oes  acerca 
daquelles  factores  que  por  mais  que  affectavam  o  valor  da  impor- 
ta^io  e  da  exporta^ao,  nfto  se  incluem  nem  podem  incluir-se  nos  dados 
estatisticos  fiscaes  que  se  referem  somente  aos  productos  naturaes  c 
manufacturados  e  as  quantidades  de  moedas  que  entram  o  sahem. 
Tambem  se  tem  explicado  que  a  na^ao  mexicana  tern  que  remetter 
para  o  estrangeiro  annualmente  grandes  quantias  para  o  pagamento 
dos  juros  sobre  emprcstimos  e  os  lucros  de  emprezas  commerciaes 
cujos  donos  residem  em  paizesestrangeiros,  o  a  esses  pagament os  devem 
accrescentar-se  os  que  se  fazem  estrictamente  em  pagamento  das 
impcMlapdes.  Nao  cabe  a  menor  duvida  de  ([uc  o  excedente  que 
houve  o  anno  passado  no  valor  das  exportanoes,  e  que  ascendeu  a 
mais  de  $14,000^000,  foi  de  todo  insufliciente  para  satisfazer  esses 
pagamentos.  O  excedente  cjue  se  obteve  em  1905-0,  e  ({ue  foi  na 
importaneia  de  $81,000,000,  nao  foi  sufficient  e  para  fazer  f  rente  a  est  a 
divida.  Afim  de  entender  este  assert o,  convem  record ar  que  todos  os 
titulos  de  nossa  divida  publica,  com  excep^ao  de  uma  propor^ao  rela- 
tivamente  pequena,  est&o  em  poder  de  estrangeiros,  e  que  o  servi^o 
desta  divida  exige  a  somma  de  $24,000,000  por  anno;  c^uc  «iUvw  <}l^ 


210    SECRETARIA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS. 

divida  do  Govemo  Federal,  alguns  dos  Estados  e  municipalidades 
tfem  contrahido  emprestimos  cujos  titulos  sfio  tidos  por  estrangeiros  e 
dos  quaes  o  pagamento  annual  ascende  a  $1,000,000;  que  as  compan- 
hias  de  estradas  de  ferro  t^m  que  enviar  ao  estrangeiro  mais  de 
$25,000,000  cada  anno  em  pagamento  do  juro  dos  sens  titulos,  e  que 
OS  bancos  da  Republica  distribuem  annualmente  milhoes  de  pesos  em 
dividendos  fora  da  Republica.  Por  consequencia  se  t^m  chegado  & 
conelusao  de  que  as  remessas  de  fundos,  titulos  e  mercadorias  que 
temos  que  fazer  annualmente  ao  estrangeiro,  se  pagam  mediante  a 
colloca^ao  natural  e  espontanea  no  Mexico  de  capital  estrangeiro. 

'^A  condi^ao  monetaria  da  Republica  tern  melhorado  notavelmente 
desde  o  anno  passado.  A  escassez  de  moedas  subsidiarias  que  cxistia 
entao  tern  cessado  por  completo,  e  a  circula^ao  de  ouro  6  muito  mais 
abundante.  O  augmento  dessas  duas  classes  de  moeda  6  em  parte 
contrabalan^ado  pela  exportagao  de  pesos  fortes,  provocada  em 
1906-7,  pela  mesma  razao  que  em  1905-6,  a  alta  do  pre^o  da  prata 
em  barras  com  respeito  ao  valor  em  ouro  da  dita  moeda. 

'^A  cunhagem  total  de  novas  moedas  desde  5  de  maio  de  1905,  a 
data  em  que  foi  posta  em  execu9ao  a  reforma  monetaria,  at6  30  de 
junhp  de  1907,  foi  na  importancia  de  $95,561,570.70.  Deduzindo-se 
desta  somma  os  $75,416,231,  prata,  exportados  durante  o  mesmo 
periodo,  e  os  $14,456,923.17  que  representam  a  cunhagem  de  moedas 
velhas,  verifica-se  um  augmento  na  circula^&o  de  moeda  em  30  de 
junho  de  1907,  de  $5,688,416.53.  Em  fins  de  novembro  de  1907, 
este  augmento  era  ]&  de  mais  de  $11,000,000. 

''A  Commissao  de  Cambios  e  Moeda  tem  desempenhado  suas  func- 
^oes  com  notavel  acerto.  Aproveitando-se  de  todas  as  circumstan- 
cias  f avoraveis,  tem  conseguido  em  dous  annos  substituir  quasi  todas 
as  moedas  velhas  por  pe^as  cunhadas  confomie  k  lei  monetaria  de 
1905;  tem  distribuido  a  nova  moeda  em  todo  o  Territorio  Nacional, 
fazcndo  frente  as  numerosas  difficuldades  que  a  escassez  ou  a  abun- 
dancia  do  meio  circulautc  tem  provocado  em  cada  localidade ;  tem 
attrahido  o  ouro  d  Republica  em  grandes  quantidades  e  retido  no 
paiz  grandc  parte  da  produc^ao  nacional,  e  tem  contribuido  para 
manter  com  iirmeza  a  laxa  de  cambio  com  as  na^Oes  estrangeiras. 

**Nos  primeiros  mezes  de  1907,  o  valor  dos  bens  de  raiz  e  o  pre^o 
dos  titulos  de  conipanhias  industriaos,  mineiras  e  commerciaes  conti- 
nuaram  em  augmento,  e  a  compara^ao  dosses  valores  com  os  corres- 
pondentes  de  1906,  da  um  resultado  muito  satisfactorio.  Em 
meiados  do  anno,  a  escassez  de  <linheiro  que  se  sentia  nos  mercados 
estrangeiros  come^ou  a  communicar-se  ao  Mexico  e  tomou-se  difficil 
o  emprego  de  capitaes  europeos  no  Mexico.  Nfto  obstante  a  influ- 
encia  (h^s  acontecimentos  citados,  tixlos  os  signaes  da  riqueza  publica 
do  Mexico  demonstram  muita  firmeza  e  vitalidade. 


MEXICO.  211 

"No  or^amento  da  receita  para  o  exercicio  de  1908-9,  os  impostos 
8obre  o  commercio  de  importa^ao  e  de  exporta^ao  sfto  calculados  em 
$49,600,000;  os  impostos  intemos,  em  $32,055;  os  impostos  especiaes 
noDistricto  Federal  e  Territorios,  em  $10,930,000;  servi^os  publicos, 
em  $6,405,000;  renda  proveniente  de  terras  nacionaes,  em  $265,000, 
e  outras  fontes  de  renda,  $4,130,000." 

CONDigOES  DA  INDUSTRIA  DO  GTJATTJIiE. 

O  Senhor  Gottschalk,  Consul  Geral  dos  Estados  Unidos  na  cidade 
de  Mexico,  dirigiu  ultimamente  ao  sen  Governo  um  relatorio  sobre 
as  condi^Ces  actuaes  da  industria  do  guayule  que  demonstra  o  estado 
precario  desta  industria  a  menos  que  se  descobra  um  methodo  seguro 
de  propagar  a  planta.  O  Senhor  Gottscualk  prev§  a  pouca  dura^ao 
dessa  industria  sr  o  guayule  eontinuar  a  ser  explorado  como  o  6  na 
actualidade. 

Eis  o  resumo  do  relatorio: 

Um  dos  productos  que  nos  ultimos  dous  annos  tem  attrahido  a 
atten^do  do  nmndo  6  o  guayule  (Parthenium  argentum)  que  ante- 
riormente  se  considerava  como  uma  praga,  tornando  imprestaveis  os 
terrenos  em  que  elle  abundava,  mas  se  descobriu  que  tinha  certa 
importancia  commercial  como  uma  planta  productora  de  borracha. 
Os  terrenos  gua3ruleiros  da  parte  septentrional  do  Mexico  foram  logo 
explorados  e  os  prepos  pagos  pelo  producto  augmentaram  enorme- 
mente,  ao  passo  que  foram  estabelecidas  grande  numero  de  fabricas 
para  a  extrac^&o  da  borracha,  principalmente  em  Torreon,  Saltillo  e 
Coahuila.  Fizeram-se  contractos  para  a  entrega  de  grandes  quanti- 
dades  do  arbusto,  pagando-se  em  alguns  casos  at6  $50  ouro,  por 
tonelada  e  vendendo-se  a  borracha  de  guayule  por  $1  a  libra.  Como 
resultado  deste  enthusiasmo,  fizeram-se  investiga^Ses  das  proprie- 
dades  da  planta,  verificando-se  que  ninguem  parccia  ter  uma  idea 
exacta  quanto  ao  methodo  a  ser  empregado  para  a  propaga^ao  da 
planta.  O  dono  de  uma  grande  planta^ao  de  gua^^le  manifestou 
ao  Senhor  Gottschalk  que  havia  descoberto,  demasiado  tarde,  que 
81  se  tivesse  o  cuidado  de  deixar  fructificar  antes  de  cortal-o,  e  se 
sacudisse  cuidadosamente  a  planta  depois  de  haver-se  cortado  afim 
de  que  as  sementes  cahissem  ao  solo,  este  terreno  continuaria  pro- 
duzindo  dita  planta.  Como,  por6m,  a  maior  produc^ao  de  borracha 
fie  obtem  cortando  a  planta  quando  relativamente  nova,  e  como  as 
sementes  poderiam  permanecer  latentes  e  improductivas  durante 
dous  ou  tres  annos,  se  comprehendera  dcsde  logo  que  o  cxplorador 
de  borracha  ordinario  nao  estaria  disposto  a  adoptar  as  precau^des 
necessarias. 

O  guayule  cresce  espontaneaniente  em  uma  area  muito  limit a<la 
do  Mexico.     O  trabalho  de  recolher  o  arbusto  e  feito  sem  methodo  e 


212    SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

nao  se  cuida  absolutamente  de  sua  reproduc^iao,  quer  por  semente, 
quer  por  outro  meio.  Sem  embargo,  um  contracto  recente  celebrado 
com  o  Govemo  relativo  a  esta  industria,  comprehende  certas  estipu- 
la^des  acerca  deste  assumpto. 

Os  elevados  pre^os  que  as  fabricas  pagam  pelo  guayule  fazem  com 
que  este  6  recolliido  antes  que  esteja  sufficientemente  maduro,  com 
o  resultado  de  que  frequentemente  se  recebem  grandes  quantidades 
de  gua}njle  que  nao  produzem  a  quantidade  de  borracha  que  devem 
produzir. 

O  Professor  F.  A.  Lloyd,  ex-cathecbatico  do  Laboratorio  de  Bota- 
nica  no  Instituto  de  Carnegie,  estabelecido  em  Tucson^  Arizona,  ao 
tratar  de  descobrii*  um  meio  de  propagar  a  planta  de  uma  maneira 
adequada,  tern  fcito  experimentos  scientificos  em  uma  das  planta- 
^des  de  Cliihuahua,  mas  ate  a  data  nao  se  tem  annuneiado  os  resul- 
tados  de  seus  experimentos. 

O  consumo  actual  do  gua^idc  na  rogiao  central  onde  estao  esta- 
belecidas  as  fabricas  6  calculado  em  1,000  toneladas  da  planta  por 
mez,  e  o  Senhor  Gottschalk  afFu*ma  que  os  fabricantes  Ihe  tfem 
manifestado  que  a  industria  podera  durar  apenas  tres  ou  quatro 
annos,  a  menos  que  se  empreguem  methodos  efficazes  pai-a  a  repro- 
duc^ao  da  planta. 


PERU. 


SEBVI90  DE  NAVEGAgAO  A  VAPOB  ENTBE  NEW  TOBK 

E  CAUL^AO. 

Com  a  inaugura^ao  do  novo  servi^o  de  navega^ao  a  vapor  entre 
New  York  e  Callao,  A'ia  Panama,  pela  Companhia  Nacional  de 
Vapores  e  Docas  do  Callao,  sera  dado  um  grande  passo  economico  no 
intercambio  commercial  das  duas  sec^oes.  Esta  empreza,  que  se 
espera  que  inaugurara  sou  servivo  em  principios  de  11K)8,  tem  um 
capital  de  $15,000,000,  e  recobera  do  Governo  do  Peru  uma  sub- 
ven^ao  de  $1,500,000.  Estao  actualmente  em  construc^ao  na 
Inglaterra  vapores  rapidos  para  esta  linha.  A  companliia  pretende 
fazer  a  viagom  de  Panama  a  Callao  em  cinco  dias,  em  vez  de  onze  ou 
doze  dias,  (lue  e  o  tempo  actualmente  empregado  nessa  viagem. 

Callao  e  o  maior  porto  do  Pacifico  entre  San  Francisco  e  Valparaiso, 
e  o  estabelecimento  de  um  servi^o  de  vapores  rapidos  com  os  portos 
da  Europa  e  <los  Estados  Unidos  dara  sem  duvida  alguma  um  gramie 
impulso  ao  sen  desenvolvimento. 


ESTADO   FINANCEIRO   DOS    PAIZE9    LATINO-AMERICANOS. 


213 


ESTADO  FINANCEIRO  DOS  PAIZES  LATINO - 
AMERICANOS. 

"El  Economista  Argentino''  publica  dados  interessantes  organiza 
dos  pelo  Sr.  Gabriel  Carrasco,  mostrando  as  receitas  e  despezas 
absolutas  e  relativas  das  differentes  Republicas  Latino-Americanas. 
Os  algarismos,  na  maioria  dos  casos,  correspondem  ao  anno  de  1905. 


Republica  Argentina. 

BolivUi 

BrMll 

Chile 

Colombia 

Costa  Rica 

Caba. 


Republica  Dominicana. 

Equador 

Guatemala 

Haiti ^ 

Honduras 

Mexico 

Nicaragua  (1903) 

Paraguay  (1904) 

Panamil 

Peru. 


Despeza. 


JtoceSta. 


SS8, 

4, 
127, 
39, 
14. 

1. 
19, 

2. 

6, 
13, 
11, 

43  i 
1, 
1, 


,480.000 

675.000 

,639,000 

754.000 

420.000 

933.000 

138.000 

399,000 

119,000 

658,000 

028.000 

670.000 

089.000 

887,000  j 

684,000 


4J(Vi.O0R 
127,47B,0a0 

10,745,000 
ft.  1 49,000 
2.403,000 

10. 1199,000 
2.427,tXffl 
5,857.000 

1 1, .=>[», 000 
0.767,000 
l.a52.00& 

44,052,000 
l.ff>2.t)0fj 
1,080,000 


Salvador 

Uruguay 

Venezuela  (1903). 


J      11, 


758.000  I 
070.000  ! 
474.000  ! 
606.000 


11,856,  OCX) 
5.aU,00D 

lLtlO(^OtK> 


l>eflpe7.rt     Receita 
|ior  habi-por  habi- 
tants,   I    taiite. 


1.5.6.-. 
2.28 
8.92 

12.73 
2.03 

10.26 

12.52 
5.82 
4.60 
6.24 
6.85 
3.04 
3.24 
3.08 
2.65 


3.95 
5.31 
19. 59 
4.48 


Bulletin  Mensuel 

I)U 

Bureau  International  des  R^.publiques  AmIiricaines, 

Union  Internationale  des  R^publiques  Am^ricaines. 


Vol.  XXVI..  JAN\^IER  1908.  No.  1. 


^Un  grand  numbre  des  articles  que  Ton  traite  oi-dessous  ne  Pont  publics  en  eiitier 
que  dans  les  parties  anglaisc  et  espagnolc  du  Bulletin.) 


La  reception  que  le  Gouvernement  et  le  peuple  brfeiliens  ont  faite 
k  la  flotte  de  cuirasses  des  fitats-Unis  lors  de  son  entr6e  dans  le  port 
de  Rio  de  Janeiro  le  12  Janvier  dernier  a  6t6  si  sincere  et  si  cordiale, 
et  rhospitalit6  que  les  officiers  et  les  marins  ont  re^ue  pendant  les 
dix  jours  qu'ils  sont  rest^s  dans  le  pays  a  6t6  si  grande  et  si  chaleu- 
reuse  qu'ils  n'oublieront  jamais  les  attentions  dont  ils  ont  6te  Tobjet. 
Dans  toute  Thistoire  des  croisieres  de  la  marine  am6ricaine  k  V^- 
tranger,  e'est  le  Brfeil,  dans  son  port  de  Rio  de  Janeiro,  qui  a  mani- 
festo le  plus  de  sympathie  lors  du  passage  des  navires  de  guerre. 
D'aprds  les  renseignements  que  Ton  a  re^us,  il  parait  que  le  gouverne- 
ment et  le  peuple  pOruviens  s^appr^tent  k  faire  k  nos  officiers  et  k  nos 
marins  dans  les  villes  de  Callao  et  de  Lima,  une  reception  qui  ^galera 
celle  de  Rio  de  Janeiro  en  sinc6rit6  et  en  magnificence. 

Quoique  Punta  Arenas,  le  seul  point  du  territoire  cliilien  oil  la 
flott€  fera  escale,  soit  trSs  ^loign^  de  Valparaiso,  le  port  principal, 
et  de  Santiago  la  capitale,  le  gouvernement  cliilien  fait  de  grands 
preparatifs  pour  y  f6ter  la  flotte  de  maniere  a  ce  que  los  officiers 
et  les  marins  puissent  aussi  se  rappeler  de  leur  court  s6jour  dans  les 
eaux  chiliennes. 

Par  sa  pr&ence  dans  les  eaux  de  TAm^rique  du  Sud,  la  flotte  de 
cuirasses  des  fitats-Unis  en  route  pour  le  Pacifique  fait  beaucoup 
pour  6veiller  un  intOrfet  encore  plus  grand  parmi  les  habitants  des 
fitats-Unis  et  des  ROpubliques  latino-am^ricaines.  I^e  Bureau 
re^oit  un  grand  nombre  de  lettres  venant,  non  seulement  de  jour- 
naux  et  d'autres  publications,  mais  aussi  de  particuliers  (jui  ont, 
comme  on  peut  le  voir  dans  leurs  lettres,  le  vif  d6sir  de  se  proexK^^ 

24181— BuU.  1-m 15  V& 


216     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMEBICAINES. 

iin  plus  grand  nombre  de  renseignements  sur  les  pays  par  oh  la  flotte 
passera  et  sur  les  ports  ou  elle  fera  cscale  dans  le  cours  de  son  admi- 
rable voyage.  Aussi  on  a  donn6  a  plusieurs  centaines  de  joumaux, 
des  descriptions  completes  de  Rio  de  Janeiro,  de  Punta  Arenas  et  de 
Callao  de  maniere  h  leur  permettre  de  publier  des  articles  qui  d6cri- 
ront  ces  divers  points  a  leurs  lecteurs.  A  ce  sujet,  nous  dirons 
qu'avant  le  depart  de  la  flotte,  le  Bureau  a  fait  parvenir  aux  officiers 
et  aux  marins  de  chaque  navirc  une  s6rie  de  publications  que  le 
Bureau  a  faites  sur  TAm^rique  latine  pour  qu'ils  puissent  avoir  les 
plus  amples  renseignements  sur  TAm^rique  du  Sud  pendant  leur 
voyage  autour  du  continent  meridional.  Les  lettres  cordiales  de 
remerciments  que  Ton  a  revues  des  capitaines  des  navires  montrent 
combien  ils  ont  6t&  sensibles  a  cette  provenance  de  la  part  du  Bureau. 


PIIOCHAINE    CONFERENCE  PAN-AMERICAINE. 

A  la  r6union  du  Conseil  d'Administration  du  Bureau  qui  a  eu 
lieu  le  8  Janvier,  on  a  Omis  le  voeu  que  la  prochaine  Conference  pan- 
ainfiricaine  se  rOunisse  h  Buenos- A jtcs  en  1910.  On  a  diff6r6  le  vote 
h  ce  sujet  jusqu'a  la  prochaine  rOimion  du  Conseil  d' Administra- 
tion, qui  aura  lieu  le  o  f^vrier,  afin  que  les  membres  du  Conseil 
puissent  s'entendre  avec  leurs  gouvemements  et  s'informer  de  leurs 
dOsirs  h  ce  sujet.  A  la  cl6ture  de  la  Conference  de  Rio  de  Janeiro 
en  1906,  il  avait  ete  entendu  que  la  prochaine  Conference  aurait 
lieu  a  Buenos-Ayres,  mais  on  avait  laisse  au  Conseil  d' Adminis- 
tration (hi  Bureau  le  soui  de  decider  ulterieurement  la  date  et  le 
lieu  do  reunion.  La  raison  principale  pour  laquelle  on  a  chosi  1910 
au  lieu  de  1911  ou  1912  est  que  la  Republique  Argentine  <loit  ceiebrer 
en  1910  le  centenaire  de  son  independance  et  elle  compte  avoir  ii 
cette  epoque  une  grando  ex|)osition.  Par  suite  des  grands  progr^s 
politiques  et  commerciaux  fuits  niaintcnant  par  FAmerique  Latine 
et  aussi  par  suite  du  developpement  de  relations  plus  suivics  entre 
les  Etats-Unis  et  ses  Kepubliques  sceurs,  la  quatri^me  Conference 
pan-americaine  aura  ccTtainenient  a  etudier  beaucoup  de  choses 
interessantes  pour  les  j)ays  qui  en  font  partie  et  elle  aura  sArement 
une  grande  influence  sur  leurs  relations  futures. 


EXPOSITIONS    DANS    LA.MERigi'E    DC    SW. 

Le  Bulletin  a  dejJl  attire  I'atiention  d  une  maniere  particuliere 
sur  rex])osition  que  le  Cfouvemement  bresilien  tiendra  cet  ete  &  Rio 
de  Janeiro  et  sur  celle  que  le  Gouvernement  argentin  tiendra  k  Buenos- 
Ayres  en  1910.  Maintenant  le  Gouvernement  de  Tfiquateur  annonce 
une  exposition  k  Quito  en  1901  et  il  a  invite  le  Gouvernement  des 


BUBj&lU  INTEBI^ATIONAL  DES  BEFUBLIQUES  AMBRICAIISrES.    217 

£tats-Unis  k  y  participer.  Pour  r6pondre  a  cette  invitation  I0 
Pr^sid^it  Roosevelt  a  envoyfi  un  message  au  Congrfes  recom- 
mandant  une  allocation  dans  ce  but.  Ni  le  Gouvemement  du  Br^sil, 
m  celui  de  la  R6publique  Argentine  ne  comptent  inviter  les  pays 
Strangers  k  y  participer  bien  que  leurs  fabricants  et  conuner^ants 
puissent  y  prendre  part  dans  des  conditions  sp^ciales.  Conune 
rfiquateur  a  sp^cialement  invito  les  fitats-Unis  k  participer  a  I'Expo- 
sition  de  Quito,  il  est  h  souhaiter  que  le  Congres  vote  les  fonds  n^ces- 
saires-  pour  la  construction  d'un  batiment  convenable  et  pour  Tenvoi 
d'une  exposition  digne  des  Etats-Unis,  Avant  peu,  le  chemin  de 
fer  de  Guayaquil  sur  la  cote  de  I'fiquateur  k  Quito,  la  capitale,  k 
Kint^rieur,  sera  achevfi,  de  sorte  que  les  voyageurs  pourront,  en 
d^barquant  des  navires  Jl  Guayaquil,  faire  le  trajet  k  Quito  en  24 
heures  par  une  ligne  de  chemin  de  fer  qui  est  une  des  merveilles  du 
monde  au  point  de  vue  des  difficult^s  que  I'art  du  g^nie  a  su  vaincre 
et  du  paysage  magnifique  qui  s'ofFre  k  la  vue  du  voyageur.  Quito 
est  une  des  villes  int6ressantes  d«  FAm^rique  du  Sud  et  le  climat 
en  est  agr6able.  Par  suite  de  son  ^l^vation  d'environ  10,000  pieds 
au-dessus  du  niveau  de  la  mer,  Quito  ne  souffre  pas  des  chaleurs 
excessives  que  Ton  rencontre  dans  les  terres  basses  des  tropiques  et 
sa  proximity  de  T^quateur  le  protege  des  grands  froids.  A  Touverture 
de  TExposition  on  pourra  faire  le  voyage  de  New  York  k  Quito  en 
moins  de  dix  jours  et  on  espere  qu'il  y  aura  beaucoup  de  personnes 
venant  des  Etats-Unis. 

AMELIORATION    DANS    LE    SERVICE    MARITIME    SIT>AMERICAIX. 

On  doit  f^liciter  la  eompagnio  de  navigation  maritime  Lamport  & 
Holt  des  ameliorations  qu'elle  a  apport^es  au  service  maritime  entre 
New- York,  Rio-de-Janeiro  et  Buenos-Ayres.  On  s'est  grandement 
plaint  que  panni  les  vapeurs  faisant  le  service  entre  le  port  principal 
des  fitats-Unis  et  les  ports  de  la  c6te  orientale  de  rAm^rique  du  Sud, 
il  n'y  en  avait  qu'im  trop  petit  nombre  disposes  de  mani^re  k  recevoir 
des  passagers  de  premiere  classe.  On  vient  de  mettre  en  service 
trois  nouveaux  navires  de  9,000  tonnes  chacun,  installes  pour  trans- 
porter 150  passagers  de  premiere  classe,  50  do  deuxieme  classe  et 
des  passagers  de  troisidme  classe.  Le  Verdi  est  le  premier  do  ces 
nouveaux  navires  ti  faire  le  voyage.  Pour  fdtcr  cet  dvenement 
iinj)ortant  on  a  offert  le  14  Janvier  k  New- York  a  bord  du  Verdi  un 
grand  diner  auquel  assistaient  des  personnes  de  New- York  et  d'autres 
parties  du  pays.  Toutes  cespersonnes  s'int^ressent  au  developpement 
du  commerce  avec  TAm^rique  du  Sud.  Ceux  qui  ont  visits  le  vapeiir 
en  ont  6i6  enchant^s,  et  chaque  visit^ur  se  sentait  pris  du  desir  de 
s'embarquer  imm^diatement  pour  TAmdrique  du  Sud.  II  est  k 
souhaiter  que  les  personnes  des  £tats-Unis  qui  ont  h^sit^  jusqu'ici  St 


218     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

aller  dans  TAm^rique  du  Sud  i\  cause  du  mauvais  service  soient 
tent^cs  de  le  faire  maintenant  qu41  y  a  ces  nouveaux  navires.  En 
revanche,  on  esj)^re  que  les  Americains  du  Sud  qui  ne  sont  pas  venus 
aux  fitats-Unis  pour  la  m6me  raison  se  d^cideront  k  y  venir.  On 
sait  que  le  meilleur  moyen  d^encourager  des  relations  amicales  entre 
diff^rentes  contr^es  est  de  voyager  dans  les  pays  les  uns  des  autres. 


AUTRES     PREUVES     D  IXTERET     MANIFESTE     PAR     LE      PRESIDENT 

ROOSEVELT. 

Toutes  les  personnes  qui  s'int^ressent  au  d^veloppement  de  rela- 
tions plus  intimes  entre  les  fitats-Unis  et  rAni^rique  Latine  ont  6t6 
heureuses  de  voir  la  mani^re  dont  le  President  Roosevelt  a  parlS 
du  Bureau  International  dans  son  message,  que  nous  avons  repro- 
duit  dans  le  dernier  num^ro  du  Bulletin.  De  plus,  le  President  a 
6crit  r^cemment  k  M.  Rowe,  professeur  k  TUniversit^  de  Pennsyl- 
vanie,  une  lettrc  dans  laquelle  il  montre  les  grands  avantages  qui 
peuvent  rfeulter  d*une  association  intellectuelle  plus  ^troite  entre 
TAm^rique  du  Nord  et  TAm^rique  du  Sud  et  aussi  combien  il  s'int6- 
resse  aux  pro  jets  ([ue  Ton  a  faits  pour  arriver  k  ce  but.  On  reproduit 
dans  une  autre  partie  de  ce  num^ro  du  Bulletin  la  lettre  de  M. 
Roosevelt. 

prochaixe  conference  du  lac  mohonk. 

M.  H.  G.  Phillips,  secretaire  de  la  Conference  sur  TArbitrage 
International  du  Lac  Mohonk,  fait  savoir  au  Bureau  que  la  session 
pour  Tann^e  1908  aura  lieu  les  20,21  et  22  mai,et  que  1  on  a  Tinten- 
tion  de  s'occuper  beaucoup  des  affaires  pan-americaines.  II  espdre 
que  le  Bureau  et  le  Conseil  d' Administration  s'int^resseront  tout 
specialement  k  cette  conference  et  se  feront  repr^senter  aux  delibera- 
tions. Dans  sa  lettre  k  ce  sujet  M.  Phillips  dit:  **Je  pense  que 
Ton  peut  assurer  ([ue  Tattention  attiree  par  la  session  pan-ameri- 
caine  de  Tannee  derniere  a  ete  d'un  jrrand  avantage  k  la  cause  ge- 
nerale  de  Tarbitrage,  et  que  si  Ton  donne  assez  de  publicit6  k  la  ses- 
sion de  cette  annec  elle  produira  encore  de  meilleurs  resultats." 


BUREAU  COLOMBIEX  DE  RENSEIGNEMEXTS. 

M.  Rafael  Reyes,  President  de  la  Republiciue  de  Colombie,  et 
M.  A.  Vasquez  Cobo,  Ministre  des  Affaires  fitrang^res  du  m6ine 
pays,  ont  etabli  a  Bogota,  un  bureau  central  de  renseignemcnts  avec 
succursales  k  I^ndres,  Paris,  Bruxelles,  Hanibourg  et  New  York. 
Us  ont  fait  ainsi  un  grand  pas  en  avant  pour  mieux  faire  connattre 


BUREAU   INTERNATIONAL   DES   REPUBLIQUES   AMERICAINES.    219 

la  Colombie  au  monde  entier.  Dans  le  cl^cret  qu'il  a  public  le  Mi- 
nistre  des  Affaires  Etrangferes  fait  savoir,  que  Ton  trouvera  dans  ces 
succursales  des  joumaux  et  autres  publications  d'int^rfit  general 
pouvant  renseigner  le  public  en  Europe  et  aux  fitats-Unis  au  sujet 
de  la  Colombie  et  des  occasions  qu'il  y  a  pour  le  placement  de  capi- 
taux  strangers.  Le  Ministre  ajoute  aussi  que  ce  Bureau  de  renseigne- 
ments  aura  pour  correspondant  le  Bureau  International  des  R^pu- 
bliques  Am^ricaines  ^tabli  h  Washington  et  il  demande  que  ce  dernier 
veuille  bien  aider  autant  que  possible  le  Bureau  colombien  dans  cette 
oeuvre  importante. 

CONDITIONS    COMMERCIALES    DE   LA   COLOMBIA. 

Le  rapport  sur  les  conditions  commerciales  de  la  Colombie,  pr6par6 
par  M.  Charles  M.  Pepper,  agent  special  du  D^partement  du  Com- 
merce et  du  Travail,  et  public  demi&rement  par  le  Bureau  des  Manu- 
factures, est  trSs  int^ressant  et  parait  au  moment  opportun.  II 
discute  soigneusement  tous  les  faits  au  sujet  du  commerce,  de  I'in- 
dustrie,  des  ressources  de  la  Colombie  et  des  avantages  qui  s'y  pr6- 
sentent.  Tous  ces  renseignements  sont  n^cessaires  k  ceux  qui  comp- 
tent  entrer  en  relations  commerciales  avec  ce  pays  ou  y  faire  des 
placements  de  capitaux.  M.  Pepper  s'est  rendu  en  Colombie  et  a 
fait  une  ^tude  s^rieuse  des  conditions  actueUes  avant  d'^crire  ce 
rapport.  II  continue  ses  reclierches  dans  Tfiquateur,  au  P6rou  et 
dans  d' autres  pays  sud-am6ricains  sur  lesquels  il  fera  des  rapports 
similaires. 


ASSOCIATION    NATIONALE   DES    MANUFACTURIERS. 

L' Association  Rationale  des  Manufac tuners,  qui  a  son  si^ge  social 
8itu6  Broadway  No.  170,  New  York,  etqui  a  pour  president  M.  James 
W.  Van  Cleave  de  Saint  Louis,  Missouri,  va  doimer  un  nouvel  assor 
k  une  section  secondaire  de  son  organisation  qui  est  d^uhe  grande  im- 
portance. La  revue  ''American  Industries'^  d^crit  dans  son  num^ro 
du  mois  de  dficembre  comment  TAssociation  compte  foumir  k  ses 
membres  tous  les  renseignements  qu'ils  pourront  d&irer  au  sujet  des 
conditions  commerciales  des  'pays  strangers.  En  m^me  temps  on 
fait  savoir  que  les  commer^ants  strangers  pourront  toujours  rece- 
voir,  k  titre  gracieux,  les  reseignements  dont  ils  ont  besoin  au  sujet 
du  commerce  et  de  Tindustrie.  Si  un  exportateur  ou  commer^ant  do 
TAm^rique  du  Sud  d&ire  entrer  en  relations  commerciales  avec  une 
maison  des  fitats-Unis,  il  peut  ^crire  k  I'Association  Nationale  des 
Manufacturiers  et  recevoir  les  donn^es  dont  il  a  besoin  au  sujet  des 
maisons  avec  lesquelles  il  veut  entrer  en  communication.  Cette 
Association  contribuera  beaucoup  k  encourager  le  commfttc^  «ofetft 


220     BL'REAU  INTEB2^ATI0NAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMEBICATN^ES. 

ks  £tats-Unis  et  les  R^publiques  latino-am^ricaines.  Le  Bureau 
appr6cie  F  off  re  de  cooperation  que  F  Association  hii  a  faite  pour 
encourager  le  commerce  pan-am6ricain  et  il  sera  toujours  heureux  de 
f oumir  tous  les  renseignements^dont  il  dispose,  aux  membres  de  T  Asso- 
ciation qui  d&irent  entrer  en  relations  d'affaires  avec  les  comnier- 
9ant4>  de  TAm^rique  Latine. 


PARTICIPATION    DU    BUREAU  A   LA  TROISIKME   CONVENTION  SANITAIRE 

IXTEKNATIONALE. 

D'apres  le  rapport  pr^par^  par  M.  Francisco  J.  Yanes,  Secretaire 
du  Bureau  et  dei^gu^  cle  celle  institution  a  la  Troisieme  Convention 
Sanitaire  Internationale  qui  a  eu  lieu  k  Mexico  pendant  le  mois  de 
d^cembre  19Q7,  on  voit  la  part  active  prise  par  le  Bureau  dans  cett€^ 
convention.  Ce  rapport,  qui  est  public  dans  ce  num^ro  du  Buixetin, 
montre  nan  seulement  I'int^rfit  de  TAmgrique  Latine  au  sujet  des  coib- 
ditions  hygi^niques  modemes,  mais  aussi  son  appreciation  toujours 
eroissante  du  travail  fait  par  le  Bureau  pan-am^ricain  h  Washington. 


STATISTIQUES     COMMEUCIALES     DE     LA     REPUBLIQUE     ARGENTINE. 

Les  diiffres  foumis  par  le  Bureau  des  Statistiques  de  la  R^pu- 
bli([ue  Argentine  pour  los  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Tannfie  1907  font 
ressortir  unc  balance  commorciale  satisfaisantc  de  $38,043,393  en 
favour  du  pays.  L(»s  importations  se  sont  6lev6es  k  $202,835,218  et 
les  exportations  a  $240,878,811.  En  faisant  la  comparaison  avec 
la  m6me  p6rio(le  de  rann6e  precedente  on  remarque  des  deux 
c<5t6s  des  augmentations  sensibles,  cello  des  importations  6tant  de 
$0,519,704  et  celle  des  exportations  de  $16,247,350. 

On  pent  voir  le  developpoment  agricole  qui  se  continue  dans  le 
pays  par  le  rapport  officiol  sur  los  superficies  ensemenc^s.  En  effet 
c'est  en  1907  que  Ton  a  consacr6  le  plus  de  torre  a  la  culture  du 
ble,  du  lin  et  de  I'avoine.  C*ost  dans  tout  (pie  Ton  voit  regner  Tesprit 
de  progres.  Pour  encourager  I'industrie  niini^re  et  m^tallurgique 
dans  le  pays  on  vient  de  passer  une  loi  acconlant  pour  une  p^riode 
de  dix  aus  I'exemption  des  dn)its  d'entree  sur  les  machines,  les 
outils  et  tout  le  mat6riel  destin6  aux  etablissements  miniers  et 
m6tallurgi<pios,  ce  (pii  fora  prendre  un  nouvel  essor  i  ce  genre  <rin- 
dustrie. 


BUBCAU   INTERNATIONAL   DES   REPUBLIQUES   AMERICAINES.    221 
BALANCE    COMMERCIALE    JyV    BRESIF.. 

Malgr6  la  diminution  en  valeur  des  deux  principaux  articles  d'ex- 
portation — ^le  caf6  et  le  caoutchouc — pendant  les  mois  d'aoftt  et  de 
septembre  1907,1a  balance  commereiale  en  fa veur  du  pays  accuse  line 
augmentation  sensible  pour  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Tannfie  com- 
part h  celle  de  la  mfime  p^riode  de  Tann^e  1906,  ayant  passg  de 
$53,000,000  k  $63,000,000;  le  total  des  importations  s'gleve  ^  $147 ,000,- 
000  et  celui  des  exportations  k  $210,000,000.  Des  deux  c6t6s  il  y  a 
eu  des  augmentations  sensibles  sur  Tannge  pr6c6dente  et  les  grandes 
importations  de  machines  et  de  mat^riaux  pour  les  travaux  publics 
ont  continue  jusqu'i  la  fin  de  Tann^. 

L' organisation  d'une  banque  agricole  au  capital  de  $10,000,000  est 
une  mesure  importante  pour  eneourager  les  industries  nationales. 
Cette  nouvelles  banque  doit  faciliter  par  tons  les  moyens  possibles  le 
d^veloppement  de  T agriculture  en  fournissant  les  fonds  et  le  credit 
pour  garantir  les  entreprises. 

Jje  progr^s  agricole  du  pays  sera  plus  encourag6  par  r^tablissement 
de  colons  japonais  dans  les  Etats  de  Rio  de  Janeiro  et  de  Sao  Paulo, 
les  autorit^  locales  et  la  compagnie  int6ress6e  ayant  fait  des  arrange- 
meots  pour  y  faire  venir  des  colons. 


KOUTEAU  MINiSTRE  DU  CHILI  AUX  ETATS-I^NIS  ET  AX  TRES  NOUVELLES 

DU   CHILI. 

Tout  en  souhaitant  la  bienvcnue  h  Scfior  Don  Axibal  Cruz, 
nouveau  ministre  du  Chili  aux  fitats-Unis,  le  Bureau  des  R^pu- 
bliques  Am^ricaines  reconnait  les  grands  services  rendus  par  le  minis- 
tre pr^c^dent,  Seftor  Walker-Martinez,  qui  represente  actuelleinent 
la  circonscription  de  Santiago  au  congres  chilien.  A  Toccasion  de  la 
presentation  de  ses  lettres  de  cr^ance  au  President  des  Ctats-Unis 
le  16  novembre  1907,  Seflor  Cruz  a  fait  eonnaitre  combien  son  gou- 
Temement  est  dfeireux  de  maintenir  les  bonnes  relations  qui  existent 
entre  les  deux  pays,  sentiments  que  M.  Roosevelt  a  fortement 
appuyfe  dans  sa  r^ponse. 

La  culture  du  lin  au  Chili  sera  encourag^e  par  un  subside  gouveme- 
mental  si  le  projet  de  loi  prfeent^  par  le  Prfeident  au  C^ongres  le  25 
octobre  1907  est  vot^.  Dans  le  projet  de  loi  dont  il  est  question 
$450,000  sont  consacr^s  au  paiement  de  primes  sur  le  lin  r^colt^, 
manufacture  et  exports  dans  le  pays  pendant  12  ans. 

On  pent  se  faire  une  idee  de  la  bonne  situation  financiere  du  pays 
par  les  reeettes  douani^res  per^ues  dans  les  diff^rents  ports  pendant 
les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Tannee  1907.  Ces  reeettes  se  sont  6levees 
a  $26,000,000,  accusant  une  augmentation  de  plus  de  $3,000,000  sur 
celles  de  la  mSme  p^riode  de  I'annee  precedente. 


222     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMBBICAJN'E@i. 

INDUSTRIES    NATIONALES    ET   MODIFICATIONS   DOUANIEKES   DE   lA 

COLOMBIE. 

On  reprodiiit  dans  ce  numero  du  Bulletin  des  renseignements 
pr^cieux  sur  le  caoutchouc  et  la  manufacture  du  coton  dans  le  pays. 
Ces  renseignements  sont  extraits  des  rapports  transniis  au  D6parte- 
ment  d'Etat  par  M.  I.  A.  Manning,  Consul  des  £tats-Unis  k  Car- 
tagene.  En  1906,  les  expeditions  de  caoutchouc  de  Cartagene  se 
sont  61ev6es  a  159,580  kilos,  tandis  que  dans  les  neuf  premiers  mois 
de  I'ann^e  1907  on  en  a  exports  136,680,  ce  qui  fait  voir  Taugmenta- 
tion  de  la  culture  de  caoutchouc  dans  le  pays.  Non  seulement  on 
etabht  des  plantations  de  grande  etendue,  mais  on  prend  des  mfe- 
sures  preventives  contre  la  destruction  des  arbres  sauvages. 

On  public  aussi  les  diverses  modifications  apport^es  au  tarif  coloni- 
bien  pendant  Tann^e  1907. 


ENVOYE    EXTRAORDINAIRE    DE    LA    REPUBLIQUE    DE    CX)STA-RICA   AUX 

ETATS-UNIS. 

Seflor  Don  Luis  Anderson,  un  des  delfigufe  de  Costa-Rica  au 
Congr^s  de  la  Paix  centro-am^ricain  tenu  h  Washington,  a  eu  en 
mfeme  temps  Thonneur  d^etre  nomm6  Envoy6  extraordinaire  et 
Ministre  pl^nipotentiaire  de  Costa-Rica  en  mission  sp^ciale  aux 
fitats-Unis.  II  a  6t6  re^u  on  cottc  quality  le  12  novembre  1907  par 
M.  Roosevelt,  President  des  fitats-Unis,  k  qui  il  a  prfeent^  les 
salutations  cordiales  de  M.  Gonzalez  Viquez,  President  de  la 
R^publique,  ainsi  que  celles  du  Gouvernement  et  du  peuple  de  Costa- 
rica. 


AUTRES    NOUVELLES   DE   COSTA-RICA. 

Par  suite  d'un  d6cret  pr6sidentiel  en  date  du  2  d^cembre  1907,  on  a 
^tabli  des  comices  agricoles  sp^ciaux  afin  d'encourager  et  de  d6ve- 
lopperl'agriculture  dans  les  diff^rcnts  d^partements,et  il  est  k  d&irer 
qu'on  puissc  faire  hausser  la  valeur  industrielle  des  autres  produits 
indigenes  autant  qu'on  I'a  fait  pour  celle  des  bananes. 

Au  sujet  de  cette  dernidre  culture  M.  Merry,  Ministre  des  £tats- 
Unis,  fait  savoir  que  par  suite  du  refus  des  grandes  compagnies 
int6ress6es  dans  la  culture  et  Texp^dition  de  ce  produit  d'accepter  le 
droit  d'exportation  de  1  cent  impos6  recemment  sur  chaque  regime 
de  bananes  (la  loi  ayant  etc  faite  sujette  k  cette  acceptation),  T^tat 
de  rindustrie  reste  tel  qu'il  6tait  en  tant  qu*il  est  question  du  droit 
d'exportation. 


BTJBEAU   INTERNATIONAL   DES   REPUBLIQUES   AMERICAINES.    223 
REStTLTATS    DU   RECENSEMENT   CUBAIN. 

D'aprfes  le  recensement  de  Cuba  fait  en  1907,  la  population  s'elfeve 
h  2,028,282  habitants  contre  1,572,845  en  1899,  les  provinces  de  la 
Havane  et  de  Santa  Clara  ayant  le  plus  grand  nombre  d 'habitants. 
L'immigration  pour  Tannfe  fiscale  1906-7  montre  une  diminution 
sur  celle  de  Tann^e  prec6dente  qui  s'61evait  au  chiffre  de  23,080. 


AUTRES  NOUVELLES  DE  CUBA. 

Les  recettes  douani^res  encaiss^es  au  port  de  la  Havane  pendant 
Tann^e  1907  se  sont  61evges  k  $20,005,048.12,  soit  une  augmentation 
de  $l,300,00p  sur  I'annfe  1906.  On  a  vot6  une  allocation  de  $350,000 
pour  servir  h  prendre  des  mesures  sanitaires  dans  diff6rentes  muni- 
cipality contre  la  fifevre  jaune. 


EXPOSITION    NATION  ALE   DE   L'eQUATEUR. 

•Une  exposition  nationale  aura  lieu  k  Quito  le  10  aofit  1809  pour 
c616brer  le  centenaire  du  soulfevement  jy)ur  Tind^pendance  dans 
TAm^rique  du  Sud.  Le  dficret  ordonnant  la  calibration  a  6t6  publifi 
en  octobre  1907  par  M.  Alfaro,  Prfeident  de  la  R6publi([ue.  L'expo- 
sition  comprendra  non  seulement  les  produits  des  for6ts,  de  I'^levage, 
de  Tagriculture  et  des  mines,  ainsi  que  les  chemins  de  fer,  mais  il  y 
aura  aussi  des  sections  consacr^es  aux  faits  liistoriques  et  artistiques 
d'int^ret  international.  Le  Gouvernement  a  offert  des  prix  pour  la 
meilleure  composition  traitant  de  sujets  patriotiques  et  historiques. 
On  a  fait  des  arrangements  pour  la  participation  des  pays  strangers  k 
Texposition. 

commerce  du  GUATEMALA  ET  AVANTAGES  COMMERCIAUX. 

L'ouverture  au  Guatemala  de  la  route  commerciale  inter-ocianique 
allant  de  San  Jos6  sur  le  Pacifique  k  Puerto  Barrios  sur  TAtlantique, 
(iont  rinaguration  a  eu  lieu  le  19  Janvier  1908,  augmente  d'une 
mani^re  tres  sensible  Tint^rfet  et  la  valeur  de  la  brochure  publi^e 
r6cemment  par  Sefior  Victor  Aguilar  Pelaez,  Consul  du  Guatemala 
a  Liverpool  et  k  Manchester.  Afin  de  r^pondre  k  I'int^r^t  qui  s'est 
manifest^  r^cemment  au  sujet  de  tout  ce  qui  touche  cette  partie  de 
TAm^rique  Centrale,  le  Bulletin  a  reproduit  la  plus  grande  partie  de 
la  brochure  dont  il  est  question.  Cette  brochure  donne  un  r6sum6  du 
commerce  et  des  conditions  ^conomiques  du  pays  en  1906. 


224     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAISIBS. 

II  y  a  eu  une  grande  f  6te  dans  la  capitale  du  Guatemala  k  roccasion 
de  r entree  du  premier  train  venant  de  Puerto  Barrios,  et  en  comme- 
moration de  cet  6venement  il  y  a  une  exposition  nationale  des  produc- 
tions industrielles.  Des  represent  ants  sp6ciaux  des  pays  Strangers 
ont  assists  aux  c^r^monies  qui  ont  eu  lieu.  Le  chemin  de  fer  en  ques- 
tion facilitera  grandement  le  transport  des  produits  indigenes  aux 
ports  d'embarquement.  II  a  une  longueur  de  269  milles,  et  il  est  une 
preuve  ^vidente  du  d^veloppement  de  la  marche  progressive  de  ce 
pays. 


6tablissement  d'une  chambre  de  commerce  a  HAin. 

Pour  se  conformer  au  d6cret  pr^sidentiel,  en  date  du  30  nomTebre 
1907,  on  a  6tabli  une  chambre  de  commerce  ^  Port-au-Prince  dans  le 
but  d'encourager  les  int^r^ts  commerciaux,  agricoles,  industriels  et 
maritimes  du  pays.  Le  Gouvernement  a  vote  une  somme  de  $1,800 
pour  f aire  face  aux  frais  d'installation  et  le  President  de  la  R^publique 
en  a  6te  nomme  prfeident  honoraire.  Cette  Society  no  se  conten- 
tera  pas  de  donner  des  reuseignements  au  sujet  des  industries  et  des 
produits  indigenes,  mais  de  plus,  elle  servira  d*intermWiaire  pour 
r^pandre  h  Tint^rieur  du  pays  les  renseignements  qui  pourraient  lui 
6tre  utiles. 


AUGMENTxVTIOX  dans  le   HONDURAS  DES  DROITS  d' EXPORTATION   SUE 

LES    BANANES. 

Aiin  d'ameliorer  dans  les  ports  situfe  au  nord  du  Honduras,  les 
wharfs  et  les  constructions  qui  en  df^pendent  servant  k  Texp^dition 
des  bananes,  le  Gouvernement  a  augmente  de  deux  k  troiscentavos  le 
droit  d'exportation  sur  chaque  regime  de  bananes.  Cet  imp6t  addi- 
tionncl  servira  a  faire  les  ameliorations  et  changements  qu*on  jugera 
n^cessaires. 


LE  MEXIQUE  D  APRES  F.ES  Vl'ES  DE  SON  MINISTRE  DES  FINANCES. 

Seilor  Licenciado  Jose  Yves  Limantour,  le  distingue  Ministre  des 
Finances  du  Mexique,  vient  de  faire  paraitre  sur  la  situation  financidre 
et  ^conomique  du  pays  son  rapport  annuel  qui  fera  gpoque  dans  les 
annaies  du  Mexique.  Toutes  les  personnes  qui  dfeirent  se  faire  une 
idee  exacte  des  affaires  mexicaines  dovient  lire  le  rapport  qif  il  a  fait 
le  14  decembre  1907  au  Congres  national.  On  publie  dans  ce  num^ro 
du  Bulletin  un  r6sum6  qui  relate  lesfaits  les  plus  saillants,  montrant 
les  conditions  satisfaisantes  dans  les(|uelles  se  trouve  cette  contrte 
importantc  de  1' Union  pan-americaine. 


BfrB£AU   INTERNATIONAL  I>ES   REFUBLIQUES   AMERICAINES.    22^5 

Le  rapport  sur  le  coninierce  {>endant  le  premier  trimestre  de  I'ann^e 
fiscale  19€7~8  moutre  uiije  augmeiitatioBL  de  plus  de  $5,000,000  en  im- 
portations et  exportation^,  ce  qui  est  d'autant  plus  satis£aisant  que 
dans  la  m*me  p6rio4le  des  deux  aonies  fiseales  pr6G6dentes  il  y  avait 
une  diminution  dans  les  exportation^ 

Les  amSlioirations  qui  sont  eu  voie  d' execution  et  celles  4ud  ne  sont 
encore  quk  I'fitat  de  projet  aux  points  extremes  du  chemin  de  fer  de 
Tehuantepec,  allant  de  TAtlantique  au  Pacifique,  excitent  le  plus 
grand  int6r6t  parmi  les  promoteurs  d'un  moyen  de  communication  k 
t ravers  risthme  et  Ton  se  pFop4)se  de  faire  de  Saltna  Cruz  et  de  Coatzo- 
coalcos  des  ports  de  transbordement  pour  les  marchandises,  pouvant 
piraliser  avec  ceux  du  monde  en  tier. 


MESSAGE    DU    PRESIDENT    DU    NICARAGUA. 

Le  message  prononc6  devant  le  congres  le  P""  decembre  1907,  par  M. 
Zelaya,  President  dn  Nicaragua  est  un  document  important  qui  ren- 
fenne  les  vues  du  Pouvoir  Ex^cutif  au  sujet  des  causes  et  des  r&ul- 
tats  de  la  r^cente  Conference  de  la  Paix  tenue  a  Washington. 

La  concession  accordSe  pas  le  Gourernement  h  MM.  Guerrero  et 
Mo&Ei&A  pour  Texploitktion  des  for^ts  d'arbres  a  caoutclxouc  du 
pays  pendant  une  durfie  de  dix  ans  a  partirdu  IQseptembre  1905,  vient 
d'etre  transferee  k  la  Compagnie  Industrielle  de  I'Atlantique  qui  en 
continuera  Texploitation  commencee  par  les  anciens  concessionnaires. 

Une  nouvelle  loi  sur  les  marques  de  fabrique,  promulgee  le  26  no- 
vembre  1907,  a  une  grande  portee  sur  la  protection  industrielle  au 
Nicaragua.  FAle  a  pour  but  de  prot^ger  le  commerce  exterieur  et 
interieur. 


rapport  de  M.  KELLOGG,  CONSUL  A  COLON,  PANAMA. 

Dans  son  rapport  sur  te  commerce  de  Bocas  del  Toro  M.  James  C. 
Keijlooo,  consul  des  fitats-Unis  k  Colon,  inontre  que  les  importations 
dans  ce  port  pendant  Fannie  fiscale  1907  ont  augment6  sur  la  mt^me 
p^riode  de  Tann^e  pr6cedente,  mais  que  les  exportations  ont  diminue. 
On  espere  que  Texpedition  de  bananes  en  Europe,  en  vue  de  la(|uelle 
on  a  installs  des  appareils  frigorifiqucs  dans  les  vapours,  produira 
cette  ann^e  des  r^sultats  completement  opposes.  Ce  sont  les  fit  at  s- 
Unis  qui  ont  la  phis  grande  part  dans  le  commerce  de  ce  port. 


^22i5     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 
BANQUE    XATIOXALE   AU    PARAGUAY. 

On  vient  de  pr^enter  au  Congres  paraguayen  un  projet  de  loi  pour 
r^tablissement  d'une  banque  mixte  avec  autorisation  du  goveme- 
ment.  Cette  organisation  financiere  sera  connue  sous  le  nom  de 
Banque  de  la  Republique  et  disposera  d'un  capital  de  $20,000,000  en 
or.  On  fait  voir  dans  ce  num^o  du  BuLLETiN  les  differentes  operations 
auxquelles  se  liverera  cette  banque. 


NOUVEAU  SERVICE  DE  VAPEURS  ENTRE  NEW  YORK  ET  CALLAO. 

L' inauguration  d^un  nouveau  service  de  bateaux  S,  vapeur  entre 
New  York  ot  Callao  via  Panama  sera  un  grand  pas  fait  en  avant'dans 
les  rapports  de  ces  deux  centres  commerciaux.  Cett€  entreprise,  qui 
est  sous  la  direction  de  la  Conipagnie  Nationale  de  bateaux  k  vapeur 
et  des  docks  flottants  de  Callao,  a  dti  commencer  ses  voyages  de  trJs 
bonne  heure  en  1908.  Le  capital  de  cette  soci6t6  est  de  $15,000,000, 
outre  cela,  elle  a  re^ u  du  gouvernement  p^ruvien  une  subvention  de 
$1,500,000. 

RECETTES    DOUANIERES    DU    SALVADOR. 

D^apr^s  les  derniercs  statistiques  les  recettes  douanieres  du  Salva- 
dor se  sont  eJev^es  h  $543,624.72  pour  le  premier  trimestre  de  Fann^ 
1907,  et  en  les  comparant  avec  celles  de  la  m^me  p^riode  de  Tannic 
1906,  on  voit  qu'il  y  a  une  diminution  de  $145,904.42. 


RECETTES    DOUAXIERES    DE    L  URUGUAY. 

Bien  que  les  recettes  douanieres  de  TUruguay  en  octobre  1907 
accusent  une  diminution  16gere  sur  celles  du  meme  mois  de  Tannte 
1906,  le  total  pour  les  dix  mois  finissant  en  octobre  fait  ressortir 
une  augmentation,  les  totaux  pour  les  deux  ann6es  —  Janvier  It 
octobre— 6tant  de  $]  1 ,271 ,871  et  de  $11,006,639,  respectivement. 

Le  Cor])s  Legislatif,  en  la  soumettant  au  Gouvernement,  a  fait  de 
grands  changements  k  la  loi  sur  I'impot  pour  I'annfie  1908.  Une  des 
provisions  augmente  de  3  li  7  pour  cent  I'impot  sur  les  primes  des  com- 
pagnies  d 'assurance  etrangeres. 


AUGMENTATION    DES    DROITS   D  IMPORTATION    AU   VENEZUELA. 

Un  dOcret  gouvernement al  en  date  du  14  novembre  1907  frappe 
d*une  surtaxe  difTOrents  produits  alimentaires  et  des  articles  d*usage 
courant.  Des  modifications  apportOes  rOcemment  au  tarif  ont  trait 
it  d'autres  articles. 


LETTRE  IMPORT  ANTE  DU  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.     227 

PREMIER    CONGRfiS    SCIENTIFIQUE    PAN- 

AMfiRICAIN. 

Le  Premier  Congrfes  Scientifique  Latino-Am^ricain  a  eu  lieu  en 
1898  k  Bu^nos-Ayres,  capitale  de  la  R^publique  Argentine.  La 
seconde  session  du  Congres  a  eu  lieu  en  1901  k  Mont^vid^o,  capitale 
de  rUniguay,  et  la  troisieme  en  1905  k  Rio  de  Janeiro,  capitale  du 
Br^sil. 

On  a  maintenant  d6cid6  de  tenir  la  quatri^me  reunion  k  Santiago 
pendant  les  dix  premiers  jours  du  mois  de  d^cembre  de  1908,  et  le 
Gouvernement  chilien  a  envoys  des  invitations  a  cet  effet. 

De  plus,  on  s'est  d6cid6  k  6tendre  la  sphere  d'action  du  Gongrfes 
et  i  y  faire  participer  toutes  les  R6publiques  Am6ricaines;  dans  ce 
but  le  Gouvernement  chilien  a  envoy6  une  invitation  officielle  aux 
Etats-Unis.  En  mSme  temps,  on  a  chang^  le  nom  du  QuatriSme 
Congres  Scientifique  Latino-Am6ricain  en  celui  de  Premier  Gongr&s 
Scientifique  Panam^ricain,  denomination  plus  en  rapport  avec  le 
grand  nombre  de  pays  qui  en  feront  partie. 

M.  Roosevelt,  Prfeident  de  la  R6publique,  en  transmettant  au 
Congrds  le  rapport  que  M.  Root,  Secretaire  d^Etat,  a  fait  k  ce  sujet, 
a  appuye  fortement  la  de.mande  de  M.  Root,  afin  que  les  Etats-Unis 
donnent  une  indemnity  suffisante  pour  se  faire  reprfeenter  k  ce  Con- 
gres (rune  maniere  convenable. 


LETTRE   IMPORTANTE    DU   PRESIDENT 
ROOSEVELT. 

M.  L.  S.  RowE,  professeur  k  TUniversite  de  Pennsjivanie,  un  des 
dei^gufe  des  fitats-Unis  a  la  Troisieme  Conference  Internationale 
Americaine  qui  a  eu  lieu  k  Rio  de  Janeiro  au  mois  de  juillet  1906,  a 
fait  k  Tissue  de  cette  conference  un  voyage  d'un  an  et  demi  dans 
TAmerique  du  Sud  pour  etudier  d'une  maniSre  serieuse  les  condi- 
tions economiques,  sociales  et  politiques  des  differentes  republiques 
soeurs  qui  se  trouvent  au  sud    de   I'isthme. 

Depuis  son  retour,  M.  Rowe  a  eu  avec  M.  Roosevelt,  President 
des  fitats-Unis,  plusieurs  entrevues  sur  le  but  et  les  resultats  de  son 
voyage  et  en  particulier  sur  les  projets  qu'il  a  faits  pour  le  developpe- 
ment  de  relations  intellectuelles  plus  suivies  entre  les  Etats-Unis 
et  les  republiques  de  TAmerique  du  Sud.  Voici  la  lettre  d^appro- 
bation  que  M.  le  President  Roosevelt  a  ecrite  au  distingue  pro- 
fesseur: 

**Cher  MoNSiELTi  Rowe:  C'est  avec  le  plus  vif  inte^et  que  je  me 
suis  entretenu  avec  vous  au  sujet  des  resultats  de  votre  voyage  dans 
FAmerique  du  Sud  et  aussi  au  sujet  des  differents  projets  cyj^a  nqm^ 


228     BUREAU  INTEBNATIONAL  DES  SEPUBLIQUES  AMEBICAINES. 

avez  formes  pour  d^velopper  des  relations  intellectuelles  plus  suivies 
entre  le  nord  et  le  sud  du  continent  am^ricain.  En  plus  des  relations 
amicales  qui  existent  entre  les  Gouvernements  des  R6publiques  Am^ 
ricaines,  il  me  semble  qu^il  est  de  la  plus  grande  importance  d'^tablir 
des  relations  personnelles  des  plus  ^troites  entre  les  hommes  les  plus 
en  vue,  intellectuellement  parlant,  dans  ces  difffirents  paj^s.  Des 
relations  de  ce  genre  contribuent  grandement  k  faire  disparattre  les 
pr^jug^s  mal  fond6s  et  les  malentendus  qui  surgissent  faute  de  se 
connattre  mutuellement.  Mises  en  rapport  entre  elles,  toutes  les 
R6publiques  de  rh6misph&re  occidental  peuvent  apprendre  et  ensei^ 
gner  tout  k  la  fois. 

*^Pour  arriver  k  ce  but  si  important,  les  colleges  amSricains  du 
continent  am^ricain  sont  sArement  les  meilleurs  agents.  II  y  a  un 
grand  nombre  de  probl^mes  6conomiques,  sociaux  et  industriels,  sans 
parler  de  ceux  qui  sont  purement  scientifiques,  dont  le  caractdre  est 
essentiellement  am^ricain  et  F^tendue  d' action  tout  k  fait,  c(mtinen- 
tale.  Par  I'entremise  des  6tudiants  des  difffirentes  nations  et  ceux 
qui  s'y  livrent  k  dos  recherches,  Texp^rience  ainsi  accumul^  de  notre 
h^misph^re  peut  avoir  une  grande  port6e  sur  ces  probldmes  et  en 
faciliter  par  la  mdme  la  solution  heureuso.  L^union  de  pens^ 
et  d^action  suscit^e  de  cette  maniere  contribuera  k  rendre  de  plus 
grands  services  aiix  diflf^rents  pays  en  r^tr^cissant  de  plus  en  plus  les 
iiens  d'amiti^  qui  unissent  dejJi  les  peuples  de  Fh^misph^re  occidental. 

^'En  vous  souhaitant  la  plus  grande  r^ussite  dans  cette  entreprise 
je  vous  prie  de  recovoir  T expression  de  ma  plus  haute  consideration. 

' '  Theodore  Roosevelt.  ' ' 


RfiPUBLIQUE  ARGENTINE. 

EXEMPTION  DE  DROITS  D'ENTB^E  POUR  LE  MATISBTBL  DBSTHni 
AUX  igTABLISSEMENTTS  MIKIEBS  ET  ICgTALLTTBGiaXTES. 

En  vertu  d'une  loi  du  Congres  Argentin  du  30  septembre  dernier, 
sont  exoneres  dos  droits  de  douane  pour  un  terme  de  dix  ann^s:  lies 
machines,  les  outils  et  tout  le  materiel  n6cessaire  pour  Tinstallation 
et  I'exploitation  dos  etablissemonts  miniers  et  m^'tallurgiques  qui 
s'etabliront  ou  cjui  existent  d^ja  dans  la  Rf»publique.  Cette  exemp- 
tion concerne  entro  aulros  le  materiel  destin^  aux  perforations  faites 
dans  le  but  d'utiliser  les  oaux  du  sous-sol. 

I^os  d^penses  occasionnoes  par  la  verification  du  materiel  introduit — 
verification  qui  dovra  otro  cha(|Uo  fois  doinandeo  par  ecrit  i  la  douane 
competente — senmt  a  la  charge  de  ceux  qui  r^clament  rexon^ration 
des  droits. 


RSPUBLI(IU£    ARGENTINE.  229 

oomrBTioK  EynfHTExm  pendant  lss  neitf  pbemiebs  mois 

DE  L'ANN]gE  1907. 

Le  Bureau  des  Statistiques  du  Gouverneinent  argentin  vieiit 
de  pubUer  soa  bulletin  r^ulier,  *'E1  Coiuercio  Exterior  Argentin/' 
sur  le  commerce  ext^rieur  pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Tann^e 
1907.  La  valeur  des  importations  pour  cette  p^riode  s'est  61ev^  a 
(202,835,218  en  or,  ce  qui  fait  ressortir  une  augmentation  de 
$5,519*704  sur  les  chiffresde  la  m^me  periode  de  I'annee  1906.  Les 
exportations  se  sont  ^lev^es  a  $240,878,611,  soit  une  augmentation 
de  $16,247,350  sur  les  chiffres  de  la  mfime  periode  de  I'ann^  pre- 
cWente.  Le»  importations  soumises  aux  droits  de  douane  se  sont 
6Iev6es  k  $128,184,517  et  celles  qui  ont  6t6  admises  en  franchise 
de  droits  k  $74,650,701,  lor  et  Targent,  y  figurent  pour  $23,440,946. 
Sur  la  liste  des  exportations  les  articles  soumis  aux  droits  de  douane 
se  sont  £lev^  k  $868  et  les  exportations  admises  en  franchise  de 
droits  se  sont  61ev6es  k  $240,877,743,  les  expeditions  d'or  et  d^argent 
se  montant  k  $281,750. 

D'aprds  les  chiflres  ei-dessus  on  voit  que  la  balance  commerciale 
ea  favour  du  pays  s'est  ^levie,  pendant  les  neuf  mois  dont  il  est 
question,  k  $38,043,393,  tandis  que  les  importations  d'or  et  d^ argent 
out  d4pass6  de  $23,059,193  les  exportations. 

Voici,  par  ordre  d'importance,  les  pays  exportateurs  ainsi  que 
la  valeur  de  leurs  exportations:  Angleterre,  $71,964,236;  AUemagne, 
$32,131,549:  fitats-Unis,  $26,476,423;  France,  $18,447,927;  Italic, 
$17,577,375;  Belgique,  $11,471,881;  Br^sil,,  $5,371,721;  Espagne, 
$5,191,250;  Colonies  anglaises,  $2,641,515;  Uruguay,  $1,874,291; 
Autriche-Hongrie,  $1,731,721;  Suisse,  $1,567,371;  Pays-Bas, 
$1,162,333;  Paraguay,  $983,143;  Canada,  $687,141;  Perou,  $531,843; 
Chine,  $404,409;  Cuba,  $386,964;  Xorv^ege,  $336,171;  Chili,  $313,955; 
SuMe,  $280,076;  Russie,  $261,815;  Bohvie,  $105,457;  Australie, 
$44,418;  Danemark,  $38,744;  Grece,  S31,555;  Turquie,  $30,044; 
Colonies  hollandaises,  $30,039;  £([uateur,  S23,52.S;  Afriquo,  $15,997; 
Venezuela,  $9,633;  Colonies  nord-am^ricanes,  $9,355;  Colonies 
fran^aises,  $6,875;  Mexique,  $3,622:  Colombie,  $2,493;  Koumanic, 
$1,675;  £gypte,  $1,103;  Salvador,  $708;  Guat6mala.  $689;  Perse, 
$547;  R^pubhque  Dominicaine,  $287. 

En  faisant  la  comparaison  avec  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Tannee 
1906,  le^  pays  suivants  font  voir  une  augmentation  dans  lours 
exportations  ainsi  que  dans  la  valeur  de  ces  dernieres:  Ailemagne, 
$3,617,968;  Rbyaume-Uni,  $2,803,301 ;  Belgiquo, $2,262,096:  Autriche- 
Hongrie,  $545,587;  Uruguay,  $520,521:  Bresil,  $598,085:  Paraguay, 
$84,318,  et  Bolivie,  $10,862.^ 

IKun  autre  cdt^  on  remarque  une  diminution  dans  la  valeur  des 
exportations  des  pays  suivants:  France,  $2,216,698;  Italic,  $1,009,397; 
fitats-Unis,  $719^29;  Espagne,  $358,155;  Chili,  $132,410;  Pays-Bas, 
$27,344,  et  Afrique,  $5,265. 


230     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLTQUES  AMERICAINES. 


Voici  par  ordre  d^ importance  les  pays  iinportateurs  ainsi  que  la 
valeur  de  leurs  importations:  Angle terre,  $40,561,378;  AUemagne, 
$28,784,527;  France,  $28,351,594;  Belgique,  $24,637,880;  Br6sil, 
$10,388,686;  fitats-Unis,  $8,627,941;  Pays-Bas,  $3,526,970;  Italie, 
$3,283,705;  Uruguay,  $2,839,833;  Chili,  $1,586,677;  Afrique,  $1,326,- 
650;  Espagne,  $1,287,154;  Norvege,  $1,061,144;  Sufede,  $665,149; 
Bolivie,  $543,853;  Autriche-Hongrie,  $521,492;  Cuba,  $217,811; 
Paraguay,  $117,139;  P^rou,  $90,613;  Danemark,  $89,238;  Colonies 
anglaises,  $45,197;  Portugal,  $25,401;  Colonies  fran^aises,  $664^^ 

Voici  les  diff6rents  pays  qui  accusent  ime  augmentation  dans  leurs 
importations:  Angle  terre,  $9,300,538;  Belgique,  $5,027,366;  France, 
$3,711,702;  Br^sil,  $1,598,683;  Pays-Bas,  $1,189,856;  Autriche- 
Hongrie,  $486,951;  Chili,  $430,984,  et  Bolivie,  $246,076. 

Voici  les  diff^rents  pays  qui  accusent  une  diminution  dans  leurs 
importations:  Afrique,  $1,957,171;  fitats-Unis,  $1,701,312;  Italie, 
$1,526,770;  Uruguay,  $977,049;  Espagne,  $574,033;  Allemagne, 
$399,408,  et  Paraguay,  $17,709. 

C'est  pendant  les  neuf  mois  de  Fannie  1907  que  les  importations 
ont  atteint  le  chifTre  le  plus  61ev6  dans  le  cours  de  la  p^riode  d^cennale 
1898-1907.  Quant  aux  exportations,  dans  la  infime  p^riode,  elle 
n'ont  6t6  depass6es  qu'en  1905,  6poque  k  laquelle  elles  ont  atteint 
le  chifTre  de  $247,110,133. 

D'apres  les  chiffres  ci-dessus  les  provisions  officielles  du  commerce 
d'importation  pour  TannOe  enti^re  donnent  le  chiffre  de  $268,655,217, 
contre  $260,970,521  en  1906.  D'un  autre  c6i6  les  provisions  offi- 
cielles pour  le  commerce  dVxportation  de  PannOe  entifire  donnent  le 
chiffre  de  $318,622,501,  contre  $292,253,829  pour  TannOe  1906. 

Voici  les  importations  pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Pannie 
1907,  par  ospeces  et  valeurs,  montrant  les  augmentations  ou  les 
diminutions  qui  en  rcssortent  en  les  comparant  h  la  pOriode  corres- 
pondante  de  1906: 


Articles. 


Animaux  siir  plixi 

Produits  alim(>ntain's. 
Tabac  et  ses  produits. 

VIns  et  liqueurs 

Textiles. 


lluiles.  etc 

Produits  chimiques  et  pharniaceutlquos 

Couleurs  et  teinturea 

Bois  et  articles  en  hols 

Papier  et  articles  en  papier 

Cuir  et  articles  en  cufr 

Fer  et  acier  et  ol)jets  en  fer  et  ucler 

Autros  mi^taux 

Outils  agricolea 

Voitures  et  ses  parties 

Produits  c6ramiques i      14, 

Mat4riaux  pour  la  const  mot  ion 

Appareila  wectriques 

Articles  divers 


Neuf  pre- 

ComparmiaoB 

miers  mois 

avec  Tan- 

de  1907. 

Iitel90«. 

11.282.472 

-     184.  in 

14.488.526 

+  1,427.290 

3.334.241 

-      313. 171 

8.638.272 

-      122,005 

36.774.332 

-  7.292,130 

T),  706. 485 

+      152.479 

5,758.450 

•+        53,00 

1,090.496 

-        77.482 

4, 142. 710 

+        99,680 

3.860.(108 

■¥      400.900 

1,519.115 

-    v»,sa2 

21.881.358 

-  3.045,000 

5.  Oa5. 933 

-      972.505 

10.403.024 

-  1.094.407 

40.704.872 

+  16.270,779 

14.852.952 

-      412,055 

15.784.498 

+      604.040 

2.4S7,0ia 

+      287.154 

5.020,858 

+        47.210 

REPUBLIQUE  ARGENTINE.  231 

Voici  les  exportations  pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Tann^e 
1907,  par  esp^ces  et  valeurs,  montrant  les  augmentations  ou  les 
diminutions  qui  en  ressortent,  en  les  comparant  h  la  p6riode  corre- 
spondante  de  1906: 


:     Neuf  prr- 
Articles.  miers  mois 

•      do  1907. 


Produits  ftnimaux '    fR8,24('),  rm 


Prodoita  agricoles. 
Produits  des  for^ts. . . 
Produits  des  mines. . . 
Produits  de  la  chasse. 
Divrrs 


14r),40(),0(il 

3,9fi«,755 

490,019 

609,565 

1,150,045 


Comparaison 

avec  I'annee 

1906. 


Il,4()4,958 
+  19,524,731 

-  fc05,130 
+      302,712 

92,765 

-  1,217,240 


BEOETTES    PBOVENANT    D'lMPdXS    INT^BIEUKS    PENDANT 

L'ANNISE  1907. 

Les  recettes  provenant  d^imp6ts  interieurs  pendant  les  neuf  pre- 
miers mois  de  Fannie  1907  se  sont  61ev6es  k  $31,493,006.17  papier 
et  $21,641  or,  contre  $28,744,276.68  papier  et  $19,634.16  or  pendant 
la  m6me  p^riode  de  I'ann^e  pr6c6dente. 

STATISTiaiTES  DU  BJ^TAIL  SUB  PIED. 

Voici,  d'aprfes  les  donn^es  publi6es  par  le  Bureau  d'ftconomie  Rurale 
au  Minist^re  de  rAgriculture  de  la  R^publique  Argentine,  le  nombre 
total  de  bfites  sur  pied,  calculi  approximativement  selon  certains 
faits  <lans  les  provinces  et  autres  renseignements  provenant  de  m^me 
source : 

Boeufo 25,  844,  811     Mulcts  et  anes 545,  870 

Moutons 77,580,500     Cochons 2,845,700 

Che\-aux 5,462,170     Ch^vres 2,566,800 

CULTTJBE  DU  COTON. 

D'aprte  les  renseignements  qu'on  a  pu  se  procurer  au  Ministere  de 
rAgriculture,  il  y  a  4,000  hectares  de  terre,  soit  environ  10,000  acres^ 
consacr^s  k  la  culture  du  coton.  Ces  terres  se  trouvent  principale- 
ment  dans  les  provinces  de  Comentes,  de  Santa  F6,  de  La  Rioja  et  de 
Tucuman.  Pendant  les  mois  de  juin  et  de  juillet  1907  les  exportations 
de  ce  produit  en  Angleterre  se  sont  elev6es  k  46,000  kilogrammes 
(101,200  livres): 

II  n'y  a  que  deux  filatures  en  activity  dans  le  pays,  les  ateliers  de 
tissage  sont  au  nombre  de  62,  employant  en  grande  partie  la  laine 
import^e. 

Les  demiers  renseignements  a  ce  sujet  indiquent  que  le  climat  et  le 
sol  de  la  R^publique  Argentine  conviennent  &- cette  culture,  etd'aprds 
Tavis  d'experts  en  cette  matiSre,  on  pourrait  employer  les  Indiens 
pour  supplier  au  manque  de  bras. 
2Ml^-%M.  1-^6 16 


232     BUREAU  IXTERXATIONAL  DBS  BEPUBUQUES  AMEBICAINES. 

BRfiSIL. 

COIOIEBCE  EXT]£RIETJB  PENDANT    LES    NETTF  PBEWTERS    M0I8 

DE  L'ANNl^E  1907. 

Les  statistiques  du  commerce  ext^rieiir  du  Brfeil  pour  les  neuf 
premiers  mois  de  Tannde  1907  (janvier-septembre),  montrent  un 
total  de  468,550:938$  ($147,000,000)  pour  les  importations,  contre 
337,984:983$  ($114,500,000)  dans  les  m^mes  mois  de  Tannge  1906 
et  un  total  de  669,286: 556$  ($210,500,000),  contre  498,691:572$ 
($168,500,000)  pour  les  exportations  dans  la  m^me  p^riode  de  Tann^ 
pr6c6dente.  On  y  voit  done  une  augmentation  de  $22,000,000  dans 
les  importations  et  $42,000,000  dans  les  exportations  pour  les  neuf 
mois  dc  rann6e  1907,  et  la  balance  commerciale  en  faveur  du  pays 
s'est  6levee  a  $62,000,000,  contre  $53,000,000  pour  les  mfemes  mois 
de  Tannic  1906. 

Ijc  chiffre  6norme  de  cette  balance  commerciale  provient  des  sept 
premiers  mois  de  Tannic  1907,  car  dans  les  mois  d'aoflt  et  de  sep- 
tembre  il  y  a  une  diminution  dans  les  exportations  du  caf6  et  du 
caoutchouc.  D^un  autre  c6t6  les  importations  pendant  les  deux 
mois  dont  il  est  question  out  continue  a  augmenter  par  suite  de  la 
demande  de  macliines  et  de  mat^riaux  n^cessaires  aux  nombreux  et 
importants  trava\ix  publics  en  voie  de  construction  an  Br^siL 

KECETTES  DGUANI^RES  POUR  LES  NEUF  MOIS  DE  L'ANN£S  1907. 

Ijes  recettes  douanidres  des  diff^rents  bureaux  de  douane  <lo  la 
R6publiciue  Br^silienne  pour  les  neuf  mois — Janvier  &  octobre — de 
Pann6e  1907,  se  sont  61evees  k  218,555$000  ($72,123,150),  centre 
175,177$000  ($57,808,410)  dans  la  m^me  p^riode  de  Tann^  pr6c^ 
dente,  soit  ime  augmentation  de  plus  de  $14,000,000. 


CHILL 


RECETTES  BOUANliiRES   POUR   LES  NEUF    PREKISRS  HOIS   DX 

L'ANN]£E  1907. 

Ix*s  recettes  tot  ales  des  douanes  chiliennes  pour  les  neuf  premiers 
mois  finissant  en  septembn»  1907  se  sont  ^lev6es  &  78,371,077.96 
pesos  (environ  $36,000,000),  ce  qui  fait  ressortir  une  augmentation 
de  9,270,839.31  pesos  (eYiviron  $3,000,000)  sur  la  mfeme  p^riode  de 
I'annfie  pr6c6dente. 

FONDS    D'jgTAT    DjgPOSJgS    DANS    LES   BANQUES. 

D'apr^s  la  ''Revista  Comercial"  du  12  octobre  1907,  les  fonds 
d'l5tat  d^pos^s  dans  les  diff ^rentes  banques  chiliennes  se  sont  ^levjes 
au  30  soptembre  &  53,440,677.32  pesos  (environ  $18,800,000). 


CHILI. 


233 


Voici  le  iioin  des  banques  oil  ces 

Pesos. 

Ban<o  do  Chile 18,  018,  863. 96 

Banco  de  la  Repdblica ...     6,  025,  809. 72 

Banco  Nacional 9, 951,  364. 72 

Banco  de  Santiago 3,  855, 968. 09 

Banco  Populan 751,  412. 44 

Banco  Minero 20,  817. 40 

Banco  Espauol  de  Chile. .     6,  638, 420. 43 

Banco  Italiano 1,  058,  915.  73 

Banco  de  Concepcion 785,  385. 65 

Banco  Industrial  de  Chile  62, 441. 42 


fonds  ont  6t6  deposes: 

Banco  Union  Comercial . . . 
Bank  of  A.  Edwards  Sc  Co. 

Banco  de  La  Serena 

Banco  Mobiliario 

Banco  de  Talca 

Banco  de  Melipilla 

Banco  Hipotecario  de  Val- 
paraiso   

Banco  de  Nuble 

Banco  de  Punta  Arenas. . . 


71,  508.  OG 

1,044,875.07 

210,  332.-53 

3,  490,  372.  89 

508,  567. 42 

80,  337. 12 

166,  533, 08 
41,  650.  99 
57, 100. 00 


EMPBXJNT  DE  d&l,  100,000. 

liC  16  septembre  1907  le  Groiivemement  chilien,  represente  par  son 
MinLstre  P16nipotentiaire  k  Londres,  a  contracte  avec  MM.  X.  M. 
RoTSCHiLD  ET  FiLS  un  emprunt  de  £1,100,000  qui  sera  6mis  en  bons 
du  tr6sor  payables  k  la  bauque  de  ladite  compagnie  a  I^ndres  le  24 
mars  1909. 

ATTGHBNTATIOK  DANS    LES    IMPORTATIONS    DE   COLIS-POSTATJX 

190a-1906. 

Voiei,  d'apres  des  donnees  ofTicielles  revues  dernierenient  du  Chili, 
raugmentation  des  importations  de  colis-postaux  pendant  les  cinq 
mnn^es  de  1902-1906: 


Annws. 

lime 



. - 



1903 

1904  

1905                   

1906 

Valeur 

Roopttcs 

des  col is- 

provenant 

postdiix 

des  colis- 

rogua. 

postaux. 

$062,381 

$135,463 

830,742 

118,902 

893, 44() 

19»i,7&> 

877,8fi9 

300,421 

l,U2,9(i5 

349,803 

BfiCSTTBS    DOUANlilRES  POUK  LES   HUIT  ET    NEUF    PREMIERS 
MOIS  DE  L'ANNlgE    1907. 

Les  bureaux  de  <louaue  du  Chili  ont  per^ii  pendant  les  huit  pre- 
miers mois  de  Tannee  1907  un  total  de  70,117,153.75  pesos  ($23,- 
372,384.58),  contre  61,839,696.89  p^^os  ($30,613,232.29)  pour  Fannee 
1906,  soit  une  augmentation  de  8,277,456.86  2>e9o«  ($2,759,152.25). 
Les  recettes  pour  le  mois  d'aotit  1907  so  sont  61evees  a  9,082,241.81 
pesos  ($3,024,080.27),  contre  6,782,166.81  pe^sos  ($2,260,722.27),  pour 
le  m^me  mois  de  Tann^e  1906. 

Les  recettes  pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  I'annee  1907  se 
sont  6lev6es  k  78,371,977.96  pesos  ($26,123,992.65),  contre  68,963,- 
529,72  pesos  ($22,987,843.24)  dans  les  m6mes  mois  de  raiuiee  1900, 
soit  une  augmentation  de  9,408,448.24  pesos  ($3,136,149.41).  Au  mois 
de  septembre  1907  les  recettes  se  sont  6lev6es  a  8,254,824.21  pesos 
($2,418,274.73),  contre  7,123,832.83  pesos  ($2,341,277.61)  dans  le 
mdme  mois  de  I'ann^  1906. 


234     BUREAi:  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAIXES. 

COLOMBIE. 

IMPORTATION  D£   MAXS  EN  FRANCHISE  D£  DROITS. 

I"n  (16cret  du  President  de  la  Republique  de  Colombie,  en  date  du 

5  decembre   1907,  prolonge  jiisqu'au    V   mai    1908  la  validity  du 

il6cTGt  Xo.  1345  (111  5  novembre  1907,  exemptant  de  droits  de  douane 

le  mals  d^en^  imports  par  le  port  de  Riochacha  h,  destination  de  la 

Goapjira.     Cetto    exemption    affecte   sp6cialement   les    importations 

faites  depuis  le  V^  novembre  1907  jusqu'au  1"^  mai  1908.     Jje  mals 

imports?  par  les  ports  de  TAtlantiqiie  est  exempt  aussi  du  paiement 

des  droits  de  donane  depuis  le  P'"  decembre  1907  jusqu'au  l*"'  ma 

1908. 

MODIFICATIONS  DOTTANIJ^RES. 

I"  Pfario  Oflclul"  du  ISavril  1907.] 

Article  unique.  Jusqu'a  ce  qu'en  execution  des  dispositions  de  la 
loi  59  de  1905,  <m  ait  etabli  dans  tout  le  pays  la  circulation  de  la  mon- 
naic  (VoVj  est  autorisee  Tiniportation  par  les  ports  de  Tumaco,  Buena- 
ventura, Tpiales,  Arauca  et  Cucuta  des  monnaies  d'argent  nationales 
ou  6tran<;cfres  au  titre  de  0.900,  pour\'n  quVUes  ne  soient  pas  d6mon6- 
tis6es. 

Paragraphe,  Sont  en  consequence  suspendues  les  dispositions  des 
articles  14  et  16  de  la  loi  59  de  1905  k  partir  de  la  dat<j  de  la  publication 
du  prfeent  decret  dans  le  ^'Diario  Oficial.'' 

[•'  Duirio  OlifUl "  du  24  avril  1907.] 

AuTirLE  1*^  A  partir  de  la  date  de  la  publication  du  prfeent  decret, 
le  payement  des  droits  d'exportation  sur  les  m6taux  pr^cieux  peut 
6galem(Mit  s'efTectiier  dans  les  administrations  d^partementales  des 
rentes  r^organis^es. 

Art.  2.  Los  certidcats  relatifs  au  payement  do  ces  droits,  d^livr^i 
par  les  administratours  desdites  rentes,  feront  foi  par  devant  les 
adniinistrateurs  des'douanes. 

Art.  3.  Les  exportateurs  d*or,  d'argent  o\i  de  platine  prfeentenini 
en  temps  opportim  au  bureau  competent  des  rentes  r6organis^e8 
un  numifeste  en  triple  expedition,  contenant  les  indications  suivantes: 

P.  Les  manjues  des  caisses,  groups  {portesi),  barres  ou  lingotsdoni 
sc  c<mip<)se  Tenvoi  d*or; 

2".  Le  nonibre  ou  la  quantit6  des  colis  et  leur  num^ro  qui  diiT^rera 
pour  chaque  colis; 

3**.  Tjos  noms  de  Texpediteiir  et  du  destinataire; 

4".  Ta*  lieu  de  destination  de  Tenvoi; 

5".  L^espece  du  m6tal,  avec  designation  de  son  poids  d^apr^s  le 
systc'^me  metriijue ; 

ft".  Tja  somme  pour  laf^uelle  Tenvoi  a  et6  assurd  et  sa  valeur 
commerciale. 


COLOMBIE.  235 

Art.  4.  Est  ainsi  compl6t^  Tarticlo  3  du  (16(Tet  No.  1328  du  16 
novembre  1905. 

['•Diario  Ottcisil "  da  2  mai  1907.] 

Attendu  que  les  droits  d'entr^e  sur  les  marchandises  import6es 
par  les  douanes  de  Buenaventura  et  de  Tumaco  sont  moins  ^levfe  que 
ceux  impost  k  Tentrfie  k  Barranquilla  et,  qu^en  raison  des  facility 
de  transport  moins  on^reuses  et  des  droits  de  douane  plus  avantageux, 
la  marchandise  imports  par  Buenaventura  et  Tumaco  pent,  6tant 
introduite  dans  les  D6partements  du  Tolima  et  Huila,  faire  con- 
currence k  celle  import^e  par  Barranquilla,  au  prejudice  des  recettea 
de  la  douane  et  des  int^rfits  du  commerce,  il  a  6t6  decr6t6  ce  qui  suit: 

Article  l^*".  Est  declar^e  de  contrebandc  la  marchandise  qui,  des 
D^partements  de  Cauca  et  Xarino,  est  introduite  dans  les  D6parte- 
ments  du  Tolima  et  Iluila  ou  transite  k  travers  ces  D6partements.  ^ 

:|:  *  *  *  *       .  *  * 

Art.  3.  I^  present  d^cret  entrera  en  vicjueur  quinze  jours  aprfes 
sa  publication  dans  le  ^^Diario  Olicial.'' 

I'-  Disrio  Onciai"  du  4  luui  1907.] 

Art.  9.  Les  produits  du  sol  et  de  Tindustrio  de  Tune  des  deux 
R^publiques,  exports  par  les  ports  de  Tautre,  n'acquitteront  pas  k 
leur  sortie  des  droits  autres  ou  plus  61ev6s,  de  toutes  especes  ou  de- 
nominations, nationaux,  municipaux  ou  locaux,  que  ceux  qu^acquittent 
ou  acquitteraient  k  leur  exportation  les  monies  produits  du  sol  et  de 
rindustrie  de  la  R6publique  par  les  ports  do  laquelle  ils  sortent. 
.  Art.  10.  L'importation  ou  I'exportation  dans  les  ports  ou  par  les 
ports  de  Tune  des  deux  R^publiques  des  produits  du  sol  et  de  Tindus- 
trie  ne  sera  pas  interdite;  cependant  la  liberty  d'importer  ne  pourra 
exceptionnellement  pas  s'appliquer  aux  articles  soumis  ou  qui  seraient 
souniis  au  regime  de  la  r^gie  ou  dont  la  fabrication  ou  la  vente  sont  ou 
seraient  r6serv6es  en  vertude  lois,  au  Gouvernement  de  Tunc  ou  do 
Tautre  des  deux  R^publiques,  pas  plus  qu'aux  produits  des  autres 
pa3's  dont  Timportation  est  prohib^e,  lesdits  articles  6tant  6galement 
proliib^s  lorsqu'ils  proviennent  d'autres  pays. 

Art.  11.  Les  produits  du  sol  et  de  I'industrie  des  deux  R^publiques, 
dont  le  commerce  est  autorise  ou  dont  la  fabrication  ou  la  vente  n'est 
pas  ou  ne  serait  pas  r6serv6e  en  vertu  de  lois  au  Gouvernement  de  Tuno 
ou  de  Tautre  des  deux  R^publiques  (lesdits  articles  6tant  6galement 
prohibfes  lorsqu'ils  proviennent  d'autres  pays),  n'acquitteront  pas  de 
droits  ou  impdts  quelconques  nationaux  ou  municipaux  k  la  sortie  ou  k 
Tentrfie  par  leurs  frontiSres  de  terre;  lesdits  articles  ne  paieront  pas, 
comme  taxe  de  transport  ou  d'accise  dans  le  lieu  de  consommation,  des 
droits  ou  imp6ts  autres  ou  plus  Aleves  que  les  droits  ou  imp6ts  natio- 
naux, municipaux  ou  locaux  frappant  ou  qui  frapperaient  les  produits 
nationaux  du  sol  et  de  Tindustrie  de  mfime  espSce.     En  d'autrea 


286     BUREAU  TXTERXATTONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICATNES. 

termes,  aucim  dos  doux  pays  nc  pourra  soumettre  k  des  droits  d'expor- 
tatioii  l(\s  produits  do  son  sol,  parmi  lesquels  est  compris  le  b^tail,  iii 
coux  do  son  industrio,  oxportes  k  dostination  do  Tautro  pays,  ni  &  des 
droits  d'importation  los  produits  do  m^mo  osj^^co  provenant  do  Taiitre 

pays- 

Ainsi  quo  cola  a  4te  dit,  la  franchise  r6ciproque  ^tablio  dans  la  pr^ 
sento  clause  ne  s'^tend  pas  aux  articles  soumis  au  r^^me  do  la  r^ffic"  ni 
ib  Qoux  faisant  Tobjot  d'un  inonopolo  dans  Tun  on  I'autre  dos  doux 
pays. 

Art.  12.  Los  produits  du  sol  et  do  Tindustrio  des  nations  ^traiig^res, 
introduits  do  Tun  des  doux  pays  contract  ants  dans  Taiitre,  acquitteront 
les  droits  qui  lour  sont  applicablos  d'apr^s  le  tarif  gr^n^ral. 

i"  Dlario  Oftcial  "  du  4  iimilOOT.] 

Les  commis  voyagours  pourront  r6oxi)ortor  lours  ^chantillons  par 
les  douanos  do  lour  choix,  moyennant  lobservation  des  fonnalit^s 
suivantes: 

1".  Los  adniinistrateurs  do  la  douano  fixeront  los  droits  d'entr^ 
applicablos  aux  ochantillons  qu'importont  los  commis  voyageurs  et 
sursoioront  a  la  pt^rcoption  de  cos  droits  moyennant  caution  garantis- 
sant  le  paiement  en  douano  du  montant  de  cos  droits,  si  les  ^faantillons 
nc  sont  pas  riVxportt^s  par  losdits  voyageurs  dans  le  d61ai  <le  doiize 
mois. 

2'\  l-ios  Ci>mmis  voyageurs  devront  conserver  le  bordereau  de 
douano  6tablissant  los  droits  d'importation  auxquels  sont  soumis  les 
Wuintillons  ([u'lls  intro<luisent,  afm  do  pouvoir  le  prfaenter  au 
chef  do  la  douano  du  port  choisi  pour  lour  sortie,  et  que  ce  fone- 
tionnairo  soit  on  mosure  do  const ator  si  les^hantillons  qui  lui  sont 
pr^stMit^s  sont  los  memos  (lue  ceux  d^sign^s  <lans  le  bonlereaii  d'im- 
pi>rtation. 

'A'\  Apros  veriiication  du  poiils  ilos  Ochantillons  et  constatation  de 
lour  identity,  Tailministratour  do  la  douano  decharpera  la  caution 
foiurnio,  o(,  si  lexportation  des  Ochantillons  no  s'effectue  pas  par 
lo  mOmo  port  quo  rimjH>rtation,  lodit  fonctionnaire  en  donnera  avis 
&  radministralour  de  la  douano  d'entreo  iles  echantillons.  |K>ur  que 
celui-ci  proc^do  a  la  dechargo  ilo  la  caution. 

4'\  Si  roxiH>rtatii>n  dos  tVhantillons  no  s'ost  pas  effectuOe  dans  le 
delai  d'un  an  proscrit  pour  lour  reexport  at  i«>n.  les  ailministrateurs  de 
la  douane  pn>cevloront  a  la  iHTcoption  ilos  dnuts  d'entree  dfls. 

Article  unique.  Est  diffOrOe  au  V^  janvior  lOOS.  la  mise  on 
vigueur  du  docret  No.  476  du  22  avril  1 W7  rolatif  a  la  contrebande. 

I^  vin  do  Saint-Uaphael  sera  assimilo  aux  vins  rouges  et  rangi^ 
dsiis  Ih  (juatricino  classo  ilu  tarif. 


COLOMBIE.  237 

["Diario  Oficial"  dti  18  jnnvlor  1907.] 

Les  rouleaux  en  bois  avec  papier  perform,  pour  pianolas  et  autres 
instrument's  analogues^  seront  assimil6s  aux  parties  cVinstniments 
dits  orgues  et  pianos  ranges  dans  la  sixi^me  classe  du  tarif . 

["Diario  Oficial"  du  18  Janvier  1007.] 

Ne  pouiTont  ^tre  consid^r^s  de  production  nationale  les  articles 
manufactures  dans  le  pays  avec  des  mati^res  premieres  ^trangeres, 
pas  plus  que  ceux  travaill^s  ou  manufactures  en  dehors  du  pays  avec 
des  matieres  premieres  d^origine  colombienne. 

["  Diatio  Oficial "  du  28  janvior  1907.] 

Article  V,  Sont  exempt^s  des  droits  d'importation  tons  les 
engrais  chimiques  et  les  produits  suivants  servant  a  leur  fabrication: 
Phosphates dechaux  et  superphosphates,  c^est-a-dire,  phosphate  traite 
par  Tacide  sulfurique;  sels  de  potasse,  tels  que  chlorure  de  potassium 
connu  dans  Tindustrie  sous  le  nom  de  muriate  de  potasse,  sulfate  de 
potasse  et  kainite;  engrais  azotes,  tels  que  nitrate  de  sonde  et  sulfate 
d*ammoniaque,  calciocyanamide  ou  cyanamide  de  calcium,  ^galement 
connu  sous  le  nom  de  chaux  nitrogen^e;  sulfate  et  bisulfure  de 
carbone,  et  bitume  ou  vemis  pour  carton  impermeable  ou  trop^nol. 

Art.  2.  Est  exempte  de  la  surtaxe  de  70  pour  cent  le  fil  m6tallique 
pour  el6tures.  II  est  toutefois  entendu  que  cette  diminution  s'effec- 
tuera  par  dixi^mes,  conform^ment  aux  dispositions  de  T article  205  de 
la  Constitution. 

Paragraphe,  Est  modifie  par  I'article  P""  du  present  decret  le  qua- 
triitoe  alin^a  de  Tarticle  imique  du  decret  No.  1026  du  28  aodt  1906. 

("DiaTio  Ofioiai"  du  6  f^vrior  1907.] 

Article  unique.  Sont  exempt^s  du  paiement  des  droits  d'entr^e 
les  materiaux  importfe  pour  le  compte  de  la  municipality  de  Barran- 
quilla  et  destines  i  r^clairage  dlectrique,  au  marche  public  et  an 
num^roti^e  et  designation  des  rues  de  ladite  ville. 

Paragraphe.  Les  materiaux  dont  il  s'agit  seront  egalement  exemp- 
tes  du  paiement  de  rimp6t. 

r*  Diarlo  Oficial"  du  19  Wvrier  1907.] 

Article  unique.  A  partir  de  la  date  de  la  publication  du  present 
decret,  les  droits  de  douane  k  percevoir  k  I'importation  des  marchan- 
dises  par  le  port  de  Tumaco  seront  acquittes  en  argent  au  titre  de 
0.835. 

Paragraphs.  Le  present  decret,  qui  sera  conununique  a  I'adminis- 
trateur  de  la  douane  de  Tumaco  par  teiegraphe,  ne  modifie  pas  le 
decret  No.  717  du  16  juin  1906,  en  vertu  duquel  les  droits  applicables 
i^  rimportation  des  marchandises  JtPasto  doivent  etre  per^us  en  argent. 


238     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

["Diario  Oficial''  du  2  mars  1907.1 

Sont  exempt^s  du  paiement  des  droits,  non  seulement  les  ^hantil- 
lons  de  tissus  en  petits  coupons,  mais  aussi  toutes  les  tnarchandises, 
telles  que  papier,  carton,  cuir,  fer  ^maill6,  plaques  de  verre  6tam6es  ou 
non,  pourvu  qu'ils  soient  pr6sent&  en  petits  morceaux,  que,  de  Tavis 
de  Tadministrateur  de  la  douane,  ils  n'aient  aucune  application  et 
que,  conform^ment  au  tarif,  ils  ne  soient  pas  import^s  en  quantity 
sup6rieure  k  25  kilogrammes. 


COSTA  RICA. 

v^  jgTABLISSEMENT  DE    COMICES   AGRICOLES. 

Afin  d^encourager  le  d^veloppement  de  F agriculture  sur  le  terri- 
toire  de  la  R6publique  de  Costa-Rica,  le  President,  dans  un  d6cret 
en  date  du  2  d^cembre  1907,  a  donn^  Fordre  d'^tablir  des  comices 
agricoles  dans  les  difT^rents  cantons  excepts  dans  celui  de  San-Jos6. 
Ces  cornices  so  composcront  de  sept  membres,  et  ils  seront  places  sous 
la  direction  de  la  Soci6t6  Xationale  dAgriculture.  lis  sont  fond^ 
dans  le  but  d'encourager  et  de  d6velopper  I'agriculture  dans  leurs 
cantons  rospectifs. 


CUBA. 

D]£CISI0NS  DOUANIJ^BES  AU  SUJETDE  MARCH ANDISES  PEBBUES. 

La  '^Gaceta  Oliciar'  du  19  octobre  1907  public  une  circulaire 
disant  que  les  droits  de  douane  ne  doivent  fetre  perr'us  que  sur  les 
marchandises  actuellement  import^es  et  d^barqu^es  dans  Tile  et 
non  sur  les  marchandises  perdues,  soit  en  route,  soit  au  d^charge- 
ment  des  cargo-boatSj  mSme  quand  ces  marchandises  sont  men- 
tionnfies  sur  le  manifcste  ou  connaissement.  Cette  loi  annulc  toutes 
les  circulaires  contraires  k  ce  reglement. 

MOUVEMENT   DE   L'IMMIGBATION   PENDANT   L'ANN^E  FISCAXE 

1906-7. 

D'aprds  les  chiffres  publics  derni^rement  par  la  Division  des 
Statisticjues  du  D6partement  des  Finances  de  Cuba,  il  est  arriTfi 
dans  les  ports  de  Tile,  pendant  Tannfie  fiscale  1906-7,  29,572  immi- 
grants, dont  23,831  hommes  et  5,741  femmes. 


CUBA.  239 

Voici,  par  ordre  d'importance,  le  nombre  et  la  nationalite  de  ces 
immigrants: 

Espagne 22, 178  Am^rique  dii  Sud 143 

Angleterre :  2,044  Mexique 132 

Am^rique  du  Nord 1,  907  Scandinavie 100 

Porto  Rico 707  Gr^ce 81 

Autres  Indes  Occidentales 953  Autriche 36 

Syrie 294  Portugal 26 

France 281  Indes  Orientales 2G 

Turquie 264  Hollande 25 

lUlie 215  Pays  divers 86 

Arable 182 

En  comparant  le  total  g^n^ral  de  I'ann^e  1906-7  avec  celui  de 
I'ann^e  pr6c6dente,  on  constate  une  diminution  de  23,080  sur  I'ann^e 
1906-7,  le  nombre  d'immigrants  en  1905-6  ayant  6t6  de  52,652. 

BECENSEMENT  EN  1907. 

D'aprfes  le  recensement  fait  en  1907  ct  transmis  en  decembre  par  le 
Directeur  G6n6ral  du  Recensement  au  Gouvemeur  Provisoire  de  Cuba, 
la  population  de  Tile  s'^lfeve  k  2,028,282  habitants,  r^partie  de  la 
maniere  suivante  dans  les  diff6rentes  provinces.  On  donne  aussi  les 
chiffres  du  recensement  fait  en  1899,  afin  de  les  comparer  avec  ceux  de 
1907. 

i  i 

Provinces.  1S99.  1907. 


Pinmr  del  Rio 1 73 .  082 

Uabana 124,811 

MatanzM 202, 462 

Santa  Clara 376,537 

Camaguey 88,237 

Oriente 327,716 


Total 1 ,  ;772, 845 


240.781 
518,524 
239.866 
457,897 
117.432 
453,782 

2, 028, -282 


Kquateur. 

MODIFICATIONS    DOUANIKRES. 

(••  Uogistro  Oflcial"  du  17  janvirr  1907.] 

Article  1^.  Sont  exempts  de  tout  imp6t  fiscal  et  municipal  les 
produits  suivants  de  premiere  n^cessite:  Mais,  orge,  pommes  de  terre, 
haricots,  vesces,  lentilles,  froment  et  sucre. 

Le  droit  applicable  k  T importation  des  p&tes  alimentaires  sera  de 
1  centavo  par  kilogramme,  aussi  bien  en  vertu  du  prdsent  d6cret 
qu'aux  termes  du  tarif  des  douanes. 

Sont  ^galement  exempts  de  tout  imp6t  fiscal  et  municipal,  le  riz 
et  les  farines  import^s  du  P^rou  dans  la  Province  de  Loja  par  la 
douane  de  terre  du  Macara. 


240     BUREAU  IXTERXATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

Art.  7.  II  sera  i)ervu  im  impot  de  2  centavos  par  bouteille  de 
biere  fabriquee  dans  le  Littoral  et  im  droit  d^  3  centavos  par  kilo- 
gramme brut,  et  en  plus  la  surtaxe  de  100  pour  cent,  comme  droit 
unique,  a  Timportation  de  la  biere  ^trang^re;  est  abrog6  eti  conse- 
quence rimpot  de  consommation  applicable  k  cette  boisson. 

Art.  12.  La  pr^sente  loi  entrera  en  vigueur  dans  toute  la  R6pu- 
blique  six  jours  apr^s  sa  promulgation  dans  la  capitale. 

EXPOSITION   NATIONALE   DE   QXHTO. 

Le  31  octobre  M.  Alfaro,  President  de  la  R^publique  de  r£k)ua- 
teur,  a  promulgu6  un  d^cret  pour  organiser  sur  une  grande  ^chelle,  k 
Quito,  une  exposition  nationale  dont  Tinauguration  aura  lieu  le  10 
aodt  1909,  jour  du  centenaire  du  premier  mouvement  r^volutionnaire 
de  TAmerique  du  Sud.  Cette  revolution  s'appelle  en  espagnol  ''EH 
grito  de  indepondoncia,"  ce  qui  veut  dire  *^Appel  du  peuple  du  10 
aoftt  1809  pour  Tindependance."  L'exposition  est  en  commemora- 
tion de  cet  evenement.  Dans  cc  decret  il  est  dit  que  Ton  construira 
sur  des  terrains  publics,  pres  de  la  capitale,  un  grand  b&timent  ou 
pavilion  national,  ainsi  qu\in  certain  nombre  de  constructions  moins 
importantes  pour  IVxposition.  Le  conseil  municipal  de  la  \nlle  de 
Quito  fera  faire  un  magnifique  esplanade  conduisant  ii  Texposition. 
Les  travaux  pr^liminaires  d' organisation  et  d'installation  seront  sous 
la  direction  d'un  comite  central  ayant  son  siege  h  Quito.  Ce  comitfi 
sera  compose  de  trente  jnembres  choisis  k  cet  effet  par  le  gouveme- 
ment  et  h.  son  tour  ce  comite  choisira  panni  ses  membres  un  conseil 
d'administration.  Y>o  plus,  chacune  des  provinces  de  la  Republique, 
par  Tentremise  du  gouvemement,  constituera  un  comite  local  qui 
relevera  du  comite  centrai. 

Tout  en  rappelant  les  faits  historiques  dont  nous  venons  de  parler, 
Texposition  montnTa  les  produits  du  commerce,  de  Tindustrie,  des 
arts  de  TEcjuateur,  ainsi  que  sa  situation  fmancidre.  H  y  aura  aussi 
une  section  speciale  pour  montrer  le  systfme  scolaire  des  ecoles  du 
pays. 

La  section  consacree  aux  forets  et  produits  forestiers  sera  sans 
doute  la  plus  importante  de  Texposition.  On  y  verra  les  bois  indi- 
genes, surtout  les  nombreuses  especes  d'arbres  a  caoutchouc ;  la  methode 
d'extraction  du  caoutchouc  et  la  maniere  de  le  preparer  pour  le 
marche.  On  fera  voir  comment  on  cultive  les  arbres  k  caoutchouc, 
cette  culture  etant  I'objet  d'une  attention  toute  sp6ciale  dans  le  pays. 
On  exposera  des  bois  de  teintures,  des  ecorces,  des  arbres  et  d*autrps 
plantes  aj'ant  des  proprietes  agricoles,  ainsi  que  les  arbres  qui  four- 
nissent  le  bois  de  ccmst ruction. 


EtATS-UNIS.  241 

Dans  certaines  parties  de  rexpositioii,  on  fera  voir  les  difT^rentes 
cultures  du  pays,  telles  que  la  culture  des  grains,  des  plantes  textiles, 
et  des  fruits.  On  veira  aussi  la  fabrication  du  sucre,  des  spiritueux 
et  du  vin. 

On  apportera  tous  les  soins  pour  mettre  sous  les  yeux  des  visiteurs 
les  diff6rentes  mfithodes  employees  dans  Tindustric  de  la  soie,  afin 
dVncourager  la  culture  du  ver  k  soie  sur  une  plus  ^ande  6chelle  dans 
rfiquateur.  Dans  ce  but  on  fera  venir  de  Chine,  du  Japon,  de  I'lnde, 
de  Madagascar,  de  France,  d'ltalie,  d'Espagne,  de  Ilongrie  et  des 
fitats-Unis  des  6chantillons  pour  les  exposer. 

L'61evage  des  bestiaux,  qui  est  une  des  industries  les  plus  importantes 
de  rfiquateur  et  de  beaucoup  d'autres  R6publiques  sud-am6ricaines, 
sera  Tobjet  d'une  attention  toute  sp^ciale.  On  s'occupera  aussi  d'une 
mani^re  toute  particuliSre  des  progres  que  Ton  a  faits  dans  la  repro- 
duction des  bestiaux  de  pure  race  et  de  T amelioration  des  animaux 
indigenes. 

II  y  aura  une  section  pour  les  p^cheries,  une  autre  pour  les  mines  et 
une  autre  pour  les  chemins  de  fer. 

Le  Gouvemement  de  I'Cquateur  offre  un  prix  de  10,000  sucres  pour 
la  meilleure  -composition  litt6raire  sur  des  sujets  patriotiques  et 
historiques. 

Bien  que  Texposition  soit  nationale,  on  invite  cordialement  les 
pays  strangers  k  y  participer,  et  on  fera  des  arrangements  pour  leur 
donner  Tespace  nficessaire,  ainsi  que  pour  la  manipulation  et  le 
remisage  des  produits  Strangers. 


fiTATS-UNIS. 

OOMMEBCE  AVBC  L'AM^BIQUE  LATINE. 
IMPORTATIONS    ET    KXFOHTATIOXS. 

On  trouvera  k  la  page  101  le  dernier  rapport  du  commerce  entre  les 
Etats-Unis  et  rAm6rique  Latinc,  extrait  de  la  compilation  faitc  par  le 
Bureau  des  Statistiques  du  Ministere  du  Ci)mmerce  et  du  Travail.  I^e 
rapport  a  trait  au  mois  de  novemhro  1907,  et  donne  un  tableau  com- 
paratif  de  ce  mois  avec  le  mois  correspondant  de  Tann^e  1906.  11 
donne  aussi  un  tableau  des  onzc  moLs  linissant  au  mois  de  novembre 
1907,  en  ies  comparant  avec  la  p^riode  correspond  ante  de  rann6e 
pr6c^dente.  On  sait  que  les  cliiffres  des  differents  bureaux  de  douane 
montrant  les  importations  et  les  exportations  pour  un  mois  quelcon- 
que  ne  sent  re^ois  au  Ministire  des  Finances  que  le  20  du  mois  suivant, 
et  qu'il  faut  un  certain  temps  pour  les  compiler  et  les  faire  imprimer, 
de  sorte  ijpie  les  rfisultats  pour  le  mois  de  novembre  ne  pouvent  6tre 
public  avant  le  mois  de  Janvier. 


242     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

GUATEMALA. 

CONDITIONS  ^CONOMiaUES. 

Dans  une  brochure  tr^s  int^ressante,  publi6e  par  Seflor  VfcroR 
Aguilar  Pelaez,  consul  du  Guatemala  k  Liverpool  et  k  Manchester, 
on  trouve  les  renseignements  suivants  au  sujet  des  ressources  et  des 
conditions  6conomiques  actuelles  qui  existent  dans  le  pays. 

Les  importations,  dont  la  valeur  s'est  ^lev6e  k  $7,220,759  or  pour 
Tannee  1906,  se  composent  de  presque  toutes  especes  d'articles  manu- 
factures et  de  machineries;  lainages,  colonnades,  soieries,  lingerie, 
chapellerie,  comestibles,  vins  et  liqueurs,  conserves,  porcelaines, 
faience,  verrerie,  ferronnerie,  mercerie,  pianos,  voitures,  billards, 
instruments  de  musique,  tableaux,  vemis,  medicaments  parfumerie, 
bijouterie,  pierres  pr^cieuses,  articles  de  fantaisie,  etc.  Voici,  par 
ordre  (Vimportance,  les  pays  d'oil  provienncnt  les  articles  nomni^s 
ci-dessus:  £tats-Unis,  Allemagne,  Angleterre,  France,  Italic,  Espagne, 
Belgique,  Suisse,  Autriche,  Hollande,  Japon,  Chine,  ilexique,  P6rou, 
Chili  et  autres  republiquos  de  rAm6rique  Centrale. 

Les  exportations,  dont  la  valeur  s'est  clev6e  k  $7,136.27  or  pour 
Tann^e  1906,  sc  composent  principalement  des  articles  suivants: 
Cafe,  Sucre,  bananes,  bois,  cuirs,  caoutchouc,  plantes  m^dicinales; 
fruits,  etc.  Le  principal  article  d'exportation  est  le  caf6,  dont  on  a 
expedie  environ  50,000  tonnes,  et  il  est  consider^  comme  article  de 
premic^re  qualite  sur  les  marches  du  monde  entier.  Voici  les  prinei- 
paux  paj's  auxquels  le  Guatemala  exporte  les  articles  mentionn^s 
ci-dessus:  fitats-Unis,  Allemagne,  Angleterre,  France,  Italie,  Au- 
triche-IIongrie,  Esi)agne,  Belgique  et  Chili. 

Le  commerce  exterieur  se  d^veloppe,  et  on  compt«  que  Tinaugu- 
ration  du  Chemin  de  Fer  Interoceanique — de  San  Jos6  sur  le  Pacifi- 
que  a  Puerto  Barrios  sur  I'Atlantique,  points  qui  sont  k  269  milles  de 
distance  run  de  T autre-  facilitera  grandement  le  transport  des  pro- 
duits  indigenes  aux  ports  d'embarquement. 

Voici  les  noms  des  chemins  de  fer  qui  sont  actuellement  en  exploita- 
tion: Le  Central,  TOuest,  TOcos,  le  Verapaz  et  le  Guatemala,  et 
rinauguration  de  celui  du  Nord  a  ild  avoir  lieu  au  mois  de  d^eembre 
1907. 

Les  procUiits  du  Guatemala  sont  tres  abondants  et  tres  vari^. 
Dans  le  regne  v6g6tal  on  trouve  toutes  sortes  de  plantes,  de  fleurs  et 
de  fruits  appartenant  aux  zones  torrides  et  temp^r^es.  II  y  a  dans 
le  pays  de  riches  mines  d'or,  d'argent,  de  cuivre,  de  fer,  de  plomb,  de 
zinc,  d'antimoine,  de  charbon,  de  marbre,  de  soufre,  de  mica,  etc. 

Toutefois,  c'est  1' agriculture  qui  constitue  la  principale  riehesse  et 
c'est  k  son  exploitation  que  Fern  consacre  la  plus  grande  partie  des 
placements  de  capitaux.     Par  suite  de  la  riehesse  extraordinaire  du 


GUATEMALA.  243 

sol  on  ne  se  sert  pas  d'engrais,  et  rirrigation  ii'est  pas  n^cessairc  ^ 
cause  de  la  grande  humidit6  qui  r&gne  m^me  pendant  la  saison  des 
s^heresses. 

Dans  quelques  endroits  sur  la  c6te  on  peut  obtenir  deux  ou  trois 
r^coltes  par  an.  On  trouve  de  grandes  plantations  de  caf6,  de 
canne  k  sucre,  de  cacao,  de  bananes,  de  c6r6ales,  etc.,  et  dans  les 
D6partements  du  nord,  un  grand  nombre  de  compagnies  indigenes 
et  6trangSres  se  livrent  k  Texploitation  des  for^ts  cjui  renferment  des 
quantit^s  de  bois  pr6cieux,  parmi  lesquels  on  remarque  Tacajou  et 
le  c^dre.     On  poursuit  avec  succfes  le  plantage  du  caoutcliouc. 

Divers  articles  manufactures  ont  atteint  un  degr6  de  perfection 
trts  sensible.  Certains  tissus  de  laine  et  de  coton,  des  meubles  et 
des  chaussures  de  fabrique  indigene  sont  d'aussi  bonne  quality  que 
les  articles  imports.  Voici  d'autres  produits  de  manufacture 
indigene:  Chapeaux,  selles,  articles  en  fibre,  textiles  de  roseaux, 
articles  de  poterie,  sculpture,  instruments  de  music[ue,  savons, 
bougies,  cigares,  cigarettes,  fromage,  beurre,  biSre,  eaux  min^rales, 
glace,  eau-de-vie,  etc.  I^s  ouvriers  indigenes  montrent  beaucoup  de 
dispositions  h,  apprendre  de  nouveux  metiers  et  les  mati^res  j^remiSres 
sont  varices  et  excellentes. 

I^a  superficie  du  pays  est  de  125,000  kilometres  carr6s  et  la  popu- 
lation s'61feve  k  2,000,000  d'habitants,  la  densite  etant  de  16  par 
kilometre  carr6. 

L' aspect  physique  du  *  Guatemala  est  montagneux,  mais  l)ien 
arros^.  Le  climat  varie  d'aprSs  T  altitude  au-dessus  du  niveau  <le  la 
mer;  sur  les  c6tes  il  fait  tres  chaud;  sur  les  plateaux  du  centre  lo 
climat  est  temp6r6  et  agr6able,  et  sur  les  hauteurs  il  fait  froid. 
Pendant  la  saison  des  pluies  il  pleut  tons  los  jours  et  pendant  la 
saison  sfiche  il  pleut  de  temps  en  temps. 

Les  parties  du  pays  les  plus  peupl^es  sont  le  sud  et  Touest.  La 
capitale  du  pays,  Guatemala,  a  une  population  de  100,000  habitants. 
Elle  est  relive  par  voie  ferr^e  k  San  Jos6  sur  le  Pacifiquo  et  k  Puerto 
Barrios  sur  TAtlantique.  De  Guatemala  k  San  Jos6,  il  y  a  une  dis- 
tance de  74.5  milles  que  Ton  peut  faire  en  cinq  heures,  et  de  Guate- 
mala k  Puerto  Barrios  il  y  a  ime  distance  de  194.5  milles  que  Ton 
peut  faire  en  douze  heures. 

If  faut  quatre  jours  pour  faire  le  voyage  du  Guatemala  aux  Iiltats- 
Unis  en  partant  des  ports  de  TAtlantique  et  quinze  jours  pour  aller 
en  Europe.  La  c6te  du  Pacifique  s'^tend  siu*  une  longeur  dc  250 
kilometres  et  celle  de  FAtlantique  sur  une  longeur  de  161  kilometres. 
Les  ports  du  Pacifique  sont  San  Jos6,  Champ^rico  et  Ocos,  et  ceux  de 
FAtlantique  sont  Puerto  Barrios,  Santo  Tomds  et  Jjivingston. 
Panz6s  sur  le  rio  Polochic  et  Gualdn  sur  le  rio  Motagua  sont  des 
ports  fluviaux;  Lsabel,  siu*  le  lac  du  m^me  nom,  est  aussi  un  endroit 
important. 


244     BUREAU  INTERXATIOXAL  DES  REPUBLTQUES  AMERICAINES. 

MEXIQUE. 

RECETTES  POSTALES,   1006-7. 

D'apres  des  statistiques  publides  demi^rement  par  rAdministra- 
tion  des  Postes  du  Mexique,  les  recettes  proA^enant  du  service  des 
ports  pendant  Tannic  fiscale  finissant  Ic  30  jiiin  1907,  se  sont  ^lev^es 
k  4,031,124.86  piastres  ($2,015,562.43),  contre  3,653,315.87  piastres 
($1,826,657.93)  en  1905-6,  soit  une  au?:mentation  de  377,808.99 
piastres,  ($138,904.49)  ou  10.34  iH)ur  cent. 

RECETTES    POSTAZiES  PEKBANT    LE    PBEMIEB    TBIMESTBE    DE 

L'ANN^E  1007-8. 

Les  recettes  post  ales  du  Mexique  pendant  le  premiea:  trimestre  de 
Tann^  fiscale  1907-8  (juillet-septembro  1907)  se  sont  ^lev^es  k  1,043,- 
065.88  piastres  ($521,532.94),  contre  939,837.20 piastres  ($469,918.60), 
soit  une  augmentation  de  103,228.68  piastres  ($51,614.34),  ou  10.98 
pour  cent. 

ATTGMENTATION  DES  DROITS  D  IMPORTATION  STJK  LE  SUCRE. 

Le  21  d^cenibre  1907,  le  President  de  la  R^publique  du  Mexique  a 
promulgu6  une  loi  dejk  pass6e  au  Congr^s  National  moilifiant  le  para- 
graphe  125  du  tarif  douanier  en  vigueur  afin  d'augmenter  les  droits 
d'importation  de  2  piastres  50  ($1.25)  par  100  kilogrammes,  poids 
brut,  sur  le  sucre  ordinaire,  le  sucre  candi  et  le  sucre  raffing  de  toutes 
sortes.     Cette  loi  entrera  en  vigueur  le  15  f^vrier  1908  h.  minuit. 

CGKniEBCE  DE  PBOGBESO,  TXTCATAN,  PENDAXTT  LE  PBEMIXB 
TRIMESTRE  DE  L'ANN^E   1007-8. 

Pendant  les  trois  premiers  mois  de  Tannic  fiscale  1907-8,  on  a 
export^  du  port  de  Progreso,  Yucatan,  25,937,342  kilogrammes  de 
henequen,  d'une  valeur  de  6,323,765  piastres  ($3,161,882.50).  Pen- 
dant le  mfenie  trimestre  la  valour  des  marcliandises  indigenes  entr^s 
par  CO  port  s*cst  61ev6c  a  3,727,500  piastres  ($1,863,750)  et  les  impor- 
tations dc  marcliandises  se  sont  elev^s  k  2,320,773  piastres 
($1,160,386.50). 

MINES  DE  CTTIVRE. 

D'aprfe  des  statisticjues  publiees  derni^rement  par  le  Depart e- 
ment  de  Fomento  du  Mexique,  il  y  a  i)lus  de  1,000  mines  en  exploita- 
tion; ce  sont  les  mines  de  cuivre  <{ui  dominent.  Sur  ce  nombre.  il 
y  en  a  302  dans  TEtat  de  Jalisco,  234  dans  celui  de  Sonora,  96  dans 
celui  de  Micboncan,  65  dans  celui  de  la  Basse-Calif omie,  53  dans 
celui  de  Cbiluiahua  et  51  dans  celui  de  Durango. 

Les  mines  de  Jalisco  bien  que  plus  nombreuses  s<mt  comparative- 
ment  petit es,  et  la  production  en  est  de  peu  d*importance;  tandis 
que  rEtat  de  Sonora,  dans  lequel  se  trouvent  les  mines  de  Canaoea, 


PANAMA.  245 

tient  le  premier  rang  pour  le  tonnage;  vient  ensiiite  I'Etat  de  la 
Basse-Calif ornie.  Dans  eette  region  les  fonderies  de  la  conipi^gnie 
Boleo,  qui  envoie  toute  sa  production  en  Europe,  travaillent  par 
mois  environ  25,000  tonnes  de  niinerai,  produisant  environ  2,000 
tonnes  de  cuivre. 

MOBIFICATIOKS  DOUANTllBES. 

["  Diario  Oflcial"  du  19  novembrc  1906.] 

Les  effets  de  la  prfeente  loi  pourront  ^tre  suspendus  en  tout 
temps  par  d6cret  du  Pouvoir  Ex6cutif. 

Akticle  V.  II.  Les  droits  d'exportation  sur  les  bois  indigenes 
de  teinture,  de  construction  et  d'6b6nistcrie,  ainsi  que  sur  le  transit 
des  bois  Strangers  des  monies  especes,  seront  per^us  conform^ment 
aux  lois  du  12  d*cemT)re  1893  et  du  3  dScembre  1904,  ainsi  qu'aux 
autres  dispositions  en  vigueur.  Cependant,  les  taux  des  droits  appli- 
cables  aux  bois  de  teinture  en  vertu  de  T article  8  de  la  premidre  des 
lois  susmentionnSes  seront  modifies  comme  suit : 

Bois  de  teinture  ou  do  camp6ch(' tonne  do  1 ,000  kilos. .  $0. 50 

Bois  de  mdrior id 25 

Dans  le  cas-  oh  il  serait  niat^riellement  impossible  de  constal  er  le 
poids  du  bois,  le  rapport  entre  la  tonne  de  jauge  de^  navires  et  le 
poids  du  bois  de  teinture  ou  de  campfichc  embarquS  sera  celui  c^ui, 
conformSnient  aux  dispositions  administratives  en  vigueur,  se  *t  de 
base  pour  Ic  calcul  en  douane. 

III.  Droits  d*exportation  sur  les  produits  naturels  suivants: 

A.  Racine  do  zacaton 100  kilos  bruts. .  ^0. 60 

B.  Gomme  sapote  (chicle) kilo  not. .       .  02 

r.  Gimyule  en  herbe,  h  I'^tat  naturol  ou  hToy6 tonne  do  1 .000  kilos  bnits.  15. 00 

IV.  Droits  d^exportation  sur  les  produits  agricoles  suivants: 

A.  Agave  brute KK)  kilos  nots . .  $0. 50 

B .  Istle  brut id 50 

C.  Cuire  et  peaux  non  tann^s: 

Peaux  de  cerf  et  de  chovrt»au 100  kilos  bnits . .     2. 25 

Feaux  de  b6tail  ou  autres id 75 


PANAMA. 

KODIFICATIONS    DOUANIJ^RES. 

[••  GacPta  Oflcial "  du  24  octoJ.re  1900.] 

Article  1**.  Un  iinpot  de  2  J  halboas  i)ar  50  kilogranunes  sera 
perpu  k  I'entr^e  dans  la  Republique  de  tout  produit  sucr^  ou  substance 
importfis  sous  le  nom  de  sucre  nioscouade,  de  vesou  ou  sous  toutt* 
Autre  dfoomination^et  susceptible  d'etre  employes  k  la  distillation 
de  Teau-dc-vie. 


246     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUE3  AMERICAINES. 

Art.  2.  Le  Pouvoir  Ex^cutif  est  autorisS  k  diminuer,  en  cas  de 
n^cessit^,  mais  de  50  centimes  de  halhoa  seulement,  le  droit  applicar 
ble  en  vertu  de  la  pr^sente  loi  k  F  importation  des  produits  susmen- 
tionn^s. 

["  Gaceta  Oficial "  du  24  octobre  1906.] 

Est  absolument  prohib^e  Texportation  de  toute  espdce  de  mon- 
naie  divisionnaire  d' argent  nationale.  Quiconque  aura  contrevenu 
k  la  pr^sentc  disposition  encourra  les  p^nalit^s  ^tablies  par  les  lois 
en  vigueur  sur  la  matiere. 

Loi  No.  88  de  1904,  relative  au  regime  fiscal**  et  abrogeant  certaines 
dispositions  de  la  loi  No.  72  de  la  m6me  ann6e. 

["  Gacota  Oflcial  "  du  27  Janvier  1907.] 

Article  l***".  Les  marchandises  ci-apres  d6nomm6es,  dent  Tiin- 
portation  dans  la  R^publique  est  frappfie  d'impdts  sp6ciaux,  acquit- 
teront: 

1°.  Opium,  8  lalhoas  par  kilogramme. 

Cet  imp6t  pourra  faire  Tobjet  d'une  adjudication  pour  des  p^riodes 
ne  dfipassant  pas  quatre  ann6es: 

2^.  Tabac  brut  ou  press6  en  tablettes  pour  6tre  fabriqu6,  ainsi  que 
tabac  k  fumer  ou  a  macher,  50  centimes  de  halhoa  par  kilograinme. 

3°.  Tabac  fabriqu6  en  cigares,  tabac  coup6  ou  hach6,  1  halhoa  et 
50  centimes  de  halhoa  par  kilogramme. 

4°.  Cigarettes,  1  halhoa  par  kilogramme. 

Le  Pouvoir  Ex6cutif  est  autoris6,  s*il  le  juge  convenable,  k  rem- 
placer  le  mode  actuel  de  perception  des  imp6ts  sur  le  tabac  fabriqu6 
en  cigares,  le  tabac  coup6  ou  hach6  et  les  cigarettes  au  moyen  de 
bandes  ou  timbres  de  la  valeur  correspondante  k  appliquer  sur  les 
caisses,  paquets  ou  bottos. 

L'impot  k  percevoir  sur  le  tabac,  les  cigares  et  les  cigarettes  s'ap- 
pliciue  k  la  marchandise  telle  qu'elle  est  pr6sent6e  pour  la  vente  et  non 
pas  k  son  emballage  ext^rieur. 

Art.  2.  La  bijouterie  do  toute  sorte;  les  perles  et  les  pierres  pr6- 
cieuses ;  les  articles  manufacture  en  or,  argent,  platine  et  cristal ;  les 
objets  d^ornament  en  bronze  et  les  articles  argontfe,  tels  que  vaissellc, 
etc.;  los  soiorios  do  toute  espdce;  les  porcelaines  fines,  telles  que  la 
porcelaine  de  Sevres,  de  Drosde,  do  la  Chine,  du  Japon,  etc.;  la  par- 

aLa  loi  No.  88  du  5  juillet  1904,  reproduite  en  teti*  du  fasciculo  170,  a^t^  modifi^ 
par  le  d^'oret  No.  73  du  6  d{?cembrc  de  la  m^me  ann^e  ("Gaceta  Oficiar'  du  10 d^*embre 
1904).  En  vertu  de  I'article  1*'  dudit  d^cret,  et  a  partir  du  10  d^<'embre,  Timpdt  com- 
mercial de  15  pour  cent,  dont  il  est  question  au  deuxieme  alin^a  de  Tarlicle  3  de  la  loi 
No.  88  suamentionn6e,  est  remplac6  par  un  impot  de  10  pour  cent,  et  Ic  droit  applicable 
k  Tcxportation  dc  la  monnaic  d*or,  aux  termes  de  Tartii^le  02  de  ladite  loi,  est  abrog^. 

Conform^ment  li  I'article  2  du  indmc  d^cret,  il  ne  F<*ra  i>er9u  que  60  pour  CM»nt  des 
droits  consulaires  (ftablis  dans  les  tarifs  en  vigueur  \y\\\x  Texp^ition  des  navireset  la 
dC'livrancc  des  documents  relatifs  aux  importations  dans  1(*8  ports  de  la  R^publique. 


PANAMA.  247' 

'fuinerie  et  les  savons  de  toilette  acquitteront  15  pour  cent  de  leur 
valeur  d'apr&s  facture. 

Les  dispositions  du  present  article  ne  seront  applicables  qu'apres  - 
que  le  Pouvoir  Ex6cutif  aura  proc6d6  aux  n^gociations  n^cessaires  k  - 
la  sauvegarde  des  int6r6ts  fiscaux  de  la  R^publique. 

Art.  3.  Le  Pouvoir  Ex^cutif  est  autoris6  h  frapper  Timportation^ 
des  sucres  blancs  raffin6s  et  centrifuges  d'un  droit  de  2  centimes  de 
halboa  par  kilogramme,  k  partir  du  jour  oil  des  usines  produisant 
un  total  annuel  d'au  moins  2,500,000  kilogrammes  seront  mises  en 
activity. 

•  Art.  5.  L'impdt  vis6  k  Talinfia  1^  de  I'article  3,  du  titre  I  de  la 
loi  No.  88  de  1904,  s'applique  aussi  bien  au  b^tail  siu*  pied  qu'aux 
animaux  abattus. 

II  est  entendu  que  quatre  quarts  repr&entent  une  t^te  de  b^tail,  et  la 
fraction  de  Timpdt  sera  applicable  k  chaque  quart.  Si  Tanimal  est 
imports  d6pec6  en  morceaux  de  moins  d'un  quart,  400  livres  equi- 
vaudront  k  un  animal  entier,  et  la  taxe  sera  perdue  in  proportion. 

Art.  6.  Le  droit  sur  le  caf^,  rang^  sous  Talin^a  4  de  Particle  3  du 
lilre  I  de  la  loi  susindiqu^e,  s'appliquera  6galement  au  caf6  moulu. 

Art.  7.  Est  exempte  de  droits  I'importation  des  livres  imprimfe; 
de  toute  sorte. 

Art.  8.  Dans  le  cas  oil  cela  serait  jug6  avantageux  pour  le  Tr^sor,. 
la  distillation  des  liqueurs  pourra  faire  Tobjet  d'un  monopole. 

A  Toccasion  de  cette  adjudication,  on  se  conformera  aux  r^les* 
£tablies  par  le  paragraphe  I*'  de  Tarticle  2  de  la  loi  No.  19  de  1904. 

Art.  9.  L'alcool  m^thylique  ne  pourra  pas  etre  employ^  dans  la- 
irtiiiufctiuii  des  boissons  spiritueuses.  Le  Pouvoir  Executif  adoptera 
Ite  iliiuiUMu  ^rfeessaires  pour  qu'^  son  importation,  Taloool  m6thy- 
Ixqtie  Mit  Tendu  impropre  k  cet  usage. 

Art.  10.  Tout  n^gociant  qui,  k  trois  reprises  diff6rentes,  aura  6t6 
d^clar^  responsable  d'importation  clandestine  de  marchandises  ou 
de  declarations  fausees  pr^judiciablea  au  Tr^sor,  sera  condamn6  aux 
p£nalit63  p^cuniaires  Stabiles  par  la  loi  88  de  1904,  et  il  sera,  en 
eutre,  atordit  au  d^linquant  d'exercer  le  commerce|  pendant  une 
p^ode  dejBX  jnois. 

Art.  11.  Dbbs  les  cas  vis6s  par  Tarticle  10  de  Tordonnance  No.  30' 
de  1904,  le  contrevenant  pourra  6tre  condamn6  k  faire  abandon  k 
I'Etat,  au  prix  de  revient,  des  marchandises  d6clar6es  au-dessous  de- 

leor  valeiir  r^elle. 

«♦♦♦♦*♦ 

Art.  13.  Sont  abrogfe  I'article  1^  de  la  loi  No.  72  de  1904,  ainsi 
que  les  autres  dispositions  de  ladite  loi  qui  en  d^rivent. 

Abt.  14.  Sont  ainsi  complfit^es  et  modifi^es  les  dispositions  l^gis- 
tatiTes  contraires  k  la  pr^sente  loi. 
24181—Bu]l.  1—08 17 


248     BUREAU  IyTER^^ATIO^'AL  DES  RKPUBLIQUES  AMEBICAI2vES, 

PfiROU. 

SERVICE  MARITIME  ENTRE  NEW- YORK  ST  CAIXAO. 

Avoc  rinauguration  du  nouveau  service  maritime  entre  New- York 
et  Callao  par  la  Compagnie  Nationale  de  Vapeurs  et  de  Docks  Flot- 
tants  (Compafiia  Xacional  de  A'apores  y  Diques  del  Callao),  via 
Panama,  les  relations  commerciales  des  deiix  pays  auront  fait  un 
grand  pas.  On  espere  que  cette  compagnie  sera  en  mesure  d'ouvrir 
mi  service  r^gulier  au  commencement  de  Tannic  1908;  elle  poss^de  un 
capital  de  $15,000,000  et  doit  recevoir  un  subside  de  $1,500,000  du 
Gouvcrnement  p^ruvien.  On  construit  actuellement  en  Angleterre* 
pour  cette  ligne  des  vapeurs  k  grande  vitesse,  et  on  compte  faire  le 
trajet  de  Panama  a  Callao  eu  cinq  jours  au  lieu  de  douze  jours  conune 
cela  se  fait  en  ce  moment. 

Callao  est  le  plus  grand  port  du  Pacifique  entre  San-Francisco  et 
Valparaiso,  et  son  commerce  recevra  ime  nouvelle  impulsion  par 
suite  de  la  facility  offerte  par  cette  nouvelle  ligne  dans  roxpMition 
des  marchandises  entre  ce  port  et  les  ports  d'Euroi>e  et  des  Etats- 
Unis. 

SALVADOR; 

MOI>IFIGATIONS    DOUANI^RBS. 

[**  Diario  Ofloial  "  du  9  novombro  1906.] 

iVRT.  VI.  Les  marchandises  et  articles  de  commerce  de  toute  sorte 
de  production  du  sol  ou  de  Tindustrie  des  deux  l^tats  contractants 
ou  de  tout  autre  pays,  dont  Timportation  est  autoris6e  par  les  lois, 
pourront  egalement  dtre  importes  par  navires  italiens  ou  salva^ 
doriens  sans  acc^uitter  d'auires  droits  ou  des  droits  plus  ^levfe 
que  ceux  prelevcs  sur  les  navires  de  la  nation  jouissant  du  traite- 
ment  le  plus  favorise. 

Cc  regime  reciproque  d'egalite  sera  indistinctement  appliqu£  aux 
marchandises  et  articles  arrivant  direct ement  des  ports  des  l^tats 
contractants  ou  de  toute  autre  localite,  et  sur  les  navires  d*uno 
autre  nationalite,  pourvu  qu'en  pareil  cas  des  documents  6tablissant 
la  provenance  soient  present  es. 

Le  meme  regime  de  r{?ciprocite  sera  observ6  h.  rexportation  et 
dans  le  transit,  sans  egard  a  la  ]>rovenance  ou  a  la  destination,  de 
mt^me  pour  ce  (jui  concerne  les  franchises,  les  remises  et  les  rem- 
bours(»ments  des  droits  que  la  legislation  des  deux  pays  aurait  etabli 
ou  etabhrait. 

En  outre,  il  ne  sera  per^u  en  Italic,  a  I'importaiion  ou  &  Texporta- 

tion  des  articles  provenant  du  sol  ou  de  I'industrie  du  Salvador,  et 

rospoctivonwnt  dans  le  Salvador,  a  Timyortation  ou  &  rexportation 


SALVADOR.  849 

des  articles  provenant  du  sol  ou  de  Tindustrie  de  Tltalie,  des  droits 
plus  61ev&  que  ceux  applicables  aux  mfeme  articles  provenant  du  sol 
ou  de  rindustrie  des  paya  les  plus  favorisfis. 

II  est  ^aleinent  entendu  que  les  droits  du  tarif  douanier  du  Salva- 
dor, ad  valorem  ou  sp^cifiques,  et,  respectivement,  les  droits  du  tarif 
douanier  it  alien,  ne  pourront  en  aucun  cas  ct  sous  aucun  pr^toxtc, 
pour  ce  qui  concerne  les  marchandises  et  produits  italiens  et,  respec- 
tivement, pour  les  marchandises  et  produits  du  Salvador,  ^tre  plus 
61ev6s  que  ceux  qui  frappent  ou  frapperaient  les  marchandises  et  pro- 
duits similaires  de  la  nation  la  plus  favoris6e,  et  seront  consid6r6s 
comme  tels  les  droits  additionnels  de  I'fitat  ou  des  mimicipalit6s, 
ou  de  toute  autre  sorte. 

Les  dispositions  du  prfeent  article  ne  s'appliquent  pas  au  regime 
de  faveur  que  te  Salvador  a  reserve  ou  rfeerverait  Jl  d*autres  fitats  du 
Cent  re- Am^rique . 

[••Diario  Oftciiir*  du  22  06ccm]»ro  190C.] 

Quelques  doutes  s'^tant  61ev6cs  sur  rinter[)r6tation  que  comporte 
Tordonnance  du  10  octobre  dernier,  exemptant  de  tous  droits  et 
impots  rimportation  des  macliines  industrielles,  y  compris  leurs  pikjcs 
de  rechange  et  accessoires,  doutes  r6sultant  de  ce  qu'aucune  d6rogation 
ni  modification  n'a  6te  apport6e  k  Tarticle  592  du  tarif  aux  temies 
duquel  les  accessoires  de  machines  ou  d'appareils  quelconquos  ne 
b^neficient  de  la  franchise  que  jusqu'k  concurrence  de  la  quantilc 
jug^e  n6cessaire  pour  la  mise  en  marche  de  ces  machines  et  appareils, 
et  que  s'ils  sont  introduitsdans  la  suite  ou  importes  en  trop,  ils  doivent 
suivre  le  regime  qui  leur  est  assign^  dans  le  tarif,  le  Pouvoir  Ex6cutif , 
en  Anie  de  pr6ciser  le  sens  de  la  dispositi<m  susmentionn6e,  a  6dict/5  la 
prfeente  ordonnance  compl6mentaire : 

1**.  L'article  592  du  tarif  est  maintenu  en  vigueur  et  n'est  applicable 
qii'aux  accessoires  de  machines: 

2^.  Les  pidces  de  rechange  de  macliines  qui  sont  des  parties  int6- 
grantes  de  machines,  telles  que  grilles  pour  chaudidres,  coussinets, 
poulies,  roues  dentees,  arbres  de  transmission,  manometres,  injecteurs, 
chaudieres,  ainsi  que  toutes  autres  pieces  de  m^me  esp^ce,  soront 
toujours  exemptes,  qu'elles  soient  introduites  en  jncme  temps  que  la 
machine  principale  ou  dans  la  suite,  separ6irient ; 

.*i®.  r^^s  accessoires,  c'est-a-dire  les  matoriaux  et  objets  (jiii  no 
ff>nt  pas  partie  int^grante  des  machines,  tels  (^ue  Ixuirrages  en  caout- 
chouc, en  amiante  et  en  cuir,  courroies  do  touto  ospeco,  burettes  k 
huile,  huile  pour  machines,  ordinaire  ou  impure,  otoupe  ])our  n(»ttoyer, 
terre  et  briques  refract  aires,  tuyaux  en  vorro  ])our  niveau  x  de  chau- 
dieres, soupapes  et  autres  objots  similaires,  sont  soumis  aux  dis- 
positions de  Tarticle  592  du  tarif  pour  co  ([ui  conoorno  los  droits,  les 
delais  et  les  quantit^s  stipul6s  pour  lour  importation; 


250     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

4''.  Tous  les  oiitils  pour  artisans,  les  tuyaux  en  g^n^ral  et  les 
nianches  de  toute  espece  ne  pourront  en  aucun  cas  fetre  consid^r^s 
comnie  pieces  de  rechange  ou  accessoires  de  macliines. 

La  prfeente  ordonnance  entrera  en  vigiieur  le  jour  de  sa  publication. 

["Diario  Oficial"  dii  20  mars  1937.] 

Article  unique.  A  partir  du  l*'"^  avi-il  jn-ochain  les  impots  appli- 
cables  h.  Timportation  des  marchandises,  e'est-^-dire  les  8  pesos 
argent  par  100  kilogrammes,  dont  il  est  question  k  Tarticle  573  ilu 
tarif  en  vigueur,  sont  r^duits  k  3.60  pesos  en  or  amSricain  et  per^us 
en  monnaie  courante  ou  en  traites  n^gociables  k  vue  sur  les  Etats- 
Unis. 

[••Diario  Oficial"  du  27  mars  1907.] 

Article  unique.  A  partii^  du  1''^  avril  prochain  22  pour  cent  ile  la 
partie  des  droits  d'importation  actuellement  per9us  en  argent  seront 
r^duits  k  10  pour  cent  en  or  am^ricain  et  pr61ev^s  en  monnaie  courante 
ou  en  traites  negociables  a  vue  sur  les  Etats-Unis. 

l" Diario  Oficial"  dii  !7  juiii  10  7.] 

En  vertu  de  la  presente  ordonnance  est  prohib^e  Texportation 
des  gi-ainos  de  premiere  n^cessit6. 

["Diario  Oficial"  du  10  mai  !0:i7.] 

Les  marchandises  avarices  et  dont  les  commerfants  font  abandon 
au  moment  de  la  verification  seront  mises  k  la  disposition  des 
compagnies  d'assurance,  pourvu  qu'il  soit  ^tabli  qu'elles  ont  6t6 
assurees.  Les  compagnies  pourront  les  d^douaner  moyennant  paie- 
ment  integral  des  droits  et  imp6ts  pendant  les  huit  mois  de  magasinage 
que  la  loi  autorise  et  apres  lesquels  les  marchandises  appartiendront 
au  Tresor. 

[••Diario  Oficial"  du  17  luai  19.J7.] 

Article  premier.  Est  6tablie  une  surtaxe  de  1 J  centavos  par  quintal 
sur  les  marchandises  exportees  par  les  ports  de  la  Republique,  sauf 
Tor  et  I'argent  non  monnay^s  dont  I'importation  est  spdcialement 
soumise  k  un  droit  de  3  pour  cent  sur  la  valeur  intrins^que. 

[••Diario  Oficial"  du  8  juin  19J7.] 

La  couleur  en  poudro,  ordinaire  ou  fine,  sera  indistinctement  et  en 
regie  g6n6rale  soumise  au  droit  de  8  centavos,  Sont  ainsi  modifiies 
les  taxes  de  5  et  10  centavos  (jue  le  tarif  des  douanes  a  Stabiles  pour 
la  couleur  dont  il  s'agit. 

La  presente  ordonnance  entrera  en  viirueur  le  jour  de  sa  publication. 


ADDITIONS  TO  THE 

Columbus  Memorial  Library 

(International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics) 


JULY   to    DECEMBER 
1907 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIO. 

Argentine  Republic.  Direccion  General  de  Estadistica:  Anuario  .  .  .  oo- 
rrespondiente  al  ano  1905.  Tomo  2.  Buenos  Aires,  Compaflla  sudame- 
ricana  de  billetes  de  banco,  1908.     585  p.    4**. 

Same.     1906.    Tomo    1.     Buenos  Aires,  Compaiifa   sudamericana  de 

billetes  de  banco,  1907.     xi,  490  p.     4*^. 

LawSf  statutes,  etc.    Deuda  argentina.     Copilacion  de  leyes,  decretos,  resolu- 

ciones,  notas  y  contra tos  sobre  la  deuda  publica  nacional  por  Jos6  B.  Pena, 
tesorero  del  cr^dito  publico  nacional.  Buenos  Aires,  Imprenta  de  Juan  A. 
Alsina,  1907.     2  v.  (continuous  paging).     S°. 

Land  law.     Sanctioned  by  the  Argentine  Congress  and  promulgated  on 


the  8th  January,  1903.  Buenos  Aires,  Printing  establishment  of  the  Argen- 
tine meteorological  bureau,  1903.     15  p.     12°. 

Ley  de  aduana  y  decreto  reglamento.     Reorganizacion  de  la  inspecci6n 

de  aduanas  y  resguardos.  Buenos  Aires,  Tall,  de  la  Penitenciaria  nacional, 
1906.    86  p.     12**. 

(At  head  of  title:  "Ministerio  de liacienda.") 

.  .  .  Ley  de  arancel  consular.     Ley  No.  4712  de  29  de  septiembre  de 

1905  sobre  organizacion  del  cuerpo  consular  argentino  y  decreto  regla- 
mentario  de  la  miwna  de  25  de  enero  de  1906.  Buenos  Aires,  Tall.  tip.  de 
laPenitenciaria  nacional,  1906.     223  p.     plates.     8°. 

(At  head  ol  title:  '*  Departamcnto  de  Relaciones  exteriores  y  culto  .  .  .") 

Ley  de  inmigracion  y  reglamento  de  desembarco  de  inmigrantes.     Pu- 

blicaci6n  oficial.    Buenos  Aires,  Iinp.  y  enc.  ^Vrcuri  &  cia. ,  1907.    26  p.    12°. 
(At  head,  of  title:  "RajMAbUca  Ai^ntina,  Ministerio  de  agricultura.") 

Ley  die  patentes  de  invencion.     Decretos  que  la  reglamentan.     Formu- 

larioe  para  la  presentacion  de  solicitudes  y  clasificacion  de  las  patentes  de 
invencion  para  su  archivo.  Publicacion  oficial.  Buenos  Aires,  Tall,  de  la 
Oficina  meteorologica  argentina,  1907.     60  p.     12**. 

(.\t  head  of  title:  "Minisfferio  de  agrioultura,  division  de  patentes  y  marcas,  Repiiblica 
Argentina.") 

Ley  de  tierjas  de  8  de  enero  de  1903  y  decreto  reglanientario  de  8  de 

noviembre  de  1006.  Publicacion  oficial.  Buenos  Aires,  Imp.  y.  enc.  Aj*- 
curiycfc-,  1906.    32  p.     12*>. 

(At  head  of  title:  "Repiiblica  Argentioa,  Ministerio  de  agricultura.") 

Ley  No.  3975  sobre  marcas  de  fabrica,  comercio  y  agricultura  y  decreto 

reglani.en.tai:io  de  la  misma.  Buenos  Aires,  Imp.  Martin  Biedma  e  hijo, 
1900.    32  p.     12**. 

(-\t  head  of  UtAe:  "Ministerio  de  agricultura,  Hepiiblica  Argentina.") 

Ley  No.  4711  de  29  septiembre  de  1905,  sobre  organizacion  del 


cuerpo  diplomdtico  argentino  y  decreto  de  25  de  enero  de  1!)0G  reglamen- 
taiiio  dje  la  mi^ma.  Buenos  ^Vires,  Tall.  tip.  de  la  Penitenciaria  nacional, 
1906.    28  p.    plates.    8°. 

(At  head  of  title:  "  Departamento  de  Rela.Moues  exteriores  y  cullo"  .  .  .  ) 

Recopilacion  do  las  leyes  y  decretos   proniulgados  en  Buenos  Aires, 

desde  el  25  de  mayt)  de  1810  hasta  fin  dc  diciembre  de  1835,  con  un  indice 
genevat  de  materias.  Primer  parte.  Buenos  Aires,  Imprentii  del  Estado, 
XV,  556  p.     8°. 

\\v 


IV  INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

Argentine  Republic.     Laivs,  statutes,  etc.:  Reglaraento  6  que  deben  cstar  sujetas 
las  iVibricas  de  embutidos.     Ap^^ndice  No.  3  del  reglamento  de  policfa  sani- 
taria de  los  aniinales  No.  2.     Resoluciun  de  enero  10  de  1907.     Buenos 
Aires,  Tall,  de  la  Oficina  meteorologica  argentina,  1907.     10  p.     12®. 
(At  head  of  title:  "Ministerio  de  agricultura  dela  Repi^blica  Argentina.") 

.  .  .  Reglamento  general  de  policfa  sanitaria  de  los  animales.     Decreto  de 

noviembre  8  de  1906.     No  imprint.     21  p.     12**. 

(At  head  of  title:  "Ministerio  de  agricultiira  de  la  Kepiiblica  Argentina.    Policfa  sani- 
taria de  los  animales,  No.  1.") 

Reglamento  para  la  inspeccion  sanitaria-veterinaria  del  meroado  de 

tablada.  Ap^ndice  No.  1  al  reglamento  de  policfa  sanitaria  de  los  animales 
No.  2.  Resolucion  de  diciembre  29  de  1906.  Buenos  Aires,  Tall,  de  la 
Oficina  meteorologica  argentina,  1907.     7  p.     12°. 

(At  heiid  of  title:  **Ministerio  de  agricultura  de  la  Repdblica  Argentina.") 

Reglamento  para  frigorfficos,  saladeros,  graserfas  y  fabricas  de  cames 

ccmservadas.  Ap^ndico  No.  2  del  reglamento  de  policfa  sanitaria  de  1<« 
animales  No.  2.  Resolucion  de  febrero  4  de  li)07.  Buenos  Aires,  Tall,  de 
la  Oficina  meteorologica  argentina,  1907.     11  p.     12®. 

(At  head  of  title:  "Ministerio  de  agricultura  de  la  Reptiblica  Argentina.") 

Reglamentacionea  especial es  de establecimientoa industriales.    De<reto 

de  octubre  4  de  1906.     No  imprint.     8  p.     12®. 

(At  head  of  title:  " Ministerio  de  agricultura  de  la  Republica  Argentina.    Felicia  sani- 
taria de  los  animales  No.  2.") 

Ministerio  deA(;ricultuka:  Estadistica  agrf cola.     Ano  1906.     Buenos  Aires, 

Tall,  de  publicaciones  de  la  Oficina  meteorologica  argentina,  [1906].  59  p. 
8®. 

Ministerio  DE  Ac. RicuLTURA,  Division  de  Inmicrackkn:  .  .  .  IiimigraciiSn 

en  el  ailo  1906.     [BuencKS  Aires,  1906.]     18  p.     4®. 

.  .  .  Description  sommaire  de  la  R6publique  Argentine  comnie  pays 

d' immigration.  2°*"  edition  corrig^c  et  aumentee  d'apr^s  les  informations 
les  plus  recentes.  Buenos  Aires,  J.  II.  Kidd  et  cie.,  1904.  136  (2)  p.  illus., 
maps.    8®. 

Same.    Cierman  Ira.    147,  (2)  p. 

Same.    Italian  trs.    138,  [\)  p. 


Arnold,  Sarah  Louise:  .  .  .  Gufas  para  maesti-os  con  la  demostracion  de  los  princi- 
pios,  m^^odos  y  lines  de  la  enacnanza  comun.     Por  Sarah  Louise  Arnold 
.  .  .    Traducido  ix^r  Isabel  K.  MacDermott.    Buenos  Aires,  Est.  tip.  **E1 
Comercio,"  1007.    257  p.    12®. 

(At  head  of  title:  "  Libros  para  el  maestro.    Kdici<5n  hei^ha  por  el  *  Monitor  de  la  E^u- 
cacidncoiufln.'  v.  viii.") 

Banco  de  la  Nacion  Arcjentina:  Yearly  rei)ort  and  general  balance  sheet  corres- 
IxMiding  to  1906.    Buenos  Avtcs,  M.  Biedma  <fc  Son,  1907.    15,  (5)  p.    8®. 

BtTEXOH  Aires,  (Ieneral  Direition  op  Municipal  Statistics:  Statistic^  annuary 
(»f  the  city  of  Buenos  Aires  .  .  .  10th  year,  1906.  Buenos  Aires,  <  om- 
panfa  sud-americana  de  billetes  de  banco,  11H)7.    Iv,  ;552  p.    plates.    4®. 

Same.    In  Span i.**!!. 

Intendencia  Minicii'al:  .  .  .  Ccmdititms  for  the  public  (»all  for  tenders  f<»r 

the  constructi(m  of  two  of  the  lines  that  comprise  the  metn^politan  under- 
groimd  system  of  electric  railways.  Buenos  Ain?s,  Imp.,  lit.  <&  imp.  de 
(J.  Kraft,  1907.    2:5  p.    8®. 

-Same.    In  Spanish.    16  p.    8®. 

— .  .  .  Ferrocarriles  metn){)olitanos  .subterraneos.    Ordenanza.    Basest  de 

liciiacion.  Ano  1907.  | Buenos  Aires],  Imp.  I^jpez,  Quesada  y  iSirondo, 
[1907].    30  p.    J2°. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  V 

Buenos  Aires.  Laws,  statutes^  etc.:  indire  general  de  la  recopilaciun  de  leyes  y 
decretos  promulgados  en  Buenos  Aires.  1810-1835.  Buenos  Aires,  Im- 
prenta  del  Estado,  1836.    ccxvi,  viii  p.    8^. 

Camera  Italiana  di  Commercio  ed  Arti  in  Buenos  Aires:  Relazione  del  presidente 
e  resoconto  del  teeoriere  sulla  gestione  adrainistrativa  della  Camera  per 
r  anno  1906-1907.  Buenos  Aires,  Stabilimenlo  tip.  "Roma,"  1907.  39 
p.    8*». 

Carrasco,  Gabriel:  El  crecimiento  de  la  poblacion  dc  la  Republica  Argentina 
1895-1906.  Trabajo  presentado  al  Tercer  Congreso  MMico  Latino-Ameri- 
cano de  Montevideo  por  Gabriel  Carrasco  .  .  .  Buenos  Aires,  Companfa 
sud-americana  de  billetes  de  banco,  1907.    14  p.    8°. 

Los  progresos  demogrdficos  y  sanitarios  de  la  ciudad  del  Rosario  de  Santa  Fe 

1887-1906.  Ben^fica  influencia  de  las  obras  de  salubridad.  Trabajo  pre- 
sentado al  tercer  Congreso  Medico  Latino-Americano  de  Montevideo  por 
Gabriel  Carrasco  .  .  ,  Buenos  Aires,  Companfa  sud-americana  de  billetes 
de  banco,  1907.    27  p.    diagr.    8°. 

El  valor  monetario  de  la  higiene  piiblica.    Los  millones  ahorrados  en  una  gran 

ciudad  por  el  perfeccionamiento  de  sus  obras  sanitarias.  Buenos  Aires  en 
1905.  Trabajo  presentado  al  Tercer  Congreso  Medico  Latino-Americano  de 
Montevideo  por  Gabriel  Can-aeco  .  .  .  Buenos  Aires,  Companfa  sud- 
americana  de  l)illetes  de  banco,  1907.    26  p.    diagr.    8®. 

<  orduba.  Dire€Ci6n  General  de  Estadistica  y  Agricultura:  (^amparia  agi'fcola. 
1906-1907.  C6rdoba,  Estab.  tip.  "La  Italia,''  1907.  xxxiii,  173  p.  tables. 
8*». 

Faleni,  Lorenzo:  La  Repubblica  Argentina;  arte,  industria  e  commercio  .  .  . 
Lorenzo  Faleni  e  Amedeo  Serafini.  editori  proprietari.     [Buenos  Aires, 
Compafifa  general  defosforos,  1906.]    396,  [4]  p.    illus.    4®. 
(Published  for  the  International  exposition  at  Milan,  1006.) 

Gonzalez,  JoAQufx  V.:  .  .  .  The  National  University  of  La  Plata.  Report  relative 
to  its  foundation  ])y  Dr.  Joaqufn  V.  Gonzalez  .  .  .  Translated  by  George 
Wilaon-Rae,  sworn  public  translator.  Buenos  Aires,  Graphic  works  of  the 
national  penitentiary,  1906.    iv,  237  p.    maps,    plates,  plans.    8®. 

(At  head  of  title:  **  Argentine  Republic.   Technical  library  of  the  Department  of  Justice 
and  public  education  ...   v.  1.") 

Great  Brit.un.    Emigrants' Information  Office:    Argentine  Republic.    General 

infonnation  for  intending  settlei*s.    Issued  by  the  Emigrants'  information 

office.    London,  Darling  &  Son,  1907.    40  p.    8°. 
GuiA  Oficial  Municipal  del  jARDfN  Zoolook o:  Edicion,  190r)-1907.    Buenos  Aires, 

Tall,  grdficos  de  la  Comp.  gral.  dc  fosforos,  [1907].    206  p.    illus.    8°. 
Ijv.\ri(H,  SERAFfN:  Buenos  Aires.    Paginas  historiciis  para  el  primer  centenario  de  la 

independencia.     Buenos  Aires,  Companfa  sud-americana  de  billetes  de 

banco,  1907.    291,  (1)  p.    illus.    8°. 
Mustek.**,  Georc.e  Cha worth:  At  home  with  the  Patagonians:  A  year's  wanderings 

over  untrodden  ground  from  the  straits  of  Magellan  to  the  Rio  Xegro.    By 

George  Chaworth  Musters  .  .  .     London,  J.  Murray,  1871.     XX,  322  p. 

illus.,  maps.    8°. 
QuE.sADA,   Ernesto:    Alocucion   patriotica.     Pronunciada  en  la  fiesta  anual  del 

Ateneo,  celebrada  el  25  de  mayo  de  1895.    Buenos  Aires,  Arnoldo  Moen, 

1895.    15  p.    V2^. 
I^  l)atalla  de  Ituzaingo.     (Febrero  20  de  1827.)     Artfculo  publicado  en  la 

"Revista  nacional,"  tomo  13.     Buenos  Aires,  Companfa   sud-americana 

de  billetes  de  banco,  1893.    121  p.    8°. 
El  **Criolli8mo"  en  la  literatura  Argentina.    Buenos  Aires,  Coni  Hermanos, 

1902.    131  p.    8«. 


Vr  INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

QiESADA.  Ernesto:  La  crisis  universitaria.     Disourso  pronimciado  en  la  solemDe 

culacion  de  grados,  en  la  Facultud  de  derecho  y  ciencias  sociales  releUrada 

el  17  de  agosto  de  1906.    Buenos  Aires,  J.  Menemlez,  1906.    53  (2 )  p.    8°. 
La  cueslion  obrera  y  su  estudio  universitario.    (Del  Boletin  del  Departaiuento 

nacional  de  trabajo,  1.)    Buenos  Aires,  J.  Mem'ndez,  1907.    45  p.    S°. 
El  derecho  de  gracia.     NeceaLdad  de  reforinar  la  justicia  criuiLnal  y  ct>rrec- 

cional.    Buenos  Aires,  Libreria  Brcdahl,  1890.    63  p.    12®. 
La  deuda  Argentina.     »Su  unificacion.     Buenos  Aires,  Amoldi*  M<»en,   1S95. 

112  p.     12?. 
Disciu-so  pronunciado  en  el  banqueie  dado  a  los  i>eriodisLas  brasilefius  el  sabadd 

27  de  octubre  de  1900.    Buenos  Aires,  Librerfa  Bredahl,  1900.    40  p.     12°. 
Las  doctrinae  prer^jciologicas.    De  la  revisla  ''Estudios,"  Buenos  Aires,  1905, 

tomo  9.    Buenos  Aires,  J.  Menendez,  1905.    95  p.    8®. 
La  iglesia  cal6lica  y  la  cueslion  social.    Conl'erencia  dada  en  los  salnnes  del 

Atenet)  el  4  de  (jctubre  de  1895.    Buenos  Aires.  Amoldo  Mueu,  1895.     101. 

(l)p.    12°. 
El  problcuia  nacional  obrcro  y  la  licncia  cconomira.     ^^Conferencia  inaugural 

del  curso  de  economia  politica.)     La  Plata.   Aixhivos  de  pedagogia  y 

ci<mcias  afines,  1907.     23,  (1)  p.     8°. 
La  reforma  judicial.     Deiiciencias  del  procediniieuin  e  independcncia  del 

Ministcrio  fiscal.     Buenos  Aires,  Librerfa  Bredahl,  1899.     80  p.     12®. 
Las  reliquias  de  San  Martfn.     Estudio  de  las  colecciones  del  Musi-o  histurico 

na(  ional.     Tercera  edicion,  corregida  y  aumentada.     Buenos  Aires.  Imp. 

curopca  de  M.  A.  Rosas,  1901.     139  p.     12®. 
La  sociologia.     Caracter  cientffico  de  su  euseuanza.     De  la  **Revista  de  la 

Universidad  de  Buenos  Aires,*'  1905.  tomo  3.     Buenos  Aires.  J.  Menendez, 

1905.    43,  (2)  p.     8®. 
Tristozas  y  esperanzas.     La  luclia  ix»r  la  vida  y  el  descanso.     (De  lt>s  *•  Anales 

de  la  Facultad  de  derecho  y  ciencias  socialcs."  Buenos  Aires,  If^.  tomo 

3.)     Buenos  Aires,  J.  Menendez,  1903.     100  p.     8®. 
Nuestra  raza.     Discurso  pronunciado  en  el  teatro  OdcHju  el  12  <le  octubre  de 

1900.     Buenos  Aires,  Lil)roria  Bredahl,  1900.     85  p.     12®. 
.  .  .  D()s  novelas  sociologicas.     Buenos  Aires.  Jacobo  Peuser.  1S92.     223  p. 

12®. 
...  La  epoca  de  Bot-as.     Su  verdadero  canictcr  hL^iorico.     Buenos  Aires. 

A  rnoldo  Moen,  1898.     392  p.     12®. 
.  .  .  La  polilica  argent ino-paraguayo.     Pur  Ernest* »  Quesada  .  .  .     IWn-nos 

Aires.  Librerfa  Bredalil,  1902.     xxi,  302  p.     4®. 
(.\t  hc:ul  of  title:  "Historia  dlploinfiiica  niicUnml.' 

...  La   polftica   argeniina  respecto   de  Chile   (1895-1^98i.     Buenos   Ains, 

Arn..l(lo  Moren,  liSOS.     239  p.     8®. 

...   La  p<»liiira  chilena  en  el  Plata.     Las  ncgociaciones  diploniuii<as  entre 

Cliih*  y  la  Ucpiiblica  Argentina  .  .  .  Con  un  apendice  que  contiene  la 
exiHisicion  y  refutacion  del  Dr.  Bernardo  de  Irigin*en  y  \-arios  niajxis  y 
pianos.     Buenos  Aires,  Amoldo  Moen.  1S95.     382  p.     maps,  plans.     8®. 

.  .  .  Los  pri\ilegios  parlamentarios  y  la  liberiad  de  la  prcnsa.     Recursii  de 

"habeas  corpus"  en  el  cast>  de  la  prison  del  dirtntor  de  **E1  Tiempo."  pi»r 
orden  de  la  Caniara  de  Diputados.  Buenos  Aires.  Arnoldu  M«»<*n,  Ls!*«i. 
113.  (1;  p.     8®.  ^ 

.  .  .   La  propie<la<i  intelectual  en  el  dereih'»  argi-niinn.     Buenos  Aires.  Libr**- 

ria  <le  J.  Meneiuh-z.  JfHM.     xvi.  490  p.      I®. 

.  .  .  Kesefias  y  rrilicas.     Buenos  Aires,   Felix  Lajduani*,  18113.     52S.  ^l»  p. 

12®. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS,  VII 

SiLVAXo  GoDOi.  Ji'Ax:  Vllimus  opomcioncs  do  gucrra  del  joncTal  Josi'*  Ediivigis 

Diaz,  vencodor  dt»  Curupaitic     Sii  horo.scopo  por  Juan  Silvano  (lodoi. 

Buenos  Aires,  Felix  Lajouano,  1897.     178.  ii  p.     8**. 
SfEARs,  John  R.:  The  gold  diggings  of  Capo  Horn.     A  study  of  liio  in  Tiorra  dol 

Piiego  and  Patagonia,  by  John  Ii.  Spoars  .  .  .     New  York,  London,  G.  P. 

Putnam's  sons,  1805.     xi,  319  j).     front.,  map.     8°. 

BOLIVIA. 

C'ai.deijon,  Igxacio:  Bolivia  as  a  Hold  for  American  capital.     Immigration  regula- 
tions [1907].     New  York.     Cover  title.     15  p. 
(Reprinted  from  '*The  Banker's  niugaziiie.'  July,  VM)7.) 

i'uE.**p(),  Liis  B.:  .• .  .  Indicaciimes  i?umarias  para  el  inmigrante  a  Bolivia.  Por 
Luitf  S.  Cre?iv>  .  .  .  La  Paz,  J.  M.  Gamarra,  19()7.  1(10  p.  diagrs., 
maps.     12°. 

I'.oMviA.  Octog^*sim(>  scgundo  aniversario  do  la  indopendoncia  do  i^olivia.  Pro- 
grama  al  que  so  sujetanm  la.s  fu^stas.  Gloria  al  (>  do  agosto  do  1825.  La 
Paz,  J.  M.  Gamarra,  6  do  agosto de  1907.     12,  (I)  p.     8°. 

Laws,  statutes,  etc.:  .  .  .  Ley  do  servicio  militar.     La  Paz,  Intondoncia  de 

guerra,  1907.     95,  ii  p.     12®. 

(At  the  head  of  title:  "  Ministcrio  do  piuTru .'  ) 

Ley  org^inica  de  presupuostos.     La  Paz,  Imp.  y  lit.  boliviana,  1907. 

13  p.  'l2?. 

(At  head  of  title:  ''lOngreso  nati<)n:il.'") 

Leyes  dictada.s  por  el  Congrew)  de  1900.     ICdicion  camand.     La  Paz, 

Imprenta  de  'El  Diario,"  1(K)7.     200,  viii  p.     8°. 
Leoislatira  OiiDiXARiA  DE  1900-1907:  ProyectOvS  o  infnrmos  del  IL  Senado 

naeional.     1-a  Paz.  Imprenta  de  **E1  Diari«),"  1907.     J^39,  vii  p.     8®. 
Mensajedel  PuE.siDENTE  .  .  .     do  1907.     [LaPaz,  11K)7.]     ILdf-tillo.     43  p. 

MiN'isTERio  DE  CoLOMZAcioN"  Y  Agricultuua:  Mcuioria  .   .   .  dc    1007.     La 

Paz,  Imprenta  de  "El  Comercio  de  Bolivia,''   VM)7.     44,  Ixxiii  p.     8°. 

MiNisTERio  DE  GoBiERXo  V  FoMEXTo:  Momoria  .  .  .  UK)7.  La  Paz,  Im- 
prenta art  it^tica,  1907.     71  p.     8°. 

MixiSTERjo  DE  Guerra:  Momoria  .  .   .  do  MK)7.      I.a  Paz.  Imprenta  d«'  "El 

Comercio  do  Bolivia,"  1007.     xxiv.  140  p.     8^. 

MixiSTEiuo  DE   IIaciexda    e   Ixdustkia:  Momoria  .   .   .  dc    liM)7.      La   Paz, 

Tip.  artfi^tifa,  1907.     52  p.     8°. 

MixiSTERio  DE  JusTiciA  E  IxsTRLccioN  Pi  HLK  A:  1  nlomiacionos  d<'  lo^  preyi- 

dente?  de  corte.  fii?calea  de  tlisU'ito  y  roctore.^  de  la.s  univi'rsidado.s  do  la 
RepiibUca  en  la  aportura  dol  ano  judicial  y  e>c<»lar  dc  liK)7.  La  Paz, 
Imprenta  y  lit.  boliviana,  1007.    411  p.     8^. 

MiNiSTERio  DE  JusTiciA   E   IxsTRUCcioN    PiBLicA:  Mouioria  .   .   .  do    1!M)7. 

La  Paz,  Imprenta  <le  "El  Comercio  dc  Bolivar,"  1007.     Ixx,  412  \).     12''. 

Mixi.*4TERi()  DE   Kelaciones   Exteriore.s   V  CiLTo:  Momoria  [con   ancxo.-] 

.  .  .  de  1900.     La  Paz,  "La  Prcn.sa.''   1007.     3  v.  in  2.     8°. 

Klne-Morexo,  Gabriel:  Bolivia  y  Peru.  Nuovas  nota-s  hi^toricas  y  ])ibli(»,u:r:Ui(a-. 
Por  Gabriel  Rene-Moreno.  Saniiag<)  <lc  <'hile,  S«)c.  imp.  y  lit.  nniv«  r>(», 
1907.     X,  676p.     12^. 

Saavkdra,  Battista:  Defon.<a  dc  Ins  d«'rcch(>s  dc  Uolivia  ante  <4  Gol>icrno  argcntino 
en  el  litigiodo  frontora.^  con  la  Rcpuhlica  del  Peru  por  liaulista  Saavcdra 
.  .  .     Bueno.s  Aires.  .lacoho  Peu.-cr,  IJJOO.     310.  (ly  p.     map.     8^. 

Weddell,  U.  a.:  Voyage  dans  le  n(»rd  do  la  B()li\ic  ct  dans  Ics  parties  v<)i<in<s  du 
P^rou;  ou,  Visite  au  di.<lrict  auriferc  dc  Tipuani  par  IL  .\.  Wcddcll  .  .  . 
Paris.P.Bertrand;  etc..  etc..  J853.     2  p.  1.,  xi\,  o7i,V^'\V-    '\\\\x^ • « v^^'-^V •    '^'^ ' 


VIII      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

BRAZIL. 

[Ayres  de  C'asal,  Manuel]:  Corogralia  brazilioa;  oil,  Rela(;ao liLstorico-googralica do 
roino  do  Brazil,  coinposta  e  dedicada  a  Sua  Magestade  fidclissima  por  hum 
preslnlero  serular  do  gram  priorado  do  Crate  [anon.]  Rio  dc  Janeiro, 
Impressao  rogia,  1817.     2  v.     8°. 

Barbosa  Rodriguez,  J.:  Contributions  du  Jardin  Botanique  do  Rio  de  Janeiro  par 
son  direotcur  J.  Barbosa  Rodriguez.  IV.  Rio  de  Janein),  Typ.  rua  do 
Rosario  no.  107,  1907.     pp.  89-125.     pis.  xii-xxvii.     4**. 

Belem,  Municipal  de:  Relatorio  apresentado  ao  conselho  municipal  de  Bel6m  .  .  . 
em  Setembro  de  1906-^1  de  Setembro  de  1907.  Pard,  Bel^m,  Sec9rio  do 
(>l)ms  Provincia  do  Pardda,  1906-1907.     4  pamps,  &  1  vol.     8**. 

Brazil.  Coxcresso  Nacional:  Annacs  da  Camara  dos  Deputa4o8.  27  de  Abril-31 
de  Dezembro  de  1905.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Imprensa  nacional,  1905-1906. 
8  V.     8°. 

Annaes  do  Senado  Federal.     28  de  Abril-31  de  Outubro  dc  1905.     Rio 

de  Janeiro,  Imprensa  nacional,  1900.     3  v. 

Laws,  statutes  J  etc.:  Regulations  regarding  immigration  and  colonization  in 

Brazil.     Decree  No.  6455  of  April  19th,  1907.     Rio  de  Janeiro,  The  Brazil- 
ian review,  1907.     24  p.     8°. 

MiNiSTERio  DA  Industria,  Via^ao  e  Obras  Pubucas:  Relatorio  .  .  .  anno 

de  1907.     Rio  de  Janeiro,  Imprensa  nacional,  1907.     2  v.     8®. 

— MixiSTERio  DA  JusTiyA  E  Interiores:  Relatorio  .  .  .  Maryo  de  1907.     Rio 

de  Janeiro,  Imprensa  nacional,  1907.     2  v.     8°. 
vol.  1.  JustiQU,  interior  ccontibiiididc. 
vol.  2,  Saude  publica. 

Carvalho,  Augusto  de:  O  Brazil;  eolonisavao  e  emigrav^ao;  esboyo  liistorico  bnseado 
no  estudio  dos  systemas  e  vantagens  que  offerecem  os  Estados  Unidoe«.  2. 
ed..  re  vista  e  accrescentada  .  .  .  com  o  mappa  das  colonias  estabelecidas 
no  imperio  desde  1812  ate  1875.  Porto,  Imprensa  portugueza,  187G.  xiv, 
( 1 ).  51 1  p.     front,  (port.),  tab.     8°. 

Crak;,  Neville  B.:  Recollections  of  an  ill-fated  expedition  to  the  headwaters  of  the 
Mad(»ira  River  in  Brazil.  By  Neville  B.  Craig.  In  cooperation  with  mem- 
l)ei's  of  the  Madeira  and  Mamore  Association  of  Philadelphia.  Philadel- 
phia cV:  London,  J.  B.  Lippincott  company,  1907.  479  p.  plates,  mape, 
front,  (port.),  ill  us.     8°. 

CoNDAMiNE,  MoNF.  DE  LA :  A  succiiict  abridgment  of  a  voyage  made  within  the  inland 
parts  of  South  America,  from  the  coaMs  of  the  South  Sea  to  the  coasts  of 
Brazil  and  Guiana,  down  the  river  of  Amazona,  as  it  was  read  in  the 
pu))lic  assembly  of  the  Academy  of  sciences  at  Paris,  April  28,  1745.  By 
Monf.  de  la  Condamine  of  that  academy.  To  which  is  annexed  a  map  of 
the  Maranon,  or  rivrr  of  Amazon,  drawn  l)y  the  same.  Ix>ndon.  printed 
for  K.  Withers  ...  1747.     xii,  108  p.     map.     8^ 

Great  Britain.     Foreign  Office:  Report  for  the  years  1904-1906  on  the  trade  of 
Bahia.     PMited  at  the  Foreign  of!ic(^  and  the  Injard  of  trade  .  .  .     London, 
lfarri.'<<m  c^  tumn,  1907.     'Mj  p.     8°. 
( Dip.  A:  cons,  repts.,  aim.  ser.  no.  TiOOl.) 

Rej)ort  fnr  the  y<*ar  1900  on  the  trade  and  commence  of  Brazil.     Edited 

at  the  Foreign  oflice  and  the  Board  of  trade  .  .  .     London,  Harrison  A 

sons,  1907.     49  p.     8°. 

(Dip.  A'  con.s.  repts.,  ann.  sor.  no.  :ts78.) 

■ J^*p(.rt  for  the  y(»ars  HK;.>  liKXJ  on  th<»  trade  uf  Pani.     EdittMl  at  the 

Foreign  office  and  Hoard  of  tra<le  .  .  .     lAimlon,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907, 
J2p.     S°. 
(Dip.  A  cons,  repts.,  ann.  ser.  3S74.) 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  IX 

Great  Britain.     Foreign  Offick:  Report  for  ilu*  year  190G  on  the  trade  and  ( om- 
merce  of  Pernambuco.     Edit(»d   at  the  Foreign  otHce  and  the  Board  of 
trade  .  .  .     London,  Harrison  ct  sons,  1907.     24  p,     8°. 
(Dip,  &  cons,  repts,,  aim.  ser.  no.  3022.) 

Hexder.son,  James:  A  history  of  the  Brazil;  comprising  its  geography,  comnierce, 
colonization,  alwriginal  inhabitants,  &c.  .  .  .  London,  Longman,  Hurst, 
Rees,  Orme  and  Brown,  1821.     xxiii,  [1],  522.  [2]  p.     front.,  plates,  maps. 

KosTER.  IIexry:  Travels  in  Brazil.  By  Henry  Koster.  2d  cd.  In  two  volumes. 
I^ndon.  printed  for  Longman,  Hurst,  Rees,  Orme,  and  Brown,  1817.  2  v. 
plate.^..     8°.  # 

Laemmert,  Eduardo  vox:  Almanak  administrative, 'inereantil  e  industrial  do  Rio 
de  Janeiro  e  indieador  para  1907.  Obra  estalistica  e  de  eonsulta,  fundada 
em  1844,  por  Eduardo  von  Laemmert.  04°  anno.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Compa- 
nbia  typographica  do  Brazil,  [1907].     2  v.     Continous  paging.     4°. 

LuccocK,  JoHx:  Notes  on  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  the  southern  parts  of  Brazil;  taken  dur- 
ing a  residence  of  ten  years  in  that  country,  from  1808  to  1818.  By  John 
Luccock.     I^mdon,  S.  Leigh,  1820.     viii,  039,  11]  p.     3  maps.     4°. 

Mattoso,  Erxesto:  .  .  .  O  Dr.  Augusto  Montenegro,  sua  vida  e  seu  governo  por 
Ernesto  Matt oso.  Paris,  Tony  Dussieux.  [1907].  251,  {2)  p.  front, 
(port.),  1  pi.     8°. 

(At  head  of  title:  **  Estado  do  ParA  IJrasil.") 

Mexezcs  e  Souza,  Joao  Tardoso  de:  Theses  sobre  colonizayao  do  Brazil;  pro- 
jecto  de  s(.»lu<,':1o  as  que.stoes  sociaes  qu(^  se  prendem  a  este  dilhcil  problema. 
Relatorio  apresentado  ao  Ministerio  da  agricultura,  commorcio  e  ol)ras 
publicas  em  1875,  pelo  conselheiro  Joilo  Cardoso  de  Menezes  e  Souza.  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  Typ.  nacional,  1875.     x,  429,  [50]  p.     plates,  tab.     8°. 

Para.  Bibuotheca  e  Archivo  Publico  do  Para:  Annaes  .  .  .  tomo  1.  Para, 
Alfredo  Augusto  Silva,  1902.     xxvii,  280  p.     plates.     8°. 

Same.     Tomo  2.     Belem,    Imprcnsa   ofHcial,    1903.     xlv,  33G,    (1)   p. 

8°. 

Same.     Tomo  5.     Para.  Typ.  <•  cue.  do  insiituto  Lauro  Sodre.  1900. 

408,  0)  P-     ^°' 

PoiRiER,  Eduardo:  Salve,  uh  Brazil!  Discursos  pronunciados  en  la  solemne  .'^esion 
inaugural  del  Tercer  Congreso  (ientflico  Latino-Americano  de  Rfo  de 
Janeiro  el  dfa  0  de  agosto  d<*  1905;  y  en  el  gran  ]>anquete  de  clausura  de 
dicho  rongres<^  el  dfa  16  de  agosto  de  ii)05,  por  Eduardo  Poirier  ...  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  Typ.  do  'Jornal  do  Commercio,"  1905.     18  p.     nar.  8°. 

Sao  Paulo.  Commissao  GEocRArmcA  k  Geoloc.ica  dh  Sao  Pai  lo:  Expluravao 
do  Rio  Parana  .  .  .  1900.  Sao  Pauh.,  (arlo;^  (ierke  &  Rothschild,  1907. 
24  p.     maps.,  illus.     f^. 

Lau8,  statutes,  dr.:  Decrcto  no.  1458  de  10  de  Abril  dc  1907.     Da  rogulamcnto 

para  a  execuyao  d(^  lei  no.  1045  c  dc  27  dc*  Dczcmbro  de  1900  que  di^^pOo 
K)bre  a  immigrayao  e  cohmisayao  no  Icrritorio  do  E.stado.  Sao  Paulo,  Typ. 
do  *'Diario  oflicial,"  1907.     90  p.     8°. 

(At  head  of  title:  "Serretaria  da  agrit.ultiira,  coiiuncr.^  io  e  ohras  j)ubli(as  do  Kstu  'o  de 
S.  Paulo.') 

Secretaria  DA  Ac.RicuLTUKA,  CoMMKurio  E  Obuah  PunLicAs:  Rilatorio  .  .  . 

1895.     Sao  Paulo,  Siqucira  &  (\mip.,  1890.     240,  159  p.     illus.     4°. 

Same.     1900.     Sao  Paulo,  Rothschild  &  Co..  1907.     xxxi,  351  p.     illus., 

tables.     8°. 

SouTO,  Vieira:  Notes  sur  le  commerce  international,  la  navigation  ct  les  finances 
du  Bresil  par  le  Dr.  Vieira  Souto  .  .  .  Extrait  dc  Tintroduction  de 
TouvTage,  "O  Brazil.  .«uas  riquczas  naturaes.  .«^uas  industrias''  .  ,  .  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  M.  Oro.so  tt  (.,  1907.     92  p.     diagrs.    &''. 


X  INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    KEPUBLICS. 

The  United  States  of  Brazil.  London.  Office  of  the  "Sphen''  [1907].  64  p. 
illus.,  maps,     4®. 

CANAL  ZOXE. 

U.  S.  IsTiuiiAN  Canal  Commi8S10n:  Annual  report  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commii^ 
sion  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1907.  Washington,  Government 
Printing  Office,  1907.     239  p.     plates,  map,  tables.     8**. 

CHILE. 

Albert,  Federico:  Plan  jeneral  para  el  cultivo  de  bosques.  Con  preferencia  para 
las  rejiones  desda  La  Serena  hasta  Concepcion,  pero  que  puede  ser  apli- 
cado  aun  m^s  al  norte  y  mas  al  sur.  Por  Federico  Albert  .  .  .  Santiago 
de  Chile,  Imprenta  Cervantes,  1907.     22  p.     8°. 

Amicis,  Edmundo  de:  .  .  .  Corazon  (diario  de  un  nino).  Traducido  al  wpafiol  de 
la  44*  edicion  italiana  por  H.  Giner  de  los  Rios.  Vei-sion  revisada  por  un 
profesor.     Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  Gutenberg,  1906.     231  p.     illus.    8®. 

Casa  de  Orates  de  Santiacjo:  Movimiento  de  la  Casa  de  Orates  de  Santiag«>  en  el 
alio  1905  .  .  .  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  Cervantes,  1906.  333  p. 
plates.     8**. 

Catalogo  de  los  E('lesi.\sticos  de  Amiu)S  Gleros,  casas  religiosas,  iglesias  y  capi- 
llas  del  Arzo])ispado  de  Santiago  de  Chile  a  principios  del  afio  190C.  San- 
tiago de  Chile,  Imprenta  de  la  "Revista  catolica."     1906.     136  p.     8*. 

[Chile.  Commission  to  the  Exposition  of  Milan,  190t>]:  II  Chile.  All'  esposizione 
di  Milano,  1906.     Milano,  Bassi  &  Vaccari,  1906.     x.  29,  (1)  p.     8**. 

[CoMisiON    enc'ar<;ada    del  Estudio  de  Sanatorio  para  Tvberculosos: 

Sanatorio  para  tuberculosos.  Informe  que  la  comision  encaigada  de  su 
estudio,  eleva  al  Supremo  Gobierno.  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  Cer- 
vantes, 1902.     148  p.     4°. 

Laws,   statutes,    etc.:  Disp(>sici<mes   relativas   a   los   ferrocarriles   partieulares. 

Santiago  de  Chile,  Imp.,  lit.  i  enc.  Barcelona.  1906.     40  p.     8**. 
(At  head  of  title:  "Ministerio  de  iiidustria  i  obra.s  publicas."; 

Inspeccion   de   los   ferrocarriles   particulares.     Disposici<mes   relativas 

d  los  fern)carriles  particulares.  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imp.,  lit.  i  enc.  Bar- 
celona, 1005.     15  p.     8°. 

(At  hejtd  of  title:  "Miiiisterio  de  indnslria  i  ohras  pilblioas."  i 

.  .  .   Lei  de  patentes  (h'  invencion  i  disposiciones  supremas  relativas 

.d  la  tramilacion  i  concesitmes  de  los  privilejios  exclusivos.      Santago  dv 
Chile,  Imp.  i  enc.  '*  El  (ilobo."  1906.     17  p.     4°. 

(At  head  of  title:  "  Kei>ilblic'a  de  Chile.    Miiiisterio  de  indiistria  1  o]»ras  pilblieas.") 

Lejislacion   de  aduanas.     Disposici(mes  vijente-*  arreglada  por  Wen- 

ceslao  Orellana  Vilchrs  .  .  .  Santiagi>  i\v  Chile,  Imprenta  nacional, 
1903.     xvi,  170-1  p.     4°. 

Proyecto  de  codigo  organico  de  tribunales  revisado  pi»r  la  C'omisiou 

mixta  de  s(»nadore.s  i  diputailos.  Segunda  edicion  correjida.  Santiago  do 
(Idle.  ImiM-cnia  Cervantes,  UKXI.     257  p.     8°. 

Recopilacion  de  h»yes,  decretos  i  dema.-^  «li>posi('iones  de  caracter  jene- 
ral relativas  al  Ministerio  de  imlu-^^trias  i  obras  publicas  .  .  .  Santiag:i 
de  Chile,  Imp.  Hanelona,  liKXi.     009  p.     4°. 

-     Reco])ih\cion  de  h'yc>  i  decretns  rolativos  al  retinj  del  papel-nn minla  i 
de  los  r(4a<'ionados  con  lo.-  bancos  i  si.>tema  monetario.     Pi»r  Jou^  Vicente 
Fdbres  .  .  .     Sant  ago  dr  Chilf.  I  :iipn'nta  nacional,  1896.     147  p.     8**. 
(Al  head  of  title:  "  Ministerio  de  h.i  ienda."> 


LIBBABY    ADDITIONS.  XI 

Chile.    LoMm,  staiuteSy  etc.:  .  .  .  Reglamento   do  inmi^racion  libre.     Santiago  de 
Chile,  Impreata  nactonal,  19Q7.     14.  p.    8®. 
(At  hsad  of  title:  **Mixii8terk>  de  relaciones  exteriores.") 

Reglamento  de  inmigracion  libre  dictado  en  24  de  jiinio  de  1905  .  .  . 

Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  Cersantes,  1905.     31  p.     8®. 
(Tttxt  in  English,  Spanish,  German,  yrench,  and  Italian.) 

Reglamento  para  los  eontratos  de  obras  piiblicas.     Santiago  de  Chile, 


Casilla  No.  1953,  1900.     16  p.     8^. 

(At  head  of  title:  "Minieteno  de  in<Justria  i  obras  ptiblicas,"  18D8,  No.  1.) 

Mensaje  del  Presidexte  .  .  .   1°  de  juuio  de  1907.     Santiago  de  Chile, 

Imprenta  nacional,  1907.    47  p.     8®. 

MiNiSTERio  DE  Hacienda:  Memorijf.  .  .  de  1905  y  1906.     Santiago  de  Chile, 

Imp.  i  ene.  universitaria,  1907.     2  v.     8°. 

MiNiSTERio    DE    Hacxexda:     Memorias  i  proyeotos  presentados  al  Supremo 

Gobiereno  en  coniormidad  al  decreto  supremo  de  25  de  noviembre  de  1901 
para  el  establecimiento  de  un  impuesto  sobre  el  tabaeo  i  recomendadoH 
por  la  comision  nombrada  para  revisarhxs.  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta 
Cervantes,  1902.     390,  (1)  p.     12^. 

MiNiSTERio  DE  Ikdustria  I  Obras  Publicas:  Memoria  .  .  .  de  1906.  Santi- 
ago de  Chile,  Imprenta  Barcelona,  1906.     225  p.     table.     8°. 

Same.     1907.     Santiago  de  Chile»  Imprenta  Barcelona,   1907.     93  p. 

tables.     8°. 

MixiSTERio  DE  Justicia:  Estadistica  criminal  correspond iente  al  ano  de  lfK)4. 

Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  Barcelona,  1905.     216,  (2)  p.     diagrs.     4*^. 

OFiasA  Central  de   EsxADisxicA:  Sinopsis  estadistica   i  jcogr^fica  de  la 

Republica  de  Chile  en  1905.  Santiago  de  Chile.  Imp.  i  enc.  universitaria, 
1907.     462  p.     4°. 

X6MINA  DE  L.\8  SociEDADEs  AxoNiMAS:  CuvoH  cstatutos  ban  sido  aprobadcs 

por  el  Supremo  Gobierno  i  que  se  han  organizado  d(»sde  el  1"  de  enero  de 
1905  ha8ta  el  28  de  setiembre  de  1906.  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  na- 
cional, 1906.     32  p.     8^. 

MixiSTERio  DE  IIaciexda:  Propuesta^s  para  la  const  ruccion  de  las  obras  del 

puerto  de  Valparaiso.  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imp.  y  lit.  y  enc.  Barcelona, 
1906.     104,  (2)  p.     diagrs.     8°. 

CoLECcidx  DE  HiSTORiADORES  I  DE  DOCUMENTOR  relativos  a  la  independencia  d<* 
Chile.  Tomos  8.  9,  10,  11  &  12.  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  Cervantes, 
1902-1904.     5  v.     8°. 

(TonKM  11  Ai  12  hare  imprint  "G.  K.  Miranda.') 

CoRDEMOY,  Camilo  J.:  Estudio  relativo  al  puerto  de  Iquique  por  Camilo  J.  de  Corde- 
moy  .  .  .  Santiago  de  Chile.  Imprenta  Cervantes,  1902.  32  p.  plans. 
12**! 

CoRRESPOXDEXciA  Cambiada  cutrc  cl  administrador  j(»neral  del  fernKarril  do  Ant(»- 
fagajiita  d  Bolivia  i  la  comision  nom])rada  por  el  directorio  de  la  Asr)ciaciun 
aalitrera  de  pn){>aganda.  pam  conocer  las  causas  que  restrinjcn  la  esportuc'un 
del  salitre  en  la  zona  servida  por  el  ferrorarril  inMuionado.  Santiaj^o  de 
Chile,  Imprenta  Barcelona,  1006.     23  p.     8°. 

Davila  L..  Benjamix:  Al  alcoholismo  i  la  n*glamentaciun  (b*  las  bebidas  alcolu'ilicas 
por  Benjamin  Davila  L.  Siintiap:r>  de  Chile.  Imprenta  naci(»iial.  1S09. 
135,  (1)  p.     8^ 

Eluot,  G.  F.  Scott:  Chile,  its  history  and  devrlopmeut,  natural  fi-atures,  products, 
commerce  and  present  conditions.  By  (I.  F.  Scott  Klliol  .  .  .  With  an 
intvoduction  by  Martin  Hume.  New  York.  Charles  Scrilmer's  sons,  1007. 
xxvili,  357  p.     map,  plates,  front,  ({wrt).     8°. 


Xn        INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

GonzAlez  de  Agueros,  Pedro:  Descripcion  historial  de  la  provincia  y  archipielago 
de  Chiloe,  en  el  re>Tio  de  Chile,  y  obispado  de  la  Concepci6n  dedicada  & 
miestro  c'at61ico  monarco  Don  Carlos  IV  (que  Dice  guarde),  per  el  padre 
fray  Pedro  Gonzdlez  de  Agueros  .  .  .  [Madrid]  Impr.  de  B.  Cano,  1791. 
4  p.  L,  318  p.     plates,  map.     8°. 

Grossi,  Jose:  Servicio  medico  de  un  teiTeraoto.  (Valparaiso,  16  de  agosto  de  1906.) 
Valparaiso,  Lit.  ^  imp.  modema,  1907.     85  p.     map,  diagr.     8°. 

GuzMAX  C.,  Arturo:  Contribuoi6n  i\l  estudio  de  las.bradicardis  i  del  sindroma  de 
Stokes-Adams,  por  Arturo  Guzman  C,  .  .  .  Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta 
Barcelona,  1905.     139  p.     4°. 

Hall,  Basilio:  Estmoto  de  un  diario  de  viaje  d,  Chile,  Peru  i  M6jico  en  los  ailos  de 
1820,  1821,  1822.  Por  el  Capi^dn  Basilio  Hall.  Tradueido  del  inglds  por 
Federico  Gana  G.     Tomo  1.     Santiago  de  Chile,  Imp.  y  enc.  universitaria, 

1906.  293  p.     12°. 

Herrera  a.,  Pedro  Xolasco:  Magallanes.  Un  emporio  de  riqueza  nacional.  Con- 
ferencia  dada  en  la  Asociaciun  de  la  prensa  bajo  eu  patrocinio  en  setiembre 
de  1897.  Por  Ptnlro  Nolasco  Herrera  A.  Santiago,  Imprenta  Santiago  de 
Chile,  Ahuniiwla  66,  1897.     134,  (1)  p.     8**. 

Lautaro  Ferrer,  Pedro:  Uistoria  geneml  de  la  medicina  en  Chile.  (Documentos 
in^ditos,  biograflas  y  l)ibliograffa).  Desde  el  descubrimiento  y  conquista 
de  Chile  en  1535  hasta  nuestros  dias.  Por  Pedro  Lautaro  Ferrer.  Tomo 
1,  desde  1535  hasta  .  .  .  1843.  Talca,  Imp.  de  J.  Martin  Garrido  C,  1904. 
485  p.     4°. 

Lem^tayer,  Paul:  Informe  stjbre  los  estudios  practicados  en  los  guaneros  de  Punta 
Pic  halo,  Punta  Gniesa,  Chipana,  Punta  de  Ix)bo8  i  Pabellon  de  Pica. 
(Por  orden  del  s-efior  Ministro  de  hacienda.)  Por  Paul  Lem^tayer  i  Da\'id 
Vasquez  S.     Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  Cervantes,  1902.     68,  (1)  p.    8*. 

Medina,  Jose  Toribio  {cd.):  .  .  .  Actas  del  cabildo  de  Santiago.  Tomo  14.  Pu- 
blicadas  por  Jos^  Toribio  Medina.     Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  elzeviriana, 

1907.  533  p.     4*». 

(Tomo  34;  '*Colewri(5n  de  historia<lores  de  Chile  y  de  documentos  relativos  &  U  histoiiji 
nat'ional.") 

MoLTKE,  Carlos  von:  .  .  .  Memoria  esplicativa  del  proyecto  de  mejoramiento  del 
puerto  de  Antofagasta.  [Por]  Carlos  von  Moltke,  injeniero.  Santiago  de 
Chile,  Imp.,  lit.  i  enc.  Barcelona,  1905.     52  p.     tables,  map.     8®. 

(At  head  of  title:  "  Ministerio  de  hacienda,") 

NoRDENFLYCHT,     R.     de:  .  .  .  ludustria    salitrera.     Procedimiento    Xortlenflyoht. 

D(»scripci6n  funcionamiento,  informes.     Valparaiso,  Sociwlad  "Imprenta 

y  lit.  univei-so,"  1905.     86  p.     diagr.     4°. 
OrttJzar,  Adolfo:  Chile  of  to-day.     Its  commerce,  its  production  and  its  resources. 

National  yearly  publication  of  reference  1^1907-1908^.     By  Adolfo  Ortii- 

zar.  Consul  general  of  Chile  in  the  United  States,     .  .  .    Subventioned 

by  the  Chilean  Government.     New  York,  The  Tribune  asBociation.  1907. 

525  p.     plates,  Ubles.     4^. 
Salmon ,  D.  :  El  arte  de  eusenar  por  D.  Salmon.     .  .  .     (Traduccion  dc  Fanor  Velasco.) 

Santiagt^  Sociedad  "Imprenta  i  lit.  universo,"  1906.     (3),  313  p.     12**. 
Subercaseaux,  (ilillermo:  Cuestiones  fundamentales  de  economfa  polftioa  tcorica. 

Por  Guillermo  SulKjrcaseaux  .  .  .     Santiago  de  Chile,  Imp.  y  lit.  i  enc. 

Barcelona,  1907.     238  p.     4^. 
I^  idea  de  capital  ante  la  economfa  jxJftica.     Conferencia  dada  en  la  Vniver- 

sidad  catolica  ix)r  Guillermo  Sul)en'aseaux.     Santiago  de  Chile,  Imp.  lit.  y 

enc.  Barcelona,  1900.     26  p.     8®. 
El  papel  moneda  en  (^hile  desde  1898.     Estudio  presentado  por  Don  Guillermo 

Subercaseaux  .  .  .    Santiago  de  (.'hile,   Imprenta  Cer\ante«,  1906.    49, 


UBBAKT    ABDITTOlfS.  XTII 

TJNiTxsaiDAD  Ds  Ghilb:  Discunos  pronimciadoB  en  la  rece]>ci6n  del  Dr.  L.  R.  Rowe 
oomo  miemfaro  honcnnurio  de  la  Facultad  de  leyes  i  cLencias  polfticas  de  la 
TJnivereidad  de  Chfle.  Santiago  de  Ghfle,  Imprenta  Cervantes,  1907. 
58  p.    9*. 

(Test  in  BngUsh  and  Spaniah.) 

Views  of  the  Chiliak  Nitrate  Works  ant>  Ports.  The  Nitrate  association  of 
propaganda  of  Chili,  South  America.  New  York,  William  S.  Meyers, 
representative  for  the  U.  S.  and  Colonies,  n.  d.    Album  of  59  views,    obi. 

COLOMBIA. 

ABABfA,  Hermesia  G6mez  Jaime  de:  Leyendas  y  notas  hist^ricas  por  Herminia 

G^nez  Jaime  deAbadla.    Bogota,  Imprenta  nacional,  1907.    202,(1)  p.    8°. 
Arhbnta,  Antonio  L.:  La  mina  de  sal  gema  de  Zipaquird.    Estudio  relativo  4  la 

exploracidn  cientifica  y  econ6mica  de  este  dep68ito  mineral,  con  apunta- 

ciones  sobre  la  pdUrtica  en  los  pafses  extranjeros  y  algunas  anotaciones 

interesantes.     Por  Antonio  L.   Armenta  .  .  .     Bogota,    Imp.    Colombia, 

1907.    65  p.    8^. 
Bogota.    LawSy  statute$,  etc.:  Colecci6n  de  todos  los  decretos  de  interns  jeneral 

espedidos  por  la  honorable  Cdmara  de  la  Provincia  de  Bogotd,  desde  1832 

en  que  principio  sus  funciones  lasta  1843.     Formada  por  el  gobernador  de 

la  provincia,  Alfonso  Acevedo  Tejada.    Bogota,  Imp.  de  Nicolas  G6mez, 

afiodel844.    various  paging.     8^. 
Colombia.    Lows^  statutes,  etc.:  Actos  lejislativos  del  Congreso  de  los  Estados  Unidos 

de  Colombia  en  sus  sesiones  de  1864.     Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  *'La  Xaci6n," 

[1864].     155,  iv  p.    8^. 
Actos  legislativos  del  Congreso  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  Colombia  en 

sus  sesiones  de  1865,  1866  &  1867.     Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  ''La  Naci6n.'' 

3  V.  in  1.     12*. 
(Lei  84)  C^digo  civil  nacional,  expedido  por  el  Congreso  de  los  Estados 

Unidos  de  Colombia  en  sus  sesiones  de  1873.     Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  Gaitdn, 

1873.     331,  (72)  p.     8*». 
C6digo  de  comercio  de  la  Repliblica  de  Colombia.    Anotado  y  seguido 

de  tres  ap^ndices  .  .  .    Por  Luis  A.  Robles  .  .  .    Bogotd,  Imprenta  de 

•'LaLuz,"  1899.    477  p.     8°. 
C6digo  fiscal  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  Colombia.     Parte  segunda. 

Comprende  las  leyes  que  lo  han  modificado  expedidas  hasta  1881  y  las  del 

ap^ndice  hata  1884.     Edici6n  oficial.     Bogotd,    ImprentA  de   vapor  de 

Zalamea  hermanos,  1884.    484,  cliv  p.    8*. 
C6digo  judicial  nacional  y  leyes  adicionales  y  reformatorias  concordadas 

y  comentadas  por  Manuel  J.  Angarita.     BogoUl,  Imprenta  de  vapor  de 

Zalamea,  1887.    iv,  16,  xli,  231  p.    8*». 

■  Colecci6n  de  las  leyes  dadas  por  el  Congreso  constitucional  de  la  Repli- 


blica de  Colombia  en  las  sesiones  de  los  anos  1825  i  1826.     Bogotd,  Imp. 
de  P.  Cubides,  n.  d.    539,  Ixxxvii,  (1)  p.    8°. 

Constituci6n  i  leyes  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  Colombia,  espedidas  en 

los  afios  de  1863  &  1875.    Tomo  primero  contiene  las  leyes  de  1863  d  1870. 
Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  Medardo  Rivas,  ii,  (5),  724  p.     8®. 

•  Same.    Tomo  segundo  contiene  las  leyes  de  1871  d  1875.     Bogota, 


Imprenta  de  Medardo  Rivas,  1875.     (1),  725-1294  p.    8*. 

•  Recopilaci6n  de  las  leyes  y  disposiciones  vigentes  sobre  tierras  baldfas. 


Bogotd,  Imp.  de  vapor,  1899.     54  p.    8*». 
24181— BuU.  1-08 18 


XIV      INTEENATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE  AMEBICAN  BEPUBU08. 

Colombia.     Laws,  statutes j  etc.:  Relaci6n  final  correspondiente  al  C6digo  judicial 

nacional  (edici6n  de  1887),  per  Manuel  J.  Angarita.    BogoU,  Camacho 

Rolddn  &  Tamayo,  1887.     xv,  154,  (2)  t.  p.,  31  p.    8^. 
MiNisTERio  DB  FoMBNTo  I  Infomie  .  .  .  al  Congreso  de  1888.     .  .  .    BogotA, 

Imprenta  de  A.  M.  Silvestre,  1888.     x,  208,  (1)  p.    4®. 
Memoria  .  .  .  [1884].     Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  Zalamea  hermanos,  18S4, 

139,  282,  14,  iv  p.     4*». 

MiNiSTERio  DE  GoBiBRNo:  Memoria  .  .  .  1883  y  1884.     Bogota.    2  v.    4®. 

MiNiSTERio  DE  GuERRA  Y  Marina:  Memoria  .  .  .  1876,  1881,  1882  y  1883. 

Bogotd.     4  V.    4**. 
MINISTERIO  DE  Hacibnda:  Infomie  .  .  .  1870,  1875,  1883,  1884,  1885  y  1890. 

Bogotd.     6  V.     4**. 

MiNiSTERio  DE  Hacienda  y  Fombnto:  Memoria  .  .  .  1873  y  1880.    2  v.    4®. 

MINISTERIO  DE  In8Trucci6n  PtJblica:  Memoria  .  .  .  1880, 1881, 1882, 1884  y 

1888.     5v.    8^. 

Infonne  .  .  .  1890.    Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  ''La  Luz,"  [1890].    dxx. 


213  p.    4«» 
[ MiNiSTERio  DE  Relaciones  Exteriorbs]:  £1  excmo.  Sefior  Preeidente  de  la 

Repdblica  de  Colombia,  Sefior  General  D.  Rafael  Reyes  y  el  honorable, 

Cuerpo  diplomdtico  en  Bogotd.    Bogotd,   Escuela  tip.  salesiana,   1907. 

[58]  p.    plates.    4«». 
fndice  de  las  piezas  referentes  al  ramo  de  relaciones  exterioreB.    Pabli- 

cadas  en  el  peri6dico  oficial.    £dici6n  oficial.    Bogotd,  Imprenta  nanonal, 

1907.    138  p.    Sf". 

■  Memoria  .  .  .  1882,  1884,  1888,  1890  y  1894.    Bogotd.    6  v.    4». 


* Ministeriodbl  Tesoro:  Memoria  .  .  .  1875, 1884  y  1885.    Bogoti.    3  v.   ^. 

Oficina  de  EstadIstica  Nacional:  Anuario  estadlstica  de  Colombia.    1875. 

Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  Medardo  Rivas,  [1875].    208  p.    4®. 

Solicitudes  sobre  aplazamiento  de  las  elecciones  dirigidas  &  la  Aaamblea 

nacional  constituyente  y  legislativa  al  Poder  ejecutivo,  etc.  [Bogoti], 
Imprenta  de  "El  Correo  nacional,"  1907.    642  p.    8**. 

Cueryo,  Antonio  B.  {comp,):  Colecci6n  de  documentos  in^ditos  sobre  la  geognlia  y 
la  historia  de  Colombia,  recopilados  por  Antonio  B.  Cuervo  .  .  .  Seccidn 
1*.  Geograffa  y  viajes.  Tomo  1.  Costa  AtUntica.  (Impresidn  dirigida  y 
revisada  por  Francisco  Javier  Vergara  V.)  Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  vapor  de 
Zalamea  hermanos,  1891.    555,  (2)  p.    8®. 

CUNDINAMARCA     (EsTADO     DE).      DIRECTOR     DEL     IN8TRUCCI6k     Pl^BUCA.      S^ptimO 

informe  anual  del  Director  de  iiistrucci6n  ptiblica  del  Estado  soberano  de 
Cundinamarca  [1877].  Bogotd,  Imprenta  de  Echeverrla  hermanos,  1878. 
(3),  223  p.    4«». 

Secretario  DB  GoBiERNo:  Mcmoria  que  el  Secretario  de  Gobiemo  dirige  al 

gobcmador  del  Estado  para  la  Asamblea  legislativa  de  1882.  Bogolfty 
Imprenta  de  Medardo  Rivas,  1882.    129,  232,  (1)  p.    ^. 

FoRBRo,  G.:  .  .  .  Notas  Guajiras.  Junio  &  octubre  de  1906.  (Edidones  de  "B 
Promoter.")  Barranquilla,  Imprenta  de  "Los  Andes,"  1907.  85,  (6)  p. 
nar.  8®. 

Great  Britain.    Foreign  Office:  Report  for  the  year  1906  on  the  tiade  and  oooii> 
merce  of  Barranquilla  and  Cartagena.    Edited  at  the  Foreign  oflice  and 
the  Board  of  trade  .  .  .    London,  Harrison  &  Sons,  1907.    20  p.    8P. 
(Dip.  &  cons,  rapts.,  No.  3884.) 

NARif^o  (Dbpartakento  db).    Administrador  Gknbsaji  dkl  TisoRo:  Informe 
del  Administrador  General  del  Tesoro  de  Nariik>  al  Gobeniador  del  Departs 
.'ammto.    F^sto,  Imprenta  del  departamento,  1906..   68  p.    4P« 


UBBABY    ADDITIONS.  XV 

NabiI^o  (Depabtambnto  be).  Memoria  que  el  gobernador  del  Departamento  de 
Narifk)  preeenta  al  Sefior  Minifltro  de  hacienda  y  tesoro  de  Colombia  sobre 
las  oportunidades  para  la  invcr8i6n  de  capitales  extranjeros  en  esta  8ecci6n 
de  la  Reptiblica.     Pasto,  Imprenta  del  departamento,  1907.    32  p.    8®. 

New  Granada.  Laws,  statuteSj  etc.,  Golecci6n  de  las  leyes  y  decretos  expedidos  por 
el  Gongreso  constitucional  de  la  Nueva  Granada  en  el  afio  de  1840.  Bogotd, 
Imp.  por  J.  A.  Cualla.     128  p.     8®. 

Leyes,  decretos  y  actos  leyislativos  expedidos  por  el  Congreso  constitu- 
cional de  la  Nueva  Granada  en  el  afio  de  1851.  Bogotd,  Imprenta  del  neo- 
granadino,  [1851].    215^p.     12*». 

PolanIa,  Juuo  Paboe:  Gula  del  comercio  de  Bogotd  .  .  .  por  Julio  Paige  Polonla. 
Afio  30,  para  1906.  Bogota,  Escuela  tip.  Salesiana,  1905.  112,  (1),  422  p. 
12<>. 

Randolph,  John  C.  F.:  .  .  .  Informes  sobre  las  minas  de  metales  preciosos  ^n  el 
Departamento  del  Tolima.  Por  John  C.  F.  Randolph  .  .  .  Bogotd, 
Imprenta  de  Antonio  Maria  Silvestre,  1889.  xviii,  99,  (1)  p.  maps.  8°. 
(At  head  of  title:  "Hinisterio  de  Fomento.") 

Uribe  Uribe,  Rafael:  Colombia.  Conferencia  cuyo  resumen  fu6  lefdo  ante  la 
Sociedad  de  geografla  de  Rio  de  Janeiro  por  el  General  Rafael  Uribe  Uribe, 
Ministro  de  la  Reptiblica.  El  20  de  julio  de  1907,  aniversario  87<>  de  la 
independencia.  Rfo  de  Janeiro,  Typ.  de  Jomal  do  Commercio,  1907 .  92  p. 
illus.    8^. 

Uricoechea,  Ezequiel:  Memoria  sobre  las  antigliedades  neo-granadinas.  Berlfn, 
F.  Schneider  y  cla.,  1854,     vii,  79,  [1]  p.     8®. 

COSTA  RICA. 

C08TA  Rica.  Departamento  nacional  de  estadfstica:  Secci6n  demogrdfica.  Pobla- 
ci6n  de  la  Reptiblica  al  31  de  diciembre  de  1906.  San  Jos^,  Tip.  nacional, 
1907.    8  p.    4*. 

Laws,  stattUes,  etc.:  .  .  .  C6digo  civil.     San  Jos^,  Imprenta  nacional,  1887. 

(2),  192,  (10)  p.    40. 

MiNiSTBRio  DE  FoMENTo:  Memoria  de  .  .  .  1907.    San  Jos^,  Tip.  nacional, 

1907.    xxxviii,  329  p.    4*». 

MiNiSTBRio  DE  Hactenda  y  Comercio:  Memoria  .  .  .  de  1907.     San  Jos^, 

Tip.  nacional,  1907.     xxviii,  352  p.    4®. 

M1NI8TER10  DE  In8trucci6n  Pi^BucA :  Memoria  de  .  .  .  1907.     San  Jos^,  Tip. 

Narcional.    xxxv,  283  p.    4**. 

M1NI8TER10  DE  Relaciones  Exteriores:   Notas  cruzadas  entre   las  canci- 

Uerlas  de  Costa  Rica  y  Nicaragua  relativas  d  la  abrogaci6n  del  pacto  de 
Corinto  de  20  de  enero  de  1902.     San  Jos6,  Tip.  nacional,  1907.    41  p.     8**. 

Molina,  Felipe:  Costa  Rica  y  Nueva  Granada;  examen  de  la  cuc8ti6n  de  lfmit(*8, 
que  hay  pendiente  entre  las  dos  Reptiblicas  mencionadaa:  con  un  mapa 
y  testimonios  de  los  tltulos  antiguos  de  C-osta  Rica.  Por  Felipe  Molina 
.  .  .    Washington,  Impr.  de  R.  A.  Waters,  1852.    50  p.    fold.  map.     8®. 

Memoir  on  the  boundry  question  pending  between  the  Republic  of  (bsta  Rica 

,  and  the  State  of  Nicaragua;  byF.  Milina  .  .  .  Washington,  Gideon  and  co., 
printers,  1851.    40  p.    map.    8**. 

CUBA. 

HuBKBT  H.  S.:  A  history  of  slavery  in  Cuba  1511  to  1868.  By  Hubert  H.  S. 
Aimes  .  .  .  New  York  and  London,  G.  P.  Putnam's  sons,  1907.  xi, 
298  p.    8». 


XVI     INTBBNATIONAL  BUBBAU   OF   THE   AMBBIOAN   BBFUBLICS. 

Cuba.  Departamento  Nacional  de  Sanidad:  Informe  anual  sanitario  y  demo- 
grdfico  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Cuba  (bajo  la  admini8traci6n  provisioiial  de  los 
Estados  Unidos)  .  .  .    Habana,  1907.     xvi,  162  p.    4*». 

Laws  J  statutes  J  etc.:  Legislaci6n   industrial. — Patentea  de  invenci6n. — ^BCarcas 

de  ttbrica. — Marcas  de  comercio. — Tftidos  industrialee. — Legislaci6n  in- 
ternacionales,  convenios  y  txatados.  Por  Francisco  Grarcla  (jar6^o,  abo- 
gado  y  notario.  Segunda  edici6n.  Habana,  Imprenta  de  Rambla  y  Bouza, 
1907.    226  p.     8°. 

MiNiSTERio  DE  Hacienda:  .  .  .  Consumo  6  importaci6n  de  ganado.     Quin- 

quenio  de  1902-1906.  Riqueza  pecuaria,  1906.  Habana,  Imp.  **La  Ha- 
banera," 1907.     66  p.     diagr.     4''. 

Estadfstica  general.    Comercio  exterior.     Segunda  semestre  de  1905  y 

ano  de  1905.     Habana,  Imp.  *'La  Habanera,"  1907.     177  p.    diagr.     4**. 

: .  .  .  Inmigraci6n  y  movimiento  de  pasajeros  en  1906-1907.     Preparado 

por  la  Secci6n  de  estadfstica  general.  Habana,  Imprenta  de  Rambla  y 
Bouza,  1907.     15  p.     4°. 

Lista  oficial  de  los  buques  mercantes  cubanos.     Mayores  de  15  toneladas, 

correspondientes  k  las  listas  1',  2*,  3*  y  de  los  buques  guarda-costas  de  la 
Repilblica  de  Cuba.  Publicada  por  la  Secretarfa  de  hacienda,  seccidn  de 
aduanas.  Ano  de  1907.  Habana,  Imprenta  ''  La  Habanera,"  1907.  [23]  p. 
4<». 

Produccidn  de  aziicar  en  la  zafra  de  1906-1907  comparada  con  la 


de  1905-1906.  Preparado  por  la  Secci6n  de  estadfstica  general.  Habana, 
Imprenta  de  Rambla  y  Bouza,  1907.  5  p.  4°. 
Treaties,  etc.:  .  .  .  Accession  of  Cuba,  Dominican  Republic,  Hayti  and  Para- 
guay to  the  convention  signed  at  Geneva,  August  22,  1864,  for  the  amelio- 
ration of  the  condition  of  the  wounded  in  armies  in  the  field.  July  6,  1907. 
London,  Harrison  <fe  Sons,  1907.     2  p.     8*>. 

Text  In  French  and  English. 

Treaty  series  No.  20. 

DiHiGO,  Juan  M.  :  Jos6  Ignacio  Rodriguez.     (Contribucion  a  su  biograffa. )     Por  el  Dr. 

Juan  M.  Dihigo  .  .  .     Publicado  en  la  Revista  de  la  Facultad  de  letras  y 

ciencias.     Habana,  Imprenta   avisador    comercial,    1907.     72   p.     front. 

(port.)    8^. 
Garrig5,  Roque  E.:  La  convulsi6n  cubana.     Habana,  Imprenta  *'La  Raz6n,"  1906. 

194,  (1)  p.     12*». 
GiFFORD,  John:  Silvicultural  prospects  of  the  island  of  Cuba.     By  John  Gifford. 

Cover-title,  pp.  177-183.     front.     8®.     (Reprinted  from  "The  Forester," 

vol.  6,  no.  8,  August,  1906.) 
Mart!,  [Jose]:  Cuba.     Washington,  Gonzalo de  Quesada,  editor,  1900.     261  p.     12®. 
Same,     [vol.2.]    Habana,  Gonzalo  de  Quesada,  editor,  1901.     viii,  313 

p.     12^. 
La  edad  de  oro.     Gonzalo  de  Quesada,  editor.     Roma-Torino,  Caaa  editrice 

nazionale,  1905.     261  p.     illus.     12*». 
Matthews,  Franklin:  The  new- bom  Cuba  .  .  .     New  York  and  London,  Harper 

and  brothers,  1899.     xii,  1  I.,  388  p.     11.     illus.     8**. 
O'Hagan,  A[nnie]:  Cuba  at  a  glance  by  A.  O'Hagan  and  E.  B.  Kaufman;  with  an 

introduction  by  President  T.  Estrada  Palma  of  the  Cuban  junta.    New 

York,  R.  H.  Russell,  1898.     107  (1)  p.     map.     12*^. 
P^REZ  Marino,  Luis:  Guide  to  the  materials  for  American  history  in  Cul>an  ar- 
chives.    By  Luis  Marino  P^rez.     Washington,  Published  by  the  Carnegie 

Institution  of  Washington,  July,  1907.     viii,  (2),  142  p.     8**. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XVH 

DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC. 

Gharlbvoiz,  Pibrrb  Francois  Xavier  de:  Histoire  de  Tisle  espagnole,  ou  de  S. 
Domingue.  £crite  particuli^rement  eur  des  m^moires  manuscrlts  du  P. 
Jean-Baptiste  le  Pen,  J^suite,  mifisionnaire  k  Saint  Domingue,  et  sur  lea 
pi^es  originales,  qui  se  conservent  au  D^pdt  de  la  marine.  Par  le  P. 
Pierre  Franyois  Xavier  de  Charlevoix  .  .  .  Paris,  Francois  Didot,  1731. 
2v.    plates,  maps.    4°. 

OouRTNBT,  W.  S.:  The  gold  fields  of  St.  Domingo;  with  a  description  of  the  agricul- 
tural, commercial,  and  other  advantages  of  Dominica.  And  containing 
some  account  of  its  climate,  seasons,  soil,  mountains,  and  its  principal 
cities,  rivers,  bays,  and  harbors.  By  W.  S.  Courtney,  esq.  New  York, 
A.  P.  Norton,  1860.     144  p.     map.     12<>. 

Dominican  Republic.  [Commission  to  the  Jamestown  Exposition]:  Government 
of  the  Dominican  Republic.  Catalogue  of  its  exhibits  at  the  Dominican 
building,  Jamestown  Exposition  grounds,  arranged  by  groups,  departments, 
and  classes  according  to  the  official  classification,  1907.  [Washington, 
W.  F.  Roberts  Company,  1907.]    12  p.    8°. 

Informe  sobre  el  laudo  presentado  al  Congreso  Nacional  en  su  sesi6n  del  15  de 

mayo  de  1905,  por  la  Comision  mixta,  compuesta  de  la  de  Relaciones  ex- 
teriores  y  la  de  Hacienda.  Santo  Domingo,  Imp.  la  Cuna  de  America, 
1907.     250  p.     8°. 

Law8,  statiUes,  etc.:  Translation  of  commercial  laws  in  force  in  Santo  Domingo. 

Compiled  from  the  Official  Gazette.    Washington,  Press  of  W.  F.  Roberts 
company,  1906.    63  p.     8®. 
(Port  &  customs  laws.) 

MiNiSTERio  DE  Hacienda  y  Comercio:  Memoria  con  bus  correspondientes 

anexos  .  .  .  de  hacienda  y  comercio.  Santo  Domingo,  Imp.  I.a  Cuna  de 
America,  1907.     various  paging.     1  vol.    4°. 

[Ministerio  de  Obras  Publicas]:  The  Dominican  Republic.     Published  by 

the  direction  of  the  Department  of  promotion  and  public  works  for  the 
Jamestown  Ter-Centennial  exposition,  1907.  [Washington,  Byron  S. 
Adams.]    Half-title.     98  p.     8°. 

TreaiieSy  etc.:  .  .  .  Accession  of  Cuba,  Dominican  Republic,  Hayti,  and  Para- 
guay to  the  convention  signed  at  Geneva,  August  22, 1864,  for  the  ameliora- 
tion of  the  condition  of  the  wounded  in  armies  in  the  field.    July  6,  1907. 
London,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907.     2  p.     8°. 
(Text  in  French  &  English.)    (Treaty  series  no.  20.) 

Inbtituto  Profesional  de  Santo  Domingo:  Anales  del  Institute  .  .  .  Afio 
acad6mico  de  1904  &  1905.     Santo  Domingo,  Imprenta  *'Flor  de  Ozama,'* 

1906.  61  p.     8°. 

Planas  SuArez,  Simon:  Derecho  internacional  privado  .  .  .  por  Doctor  Sim6n 
Planas  Sudrez  .  .  .  Santo  Domingo.  Imprenta  de  Garcfa  hermanos,  1907. 
58  p.    8**. 

ECUADOR. 

Camara  db  Comercio,  Aoricultura  t  Industrias  de  Quito:  Memoria  .  .  .  de 

1907.  Quito,  Imp.  de  **E1  Comercio,*'  1907.     53  p.     8°. 

Campos,  Francisco:  Compendio  hist<5rico  de  Guayaquil  desde  su  fundacidn  basta 
el  afio  de  1820,  por  Francisco  Campos.  Guayaquil,  Imp.  de  la  Escuela  de 
artes  y  oficioe  de  la  S.  Filantropica,  1894.     252  p.     8°. 

Campos,  Josi  Antonio:  Rayos  cat61icos  y  fuegos  fatuos  por  Jos^  Antonio  Campos. 
Guayaquil,  Imprenta  mercantil,  1906.    iv,  315  p.    8". 


XVin        INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBIJCS. 

Destruge,  Gamilo:  Album  biogr&fico  ecuatoriano.  For  Gamilo  Destnige.  Tomos 
4<fe5.    Guayaquil,  "El  Vigilante/U904-6.    2  v.    8^. 

La  expedici6n  Flores.  Proyecto  de  Monarqufa  americana,  1846-47.  Guaya- 
quil, Imp.  de  "El  Tiempo,*'  1906.    iv,  55  p.    8®. 

Ecuador  :  Contxatos  del  ferrocarril  de  Guayaquil  d  Quito.  Quito,  Lnprenta  nacional, 
1906.     cover  title    Sip.    8®. 

Dirbcci5n  General  de  Obras  PiJblicas:  Informe  .  .  .    Quito,  Imprenta 

nacional,  1906.     cover  title.     32  p.    4®. 

Laws,  statutes,  etc.:  Indice  de  un  ensayo  de  recopilaci6n  de  la  legifllaci6n 

ecuatoriana  por  A.   B.   Serrano.    Guayaquil,  Tip.   "Guayaquil,"  1899. 
152,  (3)  p.     8*». 

.  .  .  Decreto  supremo  de  31  de  octubre  de  1907  ordenando  una  gran 

expo6ici6n  nacional  en  Quito  para  el  10  de  agoeto  de  1909.    Quito,  Imp. 
nacional,  1907.     14  p.    8*». 

(  At  head  of  title:  *  *  Primer  oentenario  del  primer  grito  de  la  independencU  de  la  America 
dado  en  Quito  el  10  de  agosto  de  1809.'') 

Mensaje  del  Presidente  .  .  .  junio  10  de  1892.    Quito,   Imprenta  del 

gobiemo.  [1892].    52  p.    4°. 

Same.     Quito,  Imprenta  del  gobiemo,  [1894].    58,  (1)  p.    4**. 

Ministerio  de  Guerra  y  Marina:  Memorias  de  1894,  1896,  1899,  &  1906. 

Quito.    4  V.    4**. 
Ministerio  de   Hacienda:  Informee  .  .  .  de  1894,   1899,  &   1906.    Quito, 

Imprenta  nacional.    4  v.    4®. 
Ministerio  de  Instrucci6n  PiJblica,  Correos  t Tel^orafos,  etc.:  Memoria 

.  .  .  de  1906.    Quito,  Tip.  de  la    Escuela  de  artes  y  oficios.    various 

paging.     1  vol.    4°. 
Ministerio  de  lo  Interior  y  PoLicfA,  Obras  Publicas,  Ac:  Informe  .  .  . 

de  1906.     Quito,  Imprenta  nacional.     xxvii,  74  p.    4**. 

Same.     Anexoe.     1906.     Quito,  Imprenta  nacional.     77-209  p.    4®. 


Ministerio  de  lo  Interior  y  Relaciones  Exteriorbs:  Informe  .  .  .  de 

1894.     Quito,  Imprenta  del  gobiemo  [1884].     n.  p.      [1  vol.].    4°. 
Ministerio  DE  Obras  Y  Cr^dito  PiJblico:  Informe  del  Ministro  .  .  .  alCon- 

groflo  constitucional  de  1894.     Quito,  Imprentas  del  clero  [1894].     various 

paging.     [1  vol.]    4°. 
Khtkvks,  Juan  Horacio:  .  .  .  Discurso  del  Doctor  Juan  Horacio  Beeves,  delegado 

del  Ecuador  [d  la  Tercera  convenci6n  sanitaria  intemacional  de  las  Reptib- 

licaa  Americanas].     M6xico,  Imp.  y  enc.  de  Jcsds  Rico,  1907.     3  p.     8®. 
Informe  del  Doctor  Juan  Horacio  Esteves,  delegado  del  Ecuador  d  la  Tercera 

convenci6n  sanitaria  intemacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas.    Mexico, 

Imp.  y  enc.  de  Jesds  Rico,  1907.     6  p.     4**. 
Guayaquil.    Junta  de  Beneficencia:  Memoria  presentada  por  el  director  .  .  . 

d  la  Junta  general.     Correspond iente  al  ano  de  1905  &  1906.     Guayaquil, 

Tip.  y  lit.  de  la  Sociedad  filantnSpica  del  Guayas,  1906-7.    2  pamps.    4*. 
Laws,  statutes,  etc. :  Cart  ilia  y  reglamento  para  los  agentes  de  policfa  municipal. 

Aprobado  por  el  1°  Concejo  en  se8i6n  del  18  de  agosto  de  1906.     Guayaquil, 

Imp.  de  **E1  Tiempo,"  1907.     61  p.     nar.  12^. 
(Municipaudad):  Collecci6n  de  leyes,  decretos,  ordenanzas,  resoluciones  y 

contratoe  .  .  .  1904  &  1905.     Guayaquil,  1904-5.    2  v.    8*. 
Guayas.    Intbndencia   General   de    PoucIa:  Boletfn   de   informacidn  .  .  .  dri 

Guayas.    [A  directory.]    Guayaquil,  Tall,  de  policfa,  1906.     159  (5)  p. 

table.    8^. 
HoMENAJE  AL  CuERPO  DE  BoMBEROs  por  8U  henSico  comportamiento  en  el  incoMiio 

del  19  de  enero  de  1906.    Guayaquil,  Imprenta  mercantile  1906.    xvi  p.   8^. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XIX 

MABTiNEZ,  Luis  A:  La  agriciiltura  ecuatoriana.    Ambato.  Imprenta  comercial  de 
S.  R.  Porras,  1903.    376,  (2)  p.     8°. 
(At  head  of  title:  "  Lab  A.  Martinez.") 

Savillb,  Marshall  H.:  .  .  .  The  antiquities  of  Manabi,  Ecuador.  A  preliminary 
report.  By  Marshall  H.  Saville  .  .  .  New  York,  Irving  Press,  1907. 
(2),  135  p.    Lv  plates.    4«>. 

(At  head  of  title:  "Contributions  to  South  American  archaeology,  the  George  O. 
Heye  expedition.") 

SiMSON,  Alfred:  Travels  in  the  wilds  of  Ecuador,  and  the  exploration  of  the  Putu- 
mayo  River.  By  Alfred  Simson.  London,  S.  Low,  Marston,  Searle  and 
Rivington,  1886?    v.  270  p.     map.     12*». 

FRANCE. 

Chambrb  de  Commerce  de  Paris:  Compte-rendu  des  travaux  de  la  Chambre  de  com- 
merce de  Paris.  Ann^e  1906.  Paris,  Imprimerie  Motteroz  et  Martinet, 
1907.    652  p.    4^ 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Great  Brttaik.    Annual  statement  of  the  navigation  and  shipping  of  the  United 

Kingdom  for  the  year  1906.     London,  Wyman  and  sons,  1907.     viii,  364  p. 

4<». 
Statistical  abstract  for  the  United  Kingdom  in  each  of  the  last  fifteen  years 

from  1892  to  1906.     London,  Wyman  and  sons,  1907.     vii,  383  p.     8°. 
Statistical  abstract  for  the  principal  and  other  foreign  countries  in  each  year 

from  1895  to  1904-5  (as  far  as  particulars  can  be  stated).     33rd  number. 

London,  Wyman  and  sons,  1907.     379  p.     8**. 

GUATEMALA. 

Brinoham,  WnjJAM  T.:  Guatemala:  the  land  of  the  quetzal;  a  sketch  by  William 
T.  Bringham,  A.  M.  New  York,  C.  Scribner's  Sons,  1887.  xv,  453  p. 
illus.,  maps.     8®. 

Fuentbs  t  GuzmAn,  Francisco  Antonio  de:  .  .  .  Historia  de  Guatemala;  6, 
Recordaci6n  florida;  escrita  el  siglo  xvu  por  el  Capitdn  D.  Francisco 
Antonio  de  Fuentes  y  GuzmAn  .  .  .  que  publica  por  primera  vez  con 
notas  6  ilustraciones  D.  Justo  Zaragoza  .  .  .  Madrid,  L.  Navarro,  1882-83. 
2  V.     map.     8®. 

Great  Britain.     Foreign  Office:  Report  for  the  year  1906  on  the  trade  of  the 
consular  district  of  Quezaltenango.     Edited  at  the  Foreign  office  and  the 
Board  of  trade  .  .  .     London,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907.     7  p.     8°. 
(Dip.  &  cons,  repts.,  ann.  ser.  3890.) 

Guatemala.  Album  de  Minerva.  Alio  7,  1907.  Guatemala,  Tip.  naoional,  [1907]. 
110  p.  illus.,  front,  (port).    4*». 

MiNiSTERio  DE  Fomento:  Mcmoria  .  .  .  de  1907.     Guatemala,  Tip.  nacional, 

[1907].     136  p. 

QuESADA,  Ernesto:  Un  escritor  guatemaltecx):  Antonio  Batres  Jduregui.  De  la 
revista  "Ideas"  de  octubre  1904.  Buenos  Aires,  J.  Men^ndez,  1904. 
48  p.    8^. 

PoiRiER,  Eduardo:  Actuaci6n  de  la  Republica  de  Guatemala  en  la  America  Central. 
Trabajo  presentado  al  Tercer  Congreso  Cientffico  Latino-Americano  de 
Rio  de  Janeiro  por  Eduardo  Poirier.  .  .  .  Rio  de  Janeiro,  agosto  6  de 
1905.    Valparaiso,  Imp.  y  lit.  Gustavo  Weidman,  1905.    33  p.     8®. 

Higiene  y  salubridad.  Trabajo  presentado  al  Tercer  Congreso  Medico  Latino- 
Americano  de  Montevideo  por  Eduardo  Poirier  .  .  .  Montevideo  ^  \fiAru^ 
17  de  1907.    Santiago,  Imprenta  y  encuaderaac\6ii  CViVVe,  \Wi .    7&  ^ .    ^  . 


XX       INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OP   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

PoiRiER,  Eduardo:  Informe  presentado  &  S.  E.  el  sefior  ....  Ministro  de  Relft- 
ciones  Exteriores  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Guatemala  acerca  de  lo6  trabajos  del 
Segundo  Congreso  Medico  Latino- Americano  de  Buenos  Aires,  per  Eduardo 
Poirier  .  .  .  Valparaiso,  mayo  5  de  1904.  Santiago,  Imprenta  y  encuader- 
naci6n  Chile,  1906.     84  p.     8**. 

Stoll,  Otto:  Zur  Ethnographie  der  Republik  Guatemala.  Von  Otto  Stoll.  ZQrich, 
Druck  von  Orell  Fttssli  &  Cx).,  1884.     ix,  175,  (1)  p.     table,  map.     8®. 

HAITI. 

Brown,  J.:  The  history  and  present  condition  of  St.  Domingo.  By  J.  Brown  .  .  . 
Philadelphia,  W.  Marshall  and  Co.,  1837.     2  v.    12*». 

GuiLLERMiN,  Gilbert:  Journal  historique  de  la  revolution  de  la  partie  de  Test  de 
Saint  Domingue,  commence  le  10  aoAt  1808,  avec  des  notes  statistiques  sur 
cette  partie.  Par  Gilbert  Guillermin  .  .  .  Philadelphia,  P.  M.  Lafour- 
cade,  1810.     3  p.  1.,  xii,  314  [2J  p.     front,  (port.),  tables.     8<». 

Treaties^  etc.:  .  .  .  Accession  of  Cuba,  Dominican  Republic,  Hayti  and  Para- 
guay to  the  convention  signed  at  Geneva,  August  22, 1864,  for  the  ameliora- 
tion of  the  condition  of  the  wounded  in  armies  in  the  field.    July  6,  1907. 
London,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907.     2  p.     8®. 
(Text  in  French  «k  English.) 
(Treaty  series  no.  20.) 

Leger,  J.  N.:  Haiti:  her  history  and  her  detractors.  By  J.  N.  L^er,  Envoy  extraor- 
dinary and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  Haiti  in  the  United  States.  New  York 
and  Washington,  The  Neale  Publishing  Company,  1907.  372  p.  front., 
iUus.     8^ 

Same.     [French  trs.]    411  p.     front.,  illus.     8**. 

Life  and  Military  Achievements  op  Toussaint  Loverture,  late  general  in  chief 
of  the  armies  of  St.  Domingo  from  the  year  1792  until  the  arrival  of  General 
Le  Clerc,  with  an  impartial  account  of  his  political  conduct  ...  to  which 
is  added  a  .  .  .  description  ...  of  General  Le  Clerc  .  .  .  alao  his  suc- 
cessor .  .  .  [to]  1803.  Second  ed.  Printed  for  the  author,  1806.  64  p. 
8*>. 

MossELL,  C.  W.:  Toussaint  I'Ouverture,  the  hero  of  Saint  Domingo,  soldier,  statesman, 
martyr;  or,  Hayti's  struggle,  triumph,  independence,  and  achievements 
.  .  .  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  Ward  and  Cobb,  1896.  xxx,  [31]-485  p.  fn»nt., 
illus.,  map.     8°. 

Redpath,  James:  A  guide  to  Hayti.  Ed.  by  James  Red  path.  10th  thousand.  Bos- 
ton, Haytian  bureau  of  emigration,  1861.  180  p.  front,  (port.),  illus., 
map.     12*». 

St.  John,  Spenser:  Hayti  or  the  Black  Republic.  By  Sir  Spenser  St.  John  .  .  . 
2nd  ed.     New  York,  Scribner  &  Welford,  1889.     xxiv,  389  p.     map.     8**. 

WiMPPFEN,  Francois  A.  S.:  A  voyage  to  Saint  Domingo,  in  the  years  1788,  1789,  and 
1790.  By  Francis  Alexander  Stanislaus,  baron  de  Wimpffen.  Translated 
from  the  original  manuscript,  which  has  never  been  published,  by  J. 
Wright  .  .  .  Ix)ndon,  Printed  for  T.  Cadell,  junior,  and  W.  Davies  [etc.] 
1797.     1  p.  1.,  xviii,  371  p.     map.     S°. 

HONDURAS. 

Honduras.  Laudo  pronunciado  por  S.  M.  el  Rey  de  Espafia  en  la  cuestion  de  If  mites 
entre  las  Repdblicas  de  Honduras  y  Nicaragua,  precedido  de  una  reftefia 
del  acto  de  su  entrega  oficial,  de  las  alocuciones  pronunciadas  en  ^1  y  del 
decreto  no.  18  expedido  por  el  Poder  Ejecutivo.  Tegucigalpa,  Tip.  ta- 
ciooal,  1907.    31  p.    8*. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS,  XXI 

Lbmus,  M[anuel}:  Breve  noticia  sobre  Honduras;  datos  geogrdficoe,  estadfsticoe  6 
informaciones  prdcticas.  [Por]  M.  Lemus  y  H.  G.  Bourgeois  .  .  .  Tegu- 
cigalpa, Tip.  nacional,  1897.    46  p.     8^. 

Squier,  E.  G:  Honduras  interoceanic  railway.  Preliminary  report  by  E.  G.  Squier. 
.  .  .     New  York,  Rubbs,  Nesmith  &  Teall,  1854.     63  p.     maps.    S^. 

Yallejo,  Antonio  R.:  Gompendio  de  la  historia  social  y  polftica  de  Honduras, 
aumentada  con  los  principales  acontecimientos  de  Centro-Am^rica  para 
uflo  de  los  colegios  de  2*  ensefianza  de  la  Repdblica  de  Honduras.  Por 
Antonio  R.  Vallejo.  Tomo  1.  Tegucigalpa,  Tip.  nacional,  1882.  444, 
(l)p.     4«. 

MEXICO. 

Caballero,  Manuel:  Primer  almanaque  hi8t6rico,  artfstico  y  monumental  de  la 
Reptiblica  Mexicana  [1883-1884],  publicado  por  Manuel  Caballero  .  .  . 
con  la  colaboraci6n  de  los  Sefiores  Ignacio  M.  Altamirano,  Mariano  Barcena 
.  .  .  y  otroe  distinguidos  literates.  Datos  estadlsticos  de  fuentes  oficiales 
.  .  .  [Mexico,  Nueva  York,  The  CM.  Green  printing  co.,  1883.]  vi, 
[2],  377  p.    iUus..,  port.,  tables,  diagrs.,  map.     4°. 

Carvajal,  E.  Lav  alls:  .  .  .  Tabaco,  tabacomania,  tabaquismo.  (Revista  com- 
pendiada.)  Con  una  carta-pr61ogo  del  Sr.  Dr.  D.  Eduardo  Liceaga  .  .  . 
Mexico,  Imp.  de  la  Secretarfa  de  fomento,  1907.     188  p.    8®. 

[Cextro  AoRicoLA  i  Industrial  Potosino]:  Rules  for  the  admission  of  articles  to  be 
exhibited,  the  ground  which  the  exhibitors  may  occupy,  the  installation 
and  care  of  the  exhibition  and  concourses  of  cattle.  San  Luis  Potosf,  Tip. 
de  la  E.  I.  militar  dirigida  por  Aurelio  B.  Cortes,  1907.    21  p.     12^. 

Clausbret,  G.:  Mexico  and  the  solidarity  of  nations.  By  General  G.  Clusert. 
New  York,  Blackwell,  printer,  1866.     109  p.     8**. 

Cortes,  Hernando:  Historia  de  M^jico,  escrita  por  .  .  .  Hernan  Cortes,  aumentada 
con  otroe  documentos  y  notas,  por  D.  Francisco  Antonio  Lorenzana. 
Revisada  y  adaptada  d  la  ortograffa  moderna  por  D.  Manuel  del  Mar. 
Nueva  [?]  York,  White,  Gallaher  y  White,  1828.  110,  vi,  [7]-614  p.  front. 
plates.    8**. 

Butterfield,  Carlos:  United  States  and  Mexican  mail  steamship  line,  and  statis- 
tics of  Mexico.  By  Carlos  Butterfield  .  .  .  New  York,  J.  A.  H.  Has- 
brouck  &  CO.,  printers,  1860.     109,159  p.     plan,  map.     8°. 

EchevbrrIa  y  YeytiAj  Mariano  Fernandez  de:  Los  calendarios  mexicanos  por 
Mariano  Fernandez  de  Echeverrfa  y  Veytia.  Edicion  del  Museo  nacional 
de  Mexico.  Mexico,  Tip.  y  tal.  de  fotograbado  del  Museo  nacional,  1907. 
xi,  62,  (1)  p.    plates,    f*. 

[FoLSOM,  George]:  Mexico  in  1842;  a  description  of  the  country,  its  natural  and 
political  features;  with  a  sketch  of  its  history  brought  down  to  the  present 
year.  To  which  is  added  an  account  of  Texas  and  Yucatan,  and  of  the 
Santa  F^  expedition  .  .  .  [anon.].  New  York,  C.  J.  Folsom  [eUr.],  1842. 
256  p.    front,  (map).     16°. 

G.,  S.  M.:  Relaci6n  de  las  ceremonias  y  ritos  y  poblacion  ygobernaci6n  de  los  indios 
de  la  provincia  de  Mechuacan,  hecha  al  Senor  Don  Antonio  de  Mendoza, 
virrey  y  gobemador  de  esta  Nueva  Espana  por  S.  M.  G.    Morelia,  Tip.  de 
Alfonso  Arag6n,  1903.     299  p.     illus.     8°. 
(Incomplete.) 

[Galindo  y  Villa,  Jesi^s]:  Ciudad  de  Mexico.    Mexico,  Imp.  de  la  Secretarfa  de 
fomento,  1906.     149  p.     22  plates,     obi.  8<». 
(Text  in  English  and  Spanish.) 

GabcIa,  Gbnabo  (ed,):  ...  El  clero  de  Mexico  durante   la  dominacion  espailola 
0eg6n  el  archivo  indeito  archiepiscopal  metropolitano.    Mexico,  Librerfa 
de  la  Vda.  de  Ch.  Bouret,  1907.    viii,  269  p.    12°. 
(Tomo  15:  '^DoeammtoB  pan  ia,  historia  de  Mexico.") 


XXII    INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

GarcIa,  Genaro  (ed,):    .  .  .  Correspondoncia  secreta  de  loe  principales  iuterven- 
cionistas  mexicanos.    Tercera  y  dltima  parte.    Historia  del  proyecto  del 
concordato  mexicano  y  documentos  sobre  la  reforma  6  inva8i6ii  franoesa. 
Mexico,  Ch.  Bouret,  1907.     316,  (4)  p.     12*». 
(Tomo  13:  "  Dooumentos  para  la  hlstoria  de  Mexico.") 

...  La  intervencidn  francesa  en  Mexico  segdn  el  archivo  del  MariBcal  Bazaine. 

Mexico,  Librerfa  de  la  Vda.  de  Ch.  Bouret,  1907.     283  p.     12®. 
(Tomo  14:  "  Documentos  indditos  6  muy  raros  para  la  hlstoria  de  lC6zioo.") 

Great  Britain.    Foreign  office:  .  .  .  Memorandum  on  Mexican  imports  from  United 
Kingdom  and  Germany.    Edited  at  the  Foreign  office  and  Board  of  trade 
.  .  .     London,  Harrison  &  eons,  1907.     38  p.     8**. 
(Dip.  &  cons,  repts.,  misc.  ser.  no.  602.) 

Report  for  the  year  1906  on  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Mexico.    Ekiited 


at  the  Foreign  office  and  the  Board  of  trade  .  .  .  London,  Harrison  A  sons, 
1907.    68  p.    8^. 

(Dip.  &  cons,  repts.,  ann.  ser.  no.  3888.) 

HoLHS,  Percy  G.  {comp.):  The  directory  of  agencies,  mines  and  haciendas,  1905-1906. 
Published  by  P.  G.  Holms.  .  .  .  Compiled  by  Percy  G.  Holms.  Mex- 
ico, American  book  and  printing  oo. ,  1905.     368,  [4]  p.    8*. 

Kendall,  John  S.:  Seven  Mexican  cities.  By  John  S.  Kendall.  New  Orleans, 
Picayune  job  print,  1906.     63  p.     illus.     8*». 

[Lafbagua,  Josi^  MarIa]:  Memorandum  des  n^gociations  pendantes  entre  le  Mexique 
et  TEspagne,  pr^sent^  k  S.  Ex.  M.  le  Ministre  d'Etat  par  le  repr^aentant 
de  la  R^publique  le  28  juillet  1857.  Poissy,  Typ.  de  J.  Arbieu,  1857. 
2  p.  1.,  365  p.     8*». 

Lb6n  y  Gama,  Antonio  d£:  Descripci6n  hist6rica  y  cronol6gica  de  las  dos  piedras 
que  con  ocasi6n  del  nueva  empedrado  que  estd  formando  en  la  plaza  prin- 
cipal de  Mexico,  se  hallaron  en  ella  en  aflo  de  1790  .  .  .  Por  Don  Antonio 
de  Le6n  y  Gama  .  .  .  Segunda  edici6n.  Mexico,  Imprenta  del  ciuda- 
dano  Alejandro  Vald^s,  1832.     viii,  148  p.     8**. 

LiCEAOA,  Eduardo:  Excitativa  para  combatir  la  tuberculosis  por  el  Dr.  Eduardo 
Liceaga.     Mexico,  A.  Oarranza  y  comp.,  1907.     20  p.     8®. 

Logan,  Walter  S.:  The  siege  of  Cuautla,  the  Bunker  Hill  of  Mexico.  An  address 
before  the  New  York  historical  society,  April  4th,  1893  .  .  .  New  York, 
Knickerbocker  press,  1893.     27  p.     8**. 

L6pez-Portillo  y  Rojas,  Jos^:  La  raza  indigena.  Breves  reflexiones.  Mexico. 
Imprenta  Mariano  Viamonte,  1904.     59  p.     8**. 

Mariscal,  Ionacio:  Don  Nicolds  Bravo,  6  Clemencia  Mexicana.  Drama  en  tree 
actos  y  en  verso.  Fundado  en  un  hecho  hist6rico,  por  Ignacio  Mariscal 
.  .  .    M6xico,  Oficina  tip.  de  la  Secretaria  de  fomento,  1895.     82  p.     8*. 

MEXICO.  CoNSEJo  Superior  de  Salubridad:  Boletfn  del  Consejo  superior  de  salu- 
bridad.  Mexico,  A.  Carranza  y  comp..  julio  31  de  1906  k  junio  30  de 
1907.     vol.  12.     Bound  in  1  v.     8**. 

Memoria  dv  los  trabajos  ejecutados  por  el  Consejo  superior  de  salubridad 

en  el  aflo  de  1906.  Mexico,  Imprenta  de  A.  Carranca  y  comp.,  1906. 
187  p.    4°. 

Delegation  to  the  Third  International  Sanitary  Convention:  Bubonic 

plague.  Report  presented  ...  in  compliance  with  the  piovifltons  of 
article  1  (paragraph  A)  of  the  provisional  programme.  Mexico,  A.  Canmnaa 
y  comp.     1907.    8  p.     8®. 

" International  sanitary  police.     Report  .  .  .    Mexico,  A.  Carrania  y 

comp.,  1907.    6  p.    8®. 

Malaria.    Report  .  .  .    Mexico,  A.  Carranza  y  comp.,  1907.    6  p.    8*. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XXIII 

Mexico.     Dbleoatiok   to  the  Third    International    Sanitary  Convention: 
Typhus  fever.    Report  .  .  .  Mexico,  A.  Carranzaycomp.,  1907.     5  p.    8°. 

Yellow  fever.     Report  .  .  .     Mexico,  Imp.  de  A.  Carranza  y  comp., 

1907.    6  p.    8*. 

(Library  also  baa  each  of  these  pamphlets  in  Spanish.) 

Direcci6n  General  de  Correos:  La  primera  piedra  de  la  nueva  casa  de 

correoe  de  la  Ciudad  de  Mexico  fu6  colocada  el  14  de  septiembro  de  1902 
...  La  inauguraci6n  solemne  del  edificio  y  de  los  servicios  en  ^1  insta- 
lados  se  efectu6  el  17  de  febrero  de  1907  ...  No  imprint.  28  p.  17 
plates.    8®. 

DiREca6N  General  de  Estadistica:  Censo  y  divisi6n  territorial  del  Estado 

de  Oaxaca  verificados  en  1900.  Mexico,  Imp.  y.  fot.  de  la  Secretarfa  de 
fomento,  1906.     2  v.    4**. 

'- —  .  .  .  Estado  de  Guerrero  verificado  en  1900.     Mexico,  Imp.  y  fot.  de 

la  Secretarfa  de  fomento,  1905.     214,  47  p.     4°. 

Law9,  statutes,  etc.:  Boletfn  de  las  leyes  del  Imperio  Mexicano,  6  sea  Codigo 

de  la  reBtauraci6n.  Colecci6n  completa  do  las  leyes  y  demds  disposiciones 
dictadas  por  la  intervencion  francesa,  por  el  Supremo  podor  ojucutivo 
provisional  y  por  el  Imperio  Mexicano;  con  un  ap6ndice  de  los  docum(»ntos 
oficiales  m^  notables  y  curiosos  de  la  ^poca,  publicado  por  Jos^  Sol)astian 
Segura.  Mexico,  Imp.  literaria,  1863.  2  v.  8**. 
(Years:  May,  1863,  to  May.  1864.) 

El  impuesto  del  timbre.     Compilaci6n  de  las  leyes,  providenciavS  y  r(»so- 

lucionesadministrativas  vigentes  hasta  el  31  de  marzo  de  1900.     Conformo  a 
las  cuales  se  causa  dicho  en  actos,  documentos,  contra tos  y  operaciones. 
Formada  por  Manuel  Necoechea  y  revisada  por  la  Secretarfa  de  hacienda. 
Mexico,  Tip.  de  la  Oficina  impresora  del  timbre,  1900.     92,  (2)  p.     8°. 
Recopilaci6n  de  leyes,  decretos,  bandos,  reglamentos,  circulares  y  pro- 


videncias  de  ...  los  Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos  .  .  .  Comprende  este 
tomo  los  meses  de  agosto  &  diciembre  de  1833.  Mexico,  J.  M.  Fernandez 
de  Lara,  1835.    629,  [31]  p.    8^ 

Ministerio  de  Fomento.  Colonizaci6n,  Industria  y(Jomercia:  Memoria  .  .  . 

correspondiente  i,  los  afios  de  diciembre  de  1877  d  diciembre  de  1882. 
Mexico,  Oficina  tip.  de  la  Secretarfa  de  fomento,  1885.     3  v.     4°. 

Nun6,  Jaime:  Mexico's  national  hymn.  By  Jaime  Nuno.  Mexico,  Publi.shed  l>y 
Sonera  News  co.    2  p. 

Obtboa.  jESiis  Gonzales:  The  Presidency  of  Mexico.  Protest  of  General  Jesiis  (Jon- 
zales  Ortega,  president  of  the  supreme  court  of  justice,  against  the  decrees 
of  Seftor  Benito  Juarez,  ex-President  of  thc^  Mexican  Republic,  issued 
November  8th,  1865,  and  his  address  to  the  Mexican  nation,  to  which  are 
appended  letters  in  ratification  of  his  position.  New  York,  RuFiseirs 
American  steam  printing  house  presses,  1866.     88  p.     8°. 

Qter^aro.  Laws,  statutes,  etc.:  Leyde  instrucci6n  en  el  Colegio  Civil  del  Estado. 
Enero  15  de  1899.     caption-title.     14  p.     8°. 

Ley  de  instrucci6n  preparatoria  y  profesional.     Queretaro.   Imp.  de 

Luciano  Frias  y  Soto.  1896.     12  p.     8°. 

Robinson,  William  Davis:  Memoirs  of  the  Mexican  revolution,  including  a  narrative 
of  the  expedition  of  General  Xavier  Mina.  With  some  observationn  on  the 
practicability  of  opening  a  commerce  between  the  Pacific  and  .Vtlantic 
oceans,  through  the  Mexican  isthmus  in  the  province  of  Oaxaca,  and  at 
the  Lake  of  Nicaragua;  and  the  future  importance  of  such  commerce  .  .  . 
eBpecially  to  the  United  States.  By  William  Davis  Robinson.  Philadel- 
phia, [Printed  for]  The  author,  1820.    xxxvi,  396  p.    8^. 


XXIV       INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   ABCEBICAK   BEPUBUOS. 

Romero,  Josi^:  Alocuci6n  pronunciada  con  motivo  de  la  moci6n  presentada  &  efecto 
de  nombrar  socio  honorario  de  la  Sociedad  mexicana  de  geografia  y  esta- 
dfstica  al  Hon.  Elihu  Root,  Secretario  de  Estado  de  loe  Estados  Unidos  de 
America,  en  la  sesi6n  que  tuvo  lugar  el  5  de  septiembre  de  1907  por  el 
socio  Jos^  Romero  y  el  acuerdo  que  recayo.  M6xico,  Tip.  de  la  Viuda 
de  F.  Dfaz  de  Le6n,  1907.     15  p.    8<>. 

Romero,  [Matias]:  The  situation  of  Mexico.  Speech  delivered  by  Sefior  Romero 
...  at  a  dinner  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  16th  of  December,  1863. 
New  York,  Wm.  C.  Bryant  &  co.,  1864.     12  p.    8**.       , 

ScHROEDER,  Seaton:  The  fall  of  Maximilian^s  empire  as  seen  from  a  United  States 
gunboat.  By  Seaton  Schroeder,  lieut.  U.  S.  N.  New  York  &  London, 
G.  P.  Putnam's  sons,  1887.     iv,  (1)  130  p.     front,  (port.).    S^, 

Seler,  Eduard:  Gesammelte  Abhandlungen  zur  Amerikanischen  Sprach-und  Alter- 
thumskunde  von  Eduard  Seler.  Zweiter  Band:  Zur  Gescltichte  und 
Volkskunde  Mexico's.  Reisewege  und  Ruinen.  Archaologisches  auB 
Mexiko.  Die  religiosen  Gesange  der  alten  Mexikaner.  .  .  .  Berlin,  A. 
Asher  &  co.,  1904.     xxxvi,  1107  p.     8°. 

SoNNESCHMiD,  Federico:  Tratado  de  la  amalgamaci6n  de  Nueva  Espafia.  Esciito 
por  Don  Federico  Sonneschmid  y  sacado  i  luz  por  D.  J.  M.  F.  Paris, 
Galerfa  de  Bossange,  1825.     viii,  (4),  160  p.     12*». 

Stephan,  Charles  H.:  Le  Mexique  6conomique.  Renseignements  pratiques  et 
utiles  k  I'usage  des  industriels,  capitalistes,  agriculteurs,  n^gociants,  im- 
portateurs,  exportateurs  et  des  travailleurs.  Par  Charles  H.  Stephan  .  .  . 
3-  Edition.     Paris,  Chevalier  &  Riviere,  1905.    270  p.     8**. 

Stone,  Charles  P. :  Notes  on  the  state  of  Sonora.  By  Charles  P.  Stone,  1860.  Wash- 
ington, Henry  Polkinhorn,  printer,  1861.     28  p.     8^. 

Tellez  Pizarro,  Mariano:  Estudio  sobre  cimientos  para  los  edificioe  de  la  ciudad 
de  Mexico.  Por  el  ingeniero  civil  y  arquitecto  Mariano  Tellez  Pizarro 
.  .  .  Mexico,  Tip.  de  la  Direcci6n  de  telegr&fos  federales,  1907.  29 
p.     8o. 

La  ''Union  Ibero- Americana "  en  Mexico.  12  de  octubre  de  1887  .  .  .  Mexico, 
Tip.  de  la  ''Revista  Latino-Americana,"  1887.    258,  (1)  p.    8®. 

NICARAGUA. 

Alfaro,  Prudencio:  Maniliesto.  Prudencio  Alfaro.  A  los  Salvadorefios.  Managua, 
Companfa  tip.  internacional,  1907.     18  p.     cover-title.     8®. 

[Altamirano,  Adolfo]:  Por  Nicaragua.  Por  el  partido  liberal.  Por  el  Gral.  Zelaya. 
11  de  Julio  de  1904.    Managua,  Tip.  nacional,  [1904].     76  p.     cover-title. 

Bermudez,  Alejandro:  Conclusion  6  inauguraci6n  del  Ferrocarril  Central.     11  de 
Julio  de  1902.     Publicacion  oficial  del  Ministerio  de  fomento.     Managua, 
Tip.  nacional,  [1902].     166  p.     4**. 
Kendall,  John  6.:  A  midsummer  trip  to  Nicaragua.    By  John  S.  Kendall.    New 

Orleans,  Picayune  job  print,  1905.     22  p.     illus.     8®. 
[Matamoros  J.,T.]:  La  Republica  de  Nicaragua,  1906.    Managua,  Tip.  internacional, 
[1906].     viii,  146  p.     illus.,  map.     4*». 
(Preface  signed  "  T.  Matamoro«  J.") 
(Descriptive  volume  intended  for  immigrants.) 

Matus,  Manuel  Coronel:  Laudo  dado  por  los  doctores  Dn.  Manuel  Goronel  Matus 
y  Dn.  Jestis  Hernandez  Somoza  en  el  juicio  arbitral  entre  el  Gobiemo  y 
Samuel  Weil  y  Ca.  12  de  enero,  1906.  Managua, ^p.  y  enc.  nacioiial. 
136  p.    ^. 

Mel^ndez,  Daniel  S.  (ed,):  Gufa  general  de  Nicaragua.  Daniel  S.  Md^ndeSy  editor. 
San  Salvador,  Tip,  *'La  Uni6n,"  n.  d.    175  p.    platee.    8». 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XXV 

Mbbk,  Sbth  Eugene:  .  .  .  S3mop8i8  of  the  fishes  of  the  great  lakes  of  Nicaragua. 
By  Seth  Eugene  Meek  .  .  .    Chicago,  July,  1907.    97-132  p.    8*. 
("Vol.  7,  no.  4,  2k)<(logical  series,  Field  Columbian  Museum  publications.") 

Merobr,  G.  B.:  Nuevo  manual  del  jurado.  Conteuiendo  la  historia  de  esta  institu- 
ci6n;  todo  lo  que  hace  referencia  &  las  funciones  de  los  jurados,  d  sub  derechos 
y  obligaciones;  la  legislaci6n  criminal  y  la  jurisprudencia  completa  de  la 
Corte  de  casacidn  y  de  las  Cortes  de  assisses  en  lo  concemiente  al  jurado, 
y  una  tabla  analftica  de  la  materia.  Escrita  en  francos  por  C.  B.  Merger 
.  .  .  Vertido  al  castellano  por  Agustfn  Duarte  .  .  .  [Managua],  Tip. 
Calles  de  Zavala  Venecia,  Num.  70,  1887.     xvi,  252  p.     8^. 

Nicaragua.  Ministerio  de  Hacienda  y  Cr^dito  Pubuco:  Estadisticas  econ6- 
micas  de  Nicaragua.  Publicaciones  peri6dicas  del  Ministerio  de  hacienda 
y  cr^dito  publico.  Opiisculo  ntimero  2°:  Importacidn  detallada  de  1904. 
Noviembre  de  1905.    Managua,  Tip.  nacional.     ix,  333  p.    4°. 

Memoria  .  .  .  de  1905  .  .  .    Managua,  Tip.  nacional,  1905.    236,  (2), 

56,  48,  44,  64,  14  p.     4*>. 

Ministerio  de  Relaciones  Extbriores:  Memoria  .  .  .  agosto  1904-noviem- 

bre  1905.    Managua,  Tip.  nacional,  1905.     xv,  783  p.    4**. 

Treaties  J  etc,:  .  .  .  Accession  of  Nicaragua  to  the  convention  signed  at  Geneva, 

July  6,  1906,  for  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  the  wounded  and  sick 
in  armies  in  the  field.  June  17,  1907.  London,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907. 
2  p.    8«». 

(Treaty  series  no.  22.) 

-  Accession  of  Nicaragua  to  the  declarations  signed  at  the  Hague,  July  29, 


1899,  respecting,  1:  expanding  bullets,  2:  asphyxiating  gases.     October  11, 

1907.     London,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907.    4  p.    8**. 
Sfillmakn,  Joseph:  The  trip  to  Nicaragua.    A  trip  of  the  days  of  the  Conquistadores. 

By  Rev.  Joseph  Spillmann,  S.  J.    Translated  from  the  German  by  Mary 

Richards  Gray.     St.  Louis,  Published  by  B.  Herder,  1907.     148  p.     12*». 
Walker,  William:  La  guerra  de  Nicaragua.    Escrita  por  General  William  Walker  en 

1860.    Traducida  por  Fabio  Camevalini.    Managua,  Tip.  de  "El  Por- 

venir,"  1884.    (2),  158  p.    8*». 
The  war  in  Nicaragua.    Written  by  Genl.  William  Walker  .  .  .    Mobile,  New 

York,  S.  H.  Goetzel  &  Co.,  1860.     xii,  [13]--431  p.     front,  (port.),  map.     12?. 

PANAMA. 

Byxoe,  E.  Clifford:  Guide  and  business  directory  of  Colon  and  Cristobal  for  the 
year  1907.  Compiled  and  edited  by  E.  Clifford  Bynoe  .  .  .  Colon,  **The 
Independent,"  [1907].    35,  (3)  p.    8^. 

Meinhold  C,  Alberto:  La  Reptiblica  de  Panamd.  Por  Alberto  Meinhold  C.  .  .  . 
Santiago,  Imprenta  Lourdes,  1906.    43  p.    front,  (port.).     12®. 

Panama.    The  political  review  and  outlook.     Caption  title.    4  p.     8**. 
(Text  in  Engliah  and  Spanish.) 

LawSj  statutes^  etc.:  Instrucciones  sobre  minas  para  uso  exclusive  de  los  alcaldes 

municipales  y  gobemadores  de  las  provincias.  Panamd,  Tip.  "Santa 
Ana,''  1905.    41  p.     12*». 

Treaties y  etc,:  Treaty  between  the  United  Kingdom  and  Panama  for  the  mutual 

surrender  of  fugitive  criminals.  Signed  at  Panama,  Aug.  25,  1906.  (Rati- 
fications exchanged  at  Panama,  April  15,  1907.)  London,  Harrison  & 
80118,1907.    12  p.    ^. 

(Tart  in  English  and  Spanish.) 

(At  head  of  title:  "Treaty  series  no.  25.") 

Panama  at  a  olancb:  Pocket  guide  of  Panama  City.  Helpful  hints  for  strangers  and 
visiton  .  .  .  Published  by  the  Panama  Real  Estate  co.,  [1907].  48  y« 
luur.  8^. 


XXVI      INTEBNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN   BEFUBUG8. 

RiESBNBERO,  Hbnrt:  LectuTe  on  PaDama.  Delivered  by  Henry  Rieaenbein^  at 
Caleb  Millfl  Hall,  May  23,  1907.  (Under  the  auspices  of  the  Commercial 
Club,  Indianapolis.)    Caption  title.    28  p.    8°. 

PARAGUAY. 

Asuncion.  Poucia  db  la  capital:  Memoria  correspondiente  al  ejercicio  1906-1907 
de  la  policfa  de  la  capital,  presentada  al  Ministeiio  del  interior.  Con 
anexos:  Informe  de  la  contadurla  y  balances  generates.  Asanci6n,  H. 
Kraufl.  1907.     97,  (2)  p.     illus.     4*».  " 

Treaties,  etc.:  .  .  .  Accession  of  Cuba,  Dominican  Republic,  Hayti,  and  Para- 
guay to  the  convention  signed  at  Oeneva,  August  22, 1864,  for  the  am^iora- 
tion  of  the  condition  of  the  wounded  in  armies  in  the  field.    July  6,  1907. 
London,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907.    2  p.    8^. 
(Text  in  French  and  English.) 
(Treaty  series  no.  20.) 

Paraguay  and  the  alliance  against  the  tyrant  Francisco  Solano  L6pes.  Crenerml 
remarks,  reliable  documents.     New  York,  Hallet  &  Breen,  1869.    40  p.    8^. 

Paraguayan  (The)  question  :  The  alliance  between  Brazil,  the  Argentine  Confedera- 
tion ,  and  Uruguay  versus  the  dictator  of  Paraguay.  Claims  of  the  Republics 
of  Peru  and  Bolivia  in  regard  to  this  alliance.  New  York,  Hallet  A  Breen, 
printers,  1866.     56  p.     8**. 

PERU. 

Dah,  Christian:  Breve  reseiia  sobre  la  historia  de  los  Jesuitas  desde  su  fundaci6n 
hasta  el  afio  de  1907.  por  Christian  Dam.  Lima,  Imp.  liberal,  1907.  d4  p. 
8*». 

Enock,  C.  Reginald:  The  Andes  and  the  Amazon.  Life  and  travel  in  Peru.  By 
C.  Reginald  Enock.  With  a  map,  four  colored  plates,  and  fifty-eight  other 
illustrations.     New  York,  Charles  Schribner's  sons,  1907.     xvi,  379  p.     8^. 

Farina,  Francisco:  Almanaque  de  "Mercurio,'*  1907.  Quincenario  gratuito  que 
publica  la  casa  comercial  Francisco  Farifia  .  .  .  Trujillo,  Imp.  "Luz," 
[1907.]    cover-title.     296  p.     8*. 

Garcilabo  de  la  Vega:  Primera  parte  de  los  commentarios  reales,  que  tratan,  de  el 
origen  de  los  Incas,  reies,  qve  fveron  del  Peril,  de  sv  idolatria,  leies,  y 
guviemo,  en  paz,  y  en  guerra  de  svs  vidas,  y  conquistas;  y  de  todo  lo  que 
fu6  aquel  imperio,  y  su  Rcpdblica  antes  que  los  Espafioles  pasar&n  &  ^1. 
Escritos  por  el  Incas  Oarcilaso  de  la  Vega  .  .  .  Segvnda  impre8i6n  enmen- 
dada,  y  anadida  la  vida  de  Inti  Cusi  Titulupanqui,  pentUtimo  Inca  .  .  . 
En  Madrid,  En  la  Oficina  real  y  d  costa  de  Nicolas  Rodriguez  Franco,  1723. 
16  p.  Ih,,  351  [33]  p.     4<>. 

Garland,  Alexander:  Peru  in  1906.  With  a  brief  historical  and  geographical 
sketch.  By  Alexander  Garland  .  .  .  Originally  written  in  Spanish,  and 
translated  into  English  by  George  R.  Gcpp.  Lima,  "La  Industria,*'  1907. 
(2),  303  p.     front,  (port.),  maps,  plates.    4**. 

CONTENTS. 

History,  geography,  political  oi^ganization,  national  defence,  Lima  and  Iti  «iTlroiia» 
agriculture,  mining,  manufactures,  trade,  navigation,  means  of  eommonioatioo,  cur- 
rency and  financial  Institution. 

Great  Britain.  Foreign  Office:  Report  for  the  year  1906  on  the  trade  of  Iquitoa. 
Edited  at  the  Foreign  office  and  Board  of  trade  .  .  .  London,  Haniatm  A 
sons,  1907.    5  p.    8®. 

(Dip.  &  cons,  repts.,  ann.  ser.  no.  3872.) 


LIBBABT    ADDITIONS.  XXVn 

HuRD,  H.  C:  .  .  .  Aumento  de  las  aguas  del  valle  de  Lambayeque  por  H.  C.  Hurd. 
Lima,  Imprenta'' La  InduBtria/' 1907.    63,  (1)  p.    plans.    8^. 
(**  Boletfn  d«l  Cimpo  de  ingenieros  de  minas  del  PerA,  no.  47.") 

.  .  .  Estudio  de  dos  proyectos  para  dividir  las  aguas  del  Rio  de  Lambayeque, 

por  H.  C.  Hurd.     Lima,  Lit.  tip.  Carlos  ^abbri,  1907.     18  p.    maps.    8**. 
("Boletfn  del  Cuerpo  de  ingenieros  de  minas  del  Perd,  no.  52.") 

JocHAMowrrz,  Alberto:  .  .  .  Informe  relativo  &  las  pertenencias  ubicadas  sobre  el 
yacimiento  de  borax  de  la  laguna  de  Salinas.    Por  Alberto  Jochamowitz 
...     Lima,  Imprentade* 'El  Lucero/' 1907.     24,  (6)  p.     illu8.,map8.     8®. 
('*  Boletln  del  Cuerpo  de  ingenieros  de  minas  del  PeiH,  no.  49.") 

KuNOB,  German  :  .  .  .  Estadlstica  minera  del  Peru  en  1906,  por  German  Klinge  .  .  . 
Lima,  Imprenta  "La  Industria,"  1907.     39  p.    8^. 
("Boletfn  del  CHierpo  de  ingenieros  de  minas  del  PerA,  no.  54.") 

Malaga  Santolla,  FsRMiN :  .  .  .  Monograf fa  minera  de  la  provincia  de  Huamachuco 
por Fermln  M^aga  Santolla.  Lima,  Imprenta  de  ''El  Lucero,"  1907.  66  p. 
iUus;,  maps.    8^. 

('*  Boletfn  del  Cuerpo  de  ingenieros  de  minas  del  Pert!,  no..51.") 

T*R<J.    Direcci6n  General  de  Aduanas:  Estadlstica  general  de  aduanas  de  1901. 

Importaci6n,  tomo  3.     ...     Lima,  Imprenta  del  E^tado,  1906.    599  p. 

[double  paging.]    4^. 
Mbnbaje  DEL  PRESIDBNTE  .  .  .  de  1907.     Lima,  Imprenta  del  Estado,  [1907]. 

Ixxiip..   4®. 
MiNiSTBRio  DE  ^ELACiONES  ExTERiORES.     Lista  del  cuerpo  consular  del  Peru 

en  el  extranjero.    Julio  de  1907.     Lima,  Imprenta  ''La  Industria,"  1907. 

53  p.    obLl2». 
SuPBRiNTBNDBNCL/i  GENERAL  DE  Aduanas:  .  .  .  Comercio  especial  del  Perti 

en  el  alio  1904.     Leyenda  de  la  nomenclatura  comercial  de  la  estadlstica. 

Lima,  Imprenta  del  Estado,  1907.     153  p.    4''. 
Estadlstica  del  comercio  interior  del  Peni  en  el  afio  1903.     Cabotaje. 

Lima,  Imprenta  del  Estado,  1907.     169  p.    4^. 
Estadistica  del  Comercio  especial  del  Perd  en  el  afio  1904.     Lima, 

Imprenta  del  Estado,  1907.    xv,  132  p.    4''. 

—  -     Treatiet,  etc.:  Agreement  between  the  post-office  of  the  United  Kingdom  and 

Ireland  and  the  post-office  of  Peru  for  the  exchange  of  postal  parcels.     Lon- 
don, Eyre  A  Spottiswoode,  1907.     18  p.    4*>. 
(Text  in  English  and  Spanish.) 

[Skinner,  J.]:  The  present  state  of  Peru  .  .  .     London,  Printed  for  Richard  Philips, 

1806.    xiv,  487  p.     col.  plates.     4*». 
Tt^RNER,  W. :  .  .  .  Informes  sobre  el  Rfo  Chill6n,  por  W.  Turner  y  J.  J.  Bravo.     Lima, 

Imprenta  de  **El  Lucero,"  1907.    30  p.     illus.,  maps.    8®. 
(" Boletfn  del  Cuerpo  de  ingenieros  de  minas  del  Perd.  no.  48.") 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 

Blair,  E.  H.:  The  PhUippine  Islands.     1493-1898  ...     By  E.  H.  Blair  &  J.  A. 

Robertson.     Vols.  50  &  51.     1764-1840.     Cleveland,  The  Arthur  H.  Clark 

company,  1907.    2  v.    8*». 
Wright,  Hamilton  M.:  A  handbook  of  the  Philippines  by  Hamilton  M.  Wright  .  .  . 

Chicago,  A.  C.  McClurgA  CO.,  1907.    xvii,  431  p.     illus.,  maps.    8** 

SALVADOR. 

Salvador.    Lawi,  $tatutesy  etc.:  Arancel  judicial  y  sus  reformas  decretadas  el  26  de 
abril  de  1907  .  .  .    San  Salvador,  Imprenta  nacional,  1907.     16  p.    8^. 
(Bcptinted  trom"Diario  Ofldal"  de  16  de  mayo  de  1906  y  14  de  mayo  d«  VWd  ."^ 


XXV  J 11      INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAN  BEPUBLICS. 

Salvador.  Dblbgation  to thb  Third  International  SanitabtConvbntion:  .  .  . 
Report  presented  [to  the  convention]  by  the  delegation  of  El  Salvador. 
Mexico,  1907.    Nb  imprint.    30  p.    8°. 
(Text  in  English  and  Spanish.) 

[MiNisTERio  DE  Guerra]:  Proyectos  que  han  eido  designados  &  loe  actuales 

cursantes  de  ingenieria  y  proposiciones  que  soetendr&n  en  el  acto  de  su 
respectivo  examen  previo  d  la  opci6n  del  tftulo  de  ingeniero  civil.  [San 
Salvador,  Imprenta  nacional,  1907.]    Cover-title.    26  p.    8®. 

SPAIN. 

Spain.  Lawsy  statutes,  etc,:  C<5digo  de  comercio,  decretado,  sancionado  y  promulgado 
en  30  de  mayo  de  1829.  Edici6n  enteramente  conforme  &  la  oficial, 
imprensa  en  Madrid.     Paris,  Librerfa  de  Rosa,  1830.    384  p.     12P. 

UNITED  STATES. 

Allen,  Franklin:  .  .  .  Silk  manufactures,  1905.  Washington,  Crovemment  print- 
ing office,  1907.     117-194  p.     4*». 

(At  head  of  title:  "U.  8.  Bureau  of  the  Census."} 

American  Political  Science  Association:  Proceedings  of  the  .  .  .  aasociation  at 
its  third  annual  meeting  held  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  December  26  to  29, 1906. 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  Wickersham  press,  1907.     258  p.     8*. 

Boston  Public  Library:  Fifty-fifth  annual  report  of  the  trustees  of  the  .  .  .  Li- 
brary .  .  .  1906-1907.  Boston,  Municipal  printing. office,  1907.  (5),  114, 
(1)  p.     front.,  plates,  map.     8°. 

Chicago  Public  Library:  Thirty-fifth  annual  report  of  the  Board  of  directors.  June, 
1907.     Chicago,  The  Library,  1907.     61  p.     front.     8*. 

Accessions  from  January  1  to  April  1,  1907.     16  p.     8®. 

Accessions  from  April  1  to  July  1 ,  1907.     16  p.     8°. 

Accessions  from  July  1  to  Sept.  1,  1907.     16  p.     8°. 

Books  in  foreign  languages  added  during  the  years  1905-1906.     15  p.    8®. 

Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce:  Fifty-eighth  annual  report  of  the  Cincinnati 
Chamber  of  commerce  and  Merchants'  exchange  for  the  year  ending  Decem- 
ber 31,  1906.    Cincinnati,  Ohio  Valley  company,  printers,  1907.    222  p.     8®. 

GooDE,  Rhett:  .  .  .  Report  on  sanitary  improvements,  city  of  Mobile,  and  recent 
health  laws  of  State  of  Alabama,  by  Dr.  Rhett  Croode  ...  no  imprint, 
cover-title.     11  p.     8**. 

(Text  in  English  and  Spanish.) 

(At  head  of  title:  ** Third  International  sanitary  convention.") 

Grand  Rapids  Pubuc  Library:  Annual  report.     April,  1906-March,  1907.    Gnnd 

Rapids,  Mich.,  Cargill  company,  1907.     128  p.     8®. 
White,  Charles  A.:  The  archaic  monetary  terms  of  the  United  States.    By  Cbaries 
A.  White.    Washington,  Published  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  June 
27,  1907.     Cover-title.     98-104  p.     8°. 

Reprinted  from  Smithsonian  miscellaneous  collections  (Quarterly  issue),  TohmM  90, 
part  1.) 

Great  Britain,  Foreign  Office:  Report  for  the  year  1906  on  the  trade  and  finances 
of  the  Republic  of  Uruguay.    London,  Harrison  &  sons,  1907.    31  p.    8P. 

(Dip.  &  cons,  repta.,  ann.  ser.  no.  3856.) 

Hay,  John:  .  .  .  Memorial  address  on  the  life  and  character  of  William  McKinley. 
By  Hon.  John  Hay.  Delivered  before  the  two  houses  of  Coiigre0B,  Fel^ 
ruary  27,  1902.  W^ashington,  Grovemment  printing  office,  1903.  70  p. 
front,  (port.).    4®. 

(Atlmdof  tttlK  ''Slth  Omm^  ad  imIv  Hau—  at  ■igri— Ulliw^  d>B.  aa.  4Str} 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XXIX 

CoRNSLL  XJniversitt  Library:  Librarian's  report  1906-1907.  No  imprint.  Half- 
title.    66  p.     12*>. 

NrrzscHE,  Gboroe  E.:  Official  guide  to  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Edited  by 
George  E.  Nitzsche.  Philadelphia,  The  John  C.  Winston  company,  1906. 
139  p.    map,  illus.     12**. 

International  Correspondence  School:  Reference  library.  A  series  of  text- 
books prepared  for  the  students  of  the  International  correspondence  schools 
and  containing  in  permanent  form  the  instruction  papers,  examination 
questions,  and  keys  used  in  their  various  courses.  Conversational  series. 
Scranton,  International  text-book  co.,  [1905].    various  paging.     1  v.    8®. 

-^ —  Same.    Spanish  reader.     Scranton.  International  text-book  company, 

[1906].    various  paging.    8®. 

Same.    Spanish  grammar.    Scranton,  International  text-book  company, 

[1906].    various  paging.    8®. 

Same.  Spanish  conversational  lessons.  Scranton,  International  text- 
book company,  [1906].     various  paging.    8®. 

Same.    Spanish-English  lexicon  &  English-Spanish  lexicon.     Scran* 

ton,  International  text-book  company,  [1906].    275,  308  p.    8®. 

Same.     English  grammar.    Scranton,  International  text-book  company, 

[1906].    various  paging.     1  v.    8®. 

■  Sapie.    Carthcart's  literary  reader  by  George  R.  Carthcart.     Scranton, 


International  text-book  company,  [1901].    541  p.    8®. 

(Complete  sets  of  books  necess&ry  for  the  study  of  the  Spanish  and  English  languages.) 

Ladi>,  Horatio  O.:  History  of  the  war  with  Mexico.    By  Horatio  O.  Ladd.    New 

York,  Dodd,  Mead  &  co.,  [1883].    4,  xii,  [13]-328  p.    plates,  map.    8**. 
LouiSLANA.    Geological  Survey:  .  .  .  Geology  and  underground  water  resources 

of  northern  Ix)uisiana,  with  notes  on  adjoining  districts.     By  A.  C.  Veatch. 

Made  under  the  direction  of  the  State  experiment  stations,  1906.    209  p. 

illus.,  maps.    8°. 

(Bulletin  no.  4,  report  of  1905.) 

MAHTi,  [Jos A]:  En  los  Estados  Unidos  .  .  .    Habana,  Gonzalo  de  Quesada,  editor, 

1902-1905.    2v.     12^. 
Matthbws,  Washington:  Navaho  myths,  prayers,  and  songs  with  texts  and  transla- 
tions.   By  Washington  Matthews.     Edited  by  P.  E.  Goddard.    Berkeley, 
The  University  press,  September,  1907.    Cover-title.    21-^3  p.    8**. 

(University  of  California  publications  on  American  archaeology  &  ethnology,  vol.  5, 
no.  2.) 

Nbwabk  Board  op  Trade:  Yearbook,  1907.    Board  of  trade  of  the  city  of  Newark. 

Reports  of  officers  and  committees.     List  of  members.     [Newark,  Baker 

printing  co.,  1907].     143,  [52]  p.    8°. 
New  York  Produce  Exchange:  Report  of  the  .  .  .  exchange  .  .  .  from  July  1, 

1906,  to  July  1,  1907.     [New  York,  1907].     441  p.    8°. 
New  York  State  Library:  88th  Annual  report,  including  home  education  and  the 

Library  school,  1905.     Transmitted  to  the  legislature,  January  22,  lOOO. 

Albany,  New  York  State  t»ducation  department,  1907.    2  v.    8°. 
Law  Association  op  Philadelphia:  Addresses  delivered  March  13,  1902,  and  papers 

prepared  or  republishe<l  to  commemorate  the  centennial  celebration  of  the 

law  association  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  1802-1902.     Philadelphia, 

The  Sign  of  the  Ivy  Leaf,  [1902].     xii,  402  p.     illus.     8**. 
Krokbkr,  a.  L.:  .  .  .  The  religion  of  the  Indians  of  California.     By  A.  L.  Kn)eber. 

Berkeley,  The  Universitv  pres.-^,  September,  1907.     Cover-title.     315-355  p. 

8?. 

(UnWenity  of  California,  Publications  on  American  archaeology  and  ethnology,  vol.  4, 
no.  6.) 

24181— Bull.  1—OS J9 


XXX      INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OF   THE  AMEBICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

Krobbeb,  a.  L.:  .  .  .  The  washo  language  of  east  central  Galifomia  and  Nevada.* 
By  A.  L.  Kroeber.  Berkeley,  The  University  press,  September,  1907. 
Cover-title.    251-317  p.    8*». 

(University  of  California,  Publications  on  American  archaeology  and  ethnology,  vol.  4, 
no.  5.) 

Moore,  Charles:  .  .  .  The  improvement  of  the  park  system  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bai  .  .  .  Edited  by  Charles  Moore  .  .  .  Washington,  Crovemment  print- 
ing office,  1902.    171  p.    plates,  maps.    8®. 

(At  head  of  title:  "57th  Cong.,  1st  sees.    Senate  rept.  no.  166.") 

National  Association  op  Manufacturers:  American  trade  index.  Descriptive 
and  classified  membership  directory  of  the  National  association  of  manu- 
facturers of  the  U.  S.,  arranged  for  the  convenience  of  foreign  buyers. 
Ninth  annual  issue.  1907.  New  York,  The  Association,  1907.  508,  52  p. 
8**. 

Oregon  Journal:  Supplement  to  the  fifth  anniversary  edition  of  the  "Oregon 
Journal,"  Sunday,  September  8,  1907.    1vol.    illus.    f». 
(lUustrated  description  of  Oregon:  its  industries  and  cities.) 

Pennsylvania  Military  College.  46th  session,  1907-8.  Philadelphia,  Press  of 
McLaughlin  printing  co.,  [1907].     80,  (1)  p.    plates.    8**. 

Prentiss,  George  L.:  Eulogy  on  the  life  and  chsuracter  of  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor, 
late  President  of  the  U.  S.,  delivered  at  the  request  of  the  city  government  * 
of  New  Bedford,  August  6, 1850.    By  George  L.  Prentiss.    New  Bedford, 
Benjamin  Lindsay,  1850.    47  p.    8°. 

Providence  Board  op  Trade  :  Providence  [R.  I .]  of  to-day.    1907.    illus. 

(Special  issue  of  the  "  Board  of  trade  Journal,"  Providflnce,  July,  1907,  toL  19,  no.  7.) 

Public  Library  of  the  City  of  Boston:  Fifty-fifth  annual  report  of  the  trustees. 

.  .  .  190^1907.    Boston,  Municipal  printing  office,  1907.    114  p.    plates, 

map,  tables.     8**. 
St.  Louis  Public  Library:  Annual  report  of  the  St.  Louis  public  library,  190&-6and 

1906-7.     St.  Louis,  Samuel  F.  Myerson  printing  company,  1907.    92  p.    12^ 
Salas,  Dario:  Memoria  prcsentada  al  Ministerio  de  instrucci6n  ptiblica  [de  Giile]. 

Estudios  pedag6gico8  hechos  en  Estados  Unidos  de  Norte  America,  por 

Dario  Salas  D.     Santiago  dc  Chile,  Imp.,  lit.  i  enc.  Barcelona,  1907.    35  p. 

Stone,  N.  I.:  .  .  .  Promotion  of  foreign  commerce  in  Europe  and  the  United  States. 
ByN.  I.  Stone  .  .  .  Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.  24  p. 
8^. 

( At  head  of  title:  **  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  Bureau  of  manofaotures.") 

Taylor.  Hannis:  A  memorial  [to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States]  in  behalf  of  the 

architect  of  our  Federal  Constitution,  Pelatiah  Webster  .  .  .  presented  by 

Hannis  Taylor.     No  imprint,     cover-title.    48  p.     8**. 
U.  S.    Bureau  of  American  Ethnology.  Twenty-fifth  annual  report  of  the  Bureau 

of  American  Ethnology  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 

190a-4.     Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.    xxix,  296  p.     129 

plates.    4**. 
Bureau  of  the  Census,  Census  of  manufactures:  1905.    Iron  and  steel  and 

tin  and  teme  plate.    Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.     105  p. 

4*». 

(BuUetin78.) 

Same.     Lumber    and    timber    products.    Washington,    Govemmeni 

printing  office,  1907.     69  p.     4**. 
Same.    Textiles.     Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.    211, 


(l)p.    40 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XXXI 

U.  8.    BuBBAU  OF  THE  CENSUS.    Same.    Part  1,  United  States  by  industries. 
Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.    ccclxix,  660  p.    4°. 

Prisoners  and  juvenile  delinquents  in  institutions,  1904.    Washington, 

Government  printing  office,  1907.    295  p.    4^. 

(At  head  of  title:  "  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Special 
leporta.") 

Report  of  the  Director  [of  the  Census]  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce 

and  Labor  concerning  the  operations  of  the  Bureau  for  the  year  1906-7. 
Washington,  [Government  printing  office],  1907.    26  p.    8**. 
Statistics  of  cities  having  a  population  of  over  30,000:  1906,    Washing- 
ton, Government  printing  office,  1907.    372  p.    4®. 

(At  head  of  title:  "  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  Bureau  of  the  CenAis,  Special 
reports.") 

Statistics  of  women  at  work:  Based  on  unpublished  information  derived 

from  the  schedules  of  the  Twelfth  Census:  1900.    Washington,  Government 

printing  office,  1907.    399  p.    4^. 
BuBEAU  OP  Education:  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  education  for  the  year 

ending  June  30,  1905.    vol.  2.    Washington,  Government  printing  office^ 

1907.    iv,  664-1400  p.    8**. 
Bureau  op  Ihhigration  and  Naturalization  :  An  act  to  establish  a  Bureau 

of  immigration  and  naturalization  and  to  provide  for  a  imiform  rule  for  the 

naturalization  of  aliens  throughout  the  United  States.    Jime  26,  1906. 

caption-title.    13  p.    8°. 
(Public  act  no.  338.) 

.  Organization    of    the    Bureau  .  .  .    Washington,    Government 


I 


printing  office,  1907.    12  p.    8**. 

Bureau  op  Insular  Appairs,  War  Department:  Negotiations  for  the  settle- 
ment of  title  to  certain  lands  in  the  Philippine  Islands  claimed  by  the 
Philippine  government  and  by  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  and  in  the 
matter  of  the  charter  of  the  Spanish-Filipino  Bank.  Bureau  of  Insular 
a£fairs.  War  Department,  Government  printing  office.    26,  (1)  p.  diagr.    8**. 

Bureau  OP  Manup ACT ures:  Annual  report  ...  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 

June  30,  1907.     Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.     19  p.    8®. 

[U.  8.    Commission  on  citizenship,  expatriation,  and  protection  abroad]:  .  .  . 

Letter  from  the  Secretary  of  State,  submitting  report  on  the  subject  of 

citizenship,   expatriation,    and   protection  abroad.     December  20,    1906. 

[Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1906].    Caption  title.    538  p.    8**. 

(House  document  no.  326,  59th  Cong.,  2d  sess.) 

• Congress:  .  .  .  Official   congressional  directory  ...     Ist   ed.     Corrections 

to  Dec.  4,  1907.     Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907. 
(60th  Cong.,  let  sess.) 

Department  op  Justice:  Annual  report  of  the  Attorney-General  of  the  United 

States  for  the  year  1907  .  .  .  Washington,  Government  printing  office, 
1907.    47  p.     8**. 

• Department  op  State,  Register  of  the  Department  of  State.     Corrected  to 

July  1,  1907.     Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.     152  p.     8**. 

LawSy  statutes,  etc.:  Acts  of  Congress,  treaties,  proclamations,  and  decisions  of 

the  Supreme  court  of  the  United  States  relating  to  noncontiguous  territory 
and  Cuba  and  to  military  affairs.  58th  Cong.,  March  4,  1903,  to  March  3, 
1905,  [and]  Supreme  court  cases,  Jan.  1,  1898,  to  Dec.  3,  1906.  Compiled 
in  the  Bureau  of  Insular  affairs.  War  Department.  Washington,  Govern- 
ment printing  office,  1907.    xxvii,  380  p.    8^. 


XXXII        INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEFUBUCS. 

[U.  S.    Laws,  statutes,  etc.:  .  .  .  Immigration  laws  and  r^:ulation8  of  July  1,  1907. 
2nd  t»d.,  revised.    Washington,  Grovemment  printing  office,  1907.    79  p. 

(At  head  of  titl&-page:  "Dept.  of  Commerce  and  labor,  Bureau  of  immigration  and 
naturalization.") 

■ The  statutes  at  large  of  the  United  States  of  America  .  .  .     Concurrent 

resolutions  of  the  two  houses  of  Congress  and  recent  treaties,  conventions, 
and  executive  proclamations.  Edited,  printed,  and  published  by  author- 
ity of  Congress,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  Vol.  33, 
parts  1  &  2,  and  vol.  34,  parts  1  &  2.  Washington,  Government  printing 
office,  1905  &  1907.     4  v.     4**. 

President:  General  regulations  for  the  government  of  the  Dominican  customs 

receivership,  under  and  in  pursuance  of  the  convention  of  February  8th, 
1907,  between  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  Dominican  Republic 
.  .  .     Washington,  July  25,  1907.     Caption  title.    3  p.    4^.  . 

■  Message   of   the    President   of   the  U.  S.  communicated   to  the  two 


houses  of  Congress  at  the  beginning  of  the  first  session  of  the  Sixtieth  Con- 
gress.   Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.    63  p.    8*. 

Superintendent  of  Documents:  A  comprehensive  list  of  U.  S.  public  docu- 
ments now  offered  to  organized  public  libraries  free  of  all  cost  by  the  Super- 
intendent of  documents  at  Washington.  July,  1907.  Washington,  Govern- 
ment printing  office,  1907.     152  p.     8**. 

Treasury  Department:  Annual  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on 
the  state  of  the  finances  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  Jime  30, 1907.  Washing- 
ton, Government  printing  office,  1907.     116  p.    8°. 

Decisions  of  the  comptroller  of  the  Treasury.    Vol.  13,  July  1,  1906, 

to  June  30,   1907  .  .  .    Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907. 
xviii,  1022  p.     8®. 

Treasury  decisions  under  customs  and  other  laws.     Vol.  13,  January- 


June,  1907.    Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907.     1026  p.    8®. 

Treaties,  etc.:  Convention  between  the  United  States  of  America  and  the 
Dominican  Republic  providing  for  the  assistance  of  the  U.  S.  in  the  collec- 
tion and  application  of  the  customs  revenues  of  the  Dominican  Republic. 
Proclaimed  July  25,  1907.     Caption  title.     8  p.    8®. 

C<mvention  between  the  U.  S.  and  Guatemala  for  the  reciprocal  pro- 
tection of  patents.     Proclaimed  July  9,  1907.    Washington,  Government 
printing  office,  [1907].     3  p.     8**. 
(Text  in  Spanish  and  English.) 

Convention  l)etween  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  Dominican 

Republic  providing  for  the  assistance  of  the  United  States  in  the  collection 
and  application  of  the  customs  revenues  of  the  Dominican  Republic  .  .  . 
Proclaimed  July  25,  1907.     Caption  title.     8  p.     8*. 
(Text  in  Spanish  and  English.) 

Parcels-post  convention  between  the  United  States  of  America  and  the 


Republic  of  Nicaragua.     Ratified  March  28,   1900.     No  imprint.     Half- 
title.     13  p     8**. 
University  op  Pennsylvania:  Annual  report  of  the  provost  to  the  board  of 
trustees  from  Sept.  1,  1905,  to  Sept.  1,  1906.     Philadelphia,  printed  for  the 
Univereity,  100(5.     298  p.     8**. 

Catalogue  of  the  University  .  .  .  190(>-7.     Philadelphia,  printed  for 

the  University,  Februar>%  1907.     712  p.     map,  tables.     12**. 

Illustrated   [description].     Publinhed  for  the  University  .  .  .  1906. 


Press  of  John  C.  Winston  Co.,  Philadelphia,  1906.     [16  p.]    60  pb.    4**. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XXXIII 

Wtman.  WAi;rER:  The  march  of  sanitation.  By  Walter  Wyman,  M.  D.,  surgeon- 
general  of  the  U.  S.  public  health  and  marine-hospital  service.  Chicago, 
Press  of  the  American  medical  association,  1907.     Cover-title.     14  p.    8®. 

URUGUAY. 

Uruguay.    CXmara  de  Sen  adores:  Diario  de  sesiones  de  la  H.  Cdmam  de  senadores 

de  la  Reptiblica  O.  del  Uruguay.    Tomo  85,  afio  1905.    Montevideo,  Im- 

prenta  y  librerfa  de  Viuda  6  hijos  de  Zen6n  Tolosa,  1906.    622,  [13]  p.    4^. 
Comisidn  central  de  exten8i6n  de  la  langosta:  Memoria  elevada  al  Superior 

gobiemo  por  la  comisi6n  .  .  .     Inva8i6n  de  1906-1907.     Montevideo,  Im- 

pienta*' La  Rural,*' 1907.    8  p.    table.    8^ 
Marion,  H.:  John  Paul  Jones'  last  cruise  and  final  resting  place,  the  United  States 

Naval  Academy.    By  H.  Marion.    Washington,  Greo.  E.  Howard,  1906. 

87  p.     iUuB.    8*>. 
National    Association    op    Cotton    Manufacturers:  Transactions  .  .  .  annual 

meeting  .  .  .  April  24  and  25,  1907.     [Boston,  1907.]    409  p.     illus.    8®. 
DiRECCidN  General  de  Aduanas:  .  .  .  Comercio  exterior  especial  .  .  .  y 

otros  datos  correspondientes  d  los  trimestres  primero  y  segundo  del  afio 

1906.  Montevideo,  Tip.  y  lit.  oriental,  1907.    31  p.    4<». 

DiREccidN  General  de  In8trucci6n  Primaria:  Memoria  correspondiente  al 

afios  1904-1905  y  1906  presentada  i  la  Direcci6n  general  de  In8trucci6n 
general  y  al  Ministerio  de  fomento  .  .  .  por  el  Inspector  nacional.  Monte- 
video, Talleres  A.  Barreiro  y  Ramos,  1907.     2  v.    4°. 

Ministerio  de  Gobierno:  Memoria  .  .  .  correspondente  al  ejercicio  1906- 

1907.  Con  algunos  documentos  anteriores.  Montevideo,  Tip.  Escuela 
nacional  de  artes  y  oficios,  1907.     xiv,  525  p.    8®. 

VENEZUELA. 

[Bioos,  James]:  The  history  of  Don  Francisco  de  Miranda's  attempt  to  effect  a  revo- 
lution in  South  America,  in  a  series  of  letters.  By  a  gentleman  who  was 
an  officer  imder  that  general  ...  to  which  are  annexed  sketches  of  the 
life  of  Miranda,  and  geographical  notices  of  Caraccas.  2d  ed.  Boston, 
E.  Oliver,  1810.    xi,  312  p.     12^, 

Dance,  Charles  Daniel:  Recollections  of  four  years  in  Venezuela.  By  Charles 
Daniel  King.  London,  Henry  S.  King  &  Co.,  1876.  xii,  303  p.  illus., 
map.    8**. 

[Dauxion-]Lavays8E,  [Jean  Francois]:  A  statistical,  commercial,  and  political 
description  of  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  Margarita,  and  Tobago;  containing 
various  anecdotes  and  observations  illustrative  of  the  past  and  present 
state  of  these  interesting  countries  from  the  French  of  M.  Lavaysse;  with 
an  introduction  and  explanatory  notes  by  the  editor  [Edward  Blaqui^re] 
.  .  .  London,  G.  and  W.  B.  Whittaker,  1820.  [iii]-xxxix,  479  p.  map. 
8*. 

Eastwick,  Edward  B.:  Venezuela;  or,  Sketches  of  life  in  a  South-American  republic; 
with  the  history  of  the  loan  of  1864.  By  Edward  B.  Eastwick  ...  2d 
ed.    London,  Chapman  and  Hall,  1868.     viii,  xi,  418  p.     map.     8°. 

FoMBONA  Palacio,   Manueli  Obras  literarias  del   Doctor  Don  Manuel  Fombona 
Palacio.     Caracas,  Tip.  universal,  1904.     (2),  539  p.     8°. 
(Preface  signed:  **  Ramon  Tello  Mendoza.") 

Hifpislet,  G.:  A  narrative  of  the  expedition  to  the  rivers  Orinoco  and  Apure  in 
South  America;  which  sailed  from  England  in  November,  1817,  and  joined 
the  patriotic  forces  in  Venezuela  and  Caracas.  By  G.  Hippisley  .  .  . 
London,  J.  Murray,  1819.    xix,  [1]  653,  [1]  p.    8^. 


XXXrV      INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEFUBUCS. 

HoRTENSio:  Literatuia  venezolana.    Revistas  bibliogrificas  expresamente  escritas 
para  "La  Opiiii6n  nacional''  por  HortetnBio.    Homenaje  &  Bolivar  en  su 
centenario  24  de  julio  de  1883.   Caracas,  Imprenta de  '^ La Opiiii6n nacional/' 
1883.    2v.    plates.    4*». 
Jahn,  Jr.,   Alfredo:  .  .  .  Observaciones  al  piano  militar  de  la  Reptiblica,  p» 
Alfrttdo  Jahn,  jr.  .  .  .     Caracas,  Tip.  universal,  1907.     17  p.    8*. 
(Extract  from  tomo  8,  no.  2,  "Annies  de  la  Universidad  central  de  VeneEuela.") 
(At  bead  of  title:  "  Contribuciones  a  la  geografia  fisica  de  Venesuela.") 

[MiCHELENA,  ToMAs]:  Resumen  de  la  vida  militar  y  poHtica  del  ciudadano  esdare- 

cido  General  Jos^  Antonio  P^z.     Escrito  por  encargo  de  la  Junta  directiva 

de  la  sociedad  que  celebr6  el  centenario  del  heroe  el  13  de  junio  de  1890. 

Caracas,  Tip.  de  "El  Cojo,"  1890.     219  p.    8**. 
OviEDO  T  Bai^os.  Jose  de:  HLstoria  de  la  conquesta  y  pobla6i6n  de  la  provincia  de 

Venezuela  escrita  por  J.  de  Oviedo  y  Bafios;  illustrada  con  notas  y  docu- 

mentos  por  .  .  .  C.   Fernandez   Duro  .  .  .    Madrid,   L.   Navarro,    1885. 

Tomo  2.    411,  (3)  p. 
RoJAS,  Jose  M.:  Biblioteca  de  escritores  venezolanos  contempohineos.    Ordenada 

con  noticias  biogrdficas.     Por  Joe^  M.   Rojas  .  .  .     Caracas,   Rojas  her* 

manos,  1875.     xix,  808  p.     4**. 
Venezuela.     Laws,  statutes,  etc.:  Recopilaci6n  de  leyes  y  decretoe  de  Venezuela. 

Tomos  1-15,  1830-1890.     Caracas.  1874-1891.     15  v.     4*>. 
Same.     Indice.     [Tomos  1-6,  1830-1873.]    Caracas,  "La  Concordia," 

1874.     196  p.     4°. 
Mens.ue    del   Presidente  .  .  .  de  1907.     Caracas,  Tip.   Herrera  Irigoyen 

&ca.,1907.     xix.  (l)p.     4**. 
MiNiSTERio  DE  FoMENTo:  Memoria  .  .  .  de  1907.     Caracas,  Empresa  Gut- 

tenberg,  1907.     2  v.     4**. 
MiNisTERio     DE     GuERRA     Y    Marina:  Mcmoria  .  .  .  de     1907.     Caracas, 

Imprenta  Bolfvar,  1907.     2  v.     4*». 
MiNisTERio   DE   Hacienda:  MemoHa  .  .  .  de  1907.     Caracas,  Empresa  "El 

Cojo,"  1907.     739,  xxvii  p.     4*».' 
MINISTERIO    DE    Hacienda   y   Credito   Publico:  Estadistica   mercantil  y 

marina.     Prinior  somestre  del    aiio    econ6mico    de    1906-1907.     Caracas, 

Imprenta  Bolivar.  1907.     149,  (2)  p.     4**. 
MINISTERIO    DK    In«trucci6n   Pubuca:    Memoria  .  .  .  de    1907.     Caracas, 

Imprenta  Holfvar,  1907.     3  v.     4°. 
MiNiSTERio  DE  Obrah  Publicasi  Mcmoria  .  .  .  de  1907.     Caracas,  Lit.  del 

comercio,  1907.     125,  v.  p.     ill  us.,  plans.     4**. 

Memoria   ...    do    1907.     Caracas,    Lit.   y   tip.   del    comercio,    1907. 


125,  v.  p.     maps,  illus.     4°. 
-  Ministerio  de  Relaciones  Exteriores:  El  libro  amarillo  de  los  Estadoe 

Unidos   (!(»    Venezuela  .  .  .  de    1907  .  .  .     Caracas.   Imprenta   nacional, 

1907.     lix,  803  p.     4*». 
Memoria  .  .  .  de  1907.     Caracas,  Tip.  universal,  1907.     xxxii,  616  p. 


^'Resumen  general  del  lercer  censo  de  la  Republica  decretado  el  26  de  agosto 

de  1890  por  el  .  .  .  Presidente  const  it ucional  de  los  Estadoe  Unidos  de 
Venezuela,  y  verificado  en  loe  dias  15,  16  y  17  de  enero  de  1901.  Caracas, 
"La  Opinion  nacional,"  1891.     114,  (1)  p.     4°. 

GENERAL  WORKS,  REFERENCE  BOOKS,  AND  BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 

Alais,  R.  J.  (romp.):  "La  Rural."  Guia  general  [de  la]  Republica  Argentina,  1907. 
Propietario  R.  J.  Alais.  Buenos  Aires,  Calle  San  Jos^  239,  1907.  Cover- 
title.     634  p.     8^. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XXXV 

Almanach  db  Gotha.  Annuaire  g6n6alogique,  diplomatique  et  statistique.  1908. 
Gotha,  Justus  Perthes,     xxiv,  1194  p.     12**. 

Almanach  Popular  Brazileiro  para  o  anno  de  1908  .  .  .  Decimo  quinto  anno. 
Pelotas,  Echenique  Irmaos  Cia.,  1907.    288,  xlvii  p.     12**. 

Bakbr,  Arthur  (ed.):  The  American  Esperanto  book.  A  compendium  of  the  inter- 
national language — Esperanto.  Compiled  and  edited  by  Arthur  Baker 
....   Chicago,  Charles  H.  Kerr  and  company,  1907.     186, 130,  (1)  p.     12**. 

Basch,    Pablo   {comp.):  .  .  .  Gufa  nacional  de  la   Repdblica  Argentina.    1907. 
[Buenos  Aires,  1907.]    1192  p.     8*». 
(At  head  of  title:  "  Pablo  Basch.") 

BoROBS  DOB  Reis,  Antonio  ALEXANDRE  (ed.):  Almanak  do  estado  da  Bahia.    1904- 

1905.     Organisado  por  Antonio  Alexandre  Borges  dos  Reis.     Setimo  anno. 

Bahia,  Litho-typ.  e  encademay^  de  Reis  &  C,  1904.    viii,  621  p.    tables. 

8**. 
Ghayeb,  Manuel  W.:  Gufa  general  del  Paraguay.     Editor-proprietario,  Manuel  W. 

Chaves.    Aflo  1907.     Asuncion,  '*E1  Pais,"  [1907].    366  p.    8*». 
Collver  Tours  of  all  South  America.    A  travel  novelty  .  .  .    Boston,  The  Collver 

Tours  company,  n.  d.    25,  (2)  p.    illus.     12®. 
CoMPAfSiA  DEL  DiRBCTORio  GENERAL :  DirectoHo  general  de  la  Repdblica  de  Cuba. 

(Antes   directorio   mercantil.)     1907-08.     Publicado   en   julio   de    1907. 

Editores-proprietarios:  Compailfa  del  Directorio  General.     Habana,  Ram- 

bla  y  Bouza,  1907.     xxxii,  1728  p.     8*>. 
CoNGRBSo  Intern AciONAL  de  Estudla-Ntes  Americanos:  .  .  .  Invitacidn,  r^a- 

mento  y  programa.     Montevideo,  Tall.  "El  Arte,"  1907.     12  p.     12^. 
Gonfbrbncia  de  Paz  Centroamericano  [comp.]:  .  .  .  Recopilaci6n  de  los  tratados 

de  Corinto  y  anexos,  arbitraje  obligatorio  de  Mexico,  el  *'Marblehead,"  y 

San  Jos6  de  Costa  Rica.     Washington,  Government  printing  office,  1907. 

26  p.    8*». 
Washington,     noviembre,     1907.     Reglamento.     [Washington,     Government 

printing  office,  1907.]    5  p.     12^. 
Corthbll,  Elmer.  :  .  .  .  Results  of  investigation  into  the  cost  of  ports  and  of  their 

operation  by  Elmer  L.  Corthell.     Brussels,  Printing  office  of  the  public 

works  CO.,  1907.    58  p.     fold,  tables.     8°. 

(At  head  of  title:  **  Permanent  international  association  of  navigation  congresses. ") 

Costa  Rica.  Delegation  to  the  Central  American  Peace  Conference:  Notes 
on  a  railway  through  Central  America  presented  by  the  delegation  of  Costa 
Rica  Ux  the  Central  American  Peace  Conference.  Washington,  [W.  F. 
Roberts  company],  November,  1907.    21  p.     8**. 

(Articles  on  the  Pan-American  Railroad  by  J.  B.  Calvo  and  Theodore  Paschke,  with 
introduction  signed  by  Luis  Anderson  and  J.  B.  Calvo.) 

Coudbrt,  Frederic  R.:  Addresses:  historical— political — sociological.  By  Frederic 
R.  Coudert.  New  York  and  London,  G.  P.  Putnam's  sons,  1905.  xviii, 
452  p.     front,  (port.)     S*'. 

Edwards,  Bryan:  The  history,  civil  and  commercial,  of  the  British  colonies  in  the 
West  Indies.  By  Bryan  Edwards  .  .  .  Illustrated  by  an  atlas  ...  to 
which  is  added  a  general  description  of  the  Bahama  islands,  by  Daniel 
M'Kinnen  .  .  .  Philadelphia,  Printed  and  sold  by  J.  Humphreys,  1806. 
4v.     8*».     (With  atlas.) 

FiALLOS,  E.  C. :  La  doctrina  de  Monroe  juzgada  por  un  centroamericano.  Tegucigalpa, 
Tip.  nacional,  1907.     19  p.     12<*. 

Flbtbb  BolaS^ob,  Anselmo:  .  .  .  Ajiaco.  Barcelona,  Tip.  de  la  casa  editorial 
Maucci,  1903.    260  p.    front,  (port.)    12**. 


XXXVI      INTEBNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEFUBUCS. 

Gaoe,  Thomas  :  A  new  survey  of  the  West- Indies.  Being  a  journal  of  three  thousand 
and  three  hundred  miles  within  the  main  land  of  America  .  .  .  The 
fourth  edition  enl.  by  the  author,  with  an  acciurate  map.  London,  F. 
Nicholson,  [etc.],  1699.    4  p.  1.,  477,  [18]  p.     map.     12*>. 

GiPPORD,  John:  Practical  forestry  for  beginners  in  forestry,  agricultural  students, 
woodland  owners,  and  others  desiring  a  general  knowledge  of  the  nature  of 
the  art.  By  John  Gifford  .  .  .  New  York,  D.  Appleton  &  company, 
1907.     xiv,  284  p.     illus.     8*^. 

Grant  and  Co.,  Robert  (comp.):  .  .  .  English  address  book  of  residents  in  the 
Argentine  and  Uruguayan  republics  of  British  and  North  American  nation- 
ality or  descent.  Fourth  issue,  1907-8.  Published  annually  by  Robert 
Grant  and  Co.     Buenos  Aires,  Cangallo,  542,  1907.    Ixxxviii,  411  p.    8**. 

Great  Britain.  Emigrants'  Information  Office:  Summary  of  Consular  reports, 
1906-7.  North  and  South  America.  London,  Darling  &  son,  1907.  218  p. 
8«. 

GufA  Kraft.  Segundo  tomo  de  1907,  afio  23.  Buenos  Aires,  Estab.  de  impresiones 
de  G.  Kraft,  1907.     1689,  (2)  p.     8*». 

GuMiLLA,  Joseph:  Historia  natural,  civil  y  geogrdfica  de  las  naciones  situadas  en  las 
riveras  del  rfo  Orinoco.  Su  autor  el  padre  Joseph  Gumilla  .  .  .  Nueva 
impresion  .  .  .  Barcelona,  Impr.  de  C.  Gibert  y  Tut6,  1791.  2  v.  front. 
(port.),  plate,  map.     8°. 

Hague  Conference,  1907:  Deuxitoe  Conference  de  la  paix.  La  Ha  ye,  1907.  Liste 
des  pays  repr^sent^s  k  la  conference  et  de  leurs  d^l^gu^.  19  juillet,  1907. 
No  imprint.     [20]  p.     4°. 

Hale,  Albert:  The  South  Americans:  The  story  of  the  South  American  Republics, 
their  characteristics,  progress,  and  tendencies;  with  special  reference  to 
their  commercial  relations  with  the  United  States.  By  Albert  Hale  .  .  . 
Indianapolis,  The  Bobbs-Merrill  company,  1907.  (6),  361  p.  illus., 
maps.     8®. 

(Argentine  on  pp.  87-147;  Brazil  on  pp.  1&-46  and  181-241;  Colombia  oo  pp.  S7-70; 
Ecuador  on  p.  70;  Uruguay  on  pp.  47-58  and  148-179;  VeDezuela  on  pp.  58-67  and 
243-287.) 

Inoalls,  Walter  Renton  (ed.):  The  mineral  industry,  its  statistics,  technology, 
and  trade  during  1906.  Founded  by  Richard  P.  Rothwell.  Edited  by 
Walter  Renton  Ingalls  .  .  .  Vol.  15  supplementing  vols.  1-14.  New 
York  &  London,  Hull  publishing  company,  1907.     xxii,  (2),  954  p.    8*. 

International    American    Conference,  1906:  Actas,    resoluciones,    documentos. 
Rfo  de  Janeiro,  Imprensa  nacional.  1907.     675  p.     4®.     • 
(Indexed.) 

.  .  .  Minutes,  resolutions,  document*     Rio  de  Janeiro,  Imprensa  nacional, 

1907.  664  p.     4^. 

International  Conciress  of  Tuberculosis,  1908:  Preliminary  announcement  of 
the  International  congress  .  .  .     Washington,  September  21  to  October  12, 

1908.  No  imprint.     42  p.     8**. 

International  Sanitary  Convention,  1907:  Convocation  of  the*  Third  Interna- 
tional Banitar>'  convention,  1907.     Caption  title.    4  p.     8**.  * 

Same.     In  Spanish. 

Jefferson,  Mark:  The  distribution  of  people  in  South  America.  [By]  Ptofenor 
Mark  Jefferson  .  .  .  (Reprinted  from  the  "Bulletin  of  the  Geographical 
society  of  Philadelphia,"  July,  1907.     lip.     maps.    8°. 

Lacayo,  J()86  M.  (('</.):  Gufa  del  Salvador  .  .  .  (Aflo  2,  no.  2,  1907.  Jo0^  M. 
liacayo,  editor.  San  Salvador,  Tip.  "La  Uni6n,*'  [1907].  98,  6  p.  nar. 
8^. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XXXVII 

Lake  Mohonk  Ck)NFERBNCE  on  International  Arbitration:  Report  of  the  13th 
annual  meeting  of  the  .  .  .  conference  .  .  .  1907.  Reported  by  Miss 
Lilian  D.  Powers.  Published  by  the  Lake  Mohonk  Conference  on  Inter- 
national Arbitration,  1907.     No  imprint.     209  p.     8®. 

Lassub  Oordeville,  J.  F.:  Guia  comercial  por  orden  de  gremios.  Con  infinidad  de 
direccioneSy  datos  y  detalles'de  gran  utilidad  para  el  comercio,  viajeros,  y 
para  el  ptiblico  en  general.  Edici6n  de  1906,  por  J.  F.  Lassus  Cordeville, 
propietario.     Quito,  Imprenta  y  enc.  salesiana,  [1906].     150  p.     12°. 

Leonard,  John  W.  («</.):  Men  of  America.  A  biographical  dictionary  of  contem- 
poraries. Edited  by  John  W.  Leonard.  New  York,  L.  R.  Hamersly  & 
CO.,  1908.     2188  p.     8*». 

MacDonald,  Arthur:  Marcas   morales  de   degeneraci6n   por   Arthur   MacDonald. 
Mexico,  Imprenta  del  Gobiemo  federal,  1907.     477-488  p.     8**. 
(Reprinted  from  "  Socl^t^  sclGntiflque  Antonio  AUate."    Memorias,  tomo  24.) 

MAiNEZ,  Ram6n  Lb6n:  .  .  .  Cervantes  y  su  ^poca.  Por  D.  Ram6n  Le6n  Mdinez 
.  .  .  Con  un  pr61ogo  del  excmo.  sr.  D.  Eduardo  Benot,  de  la  Real  Aca- 
demia  cspaiiola.  Tomo  1.  Jerez  de  la  Frontera,  Tall.  tip.  de  la  '*Lito- 
grafla  jerezana,*'  1901.     xxiv,  572,  xxii,  (1)  p.    4®. 

Manual  of  Statistics.  Stock  exchange  hand-book,  1904,  26th  annual  issue.  Rail- 
road securities;  Industrial  securities;  Government  securities;  Stock  ex- 
change quotations,  [etc.,  etc.].  New  York,  The  Manual  of  statistics  co., 
[1904].     1040  p.    maps.     8*». 

I^URT,  M.  F.:  The  Amazon,  and  the  Atlantic  slopes  of  South  America.  A  series  of 
letters  published  in  the  "National  Intelligencer"  and  "Union."  news- 
papere,  under  the  signature  of  "Inca,"  by  M.  F.  Maury  .  .  .  Rev.  & 
cor.  by  the  author.    Washington,  F.  Taylor,  1853.     63  p.     map.     8®. 

El  rio  Amazonas  y  las  comarcas  que  forman  su  hoya  vertientes  hacia  el  AtUn- 

tico.     Lima,  J.  M.  Monterola,  1853.     68  p.     8°. 

Maxet,  Edwin:  International  law  with  illustrative  cases.  By  Edwin  Maxey  .  .  . 
St.  Louis,  The  F.  H.  Thomas  Law  book  co.,  1906.     xxii,  797  p.     8**. 

Mbza,  D.  Ram6n:  Estudio  hi8t6rico-critico  de  la  Iliad  y  la  Odisea  y  su  influencia 
en  los  dem&B  generos  porticos  de  Grecia.  T6sis  elegida  para  sus  ejercicios 
del  grado  de  doctor  en  la  Facultad  de  filosoffa  y  letras,  por  D.  Ram6n 
Meza  y  Suirez  Inclan.  Habana,  Imprenta  "La  Universal,"  1894.  112 
p.    12*». 

MoNCADA,  J.  MarIa:  .  .  .  Centre  America  y  los  Yanquis  .  .  .  San  Salvador,  Tip. 
Salvadorefla,  Junio  de  1907.     Cover-title.     13  p.    nar.  8**. 

Moscoso  PuELLO,  F.  EujENio:  ...  La  reforma  especffica.     Santo  Domingo,  Imp. 
Ia  Cuna  de  America,  1907.    41,  (1)  p.     8*». 
(At  head  of  title:  '*  F.  Eujenio  Moscoso  Puello.") 

MuRF-iLO  Velarde,  Pedro:  Geographia  historia.  Libro  IX.  De  la  America,  y  de 
las  islas  adyacentes,  y  de  las  tierras  drcticas,  y  antdrcticas,  y  islas  de  los 
mares  del  norte  y  sur,  la  escribfa  el  P.  Pedro  Murillo  Velarde  ...  En 
Madrid,  Impr.  de  A.  de  Gordejuela  y  Sierra,  1752.     391  p.     8°. 

Outeira  Lima:  Vida  diplomdtica.  Segunda  conferencia  realisada  no  Instituto  ar- 
cheologico  do  Recife  por  iniciatlva  da  Officina  litteraria  Martins  Jimior,  aos 
22  de  Dezembro  de  1904.  Recife,  Typ.  do  Jornal  do  Recife.  1904.  32  p. 
12^. 

0*RouRKE,  Charles  A.:  Congreso  Internacional  Americano.  Paseo  de  los  dolop:ado8. 
Objeto  del  congreso.  Por  Charles  A.  O'Rourke.  New  York.  The  New 
York  City  press  association,  1890.     131  p.    front.  (jK)rt.),  ill  us.     8°. 

Pnuss  FsRRXiRA,  Juno  («/.):  Almanach  de  Pcmamy)uco  para  o  anno  de  1907  com 
a  biographia  do  Dr.  Antonio  de  Moraes  Rilva.     Director:  Julio  Pires  Fe- 
iieiia  .  .  .    9^  anno.     Recife,  Imprenta  industrial,  \^1^T\.    viYvm,  1\^>  \^ 
p.    13f>. 


XXXVin      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

PoiRiER,  Edi'ardo:  La  Mejor  diplomacia.  Conferencia  dada  en  el  Ateneo  de  San- 
tiago de  Chile  la  noche  del  26  de  octubre  de  1906.  Por  Eduardo  Poirier 
.  .  .     Santiago  de  Chile,  Imprenta  moderna,  1906.    39  p.    front,  (port.) 

QuESADA,  Ernesto:  Bismarck  y  su  ^poca.  Conferencia  lefda  en  los  salones  del 
Ateneo  el  16  de  agosto  de  1898.     Buenos  Aires,  Jacobo  Peuser,  1898.    46  p. 

HerV)ert  Spencer  y  sus  doctrinas  sociol6gicas.     De  la  **Revista  de  la  Univera- 

dad  de  Buenos  Aires,"  tomo  7.     Buenos  Aires,  J.  Men^ndez,  1907.     87  p. 
8°. 

La  palabra  "Valija."     Su  ortografla.     Informe  presentado  por  Ernesto  Que- 

sada  .  .  .     Buenos  Aires,  Tip.  de  **E1  Tiempo,"  1900.    21  p.     12*. 

QuESADA,  GoNZALo  DEI  Arbitration  in  Latin  America.  By  Gonzalo  de  Queeada. 
Rotterdam,  M.  Wyt  &  Zonen,  1907.     xii,  (2),  126  p.     8*. 

Raynal,  GuiLLAiME  Thomas  Fran^ois:  a  philosophical  and  political  history  of  the 
settlements  and  trade  of  the  Europeans  in  the  East  and  West  Indies.  Rev., 
augm.,  and  pub.,  in  10  volumes,  by  the  Abb^  Raynal.  Newly  tr.  from  the 
French,  by  J.  O.  Justamond,  F.  R.  S.,  with  a  new  set  of  maps  adapted  to 
the  work,  and  a  copious  index.  In  8  volumes.  London,  A.  Strahan, 
(etc.,  etc.],  1783.     8  v.     fnmt.  (port.),  maps.     8°. 

[RoBLE,  Angel'^dk]:  La  altemabilidad  en  el  poder  en  las  Repdblicas  Americanas. 
I  San  Salvador,  Tip.  salvadoreiia],  1906.     14  p.     12*>. 

RuHLAND  &  Ahlschier  (eds.):  Directorio  general  de  la  ciudad  de  Mexico  (incluyendo 
las  municipalidades  del  Distrito  Federal).  1906-7  .  .  .  Mexico,  Tip. 
MtiUer  hnos.,  [1907].     xvi,  864  p.     4*^. 

Stevenson,  W.  B.:  A  historical  and  descriptive  narrative  of  twenty  years*  residence 
in  South  America.  Ix)ndon,  Hurst,  Robinson  &  co.,  1825.  3  v.  front. 
8°. 

Stone,  N.  I.:  .  .  .  The  double  tariff  syptem.  By  N.  I.  Stone  .  .  .  Reprinted  from 
the  ''Annals  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science"  for 
May,  1007.  Philadelphia  .  .  .  The  Academy  .  .  .  1907.  Cover-title. 
478-498  p.     8°. 

Ternaux-Compans,  H.:  Voyages,  relations  et  memoires  originaux  pour  8er\'ir  k 
histoire  de  la  d6couverte  de  I'Am^rique,  publics  pour  la  premiere  fois  en 
franyais  par  11.  Ternaux-Compans.  Commentaires  D'Alvar  Nuilez  Cabev^ 
de  Vaca,  adelantade  et  gouverneur  du  Rio  de  La  Plata.  Paris,  Arthus 
Bertrand,  1837.     507  p.     8°. 

(First  published  at  Valladolid  by  Francisco  Hernandez  de  Cordoue,  15S5.) 

Treaties,  etc.:  Pn)tocc>l  for  the  accession  of  nonsignator\'  powers  to  the  convention  of 
July  29,  1899.  for  the  pacific  nettlement  of  international  disputes.  June  14, 
1907.     I/Mulon,  Harrison  ik  wms,  1907.     4  p.     8°. 

(Text  In  English  and  French.) 

(At  head  of  title:  "Treaty  series,  no.  26.") 

Trow  Directory,  Printing  axi>  Hookbini>in(}  Company:  Trow^s  general  directory 
of  the  boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  Bronx,  city  of  New  York,  for  the  year 
ending  August  1,  1908.     Published  annually.     New  York,  The  Trow  direc- 
tory .  .  .  company,  11K)7.     1844  p.     maps.     4**. 
(Has  appendix  of  "Register  of  public  institutions,"  A8  p.) 

IT.  iS.  Library  of  Conoress:  ...  A  list  of  lK)oka  (with  references  to  periodicalfl)  on 
immigration.  Compiled  under  the  dirction  of  A.  P.  (\  Griffin.  3rd  iamie 
with  additions.     Washington,  (lovemment  printing  office,  1907.     157  p. 

.  .  .  List  of  b(K)k6  with  references  to  i)eriodicals  relating  to  trusts. 

Compiled  under  the  direction  of  A.  P.  ('.  Griffin.  Third  edition,  with 
5(i/>piemcntar}'  select  I'st  to  1906.  Washington,  Government  printing 
office,  1907.     vii,  93  p     8P. 


LIBBAl^T    ADDITIONS.  XXXIX 

UrrutIa  F.,  Carlos:  .  .  .  La  educaci6n  laico-social  por  Carlos  Umitia  F.     .  .  .    San 

Salvador,  Tip.  salvadorefia,  1907.     13  p.     12*^. 
Wagner,  C:  La  vida  eencilla  por  C.  Wagner.    Versi6n  espanola  de  H.  Giner  de  los 
Rfo8.     Buenos  Aires,  Est.  tip.  '*E1  Comercio,"  1907.     277  (1)  p.    8**. 

(At  head  of  title:  " Libros  para  el  maestro,  edicidn  hecha  por  el  "Monitor  de  la  Kduca- 
citocomAn.") 

Weed,  Walter  Harvey:  The  copper  mines  of  the  World.     By  Walter  Harvey  Weed 

.  .  .     New  York  and  London,  Hill  publishing  company,  1907.     xiv,  375  p. 

ill  us.,  diagrs.,  maps.    8®. 
WiKSOR,  Justin:  Christopher  Columbus,  and  how  he  received  and  imparted  the  spirit 

of  discovery;  By  Justin  Winsor  .  .  .     Boston  and  New  York,  Houghton, 

Mifflin  &  CO.,  1891.     xi,  674  p.     illus.,  maps,  plans.     8°. 
WooDRUTF,  Charles  E.:  The  effects  of  tropical  light  on  white  men.     By  Major 

Chas.  E.  Woodruff  .  .  .     New  York  and  London,  Rebman  company,  1905. 

vi,  (1),  358  p.     8®. 
Wright,  Herbert:  Theobroma  cacao  or  cocoa;  its  botany,  cultivation,  chemistry, 

and  diseases.     By  Herbert  Wright  -.  .  .     Colombo,  A.  M.  &  J.  Ferguson, 

1907.     xii,  249p.     aius.     8®. 
Van ^8,  Francisco  J.:  .  .  .  El  Bardo  de  Av6n.     (Estudio  de  Shakespeare.)     Prologo 

del  Dr.  Joe^  M.  Garcia  Sudrez.     Manila,  Imp.  de  "El  Mercantil,"  1903. 

161,  (2)  p.     8». 
YllAn,  Ferrer  &  Ca.  (eds.):  Gufa  y  directorio  de  la  ciudad  de  Cartagena,  Republica 

de  Colombia.     1907.     Primera  edici6n.     Cartagena.    Tip.   M.a   Patria," 

1907.    Cover-title,     various  paging.     1  v.     8**. 

MAPS  AND  ATLASES. 

Argentine  Repubuc.    Municipalidad  do  la  Capital  Federal.    Trazado  general  de 
los  ferrocarriles  metropolotanos.     Buenos  Aires,  mayo  de  1907.     Escala  de 
metroe,  1:20,000.     Size,  17  x  19  inches. 
(Map  to  show  underground  tramway  system.) 

Ministerio  de  agricultura.   Division  de  estadfstica  y  economfa  rural   1906. 

Superficie,  poblaci6n,  ferrocarriles,  cultivos  y  ganados  .  .  .  Size,  18i  x 
33  inches. 

Chile.  Canal  chiguao,  entrada  norte  de  Quellon  por  la  Canonera  Pilcomaya  .  .  . 
Pufolicado  por  la  Oficina  hidrogrdfica,  Valparaiso,  febroro  1906.  Size,  21  x 
22  inches. 

Magallanes   bahfa   Porvenir.     Por  el   ewampavfa    "Huemul,"    Comandaute 

Sefior  Carlos  Sierralta  en  1904  .  .  .  Publicado  por  la  Oficina  hidrografica, 
Valparaiso,  mayo,  1907.     Scale,  1:15,000.     Size.  11  x  20J  inches. 

Colombia.  Nueva  carta-geogrdfica  de  Colombia.  Por  F.  J.  Vorgara  y  Velasco,  geo- 
grafo.  1906.  Bogotd,  Imprenta  el^ctrica.  Segunda  edici6n.  14i  x  18i 
inches. 

Vergara  y  Velasco,  Francisco  Javier:  Atlas  complete)  de  geograffa  coloin- 

biana.  60  planchas,  texto  explicative  d  Indicc*  alfa))^'tir()  general.  Cartas 
generales,  cartas  departamentales,  carta**  Hoccionale.^  y  l(K'ales,  rartui*  his- 
t6rica8  y  cuadros  estadfsticoa  y  geogrdficos.  I^ogotii,  Imprenta  eK'ctrica, 
1906.     4^. 

Dominican  Republic.    Mapa  de  la  isla  de  Santo  Domingo  y  Haiti  por  el  General 
Casimiro  N.  de  Moya.     Oficialmento  adoptado  por  rosolucion  del  Con- 
greso  nacional   dominicana,   fecha   18   mayo  de    190G.     Chicago,    Rand, 
McNally  &  Co.,  1906.     Scale,  1:400.000.     Size,  37i  x  65  inches. 
(Containi  a  imall  map  of  the  city  of  Santo  Domingo  and  Port  au  Prince.) 


XL        INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

Mexico.  Carta  hidrogrdfica  del  valle  de  Mexico,  conteniendo  el  trazo  del  gran  canal 
y  tunel  para  el  desagiie  del  mismo  valle  y  de  la  ciudad  de  Mexico,  confonne 
al  proyecto  en  ejecuci6n.  1900.  Scale,  1: 200,000.  Size,  20)  x  30  inches. 
(In  Brief  sketch  of  the  drainage  works  of  the  valley  of  Mexico,  1901.) 

Carta  geol6gica  del  istmo  de  Tehuantepec.     Formada  por  la  Comi{;i6n  mexicana 

que  explore  el  istmo  el  afio  1871.  Escala,  1: 500,000.  Size,  13J  x  22  inches. 
(In  Informe  sobre  el  reconocimiento  del  istmo  de  Tehuantepec  .  .  .  por 
Manuel  Femdndez.) 

Carta  de  reconocimiento  del  istmo  de  Tehuantepec.     Formada  para  la  aper- 

tura  do  un  canal  interocednico  por  la  Comision  mexicana  nombrada  al 
efecto,  1871.  Escala  de  1:500,000.  Size,  16  x  21)  inches.  (In  Informe 
sobre  el  reconocimiento  del  istmo  de  Tehuantepec  .  .  .  por  Manuel  Fer- 
ndndez.) 

Carta  topogrdfica  del  EstaiK   de  Puebla.     Size,  Hi  x  15)  inches.     {In  Geo- 

grafla  del  Estado  de  Fuel. la  por  Ricardo  Mendez  Ponce.) 

General  map  of  the  City  of  Mexico,  showing  the  position  and  distribution  o." 

main  sewers,  lateral  sewers,  and  flushing  pipes.     Constructed  according 
to  the   project  of  Roberto  Gayol  .  .  .  1901.     Scale,  1:  7,500.     {In  Brief" 
description  of  the  works  executed  in  the  drainage  and  sanitation  of  the  City 
ofMexico,  1901.) 

Map  of  the  Mexican  Centrar  Railway  and  connections.    May  1897.     Chicago, 

Poole  Bros.  Size,  24  x  21  inches.  (In  Annual  report  of  Mexican  Central 
Railway,  1896.) 

Mexico  City.     Piano  do  la  ciudad  de  Mexico.     Fonnado  y  publicado  por  la  Com- 
panfalit.  y  tip.,conlos  ultimos  datos  oficiales  de  la  Direcci6n  general  de 
obras  ptiblicas.     1907.     Scale,  1: 10,000.     Size,  31  x  40  inches. 
(Accompanied  by  a  48-page  street  nomenclature.) 

Nicaragua.  Mapa  de  la  Republica  de  Nicaragua  levantado  por  orden  del  Gobiemo, 
por  Maxmilian  V.  Sonnenstem,  1859.  Lith.  G.  Kraetzer,  New  York. 
Size,  23  X  294  inch(*s. 

Peru.     Mapa  (h*  l<>s  ferrocarriles  del  Perd,  de  sus  principales  vlas  de  comunicaci6n 
terr(>stres,  fluviales  y  maritimos,  y  de  la  futura  red  ferroviaria  segdn  los 
pn)yecto8  llaniados  varaderos.     Trazado  por  Camilo  Vallejofl  Z.  .  .  . 
Esc-ala  de  1  mm.  por  3  kilometroe,  1906.     Size,  27i  x  32  inches.     (In  Peru 
in  190G.     By  A.  Garland.     Faces  p.  352.) 

Mapa  politico  y  geogrdlico  del  Peru.     Por  Camilo  Vallejos  Z,  cart^grafo  de  la 

Sociedad  g(H>gnitica  de  Lima,  1906.  Escala,  1  mm.  =  3  kil6metro8.  Size, 
27i  x  31  inches.     [In  Peru  in  1906.     By  A.  CJarland.     Faces  p.  92.) 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.:  Indextnl  atlas  of  the  World  .  .  .    Historical,  descriptive, 
statistical.     Chicago  [etc.],  Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  1907.    2  vol.     P. 
Vol.  1.  TnitiHi  States. 
Vol.  2.  Foreign  countries. 

South  America,     ('olombia  prima  or  South  America.     Drawn  from  the  laige  map  in 

<*ight  nheets  hy  Louis  Stanisla.s  d'An  y  Delarochette.     liondon,  publiahed 

)>y  JamcH  Wyhl  .  .  .   1S33.     Size.  30  x  43  inches. 
[Indexinl  jxH-ket  map  of  South  America)  publishcnl  by  Rand-McNally  «!c  Co., 

Chicago  &  Nrw  York.  1905.     Scale  ^*tatute  miU«,  191  to  1  inch;  kilomet4*ra, 

1^)3  to  1  inch.     Size.  19  x  26  inch<»s. 
Kartc  von  Su(l-Am<*rikii.     Hi»arbeit<*t  von  V.  Handtke.     Glogau,  Cari  Flem- 

ming.     Maasstab,  1 :13,000,0(X).     Size,  24}  x  30  inches. 
(Carl  Fieniniiiigs  Genenilkarten.  No.  41.) 

A  new  map  ••(  South  America  fn>m  the  lateHt  authorities  by  R.  Brooks,  M.  D. 

Ix^ndon,  PublishcKi  April  10th,  1819,  by  W.  Darton  .  .  .  Sise,  20x31 
inchoa. 


LIBRARY    ADDITIONS.  XLI 

BOTJHD  PBBIOBICAIiS  ADDED  TO  THE  SHELVES,  JXTLY-DECEMBEB, 

1907. 

American  Historical  Review.    New  York.     vols.  9,  10  &  11.     October,  1903,  to  July, 

1905.    3v. 
Annals  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science.    Vols.  28  &  29. 

July,  1906,  to  May,  1907. 
Board  of  Trade  Journal.    London.    Vol.  55.    October-December,  1906. 
Boletin  de  la  Academia  de  Historia  Nacional  de  Colombia.    Bogotd.    Tomos  1-3. 

Septiembre  de  1902-mayo  de  1906.    3  v. 
Boletfn  de  Estadistica  Fiscal.    Mexico.    Julio  de  1905-junio  de  1906.     2  v. 
The  Bookman.    New  York.     Sept.,  1906,  to  February,  1907. 

Bulletin  of  the  American  Geographical  Society.    Vol.  36, 1904,  and  vol.  38, 1906.    2  v. 
Bulletin  of  the  Geographical  Society  of  Philadelphia.    Vol.  4,  1904-1906. 
^ulletin  of  the  New  York  Public  Library.     New  York.    January-December,  1906. 
Century  Magazine.    New  York.     November,  1906,  to  April,  1907.    Vol.  73.     1  v. 
Diario  do  Conin^sso  Nacional.    Setembro-dezembro  1906.    2  v. 
Diario  Official.     Rio  de  Janeiro.     Outubro-dezembro  1906. 
Diario  Oficial.    Bogoti.    Agosto-diciembre  de  1892. 

Same.    Enero-mayo  de  1893. 

Same.    Enero  de  1894-diciembre  de  1895.    2  v. 

Same.    Febrero-diciembre  de  1896. 

Same.    Enero-diciembre  de  1897. 


■  Same.    Enero  de  1901-diciembre  de  1903.    3  v. 
-  Same.    Enero  de  1905-diciembre  de  1906.    2  v. 


Diario  Oficial.    Mexico.    Tomo  89.    Marzo-abril  de  1907. 

Gaceta  Oficial.    Havana.    Noviembre-diciembro  de  1906. 

Geographical  Journal.    London.    Vol.  29.    January-June,  1907. 

Libimry  Journal.    New  York.    Vol.30.    1905. 

Litenuy  Digest.    New  York.    Vol.  33.    Julio-diciembre  1906. 

Memorias  y  Revistas  de  la  Sociedad  Cientffica  ''Antonio  Alzate.''    Tomoe  22-23. 

1905-1906. 
Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  Public  Library  of  the  city  of  Boston.    Vols.  8  to  11.     1903- 

1906.  2  v. 

National  Geographic  Magazine.    Washington,  D.  C.    Vol.  17.     1906. 

North  American  Review.    New  York.    Vols.  180  to  184.    January,  1905,  to  June, 

1907.  6v. 

Records  of  the  Past.    Washington,  D.  C.    Vol.  5.     1906. 

Becadl  consulaire.    Brussels.    Tomes  132-135.     1907. 

Refviflta  de  Instrucci6n  Ptiblica.    Bogotd.    Tomos  17  &  18.    Julio  do  1905-Junio  dc 

1906.    2v. 
Soottiflh  Geographical  Magazine.    Edinburgh.    Vol.  12.     1906. 
The  Worid's  Work.    Vols.  12  &  13.    May,  1906,  to  April,  1907.    2  v. 


PERIODICAL  FILES. 


Those  publications  marked  with  an  asterisk  have  no  recent  numbers 
on  file. 


Persons  interested  in  the  commercial  and  general  news  of  foreign 
countries  will  find  the  following  among  the  official  and  periodical 
publications  on  the  permanent  files  in  the  Columbus  Memorial 
Library,  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics: 

ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 

Boletfn  de  la  Cdmara  Mercantil.     Barracas  al  Sud.    Weekly. 

Boletfn  Consular.    (Ministerio  de  Relaciones  Exteriores.)    Buenos  Aires.    Irregular. 

Boletin  del  Centro  Naval.     Buenos  Aires.    Monthly. 

Boletfn  de  la  Uni6n  Industrial  Argentina.     Buenos  Aires.    Monthly. 

*Boletfn  del  Institute  Geogrdfico  Argentine.     Buenos  Aires. 

*Boletfn  Demogrdfico  Argentine.     Buenos  Aires.     Irregular. 

Boletfn  Oficial  de  la  Republica  Argentina.     Buenos  Aires.     Daily. 

Boletfn  de  Preoios  Corrientes.     [Buenos  Aires.]    Weekly. 

Bollettino  Mensile  della  Camera  Italiana  di  Commercio  ed  Arti  in  Buenos  Aires. 

Buenos  Aires.     Monthly. 
Buenos  Aires  Ilandels-Zeitung.     Buenos  Aires.     Weekly. 
Buenos  Aires  Herald.     Buenos  Aires.     Daily  and  weekly. 
*E1  Comercio  Exterior  Argentine.     Buenos  Aires.     Irregular. 
La  Ilustracion  Sud  Americana.     Buenos  Aires.     Semimonthly. 
El  Monitor  de  la  Educacion  (-oinun.     Buenos  Aires.     Monthly. 
Monthly  Bulletin  of  Municipal  Statistics  of  the  City  of  Buenos  Aires.     Buenos  Aires. 

Monthly. 
La  Nacion.     Buenos  Aires.     Daily. 
Patentcs  y  Marcas.     Revista  Sud- Americana  de  la  Propiedad  Intelectual  ^  Industrial. 

Buenos  Aires.     Monthly. 
La  Prensa.     Buenos  Aires.     Daily. 
La  Raz6n.     Buenos  Aires.     Daily. 
Review  of  the  River  Plate.     Buenos  Aires.    Weekly. 
Revista  de  la  Liga  de  Defensa  Comercial.     Buenos  Aires.     Semimonthly. 
Re\'ista  Mensual  de  la  Cdmara  Mercantil.     Avelleneda.     Monthly. 
Revista  de  Derecho,  nistoria  y  Letras.     Buenos  .Vires.     Monthly. 
Revista  Nacional.     Buenos  Aires.     Monthly. 
Sanniento.     Buenos  Aires.     Daily. 
The  Standard.     Buenos  Aires.     Mail  supplement. 
Trihuna.     Buenos  Aires.     Daily. 


PERIODICAL    FILES.  XLHI 

BELblUM. 

Recueil  consulaire.    Bnixelles.    Quarterly. 

BOLIVIA. 

*Boletfn  de  la  Oficina  Nacional  de  Imnigracidn,  Estadfstica  y  Propaganda  Geogrdfica. 

La  Paz.    Quarterly. 
Boletfn  de  la  Sociedad  Geogrdfica  de  la  Paz.    La  Paz.     Irregular. 
El  Comercio.    La  Paz.    Daily. 
£1  Estado.    (Diario  Oficial.)    La  Paz.    Daily. 
El  Progreeo  de  Bolivia.    La  Paz.    Irregular. 
Reviflta  del  Mimsterio  de  Coloiiizaci6n  y  Agricultura.    La  Paz.    Quarterly. 


Boletim  da  Agricultura.     Secretario  da  Agricultura,  Comercio  e  Obras  Publicas  do 

Estado  de  Sao  Paulo.    Sao  Paulo.    Monthly. 
Boletim  do  Museo  Goeldi.    Pard.    Irregular. 
Boletim  da  Secretaria  de  Agricultura,  Via^ao,  Industria  e  Obras  Publicas  do  Estado 

da  Bahia.    Bahia.    Monthly. 
*Bol6tim  do  Servi^o  da  E^tatistica  Commercial  da  Republica  dos  Estados  Unidos  do 

Biaail.    Rio  de  Janeiro.    Irregular. 
'Brazilian  Mining  Review.    Oiu-o  Preto.    Monthly. 
Brazilian  Review.    Rio  de  Janeiro.    Weekly. 
Diario  da  Bahia.    Bahia.    Daily. 
Diario  do  Congresso  Nacional.    Rio  de  Janeiro.    Daily. 
Diario  Oficial.    Rio  de  Janeiro.    Daily. 
♦Gazeta  Commercial  e  Financeira.    Rio  de  Janeiro.    Weekly. 
Joraal  do  Recife.    Pemambuco.    Daily. 
Jomal  dos  Agricultores.     Rio  de  Janeiro.     Semimonthly. 
O  Paiz.    Rio  de  Janeiro.    Daily. 
Provincia  (A)  do  Par&.    Belem.    Daily. 
ReviBta  Agricola.    Sao  Paulo.    Monthly. 
Revista  Maritima  Brasileira.     Rio  de  Janeiro.    Monthly. 


Analee  de  la  Universidad.    Santiago.    Monthly. 

Boletfn  del  Ministerio  de  Relaciones  Esteriores.     Santiago.    Monthly. 

Boletfn  de  la  Sociedad  Agrfcola  del  Sur.    Concepci6n.     Semimonthly. 

Boletfn  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril.     Santiago.     Monthly. 

Boletfn  de  la  Sociedad  Nacional  de  Agricultura.     Santiago.    Weekly. 

Boletfn  de  la  Sociedad  Nacional  de  Minerfa.     Santiago.     Monthly. 

♦Diario  Oficial  de  la  Repdblica  de  Chile.     Santiago.     Daily. 

El  Mercurio.    Valparaiso.    Daily. 

El  Noticiero  Comercial.     Santiago  de  Chile.    Monthly. 

El  Pensamiento.    Santiago.    Monthly. 

La  Revista  Comercial.    Valparaiso.    Weekly. 

•Revista  Comercial  6  Industrial  de  Minaa.     Santiago.     Monthly. 

Revista  de  Marina.    Valparaiso.    Monthly. 

COLOMBIA. 

Diario  Oficial.    Bogoti.    Daily. 

El  Porvenir.    Cartagena.    Daily. 

Revista  de  la  Instruccidn  Pdblica  de  Colombia.    Bogoti.    Monthly. 

Revista  del  Ministerio  de  Obras  Ptiblicas  y  Fomento.    Bogota.    MoT\l\i\^ . 


XLIV       INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEFUBUCS. 

COSTA   RICA. 

Boletfn  Judicial.     San  Jos^.    Daily. 

La  Gaceta.    [Diario  Oficial.]    San  Jos^.     Daily. 

La  Prensa  Libre.     San  Joe^.     Daily. 

CUBA. 

Boletfn  Oficial  de  la  Cdmara  de  Comercio,  Indiistria  y  Navegaoi6n  de  la  Isla  de  Culw. 

Habana.    Monthly. 
Boletfn  Oficial  del  Departamento  del  Estado.     Habana.    Monthly. 
Derecho  y  Sociologfa.     Habana.    Monthly. 
El  Economista.    Habana.    Weekly. 
El  Estudio.    Boletfn  de  Derecho,   Legi8laci6n.  Jiiriflprudencia  y  Administraoion. 

Habana.    Trimonthly. 
La  Gaceta  Econ6raica.     Habana.    Semimonthly. 
Gaceta  Oficial  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Cuba.     Habana.     Daily. 
Informe  Mensual   Sanitario  y  Demogrdfico  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Cuba.     Habana. 

Monthly. 
Informe  Mensual  Sanitario  y  Domogrdfico  de  Cienfuegos.    Oienfuegoe.    Monthly. 
Informe  Mensual  Sanitario  y  Demogrdfiro  de  Matanzas.    Matanzas.    Monthly. 
La  Lucha.    Habana,  Cuba.     Daily. 
Revista  Municipal  y  do  Intereat^a  Econ6micofl.     Habana.    Semimonthly. 

DOMINICAN    REPUBLIC. 

Gaceta  Oficial.     Santo  Domingo.    Weekly. 
Revista  de  Agric^ltura.     Santo  Domingo.    Monthly. 

ECUADOR. 

Anales  de  la  Universidad  Central  del  Ecuador.     Quito.    Monthly. 

Gaceta  Municipal.    Guayaquil.    Weekly. 

Registro  Oficial  de  la  Reptiblica  del  Ecuador.    Quito.    Daily. 

El  Telegrafo.     Guayaquil.     Daily. 

El  Tiempo.    Quito.     Daily. 

GREAT    BRITAIN. 

Board  of  Trade  Journal.     liondon.     Weekly. 

Commercial  Intelligence.     I^mdon.     Weekly. 

Diplomatic  and  Conpular  Rei)ort8.     I^mdon. 

Geographical  Journal,     l-iondon.     Monthly. 

Mining  (The)  Journal.  Railway  and  Commercial  Gazette.     London.    Weekly. 

The  Scottish  Geographic  Magjvzine.     Edinburgh.    Monthly. 

South  American  Journal.     I^)ndon.     Weekly. 

Times  (TheV     I^mdon.     Daily.     (Filed  for  one  year.) 

Tropical  Life.     I>ondon.    Monthly. 


L*Am^rique  I^tine.     Paris.     Daily. 

Les  Annalcv  Diplomatiques  et  Consulain***.     Paris.    Mcmthly. 
L(»  Hr^'sil.     Paris.    Weekly. 

Bulletin  American  Chamber  of  Commerce.     Paris.     Monthly. 
Bulletin  de  la  Cham))re  d<»  Commerce  de  Paris.     Paris.     Weekly. 
Bulletin  de  la  S<H'i^'t^  de  (V»ographie  Commerciale  de  Paris.     Paris.     Irregular. 
La  GA)graphie.     Bulletin  de  la  S<Ki^»te  d<'  ( li'^ographie.    Paris.    Semimonthly. 
Journal  d  AgriciiWuTi^  Tropicale.     Paris.     Monthly. 


FEBIODIOAL   FILBS.  XLV 

Monheur  Officiel  du  Ck>inmerce.    Paris.    Weekly. 

Le  Nouveau  Monde.    Paris.    Weekly. 

Rapports  commerciaux  des  agents  diplomatiques  et  consulaires  de  France.    Paris. 

Irregular.    [Sup.  to  "Moniteur  Officiel  du  Commerce.**] 
La  Revue.     Paris.    Semimonthly. 
•Revue  du  Commerce  Ext^rieur.     Paris.     Semimonthly. 

GERMANY. 

Berichte  iiber  Handel  und  Industrie.    Berlin.    Weekly. 

Petermann's  Mitteilungen.    Gotha.    Monthly. 

Sudamerikanidche  Rundschau.    Berlin.    Monthly. 

Der  Tropenpflanzer.    Berlin.    Monthly. 

Zeitschrift  der  Gesellschaft  fur  Erdkulide  zu  Berlin.    Berlin.    Monthly. 

GUATEMALA. 

Boletfn  de  Agricultura.    Guatemala.     Irregular. 

El  Guatemalteco.    Guatemala.    Daily.     (Diario  Oficial.) 

La  Locomotora.    Guatemala.    Monthly. 


♦Bulletin  Officiel  de  T Agriculture  et  de  T  Industrie.     Port-au-Prince.    Monthly. 

Le  Matin.    Port  au  Prince.     Daily. 

*Le  Moment.     (Journal  politique.)     Port-au-Prince,  Haiti.     Weekly. 

Le  Moniteur.     (Journal  officiel  de  la  R^publique  d' Haiti.)     Port-au-Prince,  Haiti. 

Biweekly. 
Revue  de  la  Soci^t^  de  Legislation.     Port-au-Prince,  Haiti.    Monthly. 

HONDURAS. 

Boletin  Legislative.    Tegucigalpa.     Daily. 
El  Estado.     Tegucigalpa.     (3  nos.  per  week.) 
La  Gaceta.    Tegucigalpa.    (Official  paper.) 
•Gaceta  Judicial.    Tegucigalpa.    Semi  weekly. 

Revista  del  Archive  y  Biblioteca  Nacional  de  Honduras.     Tegucigalpa,  Honduras. 
Monthly. 

ITALY. 

Bollettino  del  Ministero  degli  Affari  Esteri.     Roma.     Irregular. 


£1  Agricultor  Mexicano.    Ciudad  Juarez.    Monthly. 
Anales  del  Museo  Nacional  de  Mexico.    Mexico.    Monthly. 
Boletin  de  Estadlstica.    Merida.     Semimonthly. 
Boletin  del  Institute  Cientlfico  y  Literario.    Toluca.    Monthly. 
Boletin  Oficial  del  Distrito  sur  de  la  Baja  California.     La  Paz.    Weekly. 
Boletin  de  la  Secretaria  de  Fomento,  Colonizaci6n  6  Industria.    Mexico.    Monthly. 
Boletin  Oficial  de  la  Secretaria  de  Relaciones  Exteriores.    Mexico.    Monthly. 
Diario  Oficial.    Mexico.     Daily. 
El  £kx>nomista  Mexicano.    Mexico.    Weekly. 
El  Hacendado  Mexicano.    Mexico.    Monthly. 
Mexican  Herald.    Mexico.    Daily.     (Filed  for  one  year.) 
Mexican  Investor.    Mexico.    Weekly. 
Mexican  Journal  of  Commerce.    Mexico  City.    Monthly. 

Peri6dico   Oficial   del   Gobiemo  del    Estado  de  Guerrero.    Chilpancingo,  Mexico. 
Weekly. 

M18I— Bun.  1—08 20 


XLVI       INTEBNATIONAL   BUREAU   OP   THE  AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Pcriudico  Oficial  del  Gobiemo  del  Estado  de  Michoacan  de  Ocampo.    Morel ia,  Mexico. 

Semiweekly. 
*Peri6dico  Oficial  del  Gobiemo  del  Estado  de  Oaxaca.    Oaxaca  de  Juarez.  Mexico. 

Semiweekly. 
Peri6dico  Oficial  del  Gobiemo  del  Estado  de  Tabasco.    San  Juan  Bautista.  Mexico. 

Semiweekly. 
El  Progreso  Latino.    Mexico.    Weekly. 
El  Republicano.    Aguascalientes.    Weekly. 
Semana  Mercantil.    Mexico.    Weekly. 


NICARAGUA. 


The  American.    Bluefields.    Weekly. 
El  Gomercio.    Managua.    Daily. 
^Diario  Oficial.    Managua.    Daily. 


Gaceta  Oficial.    Panamd.    Daily. 

Star  and  Herald.     Panamd.    Weekly. 

Registro  Judicial,  Organo  del  Poder  Judicial  de  la  Repdblica.     Panami.    Irregular. 

PARAGUAY. 

*Boletln  Quincenal  de  la  Cdmara  de  Comercio  de  la  Asuncion.    Asuncion.    Semi- 
monthly. 
Diario  Oficial.    A8unci6n.     Daily. 
Paraguay  Rundschau.    Asunci6n.    Weekly. 
*Revi8ta  del  Instituto  Paraguayo.     Asuncion.    Monthly. 
Revue  Commerciale.     Assumption.     Semimonthly. 


Auxiliar  del  Comercio.     Callao.     Biweekly. 

Boletfn  de  Minas,  Industrias  y  Construcciones.     Lima.    Monthly. 

Boletfn  del  Ministerio  de  Fomento.     Direcci6n  de  Fomento.     Lima.    Monthly. 

Direcci6n  de  Obras  Piiblicas.     Lima.    Monthly. 

Boletfn  de  la  Sociodad  Geogrdfica  de  Lima.     Lima.    Quarterly. 

*Boletfn  de  la  Sociedad  Nacional  de  Agricultura.     Lima.     Monthly. 

Boletfn  de  la  Sociedad  Nacional  do  Minerfa.     Lima.    Monthly. 

*E1  Economista.     Lima.    Weekly. 

*E1  Peruano.     (Diario  Oficial.)     Lima.     Daily. 

Rcvista  de  (-iencias.     Lima.     Monthly. 

Revista  Pan- Americana.     Lima.     Monthly. 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 

Boletfn  de  la  Camara  de  Comercio  Fillpina.    Manila.    Monthly. 

El  Mercantil.     Manila.     Daliy. 

Official  Gazette.    Manila.     W(H.'kly.     (Also  issued  in  Spanish.) 

PORTO  RICO. 

T^  Correspondencia  do  Puerto  Rico.     San  Juan.     Daily. 

EL  SALVADOR. 

Anales  del  Museo  Nacional.     San  Salva<lor.    Monthly. 
Boletfn  de  Agri(!ultura.     San  Salvador.     Semimonthly. 
Boletin  de  la  Direccion  General  de  EsUdfstica.    San  Salvador.    Irregular. 


PERIODICAL   FILES.  XLYU 


Dimrio  del  Salvador.    San  Salvador.    Daily. 

Diario  Oficial.    San  Salvador.    Daily. 

*ReviBta  de  Derecho  y  Jurisprudencia.    San  Salvador.    Monthly 


Boletin  de  las  cimaras  de  comercio,  industria  y  navegaci6n  y  de  las  cdmaras  agrfcolas. 
Madrid.    Monthly. 

UNITBD  STATES. 

American  Banker.    New  York.    Weekly. 

American  Exporter.    New  York.    Semimonthly.    (Alternate  Spanish  and  English 

editions.) 
American  Historical  Review.    New  York.    Quarterly. 
American  Made  Goods.    New  York.    Quarterly. 
American  Mining  Review.    Los  Angeles.    Weekly. 
American  Political  Science  Review.    Baltimore,  Md.    Quarterly. 
American  Review  of  Reviews.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Annals  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  Philadelphia. 

Bimonthly. 
Bankers'  Magazine.    New  York.    Monthly. 
£1  Boletin  Ck>mercial.    St.  Louis.    Monthly. 
Bookman  (The).    New  York.    Monthly. 
BuUetin  of  the  American  Oeographical  Society.    New  York. 
Bulletin  of  the  Oeographical  Society  of  Philadelphia.    Philadelphia.    Monthly. 
Buyer's   Index.      New  York.      Semimonthly.      (Alternate   Spanish   and   English 

editions.) 
Canal  Record.    Ancon,  C.  Z.    Weekly. 
Century  Magazine.    New  York.    Monthly. 
El  Comercio.    New  York.    Monthly. 
The  Cuba  Review.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Current  Literature.    New  York.    Monthly.  • 

Dun's  Review.    New  York.    Weekly. 

Dun's  Review.    International  edition.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Elngineering  Magazine.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Engineering  and  Mining  Journal.    New  York.    Weekly. 
Engineering  News.    New  York.    Weekly. 
Export  Implement  Age.    Philadelphia.    Monthly. 
Exporters  and  Importers  Journal.    New  York.    Monthly. 
♦Forum  (The).    New  York.    Qharterly. 
Fruit  Trade  Journal.    New  York.    Weekly. 
Independent  (The).    New  York.    Weekly. 
India  Rubber  World.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Journal  of  American  History.    New  Haven,  Conn.    Quarterly. 
Journal  of  Ceography.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Library  Journal.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Literary  Digest.    New  York.    Weekly. 
Mines  and  Minerals.    Scranton,  Pa.    Monthly. 
Mining  World.    Chicago.    Weekly. 
Modem  Mexico.    St.  Louis.    Monthly. 
Monthly  Consular  and  Trade  Reports.    (Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.) 

Washington.    Monthly. 
National  Geographic  Magazine.    New  York.    Monthly. 
North  American  Review.    New  York.    Monthly. 
Novedades  (Us).    New  York.    Weekly. 


XLVIII      INTERNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OP   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBUCS. 

Outlook  (The).    New  York.    Weekly. 

Pan-American  Magazine.    Mexico.    Monthly. 

Pan-American  Review.    New  York.    Monthly. 

Patent  and  Trade  Mark  Review.    New  York.    Monthly. 

Scientific  American.    New  York.    Weekly. 

Scientific  American.     Export  Ekiition.     New  York.    Monthly. 

Sister  Republics.    Denver,  Colo.    Monthly. 

Tea  and  Ck)ffee  Trade  Journal.    New  York.    Monthly. 

United  States  Tobacco  Journal.    New  York.    Weekly. 

World  To-Day  (The).     Chicago.    Monthly. 

World's  Work.     New  York.    Monthly. 

•  \:ruquay. 

Anales  del  Departamento  de  Ganaderla  y  Agricultiura.    Montevideo.    Monthly. 
Montevideo  Times.    Montevideo.    Daily. 

Revista  de  la  Asociacidn  Rural  del  Uruguay.    Montevideo.    Monthly. 
Revista  de  la  Uni6n  Industrial  Uruguaya.    Montevideo.    Semimonthly. 

VENEZUELA. 

Boletfn  de  Estadfstica.    Caracas.    Monthly. 
Kl  Fon^grafo.    Maracaibo.     Daily.   . 
El  Horaldo  Industrial.    Caracas.    Semimonthly. 
Ciaoeta  Oficial.    Caracas.    Daily. 


IiATIN'AllEBIOAir  BEPBKSBMTATiySS.  XI 


LATIN-AMEBIGAir  BEFBESENTATIYES  IN   THE   UNITED 

STATES. 


AMBASSADORS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Brazil Mr.  Joaquim  Nabuco, 

Office  of  Embassy,  1710  H  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mexico Sefior  Don  Enrique  C.  Cbbbl, 

Absent. 

ENVOYS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTERS  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Argentine  Republic Sefior  Don  Epipanio  Portela, 

Office  of  Legation,  2108  Sixteenth  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Bolivia Sefior  Don  Ignacio  Calder6n, 

Office  of  Legation,  1683  Sixteenth  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Chile Sefior  Don  Anibal  Cruz, 

Office  of  Legation,  1629  New  Hampshire  avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Colombia Sefior  Don  Enrique  Cortes, 

Office  of  Legation,  1728  N  street.  Washington,  D.  C. 

Coeta  Rica .Sefior  Don  Joaquin  Bernardo  Calvo, 

Office  of  Legation,  1829  Eighteenth  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Caba SefXor  Don  Gonzaix)  de  Quesada, 

Office  of  Legation,  "The  Wyoming,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Ecuador Sefior  Don  Luis  Felipe  Carbo, 

Office  of  Legation,  1302  Connecticut  ayenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Guatemala .Sefior  Dr.  Don  Luis  Toledo  Hrrrabte, 

Absent. 

Haiti Mr.  J.  N.  L6ger, 

Office  of  L^ation,  1429  Rhode  Island  avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

HoDduras Dr.  Anoel  Uqarte, 

Office  of  Legation,  "The  New  Willard,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Nicaragua Sefior  Don  Luis  F.  Corea, 

Office  of  Legation,  2008  O  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Fanama Sefior  Don  J.  Domingo  de  OBALDf  a, 

Absent. 

Sefior  Don  Josife  AgustIn  Arango, 
Office  of  Legation,  "The  Highlands,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Pera Sefior  Don  Felipe  Pardo, 

Office  of  L^ation,  1601  Twenty-second  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Salvador Sefior  Don  Federico  Me-iI a, 

Absent. 

Umgnay ' Sefior  Dr.  Don  Luis  Mklian  Lafinur, 

Office  of  Legation,  1529  Rhode  Island  avenue,  Wa.shIngton,  D.  C. 

MINISTER  RESIDENT. 

Dominican  Republic Sefior  Don  Emilio  C.  Joubert, 

Office  of  Legation,  "The  Shoreham,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

charges  d'affaires. 

Mexico Sefior  Don  Jos6  F.  Godoy, 

Office  of  Embassy,  1416  I  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Gnalemala ? Sefior  Dr.  Ramon  Bengobchea, 

Office  of  L^ation,  2-4  Stone  steeei,  New  York  City. 

Venesoela Sefior  Don  Augusto  F.  Pulido, 

Office  of  Legation,  1737  U  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Ill  UMITKD  8TATB8  BKPBESBllTATIVn. 


UNtTBD  STATES  BEPRESEHTATIVES  DT  THE  LATIN- 
AMKRTOAW  BEPUBUGS. 


^>»M$;)k^^>^  ixn^AOROINARY  AND  PLEWWlTtWrTKUtY. 

Y^fi^vf ',  Irving  B.  DrntiT.  Rio  de  Janmro. 

Si^V^S^  David  R  Thoxfwx,  Mexico. 

%JV»^V$  SXTIIAORDINARY  AND  MINISTERS  PLENIP0TENT1AIIY. 

V  NS*^^^'  >Ur^^iic A.  M.  BsAUPEi,  Boencw  Aires. 

"t^  ^t\^  William  B.  Sorsby,  La  Pte. 

^\*  \  John  Hicks,  Santiago. 

^v,s ,^.  vjk    Thomas  C.  Dawson,  Bogota 

^  V vvv^  ^b\'* William  L.  Mbrry,  San  JO06. 

^  ^  N(^     Edwin  V.  Morgan,  Havana. 

V  v^i\vr Williams  C.  Fox,  Quito. 

vxv^U'iMUa Joseph  W.  J.  Lke,  Guatemala  City. 

Hi^vU Henry  W.  Fitrniss,  Port  au  Prinoa, 

Ux^ulums (See  Salvador. ) 

Xu'Mra^cua (See  Costa  Rica. ) 

INiOMuaa Herbert  G.  Squiers,  Panama. 

INyraguay (See  Uruguay.) 

IVru Leslie  Combs,  Lima. 

^Ivador H.  Percival  Dodge,  San  SaU-ador. 

Vmguay Edward  C.  O'Brien,  Montevideo. 

V«neiuela W.  W.  Russell,  Caracas. 

MINISTER  RESIDENT  AND  C0N8UL-QENERAL. 

Dominican  Republic Kenton  R.  MoCrbbry,  Santo  Domingo. 


VALUE   OF    LATIN-AMEBIOAN    COINS. 


xm 


VALUE  OF  LATIN-AMEBIOAN  COINS. 


The  following  table  shows  the  value,  in  United  States  gold,  of  coins  representiiijif 
the  monetary  units  of  the  Central  and  South  American  Republics  and  Mexico,  esti- 
mated quarterly  by  the  Director  of  the  United  States  Mint,  in  pursuance  of  act  of 
Congress: 

ESTIMATE  JANUARY  1,1908. 


Comitiles. 

Standftrd. 

Gold.... 
Silver  ... 

Gold.... 
Gold.... 

Silver... 
Gold.... 

Gold.... 

Gold.... 
Gold.... 

Gold.... 

Gold.... 

Gold.... 
Gold.... 

Gold.... 

Unit. 

Value 

In  U.  3. 

gold 

or 

silver. 

Coins. 

AbobntinsRbpublic  . 
Bolivia ........ 

Peso  .... 
Boliviano 

Milreis.. 
Colon  . . . 

Peso  .... 
Peso 

Dollar... 

Sucre 

Gourde.. 

Pe80«... 

Balboa.. 

Libra  ... 
Peso 

Bolivar.. 

$0,965  1 
.429 

.546| 
.465 

.429 
.365 

1.000 

.487  1 
.965  1 

.498 

1.000 

4.866l| 
1.034  1 

.193 

Gold— Argentine  ($4,824)  and 

}  Argentine. 
Silver— Peso  and  divisions. 

f;iily^r — Boliviano    and     divi- 

Brazil  

sions. 

Gold— 5.  10,  and  20  mih^is. 
Silver— J,  1,  and  2  milreis. 

Gold— 2,  5,  10,  and  20  colons 

($9,307). 
Silver— 5,  10,  25,  and  50  cen- 

timos. 

Silver — Peso  and  divisions. 

Gold-Escudo  ($1,825),  doub- 
loon  ($3,650),  and  condor 

CSMT&AL     AmKBICAN 

Statbs— 
Costa  Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Salvador 

Chili 

Colombia  ........... 

($7,300). 
Silver— Peso  and  divisions. 

Gold— Condor    ($9,647)    and 
double  condor. 

Ecuador  

Silver— Peso. 

Gold— lOsucres  ($4.8665) . 

Hahi 

Silver — Sucre  and  divisions. 
Gold— 1,  2,  5,  and  10  gourdes. 

Mrzi<x> 

Silver— Gourde  and  divisions. 

Gold— 5  and  10  pesos. 
Silver— Dollar  ft  (or  peso)  and 
divisions. 

Gold— 1,    2},   5,    10,   and    20 
balboas. 

Pakama 

Pwwv 

Silver— Peso  and  divisions. 
Gold— i  and  1  libra. 

XJWOOVAY 

Silver— Sol  and  divisions. 
Gold— Peso. 

VairRsnRLA 

Silver— Peso  and  divisions. 

Gold^,  10,  20,  50,  and   100 
bolivars. 

Silver — 5  bolivars. 

«76  centigrams  fine  gold. 


b  Value  in  Mexico.  0.496. 


«t 


International  Union  of  American  Republics 


Monthly  Bulletin 


or  THE.. 


International  Bureau 


or  THE. 


American  Republics 


Vol.  26.  No.  2 

FEBRUARY,  1908 

Whole  No.  173 


WASHINGTON.  D.  C,  U.  S.  A. 

CSOVEIRNMEINT  PRINTING  OmCE: 
1908 


i 


JOHN    BARRETT, 
Director  of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics. 


FRANCISCO  J.  YANES, 

Secretary. 


WILLIAM  C.  WELLS, 

Chief  Clerk. 


GENERAL   TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.  lU 


GENERAL  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Tables  of  contents: 


Page. 
English  section iv 

Spani^  section « vi 

Portuguese  section viii 

French  section ix 


El  fndice  de  la  seccion  castellana  se  halla  en  la  piigina vi 

La  secci6n  castellana  comienza  en  la  pdgina 379 

O  indice  da  sec^fto  portugueza  encontra-se  a  pagina viii 

A  sec^ao  portugueza  encontra-se  li  pagina 445 

On  trouvera  la  Table  des  Matieres  il  la  page ix 

On  trouvera  la  section  fran^aise  il  la  jmge 471 


IV  TABLE   OP   CONTENTS. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Paire. 

I.— Editorial  Section 251 

The  Fourth  Pan- American  Conference— Conventions  and  rcsolations  of  the  Third 
Pan-American  Conference— Special  report  of  Prof.  William  R.  Shepherd-— Study 
of  South  American  history  and  politics— The  Central  American  Fraternity- 
First  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress— Addresses  on  Latin  America  by  the 
Director— South  American  travel  routes  and  conditions— Railways  of  the  Ai^en- 
tine  Republic— Bolivian  tin  in  the  world's  market— Legislative  measures  of 
the  Brazilian  Qovernment— Chile's  census  returns  and  legislative  enactments- 
Cuban  trade  in  1906-7— Mexico's  commercial  progress— The  new  agricnltural 
law  and  nibber  concessions  in  Nicaragua— Financial  status  of  Panama— The 
Paraguay  Central  Railway— Peruvian  trade  with  the  United  States— Commer- 
cial conditions  in  Salvador— Customs  receipts  and  trade  of  Uruguay  in  1907— 
Government  regulation  of  telegraphs  and  telephones  in  Venezuela. 

n.— Book  Notes 200 

Mexico  and  her  people  of  to-day— The  wealth  of  Central  America— Through 
South  America— Pictorial  guide  of  the  Argentine  Republic— Gold  mining  In 
Colombia— Plan  of  the  Amazon  River— New  Colombian  guide. 

IIL— Important  Meeting  of  the  Governing  Board 26S 

IV.— Death  of  Mr.  Arthur  W.  Fergvsson 268 

v.— Commercial  Relations  of  the  United  States  and  South  America 209 

Article  of  Prof.  William  R.  Shepherd. 

VI.— South  American  History  and  Politk-s  as  a  Field  for  Research 28S 

Article  of  Dr.  Hiram  i.ingham. 

VII.— Constitutional  Act  of  the  Central  American  Fraternity 0oi 

VIII.— First  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress SIO 

IX.— The  United  States  Fleet  from  Rio  to  Callao S14 

X.— Travel  Routes  and  Conditions  in  South  America sn 

XI.— Address  on  the  Development  of  South  America 324 

XII.— Sugar  Production  of  Latin  America 326 

XIII.— Argentine  Republic 838 

Internal  revenue  in  1907— Postal  and  telegraph  service  in  1907— Railroad  exploita- 
tion in  1907-Contract  for  the  pale  of  the  Andine  Railway— Exporti",  fir^t  eleven 
months  of  1907— Municipal  budget  of  Buenos  Ayres  for  1908. 

XIV.— Bolivia 339 

Tin  .supply  during  1907— Rubber  in  the  Province  of  Larccaja. 

XV.— Brazil 330 

Budget  law  for  1908— Continuance  of  tariff  concewions  for  United  Stat(?s  products— 
Cu.Mtoms  receipts  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  1907— Railway  con.struction  in  1907— Issue 
of  new  silver  money— Foreign  commerce,  ten  months  of  1907— Trade  move- 
ment at  the  port  of  Santos,  first  nine  months  of  1907— Boundary  treaty  with 
Colombia— A  modus  vivendi  agreement  between  Brazil  and  Colombia  relating 
to  the  Putamayo— Protocol  supplementary  to  the  modus  vivendi— Propaganda 
for  native  prcxluct**— Ratification  of  the  convention  for  the  creation  of  an  inter- 
national commission  of  Jurists— Regulations  governing  fcx)d  and  beverage  pre- 
servatives—Diamond mining  in  Minas  Gerae»— State  of  SAo  Paulo. 

XVI.-CHlLE 345 

(Uistoms  revenues,  first  eleven  months  of  1907— Contract  for  the  Arica-La  Paz 
Railway. 

XVII.— i\>LOMBIA 34t 

Exploitation  of  vegetable  ivory— Regulations  for  parcels-post- Restriction  of  pre- 
sen'ed  meat  imports. 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS.  V 

Page. 

XVIII.— C08TA  Rica 847 

Appraiflement  of  percussion  caps  and  shotgun  cartridges. 

XIX.— Cuba 347 

Report  of  the  Provisional  Governor  for  1907— Regulation  of  the  practice  of  phar- 
macy. 

XX.— Honduras 360 

Operation  of  the  Ceiba  Railroad. 

XXL— Mexico 851 

Foreign  commerce,  first  four  months  of  1907-8— Customs  revenues,  first  half  of 
1907-8— Registry  of  business  transactions,  1907— Patents  and  trade  marks  in  1907— 
Sisal  hemp  shipments  in  1907— Tehuantepec  transit  for  United  States  merchan- 
dise in  1907— Appropriations  for  public  works— Cotton  growing  and  manufac- 
ture—Silver basis  of  the  customs  and  stamp  taxes— Consular  reports. 

XXII.— Nicaragua 866 

New  agricultural  law— Blnefields  wharf  tax— Rubber  concession  and  industry. 

XXIII.— Panama 858 

Fiscal  revenues  in  1907— Panama  transit  for  United  States  merchandise  in  1907. 

XXIV.— Paraguay 350 

Operation  of  the  Paraguay  Central  Railroad— Rubber  growing  in  the  Republic. 

XXV.— Peru 862 

The  Cerro  de  Pasco  mines  in  1907— Shipments  of  vicufia  hides  and  wool— The 
Peruvian  Corporation  in  1906-7. 

XXVI.— Salvador 865 

Exports  during  the  first  half  of  1907— Port  movement,  first  half  of  1907— Customs 
revenues,  first  half  of  1907. 

XXVII.— United  States 366 

Trade  with  Latin  America  in  1907— Foreign  commerce  in  1907— The  status  of 
naturalized  citizens— Relative  distances  between  Atlantic  and  Pacific  ports  by 
land  and  sea— The  wool  production  of  1907. 

XXVIIL— Uruguay 876 

Customs  receipts,  first  eleven  months  of  1907— Reduction  of  light-house  dues— 
The  cereal  and  flax  crop,  1906-7. 

XXIX.— Venezuela 377 

Tariff  modifications— Regulations  of  the  telegraph  and  telephone  systems. 


VI  fNDICE. 


INDICE. 


Pft«1na. 

L.— dicci6N  Editobial 879 

La  Cuarta  Conf erexieia  PanamerieaBa— Laa  coiiTenekmes  j  resolucionea  de  la  Ter- 
cera  Conferencia  Panamericana— £1  informe  especial  del  Piofeaor  WUliam  R. 
Bhephetd— BBtodio  de  la  historia  y  la  politica  sodamericanafr— La  Fmtemldad 
Centroamericana— El  primer  Congreflo  Cientifico  Panamericano-^Disennoe  BObie 
]a  America  Latina  pronunciados  por  el  Director— I tinerarios  y  condldones  de 
Yiaje  en  la  America  del  Sar— Los  ferrocairOes  argentinos— El  estafio  de  Bolivia 
en  los  mercadofl  del  mundo—Medidas  legislatiyaa  del  GoMemo  Braaileflo— Bl 
comereio  de  Cuba  en  1906-7— El  censo  de  Chile  y  la  proma]gacl6a  de  algonas 
leyes— El  progreso  comercial  de  M^ico— La  nneya  ley  agrazia  y  laa  ooneMfconea 
relatiyaa  al  cultivo  de  la  goma  en  Nicaragui^— El  estado  financiero  de  PanamA— 
El  Ferrocarril  Central  de  Paraguay-*E1  comeiciodfil  Perd  OOQ  los  Estadoa 
Unldos— Las  coudiciones  comerciales  de  Salvador— La  renta  aduanem,  y  tH 
comereio  del  Uruguay  en  1907— Las  ILneas  telegr&ficaa  y  telef6nicas  del  Gobiemo 
de  Venezuela. 

II.— IMPORTANTE    REUNT6X    DEL  CONSEJO  DiRECTIVO  DE    LA  OFICINA    IKTKBNACIONAL    DB 

LAB  KEPtBUCAS  AMEBICANAS 889 

III.— MUEBTB  DEL  SEfJOB  ABTHUB  W.  FBBGUaSON 396 

I  v.— Rblaciones  Comerciales  de  los  Estados  Unidos  roir  la  AmArica  del  Stb 386 

Articulo  del  Prof.  William  R.  Shepherd. 

v.— Acta  Constitutiva  db  la  Fbatbbntdad  Cbntboam bricana 401 

VI.— Primer  Conqreso  CiENTf fico  Panambricano 409 

VII.— VlAJE  DE  la  ESCTTADRA  DE  LOS  ESTADOS  UNIDOS  DB  RiO  JANEIRO  AL  CALLAO 414 

VIII.— Conferencia  sobre  el  Desarrollo  de  la  America  del  sur 418 

IX.— La  Producci6n  de  AzCcar  en  la  America  Latina 419 

X.— RepCblica  Argentina 419 

La  renta  de  impuestos  internos  en  1907— Los  servicios  de  correos  y  teldgrafoa  en 
1J07— Exportaciones  durante  los  once  prlmeros  mcses  de  1907 — Contrato  para  la 
venta  del  Ferrocarril  Andino— Prcsupuesto  municipal  de  Buenos  Aires. 

XI.— Bolivia 428 

La  goma  en  la  Provincia  de  Larecaia. 

XII.— Brasil 428 

ContInuaci6n  de  las  concesiones  arancelarias  &  los  productos  de  los  Estadoa 
Unidos — Comereio  extranjcro  en  dicz  meses  dc  1907— Propaganda  &  favor  de  los 
productos  del  pals. 

XIII.— Colombia 426 

Kxplotaci6n  dc  la  tagua  en  los  bosquos  naeionales— Restricciones  en  las  Importa- 
clones  de  cames  conservadas. 

XIV.— Costa  Rica 426 

Aforo  de  los  cartut-hos  de  ej^opeta  y  fulminantes. 

XV.— ClBA 426 

Informe  del  Gobemador  Provisional  para  el  nho  de  1907— Reglamentaci6n  del  ejer- 
cicio  dc  la  farmacia. 

XVI.— Chile 429 

Rentas  aduaneras  on  onee  mesvs  do  1907— Promulgaci6n  de  modiflcacioncs  en  los 
dcreehos  de  aduana. 

XVII.— Kin- A  DOS  Unidos 410 

Comereio  con  la  America  Latina  en  1907— Comereio  extranjero  en  1907— El  estedo 
legal  de  los  ciudadanos  naturalizados— Distancias  relativas  cntre  los  puertos  del 
AtlAntioo  y  los  del  Paciflco  por  tierra  y  por  mar— La  prodacci6n  de  lana  en  1907. 


fNDICE.  VII 


Pfiglna. 

XVIII.— M4XIC0 433 

ComercJo  exterior  durante  los  cuatro  primeros  meses  de  1907-8— Rentas  adnaneras 
del  primer  semestrede  1907-8— Base  en  plata  de  los  impuesttos  de  timbre  yaduana 
en  febrero  de  1908— £1  caltivo  del  aIgod6n  y  la  fabricaci6n  de  articulos  de 
aIgod6n— Mercancias  de  los  Estados  Unidos  transportadas  por  el  Ferrocarrill  de 
Tehuantepec  en  1907— Embarques  de  henequ^n  en  1907— Informes  consulares— 
Asignaciones  de  fondos  para  obras  pilblicas. 

XIX.— Nicaragua 438 

Naeva  ley  de  agricultura. 

XX.— PAliAMi. 439 

Las  rentas  nacionalcs  en  1907— Mercancias  de  los  Estados  Unidos  transportadas  por 
el  Ferroearril  de  PanamA. 

XXI.— P«B<y , 440 

La  ••Peruvian  Corporation*'  en  1907. 

XXII.— SAJLYADOR 441 

La  exportaci6n  en  el  primer  semestre  de  1907— Movlmlento  maritimo  en  el  primer 
aemestre  de  1907.— Rentas  aduaneras  en  el  primer  semestre  de  1907. 

XXIEL— UBUeUAY 441 

La  coiecha  de  eerealee  y  lino  en  1906-7— Rentas  aduaneras  en  once  meses  de  1907— 
Rebaja  en  loe  derechoe  de  faros. 

XXIV.— VMOBUmLA 443 

Xodiflcaeiones  arancelarias— Reglamentaci6n  de  las  lineas  telegr&fioas  y  tele- 


VIII  LNDIOE. 


INDICE. 

I.— SEC^;io  Editorial 446 

A  Quarta  Conferencia  Pan-Americana^-ConyenQOcs  e  resolu^Oes  da  Terceira  Con- 
ference Pan-Americana— Relatorio  especial  do  Prof.  William  R.  Shepherd— 
Estado  da  historia  e  politica  sul-americanas— A  Fratemidade  Centro-Ameri- 
canar— Primeiro  Congresso  Scientifico  Pan-Americano— Discnrsoe  pronnnciados 
pelo  Director  sobre  a  America  Latina— Itinerarios  e  condi^Oes  para  viajar  na 
America  do  Sul— Estradas  de  f  erro  argentinas— Estanho  boliviano  no8  meicadoa 
do  mundo— Medidas  legislativas  brasileiras— Recenseamento  da  popula^fto  e  leii 
do  Chile— Com mercio  de  Cuba  em  190&-7— Progresso  commercial  do  Mexico- 
Nova  lei  agricola  e  concessOes  para  a  explora^fto  da  borracha  em  Nicaiagiia— 
8itua(>&o  financeira  do  PanamA— A  estrada  de  ferro  central  do  Paraguay— Com- 
mercio  entre  o  Peru  e  os  Estados  Unidos— Condi^Oes  commerciaes  em  SalTa- 
dor— Rendas  aduaneiras  e  commercio  do  Uruguay  em  1907— Regulamento  do« 
servicos  telegraphicos  e  tclephonicos  em  Venezuela. 

II.— Rkpubuca  Argentina 451 

Contracto  para  a  vcnda  da  estrada  do  ferro  andina. 

III.— Brazil 464 

Propaganda  doe  productos  nacionacs— Conven^&o  para  a  creac&o  de  uma  commlasio 
intcmacional  de  Jurisconsultos— Tratado  de  limites  com  a  Colombia— Accordo 
de  modus  vivendi  sobre  o  Putumayo,  entre  o  Brasil  e  a  Colombia— Protocollocom- 
plemcntar  do  modus  vivendi  assignado  entre  o  Brasil  e  a  Colombia  em  24  de  abril 
de  1907. 

IV.— Colombia 400 

Explorav&o  do  marfim  vegetal  nas  ilorestas  nacionaes. 

v.— CUBA 400 

Relatorio  do  Govemador  provisorio  para  o  anno  de  1907. 

VI.— Estados  Unidos 401 

Commercio  com  a  America  Latina  em  1907— Commercio  exterior  em  1907— Continua 
em  vigor  a  concess&o  feita  a  gcneros  de  procedencia  norte-americana— Distancias 
rclativas  entre  portoe  do  Atlantico  e  do  Paciflco  por  mar  e  terra— Conven^fto  fi- 
xando  a  condiyao  dos  cidad&os  natural izados. 

VII.— Mkxico 404 

Commercio  exterior  durante  os  primciros  quatro  mczcs  de  1907-«— Movimento  das 
mercadorias  nortc-americanas  pclo  Lsthmo  de  Tehuantepcc  em  1907 — Rendas  adua- 
neiras cm  dezembro  de  1907— Exporta^^ao  do  hcnnequen  em  1907. 

VIII.— Nicaragua 407 

Nova  lei  de  agricultura. 

IX.— Panama 468 

Rendas  aduancinis  em  1907— Mercadorias  dos  Estados  Unidos  que  trandtaram  pclo 
lsthmo  de  Panamd  em  1907. 

X.— Peru r-.      <« 

Generos  importados  de  Now  York  durante  o  primeiro  nemestre  de  1907. 

XI.— Salvador 409 

Movimcnto  da  exportavAo  durante  o  primeiro  semestre  de  1907— Rendas  aduanei- 
ra.<*,  primeiro  semestre  de  1907— Movimcnto  maritimo  no  primeiro  semestre  de 
1907. 

XII.— Uru<juay 470 

ProducvAo  de  cereaes  e  linho  em  1906-7. 
XIII.— PRODUcglo  de  A8SUCAR  NA  America  Latina 470 


TABLE    DE8   MATIERES.  IX 


TABLE  DES  MATlfiRES. 


A  KTicLis  DB  Fond 471 

ConTentioiia  et  ycfiax  de  la  troMdme  Conference  pan-am6ricalne— Rapport  special  de 
M.  William  R.  Shepherd— i^ude  mir  rhistoire  et  la  politique  de  TAnK^riqueduSud— Asso- 
ciation fratemelle  centro-am^ricaine— Premier  Congr^  Bcientiflque  pan-am6ricain— 
Conferences  sor  TAm^riqae  Latine  donn^es  par  le  Directeur  du  Bureau— Rcnaeigncm en ts 
Bor  la  mani^re  dont  on  peat  voyager  dans  1' Am^rique  du  Sud,  et  sur  Ics  routes  &  suivre. 

RtPUBUQUB  ABGENTINB 476 

Service  des  postes  et  t^l^graphes— Cherains  de  fer  en  exploitation. 

BOLIVIB 476 

Commerce  de  retain. 

datsiL 476 

Ddveloppement  agricole  et  minier  du  pays— Modifications  douanidres— Exploitation  de  mines 
diamantifdre»— Mesurcs  contre  I'emploi  de  prC'scrvatifs  nuisibles— Recettcs  douani^rcs  de 
Rio-de^aneiro  en  1907— Constmction  de  chemins  de  fer— Revision  du  tarif  douanier— 
Commerce  entre  le  Br^l  et  lea  £tatB-Unis.  y 

Cniu 477 

Reccttes  donanidres  pendant  lea  onze  premiers  mois  do  1907— Modifications  douani^rcs— 
Recensement  chi lien— Constmction  de  chemins  de  fer. 

CoLOM  BI E 478 

Exploitation  de  I'ivoire  vdg^tal — Marchandises  import^es  en  colis-postaux. 

Cuba 478 

Rapport  annuel  da  Oouvemeur. 

^ATB-Uim 479 

Commerce  avec  TAm^rique  Latine  en  1907 — Commerce  cxterieur  en  1907— Commerce  du 
transit  par  I'lsthme  de  Panama  en  1907— Loi  sur  la  nationality. 

Mexiqub 481 

Commerce  ext^rieur,  quatre  premiers  mois  de  1907— Travaux  publics— Kxpeditions  do 
chanvre— Recettes  douanidres,  premier  semestre  de  1907-1908. 

Kicabagua 482 

Noavelle  loi  agricole— Exploitation  du  caoutchouc. 

Panama 482 

Importations  provenant  des  £:tat8-(Jnis. 

Pabagcay 483 

Trafic  da  Paragoay  Central— Ex  porta  tions  de  caoutchouc  en  1907. 

PtBou 483 

Importations  de  Now- York,  premier  semeslre  de  1907— Dcveloppement  minier— Exportii- 
tions  de  laine  ot  de  cuirs  de  vicufia— Commerce  avec  les  ^tats-Unis  en  1907. 

Salvadob 4S4 

Recettes  douani^res,  premier  semestre  de  1907— Exportations,  premier  semestre  de  1907. 

UBCOUAY 484 

Recettes  douani^res,  onze  premiers  mois  de  1907— Commerce  avec  les  £tat>i-Uuis  en  1907. 
VtNtZUELA 484 

^tablissement  de  lignes  t^K^graphiques  et  t^l^phoniques. 


Wbile  the  utmost  care  is  taken  to  insure  accuracy  in  the  publications 
of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Bepublicsy  no  responsibility 
is  assumed  on  account  of  errors  or  inaccuracies  which  may  occur  therein. 


Poor  m^  que  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Bep^blicas  Americanas  pone 
escrupxQoso  cuidado  para  obtener  el  mayor  grado  de  correccidn  en  sus  publi- 
caciones,  no  asume  responsabilidad  alguna  por  los  errores  6  inexactitudes 
que  pudieran  deslizarse. 


Apezar  de  se  tomar  o  maior  cuidado  para  se  assegurar  correc^So  nas 
publicaQdes  da  Secretaria  Intemacional  das  Bepublicas  Americanas^  esta 
nSo  se  responsabeliza  pelos  erros  ou  inexactidOes  que  nellas  occorrerem. 


Bien  que  le  Bureau  International  des  B^publiques  AmMcaines  exerce  le 
plus  grrand  soin  pour  assurer  Inexactitude  de  ses  publications,  il  n'assumera 
aucune  responsabilit^  des  erreurs  ou  inexactitudes  qui  pourraient  s'y  glisser. 


Monthly  Bulletin 

OF  THE 

International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics, 

Imtemfttiomftl  Unioii  of  Ameriean  Bepnblies. 


Vol,  XXVI.  FEBRUARY,  1908.  No.  2. 


The  Fourth  Pan-American  Conference  will  be  held  in  Buenos  Aires, 
the  capital  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in  1910.  This  decision  was 
reached  at  the  regular  meeting  of  the  Governing  Board  of  the  Inter- 
national Bureau,  held  on  February  5,  1908.  The  vote  in  favor  of 
Buenos  Aires  was  unanimous,  and  felicitous  remarks  were  made  by 
the  diplomatic  representatives  present  in  recording  the  attitude  of 
their  respective  Governments.  The  meeting  was  largely  attended 
and  much  interest  was  shown  in  the  first  steps  taken  toward  the  next 
Conference  of  American  Republics.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Gov- 
erning Board  that  there  shall  be  careful  preparation  for  this  gathering, 
with  the  purpose  of  making  it  a  Conference  that  will  worthily  continue 
the  .work  done  by  the  three  preceding  ones,  held  respectively  in  Wash- 
ington, Mexico,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro.  It  is  fitting  that  the  Conference 
should  assemble  in  Buenos  Aires  during  the  year  1910,  for  the  Argen- 
tine Republic  is  preparing  then  to  celebrate  the  one  liundredth  anni- 
versary of  its  independence  upon  an  elaborate  scale.  Tliis  is  an  event 
that  interests  all  America,  and  will  provide  a  becoming  background 
for  the  sessions  of  the  Conference.  A  great  exposition  is  to  be  held  in 
commemoration  of  the  national  anniversary',  which  will  surely  attract 
large  numbers  of  people  from  l)oth  the  United  States  and  Europe. 
As  Buenos  Aires  now  has  a  population  of  1,140,000,  and  is  growing  as 
rapidly  as  any  city  in  the  United  States,  with  the  possible  exception 
of  New  York  and  Chicago,  it  ranks  among  the  chief  capitals  of  the 
world,  and  is  a  most  suitable  point,  both  for  the  Conference  and  a 
great  international  exposition.  The  definite  selection  of  place  and 
date  gives  abundant  time  not  only  for  the  Argentine  Government  to 
make  preparations,  but  for  the  Governing  Board  of  the  Bureau  to 
outline  the  necessary  programme. 


252      INTEBNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

CONVENTIONS   AND   RESOLUTIONS   OF  THE   THIRD   PAN-AMERICAN   CON- 
FERENCE. 

A  most  important  report  was  submitted  to  the  Governing  Board  at 
its  last  meeting,  in  regard  to  the  conventions  and  resolutions  signed  at 
the  Third  Pan-American  Conference  held  in  Rio  de  Janeiro.  The 
committee  consisted  of  Mr.  J.  N.  Leger,  Minister  of  Haiti,  Sefior  Don 
Epifanio  Portela,  Minister  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  Sefior  Don 
Felipe  Pardo,  Minister  of  Peru;  who  were  assisted  by  the  Director 
and  Secretary  of  the  Bureau  in  preparing  the  data.  The  report  is 
given  in  full  in  this  issue,  and  shows  just  what  is  the  present  situation 
in  regard  to  the  work  of  the  three  conferences.  It  also  shows  that 
action  must  be  taken  by  many  of  the  Governments  in  the  matter  of 
approval  or  disapproval  of  the  different  conventions  and  resolutions, 
so  that  the  way  may  be  cleared  for  the  Fourth  Conference.  The  com- 
mittee recommends  strongly  that  the  members  of  the  Governing 
Board  urge  upon  their  respective  Governments  immediate  considera- 
tion of  these  resolutions  and  conventions,  so  that  either  ratification 
may  be  forthcoming,  or  suggestions  may  be  made  as  to  their  amend- 
ment, which  can  be  submitted  to  the  next  Conference.  Among  the 
other  important  recommendations  of  the  committee  is  that  giving  the 
Director  authority  to  establish  a  section  of  statistics  and  commercial 
information  as  a  subdivision  of  the  work  of  the  International  Bureau. 
The  committee  also  advises  that  the  different  countries  shall  take 
favorable  action,  without  delay,  toward  increasing  their  quotas  50  per 
cent  for  the  support  of  the  Bureau,  and  that  those  coxmtries  which  are 
delinquent  in  paying  their  dues,  not  only  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
Bureau,  but  for  the  new  building,  be  asked  to  attend  to  these  defi- 
ciencies immediately,  in  order  that  the  work  of  the  Bureau  may  not 
be  handicapped  or  the  construction  of  the  building  delayed. 


special    report   of   prof.  WILLIAM    R.  SHEPHERD. 

In  tliis  issue  of  the  Bulletin  is  published  an  interesting  and  exhaus- 
tive report  on  the  commercial  relations  of  the  United  States  and  South 
America,  by  Prof.  William  R.  Shepherd.  It  should  be  read  by  every- 
body interested  in  the  development  of  Pan-American  commerce  and 
comity.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Professor  Shepherd,  who  is  one 
of  the  most  prominent  members  of  the  faculty  of  Columbia  University, 
New  York  City,  made  a  tour  of  South  America  in  1907,  visiting  Ecua- 
dor, Peru,  Bolivia, Chile,  the  Argentine  RepubUc,  Uruguay,  and  Brazil, 
going  down  the  west  coast  via  Panama,  and  returning  via  the  east 
coast  and  Rio  de  Janeiro.  At  the  request  of  the  Director  of  the 
Bureau,  he  made  special  investigations  for  the  benefit  of  this  insti- 
tution,   and  has  embodied  his  opinions  in  this  report.    Professor 


IKTKBNATIONAL  BUBEAU  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.  253 

Shepherd  is  a  close  student  of  affairs,  and  has  always  been  interested 
in  bringing  about  closer  relations  between  North  and  South  America. 
The  suggestions  he  has  to  make  are  carefully  considered  and  pointed. 
It  is  hoped  that  the  example  set  by  Professor  Shepherd  may  be  fol- 
lowed by  college  professors  occupying  similar  chairs  in  different 
institutions  of  this  country,  and  thus  a  greater  interest  developed 
throughout  the  United  States  in  her  sister  Republics. 


STUDY   OF   SOUTH   AMERICAN    HISTORY   AND   POLITICS. 

The  paper  read  by  Dr.  Hiram  Bingham,  of  Yale,  on  the  ''Possibili- 
ties of  South  American  History  and  Pohtics  as  a  Field  for  Research," 
before  the  American  PoUtical  Science  Association,  at  Madison,  Wis- 
consin, on  December  28,  1907,  is  so  full  of  original  and  interesting 
matter  of  value  to  all  students  and  persons  concerned  about  that  part 
of  the  world  that  it  is  reproduced  in  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin.  The 
Director  particularly  commends  it  to  the  large  number  of  college  pro- 
fessors and  students  of  American  institutions  of  learning  who  are  now 
taking  up  the  study  of  history  and  pohtics  of  our  sister  Republics. 
The  Bureau  is  constantly  receiving  letters  from  students  in  the  lead- 
ing educational  institutions  of  the  United  States  asking  for  suggestions 
along  the  very  lines  covered  by  this  paper  of  Doctor  Bingham. 
The  facts  and  information  it  contains  will  surprise  the  majority  of 
persons  who  have  not  even  realized  what  were  the  opportunities  in 
the  United  States  for  study  of  this  subject.  With  Doctor  Bing- 
ham's data  at  hand,  anyone  can  readily  begin  research  on  general  or 
special  phases  of  the  history  and  politics  of  South  America. 


the   central    AMERICAN    FRATERNITY. 

The  Central  American  Peace  Conference,  which  adjourned  on 
December  20,  1907,  after  holding  its  sessions,  covering  a  period  of  five 
weeks,  in  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Repubhcs,  took  one 
step  which  is  almost  unprecedented  and  yet  of  peculiar  sentimental 
value  in  the  development  of  closer  relations  between  Central  America, 
Mexico,  and  the  United  States.  There  was  organized  the  Central 
American  Fraternity,  whose  chief  purpose  shall  be  the  keeping  alive 
of  the  spirit  of  mutual  interest  and  sympathy  among  the  Republics 
of  North  America.  The  Constitutional  Act  of  this  fraternity  is  pub- 
lished in  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin,  and  ought  to  be  read  by  all 
who  are  following  closely  the  resolutions  of  the  Conference.  It  is  no 
exaggeration  to  state  that  the  organization  of  this  fraternity  marked 
the  climax  of  the  genuine  good  will  and  kindly  feehng  that  character- 
ized all  the  sessions  of  the  Conference  and  the  relations  of  the  different 
delegates,  and  it  should  be  a  strong  influence  in  favor  of  the  carrying 
out  of  all  the  conventions  signed  at  this  notable  gaWv^nxx!^. 


264     INTERNATIONAL  BXXB£AU   OF  THE  AMSEIGAN  REPUB3UIC& 
FIRST   PAN-AMERICAN    SCIENTIFIC   CONGRESS. 

Interest  is  developing  so  rapidly  throughout  the  United  States  and 
the  other  American  Republics  in  the  First  Pan-American  Scientific 
Congress,  which  is  to  meet  at  Santiago,  Chile,  on  December  1,  1908, 
that  the  proposed  programme  and  bases  are  printed  in  this  issue  of 
the  Bulletin.  It  is  hoped  that  the  United  States  Congress  will 
approve  of  the  appropriation  recommended  by  Secretary  Root  for 
the  official  participation  of  the  United  States.  It  is  understood  that 
the  Government  of  Chile  is  making  elaborate  preparations  for  the 
event  and  that  nearly  all  of  the  American  Republics  will  send  delegates. 
Aside  from  those  who  may  be  appointed  directly  by  the  Governments, 
representatives  of  different  universities  and  scientific  organizatioitt 
will  be  welcomed. 


ADDRESSES    ON    LATIN    AMERICA    BY   THE   DIRECTOR. 

As  evidence  of  the  growing  interest  in  the  Latin-American  countries 
which  is  being  manifested  throughout  the  United  States,  it  can  be 
stated  that  if  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  were  to  accept  one-third  of 
the  invitations  that  come  to  him  from  chambers  of  commerce, 
educational  institutions,  and  other  organizations  to  address  them 
on  the  general  and  commercial  relations  of  the  United  States  and 
Latin  America,  it  would  have  been  necessary  for  him  to  speak  neariy 
every  day  from  the  1st  of  January  until  the  1st  of  June.  These  occa- 
sions are  not  by  any  means  confined  to  any  one  section  of  the  coun- 
try;  they  take  place  in  central  and  far  West,  as  well  as  in  New 
England  and  the  South.  The  demands  made  upon  his  time, 
however,  by  the  executive  work  of  the  Bureau  permit  him  to  accept 
only  a  small  portion  of  these  invitations.  As  evidence  of  the 
Director's  efforts  to  meet  in  so  far  as  possible  the  desire  for  infor- 
mation furnished  in  this  form,  a  list  is  given  of  some  of  the 
engagements  he  has  filled  since  January  1 :  University  Club,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  January  4;  Oregon  Society,  Washington,  D.  C, 
January  11^  dinner  celebrating  inauguration  of  new  steamship 
service  to  South  America,  New  York  City,  January  14;  Washington 
Institute  of  Banking,  January  16;  Men's  Club,  Central  Presbyterian 
Church,  Washington,  D.  C,  Januarj^  20;  Cooper  Union,  New  York 
City,  January  27 ;  annual  banquet  of  Merchants*  and  Manufacturers' 
Association  of  Baltimore,  January  30;  National  Association  of  Manu- 
facturers, New  York  City,  January  31;  California  Society,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  February  2;  Lincoln  banquet.  Grand  Rapids,  IkGchigani 
February  12;  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Pontiac,  Michigan,  February 
13;  Commercial  Club,  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  February  17;  Mackenzie 
School,  Dohhs  Ferry,  New  York,  Washington's  Birthday,  celebrmtion, 


IHTJRJATIONAL  BUBEAIT  OF  THE  AMEBIC  AN  REPUBLICS,     255 

morning  of  February  22;  National  Jewellers'  Association,  Philadel- 
phia,  evening  of  February  22,  and  American  Geographical  Society, 
New  York  City,  February  25. 


SOUTH   AMERICAN   TRAVEL   ROUTES   AND   CONDmONS. 

The  International  Bureau  is  receiving  so  many  inquiries,  both  from 
the  United  States  and  Europe,  in  regard  to  conditions  and  routes  of 
travel  in  South  America  that  it  has  requested  Mr.  Lee  McClunq, 
Treasurer  of  Tale  University,  who  has  recently  made  a  trip  around 
South  America,  and  Mrs.  Marie  Eobinson  Wright,  the  noted 
authoress,  who  has  visited  all  sections  of  the  Southern  Continent,  to 
prepare  brief  statements  descriptive  of  travel  routes  and  conditions, 
which  may  be  of  practical  value  to  people  intending  to  visit  that  part 
of  the  world.  The  correspondence  of  the  Bureau  would  indicate  that 
during  the  next  year  there  will  be  a  great  increase  in  the  number  of 
travelers  going  south.  A  large  number  of  tourists,  moreover,  who 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  going  to  Europe  and  Asia,  are  making  up 
their  mind,  in  view  of  the  developing  interest  in  Latin  America,  to 
change  their  customary  routes  and  see  what  is  going  on  in  South 
and  Central  America.  In  this  connection,  it  is  well  to  note  the 
great  improvement  in  the  steamship  service  on  the  east  coast,  pro- 
vided by  the  Lamport  &  Holt  Company,  in  the  form  of  three  large 
vessels  of  approximately  10,000  tons  each,  having  superior  passenger 
acconmiodations,  and  which  have  been  placed  permanently  on  the 
route  between  New  York  City,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  Buenos  Aires. 
A  photograph  of  one  of  these  ships  and  also  one  or  two  interior  views 
are  given  in  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin  as  evidence  to  those  persons 
who  want  to  go  to  South  America  that  they  can  make  the  trip  in 
comfort. 


RAILWAYS   OF  THE   ARGENTINE   REPUBLIC. 

Governmental  legislation  for  the  uniformity  of  privileges  to  be 
accorded  the  various  railroads  operating  in  the  Argentine  Republic 
has  given  a  decided  impetus  to  the  development  of  new  enterprises. 
The  total  mileage  of  the  lines  in  operation  now  aggregates  nearly 
14,000  miles,  of  which  over  900  miles  were  constructed  during  the 
past  year,  and  represent  an  invested  capital  of  $671,688,874.  A 
consolidation  of  the  interests  of  three  important  roads  is  under  con- 
sideration, and  the  terms  of  the  contract  whereby  this  consolidation 
18  to  be  effected  provide  for  the  expenditure  of  large  sums  for  exten- 
sions and  improvements. 


256      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS: 

The  postal  and  telegraph  services,  so  closely  allied  with  railway 
aflfairs,  also  show  a  healthy  progress  during  1907,  when  the  revenues 
received  therefrom  increased  to  the  extent  of  $746,961  over  the 
preceding  year. 

In  all  branches  of  internal  revenue  a  correspondingly  satisfactory 
report  is  made. 

BOLIVIAN   TIN   IN   THE    WORLD's    MARKET. 

Statistics  covering  the  movement  of  tin  during  1907  in  the  markets 
of  Europe  and  America  place  the  Bolivian  product  second  among  the 
deliveries  for  consumption.  Although  far  outranked  by  the  Straits' 
output,  15,300  tons  are  credited  to  Bolivia,  as  against  16,380  tons 
in  1906. 

Rubber  growing  in  the  Province  of  Larecaja  has  been  made  the 
subject  of  a  report  to  the  Department  of  Colonization  and  Agricul- 
ture, extracts  of  which  are  reproduced  in  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin 
as  of  value  to  dealers  in  this  article. 


LEGISLATIVE    MEASURES    OF   THE    BRAZILIAN    GOVERNMENT. 

Advices  from  Brazil  indicate  the  probability  of  a  revision  of  the 
tariff  of  the  country  during  the  next  session  of  the  National  Con- 
gress in  May,  1908,  and  the  active  operation  of  the  same  by  August 
of  the  same  year.  In  the  meantime  important  modifications  of  the 
import  duties  levied  on  industrial  materials  and  machinery  are 
covered  by  the  Budget  Law  issued  on  January  1,  1908.  The  20 
per  cent  reduction  allowed  on  certain  specified  articles  of  United 
States  origin  by  the  act  of  June  30,  1906,  is  also  continued. 

One  result  of  this  concession  is  shown  in  the  figures  of  trade  be- 
tween the  two  countries  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the 
United  States  for  1907,  during  which  time  Brazil  took  over  $4,000,000 
more  merchandise  from  the  United  States  than  in  the  preceding 
twelve  months. 

Imperative  restrictions  are  applied  to  the  importation  of  foodstuffs 
and  beverages  on  which  preservatives  detrimental  to  the  public 
health  have  been  used,  and  an  active  propaganda  is  to  be  initiated, 
under  government  supervision,  for  the  introduction  and  populariza- 
tion of  native  products  abroad. 


CHILE  S    CENSUS    RETURNS    AND    LEGISLATIVE    ENACTMENTS. 

An  unoflicial  report  of  the  results  of  the  Chilean  Census,  taken  at 
the  close  of  1907,  places  the  total  number  of  inhabitants  of  the  Re- 
public  at  3,250,000,  an  increase  of  a  little  under  50,000  since  1903,  the 
date  of  the  last  preceding  census. 


INTBBNATIONAL  BUBEAU  OF  THE  AMEBIOAN  REPUBLIOB.     257 

The  passage  of  a  bill  by  the  Chilean  Congress  on  January  22,  1908, 
providing  for  an  appropriation  for  the  Longitudinal  Railway,  to  be 
constructed  from  the  Peruvian  border  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  a 
distance  of  2,600  miles,  is  reported,  while  the  granting  of  a  contract 
to  a  German  firm  for  a  line  from  Arica  to  La  Paz  is  another  indica- 
tion of  the  activity  of  the  Government  in  this  important  branch  of 
development. 

The  proposed  modification  of  customs  duties  on  cattle,  sheep,  and 
certain  textiles,  which  has  been  under  consideration  by  the  Chilean 
Government  (see  Monthly  Bulletin  for  December,  1907),  has  been 
enacted  and  promulgated  as  a  law.  The  suspension  of  cattle  duties 
and  the  reduction,  by  50  per  cent,  of  duties  on  the  other  articles 
specified  will  become  effective  within  six  months. 


CUBAN   TRADE    IN    1906-7. 

In  the  report  of  Provisional  Governor  Magoon  concerning  general 
conditions  in  the  Cuban  Republic  from  the  latter  part  of  1906  to  the 
end  of  1907,  it  is  shown  that  the  economic  situation  is  in  the  main 
satisfactory.  Imports  during  the  fiscal  year  1906-7  decreased  by 
over  $7,000,000  as  compared  with  the  preceding  twelve  months,  but 
exports  advanced  by  more  than  $5,000,000.  In  the  trade  with  the 
United  States  for  the  calendar  year  1907  both  branches  of  trade  show 
noteworthy  gains. 


Mexico's  coioiERCiAL  progress. 

The  ascending  scale  continues  to  mark  Mexico's  position  in  the  com- 
mercial world.  For  the  four  months  of  the  fiscal  year  for  which 
figures  have  been  issued,  July  to  October,  1907,  an  increase  of  over 
$6,000,000  is  noted  in  both  imports  and  exports  as  compared  with 
the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year,  while  customs  rev- 
enues increased  for  the  first  half  of  1907-8  by  nearly  $2,000,000  over 
the  first  six  months  of  1906-7.  The  registry  of  business  trans- 
actions during  the  calendar  year  1907  aggregated  something  over 
$200,000,000,  more  than  half  of  which  was  on  account  of  commercial 
enterprises,  the  organization  of  new  companies,  and  increased  capi- 
talization of  existing  corporations. 

Between  $25,000,000  and  $30,000,000  represents  the  value  of 
United  States  merchandise  shipped  during  1907,  over  the  Tehuan- 
tepec  route  between  Atlantic  and  Pacific  ports,  the  shortening  of 
the  transport  route  for  Hawaiian  sugar  being  of  especial  value  to  the 
dealers. 

29039— BuU;  2—08 2 


258      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

Trade  relations  with  the  United  States  show  the  gratifying  figures 
of  more  than  $67,000,000  for  imports  and  over  $57,000,000  for  ex- 
ports for  1907,  a  gain  in  the  former  of  $5,420,697  and  in  the  latter  of 
$6,006,528  as  compared  with  1906. 


THE    NEW    AGRICULTURAL    LAW    AND    RUBBER    CONCESSIONS    IN    NICA- 
RAGUA. 

The  recently  enacted  law  of  Nicaragua  designed  for  the  promotion 
of  agriculture  and  stock  raising  throughout  the  Republic  carries  with 
it  a  provision  for  the  establishment  abroad  of  an  active  propaganda 
in  behalf  of  native  products.  Already  the  banana  industry  has 
thriven  to  an  unprecedented  extent  through  proper  exploitation,  and 
other  Nicaraguan  products  are  capable  of  a  similar  development. 

In  reporting  with  regard  to  a  rubber  concession  recently  granted, 
United  States  Consul  Frederick  M.  Ryder,  of  San  Juan  del  Norte, 
states  that  in  all  probabiUty  the  said  concession  will  ultimatelybe 
taken  over  by  the  company  at  present  holding  two  large  grants  from 
the  Nicaraguan  Government,  so  that  the  corporation  will  control  the 
output  of  all  the  wild  forest  rubber  of  the  Republic. 


FINANCIAL   STATUS    OF   PANAMA. 

Prosperous  conditions  in  Panama  are  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
the  fiscal  revenues  received  during  1907  were  $5,436.05  in  excess  of 
the  budget  estimate,  aggregating  $2,439,301.68.  The  bulk  of  these 
receipts  were  from  import  duties. 

The  transport  of  United  States  merchandise  over  the  Panama 
Railway  during  1907  is  valued  at  from  $12,000,000  to  $15,000,000, 
and  imports  from  that  country  show  an  advance  of  over  $4,000,000 
as  compared  with  the  preceding  year. 


THE  PARAGUAY  CENTRAL  RAILWAY. 

The  extended  r6sum6  of  the  report  of  the  Paraguay  Central  Railway 
for  the  year  ended  April  30,  1907,  published  in  this  issue  of  the  Bul- 
letin, shows  that  affairs  have  been  satisfactorily  arranged  between 
tho  operating  company  and  the  Government.  As  this  is  the  only 
line  in  operation  throughout  the  Republic,  its  prospects  and  those  of 
the  country's  development  are  closely  mingled,  and  the  termination 
of  the  controversy  will  impart  a  new  impetus  to  business.  It  is 
reported  that  crops  are  in  an  excellent  condition  and  that  there  are 
signs  of  increasing  vitality  in  all  branches  of  commerce  and  industiy. 


I9TEBNATI0NAL  BUREAU  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.     259 
PERUVIAN   TRADE    WITH   THE    UNITED   STATES. 

During  1907,  Peruvian-United  States  trade  showed  a  remarkable 
development,  according  to  figures  issued  by  the  Government  of  the 
latter  country.  The  shipments  of  Peruvian  products  to  the  United 
States  increased  by  $4,154,790  as  compared  with  the  preceding 
year,  while  imports  from  that  coimtry  advanced  $1,672,762  in  the 
same  period. 

The  Cerro  de  Pasco  mine  shipped  10,000  tons  of  copper  out  of  the 
28,000  tons  of  that  metal  reported  from  the  whole  of  South  America 
for  United  States  markets. 

Business  prosperity  is  further  indicated  by  the  report  of  the  Peru- 
vian Corporation,  whose  operations  for  the  year  ended  Jime  30, 
1907,  show  a  profit  of  over  $1,000,000. 


COMMERCIAL   CONDITIONS    IN   SALVADOR. 

The  Republic  of  Salvador  reports  for  the  first  six  months  of  1907 
an  export  movement  valued  at  $5,642,700,  of  which  the  leading 
item  was  coffee,  worth  $4,369,600.  On  these  exports  duties  to  the 
amoimt  of  $282,293  were  collected,  while  the  receipts  from  imports 
aggr^ated  $1,440,194.  A  slight  decrease  is  noted  in  comparison 
with  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year.  The  United 
States  is  placed  first  on  the  list  of  countries  of  destination. 


CUSTOMS   RECEIPTS   AND  TRADE   OF   URUGUAY   IN    1907. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  total  customs  receipts  of  the  Republic  of 
Uruguay  for  the  year  1907  will  indicate  a  satisfactory  gain  over  the 
preceding  year,  the  figures  being  given  as  approximately  $13,000,000. 
The  last  month  of  the  year  gave  indications  of  revived  business 
activity  throughout  the  Republic. 

For  the  year  imports  from  the  United  States  advanced  by  $810,395, 
though  exports  thither  declined  to  the  extent  of  $1,076,482. 


REGULATION   OF   TELEGRAPHS    AND  TELEPHONES   IN   VENEZUELA. 

What  is  practically  a  Government  ownership  of  telegraph  and  tele- 
phone lines  throughout  Venezuela  was  effected  by  a  decree  of  Decem- 
ber 20,  1907,  it  being  stated  in  Article  1  that  the  establishment  of 
such  enterprises  appertains  exclusively  to  the  Federal  Executive. 

Certain  tariff  modifications  becoming  effective  in  the  last  month 
of  the  year  are  published  as  of  interest  to  trade. 


260     INTEBNATIONAL.  BUBEAU   OF  THE  AMEBICAN  BEPUBLICS. 

BOOK  NOTES. 
MEXICO   AND   HEB   PEOPLE   OF  TO-DAY. 

With  a  commendable  absence  of  statistical  data,  the  book  of 
N.  O.  Winter,  entitled,  ''Mexicoand  Her  People  of  To-day,''  presents 
to  the  mind  of  the  reader  an  almost  photographic  view  of  the  resources, 
interests,  and  history  of  the  Republic.  For  either  the  traveler  or  the 
stay-at-home  its  purpose  is  adequately  fulfilled,  for  to  the  formerit  is 
a  running  comment  on  the  objects  and  interests  of  his  tour,  while  to 
the  latter  its  interesting  descriptions  and  attractively  presented 
information  almost  take  the  place  of  personal  observation.  Side  by 
side  with  the  life  of  to-day — modem,  enterprising,  restless — Mr. 
Winter  draws  pictures  of  the  civilization  of  the  ancients,  the  huge 
architectural  ruins  of  the  Aztecs,  the  showy  splendor  of  the  Spanish 
domination  and  the  humble  surroundings  of  the  peon.  Of  Sail  Luis 
Potosi,  he  writes:  ^'The  Spanish  cavalier  stalked  through  the  streets 
of  this  town  in  complete  mail  before  the  Mayflower  landed  on  the 
shores  of  Massachusetts.  The  priests  were  chanting  the  solemn  serv- 
ice of  the  church  here  long  before  the  English  landed  at  Jamestown. 
Dust  had  gathered  on  the  municipal  library,  which  now  contains  a 
hundred  thousand  volumes,  centuries  before  the  building  of  the  first 
little  red  schoolhouse  in  the  United  States.  Before  New  York  had 
been  thought  of,  the  drama  of  life  was  being  enacted  here  daily  after 
Castilian  models.''  With  equal  enthusiasm  he  describes  the  capital 
city ;  its  modem  water  system  supplied  partially  by  ancient  aqueducts ; 
its  churches .  and  palaces  rising  on  the  foundations  of  prehistoric 
structures,  and  the  Mexican  Valley  guarded  by  the  twin  peaks  of 
Popocatapetl  and  Ixtaccihuatl.  Not  only  in  the  ruins  of  Mitla,  but 
throughout  the  Republic,  the  writer  traces  resemblances  to  Egyptian 
archeological  records,  as  noted  in  pyramids,  stone  graving,  and 
images.  Most  vivacious  are  his  delineations  of  Mexican  customs  and 
characteristics — the  humble  good  nature  of  the  peon,  the  contented 
poverty  of  the  general  householder,  and  the  eccentric  marriage  and 
courtship  usages  being  all  dwelt  upon  with  interest.  The  st^ry  of  the 
Republic  is  told  in  the  closing  chapters,  in  which  tribute  is  rendered  to 
the  firm  government  of  President  Diaz  as  an  augury  for  greater 
achievements  on  the  part  of  the  Republic,  and  to  the  masterly  man- 
agement of  Minister  Limantour  in  the  field  of  finance.  The  wide 
range  of  subjects  covered  and  the  manner  of  treatment  render  the 
book  of  great  value  to  any  one  interested  in  Mexico  and  her  progress. 


the    wealth   of   central   AMERICA. 

With  a  view  to  initiating  a  propaganda  in  behalf  of  the  Central 
American  Republics  among  the  French,  D£sib£  Pectob,  Counselor 


INTERNATIONAL  BUBEAU  OF  THE  AMBEIOAN  EEPUBLIOS.     261 

of  Foreign  Commerce  and  Consul-General  in  France  for  Honduras 
and  Nicaragua,  has  prepared  a  voluminous  and  instructive  book 
treating  of  the  wealth  of  Central  America  d^Les  richesses  de  VAmer- 
igue  CentraW).  An  historical  sketch  of  the  countries  in  reference 
is  outlined  in  the  preface  by  M.  E.  Levasseur,  Administrator  of  the 
College  of  France,  to  which  is  added  a  r6sum6  of  the  prevailing  eco- 
nomic conditions.  The  purpose  of  the  author  is  frankly  stated  to  be 
the  diflfusion  of  a  better  understanding  among  the  French  nation  of 
the  advantages  to  be  derived  from  a  more  active  participation  in 
Central  American  trade,  at  present  dominated  by  the  United  States 
so  far  as  Costa  Rica  and  Guatemala  are  concerned,  and  by  Great 
Britain  in  respect  to  Salvador,  Honduras  and  Nicaragua.  So  far  as 
is  possible,  the  information  contained  in  the  volume  is  brought  up  to 
the  close  of  1906,  and  the  wide  scope  of  its  purpose  is  indicated  by 
the  following  titles  to  its  twelve  chapters:  Communication  with  the 
outer  world;  General  physical  configuration;  Internal  communica- 
tion and  transport;  Mineral  products;  Vegetable  productions; 
Animal  products;  Industries;  International  commerce;  Climatology; 
Inimigration  and  colonization;  Finance;  Practical  suggestions. 
Accurate  and  exhaustive  information  in  regard  to  Central  America 
is  very  scarce;  when,  therefore,  a  volume  appears  from  so  authorita- 
tive a  source,  it  should  be  applied,  not  only  by  the  nation  for  whose 
benefit  it  has  been  prepared,  but  also  by  all  persons  whose  interests, 
whether  commercial,  economic,  or  historical,  are  connected  with 
Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua  or  Salvador. 


THROUGH  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

In  the  record  of  impressions  obtained  by  J.  Delebecque  in  his 
journey  through  South  America  d^A  travers  VAmerique  du  Sud^^), 
published  by  Plon-Nourrit  et  Cie,  Paris,  the  most  notable  character- 
istic is  the  complete  absence  of  the  glorifying  process  usually  applied 
to  books  of  travel.  When  M.  Delebecque  feels  the  lack  of  creature 
comforts  and  conveniences  almost  inevitable  in  frontier  journeys  and 
little  traveled  paths,  he  states  the  facts  calmly  but  explicitly,  so  that 
no  misapprehension  of  conditions  is  possible.  On  the  other  hand,  he 
pays  due  tribute  to  the  majesty  of  natural  forces  as  exemplified  in 
the  glory  of  the  mountains  and  the  flow  of  mighty  rivers  encountered 
in  his  trip  of  sixty-four  days  from  Lima  to  the  Atlantic,  via  the 
Amazon  River.  His  descriptions  of  the  rubber  districts  and  the 
methods  of  exploitation  and  shipment  are  of  great  value  and  interest, 
while  his  notes  on  the  great  watershed  of  the  Amazon  are  character- 
ized by  a  wealth  of  observation  rare  in  other  than  purely  scientific 
works.  The  account  of  the  descent  of  the  Pichis  and  Pachitea  rivers 
to  the  headwaters  of  the  Amazon  is  marked  by  a  vivacity  of  style 
which  forms  a  model  for  similar  narrations. 


262     INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 
PICTORIAL   GUIDE   OF   THE    ARGENTINE   REPUBLIC. 

From  the  press  of  L.  J.  Rosso,  Buenos  Aires,  the  Columbus  Memo- 
rial Library  has  received  a  remarkably  handsome  volume  embodying 
a  pictorial  guide  to  travelers  in  the  Argentine  Republic.  Photo- 
graphs of  celebrities;  reproductions  of  famous  estancias;  sketches  of 
pubUc  gardens  and  buildings,  prize  animals,  and  industrial  establish- 
ments are  all  presented  as  an  index  to  the  conditions  existent  through- 
out this  wonderful  country.  Supplementary  tables  covering  statisti- 
cal information  of  various  sorts  are  also  included,  as  well  as  complete 
Usts  of  the  diplomatic  and  consular  officers  serving  at  home  and  abroad 
in  Argentine  interests  at  the  close  of  1907.  A  commercial  directory 
of  Buenos  Aires  is  a  prominent  feature  of  the  book. 


GOLD   MINING    IN    COLOMBIA. 

The  gold  mines  of  Colombia  are  fully  described  in  the  interesting  and 
technical  pamphlet  entitled  ^^  VlTidustrie  aurifere  en  Colomhie/*  by  M. 
A.  Demangeon,  formerly  chief  engineer  of  the  SociitS  Ae  Travavx 
Miniers  and  ex-director  of  the  San  Nicolas  and  also  the  Sierra  de  Oro 
mining  companies.  Mr.  Demangeon  gives  the  history  of  the  gold 
mining  industry  of  Colombia  from  the  beginning  up  to  the  present 
time.  Full  details  relative  to  the  legislation  governing  the  industry 
and  the  granting  of  concessions  are  also  given  which  will  be  of  practical 
value  to  those  intending  to  engage  in  gold  mining  in  the  Republic. 


PLAN    OF   the    AMAZON    RIVER. 

Supplementary  to  the  March,  1907.  issue  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Lima 
(Jt^ographical  Society,  a  plan  of  the  Amazon  River  from  Iquitos  to 
Manaos  has  been  received  by  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library.  It  em- 
bodies the  results  of  the  most  recent  surv'ej^  of  the  region  under  Colo- 
nel PoKTiLLo  and  appUed  in  the  service  of  the  Booth  Company's 
Ht<»amers. 


NEW   COLOMBIAN    GUIDE. 

In  the  '^Guia  de  la  Repuhlica  de  Colombia j''  published  by  Mantel 
M.  Zamorra,  Bogota,  1907,  a  useful  gazetteer  of  the  country  is  avail- 
able. Information  concerning  each  city,  town,  village,  mountain,  river, 
etc.,  is  furnished  in  a  concise  form,  and,  in  addition  to  the  usual  geo- 
grapliical,  political,  and  statistical  data,  valuable  historical  informa- 
tion is  included  covering  the  most  important  places. 


nCFOBTANT   MKETING   OF   THE   GOVERNING    BOARD.  263 

IMPORTANT  MEETING  OF  THE  GOVERNING 

BOARD. 

The  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the  Governing  Board  of  the  Inter- 
national Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  was  held  February  5, 
1900,  in  the  diplomatic  reception  room  of  the  Department  of  State. 
The  Secretary  of  State,  chairman  ex  officio,  presided,  the  following 
countries  being  represented  besides  the  United  States:  Argentine 
Republic,  Bolivia,  Chile,  Colombia,  Costa  Rica,  Cuba,  Haiti,  Hon- 
duras, Mexico,  Nicaragua,  Peru,  and  Uruguay. 

The  report  of  the  committee  appointed  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Board  on  December  4,  1907,  to  report  to  the  Governing  Board  the 
measures  to  be  taken  to  carry  out  the  conventions  and  resolutions 
signed  and  passed  at  the  Third  Pan-American  Conference  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  1906,  was  imanimously  approved.  The  Director  of  the 
Bureau  was  authorized  to  take  the  required  steps  to  carry  out  the 
recommendations  made  in  the  report. 

The  special  resolution  on  the  Fourth  Pan-American  Conference, 
introduced  by  the  Costa  Rican  Minister  and  seconded  by  the  Bo- 
livian Minister,  at  the  regular  meeting  of  January  8,  1908,  was  unani- 
mously adopted,  as  follows: 

*^  Resolved,  That  the  next  Conference  of  the  American  Republics 
be  held  at  the  city  of  Buenos  Aires,  Argentine  Republic,  in  the  year 
1910." 

The  report  in  full  of  the  committee  mentioned  above  follows: 

BEPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  APPOINTED  AT  THE  KEGXTLAIt 
SESSION  OF  THE  GOVEKNING  BOABD  OF  THE  INTEKNATIOl^AL 
BT7BEATT  OF  THE  AMEBICAN  BEPXTBLICS,  HELD  DECEMBEB  4, 
1907,  TO  BEPOBT  TO  THE  GOVEBNING  BOABD  MEASUBES  WHICH 
SHOULD  BE  TAXEN  TO  CABBY  OUT  THE  CONVENTIONS  AND 
BESOLUTIONS  SIGNED  AND  PASSED  AT  THE  THIBD  PAN-AMEB- 
ICAN  CONFEBENCE  HELD  AT  BIO  DE  JANEIBO,  BBAZIL,  1006. 

The  Chairman  and  Members  of  the  Governing  Board  of  the  International 
Bureau  of  American  Rejmblics: 

Gentlemen:  The  imdersigned,  having  been  appointed  at  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Governing  Board,  held  December  4,  1907,  to  report  on  what 
measures  should  be  taken  to  carry  out  the  conventions  and  resolu- 
tions of  the  Third  Pan-American  Conference,  held  at  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Brazil,  in  1906,  have,  with  the  assistance  of  the  Director  and  Secretary 
of  the  Bureau,  carefully  considered  the  work  imposed  upon  them  and 
now  have  the  honor  to  report  as  follows : 

The  Third  Pan-American  Conference  signed,  as  a  result  of  its  de- 
liberations, four  (4)  conventions  and  fourteen  (14)  resolutions,  as 
follows: 


264      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OP   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

CONVENTIONS. 

I.  Establishing  the  status  of  naturalized  citizens  who  again  take 

up  their  residence  in  the  country  of  their  origin. 
II.  Pecuniary  claims. 
III.  Patents  of  invention,  drawings  and  industrial  models,   trade 

marks,  and  literary  and  artistic  property. 
IV.  International  law. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

1.  Arbitration. 

2.  Reorganization  of  the  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics. 

3.  Building  for  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Re- 

publics. 

4.  Keconimending  the  creation  of  special  divisions  in  the  depart- 

ments of  foreign  aflfairs  and  determining  their  functions. 

5.  Section  of  commerce,  customs,  and  commercial  statistics. 

6.  Public  debts. 

7.  Liberal  professions. 

S.  Commercial  relations. 
0.  Future  conferences. 
10.  Natural  resources. 

II.  Sanitary  police. 

12.  I n t  ercont  inent al  railway. 

13.  The  coffee  industry. 

14.  Fluctuations  in  exchange. 

(A)  In  the  natural  order  of  events  each  one  of  the  Crovemments 
rojirosentod  at  the  Kio  de  Janeiro  Conference  should  have  received 
from  the  Secretary'  of  the  Conference  authenticated  copies  of  the 
conventions  antl  n^solution^  there  signed.  As  it  seems,  however, 
that  st)mo  of  the  members  of  the  Governing  Board  are  in  doubt  as  to 
whether  their  Governments  have  received  such  authenticated  copies, 
the  committee  recommends  that  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  be 
authorized  to  communicate  by  cable  directly  with  the  Secretary  of 
the  Conference  at  Kio  de  Janeiro  and  ascertain  if  this  preUminaiT 
step  has  been  taken. 

As  it  is  known,  moreover,  that  some  of  the  Governments  have 
rt^portetl  the  conventions  to  their  respective  Congresses  for  considera- 
tion antl  rntiiication*  but  as  the  records  are  incomplete,  it  is  recom- 
mended that  each  member  of  the  Governing  Board  ascertain,  by 
cable  if  necessar>',  just  what  action  has  been  taken  by  his  Govern- 
ment and  inform  the  DirtnUor  accordingly. 

In  the  event  this  investigation  shows  that  some  of  the  Govem- 
nuMUs  have  \\o{  yet  taken  steps  for  such  consideration  or  ratification, 
the  ron\mittee  nn^Mumends  that  the  Governing  Board  urge  that 
tiiiiil  ii(*rion  should  be  taken  as  soon  as  possible,  in  order  that  any 


IMPOBTANT  MEETING  OF  THE  GOVERNING  BOABD.    265 

objections  or  exceptions  to  the  conventions  proposed  by  the  different 
Governments  may  be  laid  before  the  Governing  Board,  and  that  it  may 
make  recommendations  to  the  next  Pan-American  Conference  for  the 
necessary  modifications  which  will  cause  the  conventions  to  receive 
general  ratification. 

The  specific  action  taken  by  the  different  Governments  in  the 
consideration  and  ratification  of  the  conventions  and  resolutions, 
as  shown  by  the  records  of  the  International  Bureau  and  of  the  State 
Department  of  the  United  States,  is  given  in  a  memorandum  attached 
to  this  report. 

(B)  1.  The  resolution  of  arbitration  was  submitted  to  the  Second 
Hague  Conference,  as  required,  so  that  no  further  action  is  necessary. 

2.  The  resolution  on  the  reorganization  of  the  International 
Bureau  of  American  RepubUcs  depends  for  its  consummation  largely 
upon  favorable  action  by  the  different  Governments  in  the  matter  of 
increasing  their  respective  quotas  fifty  (50)  per  cent  for  its  support, 
in  accordance  with  the  unanimous  resolution  of  the  Governing  Board 
passed  at  the  May  meeting,  1907.  The  committee  reconunends  that 
each  member  of  the  Governing  Board  urge  upon  his  Government  the 
pressing  necessity  of  the  approval  of  this  increased  appropriation,  so 
that  the  new  budget  may  take  effect  with  the  fiscal  year  beginning 
July  1,  1908.  As  certain  Governments  are  still  in  arrears  for  quotas 
of  past  years,  the  committee  recommends  that  the  members  of  the 
Governing  Board  representing  the  countries  in  arrrears  urge  early 
payment  of  the  sums  due,  in  order  that  the  efficiency  of  the  Bureau 
shall  not  be  lessened  by  lack  of  the  needed  funds. 

3.  In  the  matter  of  the  resolution  regarding  the  new  building  of 
the  International  Bureau  of  American  Republics,  it  can  be  said  that 
excellent  progress  is  being  made  through  the  generous  gift  of  $750,000 
by  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie;  but,  as  some  of  the  Governments  are  in 
arrears  on  their  quotas  for  the  building,  it  is  recommended  that  the 
members  of  the  Governing  Board  representing  such  countries  urge 
early  payment  of  the  said  quotas,  so  that  they  may  be  available  for 
the  expenses  connected  with  the  construction  of  the  new  building. 

4.  In  the  matter  of  the  resolution  favoring  the  appointment  in 
each  coimtry  of  a  committee,  responsible  to  the  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  who  shall  assist  in  securing  the  approval  of  the  resoluticms 
adopted  at  the  International  American  Conferences,  and  who  shall 
cooperate  with  the  International  Biu'eau  of  the  American  Republics 
for  the  cQ,rrying  out  of  this  work  in  each  country,  it  is  recommended 
that  each  member  of  the  Governing  Board  lu'ge  upon  his  Government 
the  appointment  of  said  committee  without  delay  and  forward  to 
the  Bureau  the  names  of  those  constituting  said  committees. 

5.  In  the  matter  of  the  resolution  creating  a  special  section  of 
commercey   customs,   and   commercial   statistics   as   a   subordinate 


266      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

division  of  the  International  Bureau,  the  committee  recommends 
that  the  Director  be  empowered  to  make  such  changes  and  addi- 
tions in  the  present  staff  of  the  Bureau  and  to  make  such  expendi- 
tures as  the  revenue  of  the  Bureau  may  permit,  without  curtailing 
the  regular  work,  to  carry  out  the  details  of  this  resolution. 

6.  The  resolution  covering  the  collection  of  public  debts  was  sub- 
mitted to  the  Second  Hague  Conference,  as  required,  so  that  no 
further  action  is  necessary. 

7.  In  the  matter  of  the  resolution  covering  the  adoption  or  ratifi- 
cation of  the  treaty  upon  the  practice  of  the  liberal  professions, 
signed  at  the  Second  Pan-American  Conference  in  Mexico,  January 
28,  1902,  it  can  be  said  that  the  treaty  has  been  ratified,  so  far, 
according  to  the  information  in  the  possession  of  the  Bureau,  by  the 
five  Central  American  Republics  and  by  Peru  and  Bolivia.  It  is 
recommended  that  each  member  of  the  Governing  Board  ascertain 
as  soon  as  possible  from  his  Government  what  action  his  country 
has  taken,  or  may  propose  to  take,  on  this  resolution. 

8.  In  the  matter  of  the  resolution  covering  commercial  relations, 
it  is  recommended  that  the  work  outlined  by  this  resolution  be  com- 
bined with  that  required  by  the  section  of  commerce,  customs,  and 
commercial  statistics,  and  that  the  Director  be  thereby  authorized 
to  take  the  necessary  steps  under  this  plan  to  secure  the  needed  data. 

9.  In  the  matter  of  future  conferences,  it  is  recommended  that 
the  place  and  date  of  holding  the  Fourth  Pan-American  Congress  be 
immediately  determined,  in  accordance  with  the  resolution  passed  at 
the  January,  1908,  meeting  of  the  Governing  Board,  to  the  effect  that 
said  conference  should  be  held  at  Buenos  Aires,  Argentine  Republic, 
in  1910. 

10.  The  resolution  as  to  the  development  of  natural  resources 
and  means  of  communication  wtliin  the  various  Republics  of  America 
is  covered  by  the  action  recommended  in  the  matter  of  the  section 
of  commerce,  customs,  and  commercial  statistics. 

11.  In  the  matter  of  the  resolution  as  to  sanitary  police,  it  can  be 
said  that  the  Third  International  Sanitary  Conference  was  held,  as 
resolved,  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  December  2-7,  1907.  Several  im- 
portant recommendations  were  made,  but  the  transactions  of  the 
Conference  have  not  yet  been  published.  It  was  imanimously 
resolved  to  hold  the  next  Sanitary  Conference  at  San  JosS,  Costa 
Rica,  in  1909.  The  International  Bureau  was  represented  at  the 
Third  International  Sanitary  Conference  by  Mr.  Francisco  J.  Yaxes, 
Secretary  of  the  Bureau,  who  has  prepared  a  report  printed  in  the 
January  issue  of  the  Monthly  Bulletin. 

12.  In  the  matter  of  the  resolution  on  the  Intercontinental  Rail- 
way, it  can  be  said  that  an  important  step  toward  the  realization  of 
tins  plan  is  contained  in  the  Convention  on  Communications,  signed 


nCPOBTANT   MBETINO    OF   THE    GOVERNING    BOARD.  267 

by  the  Delegates  to  the  Central  American  Peace  Conference,  wliich 
met  in  Washington  in  the  building  of  the  International  Bureau  of 
the  American  Republics  in  the  months  of  November  and  December, 
1907.  This  Convention  provides  that  each  of  the  signatory  Govern- 
ments appoint  a  conmiisssion  to  study  and  propose  the  necessary 
measures  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the  Intercontinental  Railway 
i^ithin  its  own  territory,  and,  upon  the  approval  of  their  report, 
bids  may  be  asked,  through  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American 
Republics,  for  letting  contracts  for  the  construction  of  the  lines. 

For  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the  exact  information  from  the  various 
American  Republics  interested  in  the  project  of  an  intercontinental 
railway,  it  is  recommended  that  each  member  of  the  Governing 
Board  urge  upon  his  Government  the  necessity  of  taking  steps  in 
the  near  future  to  provide  the  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics 
vdth  the  data  required  by  the  resolution. 

13.  The  resolution  covering  the  coffee  industry  provides  for  a  meet- 
ing in  the  city  of  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil,  and,  of  course,  it  remains  for  the 
Government  of  Brazil  to  take  the  initiative  as  to  the  holding  of  such  a 
conference. 

14.  The  resolution  as  to  fluctuations  in  exchange  calls  for  an 
effort  by  the  various  Governments  toward  a  detailed  study  of  their 
monetary  systems  and  fluctuations  in  exchange  to  be  submitted  to 
the  International  Bureau,  and,  in  turn,  a  r6sum6  will  be  there  pre- 
pared for  the  next  Pan-American  Conference.  It  is  recommended 
that  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  be  authorized  to  consult  with  recog- 
nized authorities  on  this  subject  and  to  submit  to  the  Governing 
Board  for  its  information  and  approval  a  plan  of  investigation  to  be 
laid  before  the  different  Governments. 

In  conclusion  the  committee,  having  submitted  this  report,  recom- 
mends that  its  labors  be  considered  as  at  an  end,  and  that  further 
action  which  might  require  their  attention  be  referred  to  the  regular 
Supervisory  Committee  of  the  Board. 

J.  N.  Leger. 
Epifanio  Poktela. 
Felipe  Pardo. 
Washington,  D.  C,  Fehruary  i,  1908. 


268     INTEBNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE  AMESICAK   BEPUBLICS. 

HEMOBANDT7M  OF  ACTION  OF  THE  DIFFEBENT  AHEBICAN  OOY- 
EBNMENTS  IN  THE  MATTEB  OF  THE  CONSEDEBATION  AND 
BATIFICATION  OF  THE  CONVENTIONS  AND  BESOIiXTTIONS  OF 
THE  THTRD  PAN-AMEBICAN  CONFEBENCE,  AS  SHOWN  BY  THE 
BECOBDS  OF  THE  INTEBNATIONAI.  BUBEATJ  OF  THE  AMEBICAN 
BEPUBLICS  AND  OF  THE  STATE  DEPABTMENT  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES. 

CONVENTIONS. 

On  March  2,  1907,  the  President  of  the  United  States  submitted  to 
Congress  the  four  conventions  signed  at  Rio  de  Janeiro.  The  con- 
ventions on  Pecimiary  Claims  and  Naturalization  have  been  ratified, 
but  no  action  has  yet  been  taken  on  the  other  two.* 

The  President  of  the  Dominican  Republic  submitted  to  Congress 
the  four  conventions.  The  only  convention  approved  at  the  last 
session  was  that  of  the  Compilation  of  a  Code  of  International  Law, 
as  Congress  adjourned  without  taking  action  on  the  other  conven- 
tions. 

The  Government  of  Salvador  on  May  11,  1907,  ratified  the  four 
conventions. 

Brazil  ratified,  on  December  27,  1907,  the  convention  on  Inter- 
national Law,  and  the  Executive  was  authorized  to  provide  for  the 
necessary  expenses  for  the  meeting  of  the  Conference  of  Jurists  at 
Rio  de  Janeiro  this  year. 

The  President  of  Uruguay,  in  a  message  to  the  Uruguayan  Congress 
March  27,  1907,  recommended  that  favorable  action  be  taken  to  put 
in  operation  the  convention  on  International  Law,  and  suggested  that 
Dr.  GoNZALO  Ramirez  be  appointed  as  the  representative  at  the  Rio 
Conference. 

The  Chilean  Government,  according  to  a  dispatch  of  the  American 
Minister  at  Santiago,  July  3,  1907,  decided  to  appoint  the  Committee 
on  Resolutions  of  the  International  American  Conferences,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  obtain  the  ratification  of  said  resolutions. 

The  Republic  of  Salvador  has  ratified  all  of  the  resolutions. 


DEATH  OF  MR.  ARTHUR  W.  FERGUSSON. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Governing  Board  of  the  International 
Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  on  February  5,  1908,  the  Min- 
ister of  Costa  Rica  moved  that  the  Board  take  suitable  action  upon 
th(»  untimely  and  lamented  death  of  Mr.  Arthub  W.  Febgusson, 
Executive  Secretary  of  the  Civil  Government  of  the  Philippines.  Mr. 
Fergusson  was  the  official  Spanish  interpreter  and  translator  of  the 
First  Pan-American  Conference  and  subsequently  chief  translator  in 

«  Convention  on  International  Law  was  ratified  on  February  3,  1908. 


OOIQCSBOIAL  RELATIONS  OF  THE  U.  8.   AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.      269 

the  Bureau  for  many  years,  having  also  served  in  that  capacity  in 
Peris  at  the  time  of  the  Treaty  of  Peace.  Mr.  Fergusson  left  the 
Bureau  to  serve  as  official  interpreter  and  translator  to  the  United 
States  Civil  Commission  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  was  subse- 
quently promoted,  by  reason  of  his  excellent  and  meritorious  serv- 
ices, to  the  position  of  Executive  Secretary,  which  he  held  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  The  Ministers  of  Cuba  and  Nicaragua  stated  that  they 
heartily  seconded  the  motion  of  the  Costa  Rican  ACnister,  the  former 
suggesting  that  the  Director  of  the  International  Bureau  be  author- 
ized to  express  to  Mr.  Fergusson' s  family  the  profound  regret  of 
the  Governing  Board  on  their  bereavement. 


COMMERCIAL  RELATIONS  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

When  Prof.  William  R.  Shepherd,  of  Columbia  University,  New 
York  City,  made  his  journey,  during  Ihe  summer  of  1907,  throughout 
South  America,  the  International  Bureau  requested  him  to  conduct 
certain  investigations  involving  the  commercial  relations  of  the 
United  States  and  the  South  American  countries,  and  to  provide  the 
Bureau  with  a  report  thereon.  Professor  Shepherd  has  submitted 
an  extended  and  thorough  paper,  and  such  portions  of  it  as  would  be 
of  value  to  the  business  interests  of  the  United  States  are  given  below, 
with,  of  course,  the  understanding  that  the  Bureau  accepts  no  respon- 
sibility for  the  statements: 

EXTRACTS   FROM   THE    REPORT   OF    PROFESSOR  SHEPHERD. 

"From  time  immemorial  commerce  has  been  regarded  as  perhaps 
the  most  eJBicacious  means  of  acquiring  and  diffusing  knowledge 
about  distant  lands.  In  the  backwardness  of  the  trade  of  the  United 
States  with  South  America,  therefore,  lurks  a  primary  cause  of  the 
ignorance  prevalent  in  this  country  about  its  continental  neighbor. 
No  one  denies  so  obvious  a  fact  any  more  than  he  would  be  disposed 
to  scout  the  further  assertion  that  foreign  capital  and  foreign  inmii- 
gration  are  quite  as  indispensable  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
the  republics  in  South  America  as  they  have  been  to  the  national 
development  of  the  United  States.  Both  personal  investigation  and 
the  series  of  publications  issued  by  the  South  American  Governments 
describing  the  resources  of  their  respective  territories,  together  with 
the  special  facilities  offered  to  foreign  enterprise,  have  made  the 
demand  for  such  immigration  and  capital  known.  Furthermore,  the 
actual  experience  gained  in  the  work  of  introducing  these  factors  of 
progress  has  revealed,  not  only  the  profit  that  accrues  to  the  investor 
of  brawn,  brains,  and  money,  but  the  benefit  also  that  is  conferte-d 


270     INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.' 

upon  the  South  American  States  themselves  in  helping  to  remoYe 
the  hindrances  that  have  retarded  their  development  since  the  foun- 
dation of  their  national  independence,  and  in  providing  the  means 
necessary  to  assure  their  national  advancement. 

''Were  the  United  States  to  acquire  its  proper  share  in  the  process, 
the  financial  and  other  advantages  to  the  American  citizens  concerned 
would  be  evident  enough,  while  at  the  same  time  our  spirit  and  enter- 
prise, our  democratic  institutions,  our  educational  impulses  and 
achievements,  and  our  social,  economic,  intellectual,  and  political 
training  in  general  could  be  brought  directly  to  bear  upon  the  States 
of  South  America  in  a  manner  that  could  not  fail  to  be  of  service  to 
them.  Should  we  be  able  to  work  out  and  apply  the  qualities  and 
methods  needful  to  accompUsh  so  desirable  an  object,  the  South 
Americans  on  their  own  part  might  learn  to  mistrust  the  United 
States  and  its  supposed  designs  far  less  than  is  now  the  case,  and  in 
so  doing  might  be  incUned  correspondingly  more  to  accept  and  to 
propagate  the  ideas  and  the  practices  of  Pan-Americanism. 

INFERIORITY  OF  AMERICAN  TRADE. 

''A  study  in  outline  of  the  peculiar  circumstances,  the  national 
policies,  the  individual  traits,  and  the  business  methods  character- 
istic of  the  Americans  and  of  the  chief  peoples  of  Europe  concerned 
in  the  commercial  and  industrial  development  of  South  America  may 
serve  to  indicate  certain  general  causes  of  the  inferiority  attendant 
thus  far  upon  the  trade  of  the  United  States,  and  may  light  the  way, 
also,  to  a  solution  of  the  problems  that  have  arisen  in  connection 
with  the  efforts  that  are  being  made  to  improve  it.  For  the  purposes 
of  this  study,  however,  no  lists  of  prices  at  which  American  goods 
may  be  sold,  as  compared  with  those  at  which  European  commodities 
may  be  bought,  in  the  South  American  markets,  will  be  supplied, 

'  and  no  concrete  examples  of  the  lines  of  American  goods  for  which 
a  demand  exists,  or  might  be  created  there,  will  be  furnished.  These 
matters  require  a  technical  treatment  such  as  a  business  expert 
alone  may  give.  A  discussion  of  them  could  hardly  fall  within  the 
limits  of  a  report  confined  to  emphasizing  a  number  of  primary 
reasons  for  the  backwardness  of  our  trade  in  South  America,  which 
do  not  need  a  substantiation  by  figures,  or  an  expression  in  terms  of 
merchandise,  to  make  their  force  apparent  or  their  meaning  clear. 
The  considerations  and  the  conclusions  which  it  presents  are  intended 
to  point  out  broadly  the  obstacles  that  have  impeded  our  own  pro- 
gress, and  to  mark  the  factors  that  have  contributed  most  to  the 
success  of  our  European  competitors.  The  bases  upon  which  its 
statements  rest  are  derived  in  part  from  personal  observations,  in 
part  from  opinions  expressed  by  South  Americans  themselves,  and 
in  part   also  from  views  held  by  American  exporters  alive  to  the 

Situation. 


OOMirSBOIAL  BELATIONS  OF  THS    U.   8.   AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.     271 

"Euroi>ean  immigration  and  European  capital,  joined  to  the 
possession  of  wondrous  natural  resources  and  coupled  with  the 
exercise  of  American  ability  and  energy,  have  placed  the  United 
States  in  the  eminent  position  that  it  occupies  among  the  great 
powers  of  the  world  to-day.  Leaving  the  influence  of  European 
immigration  outside  of  the  area  of  discussion,  it  is  a  well-kno^vTi  fact 
that,  until  quite  recently,  this  country  was  dependent,  to  a  large 
extent,  upon  the  financial  aid  of  Europe  for  its  development.  It 
enacted  the  r6le  of  a  debtor  nation  precisely  as  the  states  of  South 
America  have  been  doing,  and  as  they  are  likely  to  do,  for  some 
time  to  come.  On  our  own  part  we  shall  have,  as  we  had  for  a  number 
of  years  before  the  existing  financial  disturbance  appeared,  a  surplus 
of  capital  to  invest  either  directly  in  South  America,  or  in  the  pro- 
duction of  commodities  that  may  find  a  market  there.  Why  this 
amount  of  capital  has  been  diverted  to  other  parts  of  the  world,  and 
how  it  may  be  turned  toward  South  America,  are  but  so  many 
phases  of  the  general  question. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  TREND  OF  TRADE. 

"The  circumstances  of  historical  origin,  geographical  position,  and 
habits  of  association  have  caused  the  currents  of  trade  and  migra- 
tion to  and  from  the  United  States  to  run  east  and  west  rather  than 
north  and  south.  Since  our  excess  products  are  sent  to  Europe  and 
to  Asia  for  the  most  part,  and  sold  at  a  fair  degree  of  profit,  we 
ap}>ear  to  think  that,  normally,  the  United  States  does  not  need  the 
trade  of  South  America,  and  will  not  need  it  perhaps  until,  in  order 
to  forestall  the  consequences  of  overproduction,  we  shall  be  com- 
pelled to  seek  an  outlet  in  the  south.  That  the  market  there  may 
be  preempted  ere  such  a  situation  arrives  we  are  loth  to  believe  is 
possible. 

"To  an  eminent  degree  what  has  been  said  of  the  trend  of  the  trade 
of  the  United  States  is  true  also  of  that  of  South  America  in  its  relation 
to  Europe.  So  far  as  the  countries  along  the  west  coast  of  that  conti- 
nent are  concerned,  certain  conditions,  due  to  their  geographical 
location,  to  the  number  and  characteristics  of  their  aboriginal  popula- 
tion, or  to  both,  have  impeded  their  development  m  a  special  manner, 
rendering  them  quite  dependent  upon  their  communication  with 
Europe,  either  directly  or  through  the  medium  of  the  States  that  face 
Europe.  Nor  has  the  connection  established  some  time  ago  between 
Asia  and  the  west  coast  of  South  America  by  means  of  a  Japanese  line 
of  steamships  led  to  any  marked  change  as  yet  in  the  customary 
direction  eastward  of  the  west  coast  trade.  The  proximity  to  Europe 
of  the  eastern  States  themselves,  combined  with  the  advantages  of 
soil  and  climate  which  they  possess,  has  kept  tlie  current  of  their 
commerce    and  migration  in  what  might  seem  to  be  the    normal 


272      INTEBNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OP   THE   AMSKICAH   BEFUBUCS. 

channels  from  east  to  west.  The  emigrants  from  Europe,  further- 
more, who  have  peopled  the  republics  of  South  America  in  general  are 
familiar  of  course  with  the  products  of  their  native  lands,  and  unless 
powerful  inducements  to  the  contrary  are  made  eflFective,  will  prefer 
such  products  to  articles  brought  from  other  countries,  and  will  main- 
tain a  constant  demand  for  them. 

CONNECTION    BETWEEN   EXJBOPE   AND   SOUTH   AMEBICA. 

"Given  these  conditions,  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  conununica- 
tion  between  South  America  and  Europe  should  be  so  close.  To 
develop  it,  trading  companies,  commercial  agencies,  steamships,  sail- 
ing vessels,  banks,  and  other  instrumentalities  of  trafiSc  have  multi- 
plied enormously.  In  this  process  of  action  the  share  of  the  United 
States  has  been  comparatively  insignificant. 

"As  is  well  known,  Germany,  Great  Britain,  and  Italy  are  the  chief 
competitors  of  the  United  States  in  the  South  American  trade.  In 
accounting  for  their  success  one  must  remember  at  the  outset  that 
they  were  the  first  on  the  ground.  In  these  countries,  also,  there  is  a 
relatively  tremendous  pressure  of  population,  accompanied  by  a  cor- 
responding absence  of  business  opportimities  and  a  lack  of  suitable 
markets  at  home  for  domestic  products.  Conversely,  the  induce- 
ments to  seek  personal  prosperity  and  a  commercial  outlet  abroad 
must  be  exceedingly  strong.  They  affect  the  men  of  mediocre 
abilities  who  are  content  to  struggle  along  under  adverse  conditions 
far  less  than  they  do  the  men  whose  powers  are  commensurate  with 
their  ambitions.  As  a  rule,  therefore,  the  Germans,  the  English,  and 
the  Italians  best  fitted  to  cope  with  the  situation  in  other  parts  of  the 
world  are  the  ones  who  go  forth,  and  this  migration  is  bound  to  continue 
so  Jong  as  their  respective  countries  necessitate  it. 

"That  precisely  the  reverse  of  these  circumstances  is  true  of  the 
United  States  requires  no  confirmation  at  length.  The  single  illustra- 
tion of  the  difficulty  found  in  attracting  American  clerks  to  South 
America  might,  however,  be  cited.  A  young  Englishman  or  a  young 
German  of  fair  ability  will  go  there  for  a  salary  of  $1,000  a  year  or  even 
for  less;  whereas  a  young  American  of  about  the  same  ability  would 
demand  double  that  sum.  American  firms  indeed  doing  business  in 
South  America  are  frequently  forced  to  employ  English  or  German 
clerks. 

OEBMAN   COMPETmON. 

'*The  most  powerful  competitor  with  whom  the  United  States  will 
have  to  reckon  in  its  trade  relations  with  South  America  is  the  Ger- 
man. The  way  in  which  British  influence  and  British  capital  have 
been  undermined  or  replaced  by  German  factors  of  this  sort  consti- 
tutes one  of  the  most  remarkable  phases  in  the  recent  economic  de- 


COHMSBGIAL  RSLATIOITO  OF  THE  U.  S.  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.      273 

velopment  of  the  southern  continent.  In  a  number  of  cases  the 
names  of  the  corporations  or  firms  concerned  may  remain  English, 
but  the  basis  and  the  strength  they  possess  are  German.  The  native 
estimate  also  of  the  relative  degree  of  business  ability  and  power  of 
adaptation  displayed  by  the  chief  groups  of  foreigners  engaged  in 
trade  generally  ranks  the  Grerman  first  as  it  puts  the  American  last. 
'*The  skill,  tait,  thrift,  shrewdness  in  investment,  and  the  adapt- 
ive, not  to  say  imitative,  instincts  of  the  typical  German  are  qual- 
ities that  seem  to  assure,  his  success  in  South  America.  They  are 
strikingly  exemplified  in  such  German  centers  of  activity  as  Valdivia 
in  southern  Chile,  and  Rio  Grande  in  southern  Brazil,  but  they  may 
be  studied  to  advantage  elsewhere  as  well.  The  German  learns  the 
language  and  acquaints  himself  with  the  characteristics  and  habits  of 
thought  of  the  people  with  whom  he  has  to  deal  before  he  begins  busi- 
ness. He  is  tolerant  of  native  sympathies  and  prejudices.  Even  if 
he  can  win  no  more  than  the  respect  of  the  people  of  the  country,  he 
avoids  anything  that  might  suggest  antagonism.  Rather  than  hold 
himself  socially  aloof,  he  will  marry  into  a  native  family.  With  the 
politics  of  the  country  he  does  not  concern  himself.  The  German, 
furthermore,  works  long  and  late.  On  holidays  he  may  yield  to  na- 
tive wishes  so  far  as  to  keep  the  front  doors  of  his  office  or  store 
closed,  but  he  is  actually  at  work.  From  time  to  time  he  travels  to 
the  lands  of  his  foreign  competitors,  where  he  masters  the  secrets  of 
their  trade  and  manufacture.  Returning  to  the  scene  of  his  business, 
he  carefully  combines  the  knowledge  he  has  thus  obtained  with  his 
own  practical  skill,  so  as  to  meet  successfully  the  demands  of  his  na- 
tive customers.  Unlike  his  foreign  competitors,  however,  he  does  not 
assume  that  the  mere  reputation  of  German  goods,  or  the  utterance 
of  the  talismanic  words  ''Made  in  Germany,''  wdll  be  sufficient  to  in- 
sure an  immediate  sale.  Instead  of  showing  catalogues,  he  shows  the 
articles  themselves,  keeping  a  suitable  number  of  them  in  stock,  and 
he  is  ever  prepared  to  give  a  practical  demonstration  of  their  opera- 
tion. Finally,  if  his  customers  desire  it,  he  grants  them  a  Uberal 
credit  in  the  form  to  which  they  are  accustomed. 

SHIPPING   FACILITIES    AND    FREIGHT   RATES. 

* 'According  to  the  statements  of  American  exporters  practically 
familiar  with  the  situation,  our  shipping  facilities  to  South  America 
are  inadequate,  and  the  freight  rates  on  goods  sent  thither  are  higher 
than  those  charged  on  export  from  Europe  for  about  the  same  dis- 
tance and  under  similar  circumstances  of  sliipment.  To  be  sure,  it  is 
a  truism  to  say  that  the  great  majority  of  vessels  carrying  American 
products  to  the  southern  continent  sail  under  foreign  flags,  and  hence 
net  the  profits  of  the  transportation  to  their  foreign  owners.  But, 
apart  altogether  from  this  consideration,  the  actual  number  of  such 
29039— BuU.  2—08 3 


274     INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMEBIOAN  BEPUBIJCS. 

vessels  and  the  accommodations  that  they  offer  for  passengers  and 
freight,  taken  as  a  whole,  are  as  insufficient  as  the  dates  of  their  de- 
partures and  arrivals  are  more  or  less  irregular.  To  the  east  coast 
and  to  the  southern  portion  of  the  west  coast  of  South  America  pas- 
sengers may  always  go  and  freight  may  often  be  sent  more  conven- 
iently by  way  of  Europe;  whereas,  so  far  at  least  as  the  shipment  of 
freight  from  the  United 'States  is  concerned,  the  west  coast  traffic  is 
greatly  neglected. 

'*  However  true  it  may  be  that,  owing  to  the  rate  war  which  has  pre- 
vailed for  some  time  among  various  shipping  lines  connected  with  the 
South  American  trade,  the  freight  rates  now  in  operation  are  com- 
paratively low.  This  is  an  abnormal  and  temporary  circumstance  that 
can  not  be  used  to  solve  the  general  problem.  Right  here  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  freight  rates  on  goods  sent  by  any  direct  line  of 
vessels  from  the  United  States  to  South  America,  or  to  the  east  coast, 
at  all  events,  and  the  southern  portion  of  the  west  coast  of  that  con- 
tintMit,  art^  calculated,  more  or  less,  on  the  basis  of  what  the  American 
exporter  would  have  to  pay, first,  for  having  his  goods  shipped  to  Eu- 
rope. aiuK  seoonil,  for  ha^'ing  them  dispatched  from  Europe  to  South 
.Vmorioa.  That  is  to  say,  while  the  freight  rates  on  the  direct  lines 
fiHMU  the  rniteil  States  to  SiUith  America  may  be  lower  than  the  two 
other  rates  ciMulnned.  they  are  actually  higher  than  the  rat^  from 
KurojH^  rtKuu\  In  the  ease  of  certain  conmiodities,  like  grain,  lum- 
Um\  and  oiK  with  tl\e  prinhiotion  of  which  Europe  cannot  compete, 
I  ho  froi^ht  rates  !\vnv  iloiuanded  do  not  appear  to  work  any  hardship. 
Kh\  I  ho  vMhor  hand,  where  oomjH^tition  in  the  sale  of  manufactured 
lU  UvloH  is  koon.  it  happens  that,  other  things  being  equal,  the  German 
oi  I  ho  Knglish  exporter,  paying,  as  he  does,  less  than  the  American 
f\»»  I  ho  transportation  of  his  goods,  can  afford  to  imdersell  the  Ameri- 
\'un  in  the  markets  of  South  America. 

now    TO    OBTAIN    TRADE. 

"Though  acknowlrMl^ing  the  existence  of  the  circumstances  earlier 
sketclied,  which  Hccni  naturally  to  draw  South  .\merica  to  Euro|)e 
rather  than  to  t  he  I  'nited  States,  and  though  admitting  that  American 
national  ixilicics  in  n»f(T(»nce  to  the  protective  tariff  and  navigation 
laws  nii<^ht.  he  modified  to  advantage,  those  circumstances  can  not 
be  countcractiMl  in  any  considerable  degree  or  these  policies  altered 
with  «ny  iissurancc*  of  real  benefit,  in  my  opinion,  until  the  views  and 
methods  of  American  business  men  regarding  the  trade  with  the 
countries  of  South  America  undergo  a  change  that  will  enable  us  to 
coni|)«»tc  succ(\ssfully  with  our  present  rivals,  and  particularly  with 
\hr  (Ifrrnans.  Here  the  ultimate  n^sponsibility  lies.  Situat<*d  geo- 
graphienlly,  as  w(»  an*,  about  as  distant  from  South  America  at  large 
iL*^  Kf/;*o;>e  is,  with  the  completion  of  the  Panama  Canal  a  question 


OOmiXBCIAL  RELATIONS  OF  THE   U.  S.  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.     275 

of  the  future,  and  excluded  thus  far  from  the  possible  advantages  of 
communication  by  railway,  we  must  learn  and  apply  what  our  Euro- 
pean competitors  think  and  do  if  we  wish  to  obtain  our  share  of  the 
southern  trade.  They  have  been  successful  in  a  long  experience, 
while  we  have  just  begun,  and  the  beginnings  have  been  less  aus- 
picious than  might  have  been  desired.  Habitual  currents  of  trade, 
the  protective  tariff,  navigation  laws,  and  ship  subsidies  all  apart, 
we  can  get  our  portion  of  the  commerce  in  question  whenever  we  are 
able  to  understand  that  the  American  way  of  doing  things  will  not 
work  universally  in  South  America;  that  in  many  respects  Europe  is 
quite  capable  of  producing  commodities  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  our 
own;  and  that  we  must  adapt  ourselves  to  the  pressure  of  circum- 
stances in  the  hope  that  our  native  abilities,  added  to  the  examples 
of  European  experience,  may  enable  us  to  improve  vastly  upon  our 
models  in  that  region.  Whatever  is  now  to  be  said,  therefore,  by 
way  of  indicating  the  extent  to  which  our  views  and  methods  are 
defective,  will  serve  to  show  how  far  our  European  competitors  have 
the  advantage  of  us;  because,  taking  them  as  a  whole,  they  think 
and  do  just  the  opposite  of  what  we  think  and  do,  and  are  prosperous 
at  it.  On  the  other  hand,  there  are  certain  methods  of  carrying  on 
business  which  are  presumed  to  be  American  in  origin,  and  yet  are 
not  sufficiently  employed  in  South  America. 

"Not  only  do  we  as  a  nation  know  practically  nothing  about  South 
America,  but  apparently  we  are  not  inclined  to  add  to  our  slender 
stock  of  information  about  it.  Yankee  inquisitivcness  in  the  concerns 
of  the  Western  Hemisphere  does  not  extend,  it  would  seem,  below 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  The  stories  we  hear  about  revolutions  and 
earthquakes,  Indians  and  mixed  races,  tropical  suns,  jungles,  ani- 
mals, and  insects  provide  us  alternately  with  amusement  and  aver- 
sion, while  they  deepen  our  ignorance  of  the  real  conditions.  In  the 
doings  of  mankind  alone  we  are  apt  to  assume  that  what  may  have 
been  true  of  any  countrj^  of  South  America  at  one  time,  or  of  various 
countries  at  different  times,  must  be  tnie  of  all  the  countries  at  all 
times.  Priding  ourselves,  furthennore,  on  our  racial  and  national 
superiority,  we  are  disposed  to  be  contemptuous,  patronizing,  or 
threatening,  as  the  mood  of  the  moment  may  incline. 

PRICES    OF    AMERICAN    (JOODS. 

'*  Taking  up  another  aspect  of  the  general  subject  under  considera- 
tion, it  should  be  said  that  the  prices  of  American  j^oods  are  too  high 
to  warrant  a  widespread  c(msumption  of  them  in  South  America. 
This  circumstance  may  be  duo  in  part  to  the  burdens  incumbent  upon 
transportation,  and  in  part  also  to  the  better  class  of  materials  used, 
and  to  the  greater  cost  of  the  labor  employed  in  their  manufacture. 
Perhaps,  too,  a  native  prejudice  based  on  the  presumed  discrimination 


276     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

of  our  protective  tariff  against  South  American  imports  may  create 
a  sentiment  in  turn  against  the  purchase  of  American  articles,  which 
forestalls  an  actual  examination  of  them  to  determine  whether  the 
prices  fixed  are  relatively  higher  than  those  asked  by  other  foreigners 
for  a  similar  class  of  goods.  The  alleged  superiority  of  American 
materials  and  of  American  workmanship  over  those  of  European 
origin  may  now  have  come  to  be  a  more  or  less  gratuitous  assumption. 
At  all  events  the  question  is  open  to  discussion,  particularly  after  one 
has  noted  the  fine  quality  of  many  classes  of  Euro}>ean  articles,  and 
the  readiness  with  which  both  Europeans  and  Americans  copy  one 
another's  productions. 

**But  even  granting  the  intrinsic  superiority  of  the  American 
commodity,  backed  by  the  influence  of  a  manufacturing  reputation,  it 
does  not  follow  that  the  South  American  buyer  ¥^  be  disposed  to 
recognize  such  superiority  if  the  article  costs  more  than  something 
else  that  appears  to  be  just  as  good.  If  the  standard  of  quality  of 
the  American  product  is  to  be  maintained,  and  the  price  is  to  con- 
tinue the  same,  either  a  systematic  campaign  of  education  in  the 
special  value  of  the  American  article,  as  compared  with  the  claims* 
urged  in  behalf  of  some  European  commodity,  will  have  to  be  carried 
on  among  the  native  purchasers,  or  the  American  manufacturer  wiD 
have  to  content  himself  with  a  large  output  and  with  small  profits. 

METHODS   OF   SELLING. 

^  *  That  if  the  South  Americans  want  our  goods  they  should  come 
and  get  them,  and  that  anything  A\'ill  do  for  South  America,  are  ideas 
which  seem  to  be  fairly  prevalent  in  the  United  States.  If  he  does  not 
knowingly  sencK  inferior  articles,  as  is  sometimes  charged  against 
him,  our  manufacturer  is  often  slow  about  filling  orders,  and  careless 
or  indifTerent  about  returning  things,  especially  parts  of  machinery, 
sent  him  for  repair  or  replacement.  He  is  apt  to  be  im^-illing  to 
change  in  form  or  in  substance  what  may  befit  the  needs  of  consumers 
in  his  own  country  so  as  to  satisfy  the  requirements  of  the  South 
American  purcliasers. 

PACKING   AND   MARKING   GOODS. 

''Nor  does  the  American  manufacturer  feel  inclined  to  alter  his 
method  of  packing  or  his  style  of  presentation.  The  goods  sent  from 
the  United  States  are  frequently  packed  in  sizes  and  measures,  as 
well  as  given  designations,  not  used  in  South  America.  At  times  the 
box,  case,  cask,  etc.,  is  too  large  for  the  purpose,  thus  compellingthe 
importer  to  pay  for  an  extra  size  or  weight  at  the  custom-house  and 
elsewhere.  It  is  not  unusual  to  find  that  the  American  manufacturer 
makes  little  effort  to  safeguard  his  consignments  against  breakage, 


OOMMEBOIAL  RELATIONS  OF  THE  U.  S.  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.     277 

leakage,  or  theft.  Huge  boxes,  flimsily  constructed  of  thin  boards 
and  unprovided  with  iron  bands  or  other  means  of  security,  are 
filled  with  heavy  merchandise  and  dispatched  to  South  America, 
only  to  be  broken  open  intentionally  by  thieving  freight  handlers  or 
accidentally  in  the  process  of  transference  from  lighters  or  wharves 
to  steamers  and  sailing  vessels,  or  vice  versa.  Anyone  who  has 
watched  a  lighter  being  loaded  or  unloaded,  along  the  Pacific  coast  of 
South  America  in  particular,  and  has  observed  the  pillage  and  de- 
struction that  frequently  ensue  as  a  result  of  poor  packing,  will  under- 
stand how  negligent  in  this  respect  the  American  exporter  is.  At 
times,  also,  he  fails  to  take  out  a  sufficient  amount  of  insurance  on  his 
consignments  against  damage  in  some  form;  nor  does  he  always 
protect  himself  otherwise  in  an  adequate  fashion  against  the  foreign 
shipping  companies  that  carry  his  goods.  He  does  not  mark  the 
articles  exported  as  carefully  as  he  should.  Not  only  are  the  indica- 
tions as  to  form,  size,  contents,  etc.,  omitted  from  the  labels,  errone- 
ously stated,  or  wrongly  placed,  but  the  actual  addresses  of  the 
consignees  are  incorrectly  given,  or  so  poorly  put  on  as  to  become 
obliterated  before  the  goods  can  arrive  at  their  supposed  destination. 
If  he  knows,  also,  of  the  cheap  imitations  of  American  articles,  and 
of  the  frequent  falsification  of  their -trade-marks  in  South  America, 
he  appears  to  make  little  effort  to  counteract  the  underselling  that 
follows.  The  manufacture  of  *  American  shoes'  with  'American' 
trade-marks  constitutes  but  one  example  of  the  practice. 

NECESSrrY   FOB    KNOWLEDGE    OP   SPANISH    AND    PORTUGUESE. 

"Griven  the  shrewdness  accredited  to  the  American  business  man, 
his  failure  to  spread  his  reputation  in  South  America  is  all  the  more 
conspicuous.  Unmindful  of  the  difference  in  speech,  he  often  answers 
in  English  letters  of  inquiry  addressed  to  liim  in  some  other  language, 
and  sends  to  the  inquirer  and  to  others  elaborately  illustrated  cata- 
logues printed  in  English  as  well.  Neither  the  reply  nor  the  catalogue 
is  apt  to  serve  the  purpose.  When  he  sends  out  a  traveling  salesman 
he  selects  too  commonly  a  person  unacquainted  with  any  language  but 
his  own,  and  unfitted  alike  by  temperament  and  by  training  to  deal 
with  South  Americans. 

SALESMEN    AND   AGENTS. 

"Instead  of  taking  the  trouble,  furthermore,  to  penetrate  into  the 
interior  of  the  countries,  the  American  salesman  usually  contents 
himself  with  visiting  the  coast  towns  and  coming  into  contact  merely 
with  English  importing  houses  or  with  German  establishments  of  the 
same  sort  in  which  English  is  spoken.  Through  the  medium  of  the 
salesman  in  question,  or  directly  on  the  part  of  the  American  house 


278     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN   REPUBLICS, 

itself,  agencies  are  often  set  up  in  the  very  headquarters  of  our  chief 
competitors,  instead  of  being  intrusted  to  native  hands.  How 
greatly  the  German  or  English  firm  is  benefited  by  such  an  admission 
to  American  trade  secrets  may  be  conjectured.  Even  in  the  cases 
where  a  native  agency  may  be  created,  it  is  not  an  unusual  occurrence 
for  tl^  American  house  to  wait  until  the  agency  has  built  up  a  good 
market  for  any  particular  article,  and  then  to  turn  over  the  sale  of  it 
to  a  newly  established  branch  of  the  American  concern.  Resentful  at 
what  he  considers  to  be  unfair  treatment,  the  former  agent  may  see 
fit  to  impede,  if  he  can,  the  sale  of  what  he  had  formerly  promoted. 

WARNING   AS   TO    ADVERTISING. 

"Another  commentary  on  the  lack  of  business  ability  shown  by 
the  American  merchant  engaged  in  the  South  American  trade,  is 
that  furnished  by  the  comparative  readiness  with  which  he  adver- 
tises in  certain  periodicals  printed  in  Spanish,  published  in  the 
United  States,  and  circulated  chiefly  among  the  American  adver- 
tisers themselves!  Diligent  inquiry  among  business  men  in  South 
America  showed  that  such  periodicals,  even  when  they  had  been 
heard  of,  were  seldom  if  ever  looked  at.  Occasionally,  however, 
one  of  these  papers  may  be  discovered  in  a  dusty  comer  of  the 
library  attached  to  some  Chamber  of  Commerce  or  Board  of  Trade, 
simply  occupying  space  and  ignored. 

' '  In  this  connection  it  should  be  remarked  that  all  South  Ameri- 
cans who  read  newspapers  and  other  periodicals  are  inclined  to 
peruse  them  with  a  degree  of  avidity  which  has  no  parallel  in  the 
United  States,  save  perhaps  in  some  of  the  remote  districts  of  the 
country.  Everything  from  the  highly  spiced  editorial  down  to  the 
insipid  ''Agents  Wanted"  may  be  read  and  even  commented  upon. 
The  American  manufacturer  or  dealer,  therefore,  who  desires  to 
attract  the  wSouth  American  market  should  advertise  in  the  princi- 
pal newspapers,  illustrated  magazines,  and  business  journals  actually 
published  in  the  countries  concerned,  and  conducted  under  native 
auspices.  Our  patent-medicine  men  know  enough  to  proclaim 
directly  from  the  columns  of  the  South  American  periodical  the 
extraordinary  virtues  of  certain  emulsions,  pink  pills,  electric  belts, 
and  divers  elixirs.  If  by  means  of  index  fingers  of  warning  or  by 
other  devices  they  beckon  credulous  humanity  in  South  America  to 
their  wares  as  successfully  as  they  appear  to  do  in  the  United  States, 
why  should  not  the  American  manufacturer  advertise  wisely  that 
which  will  be  of  real  benefit  to  the  consumer  and  to  the  producer 
alike '^  So  far  as  such  legitimate  advertising  is  concerned,  imless  the 
subject-matter  is  to  be  changed  frecjuently,  or  some  other  reason  to 
the  contrary  exists,  the  advertisements  need  not  be  inserted  in  the 


OOMMBROIAL  BBLATIONS  OF  THE  U.  S.  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.      279 

periodical  chosen  more  than  once  a  month.  South  Americans  are 
fond  of  what  is,  or  what  purports  to  be,  a  novelty  even  in  the  shape 
of  an  advertisement. 

MUTUAL   DISTRUST. 

*'  The  ordinary  man  of  business  in  the  United  States  is  prone  to 
think  that  the  South  Americans  with  whom  he  may  have  to  deal 
are  naturally  or  habitually  dishonest — a  state  of  mind  that  seems  to 
be  heartily  reciprocated  by  the  South  Americans  in  turn  after  they 
have  come  into  contact  with  some  of  the  American  concerns  com- 
mercially interested  in  the  southern  continent.  Often  the  American 
capitalist  declines  to  invest  his  money  in  South  American  enter- 
prises because  he  believes  that  it  can  not  be  protected.  Certain 
classes  in  the  countries  of  South  America,  it  is  true,  affected  by 
the  spirit  of  ''Knownothingism,''  do  not  favor  the  introduction 
of  foreign  capital  on  a  great  scale  at  all,  and  view  with  apprehen- 
sion the  inpouring  of  foreign  immigrants.  Fearing  a  possible  expro- 
priation, they  oppose  more  or  less  secretly  the  spread  of  foreign  influ- 
ence. Nevertheless  a  general  desire  for  the  introduction  of  capital 
from  the  United  States  exists  in  practically  all  the  countries  of  the 
southern  continent.  No  doubt  they  appreciate  its  intrinsic  value 
for  the  purpose  of  developing  the  natural  resources  of  each,  but  they 
have  a  shrewd  notion,  also,  of  the  additional  benefit  to  be  derived 
from  a  cheapening  of  capital  were  the  American  commodity  to  be 
placed  in  competition  with  the  British  and  the  German  article. 

BANKING    FACILITIES. 

"Owing  to  the  absence  of  American  banks  in  South  America  the 
business  enterprises  of  our  citizens  in  that  continent  are  more  or  less 
at  the  financial  mercy  of  branches  of  European  banking  institutions 
that  naturally  direct  their  eff'orts  to  favoring  the  commerce  of  their 
respective  countries  against  our  own.  Taking  it  for  granted  that  the 
establishment  of  American  banks  would  facilitate  American  trade 
by  rendering  it  independent  of  European  corporations,  it  is  no  less 
true  that  such  financial  institutions  would  aff'ord  large  pecuniary 
returns  to  their  founders  and  operators.  In  this  connection  one  need 
only  to  mention  the  profits  of  from  8  to  15  per  cent,  and  even  more, 
made  annually  on  exchanges,  drafts,  and  the  like  by  the  J^uropean 
banking  houses. 

"With  many  of  the  South  American  Republics  the  United  States 
has  no  arrangement  by  treaty  for  the  issuance  of  money  orders.  For 
this  reason  the  South  American  who  desires  to  pay  for  some  article 
ordered  from  the  United  States  has  to  effect  payment  through  a  Euro- 
pean agency.  The  delay  and  the  expense  connected  with  this  transac- 
tion tend  to  discourage  the  importation  of  American  products. 


280     INTEBNATIONAL   BTJREAU   OF   THE   AMEBIGAN   BEFUBLIGS* 

MAIL   FACILITIES. 

''In  view  of  the  perseverance  with  which  the  American  has 
learned  to  dominate  his  own  country,  it  seems  odd  that  he  should 
be  daunted  by  the  slowness  of  communication  between  the  two  con- 
tinents, by  the  irregularities  of  transportation  along  the  coasts  of 
South  America,  to  say  nothing  of  the  situation  in  many  regions  of 
the  interior,  and  by  the  dilatory  methods  of  doing  business  not  infre- 
quently encountered  among  South  Americans,  although  this  charac- 
teristic varies  considerably  in  one  country  and  another,  and  even  in 
parts  of  the  same  country.  Describing  some  of  these  sources  of  dis- 
couragement it  may  be  said  that,  to  begin  with,  while  the  mail  service 
between  the  United  States  and  the  east  coast  of  South  America  by 
way  of  Europe  is  fairly  good,  that  between  this  coimtry  and  the  west 
coast  of  the  continent  is  very  bad.  Seven  weeks  are  sometimes 
required  for  a  letter  from  New  York  to  reach  Valparaiso.  Should  a 
steamer  be  detained  in  port  the  mail  is  seldom  transshipped.  The 
result  is  that  of  two  letters  the  one  last  sent  may  be  the  first  to 
arrive.  Passengers  and  freight  carried  along  the  west  coast  often 
fare  no  better.  The  rates  of  transportation  for  the  same  distance  are 
apt  to  vary  from  time  to  time.  Cattle  and  cargo  may  be  waited  for 
days  together  at  some  insignificant  group  of  wooden  shacks  perched 
on  a  barren  hillside,  while  in  the  absence  of  a  harbor  the  vessel  rolls 
around  in  the  ocean.  Not  only  is  the  speed  of  the  west  coast  steam- 
ers exceedingly  slow,  but  irksome  delays  frequently  arise  from  the 
failure  of  the  captain  or  the  medical  oflicer  of  a  port  to  pay  his  usual 
visit  until  it  suits  him  to  do  so.  Strikes  of  freight  handlers,  too,  are 
not  uncommon,  and  the  accumulation  of  perishable  merchandise  on 
wharves  and  shore  fronts  is  likely  to  be  the  consequence.  In  this 
case  commission  merchants  and  other  persons  interested  in  the  com- 
modities are  accustomed  to  insert  notices  in  the  newspapers  to  the 
effect  that,  so  long  as  the  process  of  accumulation  continues,  they 
will  not  hold  themselves  responsible  for  loss  or  injury  to  the  mer- 
chandise in  question. 

CUSTOMS    DITTIES    AND   CHARGES. 

*^Many  customs  and  regulations,  moreover,  bearing  upon  the- 
actual  introduction  of  goods  into  a  South  American  country  have  to 
be  learned  by  the  exporter,  often  at  the  cost  of  an  unpleasant  experi- 
ence. In  the  first  place  he  has  to  remember  that  special  import 
duties  are  sometimes  levied  on  certain  articles,  although  such  duties 
may  not  be  mentioned  under  the  heading  of  the  articles  themselves 
in  the  customs  law  or  in  the  official  schedule.  They  simply  must  be 
ascertained  from  other  sources  of  information  Unusual  care  has  to 
be  exercised  in  the  choice  of  a  custom-house  broker  and  forwarding 


OOlOaEBCIAL  BELATIONS   OF  THE  U.   3.  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA.      281 

agent  Charges  for  storage,  for  discharging  the  cargo  from  the  ship, 
for  placing  it  on  shore  or  on  the  docks,  for  the  use  of  the  winch,  the 
crane,  and  the  docks,  for  pilotage,  for  carting  or  otherwise  transport- 
ing goods  from  the  shore  or  the  dock  to  the  custom-house,  and  for 
chemical  analyses  of  food  products,  liquors,  drugs,  and  the  like,  as  well 
as  for  proper  measures  of  precaution  against  theft  or  injury  of  any  sort, 
must  all  be  taken  into  account,  with  special  reference  to  the  practices 
peculiar  to  the  country  in  question.  Some  commodities,  like  oil  and 
its  products,  lumber,  machinery,  and  agricultural  implements,  which 
may  be  imported  regularly  and  in  large  quantities,  are  not  so  subject 
to  the  delays  and  hazards  that  may  befall  other  kinds  of  merchandise. 
These  articles  are  often  given  direct  dispatch  to  the  importer,  and  the 
duties,  if  any,  are  paid  without  the  necessity  of  having  the  goods  pass 
through  the  formalities  of  the  custom-house.  Yet  even  in  this  case 
no  fixed  rule  seems  to  prevail.  Much  depends  upon  the  arrangement 
that  the  custom-house  broker  may  be  able  to  make  with  the  custom- 
house officials. 

AGENTS    ON    CIRCUIT. 

"  For  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  nature  of  such  local  regulations 
and  customs  not  only,  but  of  studying  the  local  conditions  and  needs 
as  well,  American  business  agents  should  be  sent  out  on  a  circuit  of  the 
South  American  States.  In  addition  to  the  powers  of  practical  ob- 
servation and  description  which  might  properly  be  assumed  of  them 
from  the  start,  the  agents  in  question  should  possess  so  fluent  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  languages  spoken  there  as  would  enable  them  to  dispense 
altogether  with  the  dubious  services  of  interpreters,  and  should  carry 
with  them  all  the  necessary  literature  printed  in  the  language  of  the 
coimtry  in  which  they  might  happen  to  be.  They  should  display, 
also,  a  readiness  of  adaptation  to  South  American  habits  and  tem- 
perament, and  a  corresponding  ability,  besides,  to  subordinate  for  the 
nonce  the  provincial  American  sense  of  superiority.  If  the  expense  of 
maintaining  these  agents  would  be  too  great  for  any  individual  con- 
cern to  imdergo,  it  might  be  borne  by  a  combination  of  business  estab- 
lishments that  would  agree  to  confide  the  sale  of  their  goods  to  such 
agents  in  common. 

AN    EXPORTING    SYNDICATE. 

"As  an  extension  of  this  idea  it  might  be  well  for  American  export- 
ers interested  in  the  trade  with  South  America  to  create  a  sort  of  syn- 
dicate for  the  general  operations  of  sale  in  any  particular  country  or 
coimtries.  They  might  establish  there  a  central  agency  and  ware- 
house in  which  samples  of  their  goods  could  be  displayed,  and  their 
circulars,  catalogues,  and  other  means  of  affording  technical  informa- 
tion could  be  used  to  advantage.  Should  any  native  enterprise, 
furthermore,  carry  on  a  permanent  exposition  of  industrial  products 
in  their  various  stages  of  manufacture,  the  American  houses  doing 


282      INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

business  in  the  country  should  come  into  immediate  connection  with 
it,  either  through  their  agents,  or  through  a  dispatch  of  the  proper 
information  about  their  own  lines  of  goods.  In  any  case,  whether  the 
American  merchants  act  jointly  or  individually  in  their  pursuit  of 
trade  with  South  America,  they  should  keep  a  reasonably  If  -^e  stock 
of  goods,  including  the  articles  necessary  for  repair  and  replacement, 
in  the  country  itself,  both  for  sale  and  for  exhibit.  These  goods  should 
be  placed  in  charge,  preferably,  of  a  direct  agency  or  branch  of  the  main 
business,  or  put  into  the  hands  of  capable  and  trustworthy  native 
agents. 

CONTRACTS. 

"  The  delays  incident  to  the  actual  shipment  of  commodities  ordered 
through  the  head  oJ05ce  in  the  United  States  directly,  and  not  through 
the  medium  of  responsible  agents  in  the  localities  concerned,  might  be 
removed  by  a  gradual  extension  of  the  American  contract  system, 
wliich  seems  to  have  but  a  slight  foothold  as  yet  in  the  countries  of 
South  America.  This  would  involve,  first  of  all,  the  drawing  up  of  a 
form  of  agreement  between  the  purchaser  and  the  agent,  which  the 
former  may  sign  or  not,  as  he  chooses,  but  which  the  latter  is  to  sign 
and  transmit  to  the  main  oJ05ce,  giving  to  the  purchaser  at  the  same 
time  a  copy  of  the  agreement.  Then  would  come  what  are  technically 
known  as  ^order  contracts,'  and  finally  the  contracts  proper.  By  de- 
grees, also,  it  may  readily  become  possible  to  block  the  country  out 
geographically.  Under  this  arrangement  each  agent  would  be  en- 
abled to  enter  into  contracts  directly  within  the  specific  area  assigned 
him,  final  approval  only  being  reserved  to  the  head  office  in  the  United 
States. 

CREDIT. 

*'The  requirement  of  many  American  business  concerns  that  the 
goods  exported  must  be  paid  for  in  advance  or  immediately  on  deliver^' 
does  not  suit  South  American  buyers.  They  demand  credit  for 
lengths  of  time  wliich  in  turn  arc  not  satisfactory^  to  the  American 
dealer.  In  cases  where  the  American  is  willing  to  grant  credit  at  all, 
the  period  allowed  rarely,  if  ever,  extends  beyond  ninety  days,  instead 
of  six  months,  which  seems  to  be  commonly  the  period  desired.  And 
right  here  it  should  be  stated  emphatically  that,  if  the  American 
exporter,  ere  he  sends  his  goods  forth,  would  take  the  trouble  to  ascer- 
tain, through  the  local  banks  or  other  sources  of  reliable  information, 
tlie  business  and  financial  responsibihty  of  his  customers  in  South 
aVmorica,  precisely  as  he  does  at  home,  he  would  confine  his  dealings 
to  reputable  firms  or  individuals,  and  there  would  be  fewer  complaints 
about  inability  to  collect. 

^'Whenever  so  desired,  either  credit  in  the  ordinary  sense, or  pay- 
ments on  the  instalment  plan  should  be  granted  to  responsible  parties. 
Ill  its  most  iiberal  form  the  extension  of  credit  would  invcJve  the 


r 


SOUTH    AMERICA    A»    A    FIELD    FOH    RESEARCH.  283 

payment  of  a  certain  amount  down  and  of  the  remaining  sum  due  on 
the  purchase  in  terms  ranging  from  thirty  days  to  six  months,  with 
the  usual  allowance  of  discounts  from  catalogue  rates,  and  with  the 
interest  deducted  if  the  principal  be  paid  at  the  beginning,  instead  of 
at  the  expiration,  of  the  term  of  days  or  months. 

''The  plan,  also,  of  providing  for  the  payment  of  a  small  fraction  of 
the  purchase  price  down,  and  of  permitting  the  purchaser  forthwith 
to  enjoy  the  use  of  the  article  bought,  subject  to  the  payment  of 
periodical  instalments  extending  over  a  year  or  more,  while  the  legal 
ownership  continues  in  the  seller  until  the  last  instalment  has  been 
met,  would  be  successful,  in  my  opinion,  if  widely  introduced  into 
South  America.  The  few  experiments  made  with  it  thus  far  show 
it  to  be  exceedingly  popular.'' 


THE     POSSIBILITIES     OF     SOUTH    AMERICAN 

HISTORY  AND   POLITICS  AS  A  FIELD 

FOR  RESEARCH. 

The  following  valuable  paper  was  read  before  the  Arnerican  Poliiiml  Science 
AM9oeiation  at  its  annual  meeting,  Dec.  28,  1907,  by  Dr.  IIiram  Bingham  of  Yale 
Univereity,  and  is  published  l)y  the  Bureau  as  in  aceorduiue  with  hs  present  policy 
of  advancing  the  mutual  literary  interests  of  North  and  South  Anieriou. 

It  is  obviously  for  the  best  interests  of  the  American  people  to  cul- 
tivate a  warm  friendship  \\ath  the  Southern  Republics,  not  only  in 
the  pursuit  of  commerce,  but  more  particularly  for  the  sake  of  inter- 
national comity.  Now  an  international  friendship,  in  order  to  be 
permanent,  must  rest  on  a  basis  of  intelligent  appreciation.  And  to 
secure  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  vSoiith  America,  we  need  to  have 
in  English  many  more  trustworthy  books  on  her  historj"  and  politics. 
When  the  student  of  history  and  politics  first  begins  to  realize  the 
need  for  such  books  he  maj'  naturally  ask  whether  it  is  possi])le  with 
the  available  resources  to  begin  the  production  of  scholarly  works. 
Is  the  field  ready  for  the  worker?  It  is  the  aim  of  this  paper  to 
answer  these  questions,  and  to  indicate  rouglily  some  of  the  work 
that  needs  to  be  done,  the  material  there  is  to  do  it  witli,  and  where 
it  may  be  undertaken  most  advantageously.  No  one  realizes  better 
than  the  writer  the  many  shortcomings  that  nuist  necessarily  api)ear 
in  attempting  to  do  this.  At  best  this  paj>er  can  only  be  a  guidepost, 
a  mere  indication  of  a  few  ol  the  possi])ilities. 

What  is  presented  here  is  ])ase<l  im  a  card  catalogue  of  South  Amer- 
icana, on  which  the  writer  has  ])een  engaged  at  intervals  for  some 
.seven  years.  It  is  now  accessil)le  for  use  in  the  Yale  Libraiy,  and 
although  very  far  from  approaching  completion  it  contains  about 
25.000  cards  and  is  conlinuallv  irrowini;.     It  contains  cards  for  the 


284     INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

South  American  collections  in  the  Harvard  Library,  the  Library  of 
Congress,  the  Princeton  Library,  and  the  Yale  Library,  and  many 
cards  for  books  not  at  present  known  to  be  available.*  It  is 
our  hope  to  make  it  a  subject  catalogue  for  all  material  relating 
to  Spanish- American  history,  poHtics,  and  geography,  and  so  far  as 
possible  it  will  give  the  whereabouts  of  at  least  one  copy  of  each  book. 

The  most  striking  fact  that  results  from  a  study  of  this  catalogue 
is  the  scarcity  of  trustworthy,  comprehensive  works  in  English  and 
of  scholarly  monographs  in  any  language.  There  are,  to  be  sure, 
many  recent  books  in  Spanish  which  are  satisfactory  from  the  point 
of  view  of  some  Spanish  historians.  When  one  realizes,  however,  that 
it  was  possible  for  an  eminent  military  historian  to  spend  all  his  life 
within  20  miles  of  the  greatest  battlefield  in  his  country,  and  never 
see  it  except  once  as  he  was  riding  by  (a  battlefield,  I  may  remark  in 
passing,  that  offers  unusual  difficulties  to  the  historical  student), 
one  gets  some  idea  of  the  shortcomings  of  some  of  these  works. 

It  is  fair  to  say,  without  prejudice,  that  the  number  of  trained 
scholarly  writers  on  South  American  history  and  poHtics  is  extremely 
small.  Notwithstanding  the  great  amount  of  material  and  the  hun- 
dreds of  books  that  relate  to  these  subjects,  the  need  for  the  products 
of  careful  research  is  very  great;  which  seems  to  indicate  that  the 
possibilities  of  these  subjects  as  a  field  for  research  have  been  inade- 
quately appreciated  by  American  scholars. 

One  does  not  always  remember  that  the  first  Spanish  settlements  in 
South  America  antedated  the  first  English  settlements  in  North 
America  by  nearly  a  hundred  years,  and  that  when  the  Pilgrims 
landed  at  Plymouth  there  were  already  cities  in  South  America  that 
could  boast  of  a  longer  history  than  Chicago  can  to-day.  It  may  be 
useful  in  helping  to  realize  the  age  of  the  civilization  of  Spanish 
America  to  turn  for  a  moment  to  one  feature  of  it,  viz.,  the  history  of 
education  in  South  America.  When  Harvard,  oiu*  oldest  university', 
was  only  an  idea  in  the  minds  of  a  few  English  colonists,  the  University 
of  San  Marcos  in  Peru  was  a  well-established  institution  already 
older  than  Cornell  is  to-day.  When  Cornell  celebrates  her  hun- 
dredth anniversary,  the  University  of  San  Marcos,  still  flourishing, 
will  be  getting  ready  to  celebrate  her  four  hundredth.  When  Yale 
was  founded,  this  ancient  University  of  Lima  was  already  one  hundred 
and  thirty-one  years  old,  or  about  the  same  age  that  Colombia  is 
to-day. 

Not  only  is  the  history  of  South  America  longer  than  ours  and  abh^ 
to  ()ff(T  the  advantages  of  a  greater  period  of  study,  it  also  oflfers  a 
greater  variety.     In  both  North  and  South  America  there  are  periods 


«  (\\nU  for  l>(M)ks  in  th<*  John  Crcrar  and  the  Newberry  librarice  of  Chicago  and  ihe 
Co}umhu8  Memorial  Library  are  about  to  be  added. 


SOUTH   AMERICA    AS    A    FIELD   FOB   RESEARCH.  285 

of  discovery,  colonization,  growth  of  colonial  institutions,  develop- 
ment of  individual  colonies,  Indian  wars,  revolutionary  wars  against 
the  mother  country,  growth  and  development  of  individual  states, 
civil  war,  constitutional  and  legal  development,  and  commercial 
prosperity  and  depression.  While  some  of  these  may  not  offer 
quite  as  much  dramatic  interest  in  South  America  as  in  North 
America,  still  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  anywhere  more  absorbing 
subjects  for  study  and  research  than  the  lives  of  the  Spanish  con- 
quistadores,  or  the  campaigns  of  the  Wars  of  Emancipation,  or  the 
evolution  of  a  practical  polity  in  the  XlXth  century. 

The  story  of  constitutional  development  offers  a  very  attractive 
field.  The  attempt  to  take  political  institutions,  which  we  inherited 
as  the  natural  result  of  centuries  of  Teutonic  racial  development,  and 
to  graft  these  on  to  institutions  with  an  extremely  different  ancestry, 
offers  as  many  different  aspects  as  there  are  Republics  in  South 
America,  and  must  always  be  full  of  interest  to  the  student  of  political 
science.  So  far  as  variety  is  concerned,  it  is  difficult  to  compete 
with  the  rapid  succession  of  diverse  political  forms  which  one  finds 
in  the  Southern  Republics. 

Possibly  the  most  attractive  feature  of  South  American  history 
and  politics  as  a  field  for  research  is  the  opportimity  it  presents  to 
work  in  claims  not  already  staked  out  or  where  the  richest  ore  has 
not  already  been  exhausted.  There  are  innumerable  problems  yet 
to  be  solved,  and  the  various  political,  administrative,  and  eco- 
nomic institutions  offer  a  splendid  opportunity  for  original  investiga- 
tion. As  a  matfer  of  fact,  there  are  so  many  opportunities  for  work 
on  subjects  that  have  been  scarcely  touched  by  properly  trained  in- 
vestigators that  one  scarcely  knows  what  to  mention  and  what  to 
leave  out. 

A  few  years  ago  it  might  have  been  replied  with  truth  that,  grant- 
ing this  splendid  opportunity,  the  chance  of  getting  anyone  to  read, 
much  less  to  purchase,  what  one  might  publish  as  the  fruit  of  such 
research  was  too  slight  to  justify  the  risk.  I  believe  that  that  is  no 
longer  the  case.  It  is  almost  trite  to  speak  of  Secretary  Root's 
visit  to  South  America.  Yet  it  is  astonishing  how  much  more  in- 
terest the  man-in-the-street  takes  in  South  American  affairs  than  he 
did  before  the  Secretary's  visit  brought  South  America  vividly  before 
his  mind.  Instances  might  be  multiplied.  This  is  hardly  the  place, 
however,  to  be  obliged  to  demonstrate  the  increased  interest  in  Latin- 
American  affairs  among  educated  people,  for  this  very  conference  is, 
or  ought  to  be,  a  sufficient  answer  in  itself.^ 

a  An  idea  of  the  amount  of  material  that  awaits  the  sperialist  may  be  gathered  from 
these  few  bibliographies: 

BxbUoteca  HiBpano- Americana  1493-1810,   by  J.  T.  Medina.     Santiago:  1898-1902. 


286     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS. 

The  greatest  need  at  the  present  moment  is  for  a  comprehensive 
book  to  cover  both  the  institutional  and  narrative  history  of  the 
period  between  the  Conquest  and  the  Wars  of  Emancipation,  roughly 
a  period  of  250  years  from  1560  to  1810.  Before  such  a  compre- 
hensive work  can  be  written,  however,  a  large  number  of  mono- 
graphs must  be  undertaken  on  various  features  of  the  period.  Of 
course  there  are  histories  of  individual  countries  which  are  available 
for  filling  up  parts  of  the  picture,  but  they  leave  much  to  be  desired, 

6  vols.  (Harvard.)  Indispensable  in  its  particular  field.  Gives  a  vast  amount  of 
information  regarding  the  literature  of  the  colonial  period. 

Estudios  i  Catdlogo  Completo  i  Razonado  de  la  Biblioteca  Americana  ColeccUmada  par 
el  Sr.  Gregorio  Beeche,  by  B.  Vicufia  Mackenna.    Valparaiso:  1879.    (Yale.) 

Catdlogo  de  la  Biblioteca  de  la  Universidad  de  Caracas  Fannado  de  Orden  del  Ilustre 
Americano  J  Regenerador  y  Presidente  de  los  Estadosde  Venezuela  General  Gtizman  Blanco. 
Caracas:  1875.  (Yale.)  Contains  about  1,000  titles  which  relate  to  the  political 
science  and  history  of  America. 

Catdlogo  de  las  obras  hispano-americanas  existentes  en  la  Biblioteca  Nadonal  de  Bogotd^ 
1897.    1  vol.     (Yale.) 

There  have  been  compiled  for  the  Pan-American  Bureau  a  few  partial  bibliographies 
of  some  of  the  South  American  Republics  which  contain  references  not  only  to  books 
but  also  to  magazine  articles  and  maps. 

Catalogue  of  books^  pamphlets,  periodicals  and  maps  relating  to  the  Republic  of  Bolivia 
in  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library.    Washington,  1905.     (Yale.) 

A  list  of  books y  magazine  articles  and  maps  relating  to  Paraguay.  Books  1638-1 90S. 
Maps  1599-1903.    Prepared  by  Jos^  Segundo  Decoud,  Washington,  1904.     (Yale.) 

A  list  of  bookSy  magazine  articles  and  maps  relating  to  Chile,  prepared  by  P.  Lee 
Phillips,  Washington,  1903.     (Yale.) 

A  list  of  books,  magazine  articles,  and  maps  relating  to  Brazil,  prepared  by  P.  Loe 
Phillips,  Washington,  1901.     (Yale.) 

Of  those  that  relate  to  special  parts  of  the  continent  there  are  quite  a  number: 

Anuario  bibliogrdfico  de  la  Republica  Argentina  (Criticxis  notidas,  Catdlogo)  .  .  . 
Director  A.  Navarro  Viola,  1879-87.     Buenos  Aires,  1880-88.     (Newberry.) 

Biblioteca  Boliviana.  Catdlogo  de  la  secddn  de  libros  ifolletos  (por  G.  Rene-Moreno K 
Santiago  de  Cliile:  1879. 

Catdlogo  de  la  Biblioteca  Chilejio- Americana  de  Don  Ramon  Briseno,  ex-director  de  la 
Biblioteca  nadonal  de  Santiago.     Santiago  de  Chile:  1889. 

Catalogue  des  livres  imprimes  et  manuscrits  composant  la  bibliothkque  de  M.  A.  Chau- 
viette  Dcs  Fosses,  ex-consul  general  de  la  France  au  Perou.  Paris:  1842.  2,079  tith>5. 
chiefly  Peruviana. 

Biblioteca  Peruana.  Apuntcs  para  un  Catdlogo  de  Impresos.  I.  Libros  y  Folletos 
Prruanos  de  la  Biblioteca  del  Instituto  Nadonal.  II.  Libros  y  Folletos  Peruanos  de  la 
Biblioteca  Nadonal  y  Notas  Bibliogrdficas.  Santiago:  1896.  (Yale.)  An  excellent 
bibliograpliiral  aid. 

Anuario  de  la  Prensa  Chilena  publicado  por  la  Biblioteca  Nadonal.  Santiago  de 
Chile:  1891-.  In  progress.  (Newberr>'  Lib.)  An  excellent  work.  Gives  not  only 
l)(M>ks  printed  in  Chile  but  also  those  by  Chile4in  authors  and  those  about  Chile  printed 
abro-ad. 

Annaes  da  Ln prensa  Nadonal  do  Rio  de  Janeiro  de  lS08-18J2y  by  Alfredo  do  Valle 
Cabrol.     Uio  de  Janeiro:  1881.     (Newberry  Lib.)     Important. 

Auiuus  da  Bibliothca  Nadonal  .  .  .  publicados sobadirec^ao  do  .  .  .  B.  F.  Ramii 
Galvao.     Rio  de  Janeiro:  1870,  etc.     In  progress.     i^IIarvard.) 

Catdlogo  da  ExpoaiqCio  Pvrmancnte  dos  Cimdios  da  Bibliotheca  Nadonal  Publicado 
sob  a  dincgao  do  Bibliothccario  Jodo  de  Saldanhu  daGaiua.    Rio  de  Janeiro:  1886.    (Yale.) 


SOUTH   AXBBIOA    AS   A   FIELD   FOB   BESBAROH.  287 

and  in  many  cases  the  most  that  one  gets  is  a  wearisome  amount  of 
undigested  detail. 

For  meeting  this  need  the  largest  amount  of  manuscript  source 
material  is  in  Spain.  Professor  Shepherd's  recently  published 
'^  Guide  to  the  Materials  for  the  History  of  the  United  States  in  Spanish 
Archives''  *  gives  an  excellent  idea  of  the  nature  of  these  archives 
and  their  richness  for  part  of  North  America.  It  goes  without  saying 
that  they  contain  far  more  that  is  concerned  with  South  America 
than  with  the  United  States. 

There  is  also  a  large  amount  in  London,  Paris,''  and  in  some  of  the 
South  American  cities,  particularly  Rio  de  Janeiro.*^ 

And  there  are  in  this  country  quite  a  number  of  manuscripts  relat- 
ing to  the  colonial  period. 

The  New  York  Public  Library  has  the  largest  collection  and  it  has 
been  partly  catalogued.** 

^  Guide  to  the  Materials  for  the  History  of  the  United  States  in  Spanish  Archives  (Siman- 
casy  the  ArckiiH)  Historico  Nacumaly  and  Seville),  by  William  R.  Shepherd.  Washing- 
ton: 1907.  Mention  is  made  of  sources  bearing  on  our  early  relations  with  South 
America  on  pp.  23,  46-51,  70-71. 

*The  Catdlogo  Razonado  de  los  Manuscritos  Espafloles  Existentes  en  la  Bihlioteca 
Real  de  Paris  Seguido  de  un  Suplemento  qiie  Contiene  los  de  las  Otras  Tres  Bibliotecas 
Publicas  (del  Arsenal y  de  Santa  Genoveva  y  Mazarina)  por  Eugenio  de  Ochoa,  Paris: 
1844  (Yale)  mentions  a  few  manuscripts  in  Paris  that  relate  to  Spanish  America.  Vid , , 
pp.  76,  81,  84,  86,  139,  147,  188,  633,  639,  640. 

See  also  Bibliothique  Nationale,  Department  des  ManiiscritSy  Catalogue  des  Manu- 
scrits  Espagnols  et  des  Manuscrits  Portugais  par  M.  Alfred  Morel-Fatio.  Paris:  1892. 
(Yale.) 

^Annaes  da  Bibliotheca  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Publimdos  sob  a  Dirccqao  do 
BibUothecario  Dr.  F.  L,  Bittencourt  Sampaio.  vols,  iv,  v,  x,  xx.  Rio  de  Janeiro: 
1878-1892.  Contain  a  Catalogo  dos  Manuscriptos  da  Biblioteca  Nadonal,  Parte  Pri- 
nuira,  Manuscriptos  Relativos  do  Brazil.  (Ilarvard.)  The  collection  is  very  compre- 
hensive. Its  nucleus  dates  from  the  hegira  of  the  king  of  Portugal  to  Brazil  in  1807 , 
and  the  papers  he  brought  with  him.  In  the  printed  calendar,  evidently  still  incom- 
plete, there  are  about  8,000  documents  covering  the  seventy-five  years,  from  1650  to 
1725. 

For  MSS.  in  Santiago,  Chile,  see  Catalogo  de  los  manuscritos  relativos  a  los  antiguos 
Jesuitas  de  Chile  que  se  custodian  en  la  Biblioteca  nacional.     Santiago  de  Chile:  1891. 

dThe  Rich  collection  in  the  Lenox  Branch  contains  a  veritable  treasure-house  <>f 
manuscript  source  material.  There  are  142  volumes  of  manuscripts  n^latinjjf  to  Spanish 
America.  They  comprise  much  that  was  collected  by  Mufioz  for  his  Ilistoria  del  yuevo 
Mundo,  and  wasobtained  by  Obadiah  Rich  from  M.  Terxaux  Compans,  together  with 
many  other  manuscripts  on  Spanish  America  that  the  latter  had  collected.  Notice  of 
the  important  single  volumes  and  the  particular  groups  of  i)apers  will  ])e  found  in  tlie 
Bulletin  of  the  New  YorTc  Public  Library  for  July,  1901 .  A  larjre  part  are  transcripts,  Imt 
there  are  many  originals.  There  are,  besides  the  Rich  collection,  more  than  40  otlier 
volumes  and  groups  of  papers  relating  to  Spanish  America. 

According  to  the  printed  list,  03  volumes  and  gr(»ups  of  pai)ers  relate  si)ecifically  to 
8outh  America. 

Among  those  not  in  the  printed  list  ar(>: 

Relacion  de  todo  lo  que  sucedio  en  la  Jornada  de  Amagua  y  Dorado,  quefne  a  descvbrir  el 


288      INTERNATIONAL  BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAJSr  BEPUBLICS. 

The  Library  pf  Congress  has  a  goodly  number  which  partly  supple- 
ment the  Lenox  collection.  ^ 


Gobemador  Pedro  de  Urstia  con  poderes  .  .  .  etc.,  by  Francisco  Vazquez.  Transcript 
from  a  volume  of  papers  in  the  library  of  the  Cathedral  of  Seville,  1784. 

Reladon  instructiva  del  origen  y  conclusion  del  Tratado  de  Limites.  Serie  de  todos  los 
incidentes  que  occurieron  y  que  dificulteron  mi  execudon  .  .  .  (including  letters  by 
Ricardo  Wall,  dated  1760.     Transcript  (?)  18th  century.    41 11. 

Descripcion  y  estado  del  virreinato  de  SarUa  Fee,  Nuevo  Reino  de  Granada,  y  reladon  del 
goviemo  y  mando  de  D.  Pedro  Mesia  de  la  Cerda  Marques  de  la  Vega  de  Aran  jo  1772,  by 
Francisco  Antonio  Moreno  y  Escaudon.  Transcript  (?).  107  11.  Two  copies,  in  good 
condition;  rather  blind  hand ;  second  copy  more  legible. 

Reladon  hecha  a  Su  Magd.  del  descubrimiento  y  conquista  del  Nuevo  Reyno  de  Granada 
que  hizo  el  Licendado  Gonzalo  Ximenez  .  .  .  desde  el6  de  Apr  de  15S0,  by  Juan  de  San 
Martin  and  Antonio  de  Labrija.     14  11.     Transcript  (18th  centur>;).     Fine,  clear  MS. 

Reladon  que  escribio  Fr.  Gaspar  de  Carvajal  del  suceso  del  nuevo  descubrimiento  del  for- 
mo8o  rio  grande  (Amazon)  que  descubrio  por  mui  gran  ventura  el  capitan  Francisco  de 
Orellano.     (1542  cir.)     Transcript  (1780).     51 11. 

Extracto  stidnto  de  los  asuntos  .  .  .  exped  ,  .  .  dela  colonia  del  Sacramento  (R.  d.  P.) 
18th  century.     67  11. 

Papers  relating  to  the  exploration  of  Yenezuela,  etc.  1528-1549.  In  Spanish.  Tran- 
scripts from  the  archives  of  Simancas  and  Seville.    39 11.    fol. 

aAmong  them  are — 

Decrees  and  regulations  issued  by  the  Spanish  Grovemment.  Petitions,  18th  cen- 
tury.   (About  92  .pieces.) 

Spanish  copies  of  original  documents  of  accounts  of  voyages,  etc.,  of  16th  and  17th 
centuries  (9  pieces). 

(■opies  of  papers  relating  to  the  history  of  Spanish  colonies  in  South  America,  includ- 
ing royal  letters  to  Gonzalo  Fernandez  de  Oviedo,  with  papers  concerning  the  Asiento 
and  administration  of  royal  estates  in  Chili  (about  25  pieces). 

Copies  of  letters  relating  to  exploration  and  settlement  of  Mexico  and  South  Amer- 
ica, with  instructions  concerning  Balboa,  Cortez,  letters  from  Mexican  bishops,  and 
dt'HiTiptioiis  of  routes  to  the  Philippines  (10  pieces). 

lit'lacion  diario  dd  viage  que  se  ha  echo  a  las  costas  de  el  estrecho  de  Magellanes  en  el  reced 
df  t'tumigos  de  Kuropa,  by  Antonio  de  Vea.     1676.     1  vol.     4*». 

luliwion  llistoncd  gcograjica  dd  nuevo  partido  de  Caupolican  y  Mission  de  Apolo- 
bamhd.      1809.      I  vol.     fol. 

Ihicuinentos  c(m<J  se  yjistruye  la  Segunda  cuenta  de  Receptona  gral,  de  Realfisco  dada  p 
/>/j.  J  ph.  Franco,  de  Morales  comprehensiva  desde  primero  de  Enero  de  1760  hasta  31  de 
AgiKstn  de  1764-     1vol.     fol. 

Uistonn  6  Xaracion  de.  his  cosas  succedidas  en  este  colleges  del  cuzco  cabeza  destos  Reynos, 
del  Pent  desde  s\t  fundanon  hasta  oy  Primero  de  Naviembre  dia  de  todos  sanctos  Ano  de 
J 000,  by  Antonio  di*  Vega.     IGOO.     1  vol.     fol. 

Coleccion  de  notos  crtractos  Ytenerarios,  dcrrotcros  y  papeles  sacados  la  mayor  parte  de 
I'  Ofiia  Polition,  ecleseastica  y  milita  del  Mrreynato  del  Peru.  By  Joseph  Ilipttlito. 
n.  d.     Collected  ])y  David  Barry. 

Mint  rales  dd  Peru.  Tractado  sobre  d  viodo  de  laborear  la  Mina  en  el  Peru  y  la  utilidad 
qm.  serxira  h  la  RL  Ilazda.  su  extabledmiento,  ano  de  1784.     (Contains  also:  El  cero  de 


SOUTH   AMEBIOA    AS   A   FIELD   FOR   BE8EAB0H,  289 

The  Harvard  Library  has  a  few  that  relate  to  this  period.* 
In  the  TiCKNOE  collection  in  the  Boston  Public  Library  there  is  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  manuscripts,  relating  mostly  to  the 
politics,  finance,  and  commerce  of  Chile  and  Peru,  1737-98.  Of  the 
45  manuscripts,  33  relate  to  the  colonial  history  of  Chile  and  12  to 
that  of  Peru.*^ 

Yale  has.  a  few  for  this  period.*' 

Gualgayoc  con  Ricas  Pobres  vetaa  de  Plata  descuvierto  en  la  Provinda  de  Caxamarca,  with 
several  MS.  maps.)    1784.     1  vol.    4^. 

Rapports  van  Brazil.    1636-44.     (Relatingmainly  to  the  Dutch  trade.)    1vol.    fol. 

Resolution  Raeckende  Brazil  beginiLehlmet  den  Yaere  1649  eijndingih  mettneiijare  daeracn 
vosgende.     1649.     1vol.    fol. 

Miscellaneous  Dutch  manuscripts  relating  to  the  West  Indies  Company,  Portugal, 
Brazil,  etc.     1649-55? 

«  Relacion  de  la  celebre,  quarUo  festivaha  talla  de  los  Borhones,  que  dispuso^  y  executd  el 
gottmador  de  la  dudad  de  Caracas  D.  Joseph  Solans  en  las  cercanias  de  dicha  dudad,  etc. 
[1766.]    A  neatly  written  MS.  of  18  pages. 

Iriformagao  sobre  as  minas  de  S.  Paulo  a  dos  certocTis  da  sua  capitania  desde  o  anno  de 
1597  aU  0  prezente  de  1772  com  relacao  chronologica  dos  administradores  deltas  regimenos,  e 
jurisdicgao,  a  elles  confenday  d  qual  ficou  rezidtndo  nos  govemadores,  e  capitaens  generaes 
da  mesma  capitania. 

The  catalogue  attributes  this  to  P.  S.  de  Almeida  Baes  Leme.  It  is  a  memorial  (?) 
of  252  pages. 

ft  Catalogue  of  the  Spanish  Library  and  of  the  Portuguese  Boohs  Bequeathed  by  George 
Ticknor  to  the  Boston  Public  Library  together  with  the  Collection  of  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese Literature  in  the  General  Library  by  James  Lyman  Whitney.  Boston:  1879. 
(Yale.) 

cLibro  de  CedulaSj  Autos  acordadoSy  y  otros  InstruvnJ^  pertenecientes  d  los  IndioSy 
Anos  de  1760-1769.  Two  folio  volumes  of  about  200  and  225  11.  respectively.  In  good 
condition.  These  documents  relate  to  the  civil  and*  religious  affairs  of  Spanish 
America,  mainly  Peru,  in  the  18th  century.  There  is  a  brief  table  of  contents  at  the 
end. 

Nuevo  Gazofilacio  real  de  el  Peru.  Ano  de  1774.  A  folio  volume  containing  130  11. 
In  good  condition,  written  in  a  clear  hand. 

Relation  que  hace  el  E^"^.  Seflor  Don  Theodoro  de  Croix,  Virrey  qiiefue  de  eslos  Rnos, 
del  Peru  y  Chile  a  su  sucesor  .  .  .  desde  4-  de  Abril  de  1784  hasta  25.  de  Marzo  de  1790^ 
by  F.  de  Croix.  A  folio  volume  of  about  300  11.,  including  large  folding  tables.  In 
good  condition. 

Memorias  antiguas  kistoriales  del  PerUy  seguidas  de  los  Anales  del  mismo  Regno,  by 
F.  Montesinos.  A  folio  volume  of  589  pp.  In  good  condition.  Written  in  a  clear 
hand. 

RelaciSn  del  gobiemo  del  Peru  .  .  .  hecha  a  su  sucesor  en  el  mando,  en  Noire  de  1689, 
by  M.  de  Navarra  y  Rocaful,  duque  de  la  Palata.  A  folio  of  269  11.  In  good  condi- 
tion.   Written  in  a  clear  Spanish  hand.    There  is  a  brief  table  of  contents  at  the  end. 

Grandezaa  de  Indias.  Estado  eclesidstico,  politico  y  civil  de  ellas,  escrito  por  Don 
Gabriel  de  VUlaloboSy  caballero  del  hdbito  de  Santiago,  Almvrante  de  Flotas,  Marques  de 
Yarinas.  A  folio  volume  of  about  250  11.,  written  in  a  clear  hand.  This  copy  was 
made  by  a  Cuban  in  1847,  from  the  manuscript  in  the  National  Library  of  Madrid, 
which  contains  568  pages.     It  contains  a  table  of  contents  at  the  end. 

Motnarqaia  del  di€d>lOj  En  la  Gentilidad  del  Nuevo  Mxindo  Americano  derribada  y 
destruida  p6r  la  Cat*.  Monr<^  de  Espafla:  Triumfos  de  la  Religion  en  los  Dominios  con- 
quiMtados  eonla  fe,  valor,  armas  de  los  EspaHolas:  con  Refiexiones  para  coujuivdvT  o.  lo% 

29039— BuU.  2— OS i 


290      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

For  the  XlXth  century  the  number  of  South  American  manuscripts 
in  London,  both  at  the  British  Museum  and  the  Public  Record  OflBce, 
is  much  greater  than  one  would  suppose.  At  the  Record  Office,  for 
instance,  there  are  hundreds  of  volumes  of  manuscripts  relating  to 
South  American  history.  The  conditions  of  work  there  are  so 
pleasant  that  when  one  adds  the  advantages  of  the  printed  books 
in  the  British  Museum  to  the  number  of  manuscripts,  it  makes 
London  appeal  very  strongly  to  the  student  of  South  American 
affairs. 

In  South  America  itself  conditions  vary  greatly.  In  Buenos 
Aires,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  Santiago  de  Chile  one  will  find  well-equipped 
libraries  and  abundant  material.  In  most  of  the  other  places  where 
one  might  expect  a  large  body  of  material,  the  fortunes  of  war  and  the 
depredations  of  insects  and  other  destructive  agencies  have  done 
what  they  could  to  lessen  the  opportunities.  Furthermore  much 
has  been  printed. 

In  Caracas  there  is  a  large  collection  of  manuscripts  relating  to 
Bolivar  kept  very  carefully  in  the  National  Museum,  where  they 
are  opened  once  a  year  in  the  presence  of  certain  dignitaries.  It 
is  said  that  they  have  all  been  printed  in  the  well-known  collections  of 
documents  relating  to  the  wars  of  independence,  which  may  be  con- 
sulted at  several  of  our  large  libraries.** 

Apart  from  this  there  appears  to  be  Httle  manuscript  material  in 
Caracas,  and  the  National  Library  is  not  quite  as  well  equipped  for 

Anti-Catolicos  mordacea  emula  de  la  Nacidn  Espafiola  benemerita  de  todas  las  Nacidnet 
del  Orbe  en  Conquista  tan  gloriosa.  Historia  interesante  d  la  Religion^  y  Monarquia. 
Compuesta  por  D»  Antonio  Julian  Presbitero,  ex-Jesuita.  A  small  quarto  volume 
containing  274  pp.     In  good  condition. 

Estado  del  Perv,  jnedad  de  Sv  Exelencia  defensa  de  principe,  lealtad  de  la  America  al 
real  trono  de  Espana.  Defensa  del  honor  y  zelo  carUativo  del  Ilmo  Sr,  Dr.  Dn  Juan 
Manuel  de  Moscoso  y  Peralta  dig^^  obispo  del  Chisco,  by  Jose  R.  Sauaraura  Tito 
Atauchi.  Cusco:  1784.  86  pp.  folio.  Very  interesting  and  curious,  with  numeioufl 
annotations. 

In  Diciemhre  de  1712,  lAcencia  y  Pasaporte  para  emharcarse  como  soltero  y  am  motive 
justo  para  el  Reyno  de  Nueva  Espana  D^  Juan  Antonio  Martinez  Valdes  Fe  de  Bautitmo 
y  Testimonio  en  forma  autentica  de  la  legitimidad,  notoria  Ilidalguiay  y  noblcza  del 
mismo  D^  Juan  Antonio,  que  nacid  el  dia  10  de  octubre  de  1758,  en  la  Villa  de  Giidn, 
ObispadOy  de  Oviedo,  del  Principado  de  Asturias.  An  original  license  to  go  to  America, 
with  illuminated  coata  of  arms  on  vellum,     folio.     12  11. 

Nuevo  Systema  de  Gobiemo  Economico  para  la  America:  Con  las  malet,  y  dafloi  que 
le  causa  el  que  hoy  tiene,  de  los  que  participa  copiosamente  Espafia,  Y  remedioe  univer* 
sales  para  que  la  primera  tenga  considerables  vcntalas,  y  la  segunda  mayorei  ifUereteg,  A 
small  quarto  in  two  parts  of  110  and  116  11.  respectively.     In  good  condition. 

o  Mejnorias  del  general  O^Leary  publicadas  por  su  hijo,  S.  B.  O^Leary^por  orden  dd 
gobiemo  de  Venezuela  .  .  .     Caracas,  1879-82.     31  vols.     (Yale.) 

Documentos  para  la  historia  de  la  vida  publica  del  libertador  de  Colombia^  PeHL  y  BM- 
via  .  .  .  Puestos  por  orden  cronoldgico,  y  con  adiciones  y  notas  que  la  Uuttran^  por  d 
general  Job6  F^lix  Blanco  .  .  .    Caracas,  1875-78.     14  vols.    (Yale.) 


SOUTH   AMEBIOA   AS    A    FIELD   FOB   BESEABCH.  291 

the  study  of  Venezuelan  history  and  politics  as  is  the  Library  of  Yale 
University;  for,  although  it  contains  more  Government  documents, 
it  does  not  contain  so  many  valuable  secondary  works  nor  so  many 
early  periodicals.  There  is,  in  fact,  quite  a  little  material  relating  to 
Venezuela,  both  manuscript  and  printed,  at  Yale,  that  is  not  avail- 
able, so  far  as  I  know,  in  Venezuela. 

In  Colombia  there  is  considerable  interest  in  historical  work,  and 
the  National  Academy  of  History  at  Bogota  has  published  some 
excellent  volumes.** 

There  are  also  in  Bogota  a  large  number  of  valuable  manuscripts, 
including  the  papers  of  General  Santaxdek,  which  are  accessible 
nowhere  else. 

The  largest  collection  in  Argentina  is  proba])ly  in  Buenos  Aires 
at  the  National  Library,  where  the  valuable  manuscripts  collected 
by  the  late  historian.  General  Mitre,  and  which  he  used  in  his  well- 
known  works  *  on  Belgrano  and  San  Martin,  are  deposited. 

Fortunately,  however,  one  is  not  obliged  to  go  abroad  to  indulge 
in  South  American  research.  The  most  advantageous  place  in  this 
coimtry  is  the  city  of  Washington.  In  the  State  Department  dip- 
lomatic and  consular  archives,  there  are  786  bound  volumes  of  dis- 
patches from  South  America,  459  volumes  of  disi)atches  sent  by  diplo- 
matic agents,  and  327  sent  by  consular  agents.  Among  the  earlier 
volumes  are  many  valuable  historical  documents.  Nearly  all  relate 
to  the  XlXth  century.*' 

In  the  Naval  War  Records  Office  there  are  in  the  collections  relat- 
ing to  the  Brazil  Squadron  and  the  Pacific  and  South  Pacific  Squad- 
rons over  50  volumes  of  letters,  many  of  which  relate  to  political 

«  Such  as:  Vida  de  Ilerrdn.  Biografia,  escrita  por  Eduardo  Posada  y  Pedro  M.  Ibatlez 
y  premiada  en  la  concurao  del  centenario.     Bogota:  1903. 

El  Precursor.  Documentos  sobre  la  vida  publica  y  privada  del  General  Antonio 
Xariflo.     BogoU:  1903. 

b  Estudios  hist&ricos  sobre  la  revolucidn  argentina:  Belgrano  y  Giiemes,  par  Bartolom^ 
Milrt».     Bucnoe  Ain«,  1864.     (Yale.) 

Ilistoria  de  San  Martin  y  dela  emancipacion  8ud-av\ericana,  por  Barlolom^  Mitre  .  .  . 
2.  ed.  cor  .  .  .  Buenos-Airo8,  1890.     4  vols.     (Yal%.) 

Ilistoria  de  Belgrano  y  de  la  independcncia  argentina^  por  Bartolome  Mitre.  4.  y  defi- 
iiiti\'a  ed.,  corr.  y  aum.     Buenos-Airos,  1887.     3  voIh.     (Yale.) 

c  Reference  to  the  diplomatic  archives  and  to  eoine  of  the  special  material  will  be 
i(»und  in  Van  Tyne  and  Leland's  Report  on  the  Government  Archives,  particularly  in 
ih«.*  new  edition,  which  has  already  gone  to  the  printers. 

The  South  American  dispatches  are  divided  as  follows:  Argentina,  G9  volumes,  begin- 
ning October  1, 1807;  Bolivia,  20  volumes,  beginning  June  9, 1848;  Brazil,  150  volumes, 
iH-^rinning  March  12,  1817;  Chile,  75  volumes,  beginning  June  30,  1818;  Colombia, 
l.'^3  volumes,  beginning  August  19,  1822;  Ecuador,  30  volumes,  beginning  February 
10.  1826:  Paraguay  (and  Uruguay),  50  volumes,  beginning  March  19,  1821;  Peru,  90 
volumes,  beginning  May  1,  1823;  Venezuela,  111  volumes,  beginning  July  10,  1810; 
British  Guiana,  21  volumes,  beginning  October  10,  1827;  Dutch  Guiana,  7  volumes, 
iK'ginning  April  7,  1799. 


292      INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

affairs  in  South  America  and  the  relations  of  the  United  States  with 
Spanish  America.  Many  of  the  letters  from  and  to  officers  of  ships 
of  war  concern  poHtical  refugees  and  the  constitutional  development 
of  South  America. 

For  the  Wars  of  Emancipation,  that  fascinating  first  quarter  of 
the  XlXth  century  in  which  San  Martin,  Bolivar,  Santander, 
Belgrano,  O'Higgins  and  Sucre  flourished,  there  is  no  satisfactory 
comprehensive  book.  There  are  good  chapters  in  various  recent 
English  books  that  might  be  mentioned,  and  there  are,  to  be  sure, 
various  longer  works  about  which  something  might  be  said,  but 
there  is  no  good  comprehensive  book  written  from  a  scholarly  point 
of  view,  and  the  need  for  such  a  book  in  English  is  painfully  appar- 
ent. There  is  a  splendid  opportunity  in  this  period  for  work  to  be 
done  on  readable  biographies  of  these  interesting  characters.  There 
is  no  end  of  material,  there  is  considerable  dramatic  interest  in  their 
lives,  and  there  are  many  manuscript  sources  available. 

The  Yale  Library  possesses  an  excellent  collection  of  manuscripts 
relating  to  this  period.  It  consists  for  the  most  part  of  some  3,100 
original  letters  and  about  200  transcripts,  not  only  official  but  also 
personal  correspondence.  Some  idea  of  its  extent  may  be  gathered 
from  the  following  brief  description.    There  are: 

(1)  The  Sucre  Papers,  which  consist  of  over  2,200  letters  written 
mostly  to  Gen.  A.  J.  Sucre,  in  the  years  1821-1829.  By  far  the 
larger  part  of  these  letters  were  written  during  the  course  of  his 
campaigns  in  southern  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia.* 

o  Among  the  more  important  sections  of  the  Sucre  Papers  may  be  mentioned: 

35  letters  of  Jos6  d'Espinar,  of  which  23  are  to  Sucre,  2  to  Ignacio  Alcazar  (?)  8" 
Prefect©  del  Dep^°"  de  Iluaylas,  and  4  to  S°'  Intend^'  de  Guayaquil.  (Pativilca,  Tru- 
jillo,  etc.,  Dec.  5,  1821- Aug.  15,  1829.) 

31  letters  of  Greg<>  Ferdnanez,  of  which  30  are  to  Sucre  and  one  to  Joe6  Albarino.  * 
(Caxamarca,  Potosi,  Paz,  and  Paz  de  Ayacucho,  Jan.  2,  1824-Apr.  30, 1828.) 

18  letters  of  Gregorio  Funes  to  Sucre.     (Buenos  Aires,  Aug.  18,  1825-Nov.  27,  1829.) 

35  letters  of  L.  Galindo.  of  which  34  are  to  Sucre  and  one  to  Luis  Urdaneta.  (Pachas, 
Potosi,  Aguamiro,  etc.,  Jan.  6, 1824-Feb.  19, 1829.) 

38  letters  and  1  statistical  table  of  Tomds  de  Heres,  of  which  25  letters  are  to  Sucre 
and  two  to  Jos6  Cardenas.  (Lima,  Cuenca,  Guayaquil,  etc.,  Aug.  23,  1821-Sept.  16, 
1829.) 

21  letters  of  D.  Ibarra,  of  which  7  are  to  Sucre.  (Guayaquil,  Ofia,  etc.,  Nov.  8, 1821- 
Mar.  29, 1824(?). 

65  letters  of  Juan  Illingrot,  of  which  44  (?)  are  to  Sucre,  and  two  to  Morales.  (Guaya- 
quil, San  Borondon,  Babahoyo,  etc.,  Apr.  15, 1821-Mar.  19, 1829.) 

42  letters  of  Jacinto  Lara  to  Sucre.  (Cajabamba,  Arequipa,  etc.,  Dec.  9th,  1823- 
Oct.27, 1826.) 

30  letters  of  Jos4  de  la  Mar,  of  which  29  are  to  Sucre.  (Guayaquil,  etc.,  Jan.  11, 
1822-June  17,  1829  (?).) 

29  letters  of  William  Miller  to  Sucre.  (Caraveli,  Potosi,  etc.,  Aug.  13,  1823- Aug. 
17,1826.) 

33  Jotters  of  A .  Morales,  of  which  18  are  to  Sucre.    (Guayaquil,  Sanborondon,  Machalm 
etc.,  Mayl,  1821-OcL  30, 1824.) 


SOUTH   AHEBIOA   AS   A   FIELD   FOB  BESEABGH.  293 

Very  few  of  them  have  ever  been  printed,  and  they  present  an 
excellent  opportunity  for  writing  an  intelUgent  Ufe  of  this  great 
general  and  his  campaigns. 

(2)  The  Henry  HiU  letters.  This  collection  consists  of  about  1,100 
letters  to  and  from  Henby  Hill,  a  young  Connecticut  Yankee,  who 
went  out  to  Chile  with  a  consignment  of  arms  and  ammunition  from 
Baltimore,  in  the  early  days  of  the  South  American  Wars  of  Eman- 
cipation, and  later  became  our  first  consul  to  Valparaiso.  Henry 
"Hill  left  New  York  about  the  middle  of  December,  1816,  going  to 
Baltimore,  whence  he  embarked  as  supercargo  on  the  brig  Savage 
January  5,  1817,  with  a  cargo  of  warlike  stores,  bound. for  South 
America.  Finding  it  impossible  to  sell  these  in  Buenos*  Aires,  the 
ship  sailed  through  the  Straits  of  Magellan  and  reached  Chile  in 
May,  where,  before  long.  Hill  got  in  touch  with  San  Martin  and 
finally  disposed  of  his  cargo.  He  lived  in  Valparaiso  from  1817  to 
1821,  leaving  there  in  March,  1821,  and  going  to  New  York  by  way 
of  Argentina  and  Brazil.** 

There  are  929  letters  from  Estanislao  Lynch  to  Henry  Hill, 
written  mostly  in  a  clear  Spanish  hand;  840  from  Santiago,  cover- 
ing the  period  from  July  8,  1817,  to  September  9,  1821,  and  Feb- 

(Footnote — Continued . ) 

19  letters  of  Daniel  Florencio  O*  Leary ,  of  which  15  are  to  Sucre .  (Bogotd ,  Guayaquil , 
etc.,  Feb.  8,  1822-July  29,  1829.) 

41  letters  of  Joe6  de  Olmedo,  of  which  28  are  to  Sucre  and  two  to  Bart™*  Salgado. 
(Guayaquil,  May  5, 1821-Mar.  7, 1822.) 

21  letters  of  J^  Ant®  Ponton,  of  which  18  are  to  Sucre  and  two  to  Morales.  (Alausi, 
San  Pablo,  etc.,  Sept.  20,  1821-Apr.  4,  1822.) 

22  letters  of  Bartolome  Salom,  of  which  21  are  to  Sucre.  (Pasto,  Bella  Vista,  etc., 
Aug.  31,  1820-Dec.  19,  1828.) 

35  letters  of  Andres  Sc**ruz,  of  which  32  are  to  Sucre.  (Piiua,  Paz,  Plata,  etc., 
Dec.  22,  1821-Feb.  26,  1827.) 

19  letters  of  Francisco  de  Paula  Santander,  of  which  12  are  to  Sucre.  (Bogota, 
etc.,  Jan.  3  1820-Jan.  20  1829.) 

47  letters  of  Luis  Urdaneta,  of  which  39  are  to  Sucre.  (Caflas,  Huaras,  Loxa,  etc., 
Jan.  17,  1821-June  11,  1829(?). 

10  letters  of  Wm.  White,  of  which  eight  are  to  Sucre.  (Puerto  de  Espana,  Caracas, 
etc.,  Sept.  4, 1818-Mar.  26,  1830.) 

«He  is  addressed  during  1822  care  of  Palmer  and  Hamilton,  New  York,  and  lived 
occasionally  in  New  York,  New  Haven,  Saybrook,  and  Catskill.  In  1823  he  seems 
to  have  gone  to  Boston,  where  he  lived  until  1829,  the  end  of  the  correspondence. 
Yale  also  has  his  letter  book  for  the  years  1811-1816. 

There  are  among  the  letters  two  interesting  bills  of  lading  for  Spanish  and  Peru- 
vian milled  dollars,  shipped  from  Peru  to  Baltimore. 

In  the  letters  written  by  Henry  Hill  there  are  171  letters  written  irom  South  Amer- 
ica during  1817  and  1818.  Most  of  these  were  written  from  Valparaiso  or  Santiago  de 
Chile  from  June,  1817,  to  December  31,  1818,  and  many  of  them  are  to  Estanislao 
Lynch.  Nearly  all  are  in  English.  There  are  practically  no  originals.  A  few  of 
the  copies  were  made  by  a  patent  copying  press  and  are  very  much  faded,  but  most 
of  them  are  autograph  transcripts. 


294     INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

ruary  26,  1824,  to  January  4,  1825,  and  83  letters  from  Lima,  Octo- 
ber 8,  1821-June  16,  1829.  The  letters  are  of  great  value  for  a 
history  of  the  Wars  of  Emancipation  in  Chile  and  Peru.  They  wiH 
also  be  of  use  in  estimating  the  amount  of  assistance  which  the 
South  American  patriots  received  from  this  country,  and  in  throw- 
ing new  light  on  the  character  of  San  Martin.  None  of  these  letters 
has  ever  been  printed,  so  far  as  I  know. 

(3)  TTie  Bolivar  PaperSj  a  collection  of  about  100  MS.  letters, 
papers,  and  documents  relating  to  Bolivar  and  his  friends,  including 
Hoja  de  servicios  del  ccfronel  Felipe  Esteves,  a  folio  volume  of  much 
interest. 

(4)  Lettres  americaines  sur  les  revolutions  du  Nouveau  Monde,  ou 
correspondance  de  plusieurs  fran^ais  residant  au  Meodque,  au  Pirou, 
a  BuenoS'Ayres  et  autres  lieux  .  .  .  suivis  de  Vhonneur  franfuis  .  .  . 
[etc.],  par.  P.  Colau.     1819.     124  pp.* 

(5)  BataUds  de  Vargas  i  Boya^ca  25  de  jvlio  de  1819-7  de  agosto  de 
1819,  by  Elias  Prieto  Villate.  1893.  49  pp.  fol.  With  a  map  of 
the  Battle  of  Pantano  de  Vargas.  An  interesting  manuscript  by  a 
local  antiquary.     The  result  of  a  lifetime  of  patient  research. 

In  the  eariier  volumes  of  the  consular  archives  in  the  State  De- 
partment are  many  valuable  documents  relating  to  this  period,  in- 
cluding a  large  number  of  letters  from  Henry  Hill,  and  there  are 
besides  several  reports  from  special  agents  who  were  sent  out  to  in- 
vestigate the  actual  conditions  of  the  incipient  republics.* 

oOf  interest  in  this  connection  are  the  following  MSS.  in  the  Library  of  CongreflB*. 

A  general  history  of  South  American  Independence,  with  a  few  finance  and  military 
tables.  (In  French.)  Also:  Relation  au  detail  de  vies  operations  militaires  sur  la  Prov- 
ince de  Guatemala  et  des  motifs  qui  les  ont  detemiinees  par  Luis  Aury.     1820.     1  voL    4^. 

Privezac  (French  Secret  Agent):  Rapport  sur  Vitat  et  la  situation  exactf  des  Colania 
espagnoles  de  VAmSrique  a  la  fin  de  1817;  Rapport  sur  le  situation  de  VAmSrique  au 
commencement  de  1818;  Rapport  sur  la  sxtuatxon  de  VAmeriqiu;  Rapport  sur  la  situation 
de  VAmerique  Espagnole;  Rapport  sur  la  situation  Politique  de  VAmhique  EspagnoU, 
1818.     1  vol.     fol.     Includes  all  of  the  important  countries  of  South  America. 

&Such  are  (1)  the  letters  of  W.  G.  D.  Worthington,  special  XJ.  S.  agent  to  Buenos 
Aires,  Chile  and  Peru,  1817-1820.  (Van  Tyne  and  Leland's  "Guide  to  the  Govem- 
mont  Archives,'*  new  edition),  and  also  (2)  "Report  made  Sept.  25, 1819"  by  Baptis 
Irvine  (special  agent  of  the  U.  S.  Government  to  Venezuela),  Jan.  30,  1818.  230  loL 
pp.     An  interesting  sketch  of  Venezuelan  history  up  to  1819. 

(3)  Orinoco  River  exploration  1819.  MSS.  Journal  of  U.  S.  8.  "Nonesuch**  to  An- 
gostura in  1819. 

(4 )  Letters  May  1-June,  1823,  by  J.  B.  Prevoet,  in  **Lima,"  vol.  i;  (6)  Prevoity  /.  B. 
Account  of  his  death  and  correspondence  relating  thereto,  in  "Lima,"  vol.  L 

(())  Letters  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  Apr.  I,  1824-June  19,  1827,  by  Wm.  Tador. 
''  Lima,"  vol.  i.  Very  full  and  interesting,  especially  as  they  are  strongly  pro  Spanish. 
Wm.  Tudor  was  with  the  Spaniards  at  Callao  and  got  the  Spanish  aspect  of  the  mat 
and  of  Bolivar.  "  Lima,"  vol.  i.  W.  Tudor  to  Secretary  of  State,  May  3. 1824.  From 
on  board  U.  S.  S.  Franklin  at  Callao.    A  long  letter  describing  situation  of  Boliw  at 


SOUTH   AMEBIOA    AS    A    FIELD   FOB   BESEABGH.  295 

The  Spanish  Americans  have  appreciated  the  value  of  printing 
the  sources  for  their  history,  and  one  finds  an  unexpected  abimdance 
of  this  kind  of  material.  In  countries  where  tropical  insects  and 
dampness  allow  few  books  and  papers  to  reach  a  ripe  old  age,  it  is 
extremely  fortunate  that  so  many  of  the  documents  have  been 
printed.  Furthermore  the  Republics  all  print  annually,  as  a  rule, 
the  ofiicial  reports  of  the  various  Ministries  and  Government  De- 
partments. Thesft  FoUetos  Oficiales  constitute  the  main  body  of 
printed  sources  for  the  history  and  politics  of  the  XlXth  century.* 
There  are  many  other  well-known  publications  that  might  be  men- 
tioned, such  as:  The  Memoirs  of  the  Viceroys  of  Peru,  6  volumes;^ 
Calvo's  great  collection  of  Latin-American  treaties,  16  volumes;'' 
Pedro  de  Angelis's  collection  of  documents,  6  volumes  ;**  the  docu- 
ments relating  to  Bolivar,  the  liberator,  14  volumes;  the  O'Leary 
memoirs,  33   volumes;   the    collections  of   documentos    ineditoSy  55 

Canteras,  says:  "The  Colombians  are  excessively  disturbed  by  the  Peruvians  and 
their  chief  is  e8i)ecially  an  object  of  hatred  and  dread.** 

(7)  Letter  to  John  Quincy  AdamSy  Columbiana,  Brazil,  May,  1821,  by  Henry  Ilill. 
**  The  particulars  of  the  Revolution  at  Bahia,  etc."    4to.     106  pp.     "Rio,**  vol.  i. 

(8)  "-4  thort  sketch  (27  pp.  fol.)  of  occurrences  in  Buenos  Ayres  uithin  the  last  year 
(1820)'*  by  J.  M.  Forbes.     "Buenos  Ayres,**  vol.  i. 

o  Take  Venezuela  for  an  example.  As  soon  as  she  was  independent  of  the  neighbor- 
ing State  of  Colombia,  Venezuela  began  publishing  the  FoUetos  Oficiales  in  1830.  For 
thirty  years  these  consisted  of  four  pamphlets  annually,  reports  of  the  ministers  of 
Foreign  Affairs,  Interior,  Treasury  and  War  and  Na\'y.  In  the  early  eighties  the 
num1)er  of  departments  was  increased  to  thirteen.  In  1862,  1864,  1871,  1872,  1879, 
and  1900  and  19Q1  the  state  of  the  country  did  not  warrant  the  publication  of  the 
official  documents.    Most  of  the  reports  since  1865  are  in  the  Yale  Library. 

An  even  more  important  source  for  the  study  of  Venezuelan  jiirispnidence  are  the 
files  of  government  newspapers.  From  1808  to  1820  was  published  the  Gaceta  de 
Caracas;  from  1821  to  1826  it  was  known  as  the  Gaceta  de  Colombia;  from  1827  to  1857, 
as  the  Gaceta  de  Gobiemo;  from  1858  to  1861  as  the  Gaceta  Ofidal;  then  for  two  years  as 
the  Registro  Ofidal;  from  1863  to  1867,  as  the  Recopilacidn  Ofidal;  from  1868  to  1871, 
as  the  Gaceta  Federal;  from  1872  to  the  present  day  as  the  Gaceta  Ofidal.  The  Yale 
library  has  25  volumes  of  the  last-named  periodical. 

ft  Memorias  de  los  vireyes  que  han  gobemado  el  Peru,  durante  el  tiempo  del  coloniaje 
espafiol.    Impresa  de  drdcn  suprema.    Lima:  1859,     6  vols.     (Yale.) 

c  ReauU  complet  des  traxtis,  conventions,  etc.,  et  autres  actes  diplomatiqnes  de  tous 
IfS  Etats  de  V  Amerique  Latine  compris  cntre  le  golfe  du  Mexiquc  et  le  cap  de  Horn,  depuis 
1493  jusqu'ii  nos  jours,  by  (\  Calvo.    Paris,  1862-69.    16  vols.    (Yale.) 

In  vol.  X,  pp.  256-383,  is  a  Repertorio  de  manuscritos  ineditos,  which  gives  reference 
to  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Biblioteca  Imperial  of  Paris,  Archives  of  the  Indies 
in  Se'V'ille,  and  the  Library  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  History  oi  Madrid. 

d  CoUod&n  de  obras  y  documentos  relativos  d  la  historia  antigua  y  modema  de  las  pro- 
vindoM  dd  Rio  de  la  Plata.  Ilustrados  con  notas  y  disertadones,  by  Pedro  de  Angelis. 
Buenos  Aires,  183^-37.    6  vols.    (Yale.) 


296     IXTEBKATIONAL  BUREAU   OP   THE   AMERICAN?   BEFUBIJCS. 

volumes;*  the  documents  relating  to  Chile,  63  volumes,*  and  the 
documents  relating  to  Venezuela,  12  volumes/ 

In  these  eight  sets  alone  are  205  volumes  of  sources  awaiting  the 
specialist. **  All  of  these  sets  are  in  the  Yale  Library,  and  most  of 
them  are  also  in  the  Harvard  Library. 

For  general  history  and  poUtics,  in  addition  to  the  material  already 

mentioned,  there  are  many  publications  and  periodicals  ^  which  are 

— — i 

<^  CoUccion  dc  documentos  iniditot,  relativos  al  descubrimimto.  eonquitta  y  organizaciyn^ 
de  las  cmtiguas  posaiones  apanoUu  de  Ameriea  y  Octarda,  sacados  de  lo$  arehiros  del  rcino, 
y  muy  apcdalmente  dtl  de  Indias.  Madrid.  1864-S4.  42  vols.  (Yale.),  and  Colecdi'jn 
de  documentos  iruditos  relatives  al  descubrxmiento^  conquista  y  organiiaeidn  de  las  antiguas 
posesiorus  espanolas  de  Ultramar  \segunia  serie\  publicada  por  la  Real  Academia  dc  la 
Histona.    Madrid,  1SS5-1S98.     13  vols.      Yale.) 

^Coleceion  de  documentos  ineditos  para  la  historia  de  Ckile  desde  el  Haje  de  Magallanes 
hasta  la  batalla  de  Maipo.  1518-1S18.  Colectados  y  puhlieiados  por  J.  T.  Medina,  vols. 
1-30.  Santiago.  1S$S-1902.  k  Han.*ard ),  and  the  CoUaidn  de  kistoriadores  de  Chile  y 
documentos  relatiros  a  la  historia  nacional.  publieados  con  notas,  etc.,  por  D.  B.  Arana  y 
J.  T.  Medina,     vols,  i-xxxm.     Santiago.  1S61-1900.     (Yale.) 

^Documentos  para  los  anales  de  Venezuela  desde  el  morimiento  separatista  de  la  Uni6n 
eolombiana  hasta  nuestros  dias.     1^  periodo.    Caracas,  1889-91.    7  vols. 

Same.     ^  periodo.    Caracas,  1891-92.     5  vols.     (Yale.) 

d  Other  important  sets  that  might  be  mentioned  are: 

Mercurio  Peruano.  de  historia.  literatura  y  noticias  publieasquedad  luzlaSodedad  Acad- 
hnica  de  Amantes  de  Lima;  y  en  su  nombre  J.  Calero  y  Jfomra.  Lima,  1791-95.  12 
vols.  (Harvard-^ 

CoUccidn  de  documentos  literarios  del  Peru.  Coleetados  y  arreglados  por  M.  Odriozola. 
Tomo  i-ii.     Lima,  1863-1878. 

Documentos  para  la  hintoria  de  (-artagena.     Cartagena.  1887.    7  vols.     (Yale.) 

Collect  de  Nofinnn  pftrn  a  llinttrria  r  (geograpkia  das  Xofoes  UUramarinaSj  que  vivem 
nos  dominion  Vtfrtugurzrn,  on  Uws  hAo  lisinhas:  Publicada  pela  Academia  Real  das  Scien- 
das.     Lisbon:   IHI2  M.     7  v<ilH.     (llurvard.) 

Colleccdo  flan  A'  i*  do  Impirio  do  lirasil,  de  1860  a  1878  inclus.  27  vols.  Collect  das 
decisoes  do  dovmu)  do  Iinperio  do  Brazil,  de  1860  a  1878  indus.  19  vols.  Rio  de 
Janf^rci:   IH(M),  otr. 

DociivirntoH  para  a  histona  da  conquista  e  colonisacao  da  casta  dt  leste-oeste  do  Brazil. 
Rio  dn  JiiiH'iro:  imf).     (L.  C.) 

(Jiiirra  dd  Paclfico.  Recopilacion  completa  de  todos  los  documentos  ofidaUs,  corre- 
8po7ulfiicias  i  demos  publicxiciones  rcferentes  a  la  guerra  que  ha  dado  a  lux  la  prensa  de 
Chili',  V(rH  i  Bolivia,  contenicndo  documentos  ineditos  de  importanda.  Ahuma<ld 
Morcnic).     ValpamiHo:  1887-91.     8  torn.     (Yale.) 

Rccojnladon  de  los  Leyes  y  Decretos  de  Venezuela.     1874,  etc.     28  vols.     (Yale.) 

IHario  de  las  discu stones  y  ados  de  las  Cortes.     Cadiz:  1811-1813.     23  vols. 

CoUccion  de  los  decretos  y  ordenes  que  han  expcdido  las  Cortes  generales  y  extraordinaria* . 
Cadiz:  1^11-1813.    4  voIh. 

^  Revista  sud-ainericana.     Rio  de  Janeiro.     Monthly.     (Harvard.) 

The  South  American  Journal  and  Brazil  and  River  Plate  Mail.  London.  Now  in  it? 
44tli  year.     (A  few  volumes  in  Yale.)     It  is  chiefly  financial. 

Revue  Sud-AvUTicaine,  publication  bi-m^nsuelle  politique,  economique^  finaneiire  et 
commerciale  des  pays  latins  de  V  Amerique.     Paris:  1882,  etc.     (Yale.) 

Re  list  a  Critica  de  Ili^storia  y  Litter  atur  a  Espaflolas,  Portuguses  e  Hispano- Americanos 

Publiciuie  bajo  la  direccion  de  Rafael  AUaviira  y  Antonio  Elias  de  Monlius.     Contains 

monthly  or  bimonthly  list  of  l)(K)k8  published  in  Spain  and  South  America  of  a  Utermry, 

criti(*al,  or  luslorical  nature. 

Jiei^ista  de  Archives  y  Bibliotecas  Nacionales—Epoca  colomal'-OuerrQ  de  Independet^ 

Lima:  1899-1900.    5  vols.    (Yale.^ 


SOUTH   AMERICA    AS    A    FIELD   FOB   RESEABOH.  297 

likely  sources  of  good  material,  and  it  is  possible  to  follow  the  course 
of  current  legislation  through  the  files  of  the  oiKcial  journals.* 

Several  of  the  more  important  universities  issue  annual  publica- 
tions of  varying  importance.  ^ 

One  is  more  likely  to  find  contributions  to  the  theory  of  political 
science  than  historical  monographs,  although  the  latter  are  not  infre- 
quent. Some  of  the  publications  are  devoted  almost  exclusively  to 
history  and  poUtical  science.  Such,  for  instance,  is  the  Revista  de 
Buenos  Ayres.  One  scarcely  realizes  how  much  can  be  found  in  these 
long  sets  until  one  has  had  occasion  to  use  them. 

«  BoUtin  Ofidal  de  la  Republica  Argentina.    Daily. 

Diario  Ofidal.    Rio  de  Janeiro.     Daily. 

Diario  Ofidal  de  la  Repiahlica  de  Chile.    Santiago.    Daily. 

ElEstado.    La  Paz.    Daily.     {Diario  Ofidal.) 

Diario  Ofidal.    Bogotd.    Daily. 

Registro  Ofidal  de  la  Repiiblica  del  Ecuador.    Quito.    Daily. 

Diario  Ofiidal.    Asuncidn.    Daily. 

El  Peruana.     (Diario  Ofidal.)    Lima.    Monthly. 

Gaceta  Ofidal.     Caracafi.     Daily. 

Files  of  these,  more  or  less  complete,  are  in  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library. 

6  Anales  universitarios  del  Perii  .  .  .  Lima,  1879-92. 

Continued  under  the  title:  Anales  de  la  Univer sided  Mayor  de  San  Marcos  de  Lima. 
Lima,  1903-04. 

Succeeded  in  1906  by  the  Revista  Univer sitaria.  Lima,  Peru.  Universidad  Mayor 
de  San  Marcos.    (Yale.) 

Arkzie*  (f«  2a  ?7mver«(farfcfeCAii€:  Santiago,  1846-1906.  (90  vols.)  (Yale.)  Apen- 
dice  .  .  .  Indice  alfabitico  y  analitico  de  hs  trabajos  publicados  184S-1887.  Por  E. 
Valtmuch  y  Ouzman.    Santiago:  1890. 

In  the  Apindice  one  gets  some  idea  of  the  class  of  material  that  may  be  encountered 
in  the  Anales.  In  the  forty-four  years  covered  by  the  index,  ther^  are  mentioned  136 
articles  referring  to  civil  law,  6  articles  on  natural  law,  8  articles  on  international  law, 
15  articles  on  political  economy,  16  articles  on  constitutional  and  administrative  law, 
and  12  articles  on  commercial  law.  There  are  also  43  articles  classified  as  history,  and 
64  classified  as  biography.  Classified  under  the  science  of  medicine  there  are  278 
articles.  As  the  character  of  the  publication  has  not  changed  materially  since  the 
index  was  issued  in  1887,  one  may  reasonably  expect  to  find  the  same  proportion  dur- 
ing the  past  twenty  years. 

Estidistica  bibliogrdfico  de  la  literatura  Chilena  {desde  la  introducdon  de  la  imprenta 
enCkiieyenlSJiyhastaelfindel  .  .  .  aflode  59),  etc.  By  Ramon  Briseno.  Published 
by  Universidad  de  ChUe.     Santiago  de  Chile,  1862.    4°    (B.  M.) 

El  Cddigo  Civil  ante  la  Universidad,  6  sus  comentarios  por  los  abogados  mas  celebres  del 
Faro  ChUenOy  etc.  [A  coUection  of  Theses.]  Recopilados  por  .  .  .  [Luis  Cistemas 
Moraga.]  Published  by  Universidad  de  Chile.  Santiago,  1871,  etc.  8°  In  prog- 
resB.     (B.  M.) 

Anales  de  la  Universidad.    Bogotd.     10  vols.     1868-1879.     (Yale.) 

Anales  de  la  Universidad  Central  de  Venezuela.    Caracas,  1902,  etc. 

Anuario  de  la  Universidad  de  Los  Andes  en  los  Estados  Unidos  de  Venezuela.  Merida, 
1893,  etc. 


298      INTERNATIONAL,   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

I  have  placed  in  the  notes  a  list  of  some  of  the  more  important 
Argentine  material  of  this  nature,  with  some  indication  of  where 
it  may  be  found."  Similar  lists  might  be  prepared  for  the  other 
Republics.  The  publications  of  a  scientific  nature  are  much  more 
accessible  than  those  relating  to  histor}^  and  political  science.  There 
has  been  no  attempt  made  to  make  this  list  complete.  It  is  intended 
merely  to  be  suggestive. 

It  is  possible  to  find  in  the  larger  American  libraries  many  of  the 
printed  sources,  and  in  a  few  cases  good  working  collections  which 
offer  opportunities  for  research. 

The  Library  of  Congress  has  a  continually  increasing  collection  of 
books  on  South  America.  It  has  recently  acquired  a  collection  of  the 
laws  and  decrees  of  Brazil,  numbering  about  300  volumes. 

o  La  Biblioteca.  Revista  mensual  dirigida  por  P.  Gronssac.  Buenos  Aires:  1896,  etc. 
In  progress.     (Brit.  Mus.) 

Anales  de  la  Biblioteca.  Publicacidn  de  documentos  reUUivos  al  Rio  de  la  Plata  con 
introducciones  y  notas  por  P.  Groussac.    Buenos  Aires:  1900,  1902.    2  vols. 

Anales  del  Museo  de  La  Plata.    La  Plata:  1890,  etc.     In  progress.    (Harvard.) 

Revista  del  Museo  de  La  Plata.    La  Plata:  1890,  etc.     In  progress.     (Yale.) 

Revista  del  Archivo  general  de  Buenos  Aires  fundada  bajo  la  proteccion  del  gohitmo 
de  la  provincia  por  Manuel  Ricardo  Trelles.    Buenos  Aires:  1869-72.    4  vols.     (L.  C.) 

La  revista  de  Buenos  Aires.  Uistoria  americanay  literaiuraf  derecho  y  variedades. 
Periddico  destinado  d  la  Republica  Argentina,  la  oriental  del  Uruguay  y  la  del  Paraguay. 
Buenos- Aires:  186^-71.     25  vols.     (Yale  has  vols.  1-12.) 

Nueva  Revista  de  Buenos  Aires.    Buenos  Aires:  1861-85.     13  vols.     (Brit.  Mus.) 

Revista  del  Rio  de  la  Plata,  periddico  mensual  de  kistoria  yliteratura  de  Amhiea. 
Buenos  Aires.     13  vols. 

Revista  de  Derecho,  Historia  y  Letras.  Buenos  Aires.  Now  in  its  tenth  year.  (Col. 
Mem.  Lib.) 

El  Museo  Ilistdrico.  Publicaddn  trimestral,  ilustrada  y  descriptiva.  Buenoe  Aires: 
1892-95.     (Brit.  Mus.) 

Bulletin  mensuel  de  Statistique  munidpale  de  la  Ville  de  Buenos  Aire$,  [Buenos 
Ayrcs]:  1891-94. 

Monthly  Return  of  Municipal  Statistics  of  the  City  of  Buenos  Aires,  Buenos  Aires: 
1894-97. 

Monthly  Bulletin  of  Municipal  Statistics  of  the  City  of  Buenos  Aires,  Buenoe  Aires: 
1897,  etc.     In  progress.     (Brit.  Mus.) 

Comerdo  exterior  argentino.     Quarterly.     (L.  C.) 

Anuario.     Direcci6n  general  de  estadistica.     Buenos  Aires.     (L.  C.) 

Anuario  estadistico.  Direcci6n  general  de  estadistica,  Buenos  Aires  (province). 
(L.  C.) 

Boletin  oficial  de  la  Republica  Argentina.  Buenos  Aires.  Monthly.  (Patent  Office, 
Washington.) 

Registro  oficial  del  Gobiemo  de  Buenos  Aires.     Buenos  Aires,  1835-73.     (Brit.  Mus.) 

Reinsta  de  Lejislacion  y  Juris prudencia,  publicada  bajo  la  direccum  de  J,  M.  Moreno^ 
C.  Araujo,  A.  E.  Malaver,  J.  J.  Monies  de  Oca.  Tom.  1-11.  Buenos  Aires:  18fi9,  etc, 
(Brit.  Mus.) 

Boletin,    Instituto  geogrifico  argentino,  Buenos  Aires.    Monthly.    (L.  C.) 


SOUTH    AKEBIOA    AS    A    FIELD   FOB    RESEARCH.  299 

The  Pan-American  Bureau,  which  is  soon  to  be  housed  in  such 
*  attractive  and  commodious  quarters,  contains  the  archives  of  the 
International  American  Conferences,  and  publishes  numerous  hand- 
books and  maps,  besides  a  Monthly  Bulletin,  which  contains 
useful  bibliographical  notes.  Under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  is  the 
Columbus  Memorial  Library,  which  possesses  a  large  collection  of 
books  relating  to  all  the  American  RepubUcs  and  is  constantly- 
increasing  in  importance.  Its  files  of  South  American  newspapers 
alone  give  it  a  unique  position  for  the  student  of  modem  South 
American  politics  and  social  conditions.  It  has  recently  published 
a  list  of  its  books  on  the  history  and  geography  of  Latin  America." 

When  one  adds  the  Government  arcliives  to  the  material  offered 
by  these  two  libraries,  it  is  readily  seen  that  the  opportimities  for 
prosecuting  South  American  research  in  Washington  are  so  good  as 
to  place  that  city  easily  first.'' 

After  Washington  comes  New  Haven,  for  it  is  probably  true  that 
the  Yale  Library  has  the  best  single  coUectioli  of  South  American 
material  in  the  coimtry.  Besides  about  3,400  manuscripts  already 
mentioned,  this  collection  includes  over  7,000  volumes  of  printed 
sources,  official  documents,  laws,  codes  and  decrees,  periodicals  and 
newspapers,  poUtical  pamphlets,  and  secondary  works.  Among 
these  are  300  volumes  of  Spanish- American  newspapers  and  jour- 
nals— official,  ecclesiastical,  poUtical,  and  literary.  There  are  several 
complete  sets  of  the  characteristic  ephemeral  periodicals  in  which 
the  Spaniard  delights  to  express  himself.  Some  of  the  official  news- 
papers, notably- the  ^'Diario  Ojlcidl,^^  of  Columbia  (80  volumes),  and 
the  '^Guceta  Ofiddlj^'  of  Venezuela  (25  volumes),  offer  an  unusual 
opportunity  for  monographs  in  political  science.  Of  interest  in  this 
connection  are  some  500  volumes  of  the  official  publications  of 
Colombia  and  Venezuela.  The  laws,  codes,  and  commentaries  of 
those  coimtries  are  represented  by  some  350  volumes  and  an  interest- 
ing collection  of  manuscript  volumes,  illustrative  of  the  j)rocess  of 
codifying  the  laws  of  Colombia.  The  number  of  minor  printed 
sources  and  secondary  works  is  imusually  large.  This  is  due  chiefly  to 
the  collection  of  South  Americana  made  by  Don  Jorge  Pombo,  of 
Bogota,  an  indefatigable  collector  for  over  twenty  years,  2,000  of 
whose  books  have  recently  been  acquired  by  the  librarj". 

The  Harvard  Library  possesses  an  excellent  working  collection  of 
South  Americana  numbering  about  2,300  volumes.  It  includes  a 
quantity  of  material  relating  to  boimdary  disputes. 

o  List  of  Latin  American  History  and  Description  in  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library. 
International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics.     Washington:  1907.     (Yale.) 

*  The  South  American  periodicals  available  in  Washington  are  in:  A  Union  List  oj 
Periodiealif  Transactions  and  Allied  Publications  Currently  Received  in  the  Principal 
Libraria  q/"  the  District  of  Columhiay  Compiled  under  the  Direction  of  A.  P.  C.  Griffin^ 
Ckirf  (^  Division  of  Bibliography  [Library  of  Congress].    \V2ua\\\\\^Um\  \^\.    ^^^^ 


300      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

The  history  of  Brazil  is  well  represented  in  the  library  of  Cornell 
University.     Cornell    purchased    in    1896   the   Ubrary   of    the   late  • 
H.  H.  Smith,  the  author  of  a  well-known  book  on  Brazil.* 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  has  recently  acquired  a  set  of  the 
public  documents  of  Argentina,  Chile,  Peru,  and  Bolivia,  and  also 
a  great  number  of  reprints  of  historical  documents  contained  in  the 
archives  of  those  countries. 

The  Bar  Association  of  New  York  has  complete  sets  of  the  codes 
and  commentaries  of  all  the  South  American  Republics. 

The  Lenox  Branch  of  "the  New  York  PubUc  Library  has  a  good 
collection  of  eariy  printed  books  relating  to  the  colonial  period. 

The  John  Carter  Brown  Library  is  also  strong  in  this  same  field; 
one  of  their  interesting  items  is  a  collection  of  rare  Peruvian  pam- 
phlets, 1800-1830. 

The  John  Crerar  Library  in  Chicago  is  well  equipped,  particularly 
with  the  scientific  periodicals  of  South  America.^ 

The  Newberry  Library  of  Chicago  has  a  MS.  of  1,477  sheets, 
entitled  the  ''Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Spanish  Empire,"  by  (the  late) 
Robt.  H.  Vickers.  Its  collection  of  South  American  material  is 
rapidly  increasing. 

The  University  of  California  is  very  strong  for  northern  Spanish 
America,  and  has  a  good  working  collection  of  South  Americana. 

In  the  Ticknor  collection  of  the  Boston  Public  Library  are  some 
manuscripts  and  many  useful  books.^ 

And  so  this  list  might  be  prolonged,  but  perhaps  enough  has  been 
said  to  show  that  there  is  far  more  material  available  in  this  country 
for  South  American  research  than  is  generally  supposed,  and  that 
the  opportunity  for  scholarly  work  in  the  field  of  South  American 
history  and  politics  is  an  uncommonly  good  one.** 

a  Brazil,  the  Amazon  and  the  Coast.  New  York,  1879.  644  pp.  Mr.  Smith  went  to 
Brazil  in  1870,  returning  in  1874  with  the  idea  of  collecting  Amazonian  animals.  Ho 
spent  about  throe  years  and  a  half  in  making  explorations,  and  collected  a  large  maf« 
of  notes  and  over  a  hundred  thousand  specimens,  principally  entomological.  He 
made  two  other  trips  to  South  America,  writing  articles  for  Scribner's.  His  library 
consisted  of  several  volumes  of  MS.  notes  and  transcripts,  20  cases  of  newspaper  clip, 
pings,  and  1,500  books  relating  chiefly  to  Brazil. 

&  For  the  available  periodicals  see:  A  List  of  Seriah  in  Public  Libraries  of  Chicago 
and  Evanston,  Corrected  to  January,  1901.  Compiled  by  the  Chicago  Library  Club. 
Chicago:  1901,  and  supplements.     (Yale.) 

c  Vid.  also  A  List  of  Periodicals,  Newspapers,  Transactions,  and  Other  Serial  Publiea- 
lions  Currently  Received  in  the  Principal  Libraries  of  Boston  and  VidnUy,  Boston: 
1897.     (Yale.) 

d  For  information  in  regard  to  the  material  in  various  libraries  I  am  indebted  to 
many  different  persons.  Particular  thanks  are  due  to  the  ofiicials  of  the  Library  of 
Congress,  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library,  the  John  Crerar  Library,  the  Newberry 
Library,  and  the  libraries  of  Cornell,  Harvard,  and  Yale.  I  regret  tiiat  lack  of  space 
Jorbids  further  mention  of  these  and  many  others  who  have  given  gen^ous  aasiBtance. 


OOKBTETOTIONAI.  ACT  OEKTBAL  AMBEIOAN  FBATKBNITT.     301 

CONSTITUTIONAL  ACT  OF  THE  CENTRAL  AMER- 
ICAN FRATERNITY. 

In  the  city  of  Washington,  on  December  14,  1907,  Messrs.  Enrique 
C.  Ckeel,  William  I.  Buchanan,  Lie.  Luis  Anderson,  JoaquIn 
Bernardo  Calvo,  Lie.  Antonio  Batres  Jauregui,  Victor  Sanchez 
OcANA,  Dr.  Luis  Toledo  Herrarte,  Dr.  Policarpo  Bonilla,  E. 
Constantino  Fiallos,  Dr.  Angel  Ugarte,  Dr.  Jose  Madriz,  Dr. 
Luis  F.  Corea,  Dr.  Salvador  Gallegos,  Dr.  Federico  MejIa,  and 
Dr.  Salvador  RoDRfGUEZ  G.,  assembled  in  the  New  Willard  Hotel. 

Mr.  Creel  presented  the  following  resolution,  wliich  was  agreed  to : 

Whereas:  The  work  undertaken  and  carried  out  by  the  Central 
American  Peace  Conference  not  only  comprises  an  important  inter- 
national program  whose  object  is  to  secure  the  peace,  union,  and 
harmony  of  those  sister  countries  in  reference,  but  has  also  thereby 
made  a  great  stride  toward  a  practical  appUcation  of  those  prin- 
ciples establishing  for  the  first  time  in  the  world  a  Permanent  Court 
of  Justice,  which  shall  decide,  in  accordance  with  law  and  reason,  all 
international  questions  that  might,  in  many  cases,  be  a  cause  of  war; 
and 

Whereas :  This  experiment  is  of  interest  to  mankind,  which  in  its  pro- 
gressive evolution  is  endeavoring  to  secure  the  triumph  of  right  over 
might,  of  pacific  solutions  over  bloody  struggles,  and  the  prevalence  of 
right  and  of  justice  as  the  loftiest  of  its  ideals ;  and 

Whereas :  Public  opinion  will  no  doubt  efficiently  contribute  to  main- 
tain and  disseminate  such  principles,  giving  greater  prestige  to  said 
court  and  greater  popularity  and  strength  to  its  decisions ; 

It  is  agreed  to  establish  a  '^Central  American  Fraternity''  of  a 
scientific  character,  which  shall  make  the  propaganda  of  these  prin- 
ciples, in  conformity  with  the  following  bases,  by-laws,  rules,  and 
regulations: 

I.  An  association  entitled  Fratemidad  Centroamericana  (Central 
American  Fraternity)  is  hereby  estabUshed,  whose  principal  object 
shall  be  to  work  in  behalf  of  the  peace,  harmony,  and  progress  of 
Central  America;  to  strive  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Central  Amer- 
ican Court  of  Justice  and  the  proper  obedience  to  its  decisions,  and,  in 
general,  to  make  a  propaganda  in  favor  of  the  principles  set  forth  in 
the  different  conventions  of  the  Washington  Conference. 

II.  The  Central  American  Fraternity  may  embrace,  not  only  those 
who  are  here  present  and  natives  or  residents  of  Central  America,  but 
also  all  persons  favorably  disposed  who,  by  reason  of  sympathy  to- 
ward the  countries  of  Central  America,  because  of  interests  therein  or 
intercourse  with  the  inhabitants  thereof,  or  through  having  resolved 
to  develop,  propagate,  and  defend  the  principles  of  international  jus- 
ticey  desire^  become  members  of  said  association  and  to  support  its 
work. 


802      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

III.  In  each  of  the  Central  American  Republics,  in  the  United 
States  of  America,  and  in  the  United  Mexican  States  there  shall  be 
delegations  which  shall  meet  in  such  places  as  their  respective  Pres- 
idents may  designate,  in  order  to  render  an  account  of  the  results  of 
their  propaganda,  for  an  exchange  of  views,  and  to  enter  into  such 
agreements  as  they  may  deem  advisable  for  the  success  of  the  common 
cause. 

IV.  The  meetings  in  each  RepubUc  shall  have  the  character  of  Regu- 
lar Assemblies,  and  the  General  meetings,  held  in  some  of  the  coun- 
tries by  agreement  of  the  seven  Presidents,  at  which  the  delegations 
shall  assist,  shall  have  the  character  of  Special  meetings. 

V.  The  leading  matters  to  be  discussed  both  in  the  Regular  and 
Special  meetings  shall  be  stated  in  the  programme  without  prejudice 
to  such  other  matters  as  the  members  will  be  at  liberty  to  propose. 

VI.  Each  delegation  shall  be  composed  of  a  president,  a  vice- 
president,  a  treasurer,  a  secretary,  and  three  members. 

VII.  In  the  by-laws  and  rules  and  regulations  the  powers  of  the 
delegations  and  the  duties  of  the  members  shall  be  specified. 

VIII.  There  shall  be  active  and  honorary  members,  whose  recep- 
tion into  the  Fraternity  shall  be  approved  by  the  respective  del^a- 
tions  or  by  the  Regular  or  Special  meetings. 

IX.  The  Fraternity  shall  adopt  a  badge,  the  features  of  which  shall 
be  specified  in  the  by-laws,  and  on  which  shall  appear  in  relief  the 
words  "Fratemidad  Centroamericana.'' 

(Signed) 

Enrique  C.  Creel. 
Wm.  I.  Buchanan. 
Luis  Anderson. 
J.  B.  Calvo. 
Salvador  Gallegos. 

F.  MEjfA. 

Antonio  Batres   JAubeoui. 

VfcTOR  Sanchez  O. 

Jose  Madriz. 

Luis  F.  Corea. 

Llts  Toledo  Herrabte. 

Salvador  RoDRfousz  G. 

P.  BONILLA. 
E.  C.  FlALLOS. 

Angel  Uqarte. 


CENTBAL  AMEBIOAN  FRATERNITY.  808 

FIRST  MEETING  OF  THE  FBATEBNITT. 

In  the  city  of  Washington,  at  12  noon,  on  December  18,  1907, 
Messrs.  Enrique  C.  Creel,  Dr.  Lxns  Anderson,  JoAQufN  Ber- 
nardo Calvo,  Lie.  Antonio  Batres  Jauregui,  Victor  Sanchez 
OcANA,  Pr.  Luis  Toledo  Herrarte,  Dr.  Policarpo  Bonilla,  E. 
Constantino  Fiallos,  Dr.  Angel  Ugarte,  Dr.  Jose  Madriz,  Dr. 
Luis  Felipe  Corea,  Dr.  Salvador  Gallegos,  Federico  Mejia, 
and  Dr.  Salvador  RodrIguez  Gonzalez,  assembled  in  the  Inter- 
national Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  for  the  purpose  of  hold- 
ing the  first  meeting  of  the  Central  American  Fraternity  organized 
by  act  of  the  14th.    The  following  action  was  taken: 

First.  Mr.  Enrique  C.  Creel  was  unanimously  elected  President 
of  the  Central  American  Fraternity,  and  immediately  entered  upon 
the  discharge  of  his  duties. 

Second.  The  president  appointed  Dr.  Jos6  Madriz,  secretary  of 
the  Fraternity,  and  the  latter  immediately  entered  upon  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties. 

Third.  On  motion  of  the  president  a  committee  was  appointed, 
composed  of  Drs.  Madriz  and  Fiallos,  to  draft  the  by-laws  of  the 
Fraternity. 

Fourth.  On  motion  of  Dr.  Bonilla,  Mr.  Creel  was  added  to  the 
committee. 

Fifth.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Anderson,  Mr.  Creel  was  unanimously 
declared  Ufe  President  of  the  Central  American  Fraternity,  and  the 
following  gentlemen  were  elected  Honorary  Presidents  of  the  same : 
His  Excellency  Elihu  Root  and  His  Excellency  Ignacio  Mariscal, 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  Mexican  States. 

Sixth.  Messrs.  Ugarte  and  Corea  having  stated  that  the  Hon. 
Robert  Bacon,  First  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United 
States,  had  signified  his  ^^aUingness  to  become  an  active  member  of 
the  Central  American  Fraternity,  he  was,  on  motion  of  President 
Creel,  unanimously  declared  a  member.         ^ 

Seventh.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Anderson  it  was  agreed  to  appoint 
the  chairman  of  the  delegations  to  the  Peace  Conference  as  Special 
Commissioners  to  work  in  behalf  of  the  organization  of  the  Frater- 
nity in  their  respective  countries. 

Eighth.  On  motion  of  the  President  the  following  persons  in 
Mexico  were  appointed  members  of  the  Central  American  Fraternity : 

(A  list  to  follow.) 

Ninth.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Ugarte  it  was  agreed  that  each  delega- 
tion should  propose  at  the  next  meeting  the  names  of  the  persons 
that  should  be  appointed  active  members  in  their  respective  coun- 
tries, without  prejudice  to  the  provisions  contained  in  the  by-laws 
and  regulations  concerning  the  admission  of  new  members. 


804     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Tenth.  The  president  appointed  a  commission  composed  of 
Messrs.  Corea  and  MejIa,  to  deUver  to  His  Excellency  Elihu  Root 
his  appointment  as  Honorary  President. 

Eleventh.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Anderson  it  was  agreed  to  organize 
a  Permanent  Committee  of  the  Fraternity  in  Washington,  wliich 
should  be  composed  of  Messrs.  Creel,  Buchanan,  and  the  five 
Ministers  of  the  Central  Anxerican  Republics  resident  in  that  city. 

Twelfth.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Batres  Jauregui  a  vote  of  thanks 
was  given  to  Mr.  Creel  for  his  great  interest  and  kind  efforts  in 
behalf  of  Central  America. 

Thirteenth.  On  motion  of  Mr.  SAnchez  Ocana,  Mr.  John  Barrett 
was  appointed  an  active  member  of  the  Fraternity. 

Fourteenth.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Cruel,  Mr.  Andrew  Cabneoie 
was  appointed  an  honorary  member  of  the  Fraternity. 
The  meeting  adjourned  at  1:30  p.  m. 

Enrique  C.  Creel, 

President. 
Jos£  Madriz, 

Secretary. 

BY-LAWS  OF  THE  CENTBAIi  A3CEBICAN  FBATEBNITY. 

CONrKRNlNO   THE   NAME    AND    OBJECT   OF  THE   FRATERNFTY. 

AuTKn.K  1.  The  name  of  the  association  is  the  Central  American 
Fmtontity. 

AuT.  2.  Its  object  is  of  a  social  and  scientific  character,  and  the 
prii\cipal  purpose  of  its  labors  shall  be  to  promote  the  peace,  harmony, 
aiul  priigress  of  Central  America;  to  render  still  closer  its  relation 
with  Mexico,  the  United  States  of  America,  and  other  countries,  and, 
gtMU> rally,  to  proclaim  the  principles  emmciated  in  the  conventions 
of  tlie  Central  American  Peace  Conference  of  Washington. 

CONCERNING  THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  THE  FRATERNFTY. 

Art.  3.  There  shall  be  a  Governing  Board  of  Directors  or  Dele- 
gates in  each  of  the  capitals  of  the  following  countries:  Costa  Rica, 
Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  El  Salvador,  the  United  States  of 
America,  and  the  United  Mexican  States. 

The  government,  management,  and  administration  of  the  Fra- 
ternity shall  be  in  charge  of  said  Delegates  or  Governing  Boards  of 
Directors,  elected  separately  in  their  respective  coxmtries  by  secret 
ballot,  and  composed  of  seven  members  each.  The  term  of  service 
shall  be  three  years,  and  immediately  after  appointment  the  Board 
shall  elect  from  among  its  members  a  president,  vice-president, 
treasurer,  and  secretary. 


CENTRAL  AMERICAN  FRATERNITY.  305 

Art.  4.  Each  Board  of  Directors  shall  make  a  propaganda  in  its 
own  country,  and,  to  that  end,  shall  hold  social  meetings,  give  lec- 
tures, issue  publications,  and  fulfill  all  the  functions  provided  by  the 
charter  and  by-laws  of  the  Fraternity. 

Art.  5.  The  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  continue  in 
this  capacity  even  after  the  term  of  three  years,  unless  they  have 
been  replaced  by  the  election  of  other  persons. 

Art.  6.  In  case  of  vacancies  in  any  of  the  Boards  of  Directors 
they  shall  be  filled  by  electing  from  among  the  members  of  the  Fra- 
ternity new  members  who  shall  fulfill  their  functions  until  the  next 
regular  meeting. 

Art.  7.  Five  members  shall  make  a  quorum  of  the  Board  of  Direct- 
ors or  Delegates. 

Art.  8.  The  Board  of  Directors  established  in  Mexico,  Federal 
District,  shall,  further,  have  the  character  of  a  Central  Executive 
Board  and  shall  have  charge  of  the  general  management  of  all  matters 
of  the  Central  American  Fraternity. 

Art.  9.  The  Boards  of  Directors  shall  hold  meetings  every  three 
months,  and  whenever  the  President  of  each  shall  so  decide,  shall 
call  a  regular  meeting  at  least  once  a  year,  as  well  as  special  meetings, 
as  provided  for  in  article  10. 

Art.  10.  Whenever  a  majority  of  the  Presidents  of  the  Boards  of 
Directors  so  agree,  or  when  the  Life  President  decides  concerning  the 
holding  of  a  special  meeting,  the  Central  Executive  Board  shall  pub- 
lish the  call,  stating  the  date,  place,  and  hour  of  the  meeting,  without 
prejudice  to  such  publication  as  the  Board  of  Directors  of  each  coun- 
try may  deem  proper  to  make. 

Art.  11.  The  several  Boards  of  Directors  shall  periodically  report 
to  the  Central  Executive  Board  the  result  of  their  work,  as  well  as  the 
names  and  residences  of  the  new  members;  they  shall  forward  such 
official  and  private  publications  as  may  be  of  interest  to  the  Fra- 
ternity, and,  in  general,  shall  furnish  all  such  news  as  may  be  utilized 
in  order  to  make  known  the  natural  wealth  of  Central  America,  its 
material  progress,  and  its  intellectual  advancement. 

CONCERNING   THE   PRESIDENT   AND    VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Art.  12.  The  President  or,  in  his  absence,  the  Vice-President  of  a 
Delegation  shall  preside  over  the  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors, 
and  the  regular  meetings  of  the  Fraternity,  except  when  the  Life 
President  or  Delegate  is  present.  In  the  absence  of  said  officials,  the 
members  present  shall  designate  a  president  pro  tempore. 

Art.  13.  The  President  shall  conduct  the  discussions  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  and  of  the  regular  meetings,  endeavoring  to  main- 

29039— Bull.  2—08 5 


306      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

tain  perfect  harmony  among  the  officers  and  members,  and  shall 
cause  the  provisions  of  the  rules  and  regulations  to  be  complied  with. 
In  general,  the  President  shall  be  the  legal  and  genume  representa- 
tive of  the  Fraternity,  and,  together  with  the  Secretary,  shall  sign 
the  correspondence  and  all  official  documents. 

CONCERNING  THE  TREASURER. 

Art.  14.  The  duties  of  the  Treasurer  are: 

(a)  To  receive  all  the  funds  entering  the  Treasury  of  the  Frater- 
nity; to  have  custody  of  the  same,  and  to  pay  all  bills  checked  by 
the  Board  of  Directors  and  approved  by  the  President  with  his  O.  K. 

(h)  To  keep  a  register  of  the  members. 

(c)  To  keep  the  necessary  books  and  properly  enter  the  accounts 
therein. 

(d)  To  present  to  the  Board  of  Directors  at  its  regular  meeting  a 
summary  of  the  state  of  the  Treasury. 

(e)  To  present  to  the  regular  meeting  a  detailed  statement  of  the 
receipts  and  expenditures,  and  the  financial  condition  of  the  Delega- 
tion. 

if)  To  deliver  to  liis  successor,  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office,  the  funds,  books,  papers,  documents,  vouchers,  and  any  other 
property  of  the  Fraternity  in  his  custody. 

CONCERNING    THE    SECRETARY. 

Art.   15.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary: 

(a)  To  draft  and  sign  the  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  and  of  the  regular  meetings  of  the  members,  which  shaU 
also  be  signed  by  the  President. 

(b)  To  keep  in  due  form  the  books  necessary  for  this  purpose. 

(c)  To  have  custody  of  the  archives,  and  to  attend  to  the  corre- 
spondence. 

(d)  To  call  the  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  also  the 
regular  and  special  meetings  of  the  members. 

(e)  To  keep  a  register  of  the  members. 

(/)  To  furnish  to  the  Treasurer  the  names  of  the  elected  members, 
and  all  such  data  as  may  be  useful  for  the  making  up  of  the  accounts. 

(g)  To  keep  and  fix  the  seal  of  the  Fraternity. 

(h)  To  audit,  with  two  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  the 
accounts  of  the  Treasiu-y  every  six  months,  or  oftener,  should  the 
Board  of  Directors  deem  advisable. 

(0  To  deliver  to  his  successor  on  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office,  all  the  books,  papers,  documents,  and  any  other  property  of 
the  Fraternity  under  his  charge. 


OENTEAL  AMERICAN  FBATEBNITY.  807 

CONCERNING   THE    MEMBERS. 

Art.  16.  There  are  two  classes  of  members — active  and  honorary. 
Active  members  shall  pay  a  monthly  quota  of  50  cents,  in  United 
States  money,  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Directors  in  the 
coimtries  where  they  reside.  Honorary  members  are  exempt  from 
this  payment. 

Art.  17.  Such  active  members  as  fail  to  pay  their  respective 
quotas  for  three  successive  months  shall  forfeit  their  membership 
in  the  Fraternity. 

Art.  18.  Both  active  and  honorary  members  may  be  of  any 
nationality,  and  have  the  same  right  to  speak  and  vote  in  the  regu- 
lar and  special  meetings. 

Art.  19.  At  the  meetings  of  a  Board  of  Directors  or  Delegates,  on 
motion  of  any  of  the  members,  new  members  may  be  admitted,  pro- 
vided a  majority  of  the  members  so  decide  in  secret  ballot.  Both  in 
the  regular  and  special  meetings,  the  election  of  new  active  mem- 
bers shall  be  carried  by  a  majority  vote,  in  the  same  manner,  on 
motion  of  any  of  the  members. 

Art.  20.  Both  active  and  honorary  members  shall  be  boimd  to 
make  the  propaganda  of  the  program  and  principles  of  the  Fra- 
ternity. 

Art.  21.  Members  shall  attend  both  the  regular  and  special 
meetings,  and  shall,  from  time  to  time,  endeavor  to  bring  about 
social  meetings  in  order  to  keep  alive  and  promote  the  spirit  of  this 
Association. 

Art.  22.  On  motion  of  any  Board  of  Directors,  or  general  meeting, 
the  Central  Executive  Board  may  appoint  as  honorary  members 
such  persons  as  may  have  distinguished  themselves  in  their  public 
or  private  careers  and  who  may  be  an  honor  to  the  Fraternity. 

Art.  23.  Each  member  shall  immediately  communicate  in  writ- 
ing to  the  Secretary  any  change  that  may  take  place  in  his  domicile 
or  address. 

Art.  24.  A  copy  of  these  by-laws  shall  be  sent  to  each  member 
when  he  is  advised  in  writing  of  his  appointment. 

Art.  25.  Members  are  entitled  to  a  badge  which  shall  bear  the 
following  motto:  "Fratemidad  Centroamericana.''  This  badge 
shall  be  deUvered,  together  with  a  diploma,  the  text  of  which  shall 
be  determined  by  the  Central  Executive  Board. 

Art.  26.  Members  shall  regard  the  wearing  of  said  badge  at 
public  functions  as  an  honor,  and  may  use  daily  a  blue  and  white 
button  as  a  symbol  of  the  old  flag  Central  American  Federation. 


808      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 
CONCERNING    GENERAL   MEETINGS. 

Art.  27.  Regular  meetings  shall  be  held  at  least  once  a  year;  the 
first,  on  April  1,  1908,  and  subsequent  ones  on  the  first  fortnight  of 
January  of  each  year.  The  other  meetings  called  shall  be  held  on 
such  date  as  the  Boards  of  Directors  may  fix. 

Art.  28.  Special  meetings  shall  take  place  whenever  the  Presi- 
dents of  the  seven  Boards  of  Directors  shall  so  decide,  or  when  the 
Life  President  shall  call  them. 

Art.  29.  At  the  meetings  each  member  shall  have  one  vote,  and 
the  decisions  reached  shall  be  by  majority  votes. 

Art.  30.  Regular  meetings  shall  be  presided  over  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  special  meetings  shall  be  pre- 
sided over  by  the  Life  President,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  latter  by 
the  person  to  whom  he  may  delegate  said  power. 

Art.  31.  At  the  general  meetings  the  President  shall,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Assembly,  appoint  a  Secretary  and  an  Assistant  Sec- 
retary. 

Art.  32.  Both  at  the  regular  and  special  meetings  such  reports 
as  may  have  been  received  from  the  Boards  of  Directors  shall  be 
read,  as  also  any  report  presented  by  the  Central  Executive  Board 
and  by  the  members. 

The  authors  or  secretaries  shall  also  read  such  hterary  or  scientific 
papers  as  the  members  may  submit  for  the  purpose  of  enhancing 
the  success  and  prestige  of  said  meetings. 

Art.  33.  The  minutes  of  the  general  meetings  shall  be  signed  by 
the  President  and  Secretary  and  shall  be  published  in  the  Annual 
of  the  Central  American  Fraternity. 

CONCERNING    THE   LIFE    PRESIDENT. 

Art.  34.  By  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  charter  members  Mr, 
Enrique  C.  Creel  was  made  Life  President  of  the  Central  American 
Fraternity. 

Art.  35.  The  duties  of  the  Life  President  are: 

(a)  To  act  as  President  ex  officio  at  all  meetings  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  and  at  all  regular  or  special  meetings  at  which  he  may  be 
present. 

(6)  To  delegate  his  representation  as  President  to  any  member  of 
the  Fraternity. 

(c)  To  appoint  Delegates  to  scrv^e  on  special  committees  in  all 
countries  where  the  Central  American  Fraternity  is  established. 

((/)  To  prescribe  all  provisions  of  a  general  character  that  tend 
to  secure  the  best  organization,  maintenance,  and  progress  of  the 
Fraternity. 


CKNTBAL  AMERICAN  FRATERNITY.  309 

GENERAL   PROVISIONS. 

Art.  36.  The  Central  Executive  Board  shall  publish  an  Annual  in 
which  shall  be  stated  the  work  done  by  each  Delegation,  as  well  as 
such  events  as  are  in  any  way  connected  with  the  Fraternity. 

Art.  37.  The  by-laws  may  be  amended  at  any  special  meeting  by 
a  two-thirds  vote. 

Art.  38.  Each  Board  of  Directors  shall  prepare  its  rules  and  regula- 
tions, and  may  reform  the  same  whenever  it  may  be  deemed  advisable. 

Art.  39.  On  the  recommendation  of  any  regular  or  special  meeting, 
the  Central  Executive  Board  may  grant  medals  and  badges  to  such 
persons  as  may  have  distinguished  themselves  by  their  good  services 
to  the  Central  American  Fraternity. 

Art.  40.  On  the  request  of  ten  members  residing  in  other  coxmtries, 
the  Board  of  Directors  to  whom  said  petition  is  made  shall  be  entitled 
to  organize  new  Delegations,  which  shall  act  in  conformity  with  the 
constitution  and  by-laws,  and  also  in  accordance  with  their  own  rules 
and  regulations. 

Approved  at  the  session  of  December  21,  1907,  held  in  the  City  of 
Washington  by  the  charter  members,  and  at  the  session  of  the  per- 
manent committee  of  the  Fraternity  held  on  January  13,  1908. 

Enrique  C.  Creel, 

President 
Jose  Madriz, 

Secretary. 

President  of  the  Central  American  Fraternity,  His  Excellency 
Enrique  C.  Creel,  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary 
of  the  United  Mexican  States. 

Honorary  President,  His  Excellency  Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

His  Excellency  Ignacio  Mariscal,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United 
Mexican  States. 

Honorary  members  of  the  Central  American  Fraternity:  Mr. 
Andrew  Carnegie,  of  the  United  States;  Hon.  William  I. 
Buchanan,  of  the  United  States;  Mr.  Jose  D.  Gamez,  of  Nicaragua; 
Lie.  Juan  Berrios  M.,  of  Guatemala;  Gen.  Dionisio  Glti^rrez, 
of  Honduras;  Lie.  Jose  Astua  Aguilar,  of  Costa  Rica;  Dr.  Manuel 
E.  Araujo,  of  Salvador. 

Charter  members  of  the  Central  American  Fraternity:  His  Excel- 
lency Enrique  C.  Creel,  of  Mexico;  Hon.  William  I.  Buchanan,  of 
the  United  States,  Dr.  Luis  Anderson,  of  Costa  Rica;  Mr.  JoaquIn 
Bernardo Calvo,  of  Costa  Rica;  Lie.  Antonio  Batres  Jauregui,  of 
Guatemala;  Mr.  Victor  Sanchez  Ocana,  of  Guatemala;  Dr.  Luis 
Toledo  Herrarte,  of  Guatemala;  Dr.  Policarpo  Bonilla,  of  Hon- 
duras; Mr.    E.    Constantino    Flaxlos,  of    Honduras;  Dr.    Angel 


310      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Ugarte,  of  Honduras;  Dr.  Jose  Madbiz,  of  Nicaragua;  Dr.  Luis 
Felipe  Corea,  of  Nicaragua;  Dr.  Salvador  Gallegos,  of  Salvador; 
Mr.  Federico  Mejia,  of  Salvador;  Dr.  Salvador  Rodriguez  G.,  of 

Salvador. 

FIRST  PAN-AMERICAN  SCIENTIFIC  CONGRESS. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Fourth  Latin- American  (First  Pan- 
American)  Scientific  Congress  has  announced  the  committees  on 
propaganda  appointed  for  each  of  the  American  Republics. 

The  committee  for  the  United  States  consists  of  Prof.  Leo  S. 
RowE,  University  of  Pennsylvania;  Prof.  William  R.  Shepherd, 
Columbia  University;  William  Herbert  Hobbs,  Michigan;  John 
Barrett,  Director  of  the  International  Bureau  of  American  Repub- 
lics; Albert  Shaw,  New  York;  William  Morris  Davis  and  Charles 
Sargent,  Massachusetts ;  representatives  of  the  Universities  of  Cali- 
fornia, Chicago,  Columbia,  Cornell,  Greorge  Washington,  Harvard, 
Illinois,  Johns  Hopkins,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Pennsylvania,  Prince- 
ton, Texas,  Wisconsin,  and  Yale. 

The  following  are  the  bases  and  programme  of  the  Congress: 

Bases  and  program  of  the  Fourth  Scientific  Congress  (First  Pan- 
American)  which  meets  in  Santiago  on  the  1st  day  of  December,  1908. 

Article  1.  In  accordance  with  the  resolutions  of  the  Third  Latin 
American  Scientific  Congress  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  a  Fourth  Scientific 
Congress  (First  Pan-American)  will  meet  in  the  City  of  Santiago,  in 
the  month  of  December,  1908,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government 
of  Chilp. 

The  Congress  will  open  on  the  first  of  said  month  of  December,  and 
adjourn  ten  days  thereafter. 

Art.  2.  The  work  of  organization  and  procedure  of  the  Fourth 
Congress  shall  be  in  charge  of  an  Executive  Committee  composed: 
First,  of  members  appointed  by  the  Third  Congress  at  the  full  session 
held  on  August  16,  1905;  second,  of  members  elected  by  the  said 
committee. 

Art.  3.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  elect  the  officers  of  the 
Congress,  composed  of  a  President,  two  Vice-Presidents,  a  General 
Secretary,  one  or  two  Assistant  Secretaries,  a  Treasurer,  and  an 
Assistant  Treasurer. 

There  shall  also  be  interpreters,  clerks  for  the  Secretary's  office,  and 
such  other  employees  as  may  be  deemed  necessary. 

Said  committee  shall  appoint  such  Honorary  Presidents  as  it  may 
deem  advisable. 

Art.  4.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  be  subdivided  into  Sub- 
committees, each  of  which  shall  be  compased  of  a  chairman  and  two 
members  selected  by  said  Executive  Committee. 


FIRST   PAN-AMERICAN    SCIENTIFIC    CONGRESS.  311 

Art.  5.  The  duties  of  the  Executive  Committee  are: 

1.  To  arrange  for  the  Fourth  Congress  and  to  represent  it  with  the 
Chilian  Government,  the  Universities,  and  other  national  and  foreign 
corporations. 

2.  To  appoint,  at  the  capitals  of  the  American  States,  committees 
whose  duties  shall  be  to  cooperate  in  the  holding  of  the  Congress,  to 
prepare  the  list  of  the  persons  to  be  invited  to  participate  in  its  pro- 
ceedings, to  procure  an  adequate  representation  from  the  several 
countries,  and  to  suggest  such  questions  as,  because  of  their  evident 
American  interest,  should  be  submitted  to  Congress. 

3.  To  authorize  disbursements  and  to  approve  accounts  before 
being  presented  to  the  proper  accounting  authority. 

4.  To  prepare  the  final  questions  to  be  propounded  in  accordance 
with  the  reports  presented  by  the  subcommittees. 

5.  To  prepare  a  list  of  names  of  the  members  of  the  Congress,  in 
conformity  with  the  provisions  of  article  10. 

6.  To  appoint  such  spokesmen  as  may  be  necessary  to  set  fortli 
before  the  proper  sections  the  status  of  the  question  on  such  official 
topics  as  the  executive  board  may  consider  of  special  interest. 

Art.  6.  After  the  election  of  the  officers  of  the  Congress  the 
aforesaid  committee  shall  cease  to  exercise  its  functions,  but  shall 
reassume  them  upon  the  adjournment  of  the  Congress.  It  shall  then 
have  charge  of  the  publication  of  such  papers  as  may  have  been  sub- 
mitted, and  shall  sufficiently  authorize  the  members  of  such  new 
committee  as  may  be  appointed  to  arrange  for  the  Fifth  Scientific 
American  Congress. 

Art.  7.  The  subcommittees  referred  to  in  article  4  shall  corre- 
spond to  an  equal  number  of  sections  of  the  Congress,  and  shall  be 
the  following: 

1.  On  pure  and  applied  mathematics. 

2.  On  physical  sciences. 

3.  On  natural  and  anthropological  sciences. 

4.  On  engineering. 

5.  On  medical  science  and  hygiene. 

6.  On  juridical  science. 

7.  On  social  science. 

8.  On  the  sciences  of  pedagogy  and  of  philosophy. 

9.  On  agronomy  and  zootechnics. 

Each  subcommittee  may  be  subdivided  into  two  or  more  com- 
mittees when  deemed  necessary,  and  two  or  more  subcommittees  may 
become  a  single  committee. 

Art.  8.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  subcommittee — 

1.  To  prepare  a  list  of  the  questions  to  be  propounded  to  the 
proper  section. 

2.  To  prepare  a  list  of  the  members  of  the  same. 


312     INTEBNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAN   REPUBLICS. 

3.  To  receive  and  classify  such  statements,  studies,  and  communi- 
cations as  are  sent  to  the  section,  and  to  designate  the  reporting 
member  thereof,  who  shall  inform  the  Congress  of  the  views  of  the 
committee  concerning  the  conclusions  adopted  by  it. 

4.  To  see  that  a  report  is  made  of  the  papers  sent  the  committee, 
and  which  papers  are  not  to  be  read  by  their  authors. 

5.  To  organize  the  proper  section. 

6.  To  receive  the  papers  from  the  proper  section  and  prepare  them 
for  publication. 

Art.  9.  A  preliminary  session  of  the  Congress  shall  be  held  within 
three  days  of  its  formal  opening,  in  order  to  approve  rules  and  regu- 
lations for  the  Congress  and  to  select  the  final  officers  thereof. 

The  officers  of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  preside  at  these  pre- 
liminary meetings. 

Art.  10.  The  following  persons  shall  be  regarded  as  members  of 
the  Congress : 

1.  The  official  delegates  of  the  countries  represented. 

2.  The  delegates  of  the  universities,  institutes,  societies,  and  scien- 
tific centers  of  the  countries  represented  as  well  as  of  other  countries 
of  America. 

3.  Such  persons  as  attend  the  Congress  invited  by  the  Executive 
Committee,  on  motion,  or  at  the  request  of,  the  proper  subcommittees 
or  of  the  committees  of  the  different  countries. 

4.  The  supporters  of  the  Congress  who  contribute  with  the  quota 
of  £1  sterling,  and  who  are  accepted  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

Art.  11.  All  the  members  of  the  Congress  shall  be  entitled  to  attend 
its  sessions,  to  take  part  in  the  debates,  and  to  receive  a  copy  of  such 
publications  as  the  Executive  Committee  may  issue. 

Art.  12.  Before  the  proper  membership  card  is  issued  the  payment 
of  the  quota  referred  to  an  paragraph  4  of  article  10  shall  be  made  to 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Executive  Committee,  after  the  proper  advice  of 
the  General  Secretary  or  of  the  respective  subcommittees. 

Art.  13.  Of  the  full  sessions  held  by  the  Congress,  the  opening 
and  the  closing  sessions  shall  be  formal  ones. 

The  subcommittees  shall  hold  separately  such  meetings  as  they 
may  deem  necessary  for  the  discussion  of  the  matters  submitted  to 
them. 

Art.  14.  Such  Americans  as  have  become  prominent  in  the  field 
of  science  may  be  appointed  honorary  members  of  the  Fourth  Con- 
gress whenever  the  Executive  Committee  deem  proper  to  confer  this 
honor  upon  them. 

Art.  15.  Papers  for  the  Congress  shall  be  received  as  late  as  Sep- 
tember 30,  1908. 

Authors  of  papers  not  forwarding  the  same  in  due  time  should 
forward  the  titles  thereof  to  the  General  Secretary  within  the  time 
speciiied. 


FIB8T  PAN-AMERICAN    SCIENTIFIC    CONGRESS.  313 

Art.  16.  Each  subcommittee  shall  designate  at  the  proper  time 
the  places,  institutions,  or  special  establishments  to  be  visited  by 
the  members  of  the  Congress  and  shall  indicate  how  these  visits  are 
to  be  made. 

The  Executive  Committee. 

In  connection  with  the  programme  a  letter  from  the  presiding  officer 
of  the  Executive  Committee  to  Professor  Rowe  is  published  below : 

''  Santiago,  Chile,  July  3,  1907, 
''ToMr.  L.  S.  Rowe, 

'^  President  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  aivd  Social  Science 
and  Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 
**My  Dear  Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Fourth  Scientific  Congress  (First  Pan-Ameri- 
can Scientific  Congress),  at  a  session  held  yesterday,  unanimously 
passed  the  following  resolution: 

^'^Be  it  resolved.  That  in  view  of  the  Pan-American  character  of 
the  Fourth  Scientific  Congress  which  is  to  assemble  in  Santiago, 
Chile,  on  the  1st  of  December,  1908,  the  Executive  Committee 
respectfully  requests  Mr.  L.  S.  Rowe,  President  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Sciences  and  Professor  of  Political 
Science  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  to  confer  with  the  Govern- 
ing Board  of  the  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  and  with  the 
Director  of  the  Bureau  with  a  view  to  ascertaimng  to  what  extent 
the  Fourth  Scientific  Congress  may  be  able  to  facilitate  the  work  of 
the  Fourth  Pan-American  Conference  which  is  to  meet  in  1910.' 

*'The  committee  furthermore  requests  Mr.  Rowe  to  confer  with 
the  authorities  of  the  universities  in  the  United  States  in  order  to 
secure  their  cooperation  in  the  work  of  the  First  Pan-American 
Scientific  Congress  (Fourth  Scientific  Congress). 
''Signed  by  the  Executive  Committee: 

''Valentin  Letelier,  President, 

"Manuel  Ejidio  Ballesteros,  Vice-President, 

"Eduardo  Poirier,  General  Secretary. 

"AuGUSTO  Vicuna  S.,  Assistant  Secretary, 

"Alejandro  Alvarez. 

"Diego  Barros  Aran  a. 

"Alejandro  Beltran. 

"Miguel  Cruchaga. 

"Luis  Espojo. 

"Jose  Ramon  Gutierrez. 

"Anselmo  Hevia  Riquelme. 

"Vicente  Iyquierdo. 

"OcTAVio  Maira, 

"Marcial  Martinez, 

"Domingo  V.  Santa  Maria. 

"Miguel  Varas. 


314      INTERNATIONAL.   BUEEAU   OP   THE   AMEBICAN   REPUBLICS. 

''The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Congress  is  deeply  conscious  of 
the  efficient  cooperation  which  you  can  render,  inspired,  as  you  are, 
by  the  most  elevated  ideals  of  fraternity  between  the  countries  of  the 
American  continent. 

''Your  cooperation  constitutes  for  the  Committee  an  assurance  that 
nothing  will  be  left  undone  to  promote  an  interest  in  the  United  States 
in  the  work  of  the  Congress,  thus  contributing  considerably  toward 
the  success  of  its  labors.  We  are  convinced  that  this  cooperation  \\iH 
mean  a  step  forward  in  the  solution  of  those  important  problems  wliich 
are  of  interest  to  all  the  countries  of  America,  and  will  strengthen  the 
bonds  of  friendship  that  exist  between  them. 

"I  beg  you  to  accept  the  assurances  of  my  distinguished  considera- 
tion. 

''Very  sincerely,  yours, 

"  (Signed)  Valentin  Letelieb, 

^^  President 
"Eduardo  Poirier, 

' '  General  Secretary,^ ' 


THE   UNITED   STATES   FLEET   FROM   RIO   TO 

CALLAO. 

After  a  stay  of  nine  days  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  the  United  States  battle- 
ship fleet,  under  the  command  of  Rear- Admiral  R.  D.  Evans,  reviewed 
by  President  Penna  and  escorted  out  of  the  harbor  by  the  Brazilian 
war  slii})s,  on  January  22,  1908,  following  the  liveliest  manifestations 
of  good  will  by  the  Brazilian  people  and  authorities,  and  having 
exchanged  fmal  salutes,  steamed  on  its  way  toward  the  Strait  of 
Magellan  and  next  stop  at  Punta  Arenas.  Four  days  later,  on  the 
morning  of  the  26th,  the  fleet  came  into  communication  by  radio- 
graph with  the  Argentine  squadron  under  the  command  of  Admiral 
IIiPOLiTA  Oliva,  sent  by  President  Figueroa  Alcorta  as  a  special 
compliment  to  meet  and  escort  the  United  States  fleet  on  the  high 
seas.  Later  in  the  day  the  fleet  was  joined  by  Admiral  Oliva's 
squadron  which  escorted  it  during  the  night  and  part  of  the  next  day. 
Courtesies  and  salutes  were  exchanged.  On  taking  leave  on  January 
27,  the  Argentine  squadron  steamed  twice  around  the  United  States 
fleet  and  then  bore  away  bearing  the  thanks  of  Admiral  Evans  to  the 
Argentine  Government  for  this  most  cordial  greeting  and  the  goiKl 
will  displayed  toward  the  Navy  and  people  of  the  United  States  in 
sending  its  war  ships  to  meet  the  fleet. 

Meanwhile  the  torpedo  flotilla,  under  the  command  of  Ijieut.  11.  I. 
Cone,  which  left  Rio  de  Janeiro  Januarj'  21,  arrived  at  Buenos  .^Vires 
on  the  26th,  escorted  by  the  Argentine  flotilla  which  had  been  sent  i^ut 
to  meet  it.     Four  days  were  spent  in  the  Argentine  capital,  during 


T^B    UNITED   STATES    FLEET    FROM    BIO    TO    CALLAO.  315 

which  every  attention  and  courtesy  was  shown  to  the  United  States 
naval  officers  and  sailors  by  the  authorities  and  the  people  of  Buenos 
Aires.  Lieutenant  Cone  and  his  officers  were  on  January  27  received 
by  President  Figueroa  Alcorta,  by  Senor  Estanislao  S.  Zeballos, 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Admiral  Onofre  Betbeder,  Minister  of 
the  Navy,  and  General  Rosendo  M.  Fraga,  Minister  of  War. 

On  the  same  day  President  Figueroa  Alcorta  sent  the  following 
message  to  President  Roosevelt: 

"To  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
Theodore  Roosevelt,  Washington: 
"I  have  to-day  received  with  the  greatest  pleasure  the  visit  of  the 
officers  of  the  United  States  torpedo  flotilla.  While  the  two  divisions 
of  the  larger  squadrons  exchange  salutes  on  the  high  seas  in  the  name 
and  in  honor  of  the  two  Republics,  the  nation  and  the  authorities  in 
testimony  of  the  respect  and  good  will  which  this  visit  inspires  toward 
the  American  people  and  their  distinguished  President  are  manifest- 
ing in  rivalry  their  affection  for  the  glorious  navy  of  the  Union.  In 
most  cordially  thanking  your  Excellency  for  sending  the  flotilla  to 
Buenos  Aires  I  renew  to  your  Excellency  the  expression  of  the  deep 
and  inalterable  sympathy  of  the  Argentine  Republic  for  the  United 
States  of  America  and  for  its  distinguished  chief.  With  best  wishes 
for  your  Excellency's  happiness  and  a  successful  voyage  for  the 
Pacific  squadron. 

^^  Figueroa  Alcorta, 
^^ President  of  the  Argentine  Reimhlicy 

Seflor  Zeballos  on  the  same  day  sent  the  following  message  to 
Secretary  Root: 
^^To  the  Secretary  of  State,  Elihu  Root,  Washington: 

**I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  in  my  oilice  the  oflicers  of  the 
American  torpedo  flotilla.  This  visit,  celebrated  with  lively  sym- 
pathy by  the  people  and  by  the  authorities,  brings  to  mind  ])leasant 
recollections  of  Mr.  Root's  voyage  to  South  America.  The  Argen- 
tine Republic  and  its  government  profoundly  acknowledge  the  sin- 
cere friendship  of  Mr.  Root,  frequent  proofs  of  which  he  has,  before 
and  after  that  memorable  voyage,  given  to  them.  These  new  testi- 
monials of  international  cordiality  coincide  with  a  noteworthy  eco- 
nomical fact.  Trade  between  our  two  countries,  whose  increase  has 
been  and  is  the  constant  aim  of  the  two  chancelleries,  rose  in  1907 
to  the  unprecedented  sum  of  forty  millions  of  dollars.  Thus  a  new 
era  of  prosperity  for  the  relations  of  the  two  friendly  Republics  is 
assured.  With  best  wishes  for  the  well-being  of  the  American  nation, 
for  the  health  and  happiness  of  its  distinguished  Secretary  of  State, 
and  that  propitious  winds  and  calm  seas  may  bear  the  Pacific  squad- 
ron to  its  country's  coast. 

'*E.  S.  Zeballos^ 
'*  Minisiex  o1   Foreigu  R(V  iVou^T 


316      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

To  these  messages  of  courtesy  and  good  will  the  following  replies 
were  made : 

"Washington,  January  29,  1908, 
"His  Excellency  President  Alcorta, 

^^ Buenos  Aires: 
"I  have  been  greatly  gratified  to  receive  your  cordial  message  in  re- 
gard to  the  visit  of  the  torpedo  boats  and  have  been  especially  touched 
by  the  evidences  of  friendly  good  will  shown  in  the  exchange  of  naval 
courtesies  and  in  the  welcome  granted  to  our  officers  and  men  by  the 
Government  and  people  of  your  country.  With  nations  as  with 
individuals  such  kindly  amenities  are  very  potent  in  strengthening  the 
bonds  of  friendship,  and  all  the  people  of  the  United  States  greatly 
desire  this  as  between  them  and  the  people  of  Argentina. 

"Theodore  Roosevelt." 

"Washington,  January  29,  1908, 
"His  Excellency  Se&or  Zeballos, 

^^  Minister  Relaciones  Exteriores,  Buenos  Aires: 
"Your  telegram  dated  the  27th  reached  me  with  some  delay.  I 
hasten  to  assure  Your  Excellency  of  the  deep  appreciation  which  tliis 
Government  and  people  feel  for  the  warm  reception  extended  to  our 
visiting  torpedo  flotilla.  I  am  especially  gratified  at  your  Excellency's 
cordial  remembrance  of  my  visit  in  1906,  and  I  am  glad  to  believe 
that,  besides  the  great  personal  pleasure  it  afforded  me,  it  has  helped 
to  show  tlie  intimate  friendship  of  the  two  peoples  and  to  strengthen 
their  mutual  desire  for  beneficial  intercourse.  With*  the  kindest  per- 
sonal regards. 

"Elihu  Root, 
^^  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States.' ' 

The  battle-ship  fleet  was  sighted  by  the  Chilean  authorities  on 
January  30  off  Cape  Virgins,  and  on  February  1  it  steamed  into  the 
harbor  at  Punta  Arenas.  The  Chilean  cruiser  CTi<icabuco  with  Admiral 
Simpson,  of  the  Chilean  Navy,  Mr.  John  IIicks,  United  States  Min- 
ister to  Chile,  and  other  dignitaries  on  board,  was  in  port  to  meet 
the  fleet.  Admiral  Simpson,  who  is  Vice  Mhiister  of  the  Navy,  was  on 
special  mission  from  his  Government  to  welcome  Admiral  Evans,  his 
ofiiccrs  and  men,  on  behalf  of  the  Government  of  Chile.  The  torpedo 
flotilla,  which  left  Buenos  Aires  on  January  30,  arrived  at  Punta 
Arenas  on  February  4.  The  fleet  and  the  flotilla  remained  in  the 
harbor  until  the  night  of  February  7,  when  they  proceeded  westward 
through  the  strait  preceded  by  the  Cliacahuco, 

During  their  stay  in  Punta  Arenas  every  attention  was  shown  by 
the  Chileans  under  the  direction  of  Admiral  Simpson,  who,  on  Feb- 
ruary 2,  gave  a  dinner  on  board  the  Cli<icahuco  to  the  oflicers  of  the 


TRAVEL   ROUTES    AND    CONDITIONS    IN   SOUTH   AMERICA.       317 

fleet.  Visits  of  ceremony  were  exchanged  with  the  Chacabuco,  the 
English  cruiser  SappJiOy  which  was  in  the  harbor,  and  with  the  officials 
of  the  port.  A  ball  was  given  in  honor  of  the  occasion  by  the  United 
States  Consular  Agent  Moritz  Braun,  and  a  reception  attended  by 
over  four  hundred  guests  was  given  by  Governor  Chaigneau,  of  the 
Territory  of  Magellan,  to  the  visiting  Americans. 

After  passing  the  strait  the  fleet  turned  northward,  and  on  Febru- 
ary 14  arrived  opposite  the  city  of  Valparaiso.  Here  elaborate  prepa- 
rations had  been  made  for  a  review  of  the  fleet  by  President  Pedro 
MoNTT  on  board  the  Baquedano,  attended  by  his  Cabinet  and  other 
officials  of  the  Chilean  Government  and  of  the  city  of  Valparaiso.  In 
r^ard  to  the  event  Mr.  John  Hicks,  United  States  Minister,  sent  the 
following  dispatch  to  the  State  Department: 

''Review  of  the  American  fleet  by  President  Montt  this  afternoon 
was  grand  success.  Led  by  Chacdbuco,  battle  ships  single-filed  into 
harbor,  out  again.  On  reaching  fort  at  entrance  of  harbor  whole  fleet 
fired  simultaneous  salute,  and  when  passing  in  review  Chilean  war 
ship  Baquedano,  containing  Presidential  party,  each  ship  fired  twenty- 
one  guns  separately.  Day  was  holiday,  weather  perfect,  thousands  of 
people  lined  hills,  and  shipping  in  harbor  was  decorated  with  bunting. 

"As  fleet  went  out  of  sight  I  received  Marconi  message  from  Admiral 
Evans,  stating  all  well,  and  sending  message  of  thanks  to  President 
Montt.*' 

.  Admiral  Evans  sent  the  following  message  to  Admiral  Simpson  on 
board  the  Chacabuco: 

'*The  commander  of  the  Atlantic  Fleet  begs  you  to  convey  to  Presi- 
dent MoNTT,  in  the  name  of  liimself,  his  ofl^cers,  and  men,  the  appre- 
ciation of  the  honor  he  has  done  them  by  revie\ving  the  fleet  ofl"  Valpa- 
raiso. To  this  I  add  expressions  of  my  personal  regard,  and  I  hope  I 
will  have  the  pleasure  of  meeting  you  again.  I  send  you  my  good 
wishes." 

Admiral  Simpson  replied  as  follows: 

**  Thank  you.  I  am  instructed  to  convey  to  you  the  personal  thanks 
of  President  Montt  for  your  good  wishes.  I  and  my  oflicers  all  join 
in  wishing  Admiral  Evans  and  the  officers  of  the  American  Fleet  a 
hearty  farewell  and  a  successful  and  prosperous  voyage.'' 

The  messages  subsequently  exchan<i:e(l  between  Presidents  Monti' 
Roosevelt  will  be  published  in  the  March  Bulletin. 


TRAVEL   ROUTES    AND    CONDITIONS    IX    SOUTH 

AMERICA. 

The  Bureau  is  constantly  receiving  letters  from  all  parts  of  the 
world  asking  specific  questions  about  routes  and  conditions  of  travel 
in  South  America.    Among  the  many  represeivlalVvft  \xckfcTv^^\i%  ^Vq> 


318      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

have  recently  visited  South  America  Ls  Mr.  Lee  McCluno,  the 
Treasurer  of  Yale  University.  In  response  to  the  request  of  the 
Director  of  the  Bureau  he  has  suppUed  the  Bulletin  with  the 
following  memorandum.  Of  course  it  is  understood  that  the  Bureau 
assumes  no  responsibility  for  the  views  and  comment  of  Mr.  McCluno, 
as  they  express  simply  his  personal  impressions. 

MEMORANDUM  BEGABDING  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

The  round  trip  from  New  York  to  and  around  South  America, 
excluding  the  north  coast,  can  be  made  in  three  months.  Such  a 
trip,  involving  about  15,000  miles  sea  travel,  must  necessarily,  though, 
be  hurried  and  superficial,  and  to  that  extent  unsatisfactory. 

During  the  summer  of  1907  the  writer  made  the  trip,  via  Europe,  in 
98  days.  This  permitted  a  stop-over  between  steamers  in  two  cases 
only,  viz,  Rio,  Brazil,  and  MoUendo,  Peru.  In  every  other  case  the 
first  steamer  sailing  was  invariably  taken.  Of  the  98  days  en  route, 
53  were  spent  wholly  at  sea;  35  were  wholly  on  land;  and  10  were 
partly  on  sea  and  partly  on  land. 

The  35  days  on  land  were  spent  as  follows:  3  in  Europe,  8  in  Rio, 
2  in  Montevideo,  6  in  Buenos  Aires,  1  in  Concepcion,  2  in  Santiago, 
1  in  Valparaiso,  7  in  Southern  Peru  and  Bolivia,  including  Arequipa, 
Lake  Titicaca,  and  La  Paz,  3  in  Lima,  1  in  Panama,  and  1  in  Kingston, 
Jamaica. 

Of  the  1 0  days  partly  on  water  and  partly  on  land,  the  points 
touched  included Corufia,  Spain;  Lisbon,  Portugal;  St.  Vincent,  Cape 
Verde  Islands;  Santos-San  Paulo,  Brazil ;  Punta  Arenas  in  Magellan 
Strait;  Iquique,  Chile;  Pisco,  Peru;  and  Salaverry-Trujillo,  Peru. 

It  is  only  fair  to  say  that,  while  the  short  stops  at  the  points  named 
proved  exceedingly  interesting,  it  was  provoking  at  times  to  be  de- 
prived of  longer  stays  and  to  miss  other  things  that  were  so  near  at 
hand.  As  instances  I  may  cite  that  lack  of  time  prevented  my  seeing 
anything  of  the  interior  of  Brazil  or  Argentina;  of  visiting  the  opera 
or  the  races  in  Santiago;  of  witnessing  a  bull  fight  at  Lima  or  else- 
where; and  of  seeing  La  Paz  with  its  picturesquely  costumed  Indians 
on  a  Sunday  or  other  Feast  day.  In  fact  the  only  one  Sunday  of  the 
entire  trip  which  I  spent  wholly  on  land  was  at  Rio;  and  yet  Sundays 
are  the  gala  days,  and  are  regarded  in  general  as  the  most  interesting 
days  throughout  Latin  America.  Then  the  making  of  close  steamer 
connections  at  Panama  unfortunately  prevented  any  stop  whatever 
on  the  Canal  Zone,  and  consequently  any  inspection  of  the  Canal. 

Naturally  special  trips  such  as  that  up  the  Amazon,  that  from 
Buenos  Aires  up  to  the  grand  falls  of  the  Yguassu,  Argentina,  or 
that  by  one  of  the  smaller  German  steamers  through  the  beautiful 
Smyths  Channel  on  the  west  coast  of  Chile,  are  not  possible  in  a  short 
hurried  tour  around  South  America. 


TBAVSL   ROUTES    AND    CONDITIONS   IN   SOUTH    AMERICA.        319 

The  entire  ninety-eight  days'  trip  above  referred  to  involved  travel 
of  nearly  18,000  miles  on  sea  and  over  2,000  miles  by  land.  The  total 
expenses  from  departure  to  return,  including  the  best  transportation 
and  hotel  accommodations  obtainable,  but  of  course  excluding  unnec- 
essary purchases  and  pictm-e  taking,  aggregated  about  $1,250. 

There  is  a  direct  steamship  line  (Lamport  &  Holt  Line)  from  New 
York  to  Rio,  with  monthly  sailings  about  the  5th  of  each  month. 
Time  of  passage,  eighteen  or  nineteen  days,  with  stops  south-bound  at 
Pemambuco  and  Bahia.  The  steamers  Byron  and  Tennyson  have  a 
tonnage  of  nearly  4,000  and  are  reported  by  those  who  have  traveled 
on  them  as  being  roomy  and  comfortable.  From  New  York  to  Rio, 
via  Southampton  and  The  Royal  Mail  Steamship  Company  Line,  or 
Liverpool  and  the  Pacific  Steam  Navigation  Company  Line,  can  be 
made  in  about  twenty-five  or  twenty-six  days.  This  route,  though 
requiring  a  week  longer  in  transit  and  being  somewhat  more  expen- 
sive, of  course,  permits  of  the  enjoyment  of  fine  Atlantic  steamers  to 
Eiu^ope  and  first-class  steamers  to  South  America.  These  latter 
steamers  range  in  tonnage  from  10,500  down  and,  as  a  rule,  are  large, 
comfortable,  and  serve  a  good  table.  This  route  via  Europe  also  per- 
mits short  stop-overs  at  such  places  as  Coruiia,  Spain,  Lisbon,  Portu- 
gal, and  St.  Vinfcent,  Cape  Verde  Islands,  etc.,  in  addition  to  stops  at 
Pemambuco  and  Bahia,  Brazil. 

Of  the  steamship  lines  from  Europe  perhaps  the  most  popular  is  the 
Royal  Mail,  whose  boats  operate  weekly  (with  occasional  lapses)  from 
Southampton,  England.  The  sailing  day  is  Friday.  The  Pacific 
Steam  Navigation  Company  has  biweekly  service  (Thm-sdays)  from 
Liverpool.  The  time  consumed  by  the  boats  of  these  two  lines  is 
about  the  same,  i.  e.,  eighteen  or  nineteen  days  to  Rio.  A  few  days 
saving  of  time  may  be  effected  by  taking  the  steamer  at  one  of  the 
lower  European  ports  en  route,  such  as  Rochelle,  France,  or  Lisbon, 
Portugal.  The  North  German  Lloyd  has  a  service  to  South  America, 
but  its  sailings  are  apparently  infrequent  and  slower  and  far  less 
popular.  There  is  an  Italian  line  operating  over  to  Buenos  Aires, 
and  I  understood  that  it  gives  good  service,  but  I  had  no  personal 
experience  with  it  whatever. 

At  Rio  there  are  several  first-class  hotels.  Perhaps  the  most  de- 
lightful to  stop  at  is  The  International  on  Santa  Theresa,  with  an 
altitude  of  about  1,200  feet  and  halfway  up  the  line  to  Corcorvado, 
from  which  point  is  to  be  had  the  finest  view  of  Rio's  beautiful  har- 
bor. The  prices  at  this  hotel  are  reasonable;  average  cost  of  meals 
and  lodging  about  $4  (United  States  money)  a  day.  The  best  hotel 
down  town  in  Rio  is  doubtless  the  Estranjeros.  I  believe  the  prices 
in  this  hotel  are  somewhat  higher  than  those  obtaining  at  the  Inter- 
national. 


320      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBUCS. 

From  Rio  to  Santos  is  a  day's  trip  by  steamer  either  local  or 
through.  The  through  steamers  as  a  rule  stop  only  a  part  of  a  day, 
which  renders  a  side  trip  to  Sao  Paulo  impracticable.  Such  trip,  howY 
ever,  is  sometimes  made.  At  Sao  Paulo  the  best  hotel  is  the  Sports- 
man's, located  in  the  center  of  the  town.  The  railroad  journey  from 
Rio  to  Sao  Paulo  is  a  long  night's  ride,  and  I  was  given  to  imderstand 
that  it  was  not  only  expensive  but  uninteresting  and  very  dusty,  with 
a  change  of  cars  necessary  at  a  very  eariy  hour  in  the  morning. 

From  Santos  to  Montevideo  is  three  days  by  steamer.  Apparently 
the  best  hotel  at  Montevideo  is  The  Oriental,  about  three  blocks  from 
the  docks. 

A  large  portion  of  the  passenger  business  between  Rio-Santos  and 
Montevideo  seems  to  be  in  connection  with  either  The  Royal  Mail  or 
The  Pacific  Steam  Navigation  Line.  The  boats  of  the  former  run  up 
the  La  Plata  River  to  Buenos  Aires,  but  the  boats  of  the  latter  remain 
anchored  in  the  harbor  of  Montevideo  and,  instead  of  going  up  to 
Buenos  Aires,  proceed  on  their  way  around  through  Magellan  Strait 
to  Valparaiso.  These  boats,  which  sail  biweekly  from  Liverpool,  make 
continuous  passage  to  Valparaiso;  distance,  9,882  miles;  time,  five  to 
six  weeks. 

There  is  a  nightly  local  boat  service  between  Montevideo  and 
Buenos  Aires,  via  the  Mihanovitch  Line.  The  trip  consumes  twelve 
hours  or  more. 

At  Buenos  Aires  there  are  perhaps  Uterally  dozens  of  hotels,  pre- 
sumably good,  bad,  and  indifferent.  The  best  two  undoubtedly  are 
The  Palace  and  The  Grand.  These  two  hotels  it  is  claimed  are  the 
only  steam  heated  hotels  in  Buenos  Aires.  They  are  expensive  and 
the  prices  for  lodging  and  board  range  from  $6  a  day  upward  to  $10 
and  $15. 

I  consider  Rio  and  Buenos  Aires  the  most  expensive  places  to  live 
in  which  I  have  ever  been. 

The  Pacific  Steam  Navigation  Company  has  biweekly  service  from 
Montevideo  to  Valparaiso  via  the  Magellan  Strait;  alternate  steamers 
stopping  at  the  Falkland  Islands.  The  steamers  via  Falkland  Islands 
consume  about  thirteen  days,  while  the  other  steamers  consume  about 
eleven  days. 

Instead  of  proceeding  by  water  all  the  way  to  Valparaiso  an  inter- 
esting diversion  is  to  leave  the  steamer  at  Talcahuano,  Chile,  238  miles 
south  of  Valparaiso  and  only  an  hour's  railroad  ride  from  Concepcion, 
and,  after  a  day  or  two  at  Concepcion,  to  make  the  daylight  railroad 
journey  from  that  point  to  Santiago.  The  scenery  of  the  Andes  all 
along  the  route  is  beautiful  and  interesting  in  the  extreme.  The  cost 
of  railroad  travel  in  Chile  is  very  cheap,  averaging  hardly  more  than 
a  cent  a  mile.  The  service,  including  that  on  antiquated  Pullman 
cars,  18  not  first  class. 


TRAVEL   ROUTES    AND   CONDITIONS   IN   SOUTH   AMERICA.       821 

At  Santiago  undoubtedly  the  best  hotel  is  The  Grand,  which  is 
steam  heated  and  comfortably  provided  with  bathing  facilities.  The 
prices  are  reasonable,  i.  e.,  $4  or  $5  a  day.  The  service  and  table  are 
first  class.     Formerly  the  best  hotel  was  The  Oddo,  but  it  is  not  to-day. 

The  railroad  journey  from  Santiago  to  Valparaiso  is  about  *five 
hoiu^,  and  the  trip  is  interesting  and  the  scenery  at  times  beautiful. 

At  Valparaiso  the  best  hotel  is  The  Royal.  On  clear  days  the  peak 
of  Aconcaqua,  94  miles  distant,  may  be  clearly  seen. 

The  steamship  service  between  Valparaiso  and  Panama  is  only  fair. 
There  are  two  companies,  The  Pacific  Steam  Navigation  Company  and 
the  Sud  Americana,  a  Chilean  Une.  The  two  companies  apparently 
work  in  close  harmony  and  together  purport  to  maintain  a  weekly  service 
between  the  two  termini  and  in  addition  a  weekly  service  between 
Valparaiso  and  Eten,  Peru.  The  service,  therefore,  to  and  from 
ports  between  Valparaiso  and  Eten  is  semiweekly.  All  of  this,  how- 
ever, is  to  a  certain  extent  theoretical,  as  the  service  is  very  uncertain 
and  erratic.  There  is  certainly  one  steamer  ( Victoria  of  the  P.  S. 
N.  C.)  having  a  tonnage  of  6,000,  and  there  may  possibly  be  others. 
There  are  none,  I  beUeve,  larger,  but  a  great  many  smaller.  Most  of 
them  are  comfortable,  with  a  fairly  good  table  which,  however,  grows 
monotonous  after  a  short  while. 

The  different  ports  on  the  west  coast  are  more  or  less  alike.  The 
boats  stop  at  these  ports  from  a  few  hours  to  two  or  three  days, 
anchoring  in  the  open  roadstead.  Stops  at  important  points  like 
Antofagasta,  Iquique,  Chile,  etc.,  are  generally  of  about  one  day's 
duration.  This  permits  passengers  to  go  ashore  for  the  purpose  of 
getting  a  superficial  idea  of  the  different  towns. 

At  Callao,  the  port  for  Lima,  Peru,  and  6  miles  distant  therefrom, 
the  stop  is  generally  about  three  days. 

The  entire  distance  from  Valparaiso  to  Panama  is  3,115  miles  and 
the  through  steamers  usually  make  the  trip  in  about  twenty-three 
days.  This  is  subject  to  variations.  The  captains  seem  to  figure  on 
about  ten  days  from  Valparaiso  to  Callao  and  ten  days  from  Callao 
to  Panama.  Considering  a  stop  at  Callao  averaging  about  three 
days,  the  time  for  the  entire  trip  would  be  about  twenty-three  days. 

At  MoUendo,  Peru,  the  best  hotel  is  The  Ferro-Carril ;  second  best, 
"4th  of  July."  The  railroad  journey  from  Mollendo  to  Arequipa 
(102  miles)  consumes  about  six  hours.  The  service  is  daily.  At 
Arequipa  the  best  hotel  is  Pablos's;  the  next  best  is  The  Grand  Cen- 
tral. The  railroad  service  from  Arequipa  to  Puno  on  Lake  Titicaca 
(211  miles)  is  triweekly  and  consumes  about  twelve  hours  of  the  day- 
time. The  boat  service  across  Lake  Titicaca  ( 134  miles)  accommo- 
dates itself  to  the  railroad  connection,  and  the  time  consumed  in 
steaming  from  Puno  to  Guaqui  is  about  fifteen  hours.  From  Guaqui 
2903»-Bull.  2—08 6 


822      INTEBNATIONAL   BXJBEAU   OP   THE   AMERICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

to  La  Paz  (80  miles)  is  by  railroad,  and  consumes  three  to  four 
hours. 

At  La  Paz  perhaps  the  best  hotel  is  the  Annex  to  the  Guibert.  It 
is  possible  to  make  the  round  trip  from  MoUendo  to  La  Paz  in  a  week, 
but  this  requires  very  close  connections  and  permits  of  an  unsatis- 
factorily short  stay  at  La  Paz,  as  well  as  at  Arequipa.  It  also  does 
not  permit  a  trip  to  Cuzco,  which  is  spoken  of  as  the  most  interesting 
town  in  South  America.  While  a  railroad  is  being  constructed  to 
Cuzco,  there  is  still  an  unfinished  Unk  of  about  66  miles  from  a  point 
called  Checacupe,  which  is  the  present  end  of  a  branch  Une  142  miles 
from  JuUaca,  which  in  tirni  is  32  miles  from  Puno  on  Lake  Titicaca. 
Over  the  unfinished  Unk  from  Checacupe  to  Cuzco  about  two  days 
each  way  are  consiuned  in  traveling  by  stage.  From  Arequipa  a 
very  interesting  trip  is  that  up  El  Misti,  which  is  19,200  feet  altitude 
and  which  may  be  cUmbed  entirely  upon  mule  back.  The  trip  can 
be  made  in  two  whole  days  from  Arequipa,  but  naturally  it  is  a  hard 
and  tedious  journey. 

At  Lima  the  best  hotel  is  the  Maury.  It  has  two  or  three  "  annexes." 
From  Lima  the  trip  up  the  Oroya  Railroad  may  be  made  in  two  days. 
The  service  is  tri-weekly  and  the  journey  up  to  Oroya  (138  miles)  is 
made  in  one  day  and  the  return  journey  is  made  in  the  next.  It  is 
possible  to  go  from  Oroya  to  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Mines  via  the  mining 
company^s  railroad  on  the  same  day  that  one  goes  from  Lima  to  Oroya, 
but  arrival  at  the  mines  is  in  the  night,  and  of  course  nothing  of  the 
workings  can  then  be  seen.  A  stop-over  is  therefore  very  inviting  if 
time  permits. 

At  Guayaquil,  Ecuador,  the  steamers  anchor  out  in  the  river  for 
one  or  two  days,  but  through  passengers  are  not  allowed  to  go  ashore 
on  account  of  quarantine  regulations.  The  railroad  from  Guayaquil 
to  Quito  is  not  yet  completed,  but  is  within  40  miles  of  Quito  and  imder 
construction,  and  when  completed  will  be  288  miles  long.  It  is  a  two 
days'  journey  from  Guayaquil  to  Quito. 

At  Panama  the  best  hotel  is  The  TivoU.  The  railroad  line  from 
Panama  to  Colon  is  48  miles  in  length,  and  the  journey  consimies  about 
three  hours  in  the  making. 

There  is  frequent  service  from  Colon  to  New  York  via  the  Royal 
Mail  Steamsliip  Company  Line,  the  Hamburg-American  Line,  or  the 
Panama  Steamsliip  Company  Line.  The  boats  of  the  former  two 
stop  en  route  at  Kingston,  Jamaica,  and  make  the  trip  in  about  seven 
days.  The  last-named  Une  makes  the  journey  uninterrupted  to  New 
York  in  about  six  days. 

In  all  there  were  seven  steamer  stages,  as  it  were:  New  York  to 
France,  France  to  feio,  Rio  to  Montevideo,  Montevideo  to  Valparaiso, 
Valparaiso  to  MoUendo,  MoUendo  to  Panama,  Panama  (Colon)  to 
New  York. 


TBAVBL   BOOTES   AND    OOKDITIOKS    IN    SOUTH    AMERICA.       828 
NOTES   BY  MRS.    WRIGHT. 

Mrs.  Marie  Robmson  Wright,  the  noted  authoress  of  books  on  Latin 
^Vmerica,  was  asked  by  the  Bureau  to  submit  a  memorandum  based 
on  her  experiences.    This  is  given  below  in  the  form  prepared  by  her: 

"Lloyd  Brazileiro  Company:  Steamers  leave  the  Bush  docks,  foot 
of  Forty-fifth  street,  Brooklyn,  twice  monthly,  calling  at  Barbados 
(6  days),  Para  (12  days),  Maranhao  (15  days),  Ceara  (18  days), 
Pemambuco  (21  days),  smaller  ports  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (30  days 
from  New  York) . 

"Lamport  and  Holt  Line:  Steamers  leave  Fulton  Ferry,  Brooklyn, 
twice  monthly,  the  5th  and  20th,  calling  at  Bahia  (16  days),  Rio  de 
Janeiro  (18  days),  Santos  (19  days).  The  steamer  leaving  on  the 
20th  proceeds  farther  south  to  Montevideo  and  Buenos  Aires  (21 
days  from  New  York). 

"The  Prince  Line:  Steamers  leave  twice  monthly  for  Bahia,  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  Santos,  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires,  and  Rosario. 

"Booth  Line:  Steamers  leave  twice  monthly,  proceeding  from  New 
York  to  Barbados  (5  days).  Para  (11  days),  Manaos  (16  days),  and 
Ceara. 

'/Steamers  from  New  York  to  the  West  Indies,  Venezuela, -Colom- 
bia, and  Panama  connect  with  steamship  lines  on  the  west  coast  of 
South  America  (one  week). 

"The  Panama  Railway  Steamship  Company:  Steamers  leave  New 
York  weekly  for  Colon  direct,  passengers  for  the  west  coast  of  South 
America  crossing  the  Isthmus  by  rail  (3  hours)  to  Panama,  where 
steamers  of  the  Pacific  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  the  Com- 
pafkla  Sul- Americana  makes  connections  to  convey  them  to  Guayaquil, 
Ecuador  (5  days);  to  Callao,  Peru  (10  days);  Mollendo,  Peru  (15 
days),  at  which  latter  point  passengers  disembark  to  go  by  rail  to  La 
Paz,  BoUvia;  to  Antofagasta,  which  is  the  Chilean  seaport  for  pas- 
sengers and  freight  from  Oruro  and  southern  Bolivia  (18  days); 
Coquimbo  (19  days),  and  Valparaiso  (21  days).  At  Valparaiso  con- 
nections may  be  made  to  continue  the  journey  to  southern  Chilean 
ports  of  Talcahuano  (1  day),  Coronel,  Lota,  Valdivia  (3  days),  and 
the  Straits  of  Magellan  (1  week  from  Valparaiso). 

*' Royal  Mail  Steam  Packet  Company  has  weekly  sailings  from  New 
York  to  Jamaica,  Panama,  and  the  ports  of  Trinidad,  etc.  The  same 
company  has  steamers  from  Southampton  to  these  ports  and  a  service 
weekly  from  Southampton  to  the  ports  of  Pemambuco  (14  days), 
Bahia  (15  days),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (17  days),  Santos  (18  days),  Monte- 
video (20  days),  and  Buenos  Aires  (21  days). 

"The  Pacific  Steam  Navigation  Company  has  weekly  sailings  from 
Liverpool  to  Pemambuco,  Bahia,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Montevideo,  Buenos 
Aires,  Straits  of  Magellan  (Punta  Arenas),  and  Valparaiso,  making 
practically  the  same  time  as  the  Royal  Mail  steamers. 


824     INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

"The  Red  D  Line  has  sailings  twice  monthly  from  New  York  to 
parts  of  Venezuela,  Colombia,  and  the  West  Indies. 

"The  Hamburg- American  and  Hamburg-South  American  lines  have 
steamers  from  New  York  to  Jamaica,  Colombia,  Costa  Rica,  Colon, 
Pemambuco,  Maceio,  Bahia,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Santos,  and  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul;  also  a  service  between  Europe  and  these  ports,  the  European 
line  being  equipped  with  large  modem  steamers  that  call  not  only 
at  Brazilian  ports  but  also  at  Montevideo  and  Buenos  Aires. 

''The  following  hotels  are  among  those  of  known  repute  in  the  vari- 
ous cities  mentioned: 

"Manaos,  Hotel  Casino;  Para,  Hotel  da  Paz;  Maranhao,  Hotel  Cen- 
tral; Pernambuco,  Hotel  Van  Landes;  Bahia,  Hotel  Sul  Americano; 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  Hotel  dos  Estranjeiros,  Hotel  Intemacional  (subur- 
ban), and  White's  Hotel  (also  suburban);  Sao  Paulo,  Rotisserie 
Sportsman;  Montevideo,  Oriental;  Buenos  Aires,  Grand  Hotel  and 
Palace  Hotel;  Valparaiso,  Royal  Hotel;  Santiago,  Hotal  Francis  and 
Hotel  Oddo;  Coquimbo,  Hotel  Central;  Iquique,  Hotel  Gran  Cen- 
tral; Mollendo,  Buena  Vista;  La  Paz,  Gran  Hotal  Guibert;  Lima, 
Hotal  Maury." 


ADDRESS  ON  THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  SOUTH 

AMERICA. 

In  an  interesting  lecture  delivered  by  Mr.  William  E.  Cxjktis, 
former  Director  of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Repub- 
lics, before  the  students  of  the  George  Washington  University  on 
February  6,  1908,  contrast  was  forcibly  drawn  between  the  present 
and  past  conditions  prevailing  throughout  Latin  America.  The 
awakening  of  commercial  and  industrial  activity  was  noted  and 
the  United  States  was  urged  to  a  more  lively  participation  in  this 
movement. 

In  a  total  foreign  trade  of  approximately  $2,000,000,000  reported 
for  Latin  America,  the  share  of  the  United  States  is  at  present  about 
one-fourth,  the  figures  for  1906  being  $520,000,000.  For  the  last 
calendar  year  (1907)  an  increase  to  $558,279,201  is  noted,  but  Mr. 
Curtis  does  not  consider  that  the  possibilities  in  the  case  are  by 
any  means  reached. 

Among  the  various  causes  assigned  for  the  failure  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States  to  capture  and  maintain  an  absolutely  commanding 
position  in  the  markets  to  the  south,  tlie  insufficiency  of  communi- 
cation faciUties  was  especially  emphasized.  The  movement  toward 
the  establishment  of  complete  reciprocity  in  trade  relations  between 
the  two  sections  was  sketched  from  its  inception  during  the  admin- 
istration  of  President  Abthub  to  the  notable  visit  of  Secretary  Root 


BUGAB  PBODUOTION   OF  LATIK   AMERICA.  325 

in  the  summer  of  1906,  and  the  work  of  the  Bureau  of  the  American 
Republics  in  the  furtherance  of  a  satisfactory  status  was  favorably 
comimented  on.  A  better  understanding  of  social  and  economic 
conditions  has  also  been  brought  about  by  the  interchange  of  visits 
on  the  part  of  scientific  and  literary  men  and  by  the  work  of  United 
States  engineers  and  mining  experts  in  developing  the  latent  resources 
of  Latin  America.  German  preeminence  in  the  commercial  and 
industrial  life  of  many  of  the  Republics  was  noted  and  the  methods 
employed  for  the  attainment  of  this  end  were  outlined. 

The  $300,000,000  imports  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  from 
Latin  America  quoted  for  1906  by  Mr.  Curtis  increased  during  1907 
by  $17,000,000,  and  exports  which  in  the  former  period  aggregated 
$220,000,000   also   advanced   by   $20,000,000,   so   that   the  general    • 
trend  of  trade  relations  is  undoubtedly  toward  development. 

As  is  well  known  the  bulk  of  imports  from  Latin  America  by  the 
United  States  consists  of  raw  products,  including  coffee,  cacao,  sugar, 
tobacco,  fruits,  etc.  In  coffee  alone,  out  of  total  imports  valued  at 
something  over  $71,000,000,  nearly  $69,000,000  represent  purchases 
from  Latin  America.  Over  one-third  of  the  cacao  used  in  the  various 
chocolate  preparations  of  the  coimtry  during  1907  came  from  South 
America,  while  Cuban  raw  sugar  formed  practically  the  total  of  the 
3,872,221,473  pounds  received,  and  tobacco  from  the  same  source 
covered  one-half  of  the  total  imports,  valued  at  $24,310,048. 

What  was  characterized  as  a  "  triangular  ^^  trade  condition  between 
North  and  South  America  was  also  the  subject  of  unfavorable  com- 
ment on  the  part  of  the  lecturer,  as  moneys  paid  by  the  United 
States  for  native  South  American  products  are,  in  the  main,  expended 
in  European  markets  instead  of  finding  a  natural  and  reciprocal 
value  in  a  nearer  country. 


SUGAK  PRODUCTION  OF  LATIN  AMERICA. 

''The  BraziUan  Review"  for  December  3,  1907,  publishes  a  table 
showing  the  production  of  sugar  in  various  sections  of  Latin  America 
in  conjunction  with  the  extra-European  output.  The  figures  for 
1907-8  are  estimates  only,  but  are  reproduced  as  a  basis  of  comparison 
with  the  production  of  the  preceding  year : 


Central  America 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Cuba 

Haiti  and  the  Dominican  Republic. 

Mexico 

Fbtu 


Tons. 


1907-8. 

1906-7. 

24.000 

19,000 

120,000 

119,000 

185, 000  J 

215,000 

l,2ti0.000 

1,428,000 

60,000 

60,000 

115,000 

108,000 

145,000 

140,000 

826     INTEBNATIONAL,  BUEEAU    OF   THE   AMEBIC  AN   BEPUBUCS. 

ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

INTEBNAL  BEVENTJE  IN  1907. 

According  to  a  report  issued  on  the  2d  of  January,  1908,  by  the 
Administrator-General  of  Internal  Revenue  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic the  total  amount  of  internal  revenue  collected  during  1907  was 
43,292,359.36  pesos  paper  and  $28,012.98  gold,  as  compared  with 
39,977,524.62  pesos  paper  and  $25,861.42  gold.  The  increase  over 
1906  is  therefore  of  3,319,724.50  pesos  paper.  The  sources  of  revenue 
were  as  follows: 


Taxes  on— 

Pesos,  paper. 

1906. 

1907. 

Alcohol 

16,615,860.84 

16,700,975.20 

3,081,804.25 

2,262.325.98 

150,352.93 

76,163.86 

403,352.31 

677, 69a  25 

16,877,057.20 
18,221.779.30 

Tobacco 

Beer 

3, 128, 39a  92 

Matches 

3,390.047.68 
ie7,776L«6 
100,331.14 
568,548.41 
820.448.65 

Playing  cards 

Be  ve  rase  8                                                    . 

Insurance 

Patent  medicines , - . 

Total 

39,977,62462 

43,292,350136 

POSTAL  AND  TELEGBAPH  SEBVICE  IN  1907. 

The  following  statistics  cover  the  movement  of  the  postal  and 
telegraph  services  of  the  Argentine  Republic  during  the  year  1907: 

Up  to  December  31,  1907,  the  total  number  of  offices  established 
throughout  the  Republic  was  2,138,  distributed  as  follows:  Federal 
capital,  52;  Provinces — Buenos  Aires,  581;  Santa  Fe,  297;  Cordoba, 
309;  Entre  Rios,  132;  San  Luis,  76;  Mendoza,  71;  San  Juan,  36; 
Santiago  del  Estero,  81;  Corrientes,  66;  Tucunian,  81;  Salta,  66; 
Catamarca,  54;  Jujuy,  33;  La  Rioja,  47;  Northern  Territories,  32; 
Southern  Territories,  124. 

The  postal  movement  amounted  625,330,960  pieces  of  mail  mat- 
ter, showing  an  increase  of  73,316,063  pieces  over  the  previous  year. 
As  the  population  of  the  Republic  is  6,190,300  the  average  in  said 
general  movement  would  be  101  pieces  per  capita. 

The  number  of  registered  letters  and  parcels,  the  value  of  which 

.  was  declared  in  the  central  post  post-office,  amounted  to  73,263 

pieces,  valued  at  $5,260,068.29.     The  movement  of  postal  money 

orders  was:    Internal,  issued,   $8,491,507.37;  international,  issued, 

$254,219.68;  international,  paid,  $209,213.50. 

The  number  of  telegraphic  dispatches  transmitted  through  the 
national  lines  during  the  year  was  10,420,012. 

On  December  31,  1907,  there  were  engaged  in  the  services  re- 
ferred to  9,251  employees. 

The  revenues  from  both  services  were  as  follows:  Posts,  $7,578,- 
180.27;  telegraphs,  $2,255,374.90;  total,  $9,833,555.17;  increase 
over  1906,  «746,96L76. 


ABGENTINE   REPUBLIC.  827 

BAHiBOAD  EXPLOITATION  IN  1907. 

A  r£6um6  of  railroad  operations  in  the  Argentine  Republic  dur- 
ing 1907,  as  issued  by  ^'La  Prensa^'  of  Buenos  Aires  for  January  1, 
1908,  estimates  the  total  length  of  line  in  exploitation  by  the  last 
day  of  December,  1907,  as  22,003.6  kilometers  (13,672  miles),  of 
which  1,443.9  (911.64  miles)  kilometers  were  put  into  service  dur- 
ing the  course  of  th5  year.  The  above  total  does  not  include  second- 
ary lines  and  roads  constructed  for  the  benefit  of  temporary  enter- 
prises, which  would  account  for  492.3  kilometers  more,  making  a 
grand  total  of  22,495  kilometers. 

The  total  cost  of  operating  these  lines  was  $87,952,600  gold,  with 
reported  profits  of  $33,326,600,  while  the  total  invested  capital  is 
$671,688,874. 

Broad  gauge  (1,676  meters)  lines  aggregate  13,933.7  kilometers, 
narrow  guage  (1,000  meters)  6,130.8,  and  medium  guage  (1,435 
meters),  1,9391  kilometers. 

In  the  first  class  are  included:  the  Andine,  482.1  kilometers; 
Buenos  Aires  Southern,  4,327.3;  Buenos  Aires  Western,  1,962.3; 
Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario,  1,996.9;  Central  Argentine,  1,830.1; 
Buenos  Aires  and  Pacific,  1,677.6;  Argentine  Great  Western,  802.8; 
Bahia  Blanca  and  Northwestern,  854.6. 

^he  narrow  gauge  lines  are:  Northern  Central,  1,715.4  kilometers; 
Argentine  Northern,  758.5;  Santa  Fe,  1,680.3;  Central  Cordoba, 
northern  section,  884.6;  Central  Cordoba,  eastern  section,  208.8; 
Argentine  Northwestern,  196.1;  Cordoba  and  Rosario,  288.9;  Cor- 
doba Northeastern,  153.1;  Transandine,  175;  and  the  Chubut  Cen- 
tral, 70.1. 

Medium  gauge  lines  include:  Argentine  Northeastern,  823.2; 
Entre  Rios,  890.9;  and  the  Buanos  Aires  Central,  225. 

CONTBAOT  FOB  THE  SALE  OF  THE  ANDINE  BAILWAT. 

The  Argentine  President  sent  to  the  National  Congress  on  Decem- 
ber 13,  1907,  an  Executive  message  setting  forth  the  terms  of  a  con- 
tract signed  ad  referendum  between  the  Minister  of  Public  Works  of 
the  Republic  and  the  representatives  of  the  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario 
and  the  Central  -ATrgentine  railways. 

According  to  Article  15  of  the  contract,  the  Central  Argentine  Com- 
pany undertakes  to  buy  all  the  lines  of  the  National  Andine  Railway, 
including  the  lands,  buildings,  rolling  and  fixed  material,  materials  in 
deposit,  warehouses  or  workshops,  and  all  other  necessaries  and 
annexes  of  the  railway.  The  price  to  be  paid  is  fixed  at  $27,828,000, 
national  currency,  payable  in  eight  bills  for  equal  sums,  with  interest 
at  5  per  cent  per  annum,  to  fall  due  at  successive  periods  of  90  days. 

The  agreement  is  declared  null  and  void  unless  approved  by  the 
present  Congress  in  '*  extraordinary  session.^' 


828      INTERNATIONAL.  BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMEBIGAN   BEPUBUG8. 

The  message  sent  to  Congress  with  the  bill  states  that  the  Execu- 
tive has  encountered  difficulties  in  finding  a  solution  to  the  financial 
problem  caused  by  the  obligations  contracted  for  the  construction 
of  sundry  railway  lines.  The  total  cost  of  these  lines  and  of  the 
renewal  of  permanent  ways,  purchase  of  rolling  stock,  etc.,  amounts 
to  80,881,801  pesoSj  paper,  of  which  sum  50,617,933  pesos,  paper,  has 
been  disbursed,  leaving  a  balance  of  30,263,868  pesos,  paper,  which 
is  detailed  as  follows: 

Pesos t  paper. 

Prolongation  of  railway  to  Bolivia 1,  364, 000 

Serrezuela  to  San  Juan 3, 409,  OGO 

Chumbicha  to  Rioja,  Andalgala,  and  Tinogasta 5, 051, 222 

San  Cristobal  to  Santa  Fe 1, 524, 000 

Zuviria  to  Guachipas 374, 000 

La  Toma  to  Dolores 175,  ICO 

Ledesma  to  Embarcacion. 3, 374, 301 

Cejas  to  Antilla 3, 861, 474  * 

Bandera  to  the  Chaco 200, 000 

Bracho  to  Leales,  and  Rosario  de  Lerma  to  Rio  Blanco 740, 214 

Unforeseen  and  incidental  expenses 1, 600, 000 

Return  of  guarantees 1, 200, 000 

Renewal  of  permanent  ways,  purchase  of  rolling  stock,  provision  of  water, 

extension  of  workshops,  and  telegraphs 7, 490, 557 

Total 30,263,868 

The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  the  Andine  Railway  are  to  be  allotted 
toward  the  payment  of  the  works  enumerated  in  the  above  list. 

EXPOBTS,  FIBST  ELEVEN  MONTHS  OF  1907. 

The  principal  exports  from  the  Argentine  RepubUc  during  the  first 
eleven  months  of  the  year  1907  were  as  follows,  as  compared  with 
those  of  the  same  period  of  1906: 


Articles. 


1907. 


19(KL 


r 


Dry  ox  hltlos ! .  .number. . i 

Salt  ox  hidos do '• 

Dry  horst'  hidos do 

Salt  horw  hides do j 

Shwpskins bales. 

Hair 

Tallow 

Till  low 

OoatskinH. 
Wool. 


.pipes 

..casks. 

..bales. 

.do. 


Wheat tons. 

Maize do. . . 

LinH<H><i do . . . 

Flour do. . . 

Bran do. . . 

I'oUards bags. 

Oii-i*tH»<l  cako do. . . 

Hay bales. 

Quebracho tons. 

QiH'bracho  extract do. . . 

Butter ca.<e8. 

Carcas-ies.  mutton numl)or. 

Be«'f quarters. 

Oats tons. 


2.0(36,715 

l,47,'i,:»37 

92.974 

34,4»4 

54,125 

4,604 

25,774 

79,297 

2,196 

324.654 

2,616,876 

1,211.452 

770,763 

116.450 

174,228 

36,553 

165,*.^^ 

743,132 

293.441 

51,115 

91,710 

3,eg5,2S6 

1.601,837 

141.872 


2.614.5(18 
l..'kli..lMr> 

is.t.n 

:.i.:ui 

4.44:1 

19.1!0 

63.1^:1 

<l.737 

317.«>9 

2,216.333 

2.247.112 

114.hV> 
laH.  101 
50.31b 

1,382.H42 

2S6.K!2 

55.070 

143.412 

2.751,797 

1,855*057 


BOLIVIA.  329 

inTKIOIPAL  BUDGET  OF  BTJENOS  AIRES  FOB  1908. 

The  municipal  budget  of  Buenos  Aires  for  the  year  1908  was  ap- 
proved on  the  31st  of  December,  1907,  the  amount  appropriated  for 
expenditures  being  25,396,965  pesos,  distributed  as  follows:  Salaries, 
8,974,760  pesos)  subsidies,  1,167,200  pesos;  service  of  debt,  2,552,918 
pesos;  general  expenditures,  7,665,000  pesos;  Municipal  Commission, 
212,560  pesos,  and  extraordinary  appropriation,  4,838,207  pesos.  The 
increase  in  expenditures  over  1907  is  1,600,000  pesos,  but  in  said  year 
800,000  pesos  were  paid  in  salaries  that  did  not  appear  in  the  budget, 
so  the  increase  is  only  actually  one-half  of  the  former  sum.  The  esti- 
mate of  revenues  has  been  figured  at  24,946,850  pesos,  and  adding  to 
this  the  receipts  from  extraordinary  sources,  placed  at  2,289,794 
pesos,  the  total  revenue  for  1908  is  given  at  27,226,644  pesos,  represent- 
ing a  surplus  of  1,829,679  pesos. 


BOLIVIA. 

TIN  STTPPLY  DXJBING  1907. 

Figures  issued  by  the  New  York  Metal  Exchange  showing  the  con- 
dition of  the  tin  market  during  1907  place  Bolivia  in  the  second 
place  as  the  source  of  the  world's  supply  for  the  year. 

In  a  totdl  of  92,290  tons  received  in  Europe  and  America  the  sup- 
plies were  made  up  of  52,500  tons  from  the  Straits,  15,300  tons  from 
BoUvia,  10,890  tons  from  Banka  sales,  6,350  tons  from  Australia, 
2,150  tons  from  Billiton  sales,  and  4,900  tons  from  Cornwall.  Re- 
ceipts from  Bolivia  in  1906  amoimted  to  16,380  tons. 

The  total  consumption  of  Europe  and  America  was  93,198  tons,  of 
which  the  United  States  consumption  was  36,917.  The  London 
deUveries  were  16,697;  the  Continent  of  Europe,  21,984;  the  Corn- 
wall production— which  w^as  not  shipped  to  the  United  States — was 
consumed  in  Europe,  estimated  at  3,400  tons.  The  Bolivian  ship- 
ments deUvered  in  Europe  amounted  to  14,200  tons  as  compared 
with  13,380  in  1906. 

BXJBBEB  IN  THE  PROVINCE  OF  LABEGAJA. 

In  the  luxuriant  forests  that  cover  the  valleys  and  ravines  of  the 
large  Conzata,  Camata,  Mapiri,  Tipuani,  Mariapu,  Challana,  and 
other  less  important  rivers  of  BoUvia  are  found  a  number  of  trees, 
shrubs,  and  several  species  of  brambles  that  produce  different  kinds 
of  rubber. 

The  principal  species  of  these  rubber-producing  plants  is  the 
Tievea  brasUensis,  which  yields  the  best  quaUty  of  rubber  known  to 
commerce  at  the  present  time,  and  the  greater  mmiber  of  these 
is  found  on  the  banks  of  the  aforementioned  rivers  and  in  the 


830     INTERNATIONAL.   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

adjacent  lowlands.  The  other  species  of  rubber-producing  plants 
of  this  region  have  not  yet  been  exploited,  due  as  much  to  the  fact 
that  the  quality  of  the  rubber  obtained  therefrom  is  not  well  known 
in  commerce  as  to  the  great  scarcity  of  labor  in  this  part  of  Bolivia. 

The  number  of  rubber  trees  varies  greatly  in  the  diflFerent  rubber- 
producing  centers.  In  some  regions  as  many  as  one  himdred  trees 
are  found  to  the  hectare,  while  in  other  places  it  is  difficult  to  en- 
counter a  dozen  rubber  trees  to  the  hectare.  The  largest  number 
of  the  Tievea  brcbsilensis  grows  on  the  slopes  of  the  moimtain  ranges 
that  receive  the  direct  rays  of  the  morning  sun. 

The  center  of  the  rubber  industry  in  the  part  of  Bolivia  referred  to 
is  Sorata,  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Larecaja.  This  town  has  a 
population  of  about  2,000  inhabitants  and  is  situated  at  the  foot  of 
the  majestic  Dlimani,  one  of  the  highest  snowcapped  peaks  of  the 
Andes  range.  Sorata  is  on  the  line  of  the  commercial  route  to  north- 
western Bolivia,  and  is  a  progressive  and  enterprising  town  in  which 
living  expenses  are  relatively  cheap.  It  is  a  center  for  the  contracting 
of  laborers  for  the  gathering  of  rubber,  Bolivian  bark,  coflFee,  etc.,  and 
for  the  distribution  of  provisions  and  merchandise  to  the  inhabitants 
of  the  nearby  valleys.  The  town  is  distant  from  four  to  ten  days,  by 
mule  or  pack  animal,  from  the  rubber  plantations  or  zones. 

The  rubber  gatherers  are  furnished  the  necessary  tools,  which  they 
must  return  on  the  expiriation  of  their  contract,  and  are 'paid  from  65 
to  75  bolivianos  per  100  pounds  of  rubber  deUvered  at  the  office  of  the 
rubber  plantation  in  the  zone  in  which  they  work.  At  the  present 
price  of  rubber  in  Europe  a  quintal  of  rubber  in  Sorata  is  worth  about 
180  bolivianos. 

The  valleys  and  lowlands  in  which  the  rubber  plantations  of  the 
province  of  Larecaja  are  situated  are  capable  of  being  greatly  devel- 
oped. All  that  is  needed  is  capital  and  labor  with  which  to  exploit  the 
natural  wealth  of  the  soil.  To  illustrate  the  fertility  of  the  soil  in  the 
rubber-producing  districts  of  Bolivia  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the 
heavy  logs  placed  upon  the  ground  and  upon  which  the  palm-covered 
houses  are  built,  in  the  course  of  time  take  root,  sprout,  grow  and  cover 
with  green  leaves  these  picturesc^uc  abodes. 


BRAZIL. 

BUDGET  LAW  FOB  1008. 

The  ''Diario  Official''  of  January  1, 1908,  publishes  the  Budget  Law 
of  the  United  States  of  Brazil  for  the  fiscal  year  1008,  as  approved 
by  the  BraziUan  Congress,  in  which  the  expenditures  for  the  year 
are  fixed  at  329,470,857  milreis  paper  ($108,725,382),  and  65,625,605 
mtlreisgold  ($35,437,826.70),  making  a  total  of  $144,163,208.70.  The 


BRAZIL. 


831 


general  reyenueis  estimated  at  75,279,380  milreis  gold  ($40,650,865), 
and  258,979,900  milreis  paper  ($85,463,367),  while  the  revenue  to 
be  applied  to  special  purposes  is  estimated  at  16,214,333  milreis  gold 
($8,755,739.82),  and  12,237,500  milreis  paper  ($4,038,375),  a  total 
of  ^138,908,346.82.  The  following  are  the  sources  of  the  revenue 
estimated: 


Import  dotlea,*.. , .„ ,„. ,..., 

Light^ouM  duet ,,..„.„.... . .,...»...,.,,.„,*„..*.. 

Wtftrf  duM. ,,.,.,, ...._. 

Adilt  ioitiil  t&x  ol  ]0  p«r  cent  on  the  clwranse  of  gooda  fi^  tiom  doty. , 

20  [*r  Mut  of  tho  export  dutlM  of  tbo  acpo  tenitory ....... ........ 

InttTiia,!  revemiea .«..,...,.,,...„.........,.,,...,,.....,,„. 

Exeist;  taxf^H ^ ^ 

ExtmordiiiaTy  n?vciiuiiA. ,.,,.,.-.*,,. h ,..*..,,., ,. ^ ........ , 

P*p<?f-m<itw!;y  f^ompUan  fond , 

Paper-monev  gtiarantoo  ftind ...,*»... 

Btnldn^  fujnd  for  irdcmptlon  of  i^Iwaf  bonda 

Amortization  of  Intomal  Iohlha.  _.,..,.,...,....... *.,,., 

Port  Imprcivomont  fund 


Oc^ld. 


MUrHt. 
72,100,000 
300,000 
1^,000 


'i;2i4;7i4 


ido^poo 


0,350,000 


National 
paper. 


MUrcU. 

iae,5S0,0D0 


10,000 
2^,000 
13,000,000 
70,OM,000 
3B,l^'i-000 
10,090,000 
3,507  »500 


2<0CKl,OOO 
3,030,000 
3,700,000 


The  expenditures  are  distributed  as  follows: 


Department  of  Justice  and  the  Interior 

Department  of  Foreign  Relations 

Navy  Department 

War  Department 

Department  of  Industry,  Ways,  and  Public  Works 
Treasury  Department 


Gold. 


Milreis. 
10,700,000 

2,496,499 

8,541, 6()2 
110.000 

9,155,561 
29,180,849 


National 
paper. 

^filrei8. 
35,267,250 
1,809,800 
36,006,256 
59,817,173 
88,223,188 
89,848,818 


The  President  of  the  Republic  is  authorized  to  issue,  in  anticipation 
of  the  revenue.  Treasury  notes  to  the  amount  of  25,000,000  milreis j  to 
be  redeemed  before  the  close  of  the  year. 

Exemption  from  import  duties  is  granted  to  the  following  articles: 

1.  Agricultural  implements  and  machinery  destined  to  the  manu- 
facture and  treatment  of  agricultural  products,  also  apparatus  for  the 
manufacture  of  dairy  products  imported  direct  by  agriculturists  of 
their  respective  companies,  and  machinery  and  apparatus  for  the 
equipment  of  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  xxirque  (dried 
meat),  of  fertilizers,  and  of  cellulose  and  paper  from  the  pulp  of  the 
sugar  cane,  subject  to  the  clearance  tax  of  5  per  cent; 

2.  Drugs  and  instruments  imported  for  the  use  of  associations  or 
leagues  formed  to  combat  tuberculosis ; 

3.  Seeds  and  specimens  of  fodder  plants  employed  for  the  improve- 
ment of  cattle,  horses,  mules,  sheep  and  hogs ; 

4.  Silkworm  eggs,  swarms  of  pure-blooded  bees  and  their  hives; 
also  apparatus  used  in  bee  culture  and  the  receptacles  used  for  bee 
products,  when  imported  by  protessionals; 

5.  Material  imported  for  the  construction  of  central  sugar  mills, 
also  for  the  construction  and  extension  of  railways  «L\iA.  ^o\\i  >«Qrf«A 


332      INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

executed  by  private  concession,  being  subject  to  5  per  cent  clearance 
tax; 

6.  Stamped  tin  plates  an^  their  accessories  for  the  manufacture 
of  tins  for  butter,  lard,  bacon,  sweets  and  meats,  when  impcjjled 
directly  by  the  producers  of  these  articles,  subject  to  a  clearance  tax 
of  5  per  cent; 

7.  Material  imported  by  companies  or  individuals  who  propose  to 
undertake  the  economic  cultivation  of  coflFee,  cacao,  tobacco,  cotton, 
sugar  cane,  rice,  barley,  alfalfa,  wheat  and  animal  and  vegetable 
fibers  for  textiles,  and  establish  central  factories,  suitably  equipped, 
for  their  treatment.  The  President  of  the  RepubUc  shall  also  use 
his  influence  with  the  Federal  railway  companies  and  the  naviga- 
tion companies  subsidized  by  the  State,  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing a  reasonable  reduction  in  the  transportation  rates  on  the  products 
of  such  estabhshments; 

8.  All  machinery  and  apparatus  imported  by  the  States,-  mimici- 
pahties,  and  private  parties  for  silk  factories,  provided  that  in  the 
spinning  and  weaving  only  cocoons  of  national  production  are  used ; 

9.  At  the  request  of  the  governments  of  States,  municipalities, 
and  of  the  Federal  District,  exemption  from  import  duties  shall  be 
granted  to  material  imported  by  them  to  be  used  in  the  construction 
of  sanitation  and  improvement  works,  whether  executed  direct  by 
the  State  or  by  concession  to  private  persons,  subject  to  the  clear- 
ance duty  of  5  per  cent;  material  for  waterworks;  metallic  material 
for  sewage  systems;  material  for  paving  streets,  including  stone- 
breaking  machinery  and  the  respective  motors  and  macadamizing 
rollers;  material  for  port  and  bar  improvements;  for  the  construc- 
tion of  furnaces  for  the  incineration  of  garbage,  bridges,  lighting 
service,  railways  and  electric  tramways,  including  the  material  des- 
tined to  the  generation  of  motive  power  for  the  same;  material 
imported  for  the  use  of  correctional  colonies  and  prisons;  animals 
and  material  destined  for  the  poUce  force  and  fire  brigade;  mat^ 
rial  destined  for  laboratories;  school  furniture  and  material;  mate- 
rial for  the  pilot  service  and,  finally,  anything  of  which  the  govern- 
ments of  the  States,  of  the  municipalities,  and  of  the  Federal  Dis- 
trict may  have  immediate  need  or  use. 

Material  imported  by  the  Federal  Union  for  works  imder  its  juris- 
diction shall  also  be  admitted  free  of  duty; 

10.  Pipes  and  other  ceramic  material  required  for  sewers  in  the 
States  of  Bahia,  Ceara,  Maranhao,  Pemambuco,  Santa  Catharina, 
Aniazcmas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Parana,  in  the  city  of  Nitheroy, 
State  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  in  the  capitals  of  the  States  of  Parahyba 
and  Espirito  Santo; 

11.  Machiner}'  of  all  kinds  for  raising  water,  including  the  respeo- 
tivo  motor,  vanes,  well  pumps,  pumps,  pipes,  and  other  accessories 


BRAZIL.  838 

destined  for  the  irrigation  works  in  the  municipal  districts  of  Ceara 
and  of  other  States  which  suffer  from  drought.  The  same  privilege 
may  be  granted  to  any  person  who  may  import  such  articles,  on  his 
own  account  and  for  his  use,  in  the  above-mentioned  States; 

In  this  case  the  request  for  exemption  from  duties,  including  the 
clearance  tax,  will  be  made  to  the  Minister  of  the  Treasury  by  the 
municipal  intendants; 

12.  Motors,  carburetors,  stoves,  chafing-dishes,  lamps,  and  any 
other  utensils  which  use  alcohol  as  fuel,  either  in  its  pure  form  or 
carbureted  or  denatured,  being  subject  to  a  clearance  duty  of  10 
per  cent; 

13.  Animals  destined  for  the  zoological  gardens  and  those  imported 
for  zoological  and  scientific  expositions; 

Sole  paragraph.  The  animals  mentioned  in  this  number  after  death 
>6hall  be  sent  to  the  museum  situated  in  the  vicinity  of  the  garden  or 
locality  of  the  exposition; 

14.  Objects  imported  by  the  State  governments  for  the  national 
colonies  and  the  civilization  of  the  Indians; 

15.  AgriciUtural  machinery,  apparatus,  and  implements  destined 
for  experimental  stations  established  by  the  States; 

16.  Saucers  of  baked  clay  used  as  flying  targets  (clay  pigeons)  and 
glass  balls,  imported  by  sportsmen^s  clubs,  also  loaded  cartridges, 
subject  to  the  clearance  tax  of  2  per  cent ; 

17.  Casks  and  new,  immountcd  barrels,  imported  by  agricultural 
companies  or  producers  for  national  wine; 

18.  Machinery  destined  for  the  establishment  of  a  factory  of 
enameled  iron,  imported  by  the  firm  Barros,  Krueger  &  Co.,  of  Sao 
Paulo; 

19.  Material  for  waterworks,  sewerage,  and  lighting,  imported  by 
the  concessionaire  of  these  services  in  the  city  of  Victoria,  State  of 
Espirito  Santo; 

Article  3  of  the  law  No.  1452  of  December  30,  1905,  continues  in 
force  with  the  following  modifications : 

In  addition  to  the  articles  specified  in  Article  2,  paragraph  33,  of  the 
preliminary  provisions  of  the  tariff,  smooth  wire,  whether  galvanized 
or  not.  No.  7  for  fences  and  No.  14  to  wrap  cotton,  fodder,  and  other 
agricultural  products,  ydre  to  support  grape  vinos,  the  following 
articles  shall  pay  only  2  per  cent  clearance  duties: 

(1)  Agricultural  engines;  (2)  rubber  valves  for  air  pumps,  or  other 
apparatus  of  any  form  or  description;  (3)  copper  or  brass  wire  cloth, 
pasteboard,  or  leather  cones  for  turbines  and  component  parts  of 
diffusion  batteries;  (4)  iron  or  brass  wire  brushes,  or  scrapers  for 
cleaning  pipes;  (5)  manometers  for  determining  steam  pressure  or 
vacuum,  temperature  indicators;  (6)  tubes  of  copper,  iron,  or  brass 
for  boilers,  concentrators,  and  evaporators;  (7)  mills  for  breaking  and 


334     INTEBNATIONAL.  BUREAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBMCS. 


crushing  sugar;  (8)  screens  and  stands  as  well  as  crossbars  for  fur- 
naces; (9)  pans,  mills,  and  gearings,  with  their  accessories;  (10) 
power  and  transmission  apparatus,  including  pulleys,  shafts,  cranks, 
axle  journals,  couplings  clutches,  pins,  rings,  and  suspension  collars; 
(11)  rails  with  all  their  accessories,  such  as  clamps,  fish  plates,  screws, 
switches,  counter  rails,  junction  rails,  switch  points,  and  apparatus 
for  operating  the  same;  (12)  locomotives  and  cars  with  their  accesso- 
ries; (13)  stills  and  distilling  columns  with  their  accessories;  (14) 
molds,  filters,  crystallizers  for  purifying  and  refining  sugar,  and  special 
lime  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar;  (15)  pmnps  of  iron  or  other  metal 
for  liquids  or  pulps  of  all  kinds  or  for  hot  or  cold  water  supply;  (16) 
glasses  and  glass  tubes  for  evaporating  and  condensing  apparatus,  to 
indicate  the  height  of  water  or  other  liquid  in  boilers  or  other  appa- 
ratus; (17)  barbed  wire  and  oval  wire  measuring  18  by  16  and  19  by 
17,  including  the  sheaves  of  iron  or  steel  and  their  respective  winders; 
(18)  alcohol  and  denaturing  and  carbureting  substances;  (19)  hogs- 
heads of  tinned  iron  for  transporting  alcohol,  and  also  apparatus 
used  for  the  industrial  application  of  alcohol ;  (20)  tools,  hoes,  and 
scythes  for  agricultural  use.  The  above-mentioned  machinery, 
apparatus,  and  articles  are  exempted  from  duties  when  imported  by 
agricultural  syndicates  or  directly  by  agriculturists,  managers,  or 
agricultural  companies,  owners  of  stock  farms,  and  also  when  im- 
ported by  State  and  municipal  governments. 

CONTINUANCE    OF    TARIFF    CONCESSIONS    FOB    TTNITED    STATES 

PBODUCTS. 

The  Brazilian  Congress  on  January  11,  1908,  voted  for  a  contin- 
uance throughout  1908  of  the  20  per  cent  reduction  allowed  on  cer- 
tain specified  imports  of  United  States  origin  in  accordance  with  act 
of  June  30,  1906. 

The  articles  affected  by  the  concession  were  noted  in  the  issue  of 
the  AIoNTHLY  Bulletin  for  February,  1907,  and  are  as  foUows: 


Rate  of  doty  in 
mUreU.* 

Tariff 
No. 

Rate  on 

GeDerai 

Axneri- 

rate. 

can  prod- 
ucts. 

Ex.      97 

Flour  of  wheat kilo . . 

aOQS 

aon 

Ex.       58 

Milk,  condensed do — 

.500 

.«l 

Ex.  1033 

Manufactures  of  india  rubber,  vulcanized  or  not: 

Basins  and  other  articles  for  domestic  use,  fmmels,  caprales, 

and  bottles kilo. . 

2.600 

2LQ80 

Canea,  whips,  and  the  like do.... 

5.600 

400t 

Tobacco  pouches,  mouthpieces,  and  cases  for  match  boxes.. do 

4000 

xsn 

Dolls,  toys,  and  the  like do. . . . 

X90O 

2.800 

Buttons  of  all  kinds do. . . . 

4.600 

3.200 

Footwear do 

3.000 

Z«l 

Packing  for  machiner\' do 

1.000 

.800 

Combs,  rulers,  and  ptmholders do 

4000 

xan 

Fans each. . 

X600 

XflO 

a  The  value  ot  a  gold  milrein  Is   Vi.SM);  that  of  a  paper  mUreit,  about 
aniclea  given  herewith  Is  levied  35  {wr  cent  in  gold  and  65  per  cent  in  paper. 


lOJOi    The  doty  oo  all  tte 


BRAZIL. 


335 


Tarlfl 
No. 


Ex.  1033 


801 


Ex.173 


176 


Ex.  1009 


Ex.1037 
966 


063 


ICanufaotures  of  India  rubber,  vulcanii^d  or  not— Continued. 
Belts,  suspenders,  garters,  cords,  braids- 
Covered  with  pure  silk  or  with  silk  mixed  with  some  other 

material kilo. 

Covered  with  any  other  material do 

Dental  rubber : do... 

Bracelets,  earrings,  medallions,  and  other  ornaments. do 

Stems,  tubes,  and  stalks  for  flowers do 

Combined  with  tissues  of  cotton,  wool,  or  linen— 

In  the  piece  or  in  patterns do 

In  articles  not  specially  mentioned do 

Combined  with  tissues  of  pure  or  mixed  silk- 
In  the  piece  or  in  patterns do 

In  articles  not  specially  mentioned do 

Hose,  threads,  sheets,  and  plates do 

Mats do 

Articles  not  specially  mentioned per  cent  ad  valorem . . 

Watches  and  clocks: 
Watches— 

With  simple  works — 

Of  gold each . . 

Of  silver,  plain,  gilt,  or  oxidized do 

Of  copper,  plated  with  gold do 

Of  other  metals do 

Chronographs,  chronometers,  repeaters,  stop-watches,  and  the 
like— 

Of  gold each. . 

Of  silver,  plain,  gilt,  or  oxidized do 

Of  copi)er,  plated  with  gold do 

Of  other  metals do 

Set  with  precious  stones per  cent  ad  valorem. . 

WaU  clocks— 

In  wooden  cases,  measuring  up  to  65  centimeters  in  length  at 

its  longest  extension each. . 

In  wooden  cases,  measuring  from  65  to  100  centimeters  in 

length each . . 

In  wooden  cases,  measuring  more  than  100  centimeters,  .do 

Table  clocks— 

In  wooden  cases,  measuring  up  to  65  centimeters  at  the  largest 

extension each. . 

^  In  wooden  cases,  measuring  more  than  65  centimeters,  .do 

In  cases  of  bronze,  bronzed  or  gilt  metal,  marble,  alabaster, 

etc per  cent  ad  valorem.. 

Marine  chronometers,  suspended. each. . 

Marine,  ordinary,  suspended  and  without  a  pendulum do 

Not  specially  mentioned per  cent  ad  valorem . . 

Note  109a.— In  measuring  the  length  of  the  cases  of  wail  and 
table  clocks  the  ornaments  are  not  to  be  included. 
Inks  and  colors: 

For  marking  linen kilo . . 

For  drawing— 

In  boxes do 

In  shells do 

In  powder,  paste,  or  cakes • do 

Water  colors  of^all  kinds do 

Prepared  with  oil  and  the  like— 

For  printing,  lithographing,  house  painting,  ptc do 

Fine,  in  tubes  or  cylinders  of  metal  and  tlie  like do 

Note  19a.— In  the  weight  of  the  boxes  containing  colors  for 
drawing  are  included  all  the  accessories  contained  therein. 
Varnishes: 

Of  tar kilo . . 

Not  specially  mentioned do 

Typewriters,  linotypes,  and  cash  registers: 

With  keyboards each. . 

Without  keyboards do  — 

loe  boxes kilo. . 

Pianos: 

Square  or  upright each . . 

Demierand do  — 

Grand do.... 

Harmonichords do  — 

Soalefl: 

Balances  with  pans,  plain  or  common—  I 

Entirely  of  iron,  or  with  the  l)eam  of  this  metal  and  thr  pans  of  | 

wood kilo.. 

Of  copper  or  its  alloys do — | 


Rate  of  duty  In 
rnUreia. 


General 
rate. 


Rate  on 
Ameri- 
can prod- 
ucts. 


4.000 
7.000 


10.000 
4.000 
4.000 
2.000 


30.000 

8.000 

8.000 

4.000 

20 


5.000 


6.000 
8.000 


4.000 
6.000 

50  i 
70.000 
3.000 
50 


3.000 


24.000 
5.600 
2.560 
8.000 
5.600 

3.200 
5.600 


8,000 
3.200 
3.200 
1.800 


24.000 
6.400 
6.400 
3.200 
16 


4.000 


4.800 
6.400 


3.200 
4.800 

40 

56.000 

2.400 

40 


2.400 


4-000 

30.000 

4-000 

.080 

3.200 

24.000 

3.200 

.064 

.100 
4.000 

.008 
3.200 

.500 
1.000 

.400 
.800 

30.000 

5.000 

.250 

24.000 
4.000 
.200 

270.000 
300.000 
430.000 
430.000 

216.000 
240.000 
344.000 
344.000 

1.000 
2.000 

.800 
1.600 

836     INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 


Tariff 
No. 


Ex.  1008 


Scales— Continued. 

Platform  scales  of  iron,  of  all  sizes— 

With  a  capacity  of  up  to  100  kilos each. 

With  a  capacity  of  from  100  to  200  kilos do. . . 

With  a  capacity  of  from  200  to  500  kilos do . . . 

With  a  capacity  of  from  500  to  1,000  kilos do. . . 

With  a  capacity  of  from  1,000  to  2.000  kilos do. . . 

With  a  capacity  of  from  2,000  to  5,000  kilos do. . . 

With  a  capacity  of  more  than  6,000  kilos do 

Platform  scales  with  a  platform  of  wood,  with  or  without 

iron  frames,  and  steelyards,  pay  only  half  of  the  duty  on  plat- 
form scales  entirely  of  iron. 
Counter  scales  of  whatever  form,  with  base  or  pedestal  of  any 
kind— 

Up  to  40  centimeters  in  length each. 

From  40  to  GO  centimeters  in  length do . . . 

From60to80cc  nt  Imeters  in  length do . . . 

More  than  80  centimeters  in  length do. . . 

Assay  scales— 

tfommon,  with  pendulum  or  column,  with  or  without  cases 
kUo. 

Of  precision,  or  any  other  kind -per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Hydrostatic,  for  use  in  physics do... 

Automatic,  for  weighing  coffee,  grain,  etc do. . . 

Spring  scales— 

With  tubes,  suspension,  with  or  without  pans kilo. 

With  stands  of  iron  or  marble,  with  only  one  pan do. . . 

Not  specially  mentioned jwr  cent  ad  valorem. 

Windmills do... 


1    Rate  of 

duty  in 

1           mareis. 

Rate  on 

General 

Ameri- 

rate. 

can  prod- 

ucts. 

26.000 

20.800 

40.000 

32.000 

60.000 

48.000 

88.000 

7a  400 

.      146.000 

116.800 

.      160.000 

128.000 

.     320.000 

356.000 

6.000 

4.800 

12.000 

9.000 

27.000 

21.600 

40.000 

32.000 

7.000 

SlAOO 

50 

40 

SO 

40 

15 

12 

2.800 

2.240 

L200 

.960 

50 

40 

16  ! 


13 


CTJSTOMS  BECEIPTS  AT  BIO  DE  JANEIRO,  1907. 

Receipts  at  the  custom-house  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  for  the  calendar 
year  1907  are  given  as  38,281 :708$719  gold  and  59,919:9501672 
paper,  whose  combined  value  is  equivalent  to  a  little  over  $40,000,000. 

RAILWAY  CONSTB.TJCTION  IN  1007. 

According  to  a  report  presented  to  the  Minister  of  Public  Works, 
the  total  increase  in  railway  construction  throughout  Brazil  during 
1907,  amounted  to  701  kilometers,  about  436i  miles.  Added  to  the 
10,891  miles  reported  in  operation  in  the  Republic  at  the  opening  of 
1906,  during  which  year  but  42  miles  were  added,  the  total  length  of 
railways  in  operation  at  the  close  of  1907  was  11,369  miles. 

ISSUE  OF  NEW  SILVER  MONEY. 

A  decree  has  been  signed  by  the  President  of  Brazil  authorizing  the 
ilinister  of  Finance  to  open  a  credit  of  3,130:8531880  gold  (about 
$1,660,000)  to  meet  the  expenses  of  coining  new  silver  money. 

FOREIGN  COMMERCE,  TEN  MONTHS  OF  1907. 

For  tlio  ten  months  of  1907  ending  with  October,  total  imports  at 
Brazilian  ports  aggregated  528,425:602$  (about  $165,000,000)  as 
compared  with  388,793 :  093$  ($130,000,000)  in  the  same  period  of  1906. 


BRAZIL.  337 

Exports  for  the  ten  months  of  1907  amounted  in  value  to  744,153: 
755$  ($230,000,000)  as  against  596,715:989$  ($200,000,000)  in  the  ten 
months  of  the  preceding  year. 

Imports  are  thus  shown  to  have  increased  $35,000,000  and  exports 
$30,000,000  in  the  later  period,  while  the  balance  of  trade  in  favor  of 
the  Republic  was  $65,000,000. 

Specie  shipments  in  the  ten  months  of  1907  were  $20,000,000  as 
compared  with  $6,000,000  in  the  same  months  of  the  preceding  year. 

Customs  revenues  for  the  ten  months  uwder  comparison  show  an 
increase  of  22  per  cent  for  1907. 

TB.ADE  MOVEMENT  AT  THE  POBT  OF  SANTOS,  FIBST  NINE  MONTHS 

OF  1907. 

According  to  official  statistics  the  imports  at  the  port  of  Santos 
during  the  first  nine  months  of  1907  were  valued  at  93,876,142 
milreis  ($30,979,126),  of  which  87,061,319  miireis  were  subjected  to 
import  duties,  and  6,814,823  milreis  entered  free  of  duties.  The 
revenues  collected  by  the  custom-house  at  Santos  during  the  first 
nine  months  of  1907  amounted  to  39,449,269  milreis  (approximately 
$13,018,258). 

BOUNDABY  TREATY  WITH  COLOMBIA. 

The  following  treaty  has  been  ratified  by  the  Colombian  and 
Brazilian  Governments. 

The  Republic  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil  and  the  Republic  of 
Colombia,  desiring  to  establish  on  a  firm  and  permanent  basis  their 
ancient  relations  of  peace  and  friendship,  to  remove  all  grounds  of 
future  disagreement,  and  facilitate  the  development  of  their  rela- 
tions of  commerce  and  good  neighborship,  have  agreed  to  conclude 
the  following  treaty,  taking  into  consideration,  for  an  amicable 
agreement,  the  state  of  their  respective  possessions  and  rights,  and 
to  that  effect  have  named  their  Plenipotentiaries,  to  wit: 

His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  Republic  of  the  United  States 
of  Brazil,  Dr.  Eneas  Martins,  Minister  Resident  on  a  Special  Mis- 
sion to  Colombia,  and  His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  Re})ublic 
of  Colombia,  Gen.  Alfredo  Vasquez  Cobo,  Minister  of  Foreign  Rela- 
tions, who,  after  having  exchanged  their  full  powers,  which  were 
found  in  good  and  due  form,  have  agreed  on  the  following  articles: 

Article  I.  The  boundary  line  between  Brazil  and  Colombia,  from 
Pedra  de  Cucuhy  on  the  Negro  River  to  the  mouth  of  the  Apaporis 
River,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Japura  or  Caqueta  River,  shall  be 
established  as  follows: 

1.  From  the  island  of  S.  Jose,  opposite  Pedra  de  Cucuhy,  the  line 
shall  run  west  till  it  meets  the  right  bank  of  the  Negro  River,  which 
2903»— BuU.  2-08 7 


8      INTERNATIONAL.   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAJN    *.^_ 

shall  cut  at  latitude  1^  13'  51.76''  X.  and  longitude  23^  39'  11.51^ 

.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  or  7®  16'  25.9'^  east  of  Bogota,  proceeding 

rom  this  point  in  a  straight  line  until  it  meets  the  headwaters  of 

.he  small  stream  Macacimy  or  Macapurr,  an  affluent  of  the  right 

bank  of  the  Negro  or  Guainia,  and  lying  wholly  within  Colombian 

territory. 

2.  From  the  headwaters  of  the  Macacuny  or  Macapury  the  bound- 
ary line  shall  continue  along  the  watershed  until  it  passes  between 
the  headwaters  of  the  brook  Japery,  an  affluent  of  the  Xie  River, 
and  the  headwaters  of  the  Lomo  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Guainia 
River,  at  a  point  determined  by  the  coordinates  of  latitude  2®  1' 
26.65''  N.  and  longitude  24°  26'  38.58''  west  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  or 
6°  28'  59.8''  east  of  Bogota. 

3.  The  boundar}"  line  shall  continue  westward  along  the  highest 
elevation  of  land  which  separates  the  waters  flowing  to  the  north 
from  those  flowing  to  the  south  until  it  meets  Cerro  Caparro,  from 
which  point  it  shall  continue  to  run  along  the  highest  elevation  of 
land  separating  the  waters  flowing  into  the  Guainia  from  those 
which  find  their  way  to  the  Cuiarj'  or  Iquiary,  as  far  as  the  main 
source  of  the  Memachi  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Naquieni  River, 
which  in  its  turn  is  an  affluent  of  the  Guainia. 

4.  From  the  main  source  of  the  Memachi,  in  latitude  2°  1'  27.03*' 
N.  and  longitude  25°  4'  22.63^  west  of  the  meridian  of  Rio  de  Janeiro 
or  5°  51'  15.8"'  east  of  Bogota,  the  boundarj^  line  shall  followthe 
highest  elevation  of  land  to  the  principal  headwaters  of  the  affluent 
of  the  Cuiary  or  Iquiary,  which  is  nearest  the  headwaters  of  the 
Memachi,  continuing  to  follow  the  course  of  said  affluent  to  its  con- 
fluence with  the  aforesaid  Cuiary  or  Iquiary. 

5.  From  this  point   the   boundary'  line  shall  follow  the  course  of 
said  Cuiary  to  the  pohit  at  which  it  receives  the  Pegua  River,  it 
tributary  on  the  left  bank,  and  from  the  junction  of  the  Pegua  an 
Cuiary  the   line  shall   continue  westward  along  the  parallel  of  tl 
junction  of  these  rivers  till  it  meets  the  meridian  of  the  confluen 
of  the  Kerary  with  the  Uaupes. 

0.  Upon  meeting  the  meridian  of   the  confluence  of  the  Ker 
or  Cairary  River  with    the  Uaupes  River  the   boundarj'  line   s 
descend  this  meridian  to  the  said  confluence;  then  it  shall  cont 
alon;j:  the  thalweg  of  the  Uaupes  River  to  the  mouth  of  the  Ca 
River,  its  tributary  on  the  right  bank,  near  Jauarite  Falls. 

7.  From  the  mouth  of  the  said  Capury  River  the  boundar 
shall  continue  westward  along  the  thalweg  of  the  same  Capurj' 
source,  which  is  approximately  in  longitude  G9°  30'  west  of  i 
wich,  descending  along  the  meridian  of  this  source  to  the  T 
and  following  the  thalweg  of  the  said  Taraira  to  its  mouth 
^najyoris;  tbonco  along  the  thalweg  of  the  Apaporis  to  its  m 


BBAZIL.  339 

the  Japura  or  Caqueta  River,  which  is  the  point  where  the  section 
of  the  boundary  line  establishe<l  by  the  present  treaty  terminates, 
the  section  between  Pedra  Cucuhy  and  the  mouth  of  the  Apaporis 
being  thus  defined.  The  remaining  section  of  the  line  in  dispute 
between  the  two  countries  w  ill  be  the  subject  for  later  negotiations, 
in  case  Colombia  wins  in  her  boundary  questions  with  Peru  and 
Ecuador. 

Art.  IL  A  Mixed  Commission,  appointed  by  the  two  Governments 
within  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  exchange  of  the  ratifications, 
shall  proceed  to  the  demarcation  of  the  boimdary  line  as  established 
by  the  present  treaty. 

1.  Speciai  protocols  will  be  concluded  providing  for  the  organiza- 
tion and  instructions  of  this  Mixed  Commission,  which  shall  begin  its 
work  within  eight  months  after  its  appointment. 

2.  It  is  hereby  stipulated  that  in  the  demarcation  of  the  remaining 
section  of  the  line,  wherever  it  may  be  necessary  to  run  it,  when  there 
are  no  elevations  in  the  land,  parallels  of  latitude  and  meridian  lines 
shall  be  used  in  preference  to  any  oblique  lines. 

Art.  III.  All  controversies  that  may  arise  during  the  demarcation 
shall  be  submitted  by  the  respective  Commissioners  to  the  High  Con- 
tracting Parties  for  theii*  amicable  decision,  without  any  interruption 
in  the  work  of  demarcation. 

In  case  the  two  Governments  are  unable  to  reach  a  direct  agree- 
ment, they  hereby  declare  their  purpose  of  having  recourse  to  arbitra- 
tion. 

Art.  IV.  The  two  High  Contracting  Parties  shall  conclude  within 
the  term  of  twelve  months  a  treaty  of  commerce  and  navigation, 
based  upon  the  principle  of  the  most  ample  freedom  of  transit  and 
river  navigation  to  both  countries,  a  right  which  they  shall  enjoy 
perpetually  from  the  date  of  the  approval  of  the  present  treaty, 
throughout  the  course  of  the  rivers  which  have  theii'  source  in  or  flow 
through  the  region  marked  by  the  boundary  line  as  herein  defined,  on 
condition  of  their  respecting  the  fiscal  and  police  regulations  estab- 
lished or  which  may  hereafter  be  established,  in  the  territory  of  each. 
It  is  stipulated  that  the  vessels,  merchandise  and  citizens  of  Brazil  in 
Colombia  shall  not  be  subject  to  higher  charges  or  greater  formalities 
than  those  which  are  now  or  may  hereafter  l)e  imposed  on  Colombian 
vessels,  merchandise  and  citizens;  and  reciprocally,  that  the  vessels, 
merchandise  and  citizens  of  Colombia  in  Brazil  shall  not  be  subject  to 
higher  charges  or  greater  formalities  than  those  which  are  now  or  may 
hereafter  be  imposed  on  Brazilian  vessels,  merchandise  and  citizens. 

The  vessels  of  Colombia  engaged  in  the  navigation  of  these  livers 
shall  have  free  passage  b}^  the  river  Amazon  to  the  ocean.  The  fiscal 
and  police  regulations  shall  be  as  favorable  as  possible  to  navigation 
and  conamerce,  and  shall  be  as  nearly  as  possible  \m\(oTw\  \sv  \Xv<^  \?^^ 


340      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

cbuntrics.  It  is  understood  and  declared,  however,  that  this  stipula- 
tion does  not  include  the  navigation  from  port  to  port  in  the  same 
country  or  the  coastwise  trade  by  the  rivers,  which  shall  continue 
subject,  in  each  of  the  two  States,  to  its  respective  laws. 

Art.  V.  The  present  treaty,  after  it  has  been  duly  approved  by 
the  Republic  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil  and  the  Republic  of  Co- 
lombia, shall  be  ratified  by  the  respective  Grovemments,  and  the  ratifi- 
cations shall  be  exchanged  in  the  city  of  Bogota  or  in  Rio  de  Janeiro 
as  soon  as  possible. 

In  faith  whereof,  we,  the  Plenipotentiaries  of  the  two  Republics, 
sign  the  present  treaty  and  thereto  afiix  our  seals. 

Done  in  the  city  of  Bogota,  on  the  twenty-fourth  day^of  April,  in 
the  year  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  seven. 

(Signed)  En^as  Martins. 

(Signed)  Alfredo  Vasquez  Cobo. 

A  MODUS  VIVENDI  AGBEEMENT   BETWEEN  BRAZIL  AND  COLOM- 
BIA RELATING  TO  THE  PTJTTTMAYO. 

For  the  purpose  of  developing  navigation  and  the  trade  relations 
between  their  respective  countries,  by  the  lea  or  Putumayo  River, 
the  Governments  of  Brazil  and  of  Colombia  have  agreed  to  conclude 
a  modus  vivendi,  and  to  this  effect  the  Minister  Resident  of  Brazil 
on  a  Special  Mission  to  Colombia,  Dr.  Eneas  Martins,  and  the 
Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  of  Colombia,  Gen.  Alfredo  Vasquez 
Cobo,  met  in  the  Foreign  Office  of  Colombia,  and,  having  been  duly 
authorized  by  their  respective  Governments,  negotiated  and  agreed 
upon  the  following: 

Article  I.  The  merchant  vessels  of  Brazil  and  of  Colombia  shall 
have  free  passage  in  the  ports  which  Brazil  and  Colombia  have 
opened  or  may  hereafter  open  in  the  lea  or  Putumayo  River,  and 
shall  be  exempt  from  all  taxes  or  charges,  except  light-house  or  simi- 
lar taxes  which  are  levied  in  aid  of  navigation,  on  condition  of  their 
respecting  the  fiscal  and  police  regulations  estabUshed  by  the  com- 
petent authorities  of  each  of  the  two  countries  for  their  respective 
territories. 

The  vessels  of  Colombia  engaged  in  the  navigation  of  the  Putu- 
mayo shall  have  free  passage  by  the  Amazon  River  to  the  ocean. 

Art.  II.  While  the  present  agreement  continues  in  force,  the 
cloarance  of  articles  imported  into  Colombia  by  the  Amazon  and  the 
lea  or  Putumayo  rivers  shall  be  made  in  the  custom-houses  of 
Manaos  or  Belem,  as  entrepots  under  the  laws  of  Brazil. 

The   exports  of  Colombian   products  shall  also  be  made  at  the 

amo  custom-houses,  provided  said  products  are  duly  accompanied 

by  certificates  of  export  furnished  by  the  competent  Colombian 

authorities  in  the  place  of  origin  and  vis6ed  by  the  Brazilian  fiscal 

agent  on  the  lea. 


BRAZIL.  341 

Akt.  III.  Brazil  shall  permit — a  previous  notice  of  the  number 
being  given — the  passage  by  the  Amazon  and  the  lea  of  Colombian 
war  vessels  which  are  proceding  to  the  waters  of  the  Putumayo 
under  Colombian  jurisdiction;  and  reciprocally,  Colombia  shall  per- 
mit Brazilian  war  vessels  to  navigate  the  waters  of  the  Putumayo 
under  its  jurisdiction. 

These  vessels  shall  be  subject  to  the  fiscal  and  police  regulations 
in  case  they  shall  receive  merchandise  in  the  respective  ports. 

Art.  IV.  The  present  modus  vivendi  shall  go  into  effect  im- 
mediately and  shall  continue  in  force  until  it  shall  be  denounced  or 
modified  by  mutual  agreement  between  the  two  Governments. 

In  testimony  of  which  they  sign  the  present  agreement  and 
thereto  aflSx  their  seals. 

**Done  in  the  city  of  Bogota,  on  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  April,  in 
the  year  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  seven. 

(Signed)  Kneas  Martins. 

(Signed)  Alfredo  Vasquez  Cobo. 

PROTOCOL  SXTPPLEMENTABY  TO  THE  MODtJS  VIVENDI. 

At  a  conference  held  in  the  Department  of  Foreign  Relations  of 
Colombia,  the  Minister  Resident  of  Brazil  on  a  Special  Mission  to 
Colombia,  Dr.  En6as  Martins,  the  Brazilian  Plenipotentiary,  and 
the  Minister  of  Foreign  Relations  of  Colombia,  Gen.  Alfredo  Vas- 
quez CoBO,  Colombian  Plenipotentiary,  signatories  of  the  modus 
vivendi  agreement  regarding  the  lea  or  Putumayo  River  con- 
cluded on  April  24,  1907,  agreed,  in  the  name  of  their  respective 
Governments  and  as  an  integral  part  of  the  same,  that  the  said 
modus  vivendi  regarding  the  lea  or  Putumayo  River  shall  be  null 
and  void  in  case  the  treaty  signed  on  the  same  day,  establishing  the 
section  of  the  boundary  line  between  Pedra  de  Cucuhy  and  the  mouth 
of  the  Apaporis  in  the  Japura  or  Caqueta,  fails  to  be  approved  or 
ratified. 

In  testimony  whereof,  they  have  signed  the  present  protocol  in 
duplicate  and  thereto  affixed  their  respective  seals. 

Done  in  the  city  of  Bogota,  on  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  April,  in 
the  year  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  seven. 

(Signed)  Eneas  Martins. 

(Signed)  Alfredo  Vasquez  Cobo. 

PROPAGANDA  FOB  NATIVE  PBODTJCTS. 

Article  16  of  the  Project  of  Law  No.  401,  passed  by  the  Brazilian 
Congress  on  December  10,  1907,  authorizes  the  Ministry  of  Industry 
and  Public  Works  to  expend  $4,000,000  ($1,350,000)  for  the  opening 
of  the  necessary  credits  or  the  making  of  the  necessary  credit  opera- 


842      IXTEBXATIOXAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICA!^    REPUBUCS. 

tioDs  iu  order  to  develop  in  foreign  countries  the  consumption  of  the 
different  agricultural  and  nuneral  products  of  Brazil,  granting  pre- 
miums and  subsidies  therefor. 

The  subsidies  will  principally  be  granted  to  firms  and  private  indi- 
viduals 

(a ;  Who,  in  the  IrM-alities  where  there  are  firms  already  dealing  in 
raw  coffee,  establish  on  their  own  accoimt  roasting  plants  whero 
ground  coffee  may  l>e  sold  by  retail  or  already  prepared,  as  in  the 
restaurants  of  Rio  <.le  Janeiro : 

(bi  AVho  establish  in  these  localities  or  in  their  vicinity  premLstv^ 
where  coffee  may  be  sold  ground  or  already  prepared,  the  saiiu^ 
having  been  bought  at  the  roasting  establi^ments  above  mentioned ; 

(cm  Who  establish  in  localities  where  there  are  no  firms  dialing  in 
this  product,  principally  in  places  with  a  small  population,  premises 
with  a  small  roasting  plant  where  coffee  may  l>e  sold  already  ground 
or  prepared. 

The  same  system  of  subsidies  will  also  l>e  followed  with  regard  to 
establishments  which  exhibit  samples  of  other  Brazilian  products, 
such  as  mate,  cocoa,  sugar,  tobacco  and  manufactures  thereof,  accom- 
panied with  descriptive  matter  treating  of  their  origin,  price,  etc. 

Premimus  will  be  nwiinled  (<>  those  firms  or  individuals  who  at  the 
end  of  each  half  yen r  nIui II  rxliibit  evidences  sat isfacton^  to  the  Gov- 
ernment of  linviiif-r  ihIviuh^mJ  the  consumption  of  the  products  in 
reference. 

The  (ilovcrmni'iit  is  also  authorized  to  establish  and  maintain  the 
proi)agaiidii  U*v  native  i)roducts  in  connection  with  Brazilian  con- 
sulatcN  nbrnad  aiul  also  to  create  a  department  .of  inspection  under 
the  roM|MM'liM' Consuls,  who  shall  report  progress  in  the  matter  to  the 
MiniMtrv  «»f  Industry  and  Public  Works  at  the  end  of  each  half  year. 

|irsitli*s  the  means  indicated  in  the  foregoing  paragraphs,  the  Go v- 
rriinient  may  en\i)l()y  others  always  of  a  commercial  nature,  such  as 
grnnting  a  niaxinuini  re<lu(tioii  of  20  per  cent  in  the  import  duties 
on  artich's  not  produced  iu  Brazil  and  coining  from  countries  which, 
by  commercial  agn^'inents  or  treaties  grant  for  a  period  of  not  less 
thun  three  years  a  suitable  exemi)tion  or  reduction  in  their  tariffs  to 
Brazilian  i)n)du(ts. 

The  niin(MaI  wealth  of  the  country  is  also  to  be  the  subje<*t  of 
similar  proj)aganda,  under  Governnieut  direction. 

BATIFICATION  OF  THE  CONVENTION  FOB  THE   CREATION  OF  AN 
INTERNATIONAL  COMMISSION  OF  JURISTS. 

The  ''JJiar'u)()finar'  of  December  29,  1907,  publishes  the  decree  of 
Presid<»iit  Afkonso  Pknxa  of  December  27,  pr<Kdaiming  the  Conven- 
tion for  the  Creation  of  an  International  Ccmmiission  of  Jurists,  si^nied 
'  e  Third  Pan-Am<»rican  Conference. 


mnnyisasHS  Mmsaxx^  ipcm» 


Lh±'  I'  U^wmc  lnhMTftT ******  fCMMlVK  v^*^* 


i8=^  of  tin*l  Britka  At  Bid  ife  Jiifti»K%>. 

-.3 „„., 

n:,       1  ic,  tin,  4instHm\  «mliMHkivi .  Biilia^iiHi^  ut 

I     a*li,  til  tho  exumt  i^f  2  granisi  jM^r  Htt^r  ot  v 
r.iii.*4*  of  hn  aleoliolir  stnnijrlh  exr«»tHliuK  *^^  *^^ 
limit  b  4  yearns  [nr  liter);  in  btHn^,  lutp  Mil^jiUtnli^i  •IH^H   fin  iU- 
^itw^,  bitt4T  quassia,  colcliiruiii,  i»itratonnH|  iMltt 

i"  rir  arid,  aIuos,  and  i^s^'UMku*?*  |)n>|mrril  \i*tli  tmi^  ^ 

in.jtiei>sdiriveil  from  *c>ai  mr  at  nitli  UmtiJi  i»f  l<^ft<l,  t»» 

&m»nic,  antimony,  barium,  ur  any  ciilu*r  mthwUun  »  wl»U  U  i**  ♦**  *mw>  Uk 

III  ,uiy  ,  i  wiiif*  i»*  prolillilUMl,  v\mi 

^iien  Uiey  dii  But  contain  harnifiil  iiyl>«unn»*»,  nwi  i 
i/  nnt  reexptirU-'d  within  a  iiori*Hl  |4i  bo  (Ui'd  i 

^.wMaldiM,  nim*»,mii**  iiw'*  **^^^  iinp«^rO»d  - 
!I  bii  ear*  ' 
)  gimfoa 


Mtl? 


»ii     rft 


■  *f        ■  r'fT*^      pp.l'  »■' 


,%f^tM    ^'^iWtY    ^ff^ 


BEAZIl^. 


348 


fi:EaTJLATIONS    OOVKBKIHG    FOOD     AND     BEVEEAGE     PRESEBV- 

ATIVES, 

The  foUowijii;  informatiun  respecting  ttmd  and  beverage  preserva- 
ti%'<»s,  ctc,^  iht}  use  of  whirli  is  condeomerl  hy  BraKilian  I  i^  is 

eotitaiiioJ  to  a  repurt  matlo  to  the  British  Foreign  Office  \Un- 

ktcr  of  On  at  Bnlian  nt  Rio  de  Janeiro : 

Wiues,  tanl,  and  id\  otlicr  ftlimentary  pr^nlucts  cnndenuied  by  {he 
Xationul  I^tioratory  will  be  (bstroyed  and  a  fme  of  otiO  mijnlg  (about 
SlGo)  ml)  bo  imposed  on  the  iinport4*r3. 

Viims  and  aiimeatary  products  are  considered  haroiful  to  pyldic 
health  and  c<;ndc0ined  when  they  contain  boric  or  salicylic  acid,  in- 
ferior a  Iciilic*!,  free  iiiiiieral  *i4 ids—sulphuric, salphurouH, nitxic or  Iiydro- 
chltirii— ^tnlpldtes,  aliiui,  alkaline  fluorates  and  fluorsilicates,  saccha- 
rine, 8itits  <.f  8ir.>ntinin,  lead,  zinc,  tin,  arsenic,  antimony,  sidplmie  of 
potaiih,  to  Ihe  extent  r,f  2  i/rams  per  liter  of  wine  (except  in  ease  of 
wiiim  of  im  alc<ihr»]ic  f^treogih  exceeding  20  degrees,  fur  wlilrh  the 
linjit  is  4  grams  per  liter);  in  beern,  hop  Siubstitutes,  such  as  al>- 
«mlhe,  hitter  quassia^  colchicum,  picrotorina,  coloc^Tithjiiux  vomica, 
picnc  arid,  a]*>es,  and  es.sences  preparc^l  with  fattj  ethers,  coJortng 
i Mutters  derived  fi'om  coal  tar  or  with  basis  of  lead,^nercury,  cojjper, 
&m*nic,  aiitiiBony,  barium,  or  any  other  substance  wliich is  <ir  niuvin 
fiHore  be  reco^ize^d  as  tmrnifnl  to  health. 

In  any  ra^e,  the  importation  of  artihcial  wines  is  prolubitefl,  even 
when  they  do  not  contain  hurmfiU  substances,  mul  they  will  l>6  de- 
N   yvii  if  ji^it  reoxportol  wiilnii  a  perii^  to  be  fixed  b}*  the  customs 
fi  i^^^ctor. 

tognaes,  whiskies,  ruin^,  gins,  and  otlu  r  importc^l  alcoholic  bevei^ 
natural  or  iinitalion.  i^ill  be  c^mdenined  rs  liarnjful  to  health 

;  II  tliey  contain  mom  than  3  grains  (in  round  numbers)  nf  ])«>ison- 
ms  impuritien,  aldehydes,  fatty  ethers,  f^nfund,  superior  alcohtd, 
ac<^»ti€  ai!id,  etc.,  per  l^OfM)  grams  of  alcohol  at  100°,  or  1.50  grams 
at  lhea«me  per  l.OOU  grams  of  akoliol  at  50^ 

iw  iniportation  of  idcoholic  beverages  containing  absinthe  or  any 
"^  r  harmful  v^^mv^s  is  prohibite<l  hy  the  Budget  Law  dated 
i>w^4*ml»er  3ti,  lum, 

DIAMOND  MIOTNO  OT  UNAS  GBBAES, 

W"  •      '       ' 

i«ui  of  dredging  machinery  at  points  ahing  the 

^H^y  1 .  -v.,  i  in  the  State  of  Minas  Geraes  a  revolution  in  the. 

^iniJig  iiidtiMry  of  the  diamond  district  of  Brazil  i^  practically  ef- 

Ml,  in  the  opinion  of  United  States  Consul-General  Gkoiiok 

ii«ax,  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  will  probablv  revolytiordze  the  din- 

Juoml  niarket^  of  Hie  worhh 

.     ''  ^^<*s  capital  has  obtained  possesnion  of  practjcalh^  nil  (lie 

"^*"^^  ring  territory  in  the  Diamantiiia  eouEitrv.     The  success 


344      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

of  the  work  means  tliat  millions  of  dollars  will  be  spent  in  Brazilian 
diamond  mining.  Work  on  the  mines  already  done  has  led  to  such 
a  demand  for  improved  transportation  facilities  that  a  United  States 
engineer  has  been  summoned  to  take  charge  of  the  construction  of  a 
highway  from  the  end  of  the  railway  at  Curalinho  to  the  mining  coun- 
try and  United  States  methods  of  construction  are  to  be  followed. 

The  city  of  Diamantina,  which  is  the  center  of  the  diamond  and 
gold  mining  activities  for  that  portion  of  Brazil,  is  reached  generally 
by  two  routes.  One  is  by  leaving  the  railroad  at  Curvello,  l^linas 
Geraes,  and  taking  mule  train  for  the  three  to  four  days'  trip.  This 
route  ranges  over  some  very  rough  country,  including  two  rivers  sep- 
arated by  high  ridges,  the  main  ridge  reaching  well  toward  5,000  feet 
elevation  where  the  trail  crosses  it.  It  can  only  be  taken  by  mules  or 
horees.  The  other  route  is  by  leaving  the  railroad  at  Curalinho,  far- 
ther north  than  Curvello. 

It  is  stated  that  the  State  government  of  Minas  Geraes  will  extend 
railroad  connections  to  Diamantina,  provided  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment will  not  do  so,  but  how  soon  there  will  be  any  betterment  is 
doubtful.  The  cost  of  transporting  machinery  and  supplies  under 
present  conditions  is  all  but  proliibitive.  The  introduction  of  United 
States  rough-country  wagons  on  the  road  from  Curalinho  to  the  Jequi- 
tinhonha  River  country,  by  one  of  the  companies  installing  dredging 
machinery  there,  has  been  so  successful  as  to  attract  the  attention 
of  the  State  government,  and  that  government  at  present  is  making 
a  strong  effort  to  secure  the  general  adoption  of  these  wagons  for  all 
such  work  by  the  Brazilian  population. 

There  has  arisen  a  demand  for  United  States  agricultural  machinery 
for  the  development  of  the  country  to  meet  the  requirements  for  forage 
and  supplies,  and  the  Government  is  also  seeking  United  States  capi- 
tal for  the  construction  and  operation  of  a  modem  meat-packing  plant 
with  a  view  of  furnishing  supplies  for  industrial  and  agricultural 
colonies  wliich  it  plans  to  establish  in  several  portions  of  the  State, 
especially  near  the  diamond-mining  district. 

It  has  been  authoritatively  established  that  some  of  the  diamonds 
originally  sold  as  Indian  diamonds  came  from  Brazil.  Heretofore 
practically  all  of  the  output  of  Brazilian  diamonds  has  gone  to 
Europe,  chiefly  to  Paris  and  London.  The  shipments  to  the  United 
States  are  increasing  in  number  and  value,  and  it  is  the  expectancy 
of  the  American  interests  now  investing  so  heavily  in  Brazilian  dia- 
mond prop(Tties  that  they  will  be  able  to  sell  their  products  direct 
to  American  buyers. 

It  is  the  understanding  in  the  Diamantina  district  that  the  export 

tax  on  diamonds,  which  has  heretofore  hiterfered  with  the  sale  and 

shipment  of  stones,  will  be  -modified  or  removed  altogether  to  the 

betterinont  of  the  trade.    The  exports  of  diamonds  from  Brazil  in 


CHILE.  -  345 

1906  amounted  to  about  $310,000,  as  compared  with  about  $150,000 
in  1905,  but  the  figures  in  neither  case  even  approximate  the  actual 
value  of  stones  exported.  These  figm*es  also  include  the  declared 
values  of  black  or  amorphous  diamonds  from  Bahia,  the  trade  in 
which  is  increasing. 

STATE  OF  SAO  PATJIiO. 

The  ^^Boletim  da  Directoria  de  Industria  e  Commercio/^ot  Sao  Paulo, 
publishes  the  following  statistical  data  on  that  State : 

The  State  of  Sao  Paulo  has  an  area  of  about  296,000  square  kil6- 
meters  (118,245.6  square  miles)  and  an  estimated  population  of 
2,861,170  inhabitants.     The  most  populous  centers  are  the  following: 

Number  of     i  Number  cf 

inhabitants.  I  '  inhabitants. ' 

Capital 274,000  !  Taubate 38,300 

Santos 73,500  |  Rio  Claro 37,500 

Campinas 83,000  [  Araraqiiara 34,000 

S.  Carlos  do  Pinhal 50,000  ,  Guaratingueta... _ 32,000 

Ribeirao  Preto 56,800     Limeira 32,000 

Jahu 49,000  |  Bragan^a 42,600 

Amparo 32,700  '  S.  Joao  da  Boa  Vista 37,550 

Piracicaba 46,000     S.  Joao  do  Rio  Pardo 33,000 

The  trade  movement  of  the  port  of  Santos  alone  amounted  in  1906 
to  102,659,161  mUreis  ($33,877,523)  imports  and  308,208,443  milreis 
($101,708,786)  exports. 

The  area  under  cultivation  during  the  year  1904-5  was  602,805.63 
acres. 

The  principal  agricultiu^al  products  of  the  State  are  coffee,  cotton, 
corn,  rice,  beans,  tobacco,  grapes,  potatoes,  sugar  cane,  rum,  wine, 
flour,  milk,  butter,  cheese,  lard,  wool,  wax,  and  honey. 

In  1906,  there  were  4,028  kilometers  (2,502  miles)  of  railways  in 
operation  in  the  State  and  2,527  kilometers  (1,570  miles)  under  con- 
struction. 

The  State  has  18  credit  institutions,  with  a  total  capital  of  83,986,- 
650  mileris  ($27,715,594). 


CHILE. 

CTTSTOMS  RBVENTJES,  FIRST  ELEVEN  MONTHS  OF  1907. 

During  the  first  eleven  months  of  1907,  the  custom-houses  of  the 
Republic  of  Chile  collected  a  total  revenue  of  107,361,051.19  pesos 
($35,750,000),  which  sum,  in  comparison  with  that  of  the  same 
months  of  1906,  shows  an  increase  of  10,289,371.24  pesos  ($3,429,000). 
The  revenue  for  the  month  of  November,  1907,  was  6,495,577.06 
pesos  ($2,165,000), showing  an  mcrease  of  1,028,380.78  pesos  ($342,000) 
over  the  same  month  of  1906 


346      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 
CONTRACT  FOR  THE  ARICA-LA  PAZ  RAIX^WAY. 

United  States  Consul  Alfred  A.  Winslow,  of  Valparaiso,  reports 
that  the  Chilean  Government  has  given  the  contract  for  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Arica-La  Paz  Railroad  to  a  German  bank  and  a  German 
firm  for  the  sum  of  £3,000,000,  and  adds: 

^^The  line  will  extend  from  Arica,  a  northern  port  of  consequence 
in  Chile,  to  La  Paz,  the  capital  of  Bt:)livia,  a  distance  of  about  335 
miles.  The  road  is  to  be  completed  within  four  years.  The  Gov- 
ernment is  to  provide  the  right  of  way  and  to  admit  all  material  and 
machinery  free  that  are  used  in  the  construction  of  the  road. 

'^  It  is  understood  that  the  only  interest  the  bank  has  in  the  matter 
is  that  it  takes  the  Government  5  per  cent  bonds  that  are  to  be  issued 
to  pay  for  the  construction  of  the  road.  This  road  is  to  be  built  in 
accordance  with  the  treaty  made  with  Bolivia  on  March  21,  1905, 
when  Chile  took  over  that  portion  of  Bolivia  that  bordered  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  completion  of  this  road  will  mean  much  for  the 
northern  ])art  of  Chile  and  the  interior  of  Bolrvda,  as  it  opens  up 
some  very  rich  country. " 

COLOMBIA. 

EXPLOITATION  OF  VEGETABLE  IVORY. 

Under  date  of  December  26,  1907,  President  Reyes  enacteil  an 
important  decree  by  virtue  of  which  the  exploitation  of  vegetable 
ivory  in  national  forests  situated  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rivers  Atrato 
and  Leon  and  on  the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Uraba  may  be  made  by 
private  individuals  and  companies,  without  special  concessions  or 
permits,  under  the  following  conditions:  (a)  Each  ton  of  vegetable 
ivory  shall  pay  an  export  tax  of  $2  gold ;  (b)  the  payment  of  sai<i 
duty  bliall  be  nuule  in  the  respective  customs-houses  from  April  1. 1908. 

BEGULATIONS  FOB  PABCELS  POST. 

The  Colombian  Government  issued,  under  date  of  October  19, 1907, 
the  following  new  customs  regulations  for  merchandise  entered 
through  the  parcels  post: 

''By  direction  of  the  Minister  of  the  Treasury,  liquidation  of  duties 
on  merchandise  arriving  per  parcels  post  at  Colombian  offices  shall 
l)e  as  follows:  Precious  stones  of  all  kinds,  jewelry  of  gold  or  silver 
plated  with  gold,  with  or  without  precious  stones,  and  all  articles  of 
gold  will  pay  an  import  duty  of  10  p(T  cent  ad  valoremj  with  a  surtax 
of  10  per  cent  of  the  duty  for  consular  charges.  Other  merchandise 
introduced  by  i)arcels  post  will  pay  0  per  cent  ad  valorem  in  addition 
to  the  regular  duty  fixcnl  by  the  tariff  code,  including  the  surtax  of  70 
por  crnt  thereon,  and  a  further  surtax  of  25  per  cent  for  consular 
foes. 


CUBA.  •      347 

&B8TB.ICTION  OF  PBE6ERVED  ICEAT  IMPORTS. 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  recently  passed  by  the  Board  of 
Health  of  Colombia  the  importation  into  the  Republic  of  all  kinds  of 
meats,  for  the  preservation  of  which  antiseptics  are  used,  has  been 
prohibited.  Meats  for  consumption  in  Colombia  may  be  preserved 
by  means  of  chloride  of  sodium,  nitrate  of  potash,  heat  (Appert  modi- 
fied process),  or  refrigeration. 

For  which  reason  the  Colombian  Consulate  at  New  York  has  been 
advised  not  to  certify  any  invoice  on  which  meats  are  specified  unless 
the  same  is  accompanied  by  a  bona  fide  certificate  stating  clearly  that 
no  antiseptics  have  been  used  and  that  the  meats  have  been  pre- 
pared for  export  as  required  by  law. 


COSTA  RICA. 

APP&AISEJISNT    OF    PERCUSSION     CAPS     AND     SHOTGUN    CAB- 

T&IDGE8. 

By  virtue  of  a  decree  of  President  Gonzalez  Viquez,  of  Costa 
Rica,  dated  January  4,  1908,  percussion  caps  and  shotgun  cartridges 
shall  be  appraised  in  the  following  manner  at  ports  of  entry: 

JVr  kilogram. 
Colon. 

Metal  cartridges,  unloaded 2. 50 

Metal  cartridges,  loaded 75 

Paper  cartridges,  unloaded 5. 00 

Paper  cartridges,  loaded 1. 00 

Percussion  caps 5. 00 


(1TB  A. 

BSPOBT  OP  THE  PBOVISIONAL  GOVERNOR  FOR  1907. 

The  Provisional  Governor  of  Cuba,  appointed  pursuant  to  the  treaty 
obligations  between  CXiba  and  the  United  States,  made  public,  on 
January  12,  1908,  his  annual  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War  of  the 
United  States,  covering  in  a  C/omprehonsive  manner  the  economic  con- 
ditions prevailing  throughout  the  Island  Republic  from  the  revolution 
of  1906  to  date. 

As  the  exercise  of  legislative  jK)wer  by  the  Chief  Executive  of  the 
Republic  is  in  harmony  with  the  established  order  prevailing  in  Cuba, 
the  meetings  of  Congress  were  temporarily  suspended  until  the  legisla- 
tive body  should  have  be^n  chosen  in  ac<!()rdance  with  new  registra- 
tion lists  as  amended  b}'-  a  general  cx^nsus. 

On  May  8, 1907,  a  decree  was  issued  making  provision  for  the  taking 
of  the  <3eii8U6  "  for  electoral  purposes  and  such  other  \)\3kiipvi^%  ^:e»  \Xi^ 


348      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

statistics  are  desired  to  serve."  This  has  been  done,  and  publication  of 
the  results  will  be  made  as  soon  as  is  consistent  with  accuracy.  In 
consequence  of  the  unavoidable  delays  entailed  by  the  preparation  of 
electoral  lists,  the  enforcement  of  certain  electoral  laws  and  the  organi- 
zation of  such  boards  as  are  required  by  said  law,  the  provincial  and 
municipal  elections  will  presumably  not  be  held  before  April  or  May, 
1908. 

Tested  by  tangible  evidence,  the  economic  situation  of  the  Republic 
is  satisfactory.  In  October,  1906,  it  was  generally  feared  that  the 
revolution  had  destroyed  the  financial  credit  of  the  Island;  the  long- 
continued  drought  was  believed  to  have  greatly  injured  the  cane,  to- 
bacco, fruit,  and  vegetable  crops;  a  cyclone  devastated  the  Island  dur- 
ing the  month  and  was  believed  to  have  completed  the  total  loss  of  the 
cane  and  tobacco  crops.  Everyone  expected  the  receipts  of  the  cus- 
toms-houses would  diminish  and  a  general  fear  prevailed  that  the 
revenues  of  the  Government  would  not  be  sufhcient  to  meet  the  obliga- 
tions and  current  expenses.  The  outcome  was  quite  the  reverse  of 
public  expectation.  The  Island  produced  more  sugar  than  ever  before 
in  its  history.  The  tobacco  crop  was  short,  but  superior  in  quality,  and 
commanded  the  highest  price  in  the  history  of  the  industry  in  Cuba. 
The  fruit  and  vegetable  crops  were  large  and  showed  a  gratifying  in- 
crease in  acreage  over  previous  years,  and,  although,  the  output  was 
reduced  by  the  drought,  the  prices  secured  were  high  and  results 
gratifying  to  the  producers.  The  customs  receipts  were  in  excess  of 
any  preceding  year  and  the  condition  of  the  public  Treasury  continued 
excellent.  Taking  into  consideration  that  this  showing  is  for  a  year 
immediately  following  a  revolution  and  cyclone,  and  includes  a  period 
of  panic  and  world-wide  disturbance  of  business  and  finance,  of  strikes 
and  lockouts  throughout  the  Island  that  paralyzed  for  months  the 
cigar-making  and  building  industries  and  otherwise  interfered  with 
commerce  and  industrial  pursuits,  and  with  low  prices  for  sugar  pre- 
vailing, som.e  idea  is  obtained  of  the  wonderful  richness  and  recupera- 
tive powers  of  the  Island. 

The  approximate  value  of  the  goods  imported  dining  the  fiscal  year 
1906-7  was  $96,673,989,  which  was  a  decrease  of  $7,721,603  as  com- 
pared with  the  juevious  fiscal  year.  Export  valuations  were  $110,- 
764,937,  showing  an  increase  of  $5,565,622  over  1905-6. 

The  plan  of  making  the  sanitary  service  a  national  matter  received 
the  hearty  approval  of  the  public,  it  being  fully  realized  that  the 
thorough  sanitation  of  the  Island  has  an  important  bearing  upon  its 
commercial  development.  The  same  is  true  as  regards  permanent 
road  construction  and  harbor  improvements.  The  principal  products 
of  Cuba,  sugar,  tobacco,  timber,  fruits,  vegetables,  and  iron  ore,  find 
their  way  to  foreign  markets  and  must  be  transported  from  the  place 
of  production  to  the  harbors  on  the  coast.    There  are  at  least  forty 


CUBA.  349 

harbors  on  the  Cuban  coast  that  at  relatively  small  expense  might  be 
improved  sufficiently  to  permit  the  entry  of  ocean-going  vessels.  At 
present  but  six  are  available  and  none  are  adequately  equipped  for 
the  convenient  and  rapid  handling  of  commodities.  These  harbors 
are  reached  from  the  interior  by  railroads  and  from  along  coast  by  sail- 
ing craft.  Many  portions  of  the  Island  are  as  yet  unsupplied  with 
transport  facilities  and  the  cost  is  very  great.  Orders  have  been 
issued  to  the  Department  of  Public  Works  to  prepare  a  general  plan 
for  a  system  of  macadamized  roads,  to  consist  of  a  highway  running 
east  and  west  through  the  center  of  the  Island,  with  branch  roads  run- 
ning north  and  south,  terminating  at  the  harbors  of  the  six  Provinces 
into  which  the  Republic  is  divided.  The  plans  were  also  to  include 
the  equipment  of  said  harbors  for  handling-  cargoes  with  ease  and 
rapidity;  the  erection  of  light-houses  and  the  placing  of  buoys  along 
the  coast  where  needed.  Three  principal  objects  were  contemplated 
by  these  projected  improvements — the  development  of  the  country, 
the  reduction  of  economic  waste  resulting  from  the  difficulties  of 
transportation,  and  the  improvement  of  the  industrial  condition  by 
providing  employment  for  a  large  number  of  workmen. 

The  necessity  for  municipal  improvements  is  lu-gent,  it  being  esti- 
mated that  not  less  than  $75,000,000  will  be  required  to  provide  the 
municipalities  with  such  improvements  as  are  needed  by  the  inhabi- 
tants. 

In  regard  to  the  sugar  situation.  Governor  Maqoon  states  that 
Cuba  is  dependent  upon  agricultural  products — with  the  exception 
of  forests  and  iron  ore — for  the  production  of  wealth.  Its  principal 
agricultural  product  is  sugar  cane.  The  cutting,  hauling,  and  grinding 
season  lasts  from  about  the  middle  of  December  until  the  beginning 
of  the  rainy  season,  which  usually  starts  early  in  May.  This  season 
of  the  year  is  the  period  of  grow  th  and  harvest  for  tobacco,  fruits,  and 
vegetables.  The  harvests  being  completed,  there  is  but  little  to  do 
on  the  sugar  estates  and  farms,  so  that  about  seventy-five  per  cent 
of  the  laborers  are  thrown  out  of  employment.  Practically  all  the 
cane  cutters  are  without  employment  for  six  months  in  the  year,  so 
that  the  most  important  economic  question  in  Cuba  is  employment 
for  this  body  of  men  between  seasons. 

In  1903  the  price  of  sugar  was  high  and  the  yield  the  largest  in  the 
history  of  the  Island  up  to  that  time.  Sugar  mills  sprang  up  and 
cane  fields  were  planted  with  more  attention  to  early  profits  than  to 
economical  expenditure.  Unnecessary  credits  were  tendered  and 
accepted  and  extravagant  expenditures  incurred,  with  inevitable  and 
temporarily  disastrous  results.  Now,  however,  the  money  distributed 
by  the  Government  has  been  spent,  the  notes  given  for  money  loaned 
to  build  mills  and  plant  cane  have  matured,  and  the  period  of  liquida- 
tion set  in  more  than  a  year  ago.    The  sugar  industry  is  thetefo^^  ^ 


8S0      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

present  in  a  flourisbing  condition  and  easily  able  to  meet  all  the 
demands  of  liquidation.  The  prevalent  opinion  is  that  the  crop  of 
the  present  year  will  be  at  least  1,150,000  tons,  and  that,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  rediK^d  production  throughout  the  world,  the  price  will 
be  higher  than  that  now  prevailing. 

Reference  is  made  to  the  desire  often  expressed  by  the  planters 
for  the  establishment  of  an  agricultural  bank  along  the  lines  of  the 
Mexican  Bank,  and  careful  consideration  is  given  to  the  reasons  for 
and  against  the  project. 

The  number  of  claims  residting  from  the  revolution  of  August, 
1906,  were  12,057,  more  than  one-half  for  horses,  valued  at  $1,6S8,- 
106.76,  on  which  the  Claims  Commission  allowed  $738,428.39.  The 
total  cost  of  the  revolution  is  figured  at  $89634,116.64. 

KEGULATIOSr  OF  THE  PRACTICE  OF  FHASXACY. 

Under  date  of  December  31,  1907,  the  Provisional  Governor  of 
Cuba  issued  a  decree  providing  that  persons  who  are  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  pharmacy  without  being  graduates  or  doctors  of  pharmacy 
duly  authorized  to  practice,  and  who  have  had  five  or  more  years' 
exj>crience  therein,  shall  demonstrate  their  competence  to  practice 
the  profession  before  a  board  of  examiners,  the  formation  of  which 
is  also  provided  in  the  decree.  To  every  candidate  passing  the 
examination  shall  bo  awarded  a  certificate  of  *' Practitioner  of  Phar- 
macy," by  virtue  of  which  he  shall  be  entitle<l  to  practice  pharmacy 
in  the  Island. 

The  ihite  for  the  operation  of  the  decree  is  to  be  detemiinesd  later. 


HONDURAS. 

OPERATION  OF  THE  CEIBA  RATLROAB. 

In  accordance  with  the  contract  entered  into  between  the  Govem- 
mont  of  Honduras  and  the  Vaccaro  Brothers  &  Co.,  of  New  Orleans, 
on  May  0,  1906,  the  railroad  line  on  the  northern  coast  of  Honduras 
has  been  partially  constructed  and  is  in  oi)eration  for  30  miles.  The 
lino,  which  is  to  run  oiistcrly  from  the  Zacate  terminal  to  the  port  of 
Ceiba  and  10  miles  in  a  westerly  direction  to  the  town  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, provides  an  outlet  for  the  fruit  products  of  Zacat-e  Valley. 
During  the  first  year  of  its  operation  1,500,000  bunches  of  bananas 
were  handled,  being  shipped  by  the  Vaccaro  Independent  Steamship 
Line  to  Now  York,  New  Orleans,  and  Mobile. 

The  cost  of  the  road  to  the  jjresent  time  has  been  $650,000,  and 
there  as  yet  remain  35  miles  to  be  built  to  the  Bay  of  Hizapa,  at  which 
point  a  wharf  is  to  be  constructed  at  a  cost  of  $500,000. 

The  sanitarj'  and  productive  conditions  of  the  region  served  are 
rrportod  as  of  the  highest  onler,  while  the  cooperation  of  the  Hon- 
cluran  Government  in  all  beneficiwV  measures  is  assured. 


MEXICO.  851 

MEXICO. 

FOBEIGK  COMMERCE,  FIBST  FOUB  MONTHS  OF  1907-8. 

According  to  figures  issued  by  the  statistical  division  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Finance  and  Public  Credit  of  the  Mexican  Republic,  the  total 
value  of  imports  received  during  the  first  four  montlis  of  1907-8  (July- 
Octol)er,  1907)  was  82,798,007.66  pesos  ($41,399,003.83),  as  compared 
with  68,374,700.19  pesos  (834,187,350.09)  in  the  same  months  of  the 
previous  year,  an  increase  of  14,423,307.47  pesos  ($7,211,653.73).  In 
the  month  of  October,  1907,  the  value  of  imports  was  21,890,617.23 
pesos  ($10,945,308.61),  which,  in  comparison  with  18,282,732.61  pesos 
($9,141,366.30)  of  the  same  month  of  1906,  represents  an  advance  of 
3,607,884.62  2X5505  ($1,803,942.31). 

The  exports  were  valued  at  86,373,450.26  pesos  ($43,186,725.13), 
in  comparison  with  72,768,991.91  pesos  ($36,384,495.95)  during  the 
same  period  of  the  fiscal  year  1906-7,  an  increase  of  13,004,458.35 
pesos  ($6,802,229.12).  The  value  of  products  exported  during  tlie 
month  of  October,  1907,  was  21,568,413.86  pesos  ($10,784,206.93), 
showing  an  increase  of  2,567,222.69  pe^os  ($1,283,611.34)  when  com- 
pared with  19,001,191.17  pesos  ($9,500,595.58)  for  the  same  month 

of  1906. 

CTTSTOMS  REVENUES,  FIRST  HALF  OF  1007-8. 

Official  statistics  recently  published  show  that  the  revenues  col- 
lected by  the  various  custom-houses  of  the  Republic  of  Mexico  during 
the  first  half  of  the  fiscal  year  1907-8  (July-December,  1907)  were  as 
follows,  the  figures  for  the  same  period  of  the  previous  year  being  also 
given  for  purposes  of  comj)aris()n: 


First  half  of  the  fiscal  year— 


Pruon.  Prsos. 

28,323.7»2.28       24.757,2*17.08 


Import  duties 

Export  duties I          470, 11«.  05  '  .524!  240. 70 

Port  dues tJ91,K3K.  H5  510.841.  .'il 

Total 2'),  491,S2,'>.  9S  i  2j,M)1,  349.(>;i 


The  equivalent  of  these  totals  in  United  States  currency  is  »l)()ut 
$14,745,000  and  $12,905,000,  respectively. 

BEGISTBT  OF  BUSINESS  TBANSACTIONS  IN  1907. 

The  value  of  business  transactions  ro^^istorod  at  the  oHice  of  the 
Public  Registrar  (liegisiro  Publico  dc  la  PvopicdaJ)  of  Mexico  during 
the  year  1907  amounted  to  $448,315,200.57  (national  currency),  rep- 
resenting 10,204  operations. 

More  than  one-half  of  the  total  recorded  or  $200,817,022.48,  was 
on  account  of  commercial  enterprises,  organization  of  ue^'  eoYcv\>^Ya^'s>^ 


352      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

increased  capitalization  of  existing  corporations,  and  railroad  inter- 
ests. 

Transfers  of  property,  made  in  public  documents  before  a  notary, 
amounted  to  a  total  valuation  of  $67,443,368.94;  mortgages  and 
embargoes  totaled  $98,985,978. 1 6 ;  real  estate  rentals,  which  are  not  the 
subject  of  compulsory  register,  aggregated,  as  recorded,  $13,332,547, 
while  proceedings  and  decisions  delivered  by  civil  judges  aflFected  prop- 
erties with  a  total  value  of  $8,027,187.84. 

PATENTS  AND  TBADE-MABKS  IN  1907. 

The  transactions  of  the  Bureau  of  Patents  and  Trade-marks  of  the 
Mexican  Republic  during  1907  cover  patents  of  invention  to  the  num- 
ber of  1,241;   946  trade-marks,  27  models  and  industrial  drawings, 
and  96  advertisements  and  commercial  names. 

SISAL  HEMP  SHIPMENTS  IN  1907. 

The  shipments  of  sisal  hemp  from  the  Yucatan  ports  of  Progreso 
and  Campeche  during  the  year  1907  aggregated  652,188  bales,  as 
compared  with  626,785  bales  in  the  preceding  year. 

Progreso,  which  is  the  leading  point  of  export  for  this  article,  is 
credited  with  613,747  bales,  and  Campeche  with  2,500  bales. 

Of  the  total  quantity  shipped,  the  United  States  was  the  leading 
purchaser,  taking  590,923  bales,  followed  by  other  countries  in  the 
order  named: 


Country. 

Balos. 

45.860 

8,282 

4,245 

1,253 

fiSl 

350 

Country. 

BaIm. 

Canada 

Italy 

275 

Cuba 

Spam 

185 

England 

Austria 

120 

Bdgliim 

Russia 

*    7 

Gormany 

Argentine  Republic.  . 

4 

France 

Brazil 

9 

TEHXJANTEPEC  TBANSIT  POB  UNITED  STATES  MEBCHAKDISB 

IN  1907. 

The  aggregate  value  of  merchandise  passing  between  the  eastern 
and  western  ports  of  the  United  States  over  the  new  Tehuantepec 
trans-Isthmian  route  was  between  twenty-five  and  thirty  million  dol- 
lars during  the  year  1907.  The  value  of  merchandise  moving  from 
the  eastern  ports  of  the  United  States  across  the  Tehuantepec  rout« 
to  the  Pacific,  as  shown  by  the  reports  to  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of 
the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  was,  in  the  first  quarter 
of  the  year,  one  and  one-third  million  dollars  in  value;  in  the  second 
quarter,  over  four  millions;  in  the  third  quarter,  over  four  millions^ 
and  in  the  fourth  quarter  approximately  four  millions.  The  east- 
ward  movements  of  merchandise  via  the  Tehuantepec  route  were 


MEXICO.  353 

chiefly  sugar  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  the  shippers  of  that  article 
from  those  islands  having  abandoned  the  around-the-Hom  route  and 
sending  via  Tehuantepec  all  of  their  sugar  destined  for  the  eastern 
coast  of  the  United  States.  The  sugar  shipments  from  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  via  Tehuantepec  to  the  eastern  ports  of  the  United  States 
(chiefly  Philadelphia  and  New  York)  were,  in  the  first  quarter  of  the 
year,  slightly  less  than  two  million  dollars;  in  the  second  quarter, 
three  and  one-half  millions;  in  the  third  quarter,  over  five  millions, 
and  in  the  fourth  quarter  approximately  five  millions. 

The  vessels  which  carry  the  sugar  make  a  triangular  route,  passing 
during  the  sugar  season  direct  from  Hawaii  to  the  western  terminus 
of  the  railway,  and  after  discharging  their  cargo  pass  thence  north- 
wardly along  the  w^estem  coast  of  the  United  States  to  San  Francisco 
and  in  some  cases  as  far  north  as  the  Puget  Sound  ports  and  thence 
to  Hawaii,  where  they  load  again  direct  for  the  Tehuantepec  port 
during  the  sugar  season,  and  at  other  times  for  San  Francisco,  and 
thence  along  the  coast  to  the  Tehuantepec  port.  The  distance  which 
sugar  from  Hawaii  now  travels  in  reaching  New  York  via  the  Tehuan- 
tepec route  is  5,806  miles,  against  12,209  miles  via  the  former  all- 
water  route  aroiind  Cape  Horn.  The  opening  of  this  new  trans- 
continental line  has  contributed  to  the  industries  of  the  United 
States,  not  only  in  supplies  of  material  required  in  its  construction, 
but  also  in  its  daily  operation,  the  railway  engines  being  run  with 
petroleum  drawn  from  the  Texas  oil  fields,  though  it  is  expected  that 
this  fuel  will  in  the  near  future  be  supplied  from  Mexican  oil  fields 
a<Ijacent  to  the  Tehuantepec  line.  The  quantity  of  freight  moved 
over  this  new  Une  is  estimated  at  over  600,000  tons  in  1907,  its 
first  year  of  operation.  The  road  is  tapped  by  other  lines  wliich 
connect  it  witji  Veracruz  and  the  City  of  Mexico,  and  thus  give  it 
direct  rail  communication  with  the  railway  sj^stems  of  Mexico  and 
the  United  States. 

All  merchandise  originating  in  or  leaving  any  port  of  the  United 
States  and  crossing  Mexico  by  the  Tehuantepec  Une  is  sent  across 
the  Isthmus  in  sealed  cars  and  is  readmitted  free  of  duty  on  reacliing 
any  other  port  of  the  United  States.  The  Mexican  Government 
maintains  a  large  force  at  either  end  of  the  road  to  prevent  mer- 
chandise from  the  United  States,  entered  for  transportation  across 
the  Isthmus,  being  clandestinely  carried  into  Mexico  without  pay- 
ment of  duty,  while  the  United  States  Government  also  maintains 
an  agent  at  either  end  of  the  line  to  prevent  Mexican  products  being 
included  wath  those  of  the  United  States  crossing  the  Isthmus  and 
thus  obtaining  admission  into  this  country  free  of  duty  as  products 
of  the  United  States. 

Modem  steel  docks  at  the  eastern  and  western  termini  permit  the 
transfer  by  steam  and  electric  power  of  merchandise  frorcv  IW  W\^  <A 
2903^— BuU.  2—08 8 


354      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

the  vessel  direct  to  the  car  standing  on  the  dock  alongside  the  vessel 
ami  the  retransfer  from  car  to  vessel  by  the  same  manner.  The  time 
occupied  in  shipment  across  the  Isthmus  is  less  tlian  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  entire  time  occupied  in  the  transfer  from  the  hold  of 
one  vessel  to  that  of  the  other  vessel  less  than  forty-eight  hours. 
Regularly  established  steamship  lines  now  run  between  Coatzacoalcos 
at  the  Gulf  end  and  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  and  between  Salina 
Cruz  at  the  Pacific  end  to  the  western  ports  of  the  United  States  and 
the  Hawaiian  Islands,  while  various  lines  connecting  with  foreign 
countries  also  touch  at  the  eastern  and  western  termini. 

This  sudden  and  large  increase  in  the  interchanges  between  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  ports  via  the  narrow  strip  of  land  which  separates  those 
oceans  is  chiefly  due  to  the  opening,  early  in  1907,  of  the  Tehuantepec 
Railway,  which  connects  the  waters  of  those  two  oceans  by  a  land 
haul  of  but  190  miles,^  its  termini  being  Coatzacoalcos  on  the  Atlantic 
or  Gulf  of  Mexico  side  and  Salina  Cruz  on  the  Pacific  side.  This  enter- 
prise of  connecting  the  two  oceans  by  this  short  land  haul  of  less  than 
200  miles  was  planned  before  the  construction  of  the  earliest  trans- 
continental railway  in  the  United  States,  tlie  first  ctmcession  far  the 
road  having  been  granted  by  the  Mexican  Government  in  1857.  This 
and  subsequent  concessions  having  failed  to  produce  results,  the 
Mexican  Government  in  1882  itself  took  up  the  work,  makmg  a  series 
of  contracts  under  which  a  road  was  completed  from  ocean  to  ocean 
in  1894;  but  owing  to  defective  conditions  its  partial  reconstruction 
became  necessary,  and  this  reconstruction  was  accomplished  through 
a  partnership  arrangement  entered  into  by  the  Mexican  Government 
witli  a  British  firm,  the  road  having  been  actually  opened  for  business 
in  January,  1907. 

APPBOPBIATIONS  FOR  PUBLIC  WOBKI^. 

In  addition  to  expenditures  previously  authorized  for  public  ini- 
provemonts  throughout  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  an  Executive  decree 
was  promulgated  on  December  17,  1907,  providing  for  the  outlay  of 
10,690,000  pesos  (about  $5,345,000)  on  the  following  enterprises: 

For  port  works  at  Salina  Cruz  and  Coatzacoalcos,  in  addition  to 
sums  previously  authorized,  5,190,000  pesos  (82,585,000):  for  the 
erection  of  an  asylum,  1,500,000  pesos  (?75O,00O);  for  the  erection  of 
a  college,  1,000,000  pesos  ($500,000);  for  water  supply  in  the  Cit\iof 
Mexico,  in  addition  to  previous  authorizations,  3,000,000  pesott 
($1,500,000). 

COTTON  GBOWING  AND  IIANTJFACTTIBB. 

According   to   figures   recently   made    public,  the   apportionment 
of  revenue  lax  which  will  be  levied  upon  the  various  cotton  yam  and 


MEXICO.  355 

textile  factories  tliroughout  the  Republic  for  the  half  year  ending 
June,  1908,  will  amount  in  bulk  to  1,280,608  Mexican  pesos  (approxi- 
mately $640,304  United  States  currency). 

United  States  Consul-General  A.  L.  M.  Gottschalk,  of  Mexico 
City,  reports  that  one  of  the  most  productive  and  at  the  same  time 
best  developed  of  the  Mexican  industries  is  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  yams  and  cloth. 

The  yield  in  the  Laguna  district  is  only  50  per  cent  of  the  season  of 
1906-7,  and  the  total  supply  of  domestic  cotton  will  not  be  sufficient 
to  fill  the  requirements  of  Mexican  mills  for  the  1908  season  until  the 
new  crop  comes  on  in  tlve  fall. 

There  will  probably  be  required  between  25,000  and  30,000  bales 
before  September  1,  1908,  depending  upon  consumption  by  mills. 
This  will  probably  be  somewhat  less  than  tlie  preceding  season,  due 
to  two  facts:  The  unsatisfactory  labor  conditions  in  mills,  resulting 
in  shorter  time  and  less  output  for  machines,  and  a  furtlier  reduction 
in  raw  cotton  used,  owing  to  the  slightly  increased  proportion  of  liner 
yams,  which  reduces  consimiption  per  spindle.  Consumption  in 
1906-7  was  about  155,000  bales  of  500  pounds  each. 

The  aetual  conditions  at  the  present  time  are  just  the  reverse  of  a 
year  ago.  There  was  tlien  the  largest  crop  on  record,  about  170,000 
bales  at  a  conservative  estimate,  which  led  to  an  exportation  of  over 
50,000  bales  to  Europe. 

SIIiVEB  BASIS  OF  THE  CUSTOMS  AND  STAMP  TAXES. 

The  usual  monthly  circular  issued  by  the  Department  of  Finance  of 
the  Republic  of  Mexico  announces  that  the  legal  price  per  kilogram  of 
pure  silver  during  the  month  of  February,  1908,  is  $35.90,  Mexican  cur- 
rency, according  to  calculations  provided  for  in  the  decree  of  March  25, 
1905.  This  price  will  be  the  basis  of  the  stamp  and  customs  duties 
when  silver  is  used  throughout  the  Republic. 

CONSULAR  BEPOBTS. 

The  Mexican  consul  at  New  York  advises  that  in  November,  1907, 
t«n  vessels  proceeding  from  Mexican  ports  arrived  at  tlie  jx)rt  of  New 
York  laden  with  59,263  packages  of  merchaudLse.  During  the  same 
month  fourteen  vessels  cleared  from  that  port  destined  to  Mexico 
carrying  122,255  packages  of  merchandise. 

In  December  of  the  same  year  thirteen  vessels  j)rocooding  from 
Mexican  ports  entered  the  port  of  New  Y'ork  bringing  110,185  pack- 
ages of  merchandise.  In  tlie  same  montli,  fifteen  vessels  cleared  from 
New  YoA  with  117,229  packages  of  merchandise  consigned  to  Mexi- 
can ports* 


356      INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

The  products  coming  from  Mexico  consisted  of  libers,  hides,  coffee, 
rubber,  ores,  and  miscellaneous  articles,  while  those  shipped  to  Mexico 
were  made  up  largely  of  machinery  and  manufactured  articles. 

The  Mexican  consul  at  Philadelphia  advises  that  during  the  months 
of  October,  November,  and  December,  1907,  coal,  petroleum,  and 
powder  were  shipped  from  Pliiladelphia  to  Mexican  ports  valued  at 
$130,987.18,  $91,935.68,  and  $97,956.12,  respectively. 

The  Mexican  consul  at  Nogales,  Arizona,  advises  that  the  exports  of 
Mexican  products  to  the  United  States  tlirough  the  port  of  Nogales 
aggregated  a  value  of  $154,537  in  November,  1907.  The  imports  of 
Mexico  from  the  United  States  in  November,  1907,  through  the  same 
port  amounted  to  $569,233.72,  of  which  $68,601.86  originated  in 
countries  other  than  the  United  States. 


NICARAGUA. 

NEW  AGBICTJLTXJRAIi  LAW. 

For  the  purpose  of  promoting  by  all  possible  means  the  agriculture 
and  stock-raising  industry  of  the  Republic,  considered  as  the  prin- 
cipal resource  of  the  country.  President  Jose  Santos  Zelaya,  of 
Nicaragua,  under  date  of  November  22,  1907,  enacted  a  law  providing 
for  the  organization  of  a  Superior  Coimcil,  boards,  and  committees 
of  Agriculture  and  Stock  Raising.  The  Superior  Council  of  Agri- 
cidture  and  Stock  Raising  shall  be  composed  of  five  members,  and  it 
shall  reside  at  Managua,  the  capital  of  the  RepubUc.  Its  chainnan 
shall  be  the  Minister  of  Promotion.  There  shall  be  in  each  depart- 
ment and  in  the  Territories  of  San  Juan  del  Norte  and  Cabo  de 
Gracias  k  Dios  a  board  of  agriculture  and  stock-raising,  and  com- 
mittees in  the  towns  and  villages.  The  boards  and  the  commitees 
shall  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  Superior  Council. 

The  law  in  reference  has  29  sections,  and  is  divided  into  6  titles, 
the  first  of  which  is  on  the  organization  mentioned;  the  second,  on 
the  powers  and  duties  of  the  'Superior  Council,  the  boards,  and  the 
committees;  the  third,  on  the  duties  of  the  boards;  the  fourth,  on 
those  of  the  committees;  the  fifth,  on  the  powers  and  duties  of  the 
members  and  officers  of  said  bodies,  and  the  sixth  contains  general 
provisions.  The  Superior  Council,  through  the  Nicaraguan  consuls, 
shall  make  an  active  propaganda  abroad  for  native  agricultural 
products. 

BliUEFIELDS  WHABF  TAX. 

According  to  a  Presidential  decree  issued  on  November  5,  1907, 

from  December  1,  1907,  a  'Svharf  tax"  is  to  be  collected  on  all  pas- 

son<xers,  baggage^  and  freight  arfwiTv^  or  de\i«Lrling  from  the  custom- 


NICARAUGA.  357 

house  wharf  at  the  ''bluff'*  in  Bluefields.  Bananas  and  government 
mail  are  the  only  exceptions  to  the  following  tariff,  which  is  given  in 
soles y  now  quoted  at  42  cents  gold : 

SdUs, 

Package  weighing  100  kilos  or  less 0. 12 

Each  additional  100  kilos  or  fraction  thereof 12 

Lumber,  per  1,000  feet 1. 50 

Each  passenger 25 

Baggage,  each  piece 20 

Children  under  12  years : -. Free. 

The  reason  given  for  levying  the  above  tax  is  to  procure  funds  for 
the  purpose  of  repairing  the  wharf,  which  has  been  in  a  dangerous 
condition  for  a  long  time. 

BUBBEB  CONCESSION  AND  INDUSTRY. 

According  to  information  furnished  by  United  States  Consul 
Frederick  M.  Ryder,  of  San  Juan  del  Norte,  the  Nicaraguan 
Government  has  conceded  the  sole  right  to  gather  and  export  rubber 
from  the  public  domain  of  the  districts  of  San  Juan  del  Norte  and 
Siquia  to  Generals  Valle  and  Ascension  Flores  for  a  period  of  ten 
years,  dating  from  June  1,  1908,  at  an  annual  rental  of  $3,000  in  gold. 
He  further  advises  that  a  joint-stock  corporation  has  been  formed 
which  will  eventually  control  the  output  of  all  wild  rubber  in  the 
Government  forests  of  Nicaragua,  as  it  will  ultimately  absorb  the 
concession  above  noted. 

At  present  the  enterprise  is  a  consolidation  of  two  concessions 
granted  by  the  Government  as  owning  the  rubber  on  the  domain  of 
the  Republic  which  was  formerly  considered  the  property  of  the 
individual  or  rubber  cutter  discovering  and  locating  the  trees.  The 
new  corporation  will  be  known  as  the  '*  Atlantic  Industrial  Company,^^ 
with  headquarters  at  Managua,  and  will  have  a  capital  of  $300,000 
gold,  divided  into  3,000  shares  of  $100  each. 

One  of  the  leases  transferred  to  the  company  was  purchased  from 
a  party  who  received  the  original  concession  from  the  Government, 
agreeing  to  pay  therefor  an  annual  rental  of  $140  for  a  period  of  ten 
j-ears.  The  concessionaries  were  privileged  to  license  all  rubber 
cutters,  and  in  addition  to  levy  an  export  tax  on  all  shipments  not 
to  exceed  10  cents  per  pound,  which  has  been  collected  at  the  port 
of  Bluefields  ever  since  the  lease  became  operative. 

All  of  the  rubber  produced  in  the  territory  embraced  in  this  lease 
b  exported  through  the  consular  district  of  San  Juan  del  Norte  with 
the  exception  of  a  small  quantity  shipped  by  the  way  of  Cape  Gra- 
cias  a  Dios.  In  1905,  invoices  were  issued  covering  the  export  of 
449,609  pounds;  in  1906,  for  408,329  pounds,  and  for  1907,  the  amount 
probably  was  not  more  than  350,000  pounds,  owing  to  the  damage 
eaufled  by  the  hurricane  in  the  fall  of  1906.     k^avx  ^^Xatcv^X^  o\  'vXnr^ 


958      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

production  in  this  concession  is  500,000  pounds  a  year,  so  that  the 
export  tax  would  yield  the  lessees  $50,000  gold  annually.  Besides, 
the  licensing  of  cutters  and  the  furnishing  of  provisions  and  outfits 
would  amount  to  as  much  more.  Consequently  this  concession  will 
produce  a  gross  income  of  $100,000,  and  in  return  for  these  valuable 
privileges  the  Government  receives  from  the  company  $140  a  year. 
Another  concession  ^vill  probably  not  yield  as  much,  yet  the  sur- 
rounding conditions  indicate  an  abundant  supply,  and  the  inconie 
will  probably  reach  $50,000  annually. 


PANAMA. 

FISCAL  BE  VENUES  IN  1907. 

Fiscal  revenues  received  by  the  Panama  Government  during  1907 
aggregated  $2,439,301.68,  or  $5,436.05  in  excess  of  the  budget  esti- 
mate. The  respective  sources  of  these  revenues  in  1906  and  1907,  as 
far  as  published,  were  as  follows : 


From- 


1906. 


1907. 


Merchandise  taxod  10  per  cent 

Imports  o£— 

Liquors 

Tobacco  and  cigarettes 

Salt 

Matches 

Coflfeo 

Opium 

Port  dues  from  steamship  companies  . 

Distillation  of  liquors 

Slaughter  of  live  stock 

Postal  service 

Patents  and  trudennarks 

Tax  on  mines 

Stamp  tax 

Registration  fws 

Export  duties 

Real  and  in^rsonal  property 

Lotteries ." 

Mother-ol-pejiri  fisheries 

Government  proiwrties 

Consular  fees 

Light-houses 

Telegraph  service 

Miscellaneous 

Parcels  post 

Exchange 

Retail  liquor  Siiles 

Coastjil  rights 

Cattle  imports 

Puhlie  market 

Burials 

Interest  on  GovjTumenl  moneys 


S598,«d7.20        $757,964.90 


317.078.48 
45.847.70 
4.664.81 
11.90a  68 
11. 53a.  47 


Total . 


438.29^10 

205.47&83 

7.669.40 

19.563.38 

27, 412. 7« 
3. 183. 55 

10,875i57 

25.441.87 
127,588,77 

03.43QL95 
1.79&00 
2.629165 

51. 197.  44 
6.078. 17 

43.083.79 

39.152.42 

63.000.00 

600.00 

9.71&0CI 

80.51&U 
3.5XL63 
5.955.22 

22.I1&2B 
8.97LQ3 
5.597.59 

84.829.50 
42&l» 

1«.84L5D 

2.252.02 

1.084.35 

294.00a  00 


2.439.30L68 


PANAMA  TKANSIT  FOB  UNITED  STATES  MEBCHAHDISS  IK  1907. 

The  value  of  merchandise  originating  in  United  States  ports  mod 

shipped  over  the  Panama  Railway  to  other  parts  of  the  United  States 

or  foreign  covntries  amounted  dixTmg  tVve  ye«t  \W7  to  between  tw^riw 


PARAaiTAY.  359 

and  fifteen  million  dollars.  Of  this,  alx^ut  four  million  dollars'  worth 
was  merchandise  sent  from  New  York  to  the  western  ports  of  the 
United  States  and  about  seven  million  dollars'  worth  from  New  York 
to  Central  and  South  American  countries  fronting  on  the  Pacific,  while 
between  two  and  three  million  dollars'  worth  was  merchandise  sent 
from  San  Francisco  to  the  eastern  ports  of  the  United  States.  The 
shipments  via  Panama  from  New  York  to  the  west  coast  ports  of  the 
United  States  were  distributed  to  San  Diego,  Santa  Barbara,  Los 
Angeles,  Oakland,  San  Francisco,  Portland,  Seattle,  and  Spokane,  and 
those  to  foreign  countries  by  this  route  included  Chile,  Peru,  Ecuador, 
Bolivia,  Colombia,  Panama,  Costa  Rica,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Guate- 
mala, Mexico,  and  the  British  Columbia  ports  of  Canada.  These 
include  practically  all  classes  of  merchandise,  but  more  especially 
meats,  flour,  cotton  goods,  mineral  oil,  mining  macliinery,  manu- 
factures of  iron  and  steel,  and  miscellaneous  manufactures.  The 
movements  from  San  Francisco  via  Panama  to  the  eastern  ports  were 
sent  to  Tampa,  Philadelphia,  New  York,  New  Haven,  and  Boston,  and 
include  wines,  pig  lead,  quicksilver,  hides  and  skins,  and  miscellane- 
ous merchandise. 


PARAGUAY. 

OPERATION  OP  THE  PARAGUAY  CENTRAL  RAILROAD. 

The  only  railroad  operating  in  Paraguay  at  present  is  the  Paraguay 
Central  Railroad,  a  single  track  line  of  5  feet  6  inches  gauge,  running 
from  Asuncion,  southeasterly  to  Pirapo,  about  155  miles.  An  exten- 
sion of  60  or  70  miles  has  recently  been  commenced,  which,  when  com- 
pleted, will  bring  the  road  to  Villa  Encarnacion,  on  the  Parana.  Op- 
posite Villa  Encarnacion  is  Posadas,  the  terminus  of  the  Argentine 
Northeastern  Railroad,  a  standard  gauge  line  running  north  from 
Buenos  Aires.  When  the  Paraguay  Central  connects  ultinmteh^  with 
the  Argentine  Northeastern,  at  Posadas,  it  >\'ill  bring  Asuncion  within 
50  hours  of  Buenos  Aires,  by  an  all-rail  route.  All  traflic,  however, 
will  be  subjected  to  two  transfers— the  first  ferry  being  at  Villa  En- 
camacidn,  and  the  second  from  Ibicui,  in  the  Province  of  Entre  Rios, 
to  Zacatc,  in  the  Province  of  Buenos  Aires.  According  to  the  United 
States  Consul  at  Asuncion,  undoubtedly  the  completion  of  this  all-rail 
route  to  Buenos  Aires  \nll  be  of  great  importance  to  Paraguay,  but  it 
will  not  supply  the  needs  that  exist  for  the  direct  easterly  outlet  to  the 
Atlantic,  nor  would  the  completion  of  this  route  affect  the  workings  or 
traffic  of  the  line  to  the  coast. 

The  movement  of  traflic  on  the  Paraguay  Central  Railroad  is  stead- 
ily increasing,  the  freight  in  1905-6  amounting  to  102,\'1I  \.o\\&,^c^^Koas\» 


360      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

69,869  tons  in  1904-5.     The  passenger  traffic  for  both  years  was  as 
follows : 


Passengers. 

1904-5. 

19a5-6. 

Increase. 

First-class 

56,305 

74.454 

559.131 

107.369 
119.944 
744,208 

51,061 

Second-class 

45.490 

Third-class - - 

185.077 

Total 

689,890 

971,521 

281.631 

The  total  receipts  from  passenger  and  freight  traffic  during  the  year 
were  S347,74(),  an  increase  of  $79,058,  or  29.43  per  cent  on  the  pre- 
vious year.  The  expenses  were  $228,001 ,  an  increase  of  43.55  per  cent, 
wliich  is  explained  by  extensive  repairs  to  bridges  and  culverts,  the 
renewal  of  sleepers,  of  which  over  19,000  were  used,  hea\Tr  repairs  to 
locomotives  and  rolling  stock,  and  also  to  the  increased  cost  of  labor  in 
the  Republic.  The  net  receipts  were  $119,729,  an  increase  of  9.01  per 
cent,  but  it  was  necessary,  owing  to  the  delay  in  effecting  a  settlement 
with  the  Government,  once  again  to  employ  the  net  receipts  in  the  pur- 
chase of  plant  and  materials  for  the  betterment  and  special  renewals  of 
tlie  rolUng  stock  and  property. 

The  passenger  mileage  amounted  to  17,168,000,  which  was,  however, 
a  decrease  of  6.18  per  cent  as  against  the  year  previous.  This  was  due 
in  a  great  measure  to  the  stoppage  of  traffic  for  seventeen  days  in  April, 
due  to  a  strike.  The  passenger  movement  is  phenomenal  for  a  small 
railway,  and  shows  signs  of  continual  expansion.  The  local  train  sys- 
tem is  being  extended  to  Paraguari,  a  station  for  a  large  di^^trict,  45 
miles  from  Asuncion.  The  rolling  stock  consists  of  14  locomotives,  55 
coaches,  and  171  cargo  cars.  The  length  of  the  line  is  155  miles.  Its 
extension  of  70  miles  to  Encarnacion,  to  meet  the  Argentine  North- 
eastern Railway,  which  is  being  extended  to  Posadas,  will  be  beneficial, 
and  will  join  Paraguay  l)y  railway  with  Buenos  Aires. 

An  agreement  ratified  by  the  Paraguayan  Congress  on  July  20, 1907, 
provides:  (a)  All  outstanding  claims  between  the  company  and  the 
Government  have  been  abandoned;  (b)  the  Government  surrenders 
the  issue  of  £210,000  ($1,021,965)  preferred  shares;  (c)  the  company 
is  free  to  fix  its  own  tariff  so  long  as  not  more  than  6  per  cent  per  an- 
num is  paid  on  the  shares;  (d)  the  company  acquires  freedom  from  all 
taxation,  municipal  or  otherwise,  for  a  period  of  25  years;  (e)  the 
company  undertakes  to  extend  the  line  to  Encarnacion  within  sLx 
years,  a  distance  of  about  70  miles. 

RUBBER  GROWING  IN  THE  REPUBLIC. 

Reporting  on  the  rubber  resources  of  Paraguay,  United  States  Con- 

sul  Edward  J.  Norton  writes  from  Asuncion  that  during  1907  some- 

thing  over  2,000  kilos  were  expo'-ted,  \)Tmc\)jally  to  Prance,  the«e 


PARAGUAY.  361 

shipments  representing  the  result  of  recent  efforts  made  to  develop 
the  rubber  industry  in  the  Republic.  Lack  of  capital  has  been,  and  is 
still,  an  obstacle  which  has  obliged  those  interested  in  the  production 
of  rubber  to  work  on  a  very  limited  scale. 

The  principal  rubber-producing  trees  and  plants  of  Paraguay  are: 
(a)  A  species  of  the  Hancomia  speciosa,  called  by  the  natives 
*'mang4  ic6'^  or  '^mangaba;^'  (b)  the  ^^manihot-glaziovii"  of  the 
mandioca  species,  and  (c)  many  varieties  of  ^Uianas"  or  vines  which 
grow  in  the  forests  of  the  Paraguayan  Chaco. 

The  '^mang^  ice''  is  abundant  in  the  northern  section  of  Paraguay 
and  is  also  found  in  the  southern  and  central  parts  of  the  Brazilian 
State  of  Matto  Grosso.  It  grows  wild  in  open  spots  and  in  the  clear- 
ings around  the  edges  of  the  forests  (but  never  in  the  forests  them- 
selves) and  in  the  sandy  soil  so  widely  distributed  over  Paraguay. 
The  tree  attains  a  height  of  from  15  to  20  feet  and  bears  a  small  fruit 
annually.  This  fruit  contains  the  seed,  and  attempts  at  cultivation 
have  shown  that  the  entire  fi'uit  must  be  planted  to  insure  germina- 
tion. The  wild  growths  of  the  manga  ic6  are  widely  distributed,  but 
experiments  h^^ve  demonstrated  that  the  tree  responds  quickly  to 
cultivation.  Ground  is  prepared  for  a  nurser^^  in  which  the  fruit- 
bearing  seeds  are  planted  and  where  the  young  shoots  may  be  pro- 
tected and  shaded. 

The  trees  grow  rapidly  and  are  ready  for  tapping  in  from  five  to 
seven  years.  Some  of  the  largest  trees  are  reported  to  be  from  5  to 
6  feet  in  circumference.  In  the  experimental  nurseries  started  some 
time  ago  60  per  cent  of  the  seed  germinated  and  produced  healthy 
plants.  Experiments  made  as  to  the  yield  of  rubber  from  the  plants 
give  an  average  of  about  one-half  pound  of  gum  from  the  first  tap- 
ping. Subsequent  tappings  give  Ix^tter  results  and  large  trees  have 
yielded  over  4  pounds  of  rubber.  There  are  immense  numbers  of 
the  mangd  ic6  in  a  w41d  state,  but  their  growth  is  widely  scattered 
and  makes  the  cost  of  production  rather  expensive,  more  especially 
as  labor  in  Paraguay  is  scarce.  It  has  been  estimated  that  300  trees 
may  be  planted  to  each  hectare  (2.471  acres),  and  that  upon  reaching 
maturity  the  trees  may  be  tapped  every  three  years.  This  latter  is 
a  debated  and  rather  imdetermined  point,  as  some  claim  that  the 
tree  may  be  tapped  with  safety  every  year. 

The  quality  of  rubber  derived  from  the  manga  ic6  is  not  of  the 
best  quality,  but  this  may  be  due  in  a  measure  to  the  rather  crude 
manner  in  which  the  sap  is  coagulated  and  the  lack  of  capital  to 
properly  handle  and  prepare  the  product.  Coagulation  is  now 
effected  by  placing  the  sap — a  white  liquid  of  about  the  consistency  of 
cream — in  water  to  which  a  small  quantity  of  alum  has  been  added. 

The  rubber  thus  produced  has  been  sold  to  exporters  in  ^Vsuncion  for 
shipment  jbo  Europe  at  prices  ranging  from  $1.20  to  $1.5^  ^oW\*^tY^q. 


362      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

The  second  class  of  rubber-producing  trees  of  Paraguay  is  the 
"manihot-glaziovii"  of  the  mandioca  species.  This  tree,  it  is  said, 
is  also  found  in  Brazil  around  Ceara,  and  is  also  reported  as  being 
cultivated  successfully  in  Ceylon  and  in  the  Kongo  Free  State.  It  is 
a  tree  of  rapid  growth,  and  in  Paraguay  is  found  in  the  Chaco,  or 
western  portion  of  the  Republic,  where  its  growth  is  not  confined  to 
any  particular  soil,  as  it  is  found  in  swampy  land  as  well  as  in  the 
semiarid  sections  of  the  northern  Chaco.  Little  is  actually  known 
here  of  the  value  of  the  product  of  the  ''manihot,^'  as  nurseries  set 
out  some  time  ago  were  abandoned  on  account  of  lack  of  capital^  but 
the  rubber  of  this  tree  is  said  to  be  much  superior  in  quality  to  that 
of  the  '*mang4  ic6,^^  as  some  of  it  has  sold  for  $2.30  gold  per  kilo. 

The  sap,  also  white,  coagulates  upon  exposure  to  the  air  and  the 
trees  aYo  said  to  grow  to  a  height  of  about  40  feet,  and  first  tappings 
from  young  trees  yield  about  one-half  pound -of  rubber.  The  pro- 
duction increases  yearly  until  a  maximum  yield  of  from  10  to  12 
poimds  is  secured. 

The  ^^manihot-glaziovii"  is  reported  to  be  the  most  valuable  of 
the  rubber-producing  trees  of  Paraguay.  The  different  trees  men- 
tioned may  be  grown  or  cultivated  successfully  in  the  same  plantation, 
although  the  young  shoots  of  the  manihot  must  be  fenced  to  protect 
them  from  animals,  who  are  very  fond  of  the  tender  shoots. 

The  last  group  of  rubber-producing  plants  found  in  Paraguay,  the 
'lianas"  or  vines,  are  reported  to  yield  considerable  sap,  and  from 
the  majority  of  these  plants  the  gum  may  be  extracted  by  the  use  of 
machinery,  probably  a  process  similar  to  that  of  treating  the  ^'guar- 
ule"  shrub  of  Mexico.  However,  no  rehable  information  is  avail- 
able at  tliis  writing  regarding  the  value  of  these  vines. 


PERU. 

THE  CEBBO  DE  PASCO  MINES  IN  1907. 

In  a  report  covering  mining  development  in  Peni,  Mr.  Charles 
M.  Pepper,  wSpccial  Agent  of  the  United  ^States  Department  of  Com- 
merce and  Labor,  states  that  during  1907  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Com- 
pany shipped  20,152,000  pounds  of  copper  to  the  United  States, 
most  of  it  via  Panama.  In  December  the  quantity  was  2,500,000 
pounds,  tlie  highest  of  any  month  during  the  year.  While  freight 
facilities  to  the  coast  have  to  be  taken  into  consideration,  and  more 
particularly  the  congested  condition  and  the  insufficient  facilities 
afforded  commerce  at  Callao,  it  is  assumed  that  tliis  quantity  will  be 
maintained  as  the  monthly  average  during  1908,  and  the  total  ship- 
mcnts  for  tho  year  will  amount  to  80,000,000  pounds,  or  15,000  tons. 


PERU.  363 

From  this  quantity  a  gradual  increase  to  50,000,000,  and  later  to 
75,000,000  pounds,  is  predicted,  independent  production  supple- 
menting it.  The  Peruvian  prediction  is  that  the  ultimate  copper 
oatput  of  Cerro  de  Pasco  and  the  adjoining  districts  will  be  50,000 
tons. 

Cerro  de  Pasco  is  the  most  important  center  of  tlie  many  extensive 
American  mining  interests  in  Peru.  During  the  last  seven  or  eight 
years  a  group  of  capitalists  in  the  United  States  by  their  investments 
have  restored  the  prestige  whicli  the  region  gained  in  Spanish  colonial 
times  as  one  of  the  world's  greatest  sources  of  mineral  wealtli.  The 
difference  is  that  in  the  former  era  the  mines  were  exploited  for  the 
precious  metals,  principally  silver,  of  which  450,000,000  ounces  were 
taken  from  the  time  of  the  discovery  up  to  the  nuddJe  of  the  last 
century,  while  the  present  development  is  of  the  copper  deposits  wit^h 
silver  as  a  by-product.  The  iVmerican  investments  were  made  when 
the  fall  in  silver  rendered  the  operation  of  the  mines  for  that  ore 
alone  unprofitable,  and  after  investigation  had  confirmed  the  existence 
of  copper  deposits  wliich  assured  this  district  as  one  of  the  world's 
leading  sources  of  supply  for  an  indefinite  period. 

The  investment  of  actual  capital  up  to  1905  by  tlie  Cerro  de  Pasco 
Company  has  been,  according  to  the  representative  of  the  company, 
$17,500,000  gold,  including  largo  amounts  paid  for  niacliinery  bought 
in  the  United  States.  The  whole  Cerro  de  Pasco  district  is  testimony 
to  the  supremacy  of  American  raining  machinerj-. 

The  heaviest  expenditure  of  tlie  company  has  been  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  smelter  and  the  accessory  works,  including  coke 
ovens.  The  smelter  is  located  8  miles  from  the  town  of  Cerro  and 
half  that  distance  from  the  beds  of  limestone  wliich  are  used  for 
slaking.  Though  the  coal  mines  are  25  miles  away,  since  the  rail- 
way has  been  opened  there  has  been  no  difliculty  in  assembling  the 
copper  ore,  the  coal  for  coking,  and  the  lime  for  slaking.  wSome 
2,500  persons  are  now  employed  at  the  smelter,  and  the  colony  of 
Americans  is  considerably  larger  than  at  Cerro.  For  their  accom- 
modation commodious  buildings  have  been  erected  \Nith  detached 
cottages  for  families,  while  a  clubhouse  also  has  been  provided. 
Improved  living  quarters  for  the  native  laborers  are  being  constructe*!. 

The  town  of  Cerro  de  Pasco  is  in  the  heart  of  the  district.  In  addi- 
tion to  its  importance  as  a  mining  center  it  derives  some  reputation 
from  being  the  highest  town  in  the  world.  The  altitude  is  14,200 
feet.  Mon)Cocha,  in  the  neighboring  district,  where  a  grou])  of 
mines  are  operated,  is  15,000  feet  above  the  sea  level,  but  it  has  only 
a  few  score  scattered  inhabitants,  v>'hile  Cerro  de  Pasco  is  an  active 
little  Andean  city,  with  a  permanent  populaticm  of  10,()()(),  wliich  is 
easily  swelled  to  15,000  in  times  of  active  mining  exjJoitatiom     The 


364      INTEKNATIONAL   BUKEAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

majority  of  the  inliabitants  are  natives  of  the  sierra  and  are  **cholos," 
or  of  mixed  Spanish  and  Indian  blood.  They  are  the  chief  dej>end- 
ence  for  labor  of  all  kinds  both  in  and  out  of  the  mines.  There  is, 
however,  a  European  colony  which  includes  Austrian  Slavs,  Poles, 
Bohemians,  Greeks,  Spaniards,  and  Italians.  The  trade  of  the  dis- 
trict, both  wholesale  and  retail,  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Austrian  Slavs, 
some  of  whom  maintain  extensive  warehouses  and  import  their  goods 
directly  from  abroad,  while  others  are  supplied  from  Lima.  The 
Americans  include  the  superintendents  and  managers  of  the  mines, 
foremen,  mechanics,  railway  employees,  and  clerical  employees.  The 
Cerro  de  Pasco  Mining  Company  has  provided  comfortable  living 
quarters  in  a  central  administration  building  and  in  separate  build- 
ings and  cottages  for  them.  The  railway  yards  and  shops  are  located 
in  the  basin  of  a  lagoon  which  was  drained  by  the  company  and 
reclaimed.  The  entire  settlement  is  called  La  Esperanza,  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  the  town  proper. 

Cerro  de  Pasco  is  221  miles  from  the  seacoast  at  Callao,  the  line  of 
communication  being  over  the  famous  Central  Railway  through  the 
Galera  tunnel,  3  miles  above  sea  level,  to  Oroya,  a  distance  of  138 
miles,  and  then  83  miles  to  Cerro  over  the  railroad  which  was  built 
by  the  company,  and  is  owned  and  operated  by  it.  This  road,  after 
leaving  Oroya,  the  altitude  of  wliich  is  12,179  feet,  passes  tlirough  the 
canyon  to  the  pampa  of  Junin  and  then  ascends  to  Cerro,  the  maxi- 
mum grade  being  2^  per  cent.  A  branch  of  the  line,  25  miles  in 
length,  lately  has  been  opened  from  a  point  near  Cerro  to  the  com- 
pany's coal  mines  at  Gollarisquizga.  The  main  line  and  the  branch 
are  of  standard  gauge. 

SHIPMENTS  OF  VICTJlJ^A  HIDES  AND  WOOL. 

According  to  figures  recently  issued,  the  exports  of  vicuna  wool  and 
hides  from  Peru  during  the  last  five  years  reported  were  as  follows: 


Yenr. 


1^02 

U03 

1904 

1905 

190<» 

Total 


Wool. 


Hides. 


Pound*. 

Value. 

• 
Pounds. 

Value. 

4,078 

11,773 

2,eM 

MD 

7,864 

3,421 

3,832 

1.W6 

8.618 

3,739 

4,066 

2.198 

3,984 

4,502 

1,334 

1.078 

11,102 

12,002 

3,334 

1.297 

i^,646 

25,527 

15,260 

7.0M 

During  the  past  two  years  the  wool,  which  is  a  fine  article  of  a  red- 
dish brown  color,  has  been  much  in  demand  in  England  at  from  $1  to 
Si. 25  per  pound,  but  the  supply  is  rapidly  diminishing.     The  hides 
nifh  the  wool  on  are  also  in  demand  for  rugs  and  are  valued  at  from 
Slo  to  $50  for  (^ach  rug,  according  to  \\ve  c%.t^  m  selection/ 


SALVADOR.  365 

United  States  Consul-General  Samuel  M.  Taylor,  in  a  report  from 
Callao,  says  that  the  vicufia,  one  of  the  most  useful  members  of  the 
Peruvian  fauna,  is  in  danger  of  disappearing  from  the  elevated  plains 
of  the  Andes,  and  this  seems  to  be  so  much  realized  that  steps  are  to 
be  taken  to  prevent  their  total  extinction. 

THE  PEBUVIAN  COBl^OBATION  IN  1906-7. 

The  Directors  of  the  Peruvian  Corporation,  limited,  announce  that 
the  accounts  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1907,  show  a  profit  of 
£256,345  ($1,281,725),  after  deducting  the  usual  charges  and  interest 
on  the  debentures  of  4  per  cent.  The  Board  proposes  (1)  to  place  the 
sum  of  £50,000  ($250,000)  to  reserve,  making  a  total  of  £525,000 
($2,025,000)  at  the  credit  of  that  account;  (2)  to  make  up  the  de- 
benture interest  for  the  3^ear  to  6  per  cent  (by  pa3^nient  of  2  per  cent 
mlditional  interest  on  April  1,  1908);  to  pay,  on  January  21,  1908,  a 
dividend  of  H  per  cent  on  the  preference  stock  of  the  corporation, 
absorbing  £111,692  ($558,460);  to  ^\Tite  off  the  sum  of  £4,710 
($23,550)  on  colonization  account  and  £26,871  ($134,355)  in  respect 
of  claims  for  railway  services  canceled  under  the  recent  arrangement 
with  the  Peruvian  Government,  and  set  aside  £4,000  ($20,000) 
toward  the  insurance  fund  on  the  Lake  steamers.  These  providons 
will  absorb  the  above-mentioned  profit  of  £256,345  and,  in  addition, 
the  sum  of  £14,929  ($70,645)  from  the  balance  of  net  revenue  shown 
in  the  previous  3''ear's  accounts. 


SALVADOR. 

EXPORTS  DXJItINO  THE  FIRST  HALF  OF  1007. 

According  to  the  latest  oflicial  statistics  received  from  the  Republic 
of  Salvador,  the  products  exported  during  the  first  half  of  the  year 
1907  had  a  total  weight  of  50,079,904  pounds,  and  were  valued  at 
1 1 ,285,531 .03  pesos  ($5,642,700).  The  principal  article  of  export  was 
coffee,  the  shipments  of  which  were  valued  at  8,739,250.50  jksos 
($4,369,600),  followed  by  sugar  and  balm.  The  j)rincipal  countries 
of  destination  were:  Ignited  States,  3,543,438.83  pesos  (SI, 771, 700); 
France,  2,339,233.03  pesos  ($1,169,600);  (lennany,  1,S()2,289.13 
pesos  ($901,000),  and  Italy,  1,479,214.01  pesos  ($739,600). 

PORT  MOVEMENT,  FIKST  HALF  OF  1907. 

According  to  the  latest  statistics  received  from  Salvador,  the  port 
movement  of  the  Republic  during  the  first  half  of  1907  was  as  follows: 
Entries — 216  steamers  and  75  sailing  vessels,  with  13,313  crew  mem- 
bers, 15,648  tons  of  cargo^  1^747  passengers,  and  Z^l  \io^^^,  1,^^^ 


366      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

sacks,  and  337  packa^s  of  mail  matter;  clearances — tlie  same  number 
of  steamers  and  sailin<^  vessels,  with  343,116  parcels  of  native  prod- 
ucts, 1,551  passengers,  and  376  boxes,  844  sacks,  and  491  packages  of 
mail  matter. 

CUSTOMS  REVENUES,  FIRST  HALF  OF  1907. 

The  total  amount  of  revenues  collected  by  custom-houses  of  the 
Republic  of  Salvador  during  the  first  half  of  1907  was  2,880,388.44 
pesos  ($1,440,194.22),  of  which  2,280,144.82  pe^os  (»1, 140,072.41) 
were  from  import  duties,  564,586.22  pesos  ($282,293-11)  from  export 
duties,  and  the  rest  from  miscellaneous  receipts.  A  comparison  of 
the  grand  total  with  that  of  the  same  period  of  1906  shows  a  decrease 
against  1907  of  354,382.25  pesos  ($177,191.12). 


UNITED  STATES. 

TRABE  WITH  LATIN  AMERICA  IN  1907. 

The  total  volume  of  trade  between  the  United  States  aad.  Latin 
America  during  the  calendar  year  1907  was  represented  by  $558,- 
279,201,  composed  of  exports  $240,553,068  and  imports  $317,726,133, 
as  compared  with  $521,311,077  in  1906  and  $493,669,785  in  1905. 
An  increase  of  $36,968,124  is  thus  noted  in  the  latest  period  recorded, 
as  compared  with  the  preceding  twelve  months. 

Trade  values  with  Central  America  during  1907  aggregated 
$45,087,355  against  $38,690,379  in  1906,  showing  an  increase  of 
$6,396,970.  Mexican  and  United  States  trade  values  for  the  two 
periods  amounted  to  $124,698,413  and  $114,273,188,  respectively, 
the  increase  for  1007  being  $10,425,225. 

Trade  between  the  United  States  and  Cuba  was  represented  by 
$144,973,116  in  1907  against  $131,544,878  in  the  preceding  year. 
thus  showing  an  advance  of  $13,428,238  in  the  later  year.  The  small 
increase  of  $63,518  is  noted  in  the  trade  with  Haiti,  the  figures  for 
1907  and  1906  being  $4,366,273  and  $4,302,755,  respectively.  Con- 
ditions were  somewhat  better  with  regard  to  the  Dominican  Re- 
public, the  increase  in  1007  over  1906  amounting  to  $124,976,  the 
valuations  for  the  two  periods  being  $5,860,693  and  $5,735,717. 

All  of  vSouth  America  (including  the  Guianas)  figures  for  $233,- 
293,351  on  the  trade  lists  of  the  Ignited  States  in  1907  against 
$226,704,100  in  1006,  the  increase  of  $6,529,191  being  largely 
accounted  for  by  increased  exports  to  Brazil,  which,  took  United 
States  products  valued  at  $4,452,191  more  than  in  1906. 


UNITEI>   STATES. 


367 


Tlie  distribution  of  imports  and  exports  by  countries  and  articles 
are  detailed  in  the  following  tables,  from  data  prepared  by  the  Bureau 
of  Statistics  of  the  United  States: 


Countries. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Central  American  States: 

Costa  Rloi 

QoatemaU 

HondunM 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

Salvador 


DoUar9. 

4,715.olG 
2,822.<120 
2,204.702 
1,331.172 
I,448.fi^» 
1,210.2(52 


Dollar.^. 
5,281.^77 
4,24;{.795 
2,477.  iiet; 
1,202.S7S 
1,680.%3 
1,191.701 


DoOars. 
2,473,281 
2,980.072 
1,896,204 
2.041.231 

14, -239. 471 
1,321,765 


Total  CesKtial  ..\jncrican  States. 


13,738.355  i       16,078.790         24.952,024  i 


Mcdco. 
Cut)a... 
Haiti. 


Dominican  Republic. 


SOUTH  AMERICA.. 


AiBcntino  Rcpoldic. 

BoU\ia 

Brazil 

Chile 

Cdomhia 

Ecuador 

Falkland  Islands 

Goiana: 

British 

Dutch 

French 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Uragaaj . 
v« 


5l,999.2ti7  ; 

85,055.234 
1,036.330  I 
3,4()4.425  i 


18,291,363 


57,005.795 
92,429.2<i7 
1.220,420  i 
3.310.918  I 


86,47K.95» 
18.037,aS8 
0,669.461 
3.281,684 


16,171,129  I 


1,367.718 

688,187 

41.732 

1.200 

2,933,r,08 

2,453.013 

7,789,893 


85,436,070 

17,944.580 

6.466,429 

2, 835.  .395 

16,916 

350,792 

834.721 

27,128 

7,261 

7,006,298 

2,902.085 

7.590.139 


62,273,921 
46,489.644 
3,266,425 
2.271.292 


33,271.569 
242,616 
16,547.375 
9,392.453 
2.9(U,671 
1,834,756 
514 

1,936,826 

56^,122 

200,402 

110, 406 

5, 193, 455 

3,160,606 

3,310,518 


Total  South  Ami^rica 147,941,781-     147,<)S0.943         78.822,379 


DoUers. 

2,840,539 
2,310,583 
1,809.039 
1.790.598 
18,(i65.3a3 
1,592,473 

29,008,565 


67.692,618 
52,543.849 
3, 145,853 
2,549.774 


30,111,672 

1,502.622 

31,002,566 

11,439,821 

3,169,382 

1,884,107 

606 

1,826.146 

623.056 

262,580 

170,893 

6,876.217 

3,971,001 

2,771,739 


85,612,408 


IMPORTS  or  merchaxdi.sk. 


Dcccmbcr- 


Articlrs  and  cmintrir.««. 


mwt. 


Cocoa  ( Carao;  coco  ou  cacao;  cacao) : 

Central  America 

BnwU 

other  Sontii  America 


Coffee  (Cqfi;  caft;  caft): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Brazil 

Other  South  America . . . 


Dollars. 

5.074 

251.3.1-) 

l*i.223 


198.88r> 
69,762  I 
9, 041.. 11 3 
5S0.832  ! 


Copper  (Cobrc;  cobrr;  cuivrc) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Sooth  America 


Ffl»en: 

Cotton  unmanufaetured  {Algoddn  en  niina;  algotUw 
em  rama;  coton  non  manufacture): 

South  ^Vmerica 

Ixtle  or  Tampico  fiber  (Ixtlc;  ixtle;  ixtlc) : 

Me  xico 

BlMl  grass  {Henequen;  henequcn;  ftcncquen) : 

Mexico 


Fmlts: 
Bananas  {PlAtamM;  bananas;  hanancs » 

Central  America 

CntMi...^..^... 

South  America.. 

Oxaagcs  i29dranjat; larunjas;  oranges > : 

Mexico 

Cuba 


1.470.675 
4.4i)7  1 
41,973  ■ 


77.0.7.1 
IL'S.  K'.; 

i.s(>.';.:iH7 


342.017 
5.  734 


5,712 
1.052 


Dollars. 

7. 34r) 

'i82.92<i 

111.208 


90.944 

3.4.')«>.913 
640.837 


778.  451 

13.01.-I 

lii4. 110 


12  inonth.s  ending 
Docomtjor — 


1907. 


Dollars. 
•27.300 
2.169.326 
2.  im,  279 


I 


I 


D<jllars. 

51,294 
2.898,275 
2.580.222 


6.087.872 
2. 134.  l.')2 
.51.. ')«•>«*,  0!0 
9.412.226 


l.S.2.')0.442 

7:t.  ;>;«) 


7.  (>73. 095 

1.732.S(W 

■l«.».(KW,r»i5 

9.  LSO.  989 


17,S81.Sl.-> 

IXi,  141 

1.4I2.3<11 


w.o-\i        .')7s..v;i  <.:m.24o 

43. 04<i       u  ::j7.  .r»j         l .  1 31 .  5*>7 

rOl . M«.-|      1 4.  ^>'..  .>.(•        1  \.  153. 047 


24.83.3 


5.  485.  .7J3 
1.2(>».7I3 

t 


5.660,813 

1.097.815 

353, 145 


868      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


IMPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE— Continuotl. 


Articles  and  countries. 


Furs  and  fur  skins  iPicles  finas;  pelles  finas;peaujr) : 
South  America 


Goatskins  (PeV7f .?  de  cobra;  prllet;;  peaux  de  chivres) : 

Mexico 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 


Hides  of  cuttle   {Cueros   vacunos;  couros  de  gado; 
cuirsde  bctail): 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 


India  rublwir,  crudo  (Qoma  cldstica;  horracha  cruda; 
caoutchouc) : 

Central  Aint»rica 

Mexico 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 


Iron  OH)  ( Mineral  de  hicrro;  mineral  defcrro:  mineral 
dc  fcr)  : 
Cuba 


I/'ad  on'  (Plorno;  chumho;  plomb): 
Mexico 


Sugar,  not  above  No.  16  Dutch  standard  (A  zucar,  in- 
ferior (U  A'o.  16  del  modfio  holandcs;  as/tucar  nao 
fuptriorao  .\o.  16  de  padrao  hollandcz;  sucre,  jkis 
au^icssus  du  type  hollandais  No.  16): 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Brazil '. 

Other  Sout h  Am(  rica 


Tobacco  and  nianuf:ictun'.»  (  Talxico  y  sus  vianufac- 
tuni't;  t'jlnico  e  sva  mnnu/acturas;    Tabac  rl  ces 
vuinufacturcR): 
Cuba 


Wood,  nn ihojra n. V  <  Crtofeu;  mogno;  acajou): 
C<»nl  nd  Anu>rica 


Cul)a. 


Wool  (Larui;  lil:  laine)  • 
South  America- 
Class  1  (elothlnp") . . . 
Cla.ss  2  (combing) . . 
Class  3  (carix^t) 


Doce:iil>€r— 


Dollar,'. 
9,305 


l(»5,08(i 
171,327 


1907. 


Dollars. 
2,662 


162,284 
191,905 


176,922 
31,555 
20,530 

40.6PO 
12,522 

573,840 

y72,l»« 

60,949 

153,505 

3,860,999 

171,664 

48.251 

227,512 

1.415.  .544 

98.301 

13:^,713 

198,514 

341,748 

333,992 

763 
279,691 
458, 331 

836 
659,073 

530,575 

70.337 

l,726,r)8<i 

1.310.094 

12  months  cn-ilng 
Decern  Ix^r— 


190t'.. 


ri07. 


20,. 51 7 
54,970 
2,24<}  , 


91,481 


299,745  ! 


2,700,813 
1.741.492 
2.407.406 


1.540,526 
164.244 
214,256 

8,562,401 


773,101 

1.527.085 

28.317.263 

1.339,743 


2.178,997 
2.873.825 


79,345 

56,624.161 

965.933 

2.267.504 


19.  «i78.  «W7 


55.687  4(i9.037 

109.511  :i09.S3li  . 

5.088  109.721  ! 


Dollars.    I     Dclhr^. 


28.  .51 4 
29,142  j 


0.621.288 
301.195 
750.322 


17^.1 


2,443.  is: 
1.059.  Ho 
1.571.7*^-.^ 


1,363.024 
241.869 
237.153 

8,545.380 


779,618 

3.812,311 

27.896.929 

1,267,774 


2,522.710 
3.139.253 


1.023.574 

G7.197.6SS 

278.491 

7S2.877 


16.154.830 


6f«5.753 
781.0^1 
184.774 


5. 044. 5:26 
644.116 
410.  r» 


EX 

N^RTS  OF  MI- 

nto.s    agricolas; 
inrs  agricolcn): 

RCHANDIS 
'29JAr2 

3.  irn) 

501. 9S5 
10.343 
25.W)5 
18.740 

05.14«i 
12.810 
8.374 

21.844 
142 

42,  .348 

1.120 

K. 

.■529.  Ju-I 
114,113 
4.703.622 
103.950 
430.749 
287.429 

840.365 

1.003.842 

78.S5h 

226,063 
2.825 

363.7)09 

loi.gns 

Agricultural    iinplomont**    (Inxtrume 
instrununtos  de  agritultura;  mac? 

1 
1 

38.865  1 
9.991  ' 
407. 161 
28.612 
1,914 
27.236 

123.945 
6,365 
.3.850 

16.354 

26.620  . 
1.068  i 

519.  ICO 
139.1 1. *• 

Cul)a 

A  rgrntine  Republic 

3.558. 7.V 

Brazil 

Chil'^ • 

302,  OW 
433. 3£ 

Other  South  America 

215.  .VI 

AnImalH: 

Cuttle  (iriinadoracuuo:  gado;  bitaih: 
Mexico 

849. «? 

Cnhii  

399. 75K 

55.  <^ 

Hog.*  (<Vr(/o.v  porcos;  ])orcs): 

182.5i>i 

South  America 

8.5Si» 

Horses  ((-alxillos;  carallos;  chnauT): 
Mexico 

a0ft»337 

Shnt*p  (Ovejas;  otflltu.^;  brchi,s): 
Mexico 

79.587 

UNITED    STATES. 


869 


EXPORTS  OF  MERCTIANDTSE-rontimied. 


ArtlcW  uml  i^tjntili**. 


B  oofci  p  mA  pa .  etc.  <  Libfot^  mapatj  i  te,;  ff r  rt)^ ,  vtappa*f 

Ceatml  Amprica. .„_„.„ „ , „  „ , 

Mestco..... ^ 

Cut».,.,.. ...„,., 

Arfc«ntino  Republlo. . .  „ ,...,., ,.„,-,. 

Rmtll.,. --. 

thite ..--.. -.. 

Otbtr  Stmth  Amt*rl*Ti , „ , 

Com  (.Va*-;  nii'A<>;  mfll*): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba.... 

86uth  America 

Ojit s  iAi  fiH] .  i;  cvoine) : 

rKmr.rat  Ain-r..- 1 


lJeo':nJ»rr— 


12  mniithflpntMi>g 


1900. 


(     LI 


bli): 


tc^tr&l  America 

Me.^ico 

Baath  AmedctiL 

W%«tt  Hour  iHariiifi  dr  trigo;  farinha  de  trigo;  fnrine 

C(9itra]  AmiM-lr^ 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Brazil 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 


€arrli4C««i  etr.: 

Aatomobli**  {Autom&:HltK;  cutomovilrs;  automobiles)  : 

Meiieo ■' 

Sotlth  America ...... . , 

Can,  paueiiif r  and  frfUgJit  ( Trnus  para  pasage  y 
atrffa:  earot  de  paajsa^firoa  e  cargo:  tcagon^  dc 

CfrnUdi  .iJnuFka. .  ..*..... 


Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Chile 

Other  South  America 

Cydee and  parts  ct  (BitideUu  y  fus  accenorios;  bicy- 
clos  t  partes:  Bicyclettea  ct  Uurs  partiett) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Braiil 

Other  South  America 


Clockd  and  watches  (Relojes  de  pared  y  bolrilln:  rt lo- 
de bolso  y  ]uiT'iif :  horloges  d  montrts): 

LciJtral  .ViiJ<  rHA.       

Mai^lco  i 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

ChUe 

'  Other  South  America 


Coal  (Carbdn;  carvao;  charbon): 

Mexico 

C\iba 


28  J^ 
24,708 
10,**00 
9,024 

9,  in 


2,785 

41,070 

114,253 

1,430 

1,070 

4,447 

43,202 

1,316 

7,8fi8 
(i2,873 
3(i,970 


147,558 
6,726 

295,912 

127,923 
9,746 

125, 406 


:i«,243 
24,503 


5,b73 

19)^,448 

53, 90S 

453,092 

29,  :tf0 

42,7(i9 


7,  lf;2 

2,2tW 

590 

S24 

««7(i 


1.011 
5,  lv.» 

5;57  , 
■l.l.Vl 
7.  MO 


L'0«»,4M 


Copper  (Cohre;  ccbre:  cuim): 
Mexico.. 


Cotton: 

Cotton,  immanufucturcd  (Algoddn  tn  rarr.n;  al<joti<io 
em  rama:  colon  non  manujacturij: 

Mexico 

Cotton  cloths  {Tejidos  dc  algodfm:  faundai<  tU  algu- 
dAo;  coton  manufaeturt): 

Cait  ral  America 

Mexico 

CubA 


inoT. 


3K4KH 
H.0U7 

i,Viai  i 


12(*,fC>6 

1  :.,;*:« 

44,103  i 


Dolinr^. 

eL,5Ll 
268,7^11 
2S7ptt;i7 
in, 717 
112,203 
22.i,H7 

70,881 


2,217  55,203 

9,97;  1,148,390 

65>70  I  1,305,073 

1,7!2  I  13,327 


7,857 

l,a'M 

13,470 

2,013 


25,285 

55,184 
310,i)24 
20,454 


1,823  33,393 

3,694  I     1,536,587 

97,tX.3  !        361,543 


107,974  , 
9,2:«  i 
308,221  I 
128,018  I 
21,922  I 
125,253  i 


I 


.Ttl,(.01    I 

23,533 


109,255  I 
174,030  I 
1?2,105  I 
145,270  : 
250,056  i 
102,079  , 


10,401  ' 

4. (.95  , 

1,49S  . 

1,1-4)  I 

100 


l.-JnL' 
3.:;«.2 

0,  :fcis 

12..Vm 
2. 077 
.'».  .'^72 


L'i^i.  147 


li.J,7 


1,011,844 
118,443 

2,908.946 

l,292,(Ki7 
128,440 

2,424,855 


717,52:i 
ir4i,814 


2,008,9W 
l,7SO,505 
1.022.717 
l,5lH,o:U 
171,5<i7 
45:i,(«W 


ioo,::o:i 

31.1?*) 

10.  :m 
2(»,;:«i7 


17.(VtO 
7-M71 
71.7f.l 
77. 4N.'. 
.'iO.  .'>97 
40,o.')0 


3.  ia7.UsO 
2,<rJl.«Ki2 


Poflars. 
73,8S2 
347, 176 
304,602 
85,341 
07,227 
140,  W5 
131,109 


78,879 

963,840 

1,647,626 

10,244 

62,220 

51,429 

2iM,K01 

11,750 

28,386 

1,445,052 

4:i3,022 


1,905,445 
110,017 

3,52(i,549 

1,(>20,149 
194,606 

1,(>09,626 


(i20,807 
244,466 


1,(»31,270 
1,788,079 

845,229 
1,207,248 

:W5,618 
1,13H,918 


•.•2,  KHi 
49. 779 
10,844 
13,r.79 

i:i,:!(«H 


20.>.'.1 
f.2. 404 
70,  St»2 
111.717 
.)7, 179 
44.7ri 


:\.  1:73.  .'.♦.8 
:\;i.X  i:>l 


IJ^JJ/XtO 


i:...,4il 


no. .'ill  I    i,«i«.3,t>so  ' 
13,'J*»1  I        2M,in,i)  . 


1,».91.273 
2ll,rAK\ 


29039— Bull.  2—08- 


S70      INTERNATIONAL   BUREATJ    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 
EXPORTS  or  MERCHANDISE— Canttimed. 


Articles  and  cnuntrles. 


Cotton  cloths  ( TejUitt  de  alffod6n,'  /ftr«?wle*  dc  algo- 
AiKfiQline  RBmOillc..* ..  ,^* ** * ^ ..... , 

»TMfl ......_...... 


Doceniber — 
190t'..  1907. 


OiUr. 


Colombia 

Vnnczucla 

Other  South  America 

Wearing  apparel  (liopa  de  algodon:  roupa  de  algoddo; 
vHements  de  coton): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Other  SoHth  America 


Fibers: 

Twine  (BramarUe.:  harbantc;  ficclh): 

Arpentiiie  i^epttblic 

Other  South  America 


Fish: 

Salmon  (SaJmdn:  mlmao:  savmon): 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 


Fmita  utid  nuLn  {Fruias  y  nuccci;  fruitas  c  nozrs; 

C<\iarHl  AmpTirG. 

MesdflQ .  

Oubn 

Ht^ulh  Araeriea 

C9Liioo!^{;  iind  erttpe  sueiir  {Glucosas; glucoses: glucoses). 

ArpftntinB  KepubJic*  -  ► 

Otiier  South  Amtrico. 


liiMtnimmii^: 

KLpel rio  n iid «denilfJo  apparatus  {Aparatoa  eUctricns 
y  ciriiftfioK;  apparatus  rlrcfricof  r  ,^cifntificos:ap- 
parriU  Htctriqx^^s  (t  scicntitKiucf): 

Central  j\ineru:ti 

Mfflcteo,.,...-.- 

CMift. . . . .  - 

AtgPntLnf'lifipiibtic. 

Ibmrn  

HJtlif'r  Stmfh  Afn«rtf*ft 

KJectrkki I  mrtchinsry  (  Maquinaria  drcfnca:  jnnchinas 
tiritrhas:  matkines  ilictriqnrft): 

Canifu    \xiu  ricB 

iftrai™   

C^Uhji 

Argf'iiliiu'  Ucpublic 


IJni/.:i. 


OtlJ'T  South  AnnTi<  .i 

I\'lcpr.if)li  jiini  t''l<'i)b»»n('  iuslruiiH'iils  (Instrumrntos 
tflnjf^'ifhoi*  u  trlitdnitos:  in.ftrumrvto.'i  trlrgmphi- 
jo^  t  tthfjhtint       :  iififr-iuKnts  tfh'graphiqurt  rt 

Ofltit  TH      murUui 

Mi'^  fi  

Cul.) 


'AriT'  !:tino  Iteinil)li«'. 

ur^ii'il 

olhiT  Si>uth   ViiHTii- 


Iron  aii'l  Mtee!.  nnrnufartureH  of: 

St«'.  1   r.)il<   (i'arrihx  dr  arfrn;  trilhos  dr  aro;  r(.w7< 

C.'iitrj.l  Aui'iici 

M".\i(M> 

S'.ulh  AUHTii  a 

Slrurtur.il  ir<»n  jiiui  sh^'l  dlitrro  //  a>tro  /xirn  io;j- 

stnti '  inn:  h  rro  #  aro  itirn  ron.stnuriw: Jt  r  ft  ncfrr 

jiour  In  I  oil  struct  ion:: 
Mrxi.  ■< 


Cub. 


South  AriHTu-n 

Win'  f.-i  Inmttrt :  tirann 

(■t'niril  Ainohcti 

Aifxiift 

Cuba 


til  d,  Kr.. 


12  months  ending 
December— 


Dollarft. 
32,643 
36,630 
208,103 
82.r>W 
a5,481 
G7,r)6o 


27,114 
17,7r>5 
27.127 
0,649 


21,614 
10,326 


102 
71,790 


1R,246 
45,948 
44,282 
12,249 

7.085 
4,041 


5.251 
45.080  ' 
10.807  1 
12,792 

3.534 
12.112 


Dollars. 
10,327 
25,081 
6,699 
79,340 
27,aS2 
46,»V4 


in.  849 
95.  H5k\ 
r.4«l 
5.  .854 
Xi.  282 
13.  (WS 


117.210  ' 

142.2Sti 

4;i5.W.» 


82.041 

H>.02t« 

ll»'..ui2 

2J.2l>4 
57.H49 


1900. 

1907. 

TMlars. 

Dollar  f. 

271,484 

112.  SO.-^ 

47U,33S 

450.977 

988.027 

a=>4,7P7 

838,601 

T13,ls; 

470,962 

2R9.7.=il 

470,702 

516. 7.i.-. 

69,590  I  300.190 

29,995  i  240.513 

13.981  314,313 

13,587  111,038 


05,016 
8,920 


593 
79,935 


23,566 
36.775 
41,677  I 
12,053  I 

12,292 
815 


10.299 
12.095 
9.SJ2  ' 
13.198 
8,1)79 
6.471 


7,913 
78.801 
10,634 
46.041 
2S,922 

6.523 


1,178,824 
231,103 


3,512 
235,231 


112,530 
253.822 
203.010 
136,326 

96,050 
^524 


71,353 
4Q2.646 
14K,.T35 
130.936 

ra.0B7 

154.904 


47.  (»3 
1.049.097 
437.327 
UW.2S6 
530.494 
147.881 


21.K45  ^ 

19.094 

178,226 

2«V.  4.Vi 

S7.«i;«» 

4ti.s30 

990,141 

75a.  ft*) 

'2X  r>r>2 

40.542 

557.217 

a»S.7r.'» 

LM.077 

23.430 

347,  MO 

3DC.W7 

64. 4.^> 

74.845 

771.217 

1.237.W1 

(V»*.  l'I2 

25.744 

487.000 

rju.MT. 

174, 124 
♦>4,908 
181.459 


45.736 

r>l.t->43  . 
14.098 

18.210 
56.549 


G41. 178 

t4>4.141 

3.00S.778 


571,153 
356. 7QR 
451.186 

335,742 
W8.4» 
451087 


614.424 
456.198 
389. 5.W 
124,  .".(>0 


1.791.001 
271,240 


4.fiM 
i581.r4ti5 


ITU  3^1 
252. 1.-7 
2l9.SI3t 
17Q,Ui4 

61.793 
ft»92S 


85.  a^ 
373. 5t>i 
164.  Mv 
168.22«> 
11K..M» 


1.551..VJ 
74.1.L.". 
210.  »o7 
!»:il.7.Trt 
IS7.7>> 


!«0.3ir. 
l.tPC.  Wi 
2.427.1f») 


«3fi.4A3 
4S.4M 
a4.»A 

23ft.  ?U 
l.ORS.Sm 


UNITED   STATES. 
EXPORTS  OF  MERCnANDISE-Tontlnued. 


371 


Articles  and  countries. 


Iron  Aid  steel*  maanfactnres  of— Continued. 
'Wire  {AUimbre;  arame;  /iid«/cr)— Continued. 

Axgentine  B«M2bUc 

Bracil 

Other  South  America 

Builders'  hardware,  etc.  {Materialcs  de  metal  jiara 
eoHStruccUn;  ferragems;  materiaux  de  construc- 
tion enferet  acier): 

Central  Amerioa 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Aisentino  Republic 

Brazil 

CWk 

Colombia 

Venezuela 

Other  South  America 

Metal-working  machinery  (Afaquiriaria  para  trabajar 
metalet:  machinismos  para  trabaUtar  cm  metal; 
machinet  potur  traraUlrr  Us  mitauT): 

Mexico 

South  America, 


Docombor— 


12  months  ending 
December — 


190G. 


Finos  and  fittings  ( CaAcha;  tubos;  tuyawci: 

Centnil  America 

Mexico 

Cnho 

A  rgentine  Republic 

Other  South  America 

Sewing  machines,  and  parts  oi  (M&quinas  dc  coser  y 

8U9  acc€»OTios;    machinas  dc  concr  e  acccsoriog; 

maekines  H  coudre  el  Intra  parties): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Anvsntine  Republic 

BrazU ; 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 

Steam  engines,  and  parts  of  iLocomotoras  y  anesorios; 

locomotiva*  e  accesorios;   locomoti/s  ct  Irurs  ixir- 

ties): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brsril 

Otiier  South  America 

Tyi»ewriting  machines,  and  parts  of  {Meainot/ra/os  \ 

y  acctKorios:    machinas  dc  esvribir  c  acccsonos;  \ 

machines  h  tcrire  et  leu rs  parties) :  i 

Central  America 

Mexico 

C^oba 

AxfBentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 


Dollars. 
99,210 
31,488 
52,212 


29,083 
82,216 
30,109 
65.927 
49,723 
30,110 
7,385 
3.904 
32,405 


9.028 
13,058 

20.523 
104,421 
34,305 
11,800 
31,119 


Leather,  other  than  sole  ( Curro,  dixtiitio  dt  I  fh  mtflns: 
couro,  tiAo  para  solas;  ciiir.t,  autrty  fjut  imur  sr- 
meUes): 

Central  America 

Cu»»a 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 

Boots  and  shoes  ( Oalzados;  calcados;  rfiaus.un  x ;  .- 

Central  America 

Mexico 

l*olomt)ia 

Other  South  Ameriira 


Meat  a«4  dairy  proilBfts: 

Beef,  canned  {Came  dc  baca  en  latn.";  carnt  </*  bun  a  t.  m 
kitoM;  boatf  conservi) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

CDba 

South  J 


1907. 


1900. 


DdUars. 
184,119 
76,434 
90,910 


35,089 
49,101 
30,894 
59.800 
05,598 
2,tkS3 
9.353 
2,772 
27,979 


2,888 
22,199 

38,749 

153.830 

115,522 

5.515 

14. 1'29 


3.17.-, 
1,.Vk-) 

2,734 


9.280 

ll,3&-> 

39,rK)0 

.W.-'HO 

7,870 

20.410 

68,125 

20,422 

40.974 

53,781 

0.90.'i 

r>,rMi 

30,132 

28.2(*4 

104.063 

2..'K)0 

207.a=>l 

4A,fKlO 

178.090 

78,430 

20.>.8:r» 



70.470 
;i8,.S29  I 


Dollars. 

l,509,3(ie 
227,426 
487,072 


343,784 
1,079,395 
567,097 
828,540 
481,037 
297,411 
70. 344 
58,3(>8 
308,155 


68,499 
85,920 

689, 32<i 
1,548.127 
432,893 
141.  (i54 
250,931 


138,170 
7l»r».  747 
31S.0(>3 
6a:{.433 
3.%.  439 
70,929 
42;J,087 


1,301,872 

1,2.^.228 

647,498 

482,310 

002,080 


3,21,-» 

ll.ft-»4 

40.887 

;J3,707 

20,118 

373,152 

4,(W9 

0,l»f«K 

72.261 

^^..^iM 

I0,.'i00 

110,22.5 

r..  ■!;« 

o..va 

02.<l09 

ft.>l 

Mli 

11.8(W 

i.i.fMo 

10.  -isi 

107. 3«>4 

21.^-7 1 

'2\  I.JO 

2^)7^t\' 

\2.M\ 

12.  a.  4 

1 -.;<..-.  10 

I7.cif>l 

]i-.A]^ 

274.  ;qi 

S.«»70 

12. 1'.rj 

i.-.i..v;2 

i;;.Mo 

24.  .s'>;{ 

2r*.{.  712 

1 

07,21^ 

s-t..'«l 

.■;i4.441 

a-.,7«M 

ni.ojis 

l.'ttii.rrtw 

4.M7 

:i.2M 

."'♦.  V.r2 

,>l..-.12 

44.1C.4 

371.072 

1.221'. 

402 

1.044 


Cu\  7;i3 
2s.a-»;< 
2i),«>v'> 
4.-.,374 


1907. 


Dollars. 
1,493,109 
411,074 
681,760 


378,371 
1,149,006 
611,350 
680,781 
013,110 
377,137 
96,483 
42,902 
384,384 


92,773 
188,310 

682. 58<) 

1,024,<>48 

1,111,Uk} 

123,555 

295,243 


14;i..'il7 
732.<»3l 
2W,721 

541.;{08 
80.0.19 
493,7.73 


840,002 
407, 7a') 
710.00(> 
200. 491 
74."),  770 
1.12:),s-.0 


02,270 

89.  :m 
107.  •.>79 
i*^,  727 
21.«rjs 
22«...-.(JU 


201.2;«4 

2t>",.rK.v, 
221.:;  r. 

7J7. 7x7 

l.rif'-2.>i2 

47.V71 

4»^.  4(r» 


7s.K»l 
20.«J12 


872      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEPUBUCS* 

EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE- Continued. 


Articloa  and  crruntrics. 


l^Mt  And  duller  products^-ContLnupd. 
Beet.  BAlteii  or  plrklftl  ( Came  demvQ  ialoda  t  Qd&bada; 
camcdr  i?arca,  sai^do;  boeuj  mil): 

CeiitriLl  A tiierka* , „ .,.».... 

SoatL  A  meritA , , 

Tallow  {S€bo;  iihet;  tuif): 

Central  Amerk'^.  ,*...►,*„,,.,,.,,,_ , , . , . 

Mexico .,...,.,„...*.,.....,* w . 

Cuba .„. 

Chile , 

Other  South  America. .......,..,.,....,.,„,. 

Bacon  (  Tocino;  toucinho;  lanifamt): 

Central  America. „ . 

Mexico .„_.;„.„.,.,, „  „ 

Cuba ....„, .„„.. 

BrA7.il  „ 

Othtjr  8€utli  Amerlni ,......»,......,..,..». 

Huih!i  iJamon^v;  presanto^j  j^flt6oii4>: 

Central  America. ..,,,..**-.»*.,..... 

Ifexlco , „..»...,....,. 

C  u  lj  ft  »»»,..„.  „ 

Venezuela ....,.„*,. , , . 

Ottjer  South  Arpcrlca. ,  »,,,»„.....»...,*..„, 

Pork  {Carfte  dt  pucrco:  camt  de  porco;  jmrc] : 

C  uba ,.„..,,,,,.,,.,, 

^oiith  Amerita . . ,  _ , , . . , . ..,..„., 

Lard  ( .\f{ntt€Cfi;  baiilia:  taindouz): 

Central  America* » ,  * ..*..,,. 

Mexico ,  * .  * , . 

Cuba _.. 

Brazil *„*., .„., 

Chile ....__..,.. 

Colombia .,...* 

Venezuela ,„.,..,.. 

Other  South  America.  ...*.*„.„ ...,.., 

Butter  ( Mantequilla;  manteiffa:  beuwe) : 

Central  Amenca. . ..*„.......,*. , , „ . 

Mexico .....,, , 

Cuba .....,„..„. 

B  razi  1 .,..,. 

Venezuela ,  ^ 

Other  South  America.  .,„,....... ^..'.[[ 

Cheese  (Oueso;  qucijo;  fromtifffj : 

(Antral  America ,,. 

Mexico 

Cuba ., 


Dumber— 


10OIL 


NavAl  stores; 

Rosin,  tATt  ete*  {Retina^  ^^uitmn,  tici  rcjfna  eukiQ^ 
trda;  r€^ine  €t  ffoiidron}.* 

Cuba , ...-,. ,..,. 

Argentine  Republic , , , , 

B  ra  z  il ......... , .,„»......* 

Other  s- 1 1  ith  America , , 

Turpentine  (ilgruarra^;  aj^uamz;  tir^henthintt: 

Central  America.  ..*.....*. ...„,.,, 

Cuba .., .„,.. , 

Argentine  Republic. , , 

Brazil ..,„ _. .,,..  ,. 

Chile 

Other  South  Amork  ii . 

OIIh: 

Mineral,  cnuleiAceitfg  mintmh^:  cT^ti9*  oU&i'  min- 
erirjt,  crug;  huilc^t  minfmltn^  brvtrn: 

Mexico , . . , *....*,,... 

CuhiL ..„. , 

Illuminating  {Aciiftf  jHim  aiumttrtaioj  <»/coff  puru 
at ti  in  ijHtQao;  A u Uti  d' tela mifff) : 

TiMit  tni  I  A  mcrir-ji. .,,..,....... 

Cuba 

Argontii»4i  Republic .... . . 

Brazil ..,. 

Ctilip.,, .„.....,. 

Other  Month  Am^rlm. 

Lnhrtciitbug  (AcaktJt  pftraiattthricacian;  eiiQg  para  lu- 

Ift%  ko. ♦.*...-.........,.... , . 


Arifftititw  Republic* 

limrM :... 

Chile 


10,103 
23,604 

7,191 

1,S4B 
105 

-m 
%m 

2.5S3 

30,071 

31^726 

830 

1&,43& 

6,2<7 

05,221 
27,665 

47,075 

30a«SD5 

331.091 

17.(591 

2.913 

15*  on 

45,381 

U5oa 

13,753 
8,183 

10,17§ 
2.103 
0,300 

0,M6 
4^J132 


R,1S1 
7S.15» 
51.031 
38,<I»2 

2,811 
4,7M 

U.9Qfi 
0,5fig 


53, ££0 

:»,«tl{i 

3(1,702 
23,215 
^,012 

231,  Mli 
10,000 

103,101 


32,fiO 
43,451 

53,(3171 


10G7. 


13,472 
16.635 

14.087 
4,3M 
1,344 


1,837 

i,gi7 

4,  OBI 
43,7T3 
30,102 

2,055 

14,040 
13,184 
40,287 
5.313 
3,3:82 

51,074 

23,061 

61,777 
00,824 
231,205 
fil,4Q5 
11,383 
8>823 
10^266 
64,07S 

10,000 
0,273 
2,476 
1,028 
3.270 
1,18U 

7,ri5fi 

7,003 
4,100 


10,063 
21,537 
117.1^ 

20,874 

1^448 

8.a~i4 

2W..1S4 

10,8D1 

42fi 

*,7aa 


B0^832 


25,804 
104,  HtH 
273,001 

3,32R 


11,.<XB 

Ai,Ba 

VjlOS 


13  months  ending 
Deeeinbcr — 


1000. 


10Gf7, 


ITDOort. 

n7.«ao  I 

261,535  1 

130,617 
12,415 
10,885 

51,810 

32,170 
47,«5 

515,008 
183.060 
10,!)^ 

110,3US 

99,7V2 

573,454 

40,773 
70,530 

670,006 
2S8,53fi 

fi00,65l 
M7,170 
2,280,250 
134,442 
175.404 

207,703 
002,010 

152,020 
138^570  I 
(EI.H06 
110.343 
93,530  ' 
51,300 

75,500 
43,454 
15,631  ; 


73»Si» 
521.452 

651,818 


40,608 
8D,53S 
2S4,0UT 
153,130 
0l,0M 
81,533 


067, ana 

£75,S34 


770,144 

IH,W4 

l,0i5,784 

2,572.110 

eu,3Ge 

1,001,052 


283,700 


iMstlil 


1«1,0S8 

U0.207 
40.47S 
72,  BS 

A2is0i 

45,281 

66,173 

£73,75g 

2IO,5«e 

25,654 

174.313 

141,303 

6»,»6g 

46,QC!1 

70,  «l 

S06.6«iT 
376,045 

630.  £51 

806.400 

3,061.646 

L 106. 333 

157.206 

80.401 

134.218 

642,370 

101.224 

03,313 
44. 1« 
^.411 
41.^1 

S2,4]« 
30.311 


06,061 

saa,7TC 

TW.iTO 
335^437 

41,S3 
ft4.348 
360.512 
16C^.4« 
130,  75i 
OS.  222 


1,121.:^ 
iS2,30l 


3S4.«« 

190,671 

l.m^6<i 

X671',907 

T4|,3tt 

1,237.186 


i:i,«M 
3«»«r 


UNITED   STATES. 
EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE-Ck)ntlnued. 


373 


Articles  and  countries. 


Otlft— Continued. 
Vegetable  (A elites  rcgetalen;  olcos  regetaes;  huiles 

vigitaUi): 

Central  Ainerica 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Braril 

Chile 

Other  South  America 


Paper  {Papel:  papel;  papier) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  South  America 


Paiaflln  (Parafina;  parajfina:  parajjine) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

South  America 


Tobacco,  nnmannfacturod  ( TaJbaco  em  rama;  tobacco 
nao  manu/acturado;  tabac  non  manufacture) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Argentine  Republic 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 

Manufactured  ( Tabaco  elaborado;  tabacco  manvfac- 
turado;  tabae  manvfacturi) : 

Central  America 


December— 
1906.  1907. 


I 


DcXlarii. 

3,815 

67,407 

10,063 


Wood,  unmanufactured  {Madera  sin  labrada;    ma- 
deira f»ao  manufacturada;  bo  is  brut) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  South  America I 

Lumber  (3facl<mi«;  madeiras;  bois  de  construction) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  South  America 

Furniture  ( Muebles;  mobUia;  meubUs) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Venezuela 

Other  South  America 


28,246 

956 

9,163 

4,199 
17,608 
44,179 
719 
7,359 
9,782 


2,901 
50,917 
5,881 


4,074 

17,939 

650 


23,340 


173,790 
160,270 
204,388 
495,899 
97,(i«9 
182,203 
115,690 

10,614 
St),  7S5 
44,218 
a5,029 

4,282 

10,364 

956 

1,563 
11,355 


Dollars. 

4,689 

149,343 

14,438 

10,678 

26,166 

20 

13,617 


7,747 

23,751 

13,940 

845 

124 

7,956 


7,284 

50,767 

4,195 


4,798 

16,681 

11,178 

1,205 

8,599 


3,845 


51,537 
137,248 


12  months  ending 
December— 


56,635  I 
2,200 

122,183 

238,181 

100,513 

573, 412 

18,731 

69,184 

95,390 

32,346 

94,918 

71,730 

51,553 

18,701 

452 

1,418 

440 

8,338 


1900. 


Dollars. 

39,350 
787,918 
213,392 

78,575 
249,917 

49,357 
162,439 


40,625 
166,533 
303,508 

32,830 
100,051 

84,438 


63,780 

528,782 

42,315 


68,427 
110,086 
31,454 
15,128 


60,378 


644,692 
1,278,899 
172,750 
163,927 
218,703 


1,213,368 
2, 154, 107 
2,358,171 
5,110,885 
870,014 
831,458 
1,189,626 

288,592 

917,965 

574,850 

351,047 

03,552 

79,009 

18,132 

10.  RW 

l(XS,Oiy 


1907. 


Dollars. 

63,128 
1,101,560 
241,732 
108,638 
599,168 
160,334 
267,138 


84,839 
252,912 
158,563 
9,055 
180,921 

97,956 


656,649 
64,127 


57,086 

147,333 

205,055 

12,669 

90,899 


97,902 


691,141 

1,734,  on 

60,766 
106,508 
126,272 


1,254,390 
2,712,264 
2,340,890 
4,363,523 
822,739 
1,517,046 
1,599,929 

370,026 

1,053.020 

737.928 

51K, 194 

105. 452 

103.541 

17,393 

1«.<»04 

143, 185 


FOBEIGN  COMMEBCE  IN  1007. 

Figures  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  tlie  United  States  for 
the  calendar  year  1907  sliow  a  total  foreign  eomnierce  valued  at 
$3,346,684,960,  in  which  iini)orts  figured  for  81,423,289,693  and 
exports  for  $1,923,395,207.  An  advance  of  8227,939,954  is  thus 
indicated  as  compared  with  1906,  when  total  foreign  trade  aggregated 
$3,118,745,006,  composed  of  imports,  81,320,501,572  and  exports 
$1,798,243,434.  The  trade  balance  in  1907  was  therefore  8500,105,574, 
as  compared  with  $477,741,862  in  the  precedmv;  ye^^x. 


874      INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

Of  llic  total  imports  cited  for  1907  more  than  one-half,  or 
$736,959,040,  were  of  European  origin,  an  advance  of  over  $35,000,000 
as  compared  with  1906.  In  the  $26,000,000  increase  noted  in  this 
branch  of  trade  with  North  America,  Mexico  is  represented  by  more 
than  $5,000,000  and  Central  America  by  over  $2,000,000.  From 
South  America  import  values  remained  practically  imchanged,  the 
figures  for  1907  being  $147,080,943,  and  for  1906,  $147,941,781.  Both 
years,  however,  show  an  advance  of  nearly  $3,000,000  as  compared 
with  1905.  From  Asia  imports  increased  more  than  $19,000,000; 
from  Oceania  more  than  $9,000,000,  and  from  Africa  more  than 
$10,000,000. 

On  the  export  list,  the  predominance  of  Europe  is  even  more 
marked,  $1,313,043,045  representing  shipments  thither  out  of  a  total 
ex])ort  valuation  of  $1,923,395,267.  As  compared  with  1906  an 
advance  of  over  $67,000,000  is  reported  for  this  branch  of  foreign 
trade.  Increased  exports  to  North  America  aggregated  over 
$36,000,000,  in  which  Mexico  figured  for  more  than.  $5,000,000  and 
Central  America  more  tlian  $4,000,000.  All  of  South  America  took 
merchandise  valued  at  $85,612,408,  as  against  $78,822,379  in  1906, 
showing  an  increase  of  over  $6,000,000;  shipments  to  Asia  advanced 
$10,000,000;  to  Oceania,  $5,000,000,  and  to  Africa,  $500,000. 

Official  valuations  for  the  two  years  under  comparison  are  as 
follows: 


Graiul  division. 


Eiiroi>e 

North  Anioricu. 
Sotith  Ainerk'u. 

Asiii 

OcoNTiiu 

Africa 


(•r.Mtxl  toiiil. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1900, 


J700.  OCT.  aw 

240.709.<iHl  I 
147.941. 7Si 
19().:^«i9.212 
22.9<)2,2<W  I 
J2.4.'»l.<>4.") 


1907. 


S73<5.9.-)9,040 

2<i7. 133.933 

147.««).943 

2l«).2;«.770 

32.  rA¥\,  93.') 

22, 71.'),  072 


IdOG. 


I 


1 .  320.  TiOl ,  572  I     1.423.2S9.«i93 


$1.24<),r)73. 1(3 
325.HWi.3I9  1 
7K.K22.S79  ' 
S9.07.*).35K  ' 
;».5I«.547  I 
lK.»».fi68  j 

1.79S.243.434 


1907. 


$1.313.04:«.04.> 

H:>.ni2.4QK 
».  1?7,  IttT. 
44..<i«.490 
1K.8W.744 


1.923. 3a*.  2».T 


The  ^old  movement  for  the  year  consisted  of  imports  of 
$14:5,:30S,06(),  which  were  $12,lSl,:n4  less  than  those  for  1906,  and 
exports  aggre^ratinj:^  S55,215,6S1,  an  increase  of  $8,506,523  over  the 
])rocediii<x  twolv(*  montlis. 

Silver  imports  totaled  $46,013,976,  as  a<rainst  $44,227,841  in  1906. 
and  ex])orts  of  tlie  same  metal  were  $61,625,866  and  $60,957,091 
for  J  907  and  1906,  respe<'>tively. 

l)uriii<r  1907  sailing  vessi4s  enterin«i:  the  ports  of  the  Unit-od  Statw 
re])res(Mited  2,9()5,76S  tons,  and  clearances  a<::pre^ated  3,070,065  tons. 
The  tonna»;e  of  steam  vessels  was  as  follows:  Entries,  35,513,482  tons, 
as  compared  with  :52,454,S53  tons  in  1906;  clearances,  35,lS6,499 
tons,  iii^ninsi  ;>J,749,57(>  tons  in  the  prcH*edin«:r y^^ar. 


UNITED    STATES.  375 

THE  STATUS  OP  NATURALIZED  CITIZENS. 

On  January  13,  1908,  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  ratified  the 
convention  signed  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  on  August  18,  1906,  by  the  dele- 
gates of  the  governments  represented  at  the  Third  International  Con- 
ference of  American  States,  establishing  the  status  of  naturalized 
citizens  who  again  take  up  their  residence  in  the  country  of  their 
origin. 

Tlie  convention  in  reference  was  laid  before  the  President  of  the 
United  States  by  the  Secretarj'  of  State  on  March  1.  1907,  and  trans- 
mitted to  Congress  for  suitable  action. 

The  terms  of  the  convention  are  cont-ained  in  four  articles,  as  follows: 

'*Art.  I.  If  a  citizen,  a  native  of  any  of  the  countries  signing  the 
present  Convention,  and  naturalized  in  another,  shall  again  take  up 
his  residence  in  his  native  country  without  the  intention  of  returning 
to  the  country  in  ^  liich  he  has  been  naturalized,  he  will  be  considered 
as  having  reassumed  his  original  citizenship,  and  as  having  renomiced 
the  citizenship  acquired  by  the  said  naturalization. 

**Art.  II.  The  intenticm  not  to  return  will  bo  pivsumed  to  exist 
when  the  naturalized  person  shall  have  resided  in  his  native,  coimtry 
for  more  than  two  years.  But  this  presumption  may  be  destroyed  by 
evidence  to  the  contrary. 

'^Art.  III.  This  convention  will  become  oirective  in  the  countries 
that  ratify  it  three  months  from  the  dates  upon  which  said  ratifica- 
tions shall  be  comnnmicated  to  the  Goveniment  of  the  I'nited  States 
of  Brazil;  and  if  it  should  be  denounced  by  any  one  of  them  it  shall 
continue  in  effect  for  one  year  more,  to  count  from  the  date  of  such 
denouncement. 

*Art.  r\^.  The  denouncement  of  this  convention  by  any  one  of  the 
signatory  States  shall  be  made  to  the  Government  of  tlie  United  States 
of  Brazil  and  shall  take  effect  only  with  regard  to  the  country  that 
may  make  it.'' 

RELATIVE  DISTANCES  BETWEEN  ATLANTIC  AND  PACIFIC  PORTS 

BY  LAND  AND  SEA. 

The  distances  l)etween  New  York  and  San  Francisco,  accon!in<r  to 
figures  complied  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Statistics,  are,  direct 
by  land,  3,191  miles;  via  Tehuantepec,  1,415  miles;  via  Panama, 
5, .305  miles,  and  via  Magellan  wStraits,  13,()S9  miles.  From  N(»w  York 
to  Port  Townsend  direct  tlie  distan<*e  is  3,199  miles;  viaTolmantepec, 
0,190  miles;  via  Panama,  0,080,  and  via  Magellan  Straits,  i:>,S4S 
miles.  From  New  York  to  Honolulu  direct  via  San  Francisco  the 
distance  is  5,288  miles;  via  Port  Townsend,  r^JM)  miles;  via  Teliuan- 
tepec,  5,806  miles;  via  Panama,  6,086  miles,  and  via  Magellan  Straits, 
13,269  miles. 


376      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

THE  WOOL  PRODUCTION  OP  1907. 

According  to  the  estimate  of  the  National  Association  of  Wool 
Manufacturers  of  the  United  States  the  total  clip,  including  pulled 
wool,  in  1907  was  298,294,750  pounds  valued  as  $78,263,165.  The 
production  of  the  previous  year  was  298,915,130  pounds,  valued  at 
$79,721,383.  The  number  of  sheep  fit  for  shearing  is  estimated  at 
38,864,932,  compared  with  38,540,798  in  1906. 


URUGUAY. 

CUSTOMS  BECEIPTS,  ELEVEN  MONTHS  OP  1907. 

Uruguayan  customs  receipts  for  November,  1907,  amounted  to 
$922,723,  showing  a  decrease  of  $23,099  as  compared  with  the  same 
month  of  1906.  For  the  eleven  months'  period  ending  with  Novem- 
ber, however,  the  total  returns  were  $12,194,596  as  compared  with 
$11,952,463  in  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year. 

BEDUCTION  OF  LIGHT-HOUSE  DX7ES. 

In  accordance  with  a  recently  enacted  law  of  the  Uruguayan 
Republic  the  only  tax  which  the  State  shall  collect  from  ocean 
navigation  for  the  service  of  light-houses  shall  be  three  cents  per 
registered  ton  for  vessels  carrying  cargo  or  cargo  and  passengers,  and 
1\  cents  for  those  carrying  passengers  exclusively.  Coasting  vessels 
and  such  as  touch  at  the  ports  of  the  Republic  solely  to  take  in  coal, 
provisions,  to  take  up  pilot  or  crew,  to  await  orders  from  their  con- 
signers or  l)uil(lers  or  to  effect  repairs  in  the  hull,  machinery,  or  rigging 
shall  be  exempt  from  this  tax. 

Those  vessels  which  make  Montevideo  their  terminus  and  starting 
point  are  also  exempt. 

The  Executive  is  authorized  to  expend  $200,000  in  the  reform  of 
existing  Hght-houses,  the  construction  of  new  ones  and  the  purchase 
of  tujrs  for  the  light-house  service,  the  sum  to  be  taken  from  the  finan- 
cial surplus  of  the  fiscal  year  1906-7. 

THE  CEREAL  AND  FLAX  CHOP,  1906-7. 

The  Department  of  vStock  Raising  and  Agriculture  of  the  Uruguayan 

Republic  published  in  December,  1907,  the  statistics  relating  to  the 

cereal  and  (lax  crop  of  the  agricultural  year  1906-7.     The  cultivated 

area  was  as  follows:  Wheat,  252,258  hectares;  maize,  212,154;  flax 

23,r)29;    oats,    135,944;    barley,    1,883;    canary   seed,    2,566.     The 


VENEZUELA.  377 

amounts  sown  during  the  crop  year  in  reference  were  as  follows: 
Wheat,  17,824,934  kilograms;  flax,  954,141;  oats,  135,944;  bariey, 
129,652;  canary  seed,  84,790,  and  maize,  2,661,355.  The  produc- 
tion was:  Wheat,  186,884,422  kilograms  (186,884  tons);  flax,  21,930,- 
704  (21,931  tons);  oats,  1,752,247  (1,752  tons);  barley,  1,576,213 
(1,576  tons);  canary  seed,  1,638,182  (1,638  tons),  and  maize,  136,- 
136,240  (136,136  tons).  The  average  production  per  hectare  was  as 
follows:  Wheat,  740  kilograms;  flax,  742,  and  maize,  641. 


VENEZUELA. 

TABIFP  MODIFICATIONS. 

A  decree  of  President  Castro,  of  the  Republic  of  Venezuela,  dated 
on  the  19th  of  December,  1907,  and  published  in  the  ^^Gaceta  OJi- 
cial^'  of  the  same  day,  makes  the  following  tariff  modifications,  which 
went  into  effect  on  the  date  mentioned : 

Marble,  unworkcd,  unpolished,  also  sepulchral  monuments  of 
marble,  shall  be  dutiable  under  Class  3  of  the  tariff,  the  rate  of  duty 
being  25  cents  of  bolivar  per  kilogram.  Tiles  for  paving  mausoleums 
shall  not  be  regarded  as  parts  of  sepulcliral  monuments.  Such  tiles 
shall  pay  as  marbles  polished  or  wrought,  under  Class  4,  or  75  cents 
of  bolivar  per  kilogram. 

Blank  books  shall  pay  a  duty  of  1  bolivar  and  25  cents  per  kilo- 
gram under  Class  5. 

Secret  or  patent  medicines,  duly  examined  by  the  Board  for  the 
Examination  and  Classification  of  Patent  Medicines,  shall  be  dutiable 
imder  the  same  class. 

Envelopes,  totally  or  partially  made,  shall  be  appraised  under 
Class  6,  paying  a  duty  of  2  boUvares  and  50  cents. 

Chintz,  nainsook,  caUco,  cretones,  carlancaiij  brilliantino,  fine 
striped  cloth  having  more  than  13  threads  in  warp  or  weft  in  a  square 
of  5  millimeters,  popUn,  malvinas,  Japanese  cloths,  lustring,  colored 
percale,  and  similar  tissues  not  enumerated  in  other  classes,  such  as 
cotton  merino  and  colored  cotton  flannel,  shall  be  dutiable  under 
Class  6  at  a  rate  of  2  boUvares  and  50  cents. 

MusUn,  colored  cotton  crepon,  lawn,  rengue  (cotton  gauze),  barege, 
grenadine,  organdy,  zephyr,  clarin,  dulce  suehOj  tarlatan,  imitej  Hol- 
land batiste,  light  cotton  batiste,  white  or  colored,  plain,  figured, 
transparent  or  embroidered,  in  the  piece  or  cut  out  for  articles  of 
clothing,  and  all  other  tissues  similar  to  the  above  and  not  included 
in  other  classes,  shall  pay  a  duty  of  5  boUvares  i)er  kilogram  under 
aassT. 


878      INTERNATION.VL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 
BEGULATION  OF  THE  TELEGRAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  SYSTEMS. 

The  numbers  of  the  "  Gaceta  OficiaV  for  December  20  and  23,  1907, 
contain  decrees  by  President  Castro  regulating  the  telegraph  and 
telephone  systems  of  the  Republic  of  Venezuela.  The  decree  of 
December  20  provides  as  follows:* 

'^  Article  1.  The  estabHshment  of  national  telegraph  lines  and 
ofTicial  telephones  appertains  exclusively  to  the  Federal  Executive. 

^'Art.  2.  Special  telegraph  lines  may  be  maintained,  solely  for 
their  own  service,  by  railroad  companies  which  may  be  established 
in  the  Republic,  provided  these  obtain  the  permission  of  the  National 
Government,  without  wliich  such  lines  may  not  be  c(mstructed, 
and  by  railway  companies  having  already  established  such  lines 
conformably  to  contracts  with  the  Federal  Executive  approved  by 
the  National  Congress. 

^'Art.  3.  Every  tiling  appertaining  to  the  administration  and  serv- 
ice of  the  national  telegraphs  and  telephones,  as  well  as  the  con- 
struction of  new  lines,  is  placed  imder  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Minis- 
try of  Promotion. 

^*Art.  4.  All  residents  witiiin  the  territorv'' of  Venezuela  have  the 
right,  subject  to  the  rules  appertaining  thereto,  to  correspond  hy 
means  of  the  national  telegraphs. 

''Art.  5.  Everything  coixceniing  the  service,  administration,  and 
accounting  of  the  national  telegraphs  and  telephones  will  be  regu- 
lated by  special  decree. 

*'Aut.  0.  The  laws,  decreets,  and  orders  in  force  at  this  time, 
regarding  national  telegraphs  and  telephones,  are  hereby  repealcnl. 

''Art.  7.  The  Minister  of  Promotion  is  charged  with  the  execution 
of  this  decree.'' 

The  special  decree  of  December  23,  1907,  places,  subject  to  the 
Minister  of  Promotion,  the  telegraph  and  telephone  lines  under  the 
charge  of  a  Director  of  National  Telegraphs  and  Official  Telephones, 
sels  forth  the*  manner  in  which  new  lines  maybe  constructed,  the 
States  of  the  I'nion  being  prohibited  from  building  such,  and  pro- 
vides for  the  (livisicm  of  the  lines,  classification  of  ofiices,  personnel 
of  employees,  their  duties,  rates,  accounting,  franks,  and  disciplinary 
and  penal  regulations. 


HI     Z 
O      5 

o    t 


^1 

5 


BOLETIN  MeNSUAL 

DB   I.A 

OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  las  REPIJBLICAS  AMERICANAS, 

^  Uiii6n  Internacional  do  Rcpdblicas  Americauas. 


Vol.  XXVI.  FEBRERO  1908.  Xo.  2. 


La  Cuarta  Coiifercncia  Pan-Americana  sc  colcbrara  en  1910  en  Bue- 
nos -f\ires,  capital  de  la  Repilblica  Ar<2:entiiia.  Este  fiie  el  aciierdo  4 
que  se  lleg6  en  la  sesion  ordinaria  del  Consejo  Directive  de  la  Ofuiua 
Internacional  celebrada  el  5  de  febrero  de  190S.  El  voto  a  favor  de 
Buenos  Aires  fu6  unanime,  y  los  diplomaticos  ([ue  se  liallaban  pre- 
sentes  hicieron  apropiadas  observaciones  al  liacer  constar  bi  actitud 
de  sus  respectivos  gobiernos.  Esta  reunion  fue  muy  concurrida  y  se 
demostro  gran  in  teres  en  las  j)rimeras  niediihis  cjue  se  toniaron  rela- 
tivas  a  la  pr6xima  Conferencia  dc  las  Republicas  Americanas.  El 
Consejo  Directive  se  propone  preparar  con  gran  esmero  esta  reunion,  a 
fin  de  qucresulte  una  Conferencia  que  continue  dignamente  la  obra 
hecha  por  las  tres  que  le  ban  pn^cedido  y  ({ue  se  celebraron  en  Wasb- 
ington,  Mexico  y  Rio  de  Janeiro,  respectivamente.  Xa(bi  mas  projao 
que  esta  Conferencia  se  reuna  en  Buenos  Aires  en  1910,  puesto  que  la 
Reptil)lica  Argentina  se  prepara  con  entusiasmo  para  celebrar  en  gran 
escala,  en  esa  fecha,  el  centenario  de  su  independencia.  Este  acon- 
tecimiento  reviste  grandisimo  interes  para  loda  bi  America  y  ba  de 
proporcionar  una  base  adecuada — especie  de  numen — para  bis  sesiones 
de  la  Conferencia.  Se  trata,  pues,  de  celebrar  una  gran  exposicion 
para  conniemorar  el  aniversario  nacional,  la  cual,  sin  (bi(bi,  bn  de 
atraer  un  gran  nilmero  de  visitantes,  tanto  do  b>s  Esta(b)s  T'ni<b)s 
conio  de  Europa.  Como  (juiera  (|ue  en  bi  actuabibid  Buenos  Aires 
liene  1,140,000  babitantes,  y  (jue  su  p<>l)bi(i6n  auuKMita  eon  tanta 
rapidez  como  cuabpiiera  ciudad  de  b)s  Estacb^s  T'ni(b>s,  con  excep- 
cion,  acaso,  de  Nueva  York  y  Cbicago,  figura  (Mitre  b-is  grancb's 
capitales  del  mun(b),  y  es  uii  bigar  sumamente  propieio  tanto  para 
ceb»l)rar  una  Conferencia  Internacional  como  una  Exposicion  Inter- 
nacional. El  becbo  (1(»  escogerse  desde  aliora  el  lugar  y  bi  fccba  para 
celebrar  la  primera  concede*  tiemposuficiente  al  (fobierno  do  la  Argen- 
tina no  solo  para  bacer  los  (lel)i(b)s  preparativos,  sirx)  taml>ien  para 
que  el  Consejo  Direct ivo  de  la  Oficina  prc^pare  el  programa  corres- 
pondiente. 


380    OFICINA  TNTEKNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

LAS    CONVENCIONES    Y    RESOLUCIONES    DE    LA    TERCERA    CONFERENCLA 

PAN- AMERICANA. 

'  Al  Consejo  Directivo,  en  su  ultima  sesi6n,  se  someti6  un  informo 
muy  importante,  el  cual  se  refiere  d  las  Convenciones  y  Resoliiciones 
que  f ueron  firmadas  en  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Pan-Americana  que  se 
celebr6  en  Rio  de  Janeiro.  La  comisi6n  que  present6  el  informe  se 
componia  del  Sr.  J.  N.  Leger,  Ministro  de  Haiti,  el  Sr.  Don  Epifanio 
PoRTELA,  Ministro  de  la  Reptiblica  Argentina,  y  el  Sn  Don  Felipe 
Pardo,  Ministro  del  Peru ;  auxiliados  por  el  Director  y  Secretario  de 
la  Oficina,  en  cuanto  &  la  preparaci6n  de  los  datos  necesarios.  En 
esta  cdici6n  del  BoletIn  se  publica  Integro  dicho  informe,  en  el  cual 
se  muestra  el  est  ado  actual  respecto  de  los  trabajos  de  las  tres  Con- 
ferencias.  Dicho  informe  muestra,  adem&s,  que  es  necesario  que 
varios  de  los  Gobiemos  procedan  k  aprobar  6  desaprobar  las  diferentes 
Convenciones  y  Resoluciones,  d  fin  de  que  la  Cuarta  Conferencia 
encuentre  el  camino  expedito.  La  coinisi6n  recomienda  vehemen- 
temente  que  los  miembros  del  Consejo  Directivo  pidan  &  sus  respec- 
tivos  Gobiemos  que  tomen  en  consideraci6n  inmediatamente  estas 
Resoluciones  y  Convenciones,  ^  fin  de  que  se  ratifiquen  desde  luego 
6  que  sugieran  las  enmiendas  que  juzguen  oportunas,  las  cuales 
pueden  someterse  &  la  consideraci6n  de  la  pr6xima  Conferencia.  L^na 
de  las  recomendaciones  importantes  que  hace  la  Comisi6n  es  la  de  que 
se  autorice  al  Director  para  establecer  una  Secci6n  de  Estadistica  y 
de  Informaci6n  Comercial  como  una  Subdivisi6n  de  la  Oficina  Inter- 
nacional.  La  Comisi6n  tambi^n  aconseja  que  los  diferentes  pafses 
hagan  gestiones  favorables,  sin  ninguna'  demora,  encaminadas  k 
aumentar  en  un  50  por  ciento  las  cuotas  con  que  en  la  actualidad 
contribuyen  al  sostenimiento  de  la  Oficina,  y  que  &  los  pafses  que  sean 
morosos  en  el  pago  de  sus  cuotas  no  s61o  para  el  mantenimiento  de 
la  Oficina,  sino  para  el  nucvo  edificio,  se  les  suplique  que  subsanen 
sin  demora  esta  deficiencia,  it  fin  de  que  no  se  impidan  los  trabajos 
de  la  Oficina  ni  se  domore  la  constniccion  del  edificio. 


EL    INFORME    ESPECIAL    DEL    PROFESOR    WILLIAM    R.  SHEPHERD. 

En  esta  odicion  del  Boletin  so  publica  un  interesante  y  detallado 
informe  lioclio  por  el  Profesor  William  R.  Shepherd,  sobre  las 
rolacionos  comcrciales  dc  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  America  del  Sur. 
Todos  los  que  esten  intercsados  en  el  desarrollo  del  comercio  pan- 
americano  y  de  la  cordialidad  internacional,  del)en  leer  dicho  informe. 
Se  record ara  ([uc  el  Profesor  Shepherd,  que  es  uno  de  los  miembros 


OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS.    381 

m&s  eminentes  del  cuerpo  de  prof esores  de  la  Universidad  do  Columbia, 
de  la  Ciudad  de  Nueva  York,  en  1907  liizo  un  viajo  (i  la  America  del 
Sur,  y  estuvo  en  el  Ecuador,  Peru,  Bolivia^  Chile,  la  Reptiblica  Argen- 
tina, el  Uruguay  y  el  Brasil,  habiendo  ido  por  la  costa  occidental, 
vfa  Panama,  y  regresado  por  la  costa  oriental  y  Rjo  do  Janeiro.  A 
ruego  del  Director  de  esta  Oficina,  el  expresado  profesor  liizo  una 
investigaci6n  esi>ecial  k  beneficio  de  esta  ultima,  y  expresa  su 
opini6n  en  este  informe.  Debe  agregarse  que  el  Profesor  Shepherd 
es  un  estudiante  6  investigador  muy  asiduo  y  que  siempre  ha 
demostrado  interns  en  fomentar  relaciones  mas  Intimas  entre  la 
America  del  Norte  y  la  del  Sur.  Las  indicaciones  ([ue  hace  son  resul- 
tado  de  una  detenida  consideraci6n  y  son  muy  pertinentes.  Se  espera 
que  el  ejemplo  establecido  por  el  Profesor  Shepherd  sea  seguido  por 
Ids  catedr&ticos  de  universidades  que  tienen  d  su  cargo  cdtedras 
semejantes  en  las  diferentes  instituciones  de  este  pais,  despertando 
asf  mayor  interns  en  todos  los  dmbitos  de  los  Estados  Unidos  hacia 
sus  Reptiblicas  hermanas. 


ESTUDIO  DE   LA   HISTORIA   Y   LA   POLfxiCA   SUD  AMERICAN  AS. 

La  disertaci6n  qtie  ley6  el  Doctor  Hiram  Bingham  de  la  Univer- 
sidad de  Yale  ante  la  Asociaci6n  de  Cieneia  Polltica  Americana  en  la 
Ciudad  de  Madison,  Estado  de  Wisconsin,  el  28  de  diciembre  de  1907, 
sobre  los  medios  que  ofrecen  la  historia  y  polltica  sudamericanas  como 
un  campo  de  investigaci6n,  contiene  tantos  datos  originales,  intere- 
santes  y  valiosos  para  todos  los  estudiantes  y  demds  personas  intere- 
sadas  en  aquella  parte  del  mundo,  que  so  ha  juzgado  conveniente 
reproducirla  en  esta  edici6n  del  Boletix.  El  Director  reconiienda 
especialmente  dicha  memoria  ^  un  gran  niimero  do  catedr^iticos  de 
colegios  americanos  y  de  estudiantes  de  establccimicntos  docentes 
americanos  que  en  la  actualidad  se  proponen  emprcnder  el  estudio 
de  la  historia  y  la  polltica  de  nuestras  Repiil)licas  hermanas.  Esta 
Oficina  recibe  constantemento  cartas  de  estudiantes  en  las  principalos 
instituciones  docentes  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  pidiondo  informes  cjuo 
se  relacionan  precisamente  con  el  contenido  de  esta  disertacion  del 
Doctor  Bingham.  Los  hechos  que  en  dicha  memoria  se  rolatan  y 
los  informes  que  contiene  sorprenderan  a  la  mayorfa  de  las  personas 
que  aun  no  han  llegado  ni  siciuiera  a  comprender  la  oportunidad  ([ue 
existe  en  los  Estados  Unidos  para  estudiar  tan  interesante  tenia. 
Teniendo  &  mano  los  datos  proporcionados  por  el  Doctor  Bingham, 
a  cualquiera  le  sera  dable  comenzar  a  hacer  ima  invest igacion  sobre 
cualesquiera  fases  generales  6  especiales  de  la  liistoria  y  la  polltica  de 
la  America  del  Sur. 


382    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 
LA    FBATERNIDAD    CENTROAMEBICANA.    • 

I^a  Conferencia  do  Paz  C'ontroamericana  que  terinin6  sus  scsiones 
el  20  de  dicicmbre  de  1907,  despues  de  celebrar  sus  sesiones  durante 
un  periodo  de  cinco  semanas  en  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las 
Rcp6blicas  Aniericanas,  tom6  una  medida  casi  sin  precedente,  y 
que,  no  obstante,  tiene  un  valor  sentimental  especial  para  fomentar 
relaciones  mas  intimas  cntre  la  America  Central,  Mexico  y  los  Estados 
Unidos.  Se  ha  organizado  la  Fraternidad  Centroamericana,  cuyo 
fin  principal  es  mantener  vivo  el  espiritu  de  mutuo  inter6s  y  simpatia 
entre  las  Repiiblicas  de  la  Am6rica  del  Xorte.  En.esta  edici6n  del 
BoLETiN  se  publica  el  Acta  Constitucional  de  diclia  fraternidad,  la 
cual  debieran  leer  todos  los  que  procuran  estar  al  corriente  del 
espiritu  de  las  rcsolucioncs  de  la  Conferencia.  No  es  una  exageraci6n 
hacer  constar  que  la  organizacion  de  est  a  fraternidad  denota  el  colmo 
de  la  cordialidad  internacional  y  sentimicntos  fratemales  que  carac- 
terizaron  todas  las  sosionos  de  la  Conferencia  y  las  relaciones  de  los 
diferentes  delegados,  y  por  tanto,  debiera  ejercer  una  podcrosa 
influencia  a  favor  de  la  feliz  realizacion  de  todas  las  convenciones 
que  fueron  firmadas  en  est  a  notable  reuni6n. 


EL   PRIMER   CONGRESO    CIEXTIFICO   PANAMEBIGANO. 

Es  tal  la  rapidez  con  que  se  aumenta  el  interns  en  todos  los  Estados 
Unidos  y  las  otras  Reptiblicas  Aniericanas,  en  cuanto  al  Primer 
Congreso  Cientifico  Panamericano  que  se  ha  de  reunir  en  la  Ciudad 
de  Santiago,  Chile,  el  10  de  diciembre  de  1908,  que  se  ha  juzgado 
oportuno  pul)licar  en  esta  edicion  del  Boletix  el  programa  y  las 
bases  propuestos.  Se  espera  que  el  Congreso  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
apruebe  la  asignaci6n  recomendada  por  el  Secretario  Root,  a  fm  de 
que  los  Estados  X^nidos  tomen  parte  oficialmente  en  dicho  Con- 
greso. Dicese  (|uc  el  Gol)ienio  de  Chile  estd  haciendo  extensos 
prej)aralivos,  y  que  casi  todas  las  Repiil)licas  Americanas  enviaran 
delegados  a  dicho  (\)ngreso.  Ademds  de  los  que  sean  nombrados 
direct  anient  c  ])or  los  Gobieriios,  otros  represent  antes  de  diferentes 
universidades  e  iiislituciones  cientificas  seran  tambi^n  objeto  de  una 
cordial  l)icnv('iH(la. 


DISCUUSOS   PRONITNCIADOS    TOll   EL   DIRECTOR   SOBRE 
LA    AMERICA    LATIN' A. 

Como  una  pru(»ba  del  civcicMile  inlcres  ([ue  se  demuestra  en  todos 

h)s  Esta(h>s  T'nidos  accrca  d(»  los  asuntos  de  la  America  latina,  pucde 

(Icrirsr  (jik*  si  el  Director  de  la  Oiicina  fiiese  a  aceptar  la  tercera  part<* 

do  Ins  invitnrioncs  (pie  reeibe  de  ciunaras  de  comercio,  establooiini- 


OFIGIKA  INTEfiNACIONAL  DE  LAS  KEPUBLTCAS  AMERICANAS.    383 

entos  doccntes,  y  otras  insiitucionos,  para  (pie  d6  coiiforcncias  on  ellas 
sobre  las  rclacioncs  generales  y  ct)rnercialos  entre  los  Estados  Unidos 
y  la  America  lalina,  seria  iiecesario  que  el  Director  hal)lasc  casi  lodos 
los  dias  desde  el  1®  de  enero  hasta  el  1**  de  junio.  Estas  conferencins 
no  se  liniitan  ciertamente  d  ninguna  region  especial  del  pais,  sino  quo 
tienen  lugar  tanto  en  la  jmrte  oentral  y  reniola  dA  oestc  como  en  los 
Estados  de  la  Xueva  Inglaterra  y  del  Sur.  Sin  embargo,  las  exi- 
gencias  consiguientes  &  sus  deberes  como  Director  dc  la  expresada 
Oficiua,  s61o  le  permiten  aceptar  uh  pequeno  iiuniero  de  estas  invi- 
tacianes.  Como  una  prueba  de  los  esfuerzos  que  el  Director  hace  por 
acc«dcr — hasta  donde  Ic  es  posible — &  estas  invitaciones  y  suministrar 
en  csta  forma  los  informes  solicitados,  a  continuacion  aparec^  una  lista 
de  algunas  de  las  confereucias  que  ha  dado:  ^  *  University  Club  ^'  do 
WAshington,  D.  C,  enero  4;  *' Oregon  SiK*iety,"  Washmgton,  D.  C, 
enero  11;  banquete  para  celebrar  la  inauguracion  de  luui  nueva  coin- 
pania  dc  vapores  a  la  America  del  Sur,  dado  en  la  Ciudad  de  Nueva 
York  el  14  de  enero;  Instituto  Bancario  dc  Washington,  enoro  10; 
Club  de  Hombres  de  la  Iglesia  Central  Presbiteriana  de  Washington, 
D.  C,  enero  20;  Cooper  Union,  en  la  Ciudad  de  Nueva  York,  enero  27; 
banquete  anual  de  la  Asociacion  de  Comerciantes  y  Fabricantes  de 
Baltimore,  enero  30;  Asociacion  Nacional  de  Fabricantes  de  la  Ciudad 
de  Nueva  Y'ork,  enero  31 ;  Sociedad  de  California,  Washington,  D.  C, 
enero  2;  banquete  en  honor  de  la  memoria  de  Lincoln,  en  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan,  febrero  12;  Camara  de  Coniercio  de  Pontiac, 
Michigan,  febrero  13;  Club  Comercial  de  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  febrero 
17:  Escuela  de  Mckenzie,  Dobb's  Ferry,  Nueva  York,  celebra<'i6n  en 
honor  del  cumpleafios  de  Washington  en  la  mailana  del  22  de  febrero; 
Asociaci6n  Nacional  de  Joyeros  de  Filadelfia,  en  la  noclie  del  22  de 
febrero,  y  la  Sociedad  Geografica  ibnericana  cstablecida  en  Nueva 
York,  el  25  de  febrero. 


rriNERARIOS    Y   CONDK'IONES   DE    VIAJE    EX   LA 
AMERICA    DEL   SUR. 

A  la  Olicina  Intemacional  se  \o  hac(*n  tantas  preguntas  de  h»s 
Estados  Unidos  y  de  Euro])a  acerra  de  his  condicionos  y  los  itiii(»iji- 
rios  de  viaje  en  la  America  del  Sur,  ([\w  h.?i  tonido  a  bien  suplicarle  al 
Sr.  Lf:e  Mt<^LrNG,  Tesorero  de  hi  Tniversidad  (h»  Yale,  que  rociiMitc- 
niente  hizo  un  viaje  alrech'dor  d(»  la  America,  y  a  la  distin^niidji  c.^cri- 
tora  Sra.  Marie  Robinson  Wrkiiit,  rpu*  ha  visitado  todas  las  Martcs 
del  continent-e  meridional,  se  sin' an  pn-parar  breves  n'scnas  desnip- 
tivas  de  los  itinerarios  y  las  r-ondicioncs  de  viaje  cpK*  [)ue(Ian  series 
(itiles  a  los  (|ue  inlenten  visitar  vt^h  jjarle  del  nnnnh).  A  jiizgar  por  la 
correi^>ondem:ia  que  esta  Oficina  reeil)e,  es  dr  espenir  (lue  el  proximo 
afio  haya  un  gran  aumento  en  el  numero  de  viuievos  vv  \\\  \.w\v^Tv^ti  <\v\ 


384    OFICINA  INTERNACIONALr  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERIGANAS. 

Sur.  Adenids,  se  sabe  que  inuchos  viajeros  que  hasta  ahora  acostum- 
braban  ir  &  Europa  y  Asia,  ban  resuelto,  en  vista  del  creciente  interfe 
que  la  America  latina  despierta,  cambiar  su  itinerario  de  costuinbre, 
para  ver  lo  que  pasa  en  la  America  del  Sur  y  Central,  y  enterarsc  de 
su  i)rogreso,  etc.  A  prop6sito  de  lo  que  queda  expuesto,  convienc 
tener  prescntc  la  ^ran  niejora  introducida  por  la  Lamport  &  Holt  Com- 
pany en  el  servicio  de  vapores  de  la  costa  oriental,  por  el  heclio  de 
liaber  agregado  (i  su  flota  tres  grandes  vapores  que  tienen  aproxima- 
damente  10,000  toneladas  cada  uno,  que  cuentan  con  magnlficas  conuv 
didades  para  los  pasajeros  y  bacen  permanentemente  el  viaje  de  Nueva 
York  d  llio  de  Janeiro  y  Buenos  Aires.  En  esta  edici6n  del  Boletin 
se  publica  una  fotograffa  de  imo  de  cstos  vapores,  y  una  6  dos  vistas 
interiores  del  mismo,  &  fin  de  que  las  personas  que  piensan  ir  &  la 
America  del  Sur  vean  que  pueden  bacer  la  travesia  con  comodidad. 


LOS    FERROCARRILES    ARGENTINOS. 

Las  leyes  sancionadas  por  el  Gobiemo  Argentino  con  el  fin  de 
obtener  la  uniformidad  de  los  privilegios  que  ban  de  ser  concedidos 
k  las  varias  compaiilas  ferroviarias  que  f uncionan  en  la  Reptiblica,  ban 
dado  un  notable  impulso  al  desarrollo  de  nuevas  empresas.  En  la 
actualidad  la  longitud  total  de  las  lineas  que  est&n  en  operaci6n 
asciende  k  cerca  de  14,000  millas,  de  las  cuales  m&s  de  900  se  cons- 
truj^eron  el  ano  pasado,  y  represcntan  la  inversi6n  de  un  capital 
de  $671,688,874.  Se  proyecta  la  consolidaci6n  de  los  interesc^  de 
tres  importantes  lineas,  y  las  cldusulas  del  contrato  por  virtud  del 
cual  lia  de  efectuarse  esta  consolidaci6n  prescriben  el  desembolso 
de  grucsas  sumas  para  nuevas  prolongaciones  y  mejoras. 

El  servicio  postal  y  el  de  las  lineas  de  tel6grafos,  tan  fntimamcnte 
ligados  con  las  empresas  ferroviarias,  tambi^n  mostraron  un  progreso 
satisfactorio  en  1907,  por  cuanto  los  ingresos  proceilentes  de  dicbos 
sorvicios  nmestran  un  aumento  de  $746,961  respecto  del  afko  anterior. 

En  tod  OS  los  ramos  de  la  rent  a  interna  se  bizo  un  informe  igual- 
mento  satisfactorio. 


EL    ESTANO    DE    BOLIVIA    EN    LOS    MERCADOS    DEL   MUNDO. 

La  cstadistica  relativa  al  estano  durante  el  afto  de  1907,  en  los 
mercados  de  Europa  y  Am6rica,  muestra  ciue  este  product©  boliviano 
representa  el  seguiido  lugar  entre  los  articulos  exportados.  Aunque 
la  produccion  de  la  Colonia  Inglesa  de  la  Indo-China  tu6  mucho 
major^  Bolivia  produjo  15,300  toneladas  en  el  aiio  de  referencia, 
contra  16,380  en  el  aiio  de  1906. 


OFI€INA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    385 

El  cultivo  de  la  Provincia  dc  Larecaja  ha  sido  objeto'de  un  informe 
dirigido  al  Departamento  de  Colonizaci6n  y  Agricultura,  del  cual 
informe  se  reproducen  algunos  extractos  en  esta  edicion  del  Boletin, 
por  considerarso  interesantes  para  los  que  comercian  en-este  producto. 


MEDIDAS   LEGISLATIVAS   DEL   GOBIERNO    BRASILENO. 

Las  noticias  que  se  han  recibido  del  Brasil  indican  la  probabilidad 
de  que  se  revise  el  arancel  del  pals  durante  la  pr6xima  sesi6n  del 
Congreso  Nacional  que  se  efectuar^  en  mayo  de  1908,  y  la  vigencia 
de  dichas  medidas  en  agosto  del  mismo  ano.  Entre  tanto,  las  impor- 
tantes  modificaciones  de  los  derechos  de  importacion  sobre  los  mate- 
riales  industriales  y  la  maquinaria  quedan  comprendidas  en. la  ley 
Bidget  que  se  promulg6  el  1**  de  enero  de  1908.  Tambi^n  quedard 
vigente  la  rebaja  de  un  20  por  ciento  concedida  por  la  ley  de  30  de 
junio  de  1906  k  ciertos  artfculos  determinados  procedentes  de  los 
E^stados  Unidos. 

Se  aplican  restriccioncs  imperativas  d  la  importaci6n  de  substan- 
cias  alimenticias  y  bebidas  en  las  cuales  se  usan  preservativos  perju- 
diciales  &  la  salud  ptiblica,  y  se  ha  de  iniciar  una  activa  propaganda 
bajo  la  supervisi6n  del  Gobierno,  k  fin  de  introducir  y  popularizar 
los  productos  del  pais  en  el  extranjero. 

.  Ya  se  nota  el  resultado  de  esta  concesion  en  las  cifras  relativas  al 
comercio  entre  los  dos  paises  en  1907,  publicadas  por  la  Oficina  de 
Estadistica  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  pues  en  dicho  pcriodo  cl  valor  de 
las  compras  que  el  Brasil  le  hizo  k  los  Estados  Unidos  excedi6  en 
$4,000,000  al  valor  de  las  que  le  hizo  en  los  doce  meses  anteriores. 


EL   COMERCIO    DE    CUBA    EN    1906-7. 

En  el  informe  del  Gobemador  Provisional  ^Iagoon  relativo  d  las 
condiciones  generales  de  la  Republica  cubana  desde  fines  dc  1906 
hasta  fines  de  1907,  se  muestra  que  la  situacion  econ6mica  de  dicha 
Republica  en  general  es  satisfactoria.  En  el  ano  economico  de 
1906-7,  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  sufrio  una  disminucion  de  m^ 
de  $7,000,000,  en  comparacion  con  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  en 
los  doce  meses  anteriores,  pero  hubo  un  aumento  de  mds  de  S5, 000, 000 
en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones.  En  el  comercio  con  los  Estados 
Unidos  en  el  aiio  comiin  de  1907  se  adviertc  un  aumento  conside- 
rable, tanto  en  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  como  en  el  de  las  expor- 
taciones. 

29030— Bull.  2—08 10 


S86    OFICINA  nSTTEENACIONAL  DE  L.4S  REPUBUCAS  AMERICANAS. 
EL   CENSO   DE    CHILE   Y   LA   PROMULGACION   DE   ALGUNAS   LETSS. 

El  infonne  de  caractcr  privado  acerca  del  resultado  del  censo 
cbileno  que  sc.  fomio  a  fines  de  1907,  fija  el  numero  total  de  habi- 
tantos  de  la  Republica  en  3,250,000,  6  sea  iin  aumento  de  poco  menos 
do  50,000  habitantes  desde  1903,  epoca  en  que  se  levant6  el  censo 
anterior. 

iVnunciase  que  el  Congreso  cliileno  sancion6  una  ley  el  22  de 
encTo  do  1908,  la  cual  prescribe  una  asignacion  para  el  ferro- 
carril  longitudinal  que  lia  de  construlrse  desde  la  linea  divisoria 
peruana  liasta  el  Estrecbo  de  Magallanes,  6  sea  una  distancia  de  2,600 
niillas,  al  paso  que  la  concesi6n  de  un  contrato  h  una  compaula 
alcmana  con  el  fin  de  establecer  una  llnea  desde  Arica  hasta  La  Paz, 
constituye  otra  j^rueba  evidento  de  la  actividad  que  el  Gobiemo  estd 
dosplegando  en  este  importante  ramo  del  desarroUo  nacional. 

La  propue^sta  inodificaci6n  do  losderechos  de  aduana  sobre  el  ganado 
vacuno,  el  ganado  lanar  y  ciertos  tejidos,  que  el  Gobierno  cliileno  ha 
estado  estudiando  (v6ase  el  Boletix  Mensual  correspondiente  4 
dicicmbrc  de  1907),  ha  sido  sancionada  y  promulgada  como  una  ley. 
La  suspensi6n  de  los  derechos  sobre  el  ganado  vacuno  y  la  rebaja  de 
un  50  por  ciento  de  los  derechos  sobre  los  dem&s  articulos  especi- 
ficados,  comenzara  d  regir  dentro  de  seis  meses. 


EL   PUOGRESO    COMERCIAL   DE    MEXICO. 

La  posicion  que  Mexico  ocupa  en  el  mundo  coniercial  cada  dia  es 
mds  alta.  En  los  cuatro  meses  del  afio  economico  acerca  de  I<is 
cuales  so  han  obtcnido  datos  estadisticos,  es  decir;  desde  juIio  hasta 
octubro  de  1907,  so  adviorte  un  aumento  de  mas  de  86,000,000,  tanto 
en  ol  valor  do  las  imporiaciones  como 'on  el  de  las  exportaciones,  en 
coinparacion  con  el  periodo  correspondiente  del  afio  anterior,  al  paso 
(juo  so  nota  un  aumento  de  cerca  do  82,000,000  en  la  renta  de 
aduana  reoaudada  en  el  primer  somestre  de  1907-8,  respecto  del 
primer  somestro  do  1906-7.  El  valor  de  las  transacciones  coiner- 
ciales  quo  so  llovaron  a  cabo  on  ol  afio  comiin  de  1907,  ascendi6  a  un 
p(K'()  mas  do  8200,000,000,  y  mas  do  la  mitad  de  esta  sunia  la  repre- 
sent aban  omprosas  comoroiales,  la  orgaiiizacion  <le  nuevas  compaAias 
y  ol  aumento  on  ol  ca])ittd  de  las  corporaciones  existentes. 

El  valor  do  las  morcancias  do  los  Estados  Ilnidos  que  se  enibarcaron 
on  1907  ix)r  la  via  do  Toluiante|H*o,  entre  los  fHiert^is  del  AtlAntico  y 
(1(0  Paoifico,  so  calcuk)  quo  ascondia  como  de  825,000,000  &  $30,000,(X)6, 
dobiondo  agrogarse  que  el  hecho  de  acortarse  el  transports  para  el 
azuoar  do  llawai  lo  ha  proporcionado  esj)ocialos  ventajas  k  los  coiner- 


OFWIS/L  INTEENACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS.    387 

El  comercio  con  los  Estados  Uiiidos  jiiucstra  que  el  valor  de  las 
iinportaciones  ascendi6  6,  m6s  de  $67,000,000,  en  tanto  que  el  delas 
exportacioncs  en  1907  ascendio  d  mds  de  857,000,000,  6  sea  un  auinento 
de  $5,420,627  en  ^1  valor  de  las  primeras,  y  de  $6,006,528  en  el  de  las 
segundas,  on  comparacion  con  1906. 


LA  NUEVA  LEY  AGRARIA    Y    LAS    COXC'ESIONES    RELATIVAS  AL  CULTIVO 
DE    LA    GOMA    EX    NICARAGUA. 

La  ley  que  recientemente  fue  sancionada  en  Nicaragua,  y  que 
tienc  por  objeto  cstimular  la  agricultura  y  la  industria  pecuaria  en 
toda  la  Republica,  prescribe  el  establecimiento  en  el  f^xtranjero  de 
una  activa  propaganda  en  pro  de  los  productos  del  pals.  Debklo  al 
heclK)  de  hacerse  la  explotacion  en  debida  forma,  la  industria  de 
bananos  ya  se  ha  awmentado  hasla  un  grado  que  liasta  ahora  no 
tenia  prcoedente,  y  otros  productos  de  Nicaragua  tanibi^n  son  sus- 
ceptibles  de  un  desarrollo  semejante.  El  St.  Frederick  M.  Ryder, 
C6nsul  de  los  Estados  Unidos  en  San  Juan  del  Norte,  al  hacer  un 
informe  relativo  k  una  concesion  gomera  que  fue  otorgada  reciente- 
mente, haee  constar  que  es  enterainente  probable  que  dicha  con- 
cesion sea  traspasada  final inente  A  la  compafiia  que  en  la  actualidad 
tiene  dos  concesionos  importantes  del  Gobiemo  nicaraguense,  do 
manera  que  la  expresada  compafiia  tendra  el  control  de  la  produccion 
de  toda  la  goma  de  los  bosques  sil  vest  res  de  la  Kepiiblica. 


EL    ESTADO    FINANCIERO    DE    PANAMA. 

Las  condiciones  de  prosperidad  de  Panaind  sc  indican  por  el  hecho 
de  que  la  renta  interna  recaudada  en  el  afio  de  1007  excodio  en 
85,436.05  al  calculo  del  presupuesto,  ([ue  ascendio  a  S2,430,o01.6S. 
La  mayor  parte  de  estos  ingresos  procedieron  de  los  derechos  de 
importaci6n. 

El  valor  de  las  mercancias  de  los  Estados  Unidos  transporla- 
das  por  el  Ferrocarril  de  Paiianui  en  1907,  sc  calcula  que  ascendio 
como  de  $12,000,000  a  SI 5,000,000,  y  el  valor  de  las  imi)<)rtaci(;nes 
de  aquel  pals  muestra  un  aumcnto  de  mas  de  ?  1,000,000.  en  com- 
paracion con  el  ano  anterior. 


EL  FERROCARRIL  CENTRAL  DE  PARAGI'AY. 

El  extenso  resumen  del  informe  acerea  del  Ferrocarril  Central  de 
ParagUAy  correspondiente  al  ano  cjue  termino  el  30  de  abril  de  1907, 
y  que  se  publica  en  esta  edicion  del  Boletin,  muestra  (jue  los  asuntos 


388    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

peridientes  entre  la  compania  operante  j  el  Gobierno  liaii  sido  arre- 
glados  de  una  manora  satisfactoria  para  los  interesados.  Como 
quiera  que  en  ioda  la  Republica  esta  cs  la  tinica  companfa  que  est& 
en  operaclon,  su  porvenir  y  desarrollo  del  pafs  est^n  fntimamente 
ligados,  y  se  espcra  que  la  tenninacion  de  la  controversia  d6  un  nuevo 
impulse  4  los  negocios.  Dicese  que  las  cosechas  estdn  en  magnificas 
eondiciones  y  que  todo  indica  una  vitalidad  creciente  en  todos  los 
ramos  del  comercio  y  la  industria. 


EL  COMERCIO  DEL  PERU  CON  LOS  ESTADOS  UNIDOvS. 

Segiin  las  cifras  publicadas  por  el  Gobierno  de  los  Estados  Unidos, 
en  1907  el  comercio  entre  el  Perti  y  los  Estados  Unidos  mostr6  un 
notable  desarrollo.  En  el  afio  de  referencia  hubo  un  aumento  de 
$4,154,790  en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  productos  penianos  & 
los  Estados  Unidos,  en  comparacion  con  el  ano  anterior,  en  tanto 
que  en  el  mismo  periodo  hubo  un  aumento  de  31,672,762  en  el  valor 
de  las  iniportaciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos. 

La  niina  de  Cerro  de  Pasco  embarco  para  los  Estados  Unidos 
10,000  toneladas  de  cobre  de  las  28,000  toneladas  de  dicho,  metal 
exportadas  de  toda  la  America  del  Sur. 

Ademds,  la  prosperidad  mercantil  la  indica  el  informe  de  la  Cor- 
poracion  Peruana  cuyas  operaciones  en  el  ano  que  termin6  el  30  de 
junio  de  1907  muestran  una  ganancia  liquida  de  $1,000,000. 


LAS    CONDICIONES    COMERCIALES    DEL    SALVADOR. 

La  Republica  del  Salvador  anuncia  que  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones 
en  el  primer  semestre  de  1907  ascendio  (i  S5,642,700,  de  los  cuales 
las  exportaciones  de  caf6  representaron  $4,369,600.  Se  recaudaron 
$282,293  de  dereclios  sobre  estas  exportaciones,  en  tanto  que  los 
derechos  de  importacion  ascendieron  (l  un  total  de  $1,440,194.  Se 
advierte  una  pequena  disminucion  en  comparacion  con  el  perfodo 
corresi)ondionte  del  ano  anterior.  Los  Estados  Unidos  ocupan  el 
primer  lugar  entre  los  paises  a  los  cuales  se  hicieron  exportaciones* 


LA  KENTA  DE  ADUANA  Y  EL  COMERCIO  DEL  URUGUAY  EN  1907. 

Se  calcula  que  el  total  de  la  renta  de  aduana  de  la  Reptiblica  dd 
Uruguay  correspondiente  al  ano  de  1907,  mostrard  un  aumento  muy 
satisfactorio  respecto  del  afio  anterior,  por  cuanto  dicha  renta  ascendi6 
aproximadamente  a  813,000,000.  Durante  el  ultimo  mes  del  afio  se 
noto  una  gran  actividad  en  los  negocios  por  todos  los  &mbito6  de  Im 
jRepublica. 


BEUNION    DEL    CONSEJO    DIRECTIVO.  389 

En  el  afLo  de  referencia  hubo  un  auniento  de  §810,395  en  el  valor 
de  las  importaciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  por  mds  que  se  not6  una 
dlsminuci6n  de  $1,076,482  en  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  d  dicho 
pais. 

LAS   LfXEAS   TELEGRAFICAS   Y   TELEFONICAS    DEL   QOBIERNO  DE 
VENEZUELA. 

Por  un  decreto  de  20  diciembre  de  1907  se  establece  lo  que  viene 
d  ser  prdcticamentc  la  propiedad  del  Gobierno  de  las  lineas  de  tel6- 
grafo  y  tel6fono  en  toda  la  Republica  de  Venezuela,  por  cuanto  el 
artlculo  1  expresa  que  el  establecimiento  de  dichas  empresas  pertenece 
exclusivamente  al  Ejecutivo  Federal. 

Tambi^n  se  publican  algunas  modificaciones  arancelarias  que 
empezaron  d  regir  en  el  ultimo  mes  de  dicho  aflo  y  que  se  consideran 
interesantes  para  el  comercio. 


IMPORTANTE  REUNION  DEL  CONSEJO  DIRECTIVO 
DE  LA  OFICINA  INTlJRNACIONAL  DE  LAS 
REPtFBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

La  sesi6n  ordinaria  del  Consejo  Directivo  de  la  Oficina  Intema- 
cional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas  se  efectuo  el  dia  5  de  febrero  en 
el  Sal6n  de  Reccpciones  Diplomdticas  del  Departamento  de  Estado, 
bajo  la  presidencia  del  Secretario  de  Estado  do  los  Estados  Unidos,  y 
estando  prescntc;^  los  siguientes  miembros  del  Consejo:  Argentina, 
Bolivia,  Cliile,  Colombia,  Costa  Rica,  Cuba,  Haiti,  Honduras,  Mexico, 
Nicaragua,  Peru,  y  Uruguay. 

El  informe  de  la  comision  nombrada  en  la  sosi6n  del  Consejo 
Directivo  de  4  de  diciembre  de  1907,  para  estudiar  6  informar  las 
medidas  que  se  deben  tomar  para  dar  cumplimiento  &  las  conven- 
ciones  y  resoluciones  de  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Panamericana 
celcbrada  en  Rio  Janeiro  en  1906,  fuc  aprobado  por  unanimidad,  y 
autorizado  el  Director  de  la  Oficina  para  tomar  las  medidas  necesarias 
para  Uevar  A  ofecto  las  recomendaciones  quo  contiono  ol  informe. 

La  resoluci6n  especial  relativa  a  la  Cuarta  Conferencia  Panameri- 
cana, que  present 6  el  Minis!  ro  de  Costa  Rica  con  ol  apoyo  del  Ministro 
de  Bolivia  en  la  sesi6n  ordinaria  de  8  de  enoro  de  1908,  fu6  accptada 
for  unanimidad.     La  resolucion  es  como  siguo : 

'*Se  resuelve  que  la  pr6xima  conferencia  de  las  Reptiblicas  Ameri- 
canas se  reuna  en  la  ciudad  de  Buenos  Aires,  Repfiblica  iVrgentina,  en 
el  aflo  de  1910/' 

Per  consiguiente,  la  ciudad  de  Buenos  Aires  fu6  escogida  por  acla- 
macidn,  asi  como  la  fecha,  que  es  la  del  primer  centenario  de  dicha 
meir6poli  sud-americana. 


390    OFTCTNA  INTERNACIOKAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

A  continuacion  se  loerd  el  referido  informe: 

INFOBME  DE  LA  COMISldN  NOMBBADA  EN  LA  SESI(5N  0BJ>INAKLA 
DEL  CONSEJO  DIRECTIVO  DE  LA  OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE 
LAS  KEPT^BLICAS  AMEBICANAS,  DE  4  DE  DICIEMBBE  DE  1907, 
PABA  ESTTJDIAB  ^  INFOBMAB  AL  CONSEJO  LAS  MEDIDAS  QUE 
SE  DEBEN  TOMAB  PABA  DAB  CTJMPLHOENTO  A  LAS  CONVENOIO- 
NES  Y  BESOLUCIONES  DE  LA  TEBCBBA  CONPEBENCIA  PAN- 
AMEBICANA  CELEBBADA  EN  Bf O  JANEIBO,  BBASIL,  EN  1006. 

Senor  Presidente  y  Sefxores  miemhros  del  Consejo  Directivo  de  la  Oficina  • 
Internacional  de  las  Repuhlicas  Americanas: 

Los  infrascritos,  nombrados  en  la  sesi6n  del  Consejo  DirectiTo  de 
4  de  diciembre  de  1907,  para  estudiar  6  informar  las  medidas  que 
se  doben  tomar  para  dar  cumpiiniiento  &,  las  convenciones  y  resolu- 
cioncs  de  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Panamericana,  que  se  reunid  en  Rio 
Janeiro,  Brasil,  en  1906,  despu^s  de  madura  consideraci6n,  con  el  con- 
curso  del  Director  y  del  Secretario  de  la  Oficina,  de  la  gesti6n  que  se 
les  encarg6,  ticnen  el  honor  de  presentar  el  siguiente  informe: 

La  Tercera  Conferencia  Panamericana  firm6  como  resultado  de  sus 
deliberaciones  cuatro  (4)  convenciones  y  catorce  (14)  resoluciones, 
que  se  expresan  &  continuaci6n : 

Convenciones. 

I.  Fijando  la  condicion  de  los  ciudadanos  naturalizados  que  re- 
nuevan  su  residencia  en  el  pais  de  su  origen. 

II.  Reclamaciones  pecuniarias. 

III.  Patentes  de  invencion,  dibujos  y  modelos  industriales,  marcas 
de  ftibrica  y  comercio,  y  propiedad  literaria  y  artlstica. 

TV.  Derecho  internacional. 

RESOLUCIONES. 

1.  jVrl>itrajo. 

2.  Reorganizacion  de  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Reptiblicas 
Americanas. 

3.  Edificio  para  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Ameri- 
canas. 

\.  Recomendando  la  creacion  de  secciones  especiales,  dej>eiidien- 
tes  de  los  Ministerios  de  Relaciones  Exteriores,  y  determinando  las 
funciones  de  ellas. 

f).  wSeccion  de  comercio,  aduana,  y  estadistica  comercial. 

G.   Deudiis  ])iil)licas. 

7.  Profesiones  liherales. 

8.  Relaciones  comerciales. 

9.  Futiiras  c(mferen('ias. 

10.  Recursos  naturales. 
i/.  Policia  sanitaria. 


BEUNION    DEL    CONSEJO    DIBECTIVO.  891 

12.  Ferrocarril  Intercontinental. 

13.  La  industria  del  cafe. 

14.  Fluctuaciones  del  tipo  de  cambio. 

A,  Cada  uno  do  los  Gobiernos  representados  en  la  Confercncia  de 
Rfo  Janeiro  dcbe  haber  recibido  del  secretario  de  la  Confercncia  copia 
certificada  de  las  convenciones  y  resoluciones  antedichas.  Parece, 
sin  embargo,  que  algunos  de  los  miembros  del  Consejo  Directivo  es- 
t&n  en  duda  de  si  sus  Gobiernos  respectivos  han  recibido  las  rcferidas 
copias,  y  en  esta  virtiid  la'comisi6n  recomienda  que  se  autorice  al 
Director  de  la  Oficina  para  que,  cuanto  antes,  se  dirija  por  tel^grafo 
al  .secretario  de  la  Confercncia  de  Rio  Janeiro,  con  el  objeto  de  cer- 
ciorarse  si  se  ha  cumplido  con  aquel  requisito. 

Hay  noticia  de  que  algunos  de  los  Gobiernos  han  sometido  dichas 
convenciones  a  los  congresos  respectivos  para  su  conaideraci6n  y 
ratificaci6n;  pero  como  estdn  incompletos  los  infomies  que  hay  al 
respecto,  se  recomienda  a  cada  uno  de  los  miembros  del  Conscgo  Di- 
rectivo que,  por  cable,  si  fuese  necesario,  se  cerciore  de  la  disposicion 
que  haya  tornado  el  Gobierno  que  representa,  y  que  ponga  en  conoci- 
miento  del  Director  de  la  Oficina  el  resultado  de  su  gestion. 

En  caso  de  que  resulte  ([ue  alguno  de  los  Gobiernos  no  ha  tomado 
todavia  las  medidas  conducentes  k  que  se  haga  el  estudio  y  la  rati- 
ficaci6n  referidos,  la  Comision  que  suscribe  recomienda  que  el  Con- 
sejo Directivo  instc  para  que  a  la  mayor  brevedad  se  llegue  a  una 
determinaci6n  final,  de  modo  ([ue  las  objeciones  6  excepciones  que 
los  Gobiernos  tengan  que  hacer  a  las  convenciones  puedan  ser  i)re- 
sentadas  4  este  Consejo,  con  el  objeto  de  que  haga  d  la  proxima 
Confercncia  Panamericana  las  recomendaciones  que  juzgue  del  caso, 
para  que  las  rcferidas  convenciones  se  moililiciuen  de  modo  de 
recibir  la  ratificacion  de  todos  los  Gobiernos. 

Lo  actuado  por  los  Gobiernos  de  la  Union  con  referencia  al  estudio 
y  ratificaci6n  de  las  convenciones  y  resoluciones  mencionadas,  segiin 
consta  de  los  arcliivos  de  la  Oficina  Internacional  y  del  Depart  a- 
mentode  Estado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  se  indican  en  el  memorandum 
anexo. 

J?  1.  La  resolucion  sobre  arbitraje  fu6  scmietida  a  la  Se^^unda  Con- 
fercncia de  La  Ilaya,  y  por  conseguiente  no  se  neccsita  liacer  otra 
gestion  en  la  materia. 

2.  La  resolucion  relativa  a  ]a  reon^anizaciun  de  la  Oficina  Inter- 
nacional de  las  Republicas  Amoricanas  depende  en  gran  parte,  si  ha 
de  tener  6xito,  de  la  accion  favorable  de  los  Gobiernos  respectivos  con 
respecto  al  aumento,  en  cincuenta  (oO)  por  ciento,  de  his  cuotas  con 
que  contribuyen  al  sostenimiento  de  dicha  Institucion,  de  acuerdo 
con  la  resolucion  uniinime  del  Consejo  Directivo  aprobada  en  la 
8esi6n  de  mayo  de  1907.  La  Comision  cjue  suscribe  recomienda  a 
cada  uno  de  los  miembros  del  Consejo  Directivo  que  se  interese  en 


892    OFICINA  IJTTERNACIONAL  DE  lulS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

demostrar  al  Gobierno  que  representa  la  urgencia  de  quefieapruebe 
el  aumento  indicado,  de  modo  que  pueda  comenzar  d  regir  el  nuevo 
presupuesto  desde  el  primcro  de  julio  de  1908.  Como  algunos  de  los 
Gobiernos  no  han  satisfecho  todavfa  cuotas  atrasadas  de  varies  afios, 
tambi^n  recomienda  esta  Comisi6n  que  los  miembros  del  Consejo 
Direct! vo,  representantes  de  diclios  paises,  encarezcan  d  sus  Gobier- 
nos respectivos  el  saldo  d  la  mayor  brevedad  de  las  cuotas  atrasadas, 
de  modo  que  no  sufra  la  Oficina  en  su  buena  marcha  por  falta  de 
fondos  necesarios. 

3.  Por  cuanto  se  refiere  d  la  resoluci6n  relativa  al  nuevo  edificio  de 
la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas,  se  hacen 
constar  los  grandes  adelantos  alcanzados  debido  al  generoso  donativo 
de  $750,000  de  Seilor  Andrew  Carnegie.  Pero  como  algunos  de  los 
Gobiernos  no  han  satisfecho  las  cuotas  correspondientes  al  edificio, 
se  recomienda  h  los  miembros  del  Consejo  que  representan  4  dichos 
paises  que  se  interesen  con  sus  Gobiernos  respectivos  para  que  vere- 
fiquen,  lo  mas  pronto  posible,  el  pago  de  dichas  cuotas  de  modo  que 
se  pueda  atender  con  ellas  d  los  gastos  de  construcci6n. 

4.  Con  referencia  i\  la  resoluci6n  que  dispone  el  nombramiento  de 
una  comision,  dependiente  del  Ministerio  de  Relaciones  Exteriores, 
para  que  gestione  la  aprobaci6n  de  las  resoluciones  adoptadas  por  las 
Conferencias  Internacionales  Americanas,  y  que  coadyuve  con  la 
Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas  en  el  desempefio 
de  sus  deberes  en  cada  uno  de  esos  paises,  se  recomienda  d  cada  uno 
do  los  miembros  del  Consejo  Directivo  que  excite  al  Gobierno  que 
representa  para  que  cuanto  antes  se  nombre  la  Comisi6n  referida, 
y  se  comunique  la  Oficina  los  nombres  de  las  personas  que  la  compo- 
nen. 

5.  En  lo  rclativo  d  la  resoluci6n  que  dispone  la  creacion  de  una 
Secci6n  Especial  de  Comercio,  Aduanas,  y  Estadistica  Comercial, 
como  dependoncia  de  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Reptiblicas 
Americanas,  la  Comision  que  suscribe  recomienda  que  se  autorice  al 
Director  para  que  haga  los  cambios  y  adiciones  convenientes  en  el 
personal  de  la  Oficina  y  los  gastos  ciue  scan  necesarios,  dentro  de  los 
recursos  de  la  misma,  para  que  sin  entorpecer  sus  trabajos  regulares 
ponga  en  practica  lo  dispuesto  por  la  referida  resoluci6n. 

6.  La  resolucion  relativa  al  cobro  de  deudas  ptiblicas  fu^  sometida 
d  la  Segunda  Conferencia  de  La  Ilaya,  de  suerte  que  no  hay  otra  gos- 
ti6n  que  hacer  en  el  particular. 

7.  En  lo  tocante  d  la  resolucion  que  dispone  la  adopci6n  6  ratifica- 
cion  del  Tratado  sobre  el  Ejercicio  de  las  Profesiones  Liberales,  sus- 
crito  el  28  de  enero  de  1902  en  la  Segunda  Conferencia  celebrada  en 
Mexico,  segiin  los  informes  que  existen  en  la  Oficina,  dicho  tratado  ha 
sido  ratificado  hasta  hoy  por  las  cinco  Repiiblicas  Centroamericanas, 
PeiH  y  Bolivia.    Se  recomienda  (jue  cada  uno  de  los  miembros  del  Con- 


beuni6n  del  consejo  dibeotivo,  393 

sejo  Directive  pregunte  d  la  mayor  brevedad  a  su  Gobiemo  cudl  serd 
lor  deterininaci6n  que  se  tome  con  referencia  d  cste  asunto. 

8.  Respecto  d  la  resoluci6ii  relativa  d  las  rclaciones  comerciales,  se 
recomienda  quo  el  trabajo  proyectado  por  la  referida  resolucion  se 
combine  con  la  Secci6n  de  Comercio,  Aduanas  y  Estadlsticas  Comer- 
cialesy  y  que  se  autorice  al  Director  para  que  tome  las  medidas  conve- 
nientes  para  obtener  los  datos. 

9.  Por  lo  que  respecta  d  la  resoluci6n  sobre  .futuras  conferencias,  so 
recomienda  que  se  determine  de  una  vez  el  lugar  y  la  fecha  del  Cuarto 
Congreso  Panamoricano,  de  acuerdo  con  la  resoluci6n  aprobada  en  la 
sesion  de  enero  de  1908,  por  el  Consejo  Directivo,  disponiendo  que  se 
reuna  la  conferencia  en  Buenos^Aires,  Repiiblica  Argentina,  en  1910. 

10.  La  resolucion  relativa  al  desarrollo  de  los  recursos  naturales  y 
mcdios  de  comunicaci6n  en  las  diversas  Reptiblicas  do  America,  queda 
comprendida  en  las  recomendaciones  referentes  d  la  Secci6n  de  Comer- 
cio, Aduanas  y  Estadisticas  Comerciales. 

11.  Referente  d  la  resoluoi6n  acerca  de  Policia  Sanitaria,  la  Tercera 
Conferencia  Sanitaria  Internacional  se  reunio,  como  estaba  resuelto, 
en  la  Ciudad  de  M6xifo,  en  los  dias  2  d  7  de  dioiembre  de  1907.  Mu- 
chas  fueron  las  recomendaciones  import  antes  que  se  aprobaron,  poro 
adn  no  se  lian  publicado  las  actas  y  los  trabajos  de  la  Conferencia.  Se 
resolvid  unanimamente  que  la  pr6xima  conferencia  se  reuna  en  San 
Jos^,  Costa  Rica,  en  1909.  La  Oficina  Internacional  estuvo  represen- 
tada  en  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Internacional  Sanitaria  por  Don 
FRANCISCO  J.  YANES,  Secretario  de  aqu6lla,  cuyo  informc  so 
publica  en  el  ntimero  do  enero  del  Boletix  Mensual. 

12.  En  relacion  d  la  resolucion  acerca  del  Ferrocarril  Interconti- 
nental, puede  decirse  que  uno  de  los  pasos  mas  import  antes  que  se  ban 
dado  para  la  realizaci6n  do  oste  proyecto  ^es  la  disposici6n  contenida 
en  la  Convencion  sol)re  Comunicaciones  firmada  })or  los  dolegados  a  la 
Conferencia  de  Paz  Controamericana,  que  se  rcimio  on  Wdshington  en 
el  local  de  la  Oficina  Liternacional  de  las  Kcpiiblicas  Americanas  en 
los  meses  de  noviembre  y  diciembre  de  1907.  Disponese  en  esta  con- 
vencion que  cada  uno  de  los  Gobiornos  signatarios  nombro  unji  conii- 
si6n  para  estudiar  y  proponer  las  medidas  necosarias  para  llevar  d 
cabo  el  trabajo  del  Ferrocarril  Intercontinental  dontro  de  su  i)r()pio 
territorio,  y  una  vez  aprobados  los  informes  resj)e('livos  se  abrira  un 
concurso  por  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  la;>  Kepublicds  Americanas 
para  celebrar  los  contratos  necesarios  para  la  construccion  de  las  liiicas. 

Con  el  fin  de  obtener  de  las  Repilblicas  Americanas  interesadas  en  el 
proyecto  del  Ferrocarril  Intercontinental  informes  exact os  en  este  par- 
ticular, se  recomienda  d  cada  uno  de  los  miombros  del  Consejo  Direc- 
tivo que  manifieste  al  Gobierno  (jue  representa  la  necesidad  de  que 
dicte  las  medidas  conducentes  para  ([ue  en  lo  futuro  se  envien  d  la 
Oficina  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas  los  datos  que  exige  la  referida 
resoluci6n. 


894    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  HEPUBLICAS  AMERTCANAS. 

13.  En  cuanto  d  la  rcsolucion  relativa  t  la  induslria  del  caf4,  quo 
dispone  la  celebracion  de  una  conferencia  en  la  ciudad  de  Sao  Paulo, 
Brasil,  corrcsponde  al  Gobicrno  de  dicho  pais  tomar  la  iniciativa  a  eslo 
respccto. 

14.  La  rcsolucion  relativa  a  las  fluctuaciones  del  tipo  do  canibio, 
dispone  que  los  difercntes  Gobienios  hagan  preparar  un  estudio 
dctallado  del  sistenia  monetario  vigente  en  cada  uno  de  ellos  y  de  las 
fluctuaciones  del  tipo  de  cambio,  el  cual  se  enviar^  k  la  Oficiiia  In- 
temacional,  para  que  6sta  prepare  un  resumen  de  diclios  estudios, 
para  la  proxima  Conferencia  Panamericana.  La  Coniisi6n  quo 
suscribe  recomienda  que  se  autoric^  al  Director  de  la  Olicina  para 
que  consulte  con  autoridades  reconocidas  en  la  materia  y  presente 
al  Consejo  Directivo  un  plan  uniforme  para  hacer  dichos  estudios  que 
se  someterd  d  cada  uno  de  los  Gobienios. 

En  conclusion,  la  Comision  que  suscribe,  liabiendo  desempouado 
su  cometido,  recomienda  que  se  declare  terminada  su  gesti6n  y  que 
cualquier  otra  materia  relacionada  con  lo  antedicho  sea  sometida  &,  la 
Comisi<3n'de  Vigilancia  del  Consejo  Directivo. 

J.  N.  Leger. 
Epifaxio  Portela. 
Felipe  Pardo. 
Washington,  1  defelreroj  1908. 


MEMORANDTJM  DE  LO  ACTUADO  POR  LOS  G0BIEBN08  DE  LA  TJNitfK 
CON  REFERENCIA  A  LA  RATIFICACldN  DE  LAS  CONVENCIONES 
Y  RESOLUCIONES  DE  LA  TERCERA  CONFERENCIA  PANAMERI- 
CANA, SEGTJN  CONSTA  DE  LOS  ARCHIVOS  DE  LA  OFICINA 
INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPT^BLICAS  AMERICANAB  Y  DEL 
DEPARTAMENTO  DE  ESTADO  DE  LOS  ESTADOS  T7NIDOS. 

CONVENC'IONES. 

Con  fcclia  2  de  marzo  do  1907  el  Presidente  <le  los  Estados  Unidos 
envio  al  Congreso  las  cuatro  convenciones  finnadas  en  Rio  Janeiro. 
Ilasia  aliora  bolo  la  do  Kcclainaciones  Pecuniarias  y  la  de  Xaturali- 
zacion  Imn  sido  ralilicadas.     Quedaii  pendientes  las  otras  dos.** 

El  Presidonte  de  la  Kej)ul)lica  Dominicana  somelio  al  ron«rreso 
las  cualro  convenrioiKvs.  La  uiiica  (lue  aprobo  dicht)  ciierpo  en  su 
ultima  sesion  fue  la  de  Deroeho  Inteniacional. 

Kl  GobieriH)  del  Salvador,  ratilieo  (^n  11  de  mayo  de  1907.  la.s  cuairo 
eoiiveiieiones. 

Kl  27  de  dieiembre  de  1907,  el  Brasil  ratifieo  la  Convencion  de 
Derccho  In  macional,  y  se  aulorizo  al  Kjeeutivo  para  <|iie  hieiera 
1  acionados  eon  la  reunion  de  la  Confereneia  de 

i     cst4^  aiVo. 


M)  Intemacional— 3  de  Febrero  do  1908. 


BELACIONES  COMERCIALE8  CON  LA  AMEKICA  DEL  BUR.        395 

El  Presidente  del  Unigiiay  en  iin  mensajo  al  Concrroso  de  27  de 
marzo  de  1907,  recomendo  i^  dicho  ciierpo  que  se  aprobara  la  Conven- 
cion  de  Dereeho  Intemacional,  y  en  su  caso  que  se  nombrara  al  Dr. 
GoxzALO  Ramirez,  representante  en  el  Congreso  de  Rio  tTaneiro. 

RESOLrCIONES. 

El  Gobierno  de  Chile,  segun  nota  del  ilinistro  Americano  en  San- 
tiago, fechada  i  3  de  julio  de  1907,  decidio  nombrar  la  comisi6n 
encargada  de  gestionar  la  aprobacion  de  las  resoluciones  de  las  Con- 
ferencias  Intemacionales  Americanas. 

I^  Republica  del  Salvador  ha  raliliciido  todas  las  res4)hiciones. 


MUERTE  DEL  SE^JOR  ARTHUR  W.  I  ERGUSSOX. 

En  la  (iltiina  reuni6n  celebrada  j)ur  el  Consejo  Directivo  de  la 
oficiua  Intemacional  de  las  K€7>ul)licas  Americanas  el  dia  5  de 
febrero  de  1908,  el  Sefior  Ministro  de  Costa  Rica  i)ropuso  ([ue  el  Con- 
sejo Directivo  hiciera  una  demostracion  do  pesanie  con  motivo  de  la 
in&perada  y  bien  senlida  muerte  d(4  Sefior  Ai:tuur  W.  Fergusson, 
Secretario  Ejecutivo  en  Filipinas,  que  fue  uno  de  los  intcrpretes 
oliciales  y  Iraductor  de  espailol  en  la  Primera  Conforencia  Panameri- 
cana,  y  mas  tarde  jefe  de  traductores  d(^  la  (Jficina  Intemacional 
durante  muchos  afios.  Tambicn  fue  el  interpreto  olicial  de  la 
Comision  de  Paz  que  celebro  el  Tratado  de  Paris,  mereciendo  las  mas' 
lionrosas  felicitaciones  por  la  manera  como  desempeno  su  cometido. 
El  Sefior  Fergussox  se  separo  de  la  Oficina  para  ir  a  desempefiar  el 
puesto  de  interpretc  y  traductor  oficial  de  la  Comision  Civil  en  Fili- 
pimis,  habiendo  sido  ascendiilo,  por  sus  notables  y  meritorios  scr- 
vicios,  al  puesto  que  desempefiaba  al  tioiupo  de  su  muerte.  Los 
}kIinistros  de  Cubay  Nicaragua  a]>oyar(>ii  con  cjjh>r  la  mocioii  del  Mi- 
nistro de  Costa  Rica  y  el  primcropro])uso([uc  sc  comiMonara  al  Diredor 
de  la  Oficina  Intemacional  para  ox])rcsar  a  la  familia  dd  finado  Sefior 
Fergusson  la  profunda  pcna  con  ({iw  el  Consejo  Directivo  dt^  la  Ofici- 
na Intemacional  de  las  Repiiblicas  Americanas  se  liabia  impuosto  de 
la  prematura  muerte  del  Senor  Fkrgussox. 


RELACIOXES     COMERCIALES    DE     LOS     ESTADOS 
UNIDOS  COX   LA  AMKRK  A  DEL  SUR. 

En  el  verano  de  1907  cuando  el  Profesor  William  R.  SjiKPiiERi) 
de  la  Universidad  de  Columlna  de  Xueva  York  hizo  un  viajc  j)or 
la  America  del  Sur,  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Rc|)ul)licas 
Americanas  le  6uplic6  que  hiciera  ciertas  investi^aciones  acerca  dc 
las  relaciones  comerciales  de   los  Estiu\os  YmvVo^  cow  \q>^  ^j'iilva^^ 


396    OFICINA  TNTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBTCANAS. 

sudamericanos  y  quo  le  proporcionara  d  la  Oficina  un  informe  sobre 
aqu611as.  El  Profesor  Shepherd  ha  presentado  una  disertaci6n 
extensa  y  completa.  En  esta  e(lici6n  del  BoLETfx  se  publican 
algunas  de  sus  deducciones  y  extractos  de  su  informe.  En  la  secci6n 
inglesa  de  este  BoLETfx  se  encontrardn  extractos  mds  extensos  de 
dicho  informe. 

El  Profesor  Shepherd  dice  ^^que  nadie  niega  que  el  comercio  de  los 
Estados  Unidos  con  la  America  del  Sur  no  se  aumenta  como  debiera 
aumcntarso.  Es  igualmcnte  cierto  que  el  capital  y  la  inmigraci6n 
extranjeros  son  factores  enteramenle  indispensables  para  el  desarrollo 
y  prosperidad  de  las  Republicas  en  aquella  parte  del  mundo,  lo  mismo 
que  lo  han  sido  para  el  desarrollo  nacional  do  nuestro  propio  pals.*' 

El  atraso  del  comercio  norteamericano  con  las  naciones  sudameri- 
canas,  segiin  la  opini6n  del  Profesor  Shepherd,  se  debe  d  varias 
causas,  tanto  naturales  como  artificiales.  Debe  tenerse  presente  que, 
por  razonos  geogrdficas,  6tnicas  6  liistoricas,  tanto  en  el  Continente 
Norte  como  en  el  Sur,  las  lineas  de  comunicaci6n  y  de  comercio  se 
han  dosarrollado  hacia  el  este  y  al  oeste,  pero  no  hacia  el  norte  y 
hacia  el  sur.  Los  europeos,  es  decir,  los  cspanoles,  ingleses,  alemanes, 
francesos,  6  italianos,  son  los  primeros  que  han  invadido  el  campo,  y 
por  consiguionto  han  obtenido  las  ventajas  quo  naturalmente  surgen 
de  este  hecho. 

A  fin  de  quo  el  norteamericano  pueda  competir  con  6xito  en  el 

.  comercio  do  la  America  del  Sur,  es  necesario,  primero,  que  tenga  lo 

quo  bien  puedc  denominarsc  elementos  comerciales  ordinarios,  tales 

como  im  transporto  adocuado,  y  medios  postales  y  financieros.     El 

Profesor  Shepherd  agroga  lo  siguionto : 

^' Al  solicitar  datos  de  los  oxportadoros  norteamericanos  que  tienen 
un  conocimionto  practico  do  la  situaci6n,  se  Uoga  al  conocimiento  de 
dos  hochos  import  antes.  Primoro,  quo  nuestros  medios  de  comunica- 
cion  con  la  America  del  Sur  son  onteramonte  inadecuados,  y,  segundo, 
quo  los  tipos  do  floto  quo  so  cobran  por  las  morcancias  que  so  envian 
d  a([uollos  pafsos  son  miis  altos  quo  los  quo  so  cobran  sobre  las  expor- 
tacionos  do  Europa  por  una  distancia  igual,  y  bajo  las  mismas  con- 
dicionos  do  oml)ar({uo.  Do  soguro  quo  os  una  porogrullada  asoverar 
(luo  los  buf[uos  quo  oonducon  productos  norte  americanos  casi  todos 
navogan  con  bandoras  oxt  ran joras,  y  por  consocuencia  la  ganancia  del 
transporto  la  obtionon  sus  duofios  extranjeros.  Pero  haciondo  case 
omiso  do  este  hocho,  el  numoro  vordadoro  do  dichos  buciues  extran- 
jeros y  los  medios  do  transporto  quo  proporcionan,  tanto  a  los  pasa* 
joros  como  a  la  carga,  considorados  en  conjunto,  son  insuficientos, 
asi  como  son  m^is  6  monos  irrogularos  las  fechas  de  sus  salidas  v 
llogadas.  Los  duofios  europeos  do  lineas  de  vapores  y  de  buques 
do  vela,  como  oncuontran  mtis  ganancia  on  el  comercio  directo  dc 
Europa  a  la  America  del  Sur,  bicn  pueden  abandonar  las  exports- 


BELAOIONES    COMERCIALES    CON    LA    AMiSrICA    DEL    8UR.        397 

clones  do  los  Estados  Unidos  a  aquella  parte  del  mundo,  al  paso  que 
hacen  todo  lo  que  esta  &  su  alcanco  para  sumiuistrar  medios  para 
Uevar  &  cabo  la  exportaci6n  de  los  productos  do  sus  propios  palses. 
A  prop6sito  de  lo  que  se  acaba  de  cxponer,  cuniple  recordar  que  los 
tipos  de  precios  actuales  extranjeros  sobre  las  mcrcancfas  que  so 
envlan  por  cualquiera  linea  directa  de  buques  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
&  la  America  del  Sur,  6  en  cualquier  caso,  &  la  costa  oriental  y  &  la 
parte  sur  de  la  costa  occidental  de  aquel  conlinente,  se  calculan 
sobre  la  base  do  lo  que  cl  export  ador  norteaniericano  tendria  quo 
pagar,  embarcando  primeramente  sus  mcrcancias  d  Europa,  y, 
segundo,  por  enviarlas  de  Europa  &  la  America  del  Sur.  Por  mds 
que  los  tipos  de  flete  que  se  cobran  por  las  lineas  directas  dc  los 
Estados  Unidos  d  la  America  del  Sur  pueden  ser  mas  bajos  que  los 
dos  tipos  de  flete  juntos  que  se  cobran,  es  decir,  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
&  Europa  y  de  Europa  d  la  America  del  Sur,  diclios  tipos  de  flete 
resultan  roalmente  mds  altos  que  los  que  se  cobran  de  Jiuropa 
solanientc.  Asi  pues,  acontece  que,  en  igualdad  de  circunstancias, 
al  exportador  aleman  6  ingl6s  pagando,  conio  lo  liace,  menos  que  el 
norteamericano  por  el  transporte  de  sus  niercancfa^s,  le  os  posiblo 
vender  4  precios  nias  bajos  que  el  norteaniericano  en  el  niercado 
sudamericano/^ 

El  Profesor  Shepherd  sugiere  que  se  envien  agentos  coinerciales 
esi)cciales  do  los  Estados  Unidos  con  el  fin  de  estudiar  las  condi- 
ciones  locales  en  todos  los  dmbitos  de  los  Estados  Sudamericanos. 
Estos  agentes  deben  hablar  bien  el  castellano  6  el  portugues,  segtin 
sea  el  caso,  y  deben  llevar  consigo  todos  los  impresos  necesarios  en 
el  idioma  del  pais  donde  hagan  su  propaganda.  Si  el  costo  de  tales 
agentes  fuese  demasiado  grande  para  una  sola  casa  de  comercio,  el 
expresado  Profesor  indica  que  varias  casas  podrian  unirse  d  fin  do 
que  dichos  gastos  no  resultasen  tan  gravosos  para  una  sola.  ^^Como 
una  ampliacion  de  este  plan,  acaso  seria  conveniento  i\  los  exporta- 
dores  americanos  que  est6n  interesados  en  el  comercio  con  la  America 
del  Sur,  organizar  una  especie  de  sindicato  para  llevar  d  cabo  las 
opcraciones  generales  de  venta  on  cualciuier  pais  6  paisos  deter- 
minados.  Podrfan  establecer  una  iVgencia  y  Deposito  Central  en  el 
cual  pudieran  exliibirse  mucstras  de  sus  mercancias,  y  podrian  em- 
plearse  eficazmente  sus  circulares,  catalogos  y  otros  medios  de  pro- 
porcionar  informes  t^cnicos.  Ademds,  si  cualquiera  ompresa  na- 
cional  tuviese  una  exposici6n  permanente  de  productos  indus- 
triales  en  sus  varias  etapas  de  fabricacion,  las  casas  americanas  (juo 
hacen  negocios  en  ese  pais  deben  ponerse  inmediatamente  en  comu- 
nicaci6n  con  dicho  establecimiento,  ya  sea  por  condu(*to.  do  sus 
agentes,  6  mediante  el  envio  de  los  debidos  informes  acerca  de  las 
mercancias  que  fabrican/' 


398    OnCINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBMCAS  AKEBICAXAS. 

En  cuanto  a  la  deficiencia  del  servicio  de  vapores,  el  Profesor  Sbtep- 
HERD  se  expresa  en  los  tcrminos  siguientes: 

*'E1  servicio  postal  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  costa  oriental 
de  Slid  Aii^rica,  via  Eiiropa,  es  bastante  bueno,  pero  el  que  exisle 
enlre  estc  pais  y  la  costa  occidental  de  aquel  continente  es  niuy 
inalo.  A  veces  se  reqiiieren  siete  semanas  para  que  turn  carta  de 
Nueva  York  llegue  d  Valparaiso.  Si  un  vapor  se  detiene  en  el 
puerto,  rara  vez  se  trasborda  la  correspondencia,  obteni^ndose  per 
rosultado  que  de  las  dos  cartas  la  que  se  cnvio  ultiniainente  suele 
Uegar  primero.  Los  pasajeros  y  la  carga  con  frecuencia  no  saltan 
mcjor  servidos.  Los  tipos  que  so  cobran  por  el  transporte  por  una 
distancia  igual  suelen  variar  de  tiempo  en  tiempK).  Ademis,  no  s6]o 
es  sumamente  poca  la  velocidad  de  los  vapores  de  la  costa  occidental. 
sino  que  con  frecuencia  surgen  demoras  mortificantes  porque  el 
capitan  6  el  oficial  de  sanidad  dc  un  puerto  deja  de  hacer  su  visit  a 
acostunibrada  hasta  (\\xc  Ic  conviene.  For  otra  parte,  las  liuelgas 
suelen  ser  algo  frecuentes,  dando  csto  por  resultado  ia  acumulaciou 
de  niercancias  fragiles  en  los  muelles  y  plaj'as.  En  tal  caso,  los 
coniisionistas  y  demas  interesados  en  las  mercancias,  suelen  publicar 
avisos  en  los  periodicos  expresando  que  mientras  continue  la 
acuinulaci6n  no  so  hariin  responsables  de  las  p6rdidas  6  perjuicios 
que  reciba  la  mercancia. " 

For  regla  general  el  comereiante  sudamericano  cstd  acosluinhrado 
a  coniprar  a  plazos  largos.  Fuwle  decirse  que  esto  no  se  hitce  cx- 
clusivaniente  en  la  America  del  Sur,  sino  que  es  la  regla  cstal>lecida 
en  todos  los  ])aises  que  afin  no  se  ban  desarrollado  por  completo,  y 
en  la  aclualidad  es  la  regla,  en  gran  esc*-ala,  en  los  Estados  del  Sur 
de  los  Estados  Tnidos,  asi  como  en  las  colonias  britanicas.  A  fin  de 
poder  ostablccer  este  sistema  de  plazos,  es  necesario  tener  nietiios 
l)u)icari()s  adccuados.  Estos  medios  se  le  facilitan  en  gran  maiiea^i 
al  <'oinor('iiinto  ruropoo  (|uo  bace  negocios  en  la  America  del  Sur.  pero 
en  cuanlo  al  coinerciante  norteamericano  puede  deeirse  que  carece 
de  el  los.  Las  exigeiicias  del  comercio  le  obligan  a  pedir  cjue  se  le 
ptigue  al  contado  en  algunos  casos  en  (jue  de  buen  grado  conc^eria 
un  plazo  si  tuvi(»ra  los  iihmHos  bancarios  debidos.  En  niuchos  casos 
estos  liecbos  son  suiicient(\s  para  excliiirle  jH)r  completo  del  comercio 
sudainericjino.  En  rela<-i6n  con  lo  (jue  acaba  de  exponerse,  el  Pro- 
fesor SiiF:rnEiii>  dice  lo  <iiie  siirue: 

"  La  cari'iicia  de  l)ancos  arnericanos  vn  la  America  del  Sur  haco  que 
las  transaccioiies  conierciab^s  de  niiestros  ciudadanos  en  dicbo  con- 
tiiuMiti*  est  en  mfis  o  menos  a  merced  de  las  sucursales  de  instituciones 
bancarias  eijropr*as  ciiyos  esfuerzos  naturalmente  se  encaminan  & 
favorecer  el  coinercio  de  sus  respiM'tivos  paises  contra  el  nuostro. 
])aii<lo  por  s(>nta(1o  <|ue  el  estableciniiento  de  bancos  aniericanos 
facilitnna  el  comercio  americano,  poniue  lo  pondrfan  en  condiciones 


RELAOIONES   COMERCrALES   CON   LA    AMERICA    DEL   SUE.     399 

do  poder  prescindir  de  las  corporacioncs  europeas,  no  es  meiios  cierto 
que  dichas  instituciones  bancarias  proporcionarian  pingiies  ganan- 
cias  d  sus  fundadorcs  j  direct  ores.  En  relacion  con  esto  bast  a  men- 
cionar  las  ganancias — que  varian  desde  un  8  hast  a  un  15  por  ciento 
anual — que  los  bancos  europeos  obtieneh  en  los  cambios,  libranzas  y 
otros  giros  an&logos. 

^*Los  Estados  Unidos  no  ban  celebrado  con  algunas  de  las  IJopu- 
blicas  sudamericanas  ningtin  convenio  mediant e  un  tratado  para  la 
oxpcdici6n  de  giros  postales.  Con  este  niolivo  cl  sudamcricano  que 
desea  pagar  cualquier  articulo  que  haya  recibido  de  los  Estados 
Unidos,  esta  obligado  &  efectuar  el  pago  por  conducto  de  alguna 
agenda  europea.  La  demora  y  los  gastos  que  semejante  (ransacci6n 
ocasiona  perjudica  la  importacion  de  productos  americanos.'' 

A  pesar  de  cstos  hechos,  el  Profesor  Skepheed  opina  que  la  situa- 
ci6n  de  los  Estados  Unidos  en  cuanto  al  comercio  sudamcricano  puedc 
mejorarse  mucho  si  se  hace  el  debido  esfuerzo  en  ese  sentido.  Es 
necesario  que  los  agentes  viajeros  y  vendedores  conozcan  ol  castc^lluno 
y  el  portugu6s;  ([ue  tanto  los  catalogos  como  las  listas  de  precios  se 
publiquen  en  estos  idiomas  y  que  la  correspondencia  tambien  se  Ucve 
enellos;  que  los  agentes  viajeros  se  pongan  en  directa  comunicacion 
con  loscomerciantes  en  vez  de  hacerlos  negocios  por  conducto  de  inter- 
mediaries extranjeros.  Sobre  este  punto  el  Profesor  Shepherd  dice 
lo  siguiente: 

'^Ademas,  en  vez  de  tomarse  la  molest ia  de  ir  al  interior  de  dichos 
paisesyol  agent<3  viajero  norteamericano  por  lo  general  se  contenta  con 
visit ar  las  poblaciones  de  la  costa  y  se  pone  on  contacto  con  casas  impor- 
tadoras  inglesas  6  con  establecimientos  alemanes  por  el  estilo,  en  los 
cuales  se  habla  el  ingles.  Por  medio  de  diclio  agente  viajero  6  directa- 
mente  por  conducto  de  lamisraacasa  norteamoricana.  con  frecuencia 
se  ostablee^n  agendas  en  los  centros  dondo  ostan  precisameiitc  niios- 
tros  principales  compotidores,  en  vez  de  conliar  la  direccion  de  dichas 
agendas  a  los  hijos  del  pais.  Desde  luego  piiede  suponorso  el  gran 
beneficio  que  la  casa  alomaiia  6  inglesa  deriva  p(»r  el  liecho  d(»  ento- 
rarse  de  los  secretos  del  comercio  norteamericano.  Aun  en  los  casos 
en  que  haya  sido  establecida  una  ageucia  dirigida  j)<)r  los  lujos  del 
pais,  suele  acontecer  que  la  casa  norteanuTicana  esj)era  hast  a  (jue  la 
agenda  ha  creado  un  buen  nu>rcado  para  un  articulo  es])ecial,  y 
entonces  encarga  la  venta  del  mismo  a  una  sucursal  niievamente 
establecida  de  aquella.  ^  Resentiilo  por  lo  que  juzga  como  un  j)roceder 
injusto,  el  antiguo  agente  puede  tener  a  bien  iiup(^dir,  sile  es  ])osible, 
la  venta  de  un  articulo  cava  propaganda  habia  hecho  antes." 

Al  hacer  los  anuncios  debe  desplcgarse  mucho  cuidado.  El  Pro- 
fesor Shepherd  cree  que  es  enteramente  inutll,  en  la  mayor  parte  do 
los  casos,  publicar  anuncios  en  los  pcriudicos  y  n^vistas  quo  salen  a 
luz  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  6  en  cualquiera  otra  parte  f uera  de  los  paises 


400    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

con  los  cualcs  cl  comerciante  desea  hacer  negocios,  ya  sea  que  estos 
periodicos  6  rcvistas  se  publiquen  6  no  en  los  idiomas  espailol  y  portu- 
gues.     Los  anuncios  deben  hacerse  en  los  peri6dicos  locales.     El  ex 
presado  prof esor  dice  lo  que  sigue : 

''A  prop6sito  de  este  asunto  debe  hacerse  constar  que  todos  los 
sudamericanos  que  lecn  los  peri6dicos  y  revistas  lo  ha<jen  eon  una 
avidez  que  no  tiene  ejemplo  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  con  la  unica 
exccpcion,  acaso,  de  algunos  distritos  del  pais  que  quedan  muy 
remotos.  Sucle  leerse  y  comentarse  desde  el  artlculo  de  fondo  m^ 
incisivo  y  picante  hasta  los  anuncios  mds  insipidos.  El  fabricanto  6 
industrial  norteaniericano  que  desea  conseguir  el  mercado  sud- 
americano  debe  publicar  sus  anuncios  en  los  principales  peri6dicos, 
revistas  ilustradas  y  diarios  comerciales  que  se  publican  realmente 
en  los  paises  en  los  cuales  est6  interesado,  y  que  sean  dirigidos  por 
Lijos  del  pais." 

El  Profesor  Shepherd  cree  que  es  innegable  que  los  comerciantes 
6  industriales  de  los  Estados  Unidos  tienen  mucho  que  aprender  en 
cuanto  al  embalaje  y  marcas  de  las  mercanclas  que  se  envlan  k  Sud 
America,  y  sc  expresa  en  los  siguientes  t^rminos: 

''Las  mercanclas  que  se  envian  de  los  Estados  Unidos  con  fre- 
cuencia  se  enibalan  en  tamaiios  y  medidas  y  ostentando  marcas  que 
no  se  usan  en  la  America  del  Sur.  A  veces  la  caja,  caj6n,  pipa,  etc., 
es  (lomasiado  grande  para  el  fm  d  que  se  dedica,  obligando  asf  al 
imi)()rtador  a  pagar  por  un  tamaiio  6  peso  adicional  en  la  aduana  y 
en  cualquiera  otra  parte.  Acontece  con  alguna  frecuencia  que  un 
fal)ricantc  norteaniericano  no  se  csfuerza  mucho  por  resguardar  sus 
consignacioncs  de  larotura,  el  goteo,  orobo.  Enormes  cajas,  construidas 
do  tablas  delgadas  de  manera  que  resultan  endebles,  y  desprovistas 
de  prcointas  do  hierro  u  plros  mcdios  de  seguridad,  se  llenan  de  mer- 
ctincla  muy  pesada  y  se  envlan  k  la  America  del  Sur  para  que  las 
roinpan  y  abran  adrodo  los  rapaces  manipuladores  de  carga,  6  se 
rompan  accidontahiionte  al  trasladarse  de  los  alijadores  6  muelles 
A  los  vaporos  6  buques  de  velas,  6  viceversa.  Cualquiera  que  haya 
observado  la  carga  6  descarga  de  un  alijailor,  especialmente  en  la 
costa  del  Pacifico  do  la  America  del  Sur,  y  se  haya  fijado  en  la  estafa 
y  dcstruccion  quo  con  frecuencia  ocun-e  como  consecuencia  de  un 
embalaje  dcficiente,  sc  explicani  cudn  negligentes  son  los  expor- 
tadores  norteamoricanos  on  oste  particular.  Ademas,  el  exportador 
nortoamoricano  a  momich)  doja  do  asogurar  suficientemente  sus  con- 
signaciono^s  contra  la  rotura,  ol  goteo,  6  el  robo,  ni  tampoco  procura 
j)r<)togorsc  do  una  manora  adocuada  contra  las  compaiilas  ile  vapores 
cxtranjoras  quo  conducon  sus  mercanclas.  El  exportador  norteameri- 
cano  tampoco  marca  los  artlculos  quo  exporta  de  la  manera  que  debiera 
liacoilo.  No  solo  se  dojan  do  hacer  on  los  marbetes  y  se  cxprosan 
crroncaincniii  6  sc  colocan  de  una  manera  indebida  las  indicaciones 


FBikTBBNIDAD  CENTBOAMERICANA.  401 

en  cuanto  &  la  forma,  tamaflo  y  contenido,  etc.,  sino  que  las  verda- 
deras  direcciones  de  los  consignatarios  se  escriben  de  una  manera 
incorrecta  6  se  fijan  de  una  manera  tan  deficiente  que  Uegan  &  borrarse 
antes  de  que  las  mercanclas  lleguen  &  su  destine." 


ACTA  CONSTITUTIVA  DE   LA  FRATERNIDAD  CEN- 
TROAMERICANA. 

En  la  ciudad  de  W&shington,  &  los  14  dfas  del  mes  de  diciembre  de 
1907,  se  reunieron,  en  el  Hotel  New  WiUard,  los  Sefiores  Don  Enrique 
C.  Creel,  Mr.  William  I.  Buchanan,  Lie.  Don  Luis  Anderson,  Don 
Joaquin  Bernardo  Calvo,  Lie.  Don  Antonio  Batres  Jauregui, 
Don  VfcTOR  SjLnchez  Ocana,  Dr.  Don  Luis  Toledo  Herrarte,  Dr. 
Don  PoLicARPo  BoNiLLA,  Don  E.  Constantino  Fiallos,  Dr.  Don 
Angel  Ugarte,  Dr.  Don  Jos6  Madriz,  Dr.  Don  Luis  F.  Corea,  Dr. 
Don  Salvador  Gallegos,  Don  Federico  MejI a  y  Dr.  Don  Salvador 
RodrIguez  G. 

A  moci6n  del  Sefior  Creel,  y  teni^ndose  en  cuenta  que  la  obra  que 
ha  acometido  y  llevado  &  cabo  la  Conferencia  de  Paz  Centroamericana, 
no  s61o  encierra  un  importante  programa  intemacional,  para  asegurar 
la  paz,  la  uni6n  y  la  armonfa  de  aquellos  pueblos  hermanos,  sino  que 
tambifin  con  eUa  se  ha  dado  un  gran  paso  en  el  campo  de  los  principios, 
creando,  por  primera  vez  en  el  mundo,  una  corte  pcrmanente  de 
justicia,  que  resuelva  por  la  ley  y  la  raz6n  todas  las  cuestiones  inter- 
nacionales,  que  en  muchos  casos  pudieran  ser  motivo  de  guerras ; 

Y  como  este  ensayo  interesa  d  la  humanidad,  que  en  su  evoluci6n 
de  progreso  viene  persiguiendo  el  triunfo  de  los  principios  sobre  la 
fuerza,  las  soluciones  pacilicas  sobre  las  luchas  sangrientas,  y  el  imperio 
de  la  raz6n  y  de  la  justicia  como  el  mds  alto  de  sus  ideales; 

Y  como  la  opini6n  publica  sin  duda  contribuirfa  eficazmente  & 
sostener  y  propagar  esos  principios,  k  darle  mayor  prestigio  d  la  Corte 
y  m&s  popularidad  y  firmeza  d  sus  f alios ; 

Por  todas  estas  consideraciones,  han  convenido  los  signatarios  en 
formar  una  ^'Fratemidad  Centroamericana,' '  de  car^ctor  cientlfico, 
que  haga  la  propaganda  de  estos  principios,  en  conformidad  d  las 
siguientes  bases,  sus  estatutos  y  reglamentos: 

I.  Queda  establecida  ima  sociedad  denominada  **Fraternidad 
Centroamericana,' '  la  cual  tendrd  como  principal  objeto  trabajar  por 
la  paz,  la  armonia  y  el  progreso  de  Centro  America;  procurar  la 
subsistencia  de  la  Corte  de  Justicia  Centroamericana  y  el  respeto  k 
sus  f alios;  y,en  general,  hacer  la  propaganda  de  los  principios  consig- 
nadosenlas  diferentes  Convenciones  de  la  Conferencia  de  Washington. 

II.  A  la  Fratemidad  Centroamericana  podrto  pertenecer  no  sola- 
mente  los  individuos  presentes  y  los  originarios  6  vecinos  de  Centro 

29039— Bull.  2—08 11 


402    OFIGINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBUCAS  AMEBIGAKA8. 

America,  sino  tambi^n  todas  las  personas  de  buena  voluntad  que,  por 
raz6n  de  simpatizar  con  los  paises  centroamericanos,  tener  intereses 
en  ellos,  6  ligas  con  sus  habitantes,  6  haberse  propuesto  desarroUar, 
propagar  y  defender  los  principios  de  justicia  intemacional,  deseen 
formar  parte  de  la  agrupacion  y  sostener  su  obra. 

III.  En  cada  Reptiblica  de  Centro  Am6rica,  en  los  Estados 
Unidos  de  America  y  en  los  Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos,  habr&  dele- 
gaciones,  que  se  reunirdn  en  los  lugares  que  indiquen  sus  respectivos 
preside^tes,  para  dar  cuenta  del  resultado  de  su  propaganda,  para 
el  cambio  de  ideas  y  para  los  acuerdos  que  estimen  conveniente  tomar 
para  el  buen  6xito  de  la  causa  comtin. 

IV.  Las  reuniones  en  cada  Reptiblica  tendr&n  el  cardcter  de 
asambleas  ordinarias ;  y  las  generales,  que  se  reunan  en  alguno  de  los 
paises  por  acuerdo  de  los  siete  presidentes  y  &  las  que  concurrir&n 
las  delegaciones,  tendrdn  el  cardcter  de  asambleas  extraordinarias. 

V.  En  la  orden  del  dia  se  fijardn  los  asimtos  que  de  preferencia  ban 
de  tratarse  en  las  asambleas  ordinarias  y  extraordinarias,  sin  perjuicio 
de  todos  los  dem6,s  que,  con  absoluta  libertad,  propongan  los  socios. 

VI.  Cada  delegaci6n  se  compondrd  de  xm  presidente,  un  vice- 
presidente,  un  tesorero,  un  secretario  y  tres  vocales. 

VII.  En  los  estatutos  y  reglamentos  se  precisarto  las  facultades 
de  las  delegaciones  y  los  deberes  de  los  socios. 

VIII.  Habrd  socios  activos  y  socios  honorarios,  cuyo  ingreso  &  la 
Praternidad  ser6,  aprobado  por  las  delegaciones  respectivas  6  per 
las  asambleas  ordinarias  6  extraordinarias. 

IX.  La  Fraternidad  establecerd  un  distintivo,  cuyas  condiciones 
senalar6,n  los  estatutos  y  que  llevard  las  palabras  ''Fraternidad 
Centroamericana." 

Enrique  C.  Creel. 
Wm.  I.  Buchanan. 
Luis  Anderson. 
J.  B.  Calvo. 
Salvador  Gallegos. 

F.  MEjfA. 

Antonio  Batres  Jaubboui. 

VfcTOR  Sanchez  O. 

Jose  Madriz. 

Luis  F.  Corea. 

Luis  Toledo  Herbabte. 

Salvador  RoDBfouEZ  G. 

P.  BONILLA. 
E.  C.  FlALLOS. 

Angel  Ugabte. 


FRATEBNIDAD  CENTBOAMEBICANA.  408 

sesi6n  PRIMERA. 

En  la  ciudad  de  W&shington  d  las  12  m.  del  dla  18  de  diciembre  de 
1907.  Reunidos  en  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Ameri- 
canas  los  SefLores  Don  Enrique  C.  Creel,  Doctor  Luis  Anderson, 
Don  Joaquin  Bernardo  Calvo,  Lie.  AntonIo  Batres  Jauregui, 
Don  VfcTOR  SiNCHEZ  OcANA,  Doctor  Luis  Toledo  Herrarte,  Doc- 
tor PoLiCARPO  BoNiLLA,  Don  E.  Constantino  Fiallos,  Doctor 
Anoel  Ugarte,  Doctor  Josfe  Madriz,  Doctor  Luis  Felipe  Corea, 
Doctor  Salvador  Gallegos,  Don  Federico  MejIa,  y  Doctor  Salva- 
dor RoDRfGUEZ  Gonzalez,  con  el  objeto  de  celebrar  la  primera  sesi6n 
de  la  Fratemidad  Centroamericana,  organizada  por  acta  de  14  de  este 
mes,  se  procedi6  de  la  manera  siguiente : 

Primero.  Por  aclamaci6n,  se  nombr6  Presidente  de  la  Fratemidad 
Centroamericana  al  Seflor  Don  Enrique  C.  Creel,  quien  tom6 
inmediatamente  posesi6n  de  su  cargo. 

Segimdo.  El  Seflor  Presidente  nombr6  Secretario  de  la  Sociedad 
al  Dr.  Jose  Madriz,  que  tom6  posesi6n. 

Tercero.  A  moci6n  del  Seflor  Presidente,  se  nombr6  una  comi- 
8i6n  compuesta  de  los  Seflores  Doctores  Madriz  y  Fiallos  para 
redactar  un  proyecto  de  estatutos  de  la  sociedad. 

Cuarto.  A  moci6n  del  Doctor  Bonilla,  fu6  agregado  d  la  coinisi6n 
Seflor  Creel. 

Quinto.  d  moci6n  del  Seflor  Anderson  y  por  aclamaci6n,  se  de- 
clar6  al  Seflor  Creel  Presidente  Vitalicio  de  al  Fratemidad  Centro- 
americana, y  Presidentes  Honorarios  de  la  misma  al  Excelentlsimo 
Seflor  Elihu  Root,  Secretario  de  Estado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de 
America,  y  al  Excelentlsimo  Seflor  Don  Ignacio  Mariscal,  Secretario 
de  Estado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos. 

Sexto.  Habiendo  manifestado  los  Senores  Ugarte  y  Corea  la  buena 
disjk>sici6n  del  Hon.  Robert  Bacon,  Subsecretario  de  Estado  de  los 
Estados  Unidos,  de  pertenecer  como  socio  activo  &  la  Fratemidad 
Centroamericana,  se  acord6  por  aclamaei6n  su  nombramiento  como 
tal,  &  moci6n  del  Seflor  Presidente  Creel. 

S^timo.  A  moci6n  del  Senor  Anderson,  se  acord6  nombrar  comi- 
sionados  especiales  de  la  Fratemidad  Centroamericana  a  los  jefes 
de  las  delegaciones  &  la  Conferencia  de  Paz,  para  trabajar  por  la 
organizaci6n  de  la  sociedad  en  sus  respectivos  paises. 

Octavo.  A  propuesta  del  Seflor  Presidente,  fueron  nombrados 
socios  activos  de  la  Fratemidad  Centroamericana  en  Mexico,  las 
personas  siguientes :  [Aqul  la  lista.] 

Noveno.  A  moci6n  del  Seflor  Ugarte,  se  acord6,  que  cada  Delega- 
cion  proponga  en  la  sesion  pr6xima  los  nombres  de  las  personas  que 
deban  ser  nombradas  socios  activos  en  su  respectivo  pais,  sin  perjucio 
de  lo  que  dispongan  los  estatutos  y  reglamentos  sobre  la  admisidn 
de  nuevos  socios. 


404    OFICINA  TNTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

D^cimo.  El  Sefior  Presidente  nombr6  una  comisidn  compuesta  de 
los  Senores  Corea  y  MejI a  para  poner  eh  manos  del  Excelentfsimo 
Seflor  Elihu  Root  su  nombramiento  de  presidente  honorario. 

Und6cimo.  Se  acord6,  d  moci6n  del  Sefior  Andeb86n,  la  organiza- 
ci6n  de  un  comity  permanente  de  la  sociedad  en  W&shington,  y  que 
lo  f ormasen  los  Sefiores  Creel,  Buchanan  y  los  cinco  Ministros  de  las 
Reptiblicas  de  Centro  America  residentes  en  esta  ciudad. 

Duodecimo.  A.  moci6n  del  Sefior  Batres  Jauregui,  se  di6  un  veto 
de  gracias  al  Sefior  Creel  por  su  generoso  interns  y  stis  benefices 
esfuerzos  en  favor  de  Centro  America. 

D^cimotercio.  A  moci6n  del  Sefior  Sanchez  Ooana,  se  nonibr6 
socio  activo  al  Sefior  John  Barrett. 

D6cimocuarto.     A  moci&n  del  Sefior  CBEEL,senombr6  socio  Hono- 
rario al  Sefior  Andrew  Carnegie. 
Se  levant6  la  sesi6n  k  la  1.30  p.  m. 

Enrique  C.  Creel, 

Presidenie. 
3os&  Madriz, 

Secretario. 

ESTATT7TOS  DE  LA  FBATERNIDAD  CENTBOAMERICANA. 
DEL   NOMBRE   Y   OBJETO   DE   LA    SOCIEDAD. 

ABTfcuLO  1.  El  nombre  de  la  sociedad  es  "Fratemidad  Centro- 
americana.'' 

Art.  2.  Su  objeto  es  de  cardcter  social  y  cientlfico  y  tendr&  como 
fin  i)rincipal  de  sus  labores,  procurar  la  paz,  la  armonla  y  el  progreso 
de  Centro  America;  estrechar  sus  relaciones  con  Mexico,  los  Estados 
Unidos  de  America  y  otros  palses;  y,  en  general,  hacer  la  propaganda 
de  los  principios  consignados  en  las  convenciones  de  la  Conferencia 
de  Paz  Centroamericana  de  Washington. 

DEL  REGIMEN  DE  LA  SOCIEDAD. 

Art.  3.  Habrfi,  una  junta  directiva  6  delegaci6n  en  cada  una  de 
las  capitales  de  los  paises  siguientes:  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Hon- 
duras, Nicaragua,  el  Salvador,  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America  y 
Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos. 

El  gobi(»rno,  la  direccion  y  la  administraci6n  de  la  sociedad  corres- 
pondon  a  dichas  delegaciones  6  juntas  directivas,  electas  separada- 
inonte  en  sus  respectivos  paises,  en  votaci6n  secreta,  y  compuestas 
do  sioto  vocalos  cada  una.  ftstos  durardn  tres  aflos  en  el  ejercicio 
de  sus  funciones,  y  elegirdn,  de  entro  ellos  mismos,  inmediatament« 
despufe  do  su  nombramiento,  presidente,  vicepresidente,  tesorero  y 
secretario. 

Art.  4.  Cada  junta  directiva  se  ocupard  en  hacer  la  propaganda 
en  su  propio  pais  y  con  ese  ob)eto  pioTXiOYer^  reuniones  sociaies,  dar4 


FRATEBNIDAD   CENTBOAMEBICANA.  405 

conferencias,  har&  publicaciones  y  cumplird  todas  las  funciones  que 
le  sefialen  el  acta  constitutiva,  los  estatutos  y  reglamentos  interiores. 

Art.  5.  Los  miembros  de  las  juntas  directivas  continuardn  con 
este  car&cter,  aun  despu^s  del  plazo  de  tres  afios  si  no  han  sido  susti- 
tufdos  por  nueva  elecci6n  de  otras  personas. 

Art.  6.  Si  ocurrieren  vacantes  en  alguna  de  las  juntas  directivas, 
&ta  las  llenar&  eligiendo,  de  entre  los  socios,  nuevos  miembros  que 
desempefkarfin  sus  funciones  hasta  la  pr6xima  asamblea  ordinaria. 

Art.  7.  El  quorum  de  la  junta  directiva  6  delegaci6n  lo  formar&n 
cinco  vocales. 

Art.  8.  La  jimta  directiva  establecida  en  M6xico,  Distrito  Federal, 
tendrd  adem&s  el  car&cter  de  junta  central  ejecutiva  y  estard  6,  su 
cargo  la  direccidn  general  de  todos  los  asuntos  de  la  Fratemidad  Cen- 
troamericana. 

Art.  9.  Las  juntas  directivas  celebrardn  sesi6n  cad  a  tres  meses  y 
siempre  que  lo  acuerde  su  Presidente,  y  convocarfin  &  una  asamblea 
ordinaria  ima  vez  al  aflo,  por  lo  menos,  asf  como  &  asambleas  extra- 
ordinarias  en  el  caso  del  artlculo  10. 

Art.  10.  Cuando  la  mayoria  de  los  presidentes  de  las  jimtas  direc- 
tivas se  ponga  de  acuerdo,  6  cuando  el  presidente  vitalicio  resuelva, 
acerca  de  la  celebraci6n  de  ima  asamblea  extraordinaria,  la  jimta 
central  ejecutiva  publicarA  la  convocatoria,  anunciando  la  fecha, 
lugar  y  hora  de  la  reunidn,  sin  perjuicio  de  la  publicaci6n  corres- 
pondiente  que  haga  la  junta  directiva  de  cada  pals. 

Art.  11.  Las  juntas  directivas  informardn  periddicamente  &  la 
junta  central  ejecutiva,  del  resultado  de  sus  gestiones  y  de  los  nom- 
bres  y  residencias  de  los  nuevos  socios;  remitirdn  las  publicaciones 
oficiales  y  particulares  que  sean  de  interns  para  la  sociedad,  y,  en 
general,  le  smninistrardn  todas  aquellas  noticias  que  puedan  utilizarse 
para  dar  &  conocer  la  riqueza  natural  de  Centro  Am6rica,  su  progreso 
material  y  su  movimiento  intelectual. 

DEL    presidente   Y    VICEPRESIDENTE. 

Art.  12.  El  presidente  6,  en  su  defecto,  el  vicepresidente  de  la  dele- 
gaci6n  presidirA  las  sesiones  de  la  junta  directiva  y  las  asambleas 
ordinarias  de  la  sociedad,  excepto  cuando  el  presidente  vitalicio  6  su 
delegado  estuviere  presente.  En  ausencia  de  dichos  funcionarios,  los 
miembros  presentes  designardn  un  presidente  provisional. 

Art.  13.  El  Presidente  dirigirfi,  las  discusiones  de  la  Junta  Directiva 
y  de  las  asambleas  ordinarias,  procurando  la  mejor  armonia  entre 
los  vocales  y  socios,  y  harfi,  efectivas  las  prescripciones  del  regla- 
mento. 

En  general,  el  Presidente  tendrfi,  la  representaci6n  legal  y  genuina 
de  la  sociedad  y,  junto  con  el  Secretario,  firmard  la  correspondencia 
y  todos  los  documentos  oficiales. 


406    OFICINA  INTEBNAGIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBUCAS  AMEBIGAKA8. 

DEL   TESORERO. 

Art.  14.  Son  atribuciones  del  Tesorero: 

(a)  Recoger  todas  las  sumas  que  deban  entrar  en  la  caja  de  la  so- 
ciedad,  custodiar  6stas  y  pagar  las  cuentas  sancionadas  por  la  Junta 
Directiva  y  aprobadas  por  el  Presidente  con  su  visto  bueno. 

(b)  Uevar  un  registro  de  los  socios. 

(c)  Llevar  los  libros  necesarios  y  consignar  en  ellos  las  cuentas  en 
debida  forma. 

(d)  Presentar  d  la  Junta  Directiva,  en  su  sesi6n  ordinaria,  un  resu- 
men  del  est  ado  del  tesoro. 

(e)  Presentar  k  la  asamblea  ordinaria  una  memoria  detallada  del 
movimiento  de  f ondos  y  situaci6n  financiera  de  la  delegaci6n. 

(f)  Entregar  k  su  sucesor,  &  la  conclusi6n  de  su  cargo,  los  fondos, 
libros,  papeles,  documentos,  comprobantes  y  cualquiera  otra  propie- 
dad  de  la  sociedad,  que  est^n  en  su  poder. 

DEL   SECRETARIO. 

Art.  15.  A1  Secretario  le  corresponde: 

(a)  Redactar  y  firmar  las  actas  de  las  sesiones  de  la  Junta  Directiva 
y  de  la  asamblea  ordinaria,  las  que  serdn  firmadas  tambi6n  por  el 
Presidente. 

(b)  Conservar  en  debida  forma,  para  est^  efecto,  los  libros  corres- 
pondientes. 

(c)  Custodiar  los  archivos  y  llevar  la  correspondencia. 

(d)  Citar  para  las  sesiones  de  la  Junta  Directiva  y  para  las  asam- 
bleas  ordinarias  y  extraordinarias. 

(e)  Llevar  un  registro  de  los  socios. 

(f)  Suministrar  al  tesorero  los  nombres  de  los  miembros  electos  y 
todos  los  (latos  que  puedan  servirle  para  la  preparaci6n  de  sus  cuentas. 

(7)  Conservar  y  fijar  el  sello  de  la  sociedad. 

(h)  Exaininar,  con  dos  miembros  de  la  junta  directiva,  las  cuentas 
de  la  tersoria  cada  seis  meses,  6  con  m&s  frecuencia  si  aqu6lla  lo 
creyere  (jonvonientc. 

(0  Entregar  a  su  sucesor,  k  la  conclusi6n  de  su  cargo,  todos  los 
libros,  ])apeles,  documentos  y  cualquier  otro  objeto  de  la  sociedad 
que  est6n  en  su  poder. 

DE    LOS    socios. 

AiiT.  16.  Los  socios  son  activos  y  honorarios.  Los  socios  activos 
])a<j:aran  una  cuota  luensual  de  50  centavos  oro  americano  4  la  tesoreria 
do  la  junta  directiva  del  pais  d<mde  residan.  Los  honorarios  estar4n 
libros  de  este  gravamen. 

Art.  17.  Los  socios  activos  que  no  pagaren  sus  cuotas  durante 
tros  meses  consecutivos  dejardn  de  pertenecer  &  la  sociedad. 


FRATERNIDAD   CENTROAMERICANA.  407 

Art.  18.  Los  socios  activos  y  honorarios  pueden  ser  de  cualquiera 
nacionalidad  y  tienen  los  mismos  derechos  de  voz  y  voto  en  las 
asambleas  ordinarias  y  extraordinarias. 

Art.  19.  En  las  sesiones  de  una  junta  directiva  6  delegacidn,  & 
moci6n  de  cualquiera  de  los  vocales,  podrdn  admitirse  nuevos  socios, 
siempre  que  asf  lo  acuerde  la  mayorla  en  votaci6n  secreta.  En  las 
asambleas  ordinarias  y  extraordinarias,  la  elecci6n  de  nuevos  socios 
activos  se  har&  por  mayoria  y  en  la  misma  forma,  &  moci6n  de 
cualquiera  de  los  socios. 

Art.  20.  Tanto  los  socios  activos  como  los  honorarios  tendr&n  la 
obligaci6n  de  hacer  la  propaganda  del  programa  y  principios  de  la 
sociedad. 

Art.  21.  Los  socios  deber&n  concurrir  &  las  asambleas  ordinarias 
y  extraordinarias,  y,  de  tiempo  en  tiempo,  procurar  reuniones  sociales 
para  conservar  vivo  y  levantado  y  el  esplritu  de  esta  asociaci6n. 

Art.  22.  A  moci6n  de  cualquiera  Junta  Directiva  6  Asamblea  Ge- 
neral, la  Junta  Central  Ejecutiva  podrfi,  nombrar  socios  honorarios  & 
las  personas  que  se  hayan  distinguido  en  su  carrera  ptibUca  6  privada 
y  que  puedan  darle  brillo  &  la  Sociedad. 

Art.  23.  Cada  socio  deberd  inmediatamente  comunicar  por  escrito 
al  Secretario  el  cambio  que  ocurra  en  su  domicilio  6  direcci6n.    - 

Art.  24.  A  cada  socio  se  le  enviard  una  copia  de  estos  Estatutos, 
al  comunic4rsele  por  escrito  su  nombramiento. 

Art.  25.  Los  socios  tienen  derecho  &  un  distintivo  que  Uevard  el 
siguiente  lema  ^'Fratemidad  Centroamericana.'*  La  entrega  del 
distintivo  se  hard  junto  con  un  diploma  cuyo  texto  acordard  la  Jimta 
Central  Ejecutiva. 

•  Art.  26.  Los  socios  tendrdn  &  honra  portar  su  condecoraci6n  en 
los  actos  ptiblicos;  y  &  diario  podrdn  usar  un  bot6n  azul  y  bianco, 
como  sfmbolo  de  la  bandera  de  la  antigua  Federaci6n  Centroameri- 
cana. 

DE  LAS  ASAMBLEAS  GENERALES. 

Art.  27.  Las  Asambleas  Ordinarias  se  verificardn  una  vez  al  aiio 
por  lo  menos:  la  primera  el  1°  de  abril  de  1908,  y  las  posteriores  en 
la  prima  quincena  del  mes  de  enero  de  cada  afio.  Las  demds  que  se 
convoquen,  se  reunir&n  en  la  fecha  que  designen  las  Juntas  Directivas. 

Art.  28.  Las  Asambleas  Extraordinarias  tendrdn  lugar  cada  vez 
cjue  por  mayoria  lo  acuerden  los  Presidentes  de  las  siete  Juntas 
Directivas,  6  cuando  las  convoque  el  Presidente  VitaUcio. 

"Art.  29.  En  las  Asambleas  cada  socio  tendrd  im  voto  y  los  acuer- 
dos  se  tomar&n  por  mayoria. 

Art.  30.  Las  Asambleas  Ordinarias  serdn  prcsididas  por  el  Presi- 
dente de  la  Junta  Directiva,  y  las  Extraordinarias  por  el  Presidente 
Vitalicio,  y  en  su  ausencia,  por  la  persona  k  quien  delegue  esa  f  acultad. 


408    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEP^BUGAS  AMEBICANAS. 

Art.  31.  En  las  Asambleas  Generales,  el  Presidente  nombrari,  con 
la  aprobaci6n  de  la  Asamblea,  un  Secretario  y  un  Prosecretario. 

Art.  32.  En  las  Asambleas  Ordinarias  y  Extraordinarias,  se  dard 
lectura  &  los  inf ormes  que  se  hayan  recibido  de  las  Juntas  Direct! vas : 
al  que,  en  su  caso,  produzca  la  Junta  Central  Ejecutiva,  y  &  las  inicia- 
tivas  que  presenten  los  socios. 

Tambien  se  leerdn  por  sus  autores,  6  por  los  Secretaries,  las  produc- 
ciones  literarias  6  cientlficas  que  los  socios  dediquen  al  brillo  y  luci- 
miento  de  esas  sesiones. 

Art.  33.  Las  Actas  de  las  Asambleas  Generales  se  firmar&n  por  su 
Presidente  y  Secretarios,  y  se  publicardn  en  el  Anuario  de  la  Fratemi- 
dad  Centroamericana. 

DEL   PRESroENTE   VITALIOIO. 

Art.  34.  Es  Presidente  Vitalicio  de  la  Fratemidad  Centroamericana, 
por  el  voto  undnime  de  los  fundadores,  el  Seflor  Don  Ekbique  C. 
Creel. 

Art.  35.  Son  atribuciones  del  Presidente  Vitalicio: 

(a)  Ser  Presidente  nato  de  toda  Jimta  Directiva  y  de  toda  Asamblea 
Ordinaria  6  Extraordinaria  en  que  estuviere  presente. 

(6)  Delegar  su  representaci6n  como  Presidente,  en  cualquier  miem- 
bro  de  la  Sociedad. 

(c)  Nombrar  Delegados  parp,  el  desempeflo  de  comisiones  especiales 
en  todos  los  paises  donde  se  halle  establecida  la  Fratemidad  Centro- 
americana. 

(d)  Dictar  toda  disposici6n  de  car&cter  general,  que  tienda  &  la  mejor 
organizaci6n,  mantenimiento  y  progreso  de  la  Sociedad. 

DISPOSICIONES    GENERALES. 

Art.  36.  La  Junta  Central  Ejecutiva  publicarA  un  Anuario  en  que 
consignard  las  labores  de  cada  Delegaci6n  y  los  acontecimientos  que 
de  alguna  manera  est^n  vinculados  &  la  Sociedad. 

Art.  37.  Los  Estatutos  podr&n  ser  reformados  en  cualquiera 
Asamblea  Extraordinaria,  por  el  voto  de  las  dos  terceras  partes. 

Art.  38.  Cada  Junta  Directiva  formarA  su  Reglamento  interior  y 
podra  reformarlo  cuando  lo  estime  conveniente. 

Art.  3i).  Por  recomendaci6n  de  cualquiera  Asamblea  Ordinaria  6 
Extraordinaria,  la  Junta  Central  Ejecutiva  podrA  acordar  medallas  y 
condecoraciones  d  las  pcrsonas  que  se  liayan  distinguido  por  sus 
buonos  sorvicios  k  la  Fratemidad  Centroamericana. 

Art.  40.  A  solicitud  de  diez  socios  radicados  en  otros  paises,  se 
podrdn  crear  por  la  Junta  Directiva  k  la  que  aqufiUos  hagan  su  mani- 
fest acion,  niievas  dclogaciones,  las  cuales  deberfin  funcionar  de  con- 
forinidnd  con  o\  acta  Constitutiva  y  ^stos  Estatutos;  y,  adem&s,  de 
acuerdo  con  su  propio  lleglamento  mt^rvor. 


PBmSB   OONOBESO   OIENTIfIOO   PAN-AMERIOANO.  409 

Aprobados  en  la  sesi6n  del  21  de  diciembre  de  1907,  celebrada  en 
la  ciudad  de  Washington  por  los  socios  fundadores  y  en  la  sesi6n  del 
13  de  enero  de  1908,  celebrada  por  el  Comit6  Permanente  de  la 
Sociedad. 

Enrique  C.  Creel, 

Presidente, 
Jose  Madriz, 

Secretari  . 

PRESIDENTE   VITALICIO  DE   LA   PRATERNmAD   CENTRO AMERICANA. 

Excmo.  Seflor  Don  Enrique  C.  Creel,  Embajador  Extraordinario 
y  Plenipotenciario  de  los  Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos. 

PRESIDENTES    HONORARIOS. 

Excmo.  Sefior  Elihu  Root,  Secretario  de  Estado  de  los  Estados 
Unidos  de  America. 

Excmo.  Sefior  Don  Ionaoio  Mariscal,  Secretario  de  Estado  de  los 
Estados  Unidos  Mexicanos. 

SOCIOS  HONORARIOS  DE  LA  FRATERNIDAD  CENTRO  AMERICAN  A. 

Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  de  los  Estados  Unidos;  Hon.  William  I. 
Buchanan,  de  los  Estados  Unidos;  Don  Jose  D.  Gamez,  de  Nicara- 
gua; Lie.  Don  Juan  Barrios  M.,  de  Guatemala;  Gral.  Don  Dionisio 
Gutierrez,  de  Honduras;  Lie.  Don  Jose  Astua  Aguilar,  de  Costa 
Rica;  Dr.  Don  Manuel  E.  Araujo,  del  Salvador. 

socios  fundadores  de  la  FRATERNIDAD  CENTROAMERICANA. 

Excmo.  Sr.  Embajador  Don  Enrique  C.  Creel,  de  M6xico;  Hon. 
William  L.Buchanan,  de  los  Estades  Unidos;  Dr.  Don  Luis  Ander- 
son, de  Costa  Rica;  Don  Joaquin  Bernardo  Calvo,  de  Costa  Rica; 
Lie.  Don  Antonio  Batres  Jauregui,  de  Guatemala;  Don  VfcTOR 
Sanchez  Ocana,  de  Guatemala;  Dr.  Don  Luis  Toledo  Herrarte,  de 
Guatemala;  Dr.  Don  Policarpo  Bonilla,  de  Honduras;  Don  E.  Cons- 
tantino FiALLos,  de  Honduras;  Dr.  Don  Angel  Ugarte,  de  Hon- 
duras; Dr.  Don  Jose  Madriz,  de  Nicaragua;  Dr.  Don  Luis  Felipe 
CoREA,  de  Nicaragua;  Dr.  Don  Salvador  Gallegos,  del  Salvador; 
Don  Federico  MejIa,  del  Salvador;  Dr.  Don  Salvador  Rodriguez 
G.,  del  Salvador. 

PRIMER  CONGRESO  CIENTlFICO  PAN-AMERICANO. 

La  Comisi6n  Directiva  del  Cuarto  Congreso  Cientifico  Latino- 
Americano  (Primer  Congreso  Cientifico  Pan-Americano)  ha  anunciado 
las  comisiones  de  propaganda  nombradas  i)ara  cada  una  de  las  Repti- 
blicas  Americanas. 

La  comisidn  de  los  Estados  Unidos  se  compone  del  Profesor  Leo 
S.  RowB,  de  la  Universidad  de  Pennsylvania;  Profesor  William: 


410    OYlCiyA  IXTEBNACIOKAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICA8  AMEBICAKA8. 

R.  Shepherd,  de  la  Universidad  de  Colombia;  William  Herbebt 
HoBBS,  de  Michigan;  John  Barrett,  Director  de  la  Oficina  Inter- 
nacional  de  las  Reptjblicas  Americanas;  Albert  Shaw,  de  Nueva 
York;  William  Morris  Davis  y  Charles  Sabgent,  de  Massachu- 
setts; representantes  de  las  Universidades  de  California,  Chicago, 
Columbia,  Cornell,  George  Washington,  Harvard,  Illinois,  Johns 
Hopkins,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Pennsylvania,  Princeton,  Texas, 
Wisc<jnsin  y  Yale. 

Las  leases  y  programa  del  Congreso  son  los  siguientes: 

Bases  y  programa  del  Cuarto  Congreso  Cientifico  Latino-Americano 
(Primer  Congreso  Cientifico  Pan- Americano)  que  se  reunir&  en  San- 
tiago el  (lia  1"  de  diciembre  de  1908. 

Articulo  1".  Con  arreglo  d  lo  resuelto  por  el  Tercer  Congreso 
Cientifico  Latino-Americano  de  Rio  de  Janeiro,  se  reunir&  en  la 
ciudad  de  Santiago,  })ajo  los  auspicios  del  Gobiemo  de  Chile,  el  Cuarto 
Congreso  Cientifico  Latino-Americano  (Primer  Congreso  Cientifico 
Pan-Americano),  on  el  mes  de  diciembre  de  1908. 

Su  inauguracion  se  verificarfi,  el  dia  1**  de  dicho  mes  de  diciembre 
y  su  clausura  diez  dias  despu^s. 

Art.  2".  Los  trabajos  de  organizacion  y  funcionamiento  del 
Cuarto  Congreso  quedan  a  cargo  de  una  comisi6n  directiva,  com- 
])uesta:  1'*  de  los  miembros  nombrados  por  el  Tercer  Congreso,  en 
asainhlea  i)lona  de  10  de  agosto  de  1905;  2®  de  los  miembros  elegidos 
])or  la  in  ism  a  coniisi6n. 

Art.  IV\  La  comision  directiva  elegir^,  la  mesa  que  ha  de  presidir 
sus  trabajos,  la  cual  se  compondr^,  de  un  presidente,  dos  vicepresi- 
(l(»nt(vs,  un  secrotario  general,  uno  6  dos  prosecretarios,  un  tesorero  y 
un  vic;e tesorero. 

Hahra,  asiniismo,  los  int^rpretes,  oficiales  de  secretarfa  y  dem&s 
enipleados  que  se  juzguen  necesarios. 

La  niencionada  coniisi6n  nombrard  los  presidentes  honorarios  que 
tenga   a   hien. 

AuT.  4".  La  comision  directiva  se  subdividird  en  subcomisi6nes, 
cada  una  do  las  cualos  se  compondrd  de  un  presidente  y  dos  vocales 
nombrados  por  ella. 

Art.  f)'\  Son  atribuciones  do  la  Comisi6n  Directiva: 

1".  Llevar  a  efocto  la  realizacion  del  Cuarto  Congreso  y  repre- 
sent arlo  ante  el  (lobiorno  de  Chile  y  ante  las  Universidades  y  dem4s 
corporaciones  ciontiiicas,  nacionales  6  extranjeras; 

2".  Nonibrar  en  las  oapitah^s  do  los  Estados  americanos  Comisiones 
<Mi('arga<h\s  de  coadyuvar  a  la  realizacion  del  Congreso,  de  formar 
la  list  a  de  personas  a  (iuienes  haya  de  invitarse  k  tomar  parte  en 
sus  trabajos,  de  procurar  la  adecuada  represent aci6n  de  sus  respeo- 
tivos  pafses  y  de  indicar  las  cuestiones  (pie,  por  su  manifiesto  interfe 
aniericano,  hay  an  de  ser  sometidas  al  Congreso. 


FRUOCR   0ONOBE80   OIENtIfIOO  PAK-AMEBIOANO.  411 

3®.  Acordar  los  gastos  y  aprobar  las  cuentas  antes  de  ser  pre- 
sesentadas  al  Tribunal  respective; 

4®.  Organizar  el  cuestionario  definitive,  de  acuerdo  con  los  trar 
bajos  presentados  por  las  Sub-Comisiones; 

5®.  Formar  la  n6mina  de  los  miembros  del  Congreso,  en  con- 
fonnidad  con  lo  dispuesto  en  el  artfculo  10; 

6**.  Nombrar  los  relatores  que  sean  necesarios  para  exponer,  ante 
las  respectivas  Secciones,  el  estado  de  la  cuesti6n  en  los  temas  oficiales 
que  considere  de  especial  interfe. 

Art.  6**.  Elegida  que  sea  la  Mesa  Directiva  del  Congreso,  la  Comisi6n 
suspenderd  el  ejercicio  de  sus  funciones,  para  reasumirlas  cuando  el 
C!ongreso  haya  sido  clausurado.  TomarA,  entonces,  k  su  cargo  la 
publicaci6n  de  los  trabajos  presentados  y  enviard  poderes  suficientes 
&  los  miembros  de  la  nueva  Comisi6n  que  se  nombre  para  organizar 
el  Quinto  Congreso  Cientlfico  Americano. 

Art.  7**.  Las  Sub-Comisiones  d  que  se  refiere  el  articulo  4^.  corre- 
sponder&n  &  otras  tantas  Secciones  del  Congreso,  y  serto  las  siguientes: 

1\  De  matem&ticas  puras  y  aplicadas; 

2*.  De  ciencias  ffsicas; 

3*.  De  ciencias  natu  rales  y  antropoldgicas; 

4*.  De  ingenieria; 

5'.  De  ciencias  m^dicas  6  higiene; 

6*.  De  ciencias  jurldicas; 

7*.  De  ciencias  sociales; 

8*.  De  ciencias  pedag6gicas  y  filosofla; 

9*.  De  agronomfa  y  zootecnia. 

Cada  una  de  estas  subcomisiones  podr&  subdividirse  en  dos  6  m&s, 
cuando  lo  juzgiie  necesario.  Asimismo,  podr&n  dos  6  mfis  de  ellas 
reunirse  en  una  sola. 

Art.  8**.  A  cada  una  de  las  subcomisiones  incumbe: 

1**.  Organizar  el  cuestionario  de  la  respectiva  secci6n; 

2**.  Formar  la  n6mina  de  los  miembros  de  la  misma; 

3®.  Recibir  y  clasificar  los  informes,  estudios  y  comunicaciones  que 
se  envien  &  la  seccion  y  designar  el  relator  que  deba  dar  cuenta  al 
congreso  de  las  conclusiones  adoptadas  por  ella; 

4**.  Cuidar  de  que  se  d6  cuenta  de  los  trabajos  que  se  la  envien  y 
que  no  hayan  de  ser  leidos  por  sus  au tores; 

5**.  Instalar  la  respectiva  seccion; 

6®.  Recibir  de  la  seccion  correspondiente  los  trabajos  y  ordenarlos 
para  su  publicaci6n. 

Art.  9**.  El  congreso  se  reunird  dentro  de  los  tres  dias  anteriores 
al  de  su  inaugyracion,  d  fin  de  aprobar  su  reglamento  interior  y 
elegir  la  mesa  definitiva. 

En  estas  reuniones  preparatories  funcionard  la  mesa  de  la  comisi6n 
directiva. 

Art.  10.  Serdn  considerados  miembros  del  cotv^i^§,o\ 


412    OFICINA  INTERNAOIONAL  DE  LAS  BEP^BLIOAS  AMEBI0ANA8. 

1°.  Los  delegados  oficiales  de  los  paises  que  concurran; 

2^.  Los  delegados  de  las  universidades,  institutos,  sociedades  y 
centros  cientlficos,  tanto  nacionales  come  de  otros  paises  de  la 
America; 

3°.  Las  personas  que  concurrieren  al  congreso  invitadas  por  la 
comision  directiva,  &  propuesta  de  las  respectivas  subcomisiones 
6  de  las  comisiones  de  los  diversos  paises; 

4**.  Los  a^lherentes  al  congreso  que  contribuyan  con  la  cuota  de 
una  libra  esterlina  (£1)  y  sean  aceptados  por  la  comisi6n  directiva. 

Art.  11.  Todos  los  miembros  del  congreso  tendr4n  derecho  &  con- 
currir  &  las  sesiones,  6,  tomar  parte  en  los  debates  y  &  un  ejemplar 
de  las  publicaciones  que  se  hicieren  por  la  coniisi6n  directiva. 

Art.  12.  El  pago  de  la  cuota  &  que  se  refiere  el  n6mero  4**  del  arti- 
culo  10,  se  hard  efectivo  al  Tesorero  de  la  Comisidn  Directiva,  previa 
nota  de  la  Secretaria  General  6  de  las  respectivas  subcomisiones  y 
antes  de  expedirse  la  respectiva  tarjeta  de  incorporaci6n. 

Art.  13.  De  las  sesiones  plenas  que  celebre  el  Congreso  ser&n 
solemnes  las  de  su  inauguraci6n  y  clausura. 

Las  subcomisiones  celebrardn,  por  separado,  las  reuniones  que  cre- 
yeren  necesarias  para  la  discusi6n  de  los  asimtos  &  ellas  sometidos. 

Art.  14.  Podrdn  ser  nombrados  miembros  honorarios  del  cuarto 
Congreso  los  americanos  de  notoriedad  cientifica  que  para  esta  dis- 
tinci6n  sean  propuestos  por  la  Comisi6n  Directiva. 

Art.  15.  Los  trabajos  para  el  Congreso  ser&n  recibidos  hasta  el 
dla  30  de  septiembre  de  1908. 

Los  autores  que  no  hayan  alcanzado  &  enviar  oportunamente 
sus  trabajos,  deberdn  remitir  &  la  Secretaria  Greneral  el  titulo  de  los 
mismos  dentro  del  t6rmino  fijado. 

Art.  16.  Cada  subcomisi6n  se&alard,  oportunamente,  los  puntos, 
instituciones  6  establecimientos  especiales  en  que  hayan  de  veri- 
ficarse  las  visitas  y  excursiones  que  deban  hacer  los  miembros  del 
Congreso,  6  indicard,  los  medios  de  realizarlas. 

La  Comisi6n  Directiva. 

En  relaci6n  con  el  programa  6,  continuaci6n  se  publica  ima  carta 
del  Presidente  de  la  Comisi6n  Directiva  dirigida  al  Profesor  Rowe: 

[Traduccitfn.] 

Santiago,  Chile,  jvlio  S  de  1907. 

^'SenorL.  S.  Rowe, 

^^  Presidente  de  la  Acadewia  Americana  de  Ciencias  Politicas 
y  Sociales,  y  Catedrdtico  de  Ciencias  Political  de  la  Uni- 
versidad  de  Pensilvania, 

^'MuY  SENOR  Mio:  Tengc)  el  honor  de  informarle  que  la  Comisi6n 
Directiva  del  Cuarto  Congreso  Cientifico   (Primer  Congreso  Cientf- 
£co  Pa/i-Ajnoricano),  en  una  sesion  que  celebr6  ayer,  adopt6  un4ni- 
memento  la  si^uiente  resoluci6n: 


FBDCXB   OONGBESO   OIENTfFIOO   PAN- AMERICANO.  413 

" '  Se  resuelve  que  en  vista  del  car&cter  pan-americano  del  Cuarto 
Congreso  Clentlfico  que  se  ha  de  reunir  en  Santiago,  Chile,  el  1**  de 
diciembre  de  1908,  la  Comisi6n  Directiva  suplica  respetuosamente 
al  Sefior  L.  S.  Rowe,  Presidente  de  la  Academia  Americana  de  Ciencias 
Polfticas  y  Sociales,  y  Catedrdtico  de  Ciencia  Politica  de  la  Univer- 
sidad  de  Pensilvania,  que  celebre  una  conferencia  con  el  Consejo 
Directivo  de  la  Oficina  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas  y  con  el  Director 
de  la  Oficina,  con  el  fin  de  determinar  hasta  qu6  grado  puede  el  Cuarto 
Congreso  Cientffico  facilitar  los  trabajos  de  la  Cuarta  Conferencia 
Pan- Americana  que  se  celebrard  en  1910. 

'*'Adem&s,lacomisi6n  suplica  al  SeflorRowE  que  tengaima  enter- 
vista  con  las  autoridades  de  las  imiversidades  de  los  Estados  Unidos, 
&  fin  de  obtener  su  cooperaci6n  en  los  trabajos  del  Primer  Congreso 
Cientffico  Pan-Americano  (Cuarto  Congreso  Cientlfico).' 

"Firmada  por  la  Comisi6n  Directiva. 

"VALENXfN  LeTELIER, 

'^  Presidente. 
"Manuel  Ejido  Ballesteros, 

"  Vice-Presidente. 
"Eduardo  Poirier. 

^'Secretario  Oeneral. 
"AuGusTO  Vicuna  S., 

"  Sulh-Secretario. 
"Alejandro  Alvarez. 
"Diego  Barros  Arana. 
"Alejandro  Beltran. 
"Miguel  Cruchaga. 
"Lufs  EsPEJo. 
"Jose  tlAM6N  Gutierrez. 
"Anselmo  Hevia  Riquelme. 
"Vicente  Izquierdo. 
"OcTAvio  Maira. 
"Marcial  MartInez. 
"Domingo  V.  Santa  MarIa. 
"Miguel  Varas. 

"La  Comisi6n  Directiva  del  Congreso  tiene  plena  conciencia  de  la 
*  eficaz  cooperaci6n  que  usted  puede  prestar,  estando  inspirado,  como 
cfoctivamente  lo  est&,  por  los  m^  levantados  ideales  de  fratemidad 
entre  los  palses  del  Continente  Americano. 

"Su  cooperaci6n  constituye  para  la  Comisi6n  una  garantfa  de  que 
se  har&  todo  cuanto  sea  posible  por  despertar  interns  en  los  Estados 
Unidos  en  los  trabajos  del  Congreso,  contribuyendo  asi  grandemente 
hacia  el  6idto  de  sus  labores.  Es tamos  convencidos  de  que  esta 
cooperaci6n  ha  de  significar  un  paso  hacia  adelante  en  la  soluci6n  de 


414    OiriCINA  INTEBNAOIOKAL  BB  LAS  BEF^BLIOAS  AXSBIOANAS. 

los  importantes  problemas  que  tanto  interesan  &  tpdos  los  paises  de 
America,  y  que  fortalecer&  los  yfnculos  de  amistad  que  entre  ellos 
existen. 

''Ruego  &  usted  acepte  las  seguridades  de  mi  m&s  distinguida 
coiisideraci6n,  y 

"Quedo  de  usted  muy  sinceramente; 

("Finnado).  VALENrfN  Letelier, 

^^  Presidente, 
"Eduardo  Poirier, 

^'Secretario  OeneraL'* 


VIAJE  DE  LA  ESCUADRA  DE  LOS  ESTADOS  UNIDOS 
DE  RlO  JANEIRO  AL  CALLAO. 

Despu6s  de  una  estancia  de  nueve  dlas  en  Rio  de  Janeiro,  la  Armada 
de  los  Estados  Unidos,  al  mando  del  Almirante  R.  D.  Evans,  pas6  en 
gran  parada  ante  el  Presidente  Penna,  y  el  22  de  enero  de  1908  fu6 
escoltada  hasta  fuera  de  la  bahia  por  los  buques  de  guerra  brasilefiios,  y 
despu^s  de  ser  objeto  de  entusi&sticas  manifestaciones  de  cordialidad 
intemacional  por  parte  del  pueblo  y  de.  las  autoridades  brasilefias,  y 
terminado  ya  el  canje  de  los  tiltimos  saludos  de  rtibrica,  la  Armada 
sali6  hacia  el  Estrecho  de  Magallanes  para  hacer  su  pr6xima  escala  en 
Punta  Arenas.  Cuatro  dfas  despues,  es  decir,  el  26  por  la  mafiana,  la 
Armada  se  puso  en  comunicaci6n  por  el  tel^afo  sin  hilos  con  el 
escuadr6n  argentine  al  mando  del  Almirante  Hip6Lrro  Oliva,  que  fu6 
enviado  por  el  Presidente  Figueroa  Alcorta  como  una  cortesla 
especial  &  fin  de  que  encontrase  y  escoltase  la  Armada  de  los  Estados 
Unidos  en  alta  mar.  Luego  &  la  Armada  se  uni6  el  escuadr6n  del 
Almirante  Oliva  y  la  escolt6  durante  la  noche  y  una  parte  del  pr6ximo 
dla.  Hubo  un  canje  de  corteslas  y  saludos.  Al salir  el  27  de  enero, el 
escuadr6n  argentino  pas6  dos  veces  alrededor  de  la  Armada  de  los 
Estados  Unidos,  y  entonces  se  alej6  llevando  consigo  las  gracias 
del  Almirante  Evans  al  Gobiemo  Argentino  por  esta  cordiallsima 
bienvenida  y  los  buenos  deseos  manif estados  hacia  la  marina  y 
pueblo  de  los  Estados  Unidos  al  enviar  sus  buques  de  guerra  para 
oncontrar  y  saludar  la  Armada  en  alta  mar. 

Entre  tanto,  la  flotilla  de  torpederos,  al  mando  del  Teniente  . 
II.  I.  Cone,  que  sali6  de  Rio  de  Janeiro  el  21  de  enero,  lleg6  &  Buenos 
Aires  el  26,  escoltada  por  la  flotilla  argentina  que  habfa  sido  enviada 
k  encontrarla  en  alta  mar.  Pasaron  cuatro  dias  en  la  Capital  Argen- 
tina, y  durante  su  estancia  las  autoridades  y  el  pueblo  de  Buenos 
Aires  Ics  dispensaron  d  los  oficiales  y  tripulaci6n  de  la  Marina  de  loa 
Estados  toda  clasc  do  atenciones  y  corteslas.  El  Teniente  Coke  j 
sus  ayudantes  fueron  recibidos  el  27  de  enero  por  el  Presidente 


VIAJE    D£   LA    ESCUADBA    AMEBICANA.  415 

FiouEBOA  Alcobta,  el  Sr.  Estaxislao  S.  Zeballos,  Ministro  de  Rela- 
ciones  Exteriores,  el  Almirante  Onofre  Betbeder,  Ministro  de 
Marina  y  el  Greneral  Rosendo  M.  Fraga,  Ministro  de  la  Guerra. 

El  mismo  dia  el  Presidente  Fioueroa  Alcorta  le  envio  el  siguiente 
cablegrama  al  Presidente  Roosevelt: 

''Buenos  Aires,  eiiero  27  de  1908. 
''Excmo.  Sr.  Teodoro  Roosevelt, 

'^Presidente  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America, 

WdsJdn/^ton. 

"He  recibido  hoy  con  viva  simpatia  la  visita  de  los  oficiales  de  la 
flotilla  de  torpederos  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  En  testimonio  del 
respeto  y  de  la  simpatia  que  ella  inspira  al  pueblo  americano  y  d  su 
illustre  Presidente,  6,  la  vez  que  dos  divisiones  de  las  escuadras 
mayores  cambian  saludos  en  el  oc^ano  en  nombre  y  en  honor  de  las 
dos  Reptiblicas,  la  naci6n  y  las  autoridades  domuestran  k  porfia  su 
carifio  &  los  representantes  de  la  gloriosa  marina  de  la  Union.  Al 
agradecer  hondamente  k  V.  E.  el  envio  de  la  flotilla  k  Buenos  Aires, 
Tenuevo  &  V.  E.  la  expresion  de  las  prof undas  6  inalterablcs  simpatias 
de  la  RepAblica  Ai^entina  hacia  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America  y 
hada  su  illustre  mandatario.  Ilago  votos  por  la  felicidad  de  V.  E.  y 
per  el  viaje  venturoso  de  la  Escuadra  del  Pacifico. 

^'FiGUKROA  Alcorta, 
Presidente  de  In  liepuhlica  Argentina.^^ 

El  mismo  dIa,  el  Sr.  Zeballos  envi6  el  siguiente  cablegrama  al 
Secretario  Root: 
"Al  Secretario  de  Estado  Eliiiu  Root, 

"  Wdfihington. 

"He  tenido  la  honra  de  rccibir  en  mi  Despacho  a  h^s  oficiales  de 
los  torpederos  americanos.  Est  a  visita,  celebrada  con  vivas  simpa- 
tias por  el  pueblo  y  las  autoridades,  revive  los  n^cuerdos  gratisimos 
del  viaje  de  Mr.  Root  k  Sudani6rica.  La  Repflblica  Argentina  y  su 
Gk>biemo  agradecen  profundamente  a  Mr.  Root  la  sincera  amistad 
de  que  les  ha  dado  frecuentc»s  prue})as  antes  y  despues  de  aqiiel  viaje 
memorable.  Estos  nuevos  testimonios  de  cordialichid  internacional 
coinciden  con  im  hecho  economico  notable :  El  comercio  eiilre  nuestros 
dos  paises,  cuyo  crecimiento  ha  sido  y  es  motivo  de  las  preocupaciones 
constantes  de  las  dos  Cancillerias,  ascendio  en  li)()7  a  la  suma,  sin 
precedente,  hasta  ahora,  de  §40,000,000.  Que(hi  as!  asegurathi  una 
nueva  era  de  prosperidad  para  las  relaciones  do  his  dos  Kepublicas 
amigas.  Hago  votos  por  el  bienestar  de  hi  nacion  americrana,  por 
la  salud  y  facilidad  de  su  ihistro  Secretario  (k*  Esta<l<»  y  porquc 
vientos  propicios  y  mares  bonancihies   lieven   a   la    Escuadra   del 

Padfico  &  las  costas  de  la  patria. 

*'E.  wS.  Zeballos, 

'^  Ministro  de  Relaciones  Ex^erioresJ^ 


416    OFIOINA  INTBBNAOIONAL  DE  LAS  BEp6bLICA8  AKEBIOAITAS. 

Estos  mensajes  de  cortesia  y  cordialidad  intemacional,   fueron 
contestados  de  la  manera  siguiente: 

''Washington,  enero  29  de  1908. 
''A  Su  Excelencia  El  Presidente  Alcorta, 

^^  Buenos  Aires. 
''Me  ha  sido  sumamente  grato  recibir  vuestro  cordial  mensaje 
acerca  de  la  visita  de  los  torpederos,  y  me  han  conmovido  especial- 
mente  las  pruebas  de  cordialidad  y  simpatias  intemacionales  des- 
plegadas  en  el  canje  de  cortesias  navales,  y  en  la  bienvenida  que  el 
Gobierno  y  pueblo  de  vuestro  pals  le  dieron  &  nuestros  oficiales  y 
tripulaci6n.  Estas  cordiales  atenciones  tanto  cuando  se  trata  de 
naciones  como  de  individuos,  contribuyen  poderosamente  &  fortalecer 
los  vinculos  de  amistad ;  y  todo  el  pueblo  de  los  Est&dos  Unidos  desea 
vivamente  que  existan  estos  vinculos  entre  ambas  Reptiblicas. 

"Theodore  Roosevelt." 

"Washington,  enero  29  de  1908. 
"Excmo.  Sefior  Don  E.  S.  Zeballos, 

"  Ministro  de  Relaciones  Exteriores,  Buenos  Aires. 
"Vuestro  cablegrama  del  27  lleg6  &  mi  poder  con  algima  demora. 
Me  apresuro  &  asegurarle  &  V.  E.  que  este  Gobierno  y  pueblo  aprecian 
profundamente  la  cordial  recepci6n  que  se  le  hizo  &  nuestra  flotilla  de 
torpederos.  Me  place  especialmente  el  grato  recuerdo  que  V.  E. 
conserva  de  mi  visita  en  1906,  y  me  halaga  la  creencia  de  que  adem4s 
del  placer  personal  que  me  proporcion6,  ha  contribufdo  &  demostrar 
la  fntima  amistad  de  ambos  pueblos  y  k  amnentar  el  deseo  de  mantener 
relaciones  mutuamente  cordiales  y  beneficiosas.  Reitero  k  V.  E. 
las  seguridades  de  mi  mds  distinguida  consideraci6n  personal. 

"Elihu  Root, 

^^Secretario  de  Estado  de  los  Estados  Unidos.^^ 

El  30  de  enero  las  autoridades  chilenas  divisaron  la  armada  cerca 

del  Cabo  de  las  Vfrgenes,  y  el  1°  de  febrero  entr6  en  el  puerto  de 

Punta  Arenas.     El  crucero  chileno  "Chacabuco,'*  que  estaba  en  el 

puerto  para  recibir  la  armada,  llevaba  &  bordo  al  Almirante  Simpson 

do  la  Marina  Chilena,  al  Sr.  John  Hicks,  Ministro  de  los  Estados 

Unidos  en  Chile  y  d  otros  personajes.     El  Almirante  Simpson,  que 

OS  Subsecretario  de  Marina,  fu6  nombrado  en  ima  Misi6n  Especial 

por  su  Gobierno  para  dar  la  bienvenida  al  Almirante  Evans,  sus 

ayudantos  y  tri])ulaci6n,  en  representaci6n  del  Gobierno  de  Chile. 

La  flotilla  de  torpederos  que  sali6  de  Buenos  Aires  el  30  de  enero, 

llet^o  a  Punta  Arenas  el  4  de  febrero.     Tanto   la  armada  como  la 

flotilla  pornianecieron  en  dicho  puerto  hast  a  la  noche  del  7  de  febrero. 

en  (|ue  salieron  hacia  el  oeste  por  el  Estrecho  de  Magallanes,  pre- 

cedidos  del  "  Chacabuco.^'     Durante  su  estancia  en  Punta  Arenas,  hw 

'  'Iciios,  presididos  por  el  Almirante  Simpson,  les  dispensaron  A 

Tiada  J  6  la  flotilla  toda  cVaa©  de  «b\Awdonfia^  y  el  2  de  febrero 


VIAJE    DE   LA    E80UADRA    AMERICANA.  417 

dicho  almirante  di6  un  banquete  &  bordo  del  ^^Chacabuco"  &  losoficiales 
de  la  armada.  Hubo  el  canje  de  ceremonias  de  rtibrica  con  el 
"Chacabuco,"  con  el  crucero  ingles  '* Sappho'^ — que  &  la  saz6n  estaba 
en  el  puerto — j  con  los  oficiales  del  puerto.  El  Sr.  Moritz  Braun, 
Agente  Consular  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  di6  un  baile  en  honor  do  los 
visitantes,  y  el  Gobemador  Chaigneau,  del  Temtorio  de  Magallanes, 
le  di6  una  recepci6n  &  los  americanos  visitantes,  k  la  cual  concu- 
rrieron  m&s  de  400  personas. 

Despu6s  de  pasar  el  Estrecho,  la  armada  se  dirigio  hacia  el  norte, 
y  el  14.de  febrero  lleg6  6  hizo  parada  frente  t  Valpararaiso.  En  este 
lugar  se  hablan  hecho  extensos  preparativos  para  una  gran  parada 
de  la  armada. 

El  Sefior  John  Hicks,  Ministro  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  envi6  el  si- 
guiente  cablegrama  al  Departamento  de  Estado  de  los  Estados  Uni- 
dos acerca  de  este  acontecimiento : " 

**La  gran  parada  de  la  armada  americana  que  se  efectu6  esta 
tarde  ante  el  Presidente  Montt  tuvo  un  6xito  completo.  Los  buques 
de  guerra  americanos-  desfilaron  en  el  puerto  y  salieron  de  fete  pre- 
cedidos  por  el  ''Chacabuco.''  Al  llegar  6,  la  fortaleza  que  est&  ^  la 
entrada  del  puerto,  toda  la  armada  hizo  un  saludo  simulttoeo,  y  al 
pasar  en  gran  parada,  el  buque  de  guerra  chileno  *'  Baquedano,''  k  bordo 
del  cual  iba  el  Presidente  y  su  Gabinete,  cada  buque  de  la  annada 
hizo  un  saludo  de  veintitin  caiionazos  separadamente.  El  dia  se 
declar6  de  fiesta;  el  tiempo  fu6  bellisimo,  y  inillares  de  personas 
formaban  hileras  en  las  colinas,  y  todos  los  buques  que  se  hallaban 
en  el  puerto  estaban  decorados  con  banderas. 

**Cuando  la  armada  se  perdi6  de  vista,  recibi  un  aerograma  del 
Almirante  Evans,  anunci&ndome  que  todos  estaban  bien,  y  enviando 
un  voto  de  gracias  al  Presidente  Montt/ ^ 

El  Almirante  Evans  envi6  el  siguiente  aerograma  al  Almirante 
Simpson,  que  estaba  k  bordo  del  '^Chacabuco/' 

**E1  jcfe  de  la  armada  del  Atlantico  suplica  k  usted  que,  en  su 
nombre,  en  el  de  sus  oficiales  y  tripulacion,  haga  presente  al  Presidente 
Montt  cutoto  aprecian  el  honor  que  61  les  ha  confirido  al  dignarso  a 
prescenciar  la  granparadade  la  armada  americana  frente  a  Valparaiso. 
A  lo  expuesto  debo  agregar  la  expresi6n  de  mi  m^s  distinguida  cou- 
sideracidn  personal  hacia  usted,  y  espcro  tener  el  placer  de  vorlc  otra 
vez.     Hago  sinceros  votos  por  su  felicidad." 

El  Almirante  Simpson  contest6  como  sigue: 

** Gracias.  Se  me  han  dado  instrucciones  para  que  transmita  a 
usted  las  gracias  que  personalmente  le  da  el  Presidente  Montt  por 
sus  sinceros  votos.  Yo  y  todos  mis  oficiales  les  damos  al  Almirante 
Evans  y  &  los  oficiales  de  la  armada  americana  una  cordial  despedida 
y  les  deseamos  una  travesla  feliz  y  pr6spera.'^ 

Los  mensajes  canjeados  posteriormente  entre  los  Presidentes 
Montt  y  Roosevelt  se  publicaran  en  el  Bol.¥:.t1«  ^^  -caauT'LCk, 


418    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  EEPUBLICAS  AMEBIOANAS. 

CONFERENCIA    SOBRE    EL    DESARROLLO   DE   LA 
AMERICA  DEL  SUR. 

En  una  conferencia  dada  el  6  de  febrero  de  1908,  por  el  Sr.  Wilxjam 
E.  Curtis,  ex-Director  de  la  Olicina  Intemacional  de  las  Reptiblicas 
Americanas,  ante  los  estudiantes  de  la  Universidad  de  Jorge  Wash- 
ington, se  traz6  grdficamente  un  contraste  entre  las  condiciones 
actuales  y  las  que  prevalecian  anteriormente  en  toda  la  America 
Latina.  Se  llam6  la  atenci6n  hacia  la  nueva  actividad  comercial 
6  industrial  que  ahora  se  advierte,  y  se  incit6  6.  los  Estados  -Unidos 
&  fin  de  que  tome  una  parte  mds  activa  en  este  movimiento. 

En  los  $2,000,000,000  que  representa  el  comercio  extranjero  de 
la  America  Latina,  la  proporci6n  que  en  la  actualidad  corresponde  & 
los  Unidos  Unidos  es  como  una  cuarta  parte,  por  cuanto  en  1906  su 
comercia  con  aqu611a  ascendi6  &  $520,000,000.  En  el  tiltimo  afio 
comtin  de  1907,  hubo  un  aumento  de  $58,279,201,  pero  el  Sr.  Curtis 
opina  que  esta  suma  todavla  no  representa  de  ninguna  manera  el 
llmite  de  las  posibilidades  de  este  comercio. 

Se  hace  referencia  especialmente  &  la  falta  de  medios  de  comuni- 
caci6n  como  una  de  las  varias  causas  &  las  cuales  se  atribuye  el  hecho 
de  que  los  Estados  Unidos  todavla  no  han  obtenido  y  mantenido 
una  posici6n  absolutamente  dominante  en  los  mercados  de  la  America 
del  Sur.  La  iniciativa  que  se  advierte  y  que  tiene  por  objeto  establecer 
una  completa  reciprocidad  en  las  relaciones  comerciales  entre  las  dos 
secciones  de  America,  fu6  descrita  desde  su  principio — durante  la 
adininistraci6n  del  Presidente  Arthur — hasta  la  memorable  visita 
del  Secretario  Root  en  el  verano  de  1906,  y  tambi^n  se  hicieron 
comentarios  encomidsticos  de  los  trabajos  de  la  Oficina  Litemaoional 
de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas.  El  canje  de  visitas  por  parte  de 
hombres  de  ciencia  y  literatos,  asi  como  los  trabajos  de  ingenieros 
y  peritos  mineros  norteamericanos,  que  tanto  han  contribuido  al 
desarrollo  de  los  recursos  latentes  de  la  America  Latina,  han  dado 
por  resultado  una  mejor  inteligencia  en  cuanto  &  las  condiciones 
sociales  y  econ6micas.  Se  hizo  referencia  &  la  preeminencia  alemana 
en  la  esfera  comercial  6  industrial  de  muchas  ReptibUcas  latino- 
americanas,  y  se  describieron  los  m6todos  empleados  para  obtener 
este  fin. 

Los  $300,000,000,  valor  de  las  importaciones  que  los  Estados 
Unidos  hicieron  de  la  America  Latina  en  1906,  y  4  los  cuales  se  refiri6 
el  Sr.  Curtis,  en  1907  mostraron  un  aumento  de  $17,000,000,  y  el 
valor  de  las  exportaciones  que  en  el  perfodo  anterior  ascendi6  k 
$220,000,000,  tambi6n  mostr6  un  aumento  de  $20,000,000,  lo  cual 
demuestra  que  la  tendencia  general  de  las  relaciones  comerciales  es, 
sin  duda,  hacia  un  aumento  en  el  valor  de  dicho  comercio. 


BEPl&BLIOA    ARGENTINA. 


419 


Sabido  es  que  la  mayor  parte  de  las  importaciones  que  los  Estados 
Unidos  hacen  de  la  America  Latina  consiste  de  materia  prima, 
incluso  el  caf6,  el  cacao,  azticar,  tabaco,  frutas,  etc.  En  el  caf6 
solamente,  de  un  valor  total  de  m&s  de  S71;000,000  de  importa- 
cioneSy  cerca  de  $69,000,000  representan  las  compras  que  se  le 
hicieron  &  la  America  Latina.  Mds  de  la  tercera  parte  del  cacao 
que  se  us6  en  las  varias  preparaciones  de  chocolate  en  los  Estados 
Unidos  en  1907,  procedi6  de  la  America  del  Sur,  en  tan  to  que  el 
azticar  sin  purgar  procedente  de  Cuba  constituy6  prdcticamente  el 
total  de  3,872,221,473  libras  que  se  importaron  de  Cuba,  y  el  valor 
del  tabaco  importado  de  la  misma  procedencia  represents  la  mitad 
del  valor  total  de  las  importaciones,  que  ascendi6  &  $24,310,048. 

El  conferencista  tambien  liizo  comentarios  desfavorables  acerca  de* 
lo  que  61  denomina  un  estado  comercial  '*  triangular"  entre  la  America 
del  Norte  y  la  del  Sur,  puesto  que  lo  que  los  Estados  Unidos  pagan 
per  los  productos  de  la  America  del  Sur  se  gasta  mayormente  en 
mercados  europeos,  en  vez  do  gastarse  natural  y  reciprocamente  en 
las  mercanclas  de  un  pals  m&s  cercano. 


LA   PRODUCCION   de   AZtCAR   EN   LA   AMERICA 

LATINA. 

La  "Revista  Brasileiia"  correspondiente  al  3  de  diciembre  de  1907 
publica  un  cuadro  que  muestra  la  producci6n  de  az6car  en  varias 
regiones  de  la  America  Latina,  asl  como  la  producci6n  europea. 
S61o  se  tienen  en  cuenta  las  cifras  relativas  k  1907-8,  pero  se  repro- 
ducen  como  una  comparaci6n  con  la  producci6n  del  afio  anterior. 


1907-8. 

1905-7. 

AntArlcA  Cmtnl 

Toneladaa. 
24,000 
120,000 
186,000 
1,260,000 
(50,000 
115,000 
145,000 

Tonfladaa, 
19,000 

ReDAblics  Areentina 

119,000 

Bruil 

215, 000 

Cob* 

1,428,000 

Haltf  V  ]a  Rfln11Mi4»  Doinlnicanii 

(j0,000 

108,000 

Pert 

140,000 

REPtTBLICA  ARGENTINA. 

LA  REin?A  DE  IMPXJESTOS  INTEBNOS  EN  1907. 

La  Aministraci6n  Greneral  de  Impuestos  Internos  de  la  Reptiblica 
Argentina,  public6  el  2  de  enero  de  1908  un  cuadro  estadistico,  en  el 
cual  86  especifica  lo  recaudado  por  diversos  conceptos  durante  el 
afio  de  1907,  en  comparaci6n  con  el  de  1906.  De  dicho  cuadro  ha  side 
tornado  el  siguiente  resumen. 


420    OFIOINA  INTEllNACIONAL  DE  LAS  EEPUBUCAS  AMEBICANAS. 


La  cantidad  total  de  las  recaudaciones  de  impuestos  intemos 
durante  1907  fu6  de  43,292,359.36  pesos  papel  y  28,012.98  pesos  ore. 
En  1906  se  recaudaron  39,977,524.62  pesos  papel  y  25,861.42  pesos  oro. 
La  recaudaci6n  ha  sefialado,  pues,  un  aumento  de  3,319,724.50  pesos 
papel,  sobre  1906.  Las  cantidades  totales  se  distribuyen  entre  los 
diversos  conceptos  en  la  siguiente  forma: 


Impuestos. 


1906. 


I 


1907. 


Alcoholcs 

Tabaco 

Cerveza 

Fdsforos 

Naipcs 

Vinos  y  bcbidas  artiflciales. 

Seguros 

Espocfficos 

Total 

Seguros 


Pesos  pawl. 

16,615,869.84 

16,700,975.20 

3,081,804  25 

2,262,325.98 

150,352.93 

76,163.86 

403,352.31 

677,690.25 


39,977,524.62 


Peso*  papel. 

16,877,037.20 

18,221,779.30 

3,128,3Qa92 

3,399,047.68 

167,775.96 

100,331.14 

568,548.41 

820,44&6S 


43,292,350.36 


Pesos  oro.     i     Pews  oro. 
25,861.42]  28,012:96 


LOS  SERVICIOS  DE  COBBEOS  Y  TELJ^GBAPOS  EN  1007. 

A  continuacion  se  publican  datos  estadisticos  relativos  al  movi- 
miento  general  de  la  administraci6n  de  correos  y  tel6grafos  de  la 
Reptiblica  Argentina  durante  el  afio  de  1907. 

Hay  instaladas  en  la  Reptiblica  2,138  oficinas,  distribufdas  en  la 
siguiente  forma:  Capital  Federal,  52;  Provincia  de  Buenos  Aires, 
581;  de  Santa  F6,  297;  de  C6rdoba,  309;  de  Entre  Rios,  132;  de  San 
Luis,  76;  de  Mendoza,  71;  de  San  Juan,  36;  de  Santiago  del  Estero, 
81;  de  Comentes,  66;  de  Tucumto,  81;  de  Salta,  66;  de  Catamarcay 
54;  de  Jujuy,  33;  de  La  Rioja,  47;  Territorios  del  Norte,  32;  Terri- 
torios  del  Sur,  124. 

El  movimiento  postal  fu6  de  625,330,960  piezas,  que  arroja  un 
aumento  de  73,316,063  piezas  sobre  el  del  aiio  anterior.  Se  calcula 
que,  siendo  la  poblaci6n  de  la  Reptiblica  de  6,190,300  habitantes, 
corresponde  ^  cada  uno  en  el  movimiento  general  un  promedio  de  101 
piezas. 

El  servicio  de  valores  declarados  en  la  capital  tuvo  un  movimiento 
de  73,263  piezas,  con  un  valor  total  de  $5,260,068.29.  Los  giros 
postales  importan  las  siguientes  sumas:  Int^rnos  emitidos,  $8,491,- 
507.37;  intemacionales  emitidos,  $254,219.68;  abonados,  $209,213.50. 

Durante  el  ano  se  trasmitieron  por  las  lineas  del  tel6grafo  nacional 
10,420,012  despachos. 

Ilasta  el  31  do  diciembre  estaban  al  servicio  de  la  administracidn 
de  correos  y  tel6grafos  9,251  empleados. 

Las  rentas  de  ambos  servicios  fu6  como  sigue:  Correos,  $7,578,- 
180.27;  tel6grafos,  $2,255,374.90;  total,  $9,833,555.17;  aumento  sobre 
el  alio  anterior,  $746,961.76. 


BEPtjBLICA    ARGENTINA.  421 

EZPOBTAOIONBS  DUItAin?E  LOS  ONCE  PBIMEBOS  MESES  DE  1907. 

Las  principales  exportaciones  de  la  Reptiblica  Argentina  durante 
los  once  primeros  meses  de  1907  fueron  como  sigue,  en  comparaci6n 
con  las  del  mismo  perfodo  del  afio  de  1906: 


Articulos. 

1907. 

1906. 

Cueros  racunos: 

Socos 

ndmoro. . 

2,068,715 
1,475,537 

92,974 

34,494 

54,125 

4,604 

2,'),  774 

79,297 

2,196 

324,654 

2,616,876 

1,211,452 

770,763 

116,450 

174,228 

26,553 

165,296 

743, 132 

293, 441 

51, 115 

91,710 

2,685,2.56 

1,601.837 

141,872 

2,614,568 

SalAdos 

id.... 

1,506,046 

Cueros  de  caballo: 

Secos 

id.... 

164,590 

Salados 

id.... 

18,613 

Cueros  ovinos 

fardos. . 

51,706 

Cerda 

id..-. 

4,445 

Sobo  en  pipas 

19,193 

Sebo  en  cuoas 

63, 121 

CueroB  de  cabra 

fardos. . 

8,737 

id.... 

317, 489 

Trteo  

toneladas. . 

2, 216, 333 

Mate 

Id.... 

2,247,112 

Lino    

id.... 

495, 957 

Harina 

id.... 

114, 845 

Af  lecho 

id.... 

158, 101 

Saivado    

sacos. 

59,316 
185,359 

Semillaii  oleaginoflan 

id.... 

Ileno 

fardos. . 

1,382,842 

Quebradio 

toneladas. . 

256,822 

:^xtracto  de  quebracho 

Mantequilla 

id.... 

cajas. . 

55,070 
143, 412 

Carneroa  oongelados 

Came  de  vaca 

nftmero. . 

cuartos  do  pps.  . 

2,751,797 
1,855,667 

Cebada 

toneladas. . 

49.120 

CONTBATO  PABA   LA   VENTA    DEL  FEBItOCAItltlL  ANDINO. 

El  13  de  diciembre  de  1907  el  Presidente  de  la  Kepublica  Argentina 
envi6  un  mensaje  al  Congreso  Nacional  en  el  cual  expone  Iks  condi- 
ciones  de  un  contrato  firmado  ad  referendum  per  el  Ministro  de  Obras 
Pfiblicas  de  dicha  Reptiblica  y  los  representantes  de  los  ferrocamles 
de  Buenos  Aires  y  Rosario,  y  el  Central  Argentino.  Con  arreglo  al 
artfculo  15  de  dicho  contrato,  la  empresa  del  Central  Argentino  se 
obliga  k  comprar  todas  las  llneas  del  Ferroearril  Nacional  Andino,  asf 
como  los  terrenos,  edilicios,  material  rodante  y  fijo,  los  materiales  que 
haya  en  dep6sito,  los  almacenes  6  talleres  y  todos  los  demds  ensores  y 
accesorios  del  ferroearril.  Se  ha  fijado  el  precio  de  $27,828,000  en 
moneda  nacional,  pagaderos  en  ocho  abonar6s  de  igual  suma,  eon  un 
interns  de  un  5  por  ciento  anual,  que  se  vencerto  en  periodos  siicesivos 
de  noventa  dias. 

El  acuerdo  se  declare  nulo  y  sin  ningtin  valor,  k  menos  que  sea 
aprobado  por  el  congreso  actual  en  sesi6n  extraordinaria. 

PBESTJPTJESTO  MUNICIPAL  DE   BUENOS   AIRES. 

El  31  de  diciembre  de  1907  se  aprob6  el  presupuesto  municipal  de 
la  capital  argentina  para  el  afto  de  1908.  La  cantidad  total  presu- 
puesta  para  gastos  asciende  k  25,396,965  pesos,  que  se  distribuye  en 
la  siguiente  forma:  Sueldos,  8,954,760  pesos;  subvenciones,  1,167,- 
200  pesos;  servicio  de  la  deuda,  2,552,918  pesos;  gastos  generales, 


422    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBUCAS  AMEBICANAS. 

7,665,000  pesos;  comisi6n  municipal,  212,560  pesos,  y  presupuesto 
extraordinario,  4,838,207  pesos.  El  aumento  de  gasto  sobre  1907  es 
de  1,600,000  pesos,  pero  en  dicho  afio  se  pagaron  en  sueldos  800,000 
pesos  que  no  liguraron  en  el  presupuesto,  por  lo  que  en  realidad  el 
aumento  es  la  mitad  de  la  suma  primeramente  indicada.  Los  ingre- 
sos  est&n  calculados  en  24,946,850  pesos,  &  cuya  cantidad  hay  que 
anadir  la  de  2,289,794  pesos  de  ingresos  extraordinarios^  lo  cual 
hace  im  total  de  ingresos  de  27,226,644  pesos,  que  arrojaun  super&vit 
de  1,829,679  pesos. 


BOLIVIA. 


LA  GOMA  EN  LA  PBOVINCIA  DE  LABBCAJA. 

[Datos  tornados  do  la  "  Revista  del  Ministerlo  de  Colonlzacldn  y  Agricultuia."] 

En  las  frondosas  selvas  que  cubren  los  valles  y  quebradas  de  los 
caudalosos  rios  Conzata,  Camata,  Mapii^i,  Tipuani,  Mariapu,  Challana 
y  otros  menos  importantes  de  Bolivia,  se  encuentran  un  ntimero  de 
diferentes  clases  de  drboles,  arbustos  y  varias  especies  de  moras  que 
producen  diferentes  clases  de  goma. 

La  especie  principal  de  estas  plantas  productoras  de  goma  es  la 
Hevea  hrasilensis,  que  produce  la  mejor  clase  de  goma  que  en  la 
actualidad  se  conoce  en  el  comercio,  encontrtodose  la  mayor  parte 
de  estos  fi.rboles  en  las  mfi.rgenes  de  los  precitados  rios  y  en  los 
bajios  adyacentes.  Las  otras  especies  de  plantas  productoras  de 
goma  que  se  encuentran  en  esta  re§i6n  no  han  sido  explotados  aun, 
debido  tanto  al  hecho  de  que  la  calidad  de  la  goma  que  de  aqu^Uas 
se  obtienen  no  se  conoce  bien  en  el  comercio,  como  &  la  gran  escasez 
de  brazos  que  existe  en  6sta  parte  de  Bolivia. 

El  numero  de  drboles  de  goma  varia  considerablemente  en  los 
diferentes  centros  productores  de  goma.  En  algunas  regiones  se 
encuentran  hasta  cien  fi.rboles  por  hect&rea  de  terreno,  al  paso  que  en 
otros  puntos  resulta  diffcil  encontrar  una  docena  de  dichos  &rboles 
en  cada  hectdrea  de  terreno.  El  ntimero  mayor  de  Hevea  hrasilensis 
crece  en  las  faldas  de  los  cerros  que  reciben  directamente  los  rayos 
del  sol  de  la  mailana. 

Sorata,  capital  de  la  Provincia  de  Larecaja,  es  el  centro  de  la 
industria  gomera  en  la  parte  de  Bolivia  &  que  se  ha  hecho  referenda. 
Esta  ciudad  tiene  como  2,000  habitantes  y  est&  situada  al  pie  del 
majestuoso  lUimani,  que  es  uno  de  los  picos  cubiertos  de  nieve  m&s 
altos  de  la  Cordillera  de  los  Andes.  Sorata  se  encuentra  en  la  Ifnea 
de  la  ruta  comercial  que  conduce  al  noroeste  de  Bolivia,  y  es  una 
ciudad  progresista  y  emprendedora,  donde  la  vida  es  relativamente 
barata,  y  es  un  centro  de  contratistas  de  obreros  para  la  recogida  6 
pica  de  gom&,  el  corte  de  la  c&scara  de  quina,  la  recogida  de  oaf^,  etc.. 


BBASIL.  423 

y  donde  se  dis^ribuyen  las  provisiones  y  mercancias  k  los  habitantes 
de  los  valles  cercanos.  El  tiempo  que  se  requiere  para  ir  k  lomo 
de  mulo  6  bestias  de  carga  desde  dicha  ciudad  k  las  plantaciones  6 
zonas  de  goma,  varia  desde  cuatro  hasta  diez  dias. 

A  los  recogedores  de  goma  se  les  suministran  las  herramientas 
necesarias,  que  estto  obligados  d  devolver  al  vencimiento  de  sus 
contratosy  y  se  les  pagan  desde  65  hasta  75  bolivianos  por  cada  100 
libras  de  goma  que  se  entreguen  en  la  oficina  de  la  plantaci6n  de  goma 
en  el  centro  6  zona  donde  trabajen.  Al  precio  que  la  goma  se  cotiza 
actualmente  en  Europa,  1  quintal  de  goma  en  Sorata  vale  como 
180  bolivianos. 

Los  valles  y  bajfos  en  donde  est&n  situadas  las  fincas  de  goma  de 
la  Provincia  de  Larecaja^  son  susceptibles  de  un  gran  desarrollo. 
Todo  lo  que  se  necesita  es  capital  y  brazos  para  explotar  la  riqueza 
natural  del  suelo.  Para  dar  una  idea  de  la  fertilidad  del  terreno  en 
los  distritos  productores  de  goma  de  Bolivia,  basta  decir  que  los 
gruesos  troncos  que  se  colocan  en  el  terreno  y  sobre  los  cuales  se 
construyen  las  casas  con  techos  de  palma,  con  el  transcurso  del 
tiempo  echan  raices,  retofLan,  crecen  y  cubren  con  verdes  hojas  estas 
pintorescas  moradas. 


BRASIL. 


GONTINXTAOltfN    DE    LAS    CONCESIONES    ABANCELABIAS    £    LOS 
PBODT70TOS  DE  LOS  ESTADOS  XJNIDOS. 

El  dfa  11  de  enero  de  1908  el  Congreso  brasilefio  vot6  en  favor  de 
la  continuaci6n,  durante  todo  el  ano  de  1908,  de  una  rebaja  de  un 
20  por  ciento  sobre  ciertas  importaciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  de 
acuerdo  con  la  ley  del  30  de  junio  de  1906. 

COMEBCIO  EXTBANJEBO  EN  DIEZ  MESES  DE  1907. 

El  valor  total  de  las  importaciones  heohas  por  puertos  brasiiefios 
en  los  diez  meses  que  terminaron  en  octubre  de  1907,  ascendi6  a 
528,425:602$  6  scan  como  $165,000,000,  en  comparacion  con  388,- 
793:093$  6  sean  como  $130,000,000,  en  el  mismo  periodo  de  1906. 

En  los  diez  meses  de  1907,  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  ascendi6 
&  744,153:755$  6  sean .  $230,000,000,  contra  596,715:999$,  6  sean 
$200,000,000,  en  los  diez  meses  del  ano  anterior. 

Asi  pues,  se  demuestra  que  en  este  tiltimo  perfodo  ha  habido  un 
aumento  de  $35,000,000  en  el  valor  de  las  importaciones,  y  de  $30,- 
000,000  en  el  de  las  exportaciones,  en  tanto  que  el  valor  de  las  expor- 
taciones de  productos  del  pais  excedi6  en  $65,000,000  al  de  las  im- 
portaciones. 


424    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPU6LI0AS  AMEBICANAS. 

En  los  diez  meses  de  1907,  las  exportaciones  de  moneda  acufiada 
ascendieron  ^  $20,000,000,  en  comparaci6n  con  $6,000,000  en  los 
mismos  meses  del  ano  anterior. 

En  los  diez  meses  de  referenda  de  1907,  la  renta  de  aduana  arroja 
un  aumento  de  im  22  por  ciento. 

PROPAGANDA  A  FAVOB  DE  LOS  PBODT7CTOS  DEL  PAlS. 

Uno  de  los  articulos  de  la  ley  ntimero  401,  que  fu6  sancionada 
por  el  Congreso  brasilefio  el  10  de  diciembre  de  1907,  autoriza  al 
Departamento  de  Industrias  y  Obras  Pflblicas  para  que  gaste  4,- 
000,000$  d  fm  de  abrir  un  cr6dito  6  hacer  las  operaciones  de  crfidito 
necesarias  con  el  objeto  de  desarroUar  en  los  paises  extranjeros  el 
consumo  de  diferentes  productos  agricolas  y  minerales  del  Brasil7 
concediendo  primas  y  subvenciones  por  dicha  propaganda. 

Las  subvenciones  se  concederto  mayormente  k  las  razones  sociales 
y  ^  los  particulares: 

(a)  Que  en  los  lugares  donde  ya  haya  casas  de  comercio  haciendo 
negocios  de  caf6  en  grano,  establezcan  por  su  cuenta  y  riesgo  tosta- 
dores  de  caf6  en  los  cuales  este  producto  pueda  venderse  al  pormenor 
6  servirse  como  se  hace  en  los  restaurantes  de  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

(h)  Que  establezcan  en  dichos  puntos  6  en  las  cercanfas,  casas  en 
las  cuales  el  caf6  pueda  venderse  molido  6  listo  para  tomarse,  ha- 
bi6ndose  comprado  en  los  precitados  establecimientos  tostadores. 

(c)  Que  establezcan,  en  las  localidades  donde  no  haya  razones 
sociales  que  hagan  negocios  de  caf6,  y  mayormente  en  los  lugares 
dondehay  pocos  habitantes,  establecimientos  que  tengan  un  pequefio 
tostador  donde  el  caf6  pueda  venderse  molido  6  ya  preparado  para 
beberlo. 

Id6ntico  sistema  de  subvenciones  se  adoptarfi.  respecto  de  los  es- 
tablecimientos que  ex;hiban  muestras  de  otros  productos  brasile£k)s, 
tales  como  la  hierba  mate,  cacao,  aztScar,  tabaco  y  sus  productos, ' 
acompanados  de  las  debidas  circulares  descriptivas  que  traten  acerca 
de  su  origen,  precio,  etc. 

Se  adjudicarto  primas  ^  las  razones  sociales  6  individuos  que  & 
la  terminaci6n  de  cada  semestre  presenten  pruebas,  que  el  Gobiemo 
juzgue  satisfactorias,  de  haber  aumentado  el  consumo  de  los  pro- 
ductos de  que  se  trata. 

Al  Gobierno  se  le  autoriza  tambi^n  para  que  establezca  y  mantenga 
la  propaganda  en  pro  de  los  productos  del  pafs  en  relaci6n  con  Ice 
consulados  brasilefios  establecidos  en  el  extranjero,  y  tambi^n  para 
organizar  un  Departamento  de  Inspecci6n  que  estar&  bajo  la  direc- 
ci6n  de  los  Consules  respectivos,  quienes  &  fin  de  cada  afio  presenta- 
rfi,n  informes  relativos  al  progreso  que  se  haga  en  dicha  cuestidn  al 
Ministerio  de  Industrias  y  Obras  Publicas. 


COLOMBIA.  425 

Adem^s  de  los  elementos  indicados  en  los  p&rrafos  que  anteceden, 
el  Gobiemo  puede  emplear  otros  que  siempre  ban  de  tener  un  cardc- 
ter  comercial,  come  per  ejemplo,  conceder,  una  rebaja  m&xima  de 
xm  20  per  ciento  en  los  derechos  de  importaci6n  sobre  los  articulos 
que  no  se  produzcan  en  el  Brasil  y  que  procedan  de  paises  extran- 
jeros,  que,  por  virtud  de  convenios  6  tratados  comerciales  conceden, 
durante  un  period©  por  lo  menos  de  tres  afios,  una  exenci6n  6  rebaja 
adecuada  en  sua  aranceles  k  los  productos  brasileflos. 

La  riqueza  mineral  del  pafs  tambi^n  ha  de  ser  objeto  de  una  pro- 
paganda an&loga  bajo  la  direcci6n  del  Gobiemo. 


COLOMBIA. 

BXPLOTACltfN  DE   LA  TAGUA  EN  BOSQXJES  NACIONALES. 

Con  fecha  26  de  diciembre  de  1907,  el  Presidente  Reyes,  de  la 
Reptiblica  de  Colombia,  dict6  un  importante  decreto  en  virtud  del 
cual  la  explotaci6n  de  la  tagua  en  los  bosques  nacionales,  situados 
en  las  hoyas  de  los  Rlos  Atrato  y  Le6n  y  en  la  costa  del  Golfo  de 
UrabA,  podrfi,  Uevarse  k  cabo  por  individuos  6  entidades  particulares 
sin  necesidad  de  concesiones  6  permisos  especiales,  bajo  las  siguientes 
condiciones:  (a)  Cada  tonelada  de  tagua  pagarfi.  por  derecho  de 
exportaci6n,  $2  oro;  (b)  el  pago  deberfi.  hacerse  en  la  aduana  respec- 
tiva  desde  el  1°  de  abril  de  1908. 

BESTBICCIONES    EN  LAS  OIPOitTACIONES   DE  CABNES   CONSEB- 

VADAS. 

En  conformidad  con  ima  resoluci6n  que  fu6  aprobada  reciente- 
mente  por  la  Junta  de  Sanidad  de  Colombia,  se  prohibe  la  importa- 
ci6n  &  la  Reptiblica  de  toda  clase  de  canies  para  cuya  conservacion 
se  usen  antis6pticos.  Las  carnes  dcstinadas  al  consumo  en  Colom- 
bia pueden  conservarse  mediante  el  empleo  del  cloruro  de  sodio, 
nitrato  de  potasa,  el  calor  (por  el  procediniic  ;.lo  modificado  de 
Appert)  6  la  refrigeracion. 

En  tal  virtud,  al  Consulado  Colombiano  en  Nueva  York  se  le  han 
enviado  instrucciones  fi.  fin  de  que  no  certifuiue  ninguna  factura  que 
contenga  cames  conservadas  fi.  menos  que  diclia  factura  sea  acom- 
pailada  de  un  certificado  de  buena  fe  en  el  cual  se  haga  constar  ter- 
minantemente  que  no  se  han  usado  antis6pticos,  y  quo  las  canies  se 
han  preparado  para  la  exportacion  tal  como  lo  exige  la  ley. 


426    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  EEPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

COSTA  RICA. 

AFORO  DE  LOS  CARTTJCHOS  DE  ESCOPETA  Y  FTTLMINANTES. 

For  decreto  del  Presidente  Gonzalez  VfguEZ,  de  Costa  Rica, 
fechado  el  4  de  enero  de  1908,  los  cartuchos  de  escopeta  y  los  ful- 
minantes  se  aforar&n  de  la  manera  siguiente,  k  partir  del  mencio- 

nado  dia: 

[For  kilogramo.]  Colonet. 

Cartuchos  de  metal  sin  cargar 2. 50 

Cartuchos  de  metal  cargados 75 

Cartuchos  de  cart6n  sin  cargar 5. 00 

Cartuchos  de  cart6n  cargados 1. 00 

Fulminantes 5. 00 


CUBA. 

INFORME  DEL  GOBEBNADOB  PBOVISIONAL  PABA  EL  ASO  1907. 

El  Goberiiador  Provisional  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Cuba,  nombrado 
de  acuerdo  con  el  tratado  celebrado  entre  la  misma  y  los  Estados 
Unidos,  di6  publicidad  el  12  de  enero  de  1908  6r  su  informe  anual  al 
Secretario  de  Guerra  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  en  el  cual  trata  exten- 
samente  de  las  condiciones  econ6niicas  que  ban  prevalecido  en  la 
Isla  desde  la  revolucion  de  1906  hasta  la  fecha. 

Como  el  ejercicio  del  poder  legislativo  por  el  Jefe  Ejecutivo  de  la 
Reptiblica  estfi,  en  armonfa  con  el  estado  de  cosas  en  la  Isla,  las 
sesiones  del  congreso  fueron  suspendidas  temporalmente  hasta  que 
sean  elegidos  los  miembros  del  cuerpo  legislativo,  de  confonnidad 
con  nuevas  listas  de  registro  que  se  hagan  por  medio  de  un  censo 
general. 

El  8  de  mayo  de  1907  se  dict6  un  decreto  que  dispuso  el  levanta- 
miento  de  im  censo  *'para  fines  electorales  y  estadlsticos,''  censo  que 
ha  sido  efectuado  y  cuya  publicaci6n  se  harfi.  tan  pronto  como  se 
hayan  comprobado  y  arreglado  los  datos  recogidos.  A  causa  de  las 
demoras  inevitables  que  origina  la  preparaci6n  de  las  listas,  el  poner 
en  vigor  ciertas  leyes  electorales  y  la  organizaci6n  de  las  juntas  de 
eleccion,  es  probable  que  las  elecciones  provinciales  y  municipales 
no  puedan  celebrarso  antes  de  abril  6  mayo  de  1908. 

Sogiin  las  actuales  condiciones  lo  demuestran,  la  situaci6n  econ6- 
mica  de  hi  ReptibHca  e^  satisfactoria.  En  octubre  del  afiode  1906  se 
tomfa  que  la  revoluci6n  habia  destniido  el  crtdito  financiero  de  la 
Reptiblica;  se  creyo  que  la  prolongada  sequia  habia  perjudicado 
grandemente  las  cosechas  de  cana  de  azdcar,  de  tabaco,  de  frutas  y 
de  legumbres ;  un  temporal  devasto  la  Isla  durante  el  mes  y  se  creyd 
que  habia  destrufdo  por  completo  las  cosechas  de  tabaco  y  de  axdicar. 


CUBA.  427 

.  La  opini6n  general  era  de  que  los  ingresos  de  aduanas  disminuirian 
y  que  las  rentas  del  fisco  no  serian  suficientes  para  hacer  frente  k  las 
obligaciones  y  los  gastos  corrientes  del  Gobiemo.  Los  resultados 
fueron  todo  lo  contrario  de  lo  que  se  esperaba.  La  Isla  produjo 
m&s  azticar  que  nunca;  la  cosecha  de  tabaco  fu6  relativamente 
pequefLa  pero  de  calidad  superior  y  se  cotiz6  6,  precios  hasta  ahora 
los  m&s  idtos  que  se  ban  registrado  en  la  bistoria  de  la  industria  en 
Cuba.  Las  cosecbas  de  frutas  y  legumbres  fueron  abundantes  y 
demostraron  un  aumento  satisfactorio  en  ^rea  de  terrenos  cultivados, 
en  comparaci6n  con  los  anos  anteriores,  y,  por  m&s  que  la  producci6n 
disminuy6  &  causa  de  la  sequia,  los  precios  fueron  m&s  subidos,  y, 
por  lo  tantOy  el  resultado  fu6  satisfactorio  para  los  productores.  Los 
ingresos  de  aduanas  aumentaron  considerablemente,  y  el  estado  del 
tesoro  ptiblico  continu6  siendo  excelente.  Teniendo  en  cuenta  que 
estos  resultados  son  de  im  afio  precedido  por  una  revoluci6n  y  un 
temporal,  y  que  abarca  un  periodo  de  p&nico  y  depresi6n  universal 
en  los  negocios  y  las  finanzas,  y  de  huelgas  y  cierres  de  f^bricas  que 
paralizaron  por  meses  las  industrias  tabacalera  y  constructora,  y  que 
obstruyeron  otras  empresas  industriales  y  comerciales,  se  podrA 
formar  una  idea  de  la  admirable  riqueza  y  de  los  innumerables 
recursos  de  la  Isla. 

El  valor  aproximado  de  las  mercancias  importadas  durante  el  afio 
econ6mico  de  1906-7  fu6  de  $96,673,989,  cantidad  que,  comparada 
con  la  del  afio  1905-6,  acusa  una  disminuci6n  de  $7,721,603.  Las 
exportaciones  estuvieron  avaluadas  en  $110,764,937,  valor  que 
arroja  un  aumento  de  $5,565,622  sobre  el  del  ano  ccon6mico  anterior. 

El  proyecto  de  colocar  el  servicio  sanitario  bajo  la  inspecci6n  del 
Gobiemo  nacional  recibi6  la  aprobacion  del  ptiblico,  por  cuanto 
todos  comprenden  que  la  higiene  de  la  Isla  ejerce  una  influencia 
muy  grande  en  el  desarrollo  del  comercio,  y  lo  mismo  ha  sido  por 
lo  que  respecta  &  la  construcci6n  de  caminos  y  las  mejoras  de 
puertos.  Los  principales  productos  de  Cuba — azticar,  tabaco,  ma- 
deras,  frutas,  legumbres  y  minerales  de  hierro — se  venden  en  los  mer- 
cados  extranjeros,  por  lo  que  tienen  que  ser  trasportados  desde  el 
punto  de  su  produccion  &  las  bahias  de  la  costa.  Existen,  por  lo 
menos,  cuarenta  bahias  que,  &  un  costo  pequeno,  podrian  ser  mejo- 
radas  suficientemente  para  permitir  la  entrada  de  buques  de  alta  mar. 
En  la  actualidad  s61o  seis  puertos  se  hallan  en  esa  condicion  y  nin- 
guno  de  ellos  estd  adecuadamente  equipado  para  el  rdpido  despaclio 
de  mercancias.  Estos  puertos  estfin  en  comunicaci6n  con  el  interior 
por  medio  de  ferrocarriles  y  con  las  costas  por  medio  de  embar- 
caciones.  En  muchas  partes  de  la  Isla  los  medios  de  comunicaci6n 
son  atin  deficientes,  por  lo  cual  el  trasporte  de  mercancias  es  costoso. 
Se  ban  dado  6rdenes  al  Departamento  de  Obras  Ptiblicas  para  que 
prepare  un  proyecto  general  de  un  sistema  de  caminos  macadami- 
sado8|  que  consista  de  una  carretera  de  eate  k  oe^V^  ^  ^ot^  x^xsvsJ^^'^ 


428    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMKHTiOANAS. 

de  norte  &  sur  que  terminen  en  los  puertos  de  las  seis  provincias  en 
que  se  halla  dividida  la  Reptiblica.  En  dicho  proyecto  deber&n  estar 
incluldas  tambi6n  obras  de  mejora  en  los  mencionados  puertos  con  el 
fin  de  que  est6n  provistos  de  los  medios  necesarios  para  el  despacho 
adecuado  y  rdpido  de  mercancfas,  y  la  construcci6n  de  faros  en 
donde  fueren  necesarios.  Tres  son  los  objetos  principales  por  los 
que  se  proyectan  estas  reformas:  El  desarrollo  del  pals,  la  reducci6n 
de  los  gastos  causados  por  las  deficiencias  de  los  medios  de  comuni- 
caci6n  y  el  mejoramiento  de  las  condiciones  industriales  dando 
trabajo  &  un  ntimero  de  obreros. 

Es  urgente  la  necesidad  de  mejoras  municipales,  calcul&ndose 
que  se  necesitardn  por  lo  menos  $75,000,000  para  llevarlas  &  cabo  en 
los  diversos  ayuntamientos. 

Con  referencia  al  estado  de  la  industria  azucarera,  el  Gobemador 
Magoon  dice  que  la  riqueza  de  Cuba  depende  de  sus  productos 
agrfcolas,  y  el  principal  es  el  azticar.  La  estaci6n  del  corte  y  de  la 
molienda  dura  desde  mediados  de  diciembre  hasta  principios  de  la 
estaci6n  de  las  lluvias,  que  empieza  generalmente  en  mayo.  Esta  esta- 
ci6n  del  afio  es  el  periodo  del  crecimiento  y  de  la  cosecha  del  tabaco, 
de  las  frutas  y  de  las  legumbres;  una  vez  recogidas  esas  cosechas, 
queda  poco  que  hacer  en  los  ingenios  de  azticar  y  en  las  haciendas, 
por  cuya  raz6n  un  setenta  y  cinco  por  ciento  de  los  trabaj  adores  se 
quedan  sin  empleo  por  espacio  de  seis  meses  cada  afio,  asf  es  que  el 
problema  econ6mico  de  mds  importancia  en  Cuba  es  el  dar  trabajo  & 
estos  obreros  durante  dichos  meses. 

En  1903  el  prccio  del  azticar  fu6  muy  subido,  y  la  producci6n  la 
mayor  que  se  habia  registrado  hasta  entonces.  Se  fomentaron  mis 
ingenios,  y  los  cafiaverales  se  plantaron  teniendo  mis  en  cuenta  las 
ganancias  que  los  gastos;  se  abrieron  cr^ditos  innecesarios  y  se  hicieron 
gastos  exorbit  antes  con  result  ados  desastrosos,  si  bien  temporales. 
Ahora,  sin  embargo,  el  dinero  que  fu6  distribuido  por  el  Gobiemo  ha 
sido  gastado;  han  vencido  los  pagar6s  firmados  para  el  dinero  prestado 
para  la  construcci6n  de  ingenios  y  la  plantaci6n  de  la  cafia,  y  el 
periodo  do  la  liquidaci6n  se  fi]6  hace  mis  de  un  afio.  La  industria 
azucarera  esta,  por  lo  tanto,  en  condici6n  floreciente  y  puede  hacer 
frente  &.  todas  las  demandas  de  la  li(iuidaci6n.  La  opini6n  general 
es  la  de  que  la  cosecha  del  presente  afto  seri  de  1,150,000  toneladas, 
y  que,  &  consecuencia  de  la  disminuci6n  habida  en  la  producci6n 
de  otros  palses  del  mundo,  el  precio  seri  m&s  elevado  que  el  de  la 
actualidad. 

El  informe  hace  menci6n  del  deseo,  expresado  frecuentement^ 
por  los  hacendados,  de  i\ue  se  establezca  un  banco  de  agricultura 
por  el  estilo  del  que  funciona  en  Mexico,  y  se  est&n  estudiando 
cuidadosamente  las  razones  presentadas  en  pro  y  en  contra  del 
proyecto. 


,.,n;  OHILE.  429 

El  ntiinero  de  reclamaciones  originadas  por  la  revoluci6n  de  agosto 
de  1906  fu6  de  12,057 — mfijs  de  la  mitad  por  caballos — cuya  cantidad 
total  asciende  k  $1,688,106.76,  de  los  cuales  han  sido  adjudicados 
por  la  Junta  de  Reclamaciones  $738,428.39.  El  costo  total  de  la 
revoluci6n  fu6  de  $8,634,116.64. 

KBGLAMENTACldN  DEL  EJERCICIO  DE  LA  FABMACLA.. 

Con  fecha  31  de  diciembre  de  1907,  el  Gobemador  Provisional  de 
Cuba  dict6  un  decreto  que  todos  los  que  se  dedican  al  ejercicio  de  la 
farmacia  en  la  Reptiblica  sin  poseer  titulo  de  licenciado  6  doctor,  y 
que  cuenten  con  cinco  6  m6s  afios  de  pr&ctica,  demuestren  su  com- 
petencia  ante  un  tribunal  de  exfi,menes  constituido  de  la  manera 
dispuesta  en  el  decreto.  El  tribunal  de  exfi,menes  expedirA  k  cada 
aspirante  que  haya  sido  aprobado  im  certificado  como  ^'Pr&ctico 
en  Farmacia,''  con  el  cual  tendrfi,  derecho  d  ejercer  la  profesi6n  en 
la  Isla. 

La  fecha  en  que  entrar^  en  vigor  este  decreto  se  determinarfi.  m&s 
adelante. 


CHILE. 

REin?AS  ADT7ANEBAS  EN  ONCE  MESES  DE  1907. 

Las  aduanas  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Chile  recaudaron  durante  los 
primeros  once  meses  del  afto  1907  una  renta  total  de  107,361,051 
pesos  y  19  centavos,  cifra  que,  comparada  con  la  del  mismo  periodo 
de  1906,  arroja  un  aumento  de  10,289,371  pesos  y  24  centavos.  Lo 
percibido  en  el  mes  de  noviembre  de  1907  ascendi6  k  6,495,577.06 
pesos,  que  arroja  un  aumento  de  1,028,380  pesos  y  78  centavos, 
respecto  de  la  cantidad  recaudada  en  el  mismo  mes  de  1906. 

PBOlfULGACldN    DE    MODIFICACIONES    EN    LOS    DEBECHOS    DE 

ADTJANA. 

La  proyectada  modificaci6n  de  los  derechos  de  aduana  sobre  el 
ganado  vacuno,  lanar,  y  ciertos  tegidos,  quo  ol  Gobiemo  chileno  ha 
estado  estudiando,  segiin  se  anunci6  en  el  Boletin  Mensual  de  diciem- 
bre de  1907,  ha  sido  sancionada  por  el  Congroso  y  promulgada  como 
ley.  La  suspensi6n  de  los  derechos  sobre  el  ganado  vacuno,  y  la 
rebaja  de  im  50  por  ciento  sobre  otros  articulos  determinados,  empo- 
zar&  k  regir  dentro  de  seis  meses. 


430    OFICINA  IN7EBNACI0NAL  D£  LAS  BEP^UCAS  AMEEIOAKAS. 

ESTADOS  UNIDOS.   . 

COMEBCIO  CON  LA  AMERICA  LATINA  EN  1907. 

El  valor  total  del  comercio  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  Am&ica 
latina  en  el  afio  eomtin  de  1907,  ascendi6  a  $558,279,201,  las  expor- 
taciones,  $240,553,068  y  las  importaciones,  $317,726,133,  en  com- 
paraci6n  con  $521,311,077  en  1906,  y  $493,669,785  en  1905.  Asi 
pues,  se  muestra  un  aumento  de  $36,968,124  en  el  tlltimo  periodo 
anotado,  en  comparaci6n  con  los  doce  meses  anteriores. 

El  valor  del  comercio  con  la  Amfirica  Central  en  1907  ascendi6  a 
$45,087,355  contra  $38,690,379  en  1906,  lo  cual  muestra  un  aumento 
de  $6,396,976.  El  valor  del  comercio  entre  Mexico  y  los  Estados 
Unidos  en  los  dos  periodos  de  referenda  ascendi6  6,  $124,698,413  y 
$114,273,188,  respectivamente,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  $10,425,225  en 
1907  respecto  de  1906. 

El  valor  del  comercio  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  Cuba  en  1907 
ascendi6  &  $144,973,116  contra  $131,544,878  en  el  alio  anterior, 
mostr&ndose  asi  un  aumento  de  $13,428,238  en  el  tiltimo  afio.  El 
valor  del  comercio  entre  Haiti  y  los  Estados  Unidos  en  1907  y  1906, 
ascendi6  &  $4,366,273  y  $4,302,755,  respectivamente,  mostr&ndose 
asf  un  pequefio  aumento  de  $63,518  en  1907.  Las  condiciones  en 
cuanto  &  la  Reptiblica  Dominicana  fueron  algo  mejores,  puesto  que 
el  valor  del  comercio  en  1907  y  1906  ascendi6  &  $5,860,693  y  $5,735,717 
respectivamente,  lo  cual  muestra  un  aumento  de  $124,976,  en  1907 
respecto  de  1906. 

En  1907  el  valor  total  del  comercio  de  toda  la  America  del  Sur 
ascefidi6  &  $233,293,351,  se^n  aparece  en  la  lista  relativa  al  comer- 
cio de  los  Estados  Unidos,  contra  $226,764,160  en  1906,  6  sea  un 
aumento  de  $6,599,191,  debido  mayormente  al  aumento  en  las  expor- 
taciones  al  Brasil  que  le  compr6  a  los  Estados  Unidos  $4,452,191 
mds  que  en  1906.  La  distribuci6n  de  las  importaciones  y  expor- 
taciones  por  paises,  asi  como  los  articulos,  se  expresan  detallada- 
mente  en  los  cuadros  copiados  de  los  datos  reco^dos  por  la  Oficina 
de  Estadistica  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  que  se  encontrar&n  en  la 

pd^na  367. 

COMERCIO  EXTBANJERO  EN  1907. 

Las  cifras  publicadas  por  la  Oficina  de  Estadistica  de  los  Estados 
Unidos  correspondientes  al  afio  de  1907,  muestran  que  el  valor  total 
del  comercio  extranjero  ascendi6  &,  $3,346,684,960,  es  decir, 
$1,423,289,693  de  importaciones,  y  $1,923,395,267  de  exportaciones, 
6  sea  un  aumento  de  $227,931,954,  en  comparaci6n  con  $3,118,745,006 
fi.  que  ascendi6  el  valor  total  del  comercio  extranjero  en  1906,  distri- 
buido  como  si^e:  $1,320,501,572  de  importaciones,  y  $1,798,243,434 
de  exportaciones.  Por  consi^iente,  en  1907  el  valor  del  comercio 
extranjero  excedi6  en  $500,105,574  al  del  afio  anterior,  que  861o 
a  acendid  &  1477,741,862. 


ESTADOS   UNID08. 


431 


Del  valor  total  de  las  importaciones  en  1907,  m&s  de  la  mitad,  6 
sean  $736,969,040,  procedieron  de  Europ*a,  lo  cual  representa  un 
aumento  de  m4s  de  $35,000,000  en  comparaci6n  con  1906.  El  au- 
mento  de  $26,000,000  que  se  advierte  en  este  ramo  del  comercio  con 
la  America  del  Norte,  Mexico  representa  mds  de  $5,000,000,  y  la 
America  Central  mis  de  $2,000,000.  El  valor  de  las  importaciones 
de  la  America  del  Sur  sigue  pricticamente  sin  ningtin  cambio,  por 
cuanto  en  1907  ascendi6  &  $147,680,943,  y  $147,941,781  en  1906. 
Sin  embargo,  ambos  aflos  muestran  un  aumento  como  de  $3,000,000, 
en  comparaci6n  con  1905.  El  valor  de  las  importaciones  de  Asia 
muestra  un  aumento  de  mds  de  $19,000,000;  el  de  las  de  Oceania 
muestra  un  aumento  de  mis  de  $9,00,000  y  el  de  las  de  Africa 
muestra  un  aumento  de  m&s  de  $10,000,000 

En  la  lista  de  exportaciones  se  advierte  claramente  que  la  mayor 
parte  de  6stas  se  hizo  k  Europa,  por  cuanto  el  valor  de  dichas  expor- 
taciones ascendi6  k  $1,313,045,045,  de  im  valor  total  de  exporta- 
ciones de  $1,923,395,267,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  mis  de  $67,000,000 
en  el  valor  de  las  exportationes,  comparado  con  1906.  El  valor  total 
de  las  exportaciones  i  la  America  del  Norte  ascendi6  i  mis  de  $36,- 
000,000,  en  los  cuales  Mexico  representa  mis  de  $5,000,000  y  la 
America  Central  mis  de  $4,000,000.  Toda  la  America  del  Sur 
compr6  mercancias  por  valor  de  $85,612,408,  contra  $78,822,379  en 
1906,  lo  cual  muestra  im  aumento  de  mis  de  $6,000,000.  El  valor 
de  los  embarques  que  se  liicieron  i  Asia  representa  un  aumento  de 
$10,000,000;  el  de  los  que  se  hicieron  i  Oceania  representa  un  aumento 
de  $5,000,000  y  el  de  los  que  se  hicieron  i  Africa  representa  un  aumento 
de  $500,000. 

El  siguiente  es  el  valor  oficial  de  las  importaciones  y  exportaciones 
en  los  dos  afios  de  referenda: 


[Ore  americanc] 

Import  acionps. 

Exportaciones. 

1906. 

1907. 

1906. 

1907. 

Euro  pa 

1700,067,050 

240,709,681 

147,941,781 

196,369,212 

22,962,203 

12,451,646 

$736,960,040 
267,133,933 
147,680,943 
216,233,770 
32,566,936 
22,715,072 

11,246,573,163 
326,886.319 
78.822,379 
89.075,358 
39,516,547 
18,369,(»68 

11,313,045,046 

America  del  Norte 

362,180,385 

America  del  Sur 

85,612,408 

Asia 

99,127,195 

Qce*Tf  f  A r 

44, 549, 490 

Africa 

18,880.744 

Total 

1,320,501,572 

1,423,289,693 

1,798,243,434 

1,923,395,267 

El  valor  de  las  importaciones  de  oro  en  el  aflo  de  referencia  ascendi6 
i  $143,398,066,  6  sea  ima  disminucion  de  $12,181,314  respecto  de 
1906,  en  tanto  que  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  ascendi6  i  $55,215,681, 
6  sea  un  aumento  de  $8,506,523,  respecto  de  los  doce  meses  anteriores. 
"El  valor  de  las  importaciones  de  plata  en  el  alio  de  referencia  ascendi6 
&  $46,013,776,  contra  $44,227,941  en  1906,  y  el  de  las  exportaciones 


432    OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DB  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBIC  AN  AS. 

del  mismo  metal  ascendi6  &  $61,225,866  y  $60,957,091,  en  1907  y 
1906  respectivamente. 

En  1907  los  buques  de  vela  que  entraron  en  los  puertos  de  los 
Estados  Unidos  representaron  $2,905,768  de  toneladas,  y  salieron  un 
total  de  3,070,065.  El  tonelaje  de  los  vapores  fu6  come  sigue: 
entraron  35,513,482  toneladas,  en  comparaci6n  con  32,454,853  en 

1906,  y  salieron  35,186,499  toneladas  contra  31,749,576  en  el  afio 
anterior. 

Eli  ESTADO  LEGAL   DE    LOS   CIUDADANOS  NATTJKALIZADOS. 

El  13  de  enero  de  1908  el  Senado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  ratified  la 
convenci6n  que  hi6  firmada  en  Rio  de  Janeiro  el  13  de  agosto  de  1906 
por  los  delegados  de  los  Gobiernos  representados  en  la  Tercera  Con- 
ferencia  Intemacional  de  Estados  Americanos,  por  virtud  de  la  cual 
convenci6n  se  establece  el  estado  legal  de  los  ciudadanos  natural!- 
zados  que  vuelveri  4  domiciliarse  en  el  pafs  de  su  origen. 

La  expresada  convenci6n  fu6  sometida  k  la  consideraci6n  del  Presi- 
dente  de  los  Estados  Unidos  por  el  Secretario  de  Estado,  el  dla  l**de 

1907,  y  fu6  trasladada  al  congreso  para  que  ^ste  tomase  la  debida 
determinaci6n. 

La  conventi6n  contiene  los  cuatro  artfculos  siguientes: 

^' Art.  I.  Si  un  ciudadano  nativo  de  cualquiera  de  los  paises  firman- 
tes  de  la  presente  convenci6n,  y  naturalizado  en  otro  de  6stos,  renorase 
su  residencia  en  el  pais  de  su  origen,  sin  intenci6n  de  regresar  &  aquel 
en  el  cual  se  hubiere  naturalizado,  se  considerarfi,  que  rea.«aume  su 
ciudadania  originaria,  y  que  renuncia  k  la  ciudadania  adquirida  per 
dicha  naturalizaci6n.  Este  articulo  comprende  no  s61o  al  ciudadano 
ya  naturalizado,  sino  tambi^n  4  los  que  se  naturalicen  despu6s. 

^' Art.  II.  La  intenci6n  de  no  regresar  se  presumir&  cuando  la  per- 
sona naturalizada  resida  en  el  pais  de  su  origen  por  mfis  de  dos  aflos. 
Pero  esta  presuncion  podr4  ser  destruida  por  prueba  en  contrario. 

^'Art.  III.  Esta  con venci6n  se  declarar&  vigente  en  los  paises  que 
la  ratifiquen  trcs  meses  dcspufe  de  la  fecha  en  que  comuniquen  dicha 
ratificaci6n  al  Gobicmo  do  los  Estados  Unidos  del  Brasil;  y  si  fuere 
denunciada  por  cualquiera  de  ellos,  contiuuarfi,  en  vigencia  un  afio 
nuts,  d  contar  desdo  la  fecha  de  dicha  denuncia. 

'^\rt.  IV.  La  denuncia  de  esta  convenci6n  por  cualquiera  de  los 
Estados  signatarios,  so  hard  ante  el  Gobierno  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
dol  Brasil,  y  s61o  surtira  efecto  rospecto  del  pais  que  la  hiciore." 

DISTANCLAS  B.ELATIVAS  ENTBE  LOS  PXTEB.TOS  DEL  ATLANTIOO  T 
DEL  PACfFICO  FOB.  TIEB.B.A  Y  FOB  XAB. 

SogCm  las  cifras  compiladas  por  la  Oficina  de  Elstadfstica  de  los 
Estados  Unidos,  las  diferontes  distancias  que  hay  entre  Nueva  York  y 
San  Francisco  son  las  siguientes:  Por  tierra  hay  3,191  millas;  por  la 


Mixioo.  438 

via  de  Tohuantepec  hay  4,415  millas ;  por  la  via  de  Panama  hay  5,305 
millas,  y  por  el  Estrecho  de  Magallanes  hay  13,089.  De  Nueva  York 
k  Puerto  Townsend  directamente  hay  una  distancia  de  3,199  millas; 
por  la  via  de  Tehuantepec  hay  5,190  millas;  por  la  via  de  PanamA 
hay  6,080  millas,  y  por  el  Estrecho  de  Magallanes  hay  13,848  millas. 
De  Nueva  York  &  HonoluW  directamente,  por  la  via  de  San  Francisco, 
hay  ama  distancia  de  5,288  millas;  por  la  via  del  Puerto  Townsend 
hay  5,569  millas;  por  la  de  Tehuantepec  hay  5,806  millas;  por  la  de 
Panam&hay  6,686  millas,  y  por  el  Estrecho  de  Magallanes  hay  13,269 
millas. 

LA    PBODUCCldN    DE    LANA    EN    1907. 

Segdn  c4lculos  publicados  por  la  Asociaci6n  Nacional  de  Fabri- 
cantes  de  Lana,  la  producci6n  de  dicho  artfculo  en  los  Estados  Unidos 
durante  el  aflo  de  1907  fu6  de  298,294,750  libras,  por  valor  de  $78,- 
263,165.  La  producci6n  de  1906  fu6  de  298,915,130  libras,  valoradas 
en  $79,721,383.  El  nilmero  de  ovejas  en  estado  de  ser  equiladas  est& 
calculado  en  38,864,932,  en  comparaci6n  con  38,540,798  en  1906. 


MJfiXICO. 

GOMBBCIO     EXTEBIOB     DUBANTE     LOS     CUATBO     PBIMEBOS 
MESES    DE    1907-8. 

Seg6n  datos  publicados  por  la  secci6n  de  estadistica  del  Departa- 
mento  de  Hacienda  y  Cr^dito  Publico  de  la  Reptiblica  Mexicana,  el 
valor  de  las  importaciones  durante  los  cuatro  primeros  meses  de 
1907-8  (Julio  k  octubre  de  1907),  ascendi6  k  $82,798,007.66  en  moneda 
mexicana,  suma  que,  comparada  con  la  de  $68,374,700.19  en  que 
estuvieron  avaluadas  las  del  mismo  periodo  del  ejercicio  anterior, 
demuestra  un  aumento  de  $14,423,307.47  en  favor  del  corriente.  El 
valor  de  las  importaciones  que  se  hicieron  durante  el  mes  de  octubre 
de  1907  fu6  de  $21,890,617.23,  que  en  comparaci6n  con  $18,282,732.61 
del  mismo  mes  de  1906,  representa  un  aumento  de  $3,607,884.62. 

Las  exportaciones  estuvieron  avaluadas  en  la  cantidad  de 
$86,373,450.26  en  moneda  mexicana,  que  arroja  un  aumento  do 
$13,604,458.35,  comparada  con  la  de  $72,768,991.01  a  que  ascendio 
el  valor  de  las  despachadas  durante  los  mismo  meses  de  1906-7. 
Los  productos  que  se  exportaron  durante  el  mes  de  octubre  de  1907 
representaron  un  valor  do  $21,568,413.86,  comparado  con  el 
$19,001,191.17  de  las  exportaciones  del  mismo  mes  de  1906,  es 
decir,  un  aumento  do  $2,567,222.69. 

2903»— BuU.  2--08 13 


484    OFIOINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEP^LIGAS  AMERICAN  AS. 

BENTAS  ADUANEBAS  DEL  PBIMEB  SEMESTBE  DE  10O7-8. 

Segtin  datos  oficiales  publicados  recientemente,  las  aduanas  de 
la  Reptiblica  de  Mexico  recaudaron  durante  le  primer  semestre  de 
1907-8  las  cantidades  que  se  expresan  en  el  cuadro  que  se  publica  k 
continuaci6n,  d&ndose  tambi6n  las  cifras  correspondientes  al  mismo 
perlodo  de  1906-7: 

Primer  semestre  del  afio— 


1907-«.  1906-7 


Derochos  de  importacidn . 
Derechos  do  oxportaci6n. . 
Derechos  de  puerto 

Total 


Petot. 
28,323,702.28 
476,19S.06 
601,838.66 


20,401,82&g8 


Pesof. 
24,757,267.06 
624,240.70 
610,84L31 


25,801,340.00 


BASE  EN  PLATA  DE  LOS  IMPXTESTOS  DE  TIMBBB  Y  ADUANA  EN 

FEBBEBO  DE  1908. 

La  circular  que  publica  mensualmente  el  Departamento  de  Ha- 
cienda y  Cr^dito  Ptiblico  de  Mexico  anuncia  que  el  precio  legal  por 
kilogramo  do  plata  pura  durante  el  mes  de  febrero  de  1908  ser&  de 
$35.90,  con  arreglo  k  los  cfi,lculos  liechos  de  acuerdo  con  el  decreto 
de  25  do  marzo  de  1905.  Este  precio  servir&  de  base  piura  calcular 
el  impuesto  de  timbre  y  los  derechos  de  aduanas. 

EL  CULTIVO  DEL  ALGODdN  Y  LA  FABBICACldN  DE  ABTlCTTLOS  DE 

ALGODdN. 

Segiin  las  cifras  que  se  publicaron  recientemente,  el  repartimiento 
de  la  c()ntribuci6n  de  renta  interna  que  se  impondr&  &  las  diferentes 
fabricas  de  hilaza  y  tejidos  de  algod6n  en  toda  la  Reptiblica  para  el 
semestre  quo  tormina  en  junio  de  1908,  ascender^,  en  globo,  i 
1,280,60<S  pesos,  que  equivalen  aproximadamente  &  $640,304  en 
monoda  americana. 

El  Sr.  A.  L.  ^I.  GoTTSCHALK,  C6nsul  General  de  los  Estados  I'nidos 
en  la  Ciudad  do  Mexico,  anuncia  que  una  de  las  industrias  mexicanas 
mds  j)roductivas  y  al  mismo  tiempo  mejor  desarroUadas  es  la  fabri- 
caci6n  de  hilaza  y  tejidos  de  algodon. 

La  produccion  actual  en  al  distrito  de  Laguna  s61o  representa  i  n 
50  i)er  ciento  de  la  del  afio  de  1906-7,  y  el  abastecimiento  total  del 
algodon  domestico  no  sera  suficiente  para  satisfacer  las  exigencias- 
de  las  fabricas  mexicanas  en  1908,  hasta  que  se  recoja  la  cosecha  en 
el  otoilo. 

Es  j)robable  que  se  requieran  de  25,000  &  30,000  de  pacas  antes 
del  1"  do  septiombre  de  1908,  cantidad  que  ha  de  depender  del  con- 
sumo  de  las  fabricas.  Es  probable  que  este  consumo  sea  un  tanto 
menor  que  el  do  la  e^tacion  anterior,  k  causa  de  dos  hechos,  &  saber: 


Mixioo.  486 

El  estado  poco  satisfactorio  que  prevalece  en  las  f&bricas,  que  da 
por  resultado  menos  horas  de  trabajo  y  menor  producto  de  las  m&- 
quinas,  y  una  nueva  disminuci6n  en  el  algod6n  en  rama  que  se  usa, 
debido  &  la  proporci6n  levemente  aumentada  de  hilazas  mds  finas 
que  disminuye  el  consumo  por  cada  huso.  En  1906-7  el  consume 
ascendi6  come  &  155,000  pacas  de  500  libras  cada  una. 

En  la  actualidad  las  verdaderas  condiciones  son  justamente  lo  con- 
trario  de  lo  que  fueron  hace  un  afLo.  Entonces  se  recogi6  la  cosecha 
m6s  grande  que  hasta  esa  fecha  se  habfa  hecho,  6  sean  170,000  pacas, 
como  c&lculo  seguro,  de  las  cuales  se  exportaron  mds  de  50,000  pacas 
&  Europa. 

KEBCAKClAS  DB  LOS  BSTADOS   XTNIDOS  TBANSPOBTADAS  POB 
Bli  FBBBOCABBIL  DB  TBHUANTBPBC  BN  1907. 

En  1907  el  valor  total  de  las  mercancias  transportadas  de  los 
puertos  del  este  &  los  del  oeste,  y  vice-versa,  por  la  nueva  linea  trans- 
istmiana  de  Tehuantepec,  fu6  como  de  825,000,000  k  $30,000,000. 
En  el  primer  trimestre  del  ailo  de  referenda  el  valor  de  las  mer- 
cancias transportadas  de  los  puertos  orientales  de  los  Estados 
Unidos  &  trav6s  de  la  linea  de  Tehuantepec  hasta  el  Pacifico,  segun 
los  informes  remitidos  d  la  Oficina  de  Estadistica  del  Departamento 
de  Comercio  y  Trabajo,  ascendi6  k  $1,333,000;  en  el  segimdo  trimestre 
ascendi6  &  m6s  de  $4,000,000;  en  el  tercer  trimestre  ascendi6  d  mds 
de  $4,000,000,  y  en  el  cuarto  trimestre  ascendi6  aproximadamente 
k  $4,000,000.  Los  embarques  que  se  hicieron  hacia  el  este  por  la  via  de 
Tehuantepec,  consistieron  mayormente  de  aztjcar  de  las  Islas  Hawai, 
puesto  que  los  remitentes  de  dicho  artlculo  procedentes  de  las  ex- 
presadas  islas  han  abandonado  la  via  del  Cabo  de  Ilomos,  y  envlan 
por  la  via  de  Tehuantepec  todo  el  azticar  que  va  d  los  puertos  de  la 
costa  oriental  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  En  el  primer  trimestre  del 
aflo  de  referencia,  el  valor  de  los  embarques  do  aziicar  de  Hawai 
por  la  via  de  Tehuantepec,  con  destino  d  los  puertos  orientales  de 
los  Estados  Unidos,  principalmente  d  Filadelfia  y  Nueva  York, 
ascendi6  d  cerca  de  $2,000,000;  en  el  segimdo  trimestre  ascendio  d 
$3,500,000;  en  el  tercer  trimestre  ascendi6  d  mds  de  So,0()0,0()0,  y 
en  el  cuarto  trimestre  ascendi6  aproximadamente  a  $5,000,000. 

El  curso  que  siguen  los  buques  que  conducen  el  azticar  const ituye 
una  linea  triangular,  puesto  que  en  la  estaci6n  de  la  zafra  van  direc- 
tamente  de  Hawai  al  t^rmino  occidental  del  ferrocarril,  y  despu^s 
de  descargar  su  cargamento,  desdc  alii  se  dirigen  hacia  el  norte  por 
la  costa  occidental  de  los  Estados  Unidos  d  San  Francisco,  y  en  algunos 
casos  se  remontan  hacia  el  norte  hasta  los  puertos  de  Puget  Sound, 
y  desde  alii  d  Hawai,  donde  vuelven  d  cargar  y  van  directamente  al 
pueito  de  Tehuantepec  durante  la  zafra,  y  otras  veces  d  San  Francisco, 


486    OFICINA  INTBRNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBIOAKAS. 

y  desde  alii  por  la  costa  hasta  el  puerto  de  Tehuantepec.  La  distan- 
cia  que  el  azticar  procedente  de  Hawai  viaja  para  llegar  &  Nueva 
York  por  la  via  de  Tehuantepec,  asciende  k  5,806  millas,  contra 
12,269  millas  que  viajaba  antes,  enteramente  por  mar,  por  la  via  del 
Cabo  de  Homos.  La  mauguraci6n  de  esta  nueva  linea  transconti- 
nental ha  redundado  en  beneiicio  de  las  industrias  de  los  Estados 
Unidos,  no  s61o  por  los  abastecimientos  de  materiales  que  fueron 
necesarios  para  la  construcci6n  de  aqu^lla,  sino  tambi^n  con  motive 
de  su  operaci6n  diaria,  puesto  que  las  locomotoras  se  hacen  fun- 
cionar  con  petr61eo  extraido  de  los  campos  de  aceite  de  Tejas,  per 
uiks  que  se  espera  que  en  el  inmediato  porvenir  este  combustible 
lo  suministren  los  campos  de  aceite  de  Mexico  que  quedan  adyacentes 
al  Ferrocarril  de  Tehuantepec.  En  1907,  que  fu6  el  primer  afio  en 
que  dicha  linea  oper6,  la  cantidad  de  carga  transportada  por  dicha 
nueva  linea  se  calcul6  en  inks  de  600,000  toneladas.  Didho  ferro- 
carril empalma  con  otras  lineas  que  lo  conectan  con  el  Ferrocarril 
de  Veracruz  y  la  Ciudad  de  Mexico,  proporciontodole  asi  una  co- 
municaci6n  directa  por  ferrocarril  con  las  lineas  de  M6xico  y  los  Esta- 
dos Unidos.  Todas  las  mercancias  procedentes  de  cualquier  puerto 
de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  que  atraviesan  k  M6xico  por  la  linea  de  Te- 
huantepec, se  envian  k  trav6s  del  Istmo  en  carros  cerrados  y  se  les 
permite  entrar  otra  vez  libres  de  derechos  al  llegar  k  cualquier  otro 
puerto  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  El  Gobiemo  Mexicano  mantiene  una 
fuerza  considerable  de  soldados  en  ambos  extremes  de  la  linea,  con 
el  fin  de  evitar  ciue  las  mercancias  procedentes  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
y  que  entran  para  los  fines  del  transporte  k  travfe  del  Istmo,  sean 
introducidas  clandestinamente  en  Mexico  sin  pagar  derechos,  en  tanto 
que  el  Gobicrno  de  los  Estados  Unidos  tambi^n  tiene  un  agente  en 
ambos  extremes  de  la  linea  cuva  misi6n  es  impedir  que  los  produetos 
mexicanos  se  incluyan  con  los  de  los  Estados  Unidos  que  cruzan  el 
Istmo  y  puedan  asl  introducirse  en  este  pais  libres  de  derechos  como 
produetos  de  los  Estados  Unidos. 

Ijos  muellos  do  acero  niodernos  que  se  han  construido  en  los  ex- 
tremes oriental  y  occidental,  hacen  posible  el  transporte  por  fuerza 
de  vapor  y  electrica  de  las  mercancias  desde  la  bodega  del  buque 
directamente  al  carro  que  espera  en  el  niuelle  k  lo  largo  del  buque, 
asi  como  el  traslado  del  carro  al  bu<iue  de  id^ntica  manera.  El 
tiempo  ([ue  se  invicTte  en  hacer  los  embarques-&  trav6s  del  Istmo  no 
Uega  a  24  horas,  y  todo  el  tiempo  que  se  invierte  en  efectuar  el  tras- 
lado de  la  ])odega  de  un  buque  a  la  do  otro,  no  llega  k  48  floras.  Las 
lineas  de  vapores  esta])lecidas  en  la  actualidad  hacen  la  travesia 
con  regularidad  de  Coatzacoalcos,  en  el  extreme  del  Golfe,  &  Fila- 
delfia  y  Nueva  York,  y  entre  Salina  Cruz,  en  el  extreme  del  Pacifico, 
hasta  los  puertos  oc<»identales  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  Hawaf,  en 
tanto  que  varias  lineas  (jue  conectan  con  paises  extranjeros  tambiin 
hacen  escala  en  los  t6rminos  oT\eivla\  y  ocddental. 


Mixioo.  437 

Este  repentino  j  gran  aumcnto  en  la  comimicaci6n  entre  los 
puertos  del  Atl&ntico  y  del  Pacfcfico,  por  la  via  de  la  angosta  tira  de 
terreno  que  separa  dichos  oc6anos,  se  debe  principalmente  al  hecho 
de  haberse  inaugurado  k  principios  de  1907  el  Ferrocarril  de  Tehuan- 
tepee  que  conecta  las  aguas  de  ambos  oc6anos  mediante  una  llnea 
terrestie  que  s61o  tiene  190  millas  de  longitud,  cuyoa  t^rminos  por 
el  Atl&ntico  6  lado  del  Golfo  de  Mexico  es  Coatzacoalcos,  y  Salina 
Cruz  en  la  costa  del  Pacffico.  Este  plan  de  conectar  los  .dos  oc6anos 
por  esta  corta  linea  terrestre,  cuya  longitud  no  llega  &  200  millas,  se 
ide6  antes  de  que  en  los  Estados  Unidos  se  constniyese  el  primer 
Ferrocarril  Transcontinental,  por  cuanto  la  primera  concesi6n  para 
la  construcci6n  de  dicha  via  la  hizo  el  Gobiemo  Mexicano  en  1857. 
Como  quiera  que  esta  y  otras  concesiones  posteriores  no  dieron  el 
resultado  que  se  esperaba,  en  1892  el  Gobiemo  Mexicano  se  hizo 
cargo  de  dicha  construcci6n,  y  al  efecto  celebr6  una  serie  de  con- 
tratos  con  arreglo  &  los  cuales  en  1894  se  termin6  ima  linea  de  oc6ano 
&  oc^ano;  pero  debido  &  sus  condiciones  defectuosas,  se  hizo  necesario 
reconstruirla,  y  esto  se  efectu6  mediante  un  arreglo  celebrado  entre 
el  Gobiemo  Mexicano  y  ima  compania  inglesa,  habi^ndosc  inaugurado 
re'almente  dicha  linea  en  enero  de  1907. 

EMBABQXTES  DE   HENEQTT^N   EN    1907. 

Los  embarques  de  henequ6n  por  los  puertos  yucatecos  de  Progreso 
y  Campeche  en  1907  ascendieron  k  652,188  pacas,  en  comparaci6n 
con  626,785  pacas  en  el  aflo  anterior. 

Por  el  puerto  de  Progreso  se  hace  la  mayor  parte  de  las  exporta- 
ciones  de  esta  fibra,  habi6ndose  embarcado  113,747  pacas,  en  tan  to 
que  por  el  de  Campeche  se  exportaron  2,500  pacas. 

Los  Estados  Unidos  fueron  los  principales  compradores  de  las 
exportaciones  que  se  hicieron,  es  decir,  compraron  590,923  pacas. 
Los  dem&s  paises  compraron  en  el  orden  siguiente : 

Pacas.  I'acas. 

Canada 45,800     Italia 275 

Cuba 8,282  j  Espafia 185 

Inglaterra 4,  245  !  Austria 120 

B^lgica 1,  253     Rusia 7 

Alemania 681  ;  Ropublica  Arprntina 4 

Francia 350  i  Brazil 3 

INFOB.MES  CONSULAB.es. 

El  C6nsul  Mexicano  en  Nueva  York  aiiuncia  que  en  el  mes  de 
noviembre  de  1907,  al  puerto  de  dicha  ciudad  llegaron  10  buques 
procedentes  de^  puertos  mexicanos,  conduciendo  59,263  bultos  de 
mercancias.  Diu-ante  el  misnio  mes,  del  j)uerto  de  Nueva  York 
salieron  14  buques  con  destino  4  puertos  mexicanos,  conduciendo 
122,255  fardos  de  mercancias. 


488    OFIOINA  INTEBNAOIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPtlBLIOAS  AMEBICANAS. 

En  diciembre  del  mismo  aflo,  en  el  puerto  de  Nueva  York  entraron 
trece  buques  procedentes  de  puertos  mexicanos,  conduciendo  116,185 
f ardos  de  mercanclas.  Durante  el  mismo  mes,  del  puerto  de  Nueva 
York  salieron  15  buques,  conduciendo  117,229  fardos  de  mercancias 
con  destino  k  puertos  mexicanos. 

Los  productos  procedentes  de  Mexico  consistieron  de  materiales 
textiles,  cueros,  caf6,  goma,  minerales  y  articulos  diversos,  en  tanto 
que  los  que  se  embarcaron  para  Mexico,  consistieron  mayonnente  de 
maquinaria  y  articulos  f  abricados. 

El  Consul  Mexicano  en  Filadelfia  animcia  que  durante  los  meses  de 
octubre,  noviombre  y  diciembre  de  1907,  se  enviaron  de  dicha  ciudad 
mercanclas  con  destino  d  puertos  mexicanos  por  valor  de  $130,987.18, 
$91,935.68  y  $97,956.12,  respectivamente.  Dichos  embarques  con- 
sistieron de  carb6n,  petr6leo  y  p6lvora. 

El  C6nsul  Mexicano  en  Nogales,  Arizona,  anuncia  que  en  noviem- 
bre  de  1907  las  exportaciones  de  productos  mexicanos  &  los  Estados 
Unidos  por  el  puerto  de  Nogales  representaron  im  valor  total  de 
$154,537.  Las  importaciones  que  Mexico  hizo  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
en  noviembre  do  1907,  por  el  expresado  puerto,  se  valuaron  en 
$569,233.72,  y  de  dichas  importaciones  una  cantidad  de  mercanclas 
valuadas  en  $68,501.86  procedieron  de  otros  palsesy  no  de  los  Elsta- 
dos  Unidos. 

ASIGNACIONES  DE  FONDOS  PABA  OBBAS  PtfBLICAS. 

Ademds  de  los  desembolsos  autorziados  previamente  para  efectuar 
mejoras  piiblicas  en  todos  los  fi,mbitos  de  la  Reptiblica  Mexicana,  el 
17  do  diciembre  de  1907  se  promulg6  un  decreto  del  Ejecutivo  que 
prescribe  una  asignacion  de  10,690,000  pesos,  que  equivalen  como  & 
$5,.*^45,000,  para  las  siguientes  cmpresas. 

Para  las  obras  de  puertos  en  Salina  Cruz  y  Coatzacoalcos,  ademilLs 
de  las  sumas  que  antes  se  habian  asignado  5,190,000  pesos,  que 
equivalen  a  $2,585,000;  1,500,000  pesos,  6  sean  $750,000,  para  la 
construcci6n  do  un  asilo;  1,000,000  de  pesos  ($500,000)  para  la 
construccion  de  un  (uliiicio  para  un  colegio,  y  adem&s  de  las  asigna- 
cionos  anterioros,  3,000,000  pesos  ($1,500,000),  para  el  abastecimiento 
do  agua  de  la  (^iudad  de  Mexico. 


NICARAGUA. 

NTJEVA  LEY  DE  AGBICTTIiTTJKA. 

Con  el  iin  de  foment ar  ])()r  todos  los  medios  posibles  los  ramos  de 

agricnltura  y  ganaderia,  considerados  como  la  principal  fuente  de 

riquezadel  pals,  el  Presidente  Zelaya,  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Nicaragua^ 

decreto  con  fecha   22  do  noviembre  de    1907  una  ley  que  dbpone 

la  creacion   de  un  consojo  superior,  juntas  y  comisiones  de   agri- 


panamI. 


439 


cultura  7  ganaderfa.  El  consejo,  que  constarA  de  cinco  miembros, 
tendr&  su  asiento  en  la  capital,  j  su  presidente  ser&  el  Ministro  de 
Fomento.  En  cada  departamento  y  en  las  comarcas  de  San  Juan 
del  Norte,  y  Cabo  de  Gracias  k  Dios,  habr&  una  junta  de  agricultura 
y  ganaderfa,  y  en  los  dem6s  pueblos  y  villas  de  la  Reptiblica  comi- 
siones  de  agricultura;  tanto  &3tas  como  aqu^llas  depender&n  del 
consejo  superior. 

La  ley  de  que  se  trata  consta  de  29  articulos  y  se  halla  dividida  en 
6  titulos,  el  primero  de  los  cuales  trata  de  la  creaci6n  ya  mencionada; 
el  segundo,  de  las  atribuciones  del  consejo  y  de  las  juntas  y  comi- 
siones;  el  tercero,  de  los  deberes  y  atribuciones  de  las  juntas  de- 
partamentales;  el  cuarto,  de  las  atribuciones  y  deberes  de  las  comi- 
siones;  el  quinto,  de  las  funciones  y  deberes  de  los  funcionarios  y 
miembros  de  los  susodichos  cuerpos,  y  el  sexto  contiene  disposiciones 
generales.  El  consejo  superior,  por  medio  de  los  c6nsules  de  la 
Reptiblica,  deber&  Uevar  k  cabo  en  el  extranjero  una  activa  pro- 
paganda en  favor  de  los  productos  agricolas  del  pals. 


PANAMA. 

LAS  BENTAS  NACIONALES  EN  1907. 

El  producto  de  las  rentas  nacionales  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Panama 
durante  el  afio  de  1907  ascendio  k  la  cantidad  de  $2,439,301.68,  que, 
en  comparaci6n  con  la  cantidad  presupuesta,  arroja  un  exceso  de 
$45,436.05.     Las  fuentes  de  ingreso  fueron  las  siguientes: 


Artfculos  gravadofl  con  el  10  por  ciento. 

Introduccidn  de  licores 

Impuesto^obre  tabaco  y  cigarrillos 

Impuesio  de  sal 

Impuesto  sobre  fdsforos 

Impuesto  sobre  cad^ 

Impueeto  sobre  importaci6n  de  opio 

Destilacidn  de  licores 

DegueUo  de  ganado  mayor  y  menor 

Correos  nacionales 

Patentes  y  mareas  de  f^brica 

Dere^hos  sobre  minas 

Papel  seUado  y  timbre 

Derecho  de  registro 

Derecho  de  exportaci6n 

Inrauebles  y  semovientes 

Loterla  de  Panami 

Pesca  de  concha  madre  perla 

Bienes  nacionales . : 

Dereehos  consulares 

Faros. 


1906. 


1503,657.20 
317,078.48 
45,847.70 
4,664.81 
11,990.68 
11,533.47 


Tel6grafos  nacionales 

Ingresos  varios 

Encomiendas  postales 

Casas  de  cambio 

Venta  de  licores  al  por  menor. 

Lotes  de  baja  mar 

ImportacMn  de  ganado 

Mercado  pAblico 

Ifortuoriaa 

Inti 


Total 2,439,301.68 


1907. 


$757,984.90 

438,299.10 

205,478.83 

7,669.40 

19,503.38 

27.412.76 

3,183..'>5 

10,875.-57 

25,441.87 

127,59:^.77 

63,420.95 

1,79.').  00 

2,629.65 

51,197.44 

6,078.17 

43,083.79 

39. 152. 42 

63,000.00 

600.00 

9,718.02 

80,518.13 

3,. 5.^63 

,'>.9.'>5.22 

22,118.23 

8,971.02 

5,  ,597. 50 

84,829.50 

425.00 

16,841.50 

2,252.03 

294,000.00 


440    OFICINA  INTEBNAGIONAL  BE  LAS  BEP^BUCAS  AHEBICAKA8. 

MEBCANClAS  BE  LOS  ESTAD08  XJKLDOB  TBAK8PO&TADA8  FOB  SL 
FEBBOCABBIL  DB  PAKAICA. 

En  1907  el  valor  de  las  iiiercancfas  procedentes  de  puertos  de  loB 
Estados  Unidos  y  c^iie  se  embarcaron  por  el  Ferrocarril  de  Panam& 
k  otras  partes  de  los  Estados  Unidos  6  &  paises  extranjeros,  fu6  de 
$12,000,000  &  $15,000,000.  Las  mercancias  que  se  enviaron  de 
Nueva  York  k  puertos  del  oeste  de  los  Estados  Unidos  se  valuaron 
aproximadamente  en  $4,000,000,  y  las  que  se  embarcaron  de  Nueva 
York  d  los  paises  de  la  America  Central  y  del  Sur,  en  la  costa  del  Paci- 
fico,  se  valuaron  como  en  $7,000,000,  en  tanto  que  el  valor  de  las  que 
se  onviaron  de  San  Francisco  k  los  puertos  del  este  de  los  Estados 
.Unidos  asc^ndio  como  k  $2,000,000  k  $3,000,000.  Los  embarques  de 
mercancias  de  Nueva  Y^ork  via  Panam&  k  los  puertos  de  la  Costa  Occi- 
dental de  los  Estados  Unidos  fueron  distribuidos  en  los  siguientes 
puntos:  San  Diogo,  Santa  B&rbara,  Los  Angeles,  Oakland,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Portland,  Seattle  y  Spokane,  y  las  que  se  enviaron  k  paises 
extranjeros  por  dicha  via  fueron  k  Chile,  Perfl,  Ecuador,  Bolivia, 
Colombia,  Panama,  Costa  Rica,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Guatemala, 
Mexico  y  los  puertos  de  la  Colombia  Brittoica  del  Canada.  Estos 
articulos  comprenden  prfi,cticamente  toda  clase  de  mercancias,  pero 
especialmente  camos,  harina,  g6neros  de  algod6n,  aceite  mineral, 
macjuinaria  para  minas,  artef  actos  de  hierro  y  acero,  y  artefactos  diver- 
SOS.  Jjos  embarques  que  se  liicieron  de  San  Francisco  por  la  via  de 
Panama  a  los  puertos  orientales,  se  enviaron  k  Tampa,  Filadalfia, 
Nueva  York,  New  Haven  y  Boston,  y  consistieron  de  vinos,  plomo  en 
Unvotes,  azogue,  cueros,  pieles  y  mercancias  diversas. 


PERtr. 

LA  ''PEBTJVIAN  CORPORATION"  EN  1906-7. 

La  Junta  Directiva  de  la  Permian  Carporatiorij  de  la  Reptiblica 
peruana,  manifiesta  en  su  ultimo  infomie  que  las  cuentas  del  afto 
que  termino  el  30  de  junio  de  1907,  demuestran  una  ganancia  de 
£256,345,  despufo  de  deducidos  los  gastos  ordinarios  y  los  intereses 
de  los  bonos  de  4  por  ciento.  I^a  jimta  propone:  (1)  Colocar  la 
suma  de  £50,000  en  el  foudo  de  reserva,  haciendo  un  total  de  £525,00,0; 
(2)  subir  el  interfe  de  los  bonos  durante  el  afio  a  6  por  ciento,  pagando 
un  interns  adicional  de  2  por  ciento  en  el  1  de  abril  de  1908;  (3) 
pagar,  en  el  21  de  enero  de  1908,  un  dividendo  de  IJ  por  ciento  sobre 
las  acciones  de  preferencia  de  la  corporacion,  lo  cual  absorver& 
£111,692;  (4)  apartar  la  suma  de  £4,710  para  la  cuenta  de  coloniza- 
cion,  la  de  £26,871  para  el  pago  de  reclamaciones  por  servicios  ferro- 
viarios  cancelados  por  el  acuerdo  hecho  recientemente  con  el  Gobiemo 


URUGUAY.  441 

» 

peruanoy  y  la  £4,000  para  el  fondo  de  seguros  de  los  vapores  del  Lago. 
E^ta  repartici6n  requerird,^  adem&s  de  la  ganancia  mencionada,  la 
suma  de  £14,929  del  saldo  de  las  rentas  netas  del  afio  anterior  al  de 
referenda. 


SALVADOR. 

LA  BZPOBTACldN  EN  EL  PB.IMEB  SBMESTBE  DE  1907. 

Segtln  las  tiltimas  estadlsticas  recibidas  de  la  Kepilblica  de  El 
Salvador,  las  exportaciones  durante  el  primer  semestre  de  1907 
tuvieron  un  peso  total  de  60,079,904  libras,  por  valor  de  11,285,531.03 
pesos.  El  articulo  que  se  export6  en  mayor  cantidad  fu6  el  caf6,  por 
valor  de  8,739,259.50  pesos,  sigui6ndole  el  azticar  y  el  bdlsamo. 
Entre  los  palses  que  recibieron  dichas  exportaciones,  los  Estados 
Unidos  se  hallan  k  la  cabeza  con  3,543,438.83  pesos;  siguenle :  Francia, 
con  2,339,233.03  pesos;  Alemania,  con  1,802,289.13  pesos,  6  Italia  con 
1,479,214.01  pesos. 

JCOVnOBNTO  MABfTIMO  EN  EL  PBIMEB  SEMESTBE  DE  1907. 

Segthi  los  ultimos  datos  oficiales  recientemente  recibidos  del 
Salvador,  el  movimiento  marftimo  en  los  puertos  de  la  Reptiblica 
durante  el  primer  semestre  de  1907  fu6  como  sigue: 

Entradas — 216  vapores  y  75  veleros,  con  13,313  hombres  de 
tripulaci6n,  15,648  toneladas  de  carga,  1,747  pasajeros  y  392  cajas, 
2,559  sacos  y  337  paquetes  de  correspondencia;  salidas  el  mismo 
ntimero  de  vapores  y  veleros,  con  343,116  bultos  de  productos  del 
pals,  1,551  pasajeros  y  376  cajas,  844  sacos  y  491  paquetes  de 
correspondencia. 

BENTAS  ADUANEBAS  EN  EL  PBIMEB  SEMESTBE  DE  1907. 

Las  aduanas  de  la  Republica  del  Salvador  recaudaron  durante  el 
primer  semestre  del  afio  1907  una  renta  total  de  2,880,388.44  pesos, 
de  cuya  cantidad  corresponden  &  derechos  de  importaci6n  2,280,144.82 
pesos,  &  derechos  de  exportaci6n,  564,586.22  pesos,  y  el  resto  a 
varios  ingresos.  Comparando  el  total  general  con  el  de  igual  perlodo 
de  1906,  se  observa  una  disminuci6n  de  354,382.25  pesos. 


URUGUAY. 

LA  COSECHA  DE  CEBEALES  T  LINO  EN  1906-7. 

El  Depart  anient  o  de  Ganaderfa  y  Agricultura  de  la  Reptiblica  del 
Uruguay  public6  en  el  mes  de  diciembre  de  1907,  los  datos  estadis- 
ticos  de  la  cosecha  de  cereales  y  lino  correspondiente  al  afio  agricola 


442    OFICINA  INTEBNAGIONAL  DE  LAS  BEF^BUCAS  AMEBI0AKA8. 

• 

de  1906-7.  Segtin  dichas  estadfsticas,  las  hect&reas  cultivadas 
fueron:  Con  trigo,  252,258;  con  lino,  23,529;  con  avena,  135,944; 
con  cebada,  1,883;  con  alpiste,  2,556,  y  con  maiz,  212,154.  Los  kilo- 
gramos  senibrados  en  el  mencionado  afto  en  todo  el  pais  fueron: 
Trigo,  17,824,934;  lino,  954,141;  avena,  135,944;  cebada,  129,652; 
alpiste,  84,790,  y  maiz,  2,661,355.  Los  kilogramos  cosechados 
fueron:  Trigo,  186,884,422;  lino,  21,930,704;  avena,  1,752,247; 
cpbada,  1,576,213;  alpiste,  1,638,182,  y  maiz,  136,136,240.  El  ren- 
dimiento  medio  por  hectdrea  fu6  de:  Trigo,  740  kilogramos;  lino,  742 
kilogramos,  y  mafz,  641  kilogramos. 

BENTA  DE  ADUANA  EN  ONCE  MESE8  DB  1907. 

La  renta  de  aduana  uruguaya  en  el  mes  de  noviembie  de  1907 
ascendio  k  8922,723,  lo  cual  demuestra  una  disminuci6n  de  $23,099, 
en  comj)araci6n  con  el  mismo  mes  de  1906.  Sin  embai^o,  en  los 
once  meses  que  terminaron  en  noviembre,  el  total  de  dicha  renta 
ascendio  k  $12,194,596,  en  comparaci6n  con  $11,952,463,  en  el 
perfodo  correspond ien to  del  aflo  anterior.  El  mes  de  diciembre 
di6  muestras  de  una  creciente  actividad  en  los  negocios  en  toda  la 
Repilblica,  y  sogiln  cdlculo  que  se  ha  hecho,  los  ingresos  ascender&Q 
&  una  cantidad  (*asi  igual  &  la  que  so  anunci6  que  correspondfa  al  mes 
de  noviembre,  y  en  tal  caso,  la  renta  de  aduana  en  el  afio  de  referen- 
cia  ascendera  d  $13,000,000  cantidad,  que  representa  un  aumento 
considerable  res])ecto  de  1006. 

BEBAJA  EN  LOS  DEBECHOS  DB  FABOS. 

Con  arreglo  a  una  ley  promulgada  recientemente  en  la  Reptibli* 
ca  del  Uruguay,  la  ilnica  contribuci6n  que  por  el  servicio  de  faros 
el  Estado  ini])ondra  k  los  biiques  que  hacen  viajes  marftimos,  con- 
sist ira  de  :]  centavos  por  tonelada  de  registro,  cuando  se  trate  de 
buqucs  que  conduzcan  carga  solamente,  6  cai^a  y  pasajeros,  y  IJ 
c(»ntavos  d  los  buques  que  conduzcan  exclusivamente  pasajeros. 
Los  buques  que  se  dedican  al  coniercio  de  cabotaje  y  los  que  hacen 
oscalu  en  los  puertos  de  la  Republica  tSnicamente  para  hacer  carb6n, 
obtoner  provisionos,  toinar  un  prdctico  6  tripulaci6n,  esperar  instruc- 
ciones  de  sus  consignatarios  6  duefios  6  para  efectuar  reparaciones  en 
el  casco,  maquinaria  6  aparejo,  ostaran  exentos  de  esta  contribuci6n. 
Los  buques  que  terminan  su  viaje  en  Montevideo  y  que  salen  luegp  de 
diclio  puerto,  tambien  estarau  exentos  del  pago  de  dicha  contribuci6n. 
El  Ejecutivo  ha  sido  autorizado  para  hacer  un  gasto  de  $200,000  en 
las  reformas  de  los  faros  existentes,  la  constnicci6n  de  nuevos  faros 
y  la  conipra  de  remolcadores  para  el  servucio  de  faros,  debiendo 
tomarse  la  expresada  suma  del  sobrante  que  resulte  del  aflo  econ6- 
mico  de  1906-7. 


OFIOnSTA  nn?SBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEP^LICAS  AMEBICANAS.    448 

VENEZUELA. 

XODIFICACIONES  ABANCELlABIAS. 

El  Presidente  Castro,  de  la  Republica  de. Venezuela,  firnio  con 
fecha  19  de  diciembre  de  1907  el  decreto  cuva  parte  dispositiva  se 
da  &  continuaci6n  y  que  fii6  piiblicado  enla^'Gareta  Oficial  del 
mismo  d!a: 

"ARTicxn.o  1.  Desde  la  fecha  que  sefiala  para  el  venciniiento  de 
los  plazos  ultramarinos  cl  artfculo  225  de  la  Ley  XVI  del  Codigo  de 
Hacienda,  y  que  se  contarfi,  desde  hoy,  pagarto  los  efectos  expresados 
en  seguida  al  ser  importados  por  las  aduanas  de  la  Reptiblica,  los 
siguientes  derechos. : 

"El  m&rmol  en  bruto  sm  pulir  ni  labrar,  asi  como  los  ttimulos 
de  m&rmol  de  tercera  clase,  no  consider&ndose  como  parte  de  los  ttimu- 
los, las  lozas  6  baldosas  para  pa\dmentos  de  los  pantcones  que  pagardn 
el  derecho  de  cuarta  clase  como  'M&rmol  pulido  6  labrado/ 

"Los  libros  y  libretines  en  bianco,  qiiinta  clase. 

"Las  medicinas  secretas  6  patentadas  que  hayan  sido  debidamente 
exammadas  por  la  Junta  de  Examen  y  Clasificaci6n  de  Medicinas 
Secretas  y  de  Paten te,  quinta  clase. 

"Los  sobres  hechos  6  d  medio  hacer,  sexta  clase. 

"Las  zarazas,  nansti,  calicos,  cretonas,  carlancanes,  brillantinas, 
listados  finos  que  tongan  nids  dc  13  hilos  de  urdimbre  6  trania  en  un 
cuadro  de  5  milimetros,  popclinas,  malvinas,  jaj>onesa.s,  histrillos, 
percales  de  color,  semejante  d  las  indicadas,  y  no  mencionadas  en 
otras  clases,  como  el  merino  de  algod6n  y  la  franola  de  algod6n  do 
color,  sexta  clase. 

"Las  muselinas,  crespo  de  algod6n  de  color,  lino,  rengiio,  l)areje, 
granadinas,  organdfa,  c^firo,  clarin,  dulce  siieno,  tarlatiin,  imite, 
holan  batista,  balistilla  de  al<j:od6n  blanca  6  de  color,  lisa,  lahrada, 
calada  6  bordada  en  piozas  6  en  cortes  y  cualquiera  otra  t(»la  s<»nie- 
jante  k  las  anteriores  no  comprondidas  en  otras  clases,  soptinia  clase.'' 

BEGLAMBNTACldN   DE   LAS   LINEAS  TELEGBAfICAS  T 
TELEFdNICAS. 

Los  ntimeros  de  la  "Gaceta  Oficial"  de  Venezuela  del  20  y  23  de 
diciembre  de  1907,  contienen  los  textos  de  dos  decretos  del  Presidente 
jDAgTBOf  de  la  misma  fecha,  que  reglamentan  las  limMis  telegrafioas  de 
ptlblica  y  de  las  telefonicas  oficiales.     El  Decreto  del  20  de 
I  es  como  sigiie: 

1.  El,  estableciniiento  do  las  lineas  (eletrnificas  de  la 
^  -*  y  de  las  telef6nicas  oficiales  es  de  la  exchisiva  competencia 
-  Federal. 


442    OFICINA  INTEBNAGIONAL  DE  LAS  BEf6bUCA8  AMEBIOANAB. 

de  1906-7.  Segtin  dichas  estadfsticas,  las  hect&reas  cultivadaa 
fueron:  Con  trigo,  252,258;  con  lino,  23,529;  con  avena,  135,944; 
con  cebada,  1,883;  con  alpiste,  2,556,  y  con  maiz,  212,154.  Los  kilo- 
gramos  sembrados  en  el  mencionado  afto  en  todo  el  pais  fueron: 
Trigo,  17,824,934;  lino,  954,141;  avena,  135,944;  cebada,  129,652; 
alpiste,  84,790,  y  maiz,  2,661,355.  Los  kilogramos  cosechados 
fueron:  Trigo,  186,884,422;  lino,  21,930,704;  avena,  1,752,247; 
cebada,  1,576,213;  alpiste,  1,638,182,  y  maiz,  136,136,240.  El  ren- 
dimiento  medio  por  hectdrea  fu6  de:  Trigo,  740  kilogramos;  lino,  742 
kilogramos,  y  maiz,  641  kilogramos. 

BENTA  DE  ADUANA  EN  ONCE  MESE8  DE  1907. 

La  renta  de  aduana  uruguaya  en  el  mes  de  noviembre  de  1907 
ascendi6  k  S922,723,  lo  ciial  demiiestra  una  disminuci6n  de  $23,099, 
en  comparacion  con  el  mismo  mes  de  1906.  Sin  embai^o,  en  los 
once  meses  que  terminaron  en  noviembre,  el  total  de  dicha  renta 
ascendi6  k  812,194,596,  en  comparaci6n  con  $11,952,463,  en  el 
periodo  correspondiente  del  aflo  anterior.  El  mes  de  diciembre 
di6  muestras  de  una  creciente  actividad  en  los  negocios  en  toda  la 
Eepilblica,  y  segiln  calculo  que  se  ha  hecho,  los  ingresos  ascender&n 
d  una  cantidad  casi  igual  &  la  que  se  anunci6  que  correspondia  al  mes 
de  noviembre,  y  en  tal  caso,  la  renta  de  aduana  en  el  afio  de  referen- 
cia  ascender^  &  $13,000,000  cantidad,  que  representa  im  aumento 
considerable  respecto  de  1906. 

BEBAJA  EN  LOS  DEBECHOS  DE  FAJtOS. 

Con  arreglo  a  una  ley  promulgada  recientemente  en  la  Repdbli- 
ca  del  Uruguay,  la  unica  contribuci6n  que  por  el  servicio  de  faros 
el  Kstado  iinpondrd  d  los  buques  que  hacen  viajes  maritimos,  con- 
sist inl  do  l\  centavos  por  tonelada  de  registro,  cuando  se  trate  de 
l)Uc|ues  (juo  conduzcan  carga  solamente,  6  carga  y  pasajeros,  y  IJ 
(uMi(avi)s  a  Ids  buques  que  conduzcan  exclusivamente  pasajeros. 
Los  buques  que  so  <ledican  al  comercio  de  cabotaje  y  los  que  hacen 
escala  en  los  j)uert()s  de  la  Repiiblica  6nicamente  para  hacer  carb6n, 
obtener  j)r()visi()nos,  loinar  un  prdctico  6  tripulaci6n,  esperar  instruc- 
cion(\s  do  Hus  consignatarios  6  duenos  6  para  efectuar  reparaciones  en 
el  ciiHoo,  nuujiiinaria  6  aparojo,  estariin  exentos  de  esta  contribucion. 
LoH  ])ii({U0H  que  torminan  su  viaje  en  Montevideo  y  que  salen  luegp  de 
dicho  j)uort(),  tanibion  ostarau  exentos  del  pago  de  dicha  contribuci6n. 
El  Kj(>cutiv<)  ha  sido  autorizado  para  hacer  un  gasto  de  $200,000  en 
las  n^forinas  de  los  faros  existentes,  la  constnicci6n  de  nuevos  faros 
y  la  coinpra  de  remolcadores  para  el  servicio  de  faros,  debiendo 
tomarse  la  ox])resada  suma  del  sobrante  que  resulte  del  afio  econ6- 
mico  de  1906-7. 


OFIOnSTA  nn?SBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEP^LJOAS  AMEBICANAS.    448 

VENEZUELA. 

XODIFICACIONES  ABANCELlABIAS. 

El  Presidente  Castro,  de  la  Repdblica  de  Venezuela,  finno  con 
fecha  19  de  diciembre  de  1907  el  decreto  cuya  parte  dispositiva  se 
da  &  continuaci6n  y  que  fu6  publicado  onla'^Gacota  Ofieial  del 
mismo  dia: 

"Abticulo  1.  Desde  la  fecha  que  seiiala  para  el  vencimiento  de 
los  plazos  ultramarinos  el  articulo  225  de  la  Ley  XVI  del  Codigo  de 
Hacienda,  y  que  se  contard  desde  hoy,  pagarto  los  efectos  expresados 
en  seguida  al  ser  importados  por  las  aduanas  de  la  Reptiblica,  los 
siguientes  derechos. : 

"El  indrmol  en  bruto  sin  pulir  ni  labrar,  asf  como  los  ttimulos 
de  m&rmol  de  tercera  clase,  no  consider&ndose  como  parte  de  los  ttimu- 
los, las  lozas  6  baldosas  para  pa\dmentos  de  los  panteones  que  pagardn 
el  derecho  de  cuarta  clase  como  'M&rmol  pulido  6  labrado,' 

"Los  libros  y  libretines  en  bianco,  quinta  clase. 

"Las  medicinas  secretas  6  i)atentadas  que  hayan  sido  debidamente 
examinadas  por  la  Junta  de  Examen  y  ClasificaciCm  de  Medicinas 
Secretas  y  de  Patente,  quinta  clase. 

"Los  sobres  hechos  6  k  medio  hacer,  sexta  clase. 

"Las  zarazas,  nansii,  calicos,  cretonas,  carlancanes,  brillantinas, 
listados  finos  que  tengan  mas  de  13  hilos  de  urdimbre  6  trama  en  im 
cuadro  de  5  milimetros,  j>opelinas,  malvinas,  japonesas,  histrillos, 
percales  de  color,  semejante  (i  las  indica<las,  y  no  mencionadas  en 
otras  clases,  como  el  merino  de  algod^n  y  la  franela  de  algod6n  de 
color,  sexta  clase. 

"Las  muselinas,  crespo  de  algodon  de  color,  lino,  rengue,  bareje, 
granadinas,  organdia,  c/»firo,  clarin,  dulce  suefio,  tarlat&n,  imit6, 
holan  batista,  batistilla  do  algodon  blanca  6  de  color,  lisa,  lal)rada, 
calada  6  bonlada  en  piezas  6  en  cortes  y  cualquiera  otra  tela  seme- 
jante &  las  ant^riores  no  comprendidas  en  otras  clases,  s^»ptima  clase.'' 

BBGLAMBNTACldN  DE   LAS   lInEAS  TELEGBAfICAS   T 
TELEFdNICAS. 

Los  niimeros  de  la  "Gaceta  Ofieial"  de  Venezuela  del  20  y  23  de 

diciembre  de  1007,  ccmti(»nen  los  textos  de  dos  decretos  del  Presidente 

^Castro,  de  la  misma  fecha,  que  n^glamentan  las  linc^as  t(»legraficas  de 

la  Reptiblica  y  de  las  telef6ni<'as  oficiales.     El  Decreto  del  20  de 

diciembre  es  como  sigue: 

"Articulo  1.  El,  establecimiento  de  las  llneas  (elegraficas  de  la 
Naci6n  y  de  las  telefonicas  oficiales  es  de  la  exclusiva  competencia 
del  Ejecutiro  Federal. 


444    OFIOINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEP^LIOAS  AMEBICANA8. 

"Abt.  2.  Podr&n  tener  llneas  telegr&ficas  especiales,  t!inicamente 
para  su  propio  servicio^  las  compafifas  ferroviarias  que  se  establezcan 
en  la  Reptiblica,  siempre  que  obtengan  el  permiso  del  Gobiemo 
Federal,  sin  el  cual  no  podrto  construlrse  aqu^llas;  y  las  compaiilas 
ferroviarias  que  las  tengan  ya  establecidas  conforme  &  los  contratoe 
con  el  Ejecutivo  Federal  y  aprobados  por  el  Congreso  Nacional. 

"Art.  3.  Todo  lo  concemiente  k  la  administraci6n  y  servicio  de 
los  telegrafos  y  tel^fonos  nacionales,  asl  como  la  construcci6n  de 
nuevas  lineas,  y  la  reparaci6n  y  construcci6n  de  las  existentes,  queda 
sometido  &  la  jurisdicci6n  del  Ministerio  de  Fomento. 

"Art.  4.  Todos  los  habitantes  del  territorio  Yenezolano  tienen  el 
derecho  de  corresponderse  por  medio  de  los  tel6grafos  nacionales,  con 
sujeci6n  k  los  reglamentos  del  ramo. 

"Art.  5  Por  decreto  especial  se  reglamentar^  todo  lo  concer- 
niente  al  servicio,  administraci6n  y  contabilidad  de  los  tel6grafos 
nacionales  y  de  los  tel^fanos  oficiales. 

"Art.  6.  Se  derogan  las  leyes,  decretos  y  disposiciones  sobr? 
tel6grafos  y  tel6fonos  nacionales  que  regfan  hasta  la  fecha.'' 

El  decreto  especial,  mencionado  en  el  artlculo  5  del  anterior^ 
fechado  el  23  de  diciembre  de  1907,  pone  la  direcci6n  inmediata  de 
las  llneas  telegrfi,ficas  y  telef6nicas  k  cargo  de  un  Director  de  los 
Telegrafos  Nacionales,  dependiente  del  Ministerio  de  Fomento,  y 
dispone  la  mancra  en  que  se  construir&n  las  llneas,  la  divisi6n  de  las 
mismas,  la  clasificaci6n  de  las  oficinas  el  personal  de  empleados,  sus 
deberes,  la  tarifa,  la  contabilidad,  lafranquicia  telegr&fica,  y  contiene 
ademds  otras  disposiciones  disciplinarias,  penales,  generales  y  transi- 
torias.  Los  Estados  de  la  Uni6n  no  podrdn  constniir  Ifneas  telegrA- 
ficas  sin  previa  autorizaci6n  del  Ejecutivo  Federal. 


BOLETIM  MeNSAL 


DA 


Secretaria  Internacional  das  Republicas  AMERICANAS, 

UnlSo  Internacional  das  Republicas  Americanas. 


Vol.  XXVI.  FEVEREIRO  de  1908.  No.  2. 


(Muito8  doe  assumptos  commentados  na  sec^ilo  editorial  portugueza  do  Bolbtim, 
B&o  publicadoB  B6mente  em  inglcz  ou  hespanhol.) 


A  Quarta  Conferencia  Pan-Americana  realizar-se-ha  na  cidade  de 
Buenos  Aires,  a  capital  da  Republica  Argentina,  cm  1910.  Na 
reuni&o  mensal  ordinaria  do  Conselho  Director  da  Secretaria  Inter- 
nacional que  teve  lugar  em  5  de  fevereiro  de  1908,  a  mo^ao  indicando 
a  cidade  de  Buenos  Aires  para  a  sede  da  proxima  Conferencia  foi 
imanimemente  acceita.  A  escolha'  foi  recebida  com  sympathia  por 
todos  osrepresentantes  diplomaticos.  Compareceram  a  sessao  a  maior 
parte  dos  membros,  os  quaes  manifestaram  grande  interesse  pelos 
primeiros  passos  dados  para  a  proxima  reuniao  das  Republicas 
Americanas.  O  Conselho  Director  tem  empenho  em  fazer  que  as 
materias  que  hao  de  ser  submettidas  a  considera^ao  da  proxima  Con- 
ferencia sejam  bem  estudadas  de  modo  ciue  tenha  o  mesmo  exito 
que  tiveram  as  tres  Conferencias  anteriores,  realizadas  respectiva- 
mente  em  Washington,  Mexico  e  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Convem  que  a 
Conferencia  se  reuna  na  cidade  de  Buenos  Aires  em  1910,  porque  a 
Republica  Argentina  realizar4  nessa  data  uma  grande  exposi^ao 
nacional  para  commemorar  o  centonario  da  sua  indcpendencia,  ciue 
ser&  de  grande  interesse  a  toda  a  America,  e,  cortamente,  ha  de 
attrahir  grande  numero  de  pessoas  tanto  dos  Estados  Unidos,  como 
da  Europa. 

A  cidade  de  Buenos  ^Vires,  que  conta  1,140,000  habitantos  e  vae 
desenvolvendo-se  tao  rapidamente  como  ciualquer  ciihulo  dos  Estados 
Unidos,  com  excepvao  talvez  de  New  York  c  Chicago,  figura  entre 
as  principaes  capita<\s  (h)  mundo,  de  modo  que  sua  escolha  6  muito 
propicia  tanto  para  a  reaUza^ao  de  uma  Conferencia  Internacional 
como  para  uma  Exposi^ao  Internacional.  A  designa^ao,  com  tantos 
mezes  de  antecedencia,  do  lugar  e  da  data  para  a  proxima  Confe- 
rencia permitte  que  o  Governo  argentino  tenha  bastante  tempo  para 
fazer  os  preparativos,  e  ciue  o  Conselho  Director  elabore  o  programma 
para  as  suas  delibera^des. 

445 


446    SECBETABIA  INTEBNACIONAL  DAS  BEFUBUCAS  AMEBICANA8. 

CONVENgOES      E      BESOLUgOES      DA      TEBCEIBA      CONFEBENOIA      PAN- 

AMEBICANA. 

Foi  submettido  ao  Conselho  Director  em  sua  ultima  reuni&o,  um 
relatorio  importantissimo  relative  &s  convenpOes  e  resolu^Oes  que 
foram  assignadas  na  Terceira  Conferei^cia  Pan-Americana  do  Rio  de 
Janiero.  A  Commissao  para  esse  fim  compo^-se  dos  Srs.  J.  X. 
Legeb,  Ministro  de  Haiti;  Epifanio  Pobtela,  Ministro  da  Repu- 
blica  Argentina;  e  Felipe  Pabdo,  Ministro  do  Peru.  EssaCommiss&o 
teve  a  coopera^ao  do  Director  e  o  Secretario  da  Secretaria  no  pre- 
pare dos  dados.  O  relatorio  6  reproduzido  em  sua  Integra  neste 
numero  do  Boletim,  e  p5e  em  evidencia  a  actual  condip&o  das  reso- 
lu^des  adoptadas  pelas  tres  Conferencias.  Tambem  faz  ver  que 
varios  Govemos  ainda  nao  manifestaram  a  sua  attitude  a  respeito 
das  differentes  conven^Oes  e  resolu^oes.  A  Commiss&o  recommenda 
aos  membros  do  Conselho  Director  que  se  esforcem  para  que  os  sens 
respectivos  Govemos  tomem  em  considerac&o  essas  resolu^des  e  con- 
venues,  ratificando-as  ou  indicando  as  modifica^Ses  que  tenham  de 
ser  submettidas  d  considera^S^o  da  proxima  Conferencia.  Uma  das 
medidas  recommendadas  pela  CommissS^o  autoriza  o  Director  a 
estabelecer,  como  parte  integrante  da  Secretariat  uma  sec^&o  de 
estatistica  e  informa^oes  commerciaes.  A  Commiss&o  tambem  re- 
commenda c[ue  OS  (liversos  Govemos  providenciem  no  sentido  de  aug- 
ment ar  de  50  por  cento  suas  quotas  para  a  manutenp&o  da  Secre- 
taria, e  que  os  paizes  que  estao  atrazados  nas  quotas  com  que  con- 
tribuem,  nao  so  para  o  custeio  da  Secretaria,  como  para  a  constnic- 
cao  do  novo  edificio,  fa^am  sous  pa^amontos  com  a  maior  brevidade 
possivol,  afim  de  que  os  trabalhqs  da  Secretaria  nfto  sejam  preju- 
dicados  e  os  da  construc^ao  do  edificio  adiados,  por  falta  de  fundos. 


RELATORIO    ESPECIAL   DO   PROFESSOR   WILLIAM   B.  SHEPHERD. 

Neste  nuinoro  do  Boletim,  publicamos  o  substancioso  relatorio 
aprosontado  i)olo  Professor  William  R.  Shepherd,  sobre  as  rela^des 
coiinnerciaos  outre  os  Estados  Unidos  e  a  America  do  Sul.  Deve  ser 
lido  por  todas  as  possoas  que  se  interessam  pela  desenvolTimento  do 
coninurcio  o  aniizado  pan-americanos.  O  lei  tor  lembrar-se-ha  que  o 
Professor  Shepherd,  qvie  6  uin  dos  membros  mais  proeminentes  da 
faculdade  da  Uiiivorsidado  do  Columbia,  de  New  York,  fez  uma  via- 
jxoin  pola  Aniorioa  <lo  Sul  oin  1007,  indo  via  Panam&  pela  costa  occi- 
<lontal  0  visitaudo  o  Kciuador,  Peni,  Bolivia,  Chile,  a  Republica 
Ar«i:ontina,  Uruguay  e  Brazil,  e  rej^ressando  pela  costa  oriental.  A 
piulido  do  Director  da  Secretaria,  o  Sr.  Shepherd  fez  estudos  especiaes 
piira  ossa  instituivao,  o  sutus  conclusoos  vao  incluidas  no  referido  relar 
torio.     O   Professor   Shepherd  6  um  attento  observador  dos  pro- 


SBOBETABIA  IKTEBKAOIONAL  DAS  BEPXTBLICAS  AMEBICAKA8.    447 

blemas  americanos,  e  tern  sempre  manif estado  interesse  em  estabelecer 
rela^des  mais  estreitas  entre  a  America  do  Norte  e  a  America  do  Sul. 
fi  de  esperar  que  o  exempio  do  Professor  Shepherd  sejaseguido  por 
outros  professores  que  occupam  cadeiras  semelhantes  em  differentes 
instituipdes  deste  paiz,  despertando  assim  nos  Estados  Unidos  um 
interesse  cada  vez  maior  pelas  Republicas  suas  irmas. 


ESTTJDO  DA  HI8TORIA   E   POLFTICA   SUL-AMERIOANAS. 

A  memoria  lida  pelo  Sr.  Dr.  Hiram  Bingham  perante  a  Asso- 
cia^&o  de  Sciencia  Politica  Americana  que  se  reuniu  cm  Madison, 
Elstado  de  Wisconsin,  em  28  de  dezembro  de  1907,  sobre  o  thema  *^A 
importancia  da  historia  e  politica  da  America  do  Sul  como  campo  para 
investiga^des,*'  6  tfto  interessante  e  contem  tantos  dados  novos  que 
decidimos  reproduzil-a  neste  numero  do  Boletim.  Deve  ser  lida  espe- 
cialmente  pelos  professores  e  estudantes  de  institui^Ses  educadoras  dos 
Estados  Unidos  que  actualniente  se  occupam  com  o  estudo  da  historia 
e  politica  das  Republicas  nossas  irmas.  A  Secretaria  recebe  constan- 
temente  cartas  de  estudantes  das  principaes  institui^oes  educadoras 
dos  Estados  Unidos,  pedindo  informa^Ses  sobre  assumptos  tratados 
pelo  Dr.  BiNOHAM  em  sua  memoria.  Os  factos  e  informa^des  que 
contem  esta  memoria  hao  de  causar  admira^ao  a  muitas  pessoas  que 
ainda  nao  teen^  idea  das  opportunidades  existentes  nos  Estados  Uni- 
dos para  o  estudo  deste  assumpto.  Com  os  dados  ministrados  pelo 
Dr.  BiNOHAM,  qualquer  pessoa  podera  facilmente  fazer  um  estudo 
geral  ou  especial  da  historia  e  politica  da  America  do  Sul. 


A  fraternidade  centro-americana. 

A  Conferencia  de  Paz  da  America  Central,  que  esteve  em  reuniao 
no  edificio  da  Secretaria  Intemacional  das  Republicas  Americanas 
durante  cinco  semanas  e  que  encerrou  suas  sess5es  em  20  de  dezembro 
de  1907,  deu  um  passo  quasi  sem  igual  e  de  um  valor  sentimental  es- 
pecial em  desenvolver  rela^Ses  mais  estreitas  entre  a  America  Central, 
o  Mexico  e  os  Estados  Unidos.  Foi  organizada  a  Fraternidade  Cen- 
tro-Americana,  que  tem  por  objecto  especial  manter  de  p6  o  espirito 
de  interesse  e  sympathia  mutuos  entre  as  Republicas  da  America  do 
Norte.  O  Acto  Constitucional  desta  Fraternidade  6  publicado  neste 
numero  do  Boletim,  e  deve  ser  Udo  por  todos  os  que  se  interessam 
pelas  resolu^des  da  Conferencia.  Nao  6  exagero  dizer  que  a  organi- 
za^ao  desta  Fraternidade  marcou  o  apogeo  da  boa  vontade  e  espirito 
de  harmonia  que  caracterizavam  as  discussSes  da  Conferencia  e  as 
rela9des  dos  differentes  delegados,  e  deve  exercer  poderosa  influencia 
em  prol  do  cumprimento  de  todas  as  conven^Ses  firmadas  nest  a  nota- 
vel  assemblea. 


448    SECRETAKIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  RBPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 
PBIMEIBO   COI7GRE8SO    SCIENTIFICO   PAN-AMEBICANO. 

Tal  6  o  interesse  despertado  em  toda  a  parte  dos  Estados  Unidos  e 
outras  Republicas  Americanas,  pelo  Primeiro  Congresso  Scientifico 
Pan- Americano  que  se  realizarA  em  Santiago,  Chile,  em  1**  de  dezem- 
bro  de  1908,  que  publicamos  neste  numero  do  Boletim  o  programma 
deste  Congresso.  £)  de  esperar  que  o  Congresso  dos  Estados  Unidos 
vote  a  verba  recommendada  pelo  Secretario  Root  para  a  repre- 
sentap&o  official  dos  Estados  Unidos.  15  sabido  que  o  Govemo  do 
Chile  est^  fazendo  os  devidos  preparativos  e  que  a  maioria  das  Re- 
publicas Americanas  mandarS,o  delegados.  A16m  daquelles  designa- 
dos  directamente  pelos  Govemos,  ser&o  muito  bem  recebidos  todos 
OS  representantes  de  universidades  e  organiza^des  scientificas. 


DISCURSOS   PRONUNCIADOS   PELO  DIBECTOB  SOBBE  A  AMEBICA  LATINA. 

Como  prova  do  interesse  crescente  despertado  em  todos  os  Elstados 
Unidos  pelos  paizes  latino-americanos,  pode-se  dizer  que  o  Director 
da  Secretaria,  si  tivesse  acceito  a  ter^a  parte  dos  convites  que  Ihe 
fizeram  juntas  commerciaes,  institui^Oes  educadoras,  e  outras  organi- 
za^5es  para  fazer  conferencias,  sobre  as  rela^des  commerciaes  e 
sociaes  dos  Estados  Unidos  com  a  America  Latina,  teria  de  fazer  con- 
ferencias quasi  todos  os  dias  desde  1  ^  de  Janeiro  at£  1  ^  de  junho.  Essas 
conferencias  nao  se  Umitam  a  uma  determinada  regifto  do  paiz,  mas  se 
realizam  em  toda  aparte,  tanto  no  Centro  e  no  extremo  Oeste,  como  na 
Nova  Inglaterra  c  no  Sul.  Os  trabalhos  de  administra^ao  da  Secretaria, 
por^m,  sao  taes,  que  s6  pode  acceitar  uma  pequena  por^&o  desses 
convites.  Como  prova  dos  esfor^os  feitos  pelo  Director  afim  de 
satisfazer  quanto  niais  os  desejos  que  tem  o  publico  de  informa9des 
a  respeito  destes  paizes,  damos  em  seguida  uma  lista  das  organiza^des 
perante  as  ([uaes  fez  conferencias :  ^  *  University  Club,  ^'  de  Wasliingt on, 
em  4  de  Janeiro;  ^^Oregon  Society,  '^  de  Washington,  em  11  de  Janeiro; 
por  occasiao  do  j  an  tar  oflerecido  em  New  York  para  commemorar  a 
inauguravao  do  novo  servi^o  de  vapores  com  a  America  do  Sul,  em  14 
de  Janeiro;  ^^  Institute  of  Banking, "  de  Washington,  em  16  de  Janeiro: 
perante[o  ^'Men's  Club,"  da  ^'Central  Presbyterian  Church, "  de  Wash- 
ington, em  20  de  Janeiro;  perante  "Cooper  Union,"  de  New  York,  em 
27  de  Janeiro;  no  banquete  annual  da  ''Merchants'  and  Manufacturers' 
Association,"  de  Baltimore,  em  30  de  Janeiro;  *' National  Association 
of  Manufacturers,"  de  New  York,  em  31  de  Janeiro;  ''California 
Society,"  de  Washington,  em  2  de  fevereiro;  no  anniversario  de 
Lincoln,  em  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  em  12  de  fevereiro;  ''Junta 
Commercial  de  Pontiac,"  Michigan,  em  1 3  de  fevereiro;  "Commercial 
Club, "  de  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  em  1 7  de  fevereiro ;  "  MacKenzie School, " 
de  Dohbs  Ferry,  New  York,  em  22  de  fevereiro,  para  commemorar  o 


SECBETABTA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    449 

anniversario  natalicio  de  Wasliington;  **  National  Jewelers'  Associa- 
tion, de  Philadelphia/'  em  22  de  fevereiro;  e  a  ^'American  Geograph- 
ical Society,  *'  de  New  York,  em  25  de  fevereiro. 


ITINERARIOS    E    CONDI^OES    PARA  VIAJAR   NA    AMERICA  DO    8UL. 

A  Secretaria  Intemacional  estfi,  recebendo  tantos  pedidos  de  in- 
forma^Oes,  tanto  dos  Estados  Unidos,  como  da  Europa,  a  respeito  dos 
itinerarios  e  condi^Ses  para  viajar  na  America  do  Sul,  que  contratou  o 
Sr.  Lee  McClung,  Thesoureiro  da  Universidade  do  Yale,  que  fez 
recentemente  uma  viagem  ao  redor  da  America  do  Sul,  e  Sra.  Marie 
Robinson  Wright,  a  distincta  autora,  que  tem  visitado  todas  as 
partes  do  continente  meridional,  para  escrever  breves  artigos  descrip- 
tivos  sobro  os  diversos  caminlios  e  accommodapoes  que  possam  servir 
de  guia  para  as  pessoas  que  intendam  visitar  aquella  parte  do  mundo. 
A  julgar  pcla  correspondencia  da  Secretaria,  parece  (jue  durante  o 
anno  proximo  havera  grande  augmento  no  numero  dos  viajantes  para 
a  America  do  Sul.  Sobretudo,  um  grande  numero  de  touristes  que 
teem  o  costume  de  ir  &  Europa  e  k  Asia,  estao  decididos,  &  vista  do 
interesse  descnvolvido  pola  America  Latina,  a  mudar  suas  habituacs 
excursSos  c  ver  o  que  se  passa  na  America  Central  e  do  Sul.  A  este 
respeito,  convem  notar  os  grandes  melhoramentos  que  a  Companhia 
Lamport  e  Holt  tem  feito  em  sua  linha  de  navega^So  na  costa  oriental, 
introduzindo  mais  tres  grandes  vapores  de  10,000  toneladas  cada  um, 
com  excellentes  accommoda^des  para  passageiros.  Esses  vapores 
est^o  fazendo  a  travessia  entre  New  York,  Rio  de  Janeiro  e  Buenos 
Aires.  Publicamos  neste  numero  do  Boletim  uma  photographia  de 
um  destes  navios  e  tambem  uma  ou  duas  vistas  do  seu  interior,  com 
o  intuito  de  mostrar  suas  boas  accommoda^des  a  todas  as  pessoas 
interessadas. 


ESTRADAS   DE    FERRO    ARGENTINAS. 

A  lei  govemamental  uniformizando  os  privilegios  concedidos  ds 
companhias  de  estradas  de  ferro  funccionamlo  na  Republica  Argen- 
tina, tem  dado  um  grande  impulso  ao  desenvolvimento  de  novas 
iniciativas.  As  linhas  ferreas  actualmente  em  trafego  attingem  a 
14,000  milhas  de  extensao,  das  quaes  900  milhas  foram  construidas 
durante  o  anno,  e  representam  o  capital  total  de  $671,688,874. 

Tres  das  principaes  linhas  teem  em  projecto  a  consolida^ao  dos  sens 
intei^sses,  o  pelos  termos  do*  contracto,  serfio  despendidas  grandes 
sommas  em  prolongamentos  o  obras  de  melhoramento. 

29039— Bull.  2—08 14 


450    SECBETARIA  IXTEBXACIOXAL  DAS  BEPITBIJCAS  AMXRTCA2fAS. 

Os  senn^os  {>ostal  e  telegraphico,  tao  estreitamente  li^dos  as  vias 
ferreas,  foram  feitos  com  regularitlade  ilurante  o  anno  de  1907.  veri- 
ficanrlr>-50  um  accresoimo  de  §746,961  nas  suas  receitas.  comparadas 

com  as  do  amio  anterior. 

A  arrecadarao  das  rendas  intemas  foi  muito  satisfactoria. 


ESTANHO    BOLIVIANO    NOS    MERCADOS    DO   MUXDO. 

Dos  dados  esiaiisticos  do  movimento  do  estanho  nos  mercados  da 
Europa  e  (U)S  Estados  l^nidos  no  anno  de  1907,  ve-se  que  as  entresras 
da  procedencia  da  Bolivia,  ainda  ([ue  foram  muito  inferiores  ^s  pro- 
venientes  do  Estreito.  occupam  o  segundo  lugar,  sendo  ile  15,300 
toneladas.  contra  1G,3S0  tonoladas  em  1906. 

Reproduzimos  neste  numero  do  Boletim.  por  ser  de  interesse  aos 
que  negociani  em  borracha,  trechos  do  relatorio  apresentado  ao  De- 
partamento  de  Coloniza^ao  e  Agricultura  sobre  a  cultura  da  borracha 
na  Provincia  de  Larocaja. 

MEDIDAS    LEGISLATIVAS   BRAZILEIRAS. 

As  noticias  recebidas  do  Brazil  dizem  que  6  provavel  que  o  Con- 
gresso  Xacional,  em  sua  proxima  sessao  de  maio,  vote  o  projecto  de 
reforma  das  tarifas  aduaneiras,  devendo  entrar  em  vigor  ate  fins  de 
agosto  do  corrente  anno.  No  emtanto,  a  lei  do  or^amento,  que  foi 
publicada  om  1"  de  Janeiro  de  IGOS,  faz  importantes  modifica^oes  nos 
direitos  d(»  ini])()rta9rio  cobrados  sobre  os  materiaes  e  macliinas  desti- 
iiados  us  industrias.  Continua  em  \ngor  a  lei  de  30  de  junho  de  1906, 
concodendo  uma  reduc^ao  de  20  por  cento  a  certos  artigos  de  origem 
dos  Estados  Unidos. 

Um  dos  resultados  desta  concessao  evidencia-sc  dos  dadi>s  esta- 
tistiros  do  comniorcio  entre  os  dous  paizes  no  anno  de  1907,  os  quaes 
denionstrain  que  a  ox])()rtavao  de  productos  norte-americanos  para  o 
Brazil  auirnientou  vm  nuiis  de  S4 .000,000. 

Tarifas  j)r()liibitorias  sao  a])plicadas  aos  productos  alimeiiticios  e 
bebidas  em  cuja  pro])ara9a<)  forem  empregadas  substancias  nocivas  & 
saiido  publica.  ()  Governo  vai  estabelecer  um  servi^o  de  propaganda 
para  d(v^(»nv()lver  nos  paizes  estrangeiros  o  consumo  dos  productos 
nacionaes. 

RECENSEAMENTO  DA  TOPUEACAO  E  LEIS  DOt'HILE. 

Segundo  informes  sobre  o  resultado  do  recenseamento  da  popula^ao 

do  ('liile,  (jue  foi  levado  a  effeito  em  fins  de  1907,  a  Republica  conta 

actualnient(»  3,250,000  habitantes,  o  que  mostra  um  augmento  de  um 

pouco  jnonas  do  50,000  habilawlcs,  desde  1903,  a  data  do  ultimo  re- 

Qseanwnto. 


SECBETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEKICANAS.    451 

Informap&o  foi  recebida  de  que  o  Congresso  do  Chile  approvou  em  22 
de  Janeiro  de  1908,  um  projecto  de  lei  autorizando  o  Govemo  a  abrir 
um  credito  para  a  construe^ ao  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  Longitudinal, 
a  qual  se  estenderd  de  um  ponto  na  fronteira  do  Peru  at6  ao  Estreito 
de  Magalhaes,  com  uma  extensao  de  2, GOO  milhas.  A  concessao 
ultimamente  feita  a  uma  companhia  allema  para  a  construc^ao  de 
uma  linha  ligando  Arica  a  La  Paz,  6  mais  uma  prova  do  intcresse  que 
o  Govemo  estfi,  manifestando  neste  ramo  de  sua  actividade. 

O  Congresso  Nacional  approvou  o  projecto  de  lei,  autorizando  o 
Govemo  a  suspender  6s  direitos  de  importa^ao  sobre  o  gado  e  a  reduzir 
de  50  por  cento  os  direitos  sobre  certos  tecidos.  A  lei,  cujo  texto  foi 
publicado  no  Boletim  de  dezembro  do  1907,  entrarfi,  em  vigor  dentro 
de  seis  mezes  contados  da  data  da  sua  promulga^ao. 


COMMERCIO    DE    CUBA    EM    1906-7. 

Do  relatorio  do  Governador  Provisorio  Magoon,  em  que  revista  as 
condi^Oes  geraes  na  Republica  de  Cuba  desde  os  ultimos  mezes  de  1906 
at6  fins  de  1907,  v6-se  que  a  situa^ao  economica  do  paiz  6  em  geral 
satisfactoria.  As  importapoes  realizadas  durante  o  exercicio  de 
1906-7,  mostram  uma  diminui9ao  de  mais  de  $7,000,000,  em  compa- 
ra^ao  com  as  do  exercicio  anterior,  ao  passo  que  liouve  um  augmento 
nas  exporta^Ses  de  mais  de  $5,000,000.  No  commercio  com  os  Esta-. 
dos  Unidos  no  anno  de  1907,  nota-se  sensivcl  augmento,  tanto  na  im- 
porta^ao,  como  na  exporta^ao. 


PROGRESSO    COMMERCIAL   DO    MEXICO. 

O  commercio  exterior  do  Mexico  continua  sua  marcha  ascendente. 
Durante  os  primeiros  quatro  mezes  do  exercicio  de  1907  (julho  a  outu- 
bro),  nota-se  um  augmento  de  mais  de  $6,000,000,  tanto  na  importa- 
9ao  como  na  exportapao,  comparadas  com  as  do  periodo  correspon- 
dente  do  anno  anterior,  ao  passo  que  as  rendas  aduaneiras  arrecadadas 
durante  o  primeiro  semestre  de  1907-8,  mostram  um  augmento  de 
cerca  de  $2,000,000,  em  compara^uo  com  as  de  igual  periodo  de 
1906-7.  As  transac96es  commerciaes  realizadas  durante  o  anno  de 
1907,  foram  na  importancia  de  $200,000,000,  da  qual  mais  que  a  me- 
tade  represent  a  as  transac^oes  de  emprezas  commerciaes,  novas  com- 
panhias  e  augmento  do  capital  de  companhias  existentos.  Attingc  a 
$25,000,000  at6  $30,000,000  o  valor  das  mercadorias  dos  Estados  Uni- 
dos que  foram  transportadas  entre  portos  do  Atlantico  e  do  Pacifico 
via  Tehuantepec  durante  o  anno  de  1907. 

O  commercio  do  Mexico  com  os  Estados  Unidos  no  anno  de  1907  foi 
muito  satisfactorio,  sendo  as  importa^ocs  dcssa  \)iToe,^^e;\vQ\%.  wci  ^^<^x 


452    SECRETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBUCAS  AMERICANAS. 

de  $67,000,000,  e  suas  exportacoes  para  alii  no  valor  do  $57,000,000,  o 
que  mostra  um  augmento  de  $5,420,697  e  $6,006,528,  respectivamente, 
comparadas  com  as  do  anno  anterior. 


NOVA  LEI  AGRICOLA  E  CONCESSOES  PARA  A  EXPLORA^AO  DA  BOBRACHA 

EM    NICARAGUA. 

A  nova  lei  que  o  Contn'esso  de  Nicaragua  ultimamente  decretou 
com  o  fim  de  promover  a  agricultura  e  industria  pastoril  da  Repu- 
blica,  autoriza  o  Governo  a  estabelecer  um  senri^o  de  propaganda  no 
exterior  com  o  fim  de  desenvolvor  o  consumo  dos  productos  nacionaes. 
A  industria  de  bananas  jd  attingiu  a  um  gr&o  de  prosperidade  sem 
exemplo  na  historia  desta  industria,  como  resultado  da  systematica 
propaganda  desta  fructa,  e  a  Republica  tem  outros  productos  que 
sao  susceptiveis  de  identico  desenvolvimento.  « 

O  Consul  dos  Estados  Unidos  em  San  Juan  del  Norte,  Frederic 
M.  Ryder,  informa  que  a  concessao  que  foi  ultimamente  feita  pelo 
Governo  de  Nicaragua  para  a  explora^ao  da  borracha,  ser&  sem 
duvida  transferida  k  companhia  que  jfi,  tem  duas  concess5es  para  a 
explora^ao  da  borracha  nas  florestas  virgens  do  paiz,  de  modo  que 
est  a  corpora^ao  ter^  o  monopolio  da  produc^ao  da  borracha  neste 
paiz. 

SrrUA^AO   FINANCEIRA    DO    PANAMA. 

A  situa^ao  prospera  do  Panamd  evidencia-se  do  facto  de  que  as 
rendas  fiscaes  no  anno  de  1907  foram  de  $5,436.05,  em  excesso  da 
estimativa  or^amentaria,  import ando  o  total  em  $2,439,301.68.  A 
maior  parte  destas  rendas  correspondem  aos  direitos  de  importa^ao. 

O  valor  das  mercadorias  norte-americanas  transportadas  pela 
Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Panama  durante  o  anno  de  1907,  foi  calculado 
em  $12,000,000  at6  $15,000,000,  e  os  productos  dessa  procedencia 
importados  no  Panama  durante  o  anno,  mostram  um  augmento  de 
mais  de  $4,000,000,  comparados  com  os  do  anno  anterior. 


A    ESTRADA    DE    FERRO    CENTRAL   DO    PARAGUAY. 

Do  relatorio  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  Central  do  Taraguay,  corres- 
pondente  ao  anno  que  terminou  em  30  de  abril  de  1907,  cujo  resumo 
6  reproduzido  neste  numero  do  Boletim,  v6-se  que  as  difficuldades 
surgidas  entre  a  companhia  da  linha  e  o  Governo  foram  satisfac- 
toriamente  rcsolvidas.  Como  esta  6  a  unica  Unha  em  trafego  em 
toda  a  Republica,  sens  interesses  e  os  do  desenvolvimento  do  pais 
sao  intiniamente  ligados,  e  a  feliz  termina^fi-o  da  controversia  ha  de 
dar  um  novo  impulso  aos  negocios.  Segundo  informes  recebidos,  a 
situaQao  das  collieitas  6  muito  boa  e  todos  os  ramos  da  aotividade 
commercial  e  industrial  moslTaixi  um«ki  N\l«X\dL«A^  ^\^&tf^«GLtA. 


BECBETARTA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    453 
COMMERC  lO  ENTRE  O  PERU  E  OS  ESTADOS  UNIDOS. 

Conformo  os  dados  estatisticos  publicados  pela  Reparti^ao  de 
Estatistica  dos  Estados  Unidos,  houve  um  notavel  augmento  no 
commercio  entre  o  Peru  e  os  Estados  Unidos  durante  o  anno  de  1907. 
O  valor  dos  generos  peruanos  importados  pelos  Estados  Unidos 
durante  o  anno  de  1907,  foi  de  $4,154,790  em  excesso  do  valor  dos 
importados  em  1906,  ao  passo  que  os  generos  norte-americanos  ex- 
portados  para  o  Peru  augmentaram  de  $1,672,762. 

A  mina  de  Cerro  de  Pasco  contribuiu  com  10,000  toneladas  para 
o  total  de  28,000  toneladas  de  cobre  que  foram  importadas  polos 
Estados  Unidos,  de  procedencia  da  America  do  Sul. 

O  relatorio  da  Corpora^ ao  Peruana  6  outra  prova  da  prosperidade 
commercial  do  paiz,  pois  as  transac^oes  desta  companhia  no  anno  que 
terminou  em  30  de  junho  de  1907,  mostram  um  lucro  de  $1,000,000. 


CONDI^OES  COMMERCIAES  EM  SALVADOR. 

O  movimento  de  exporta^ao  da  Republica  de  Salvador  nos  pri- 
meiros  seis  mozes  de  1907,  foi  no  valor  de  $5,642,700,  dos  quaes 
$4,369,600  represcntam  as  exporta^5es  do  caf6.  Os  diroitos  de 
exporta^ao  e  de  importa^ao,  comparados  com  os  cobrados  em  igual 
periodo  do  anno  anterior,  demonstram  uma  pequena  diminui^ao, 
sendo  na  importancia  dc  $282,293  e  $1,440,194,  respectivamente. 
Os  Estados  Unidos  figuram  em  primeiro  lugar  entre  os  paizes  de 
destino. 


RENDAS    ADUANEIRAS    E    COMMERCIO    DO    URUGUAY    EM    1907. 

Calcula-se  que  as  rendas  aduaneiras  da  Republica  do  Uruguay  no 
auno  de  1907,  attingirao  ao  total  do  $13,000,000,  o  quo  mostra  um 
sensivel  augmento  em  confronto  com  as  do  anno  anterior.  No 
ultimo  mez  do  anno  notava-se  maior  actividade  commercial  em  toda 
a  parte  da  Republica. 

Houve  um  augmento  de  $810,395  nas  importances  proveniontes 
dos  Estados  Unidos,  e  umadiminuinaode  $1,076,482,  nas  exporta^oes 
com  este  destino. 

REQULAMENTO      DOS      SERVI^OS      TELEGRAPHICOS      E       TELEPHONICOS 

EM    VENEZUELA. 

Pelo  decreto  de  20  de  dezembro  de  1907,  o  Governo  de  Venezuela 
tem  quasi  o  monopolio  dos  servi^os  telegrapliicos  e  telephonicos  na 
Republica,  pois  em  virtude  do  disposto  no  Artigo  I  deste  decreto, 
o  Executivo  Federal  tem  o  direito  exclusivo  de  estabelecer  taes 
emprezas. 

Publicamos  tambem  certas  modificapdes  feitas  na  tatvf^w  Afc\^^^- 
zuela,  as  quaes  entrarfio  em  vigor  no  ultimo  ixvei*  dio  eoxt^vvVfe  ^sss^^^^ 


454    SECBETARIA  INTERN ACIONAL  DAS  KEPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

REPUBLIOA  ARGENTINA. 

CONTKACTO  PABA  A  VENDA  DA  ESTRADA  DE   FEBBO  Ain>INA. 

O  Presidcnte  da  Republica  eiiviou  ao  Congresso  Xacional,  em  13  de 
dezembro  de  1907,  o  contracto  que  foi  ultimamente  assignado  ad 
referendum  entre  o  Ministro  de  Obras  Piiblicas  da  Republica  e  os 
representantes  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Buenos  Aires  a  Rosario,  e  da 
Argentina  Central. 

Em  virtude  da  clausula  XV.  deste  contracto,  a  Companhia  da 
Estrada  de  Ferro  Argentina  Central  compromette-se  a  comprar  todas 
as  linlias  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  Andina,  incluindo  os  terrenos,  edificios, 
material  fixo  c  rodante,  materiaes  em  deposito,  os  depositos,  ofTicinas 
e  mais  dependencias  da  linha.  O  pre^o  de  venda  e  estipulado  na 
quantia  de  827,828,000,  moeda  nacional,  pagavel  em  oito  presta^oos 
iguaes,  vencendo  o  juro  annual  de  5  por  cento,  as  quaes  serao  pagas 
por  trimestres. 

Fica  estipulado  que  o  accordo  sera  nullo  e  sem  effeito  case  nao  for 
approvado  pelo  Congresso  Xacional  durante  a  actual  sessao. 


BRAZIL. 

PROPAGANDA  DOS  PRODUCTOS  NACIONAES. 

O  Art.  XIV.  do  projecto  de  lei  n.  401,  que  foi  approvado  pelo 
Congresso  Xacional  em  10  de  dezembro  de  1907,  autoriza  o  Minis- 
terio  da  Industria,  Via^ao  e  Obras  Publicas'a  despender  a  quantia  de 
4,000:000?,  ouro,  podendo  abrir  os  necessarios  creditos  ou  fazer  as 
.precisas  opera^oes  do  credito,  para  desenvolver,  nos  paizes  estran- 
geiros,  o  consumo  dos  di versos  productos  agricolas  e  mineraes 
brazileiros,  ostabelecendt)  premios  e  subven^oes. 

As  subvon<,'6es  serao  principalmente  concedidas  as  emprezas  e  aos 
j)arti('iilar(\s  que: 

(a)  Xas  localidades,  onde  ja  existam  casas  que  negociem  em  caff 
em  grao,  estabelevam,  por  sua  conta,  torrefacvOes  onde  o  caf6  moido 
seja  v(^n(li(l()  a  retidlio  on  ja  preparado  como  nos  cafes  desta  capital 
(Uio  de  Janeirt)): 

(h)  Xessas  localidades  ou  nas  suas  proximidades  estabele^am  casas 
onde  seja  o  cafe  vendido  moido  on  ja  preparado,  mas  sendo  comprado 
nas  torrefacroes  mencionadas  na  lettra  a , 

((■)  Nas  localidades  onde  nao  existam  casas  que  negociem  nese^e 
producto,  especialmente  nos  pequenos  povoados,  estabolo^amessas 
casas,  tcndo  ao  lado  j)equenas  torrefac<,'oes,  onde  seja  o  caf6  vendido, 
jd  moido  ou  preparado. 


BRAZIL.  455 

Com  rela^ao  aos  outros  prodiictos,  o  Governo  procurard  applicar  o 
mesmo  systenia  de  subven^ao,  fazendo  com  que  nas  casas  mencionadas 
existam  sempre  cm  exposi^iXo  amostras  de  outros  productos,  como  o 
matte,  o  caciio,  assucar,  fumo  e  seus  preparados,  etc.,  acompanhadas 
de  breves  noticias  sobre  a  procedencia,  pre^o  e  outras  informa^oes  que 
facilitem  o  seu  consumo. 

Os  premios  serao  concedidos  como  estimulo  a  essas  mcsmas  emprozas 
ou  particulares  que,  no  fim  de  cada  semestre,  e  k  vista  dos  resultados 
obtidos  quaiito  d  venda,  mostrem,  a  juizio  do  Governo,  ter  empregado, 
realmente  actividade  e  esfoi^os  para  o  desenvolvimento  do  consumo 
de  qualquer  dos  productos. 

O  Governo  6  autorizado  a  iiiiciar  c  manter  esse  modo  de  propa- 
ganda para  o  desenvolvimento  do  consumo  dos  productos  brazi- 
leiros,  junto  aos  consula<los  brazileiros,  e  de  crear,  sob  a  direc^ao  dos 
respectivos  consules,  uma  secpao  de  fiscaliza^ao,  devendo  os  consules 
enviar,  no  fim  de  cada  somes trc,  ao  Ministerio  da  Industria,  Via^ao  e 
Obras  Publicas  um  relatorio  s()l)re  os  ostabelecimentos  subvencio- 
nados  e  o  seu  desenvolvimento. 

Al6m  dos  meios  indicados  nos  paragraphos  anteriores,  o  Governo 
poderd  applicar  outros,  sempre  de  caracter  commercial,  como  conceder, 
no  maximo,  at6  20  por  cento  de  reduc^ao  das  taxas  de  importa^ao 
para  os  productos  sem  similares  no  Brazil  e  provenientes  de  paizes 
que,  por  accordos  ou  convenios  commerciaes,  de  prazo  nao  inferior 
a  tres  annos,  concedam  nas  respectivas  tarifas  isen^ao  ou  reduc^ao 
convenientes  aos  pnKluctos  brazileiros. 

O  Governo  6  tambem  autorizatlo  a  organizar  um  servi^o  regular  de 
propaganda  das  riquezas  mineraes  do  paiz. 

CONVENgAO   PABA   A  CBEAgAO   DE    UMA  COMMISSAO   INTEBNA- 
CIONAL  DE  JTJRISCONSTTLTOS. 

O  **Diario  Official "  de  20  do  Janeiro  de  1907,  publica  o  decreto  do 
Presidente  Affoxso  Pexxa,  de  27  de  dezembro,  approvando  a  Con- 
ven^ao  concluida  na  cidade  do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  na  Terceira  Confe- 
rencia  Internacional  Americana,  creando  mna  C'ommissao  Interna- 
cional  de  Jurisconsultos. 

THAT  ADO  DE  LIMTTES  COM  A  COLOMBIA. 

uVpprovado  prlo  Ciovemo  Hrazllriro  (>iu  \)  do  Janeiro  de  1908.) 

A  Republica  dos  Estados  Unidos  do  Brazil  o  a  Republica  da  Colom- 
bia, desejosas  de  consolidar  em  bases  firmes  e  duradouras  as  suas 
antigas  rela^oes  de  paz  e  amizade,  de  suppriniir  quaesquer  motivos 
de  desaven^a  e  de  facilitar  o  desenvolvimento  de  seus  interesses  de 
boa  visinhan^a  e  de  commercio,  resolveram  celebrar  o  seguinte  tra- 
tado,  tendo  em  considera^'ao,  para  um  accordo  amistoso,  o  estado 
das  suas  posses  e  direitos  respectivos,  e  para  esse  fim  nomearam  seus 
plenipotenciarios,  a  saber: 


456    SECRETAKIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

S.  Ex.  o  Presidente  da  llepublica  dos  Estados  Unidos  do  Brazil,  o 
Sr.  Dr.  Eneas  Martins,  Ministro  Residente  em  Missao  Especial  junto 
ao  Govemo  da  Colombia,  e  S.  Ex.  o  Presidente  da  Republica  da  Colom- 
bia, o  Sr.  Gen.  Alfredo  Vasquez  Cobo,  Ministro  das  Rela^oes 
Exteriores,  os  quaes,  depois  de  haverem  exliibido  seus  plenos  poderes, 
que  foram  encontrados  em  devida  forma,  estipularam  o  seguinte: 

''Artigo  I.  A  fronteira  do  Brazil  e  da  Colombia,  entre  a  Pedra  de 
Cucuhy,  no  Rio  Negro,  e  a  desembocadura  do  Rio  Apap6ris,  na  mar- 
gem  esquorda  do  Rio  Japurd  ou  Caquetd,  sera  a  seguinte: 

^^  §  1°.  Da  Illia  de  S.  Jose,  em  frente  d  Pedra  do  Cucuhy,  com  runio 
Oesto  demandard  a  margem  direita  do  Rio  Negro  que  cortar^  aos  1® 
13'  51.76"  de  latitude  Norte  e  23^  39'  11.51"  de  longitude  occidental 
do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  ou  7®  16'  25.9"  de  longitude  oriental  de  Bogota, 
seguindo  desse  ponto  em  linha  recta  at^  encontrar  a  cabeceira  do 
pequeno  Rio  Macacuny  (ou  Macapury),  affluente  da  margem  direitii 
do  Rio  Negro  ou  Guainja,  affluente  que  fica  todo  em  territorio  colom- 
biano. 

**§2°.  Da  cabeceira  do  Macacuny  (ou  Macapury)  continuar&  a 
fronteira  pelo  divortium  dquarum  ate  passar  entre  a  cabeceira  do 
igarap6  Japery,  affluente  do  Rio  Xie,  e  a  cabeceira  do  Rio  Tomo, 
affluente  do  Rio  Guainia,  no  ponto  assignalado  pelas  coordenadas  2^ 
1'  26.65"  de  latitude  Norte  e  24**  26'  38.58"  de  longitude  occidental 
do  Rio  de  Janeiro  ou  6"  28'  59.8"  de  longitude  oriental  do  meridiano 
de  Bogota. 

'*  §  3".  Continuard  a  fronteira,  na  direc^ao  do  occidente,  pela  parte 
mais  alta  do  terreno  sinuoso  que  sopara  as  aguas  que  seguem  para  o 
Norte,  das  aguas  que  seguem  para  o  SuJ,  at6  encontrar  o  Cerro 
Caparro,  a  partirdo  qual  continuara  sempre  pelo  mais  alto  do  terreno 
e  scparando  as  aguas  que  vao  para  o  Rio  Guainia  das  aguas  que 
corrcm  para  o  Rio  Cuiary  (ou  Iquiary),  at^  k  nascente  principal  do  Rio 
Memachi,  afnuentc  do  Rio  Naquioni,  que  por  sua  vez  6  affluente  do 
Guainia. 

'^§  4**.  A  partir  da  nascente  principal  do  Memachi,  aos  2®  1'  27.03' 
de  latitude  Norte  o  25*^  4'  22.65"  de  longitude  occidental  do  meridiano 
do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  ou  o''  51'  15.8"  de  longitude  oriental  de  Bogot4, 
seguira  a  linha  de  fronteira  pela  parte  mais  elevada  do  terreno  em 
biisca  da  cabeceira  principal  do  affluente  do  Cuiary  (ou  Iquiary),  que 
fique  mais  ])roxini()  da  cabeceira  do  Memachi,  continuando  pi»lo  curso 
do  dito  affluent'^  ate  a  confluencia  delle  e  do  citado  Cuiary  (ou 
Iquiary). 

'^§  5".   Dessa  ctmihiencia  l)aixara  a  linha  de  fronteira  pelo  thalweg 

do  dito  Cuiary  at6  o  ponto  em  que  nelle  desemboca  o  Rio  Pegua,  seu 

affluente  da  margem  esquerda,  e  da  confluencia  do  Pegua  e  do  Cuiaiy 

seguxrix  a  linha  da  fronteira  para  o  occidente,  e  pelo  parallelo  dessa 

confluencia,  at6  encontrar  o  meTidiano  que  passa  pela  confluencia  do 

^erary  e  do  Uaupds. 


BRAZIL.  457 

"  §  6®.  Ao  encontrar  o  meridiano  que  passa  pela  confluencia  do  rio 
Kerary  (ou  Cairary)  e  do  rio  Uaupfe,  a  linha  da  fronteira  baixard  por 
esse  meridiano  at6  a  dita  confluencia,  donde  continuard  pelo  thalweg 
do  rio  Uaup^s  at6  a  desembocadura  do  Rio  Capury,  affluente  da  mar- 
gem  direita  do  referido  Uaup^s,  perto  da  cabeceira  Jauarit6. 

'*  §  7®.  Da  desembocadura  do  referido  Rio  Capury  seguird  a  fronteira 
para  occidente  pelo  thalweg  do  mesmo  Capury  at6  sua  nascento  mais 
ou  menos  aos  69®  30'  de  longitude  occidental  de  Greenwich,  baixando 
pelo  meridiano  dessa  nascente  em  demanda  do  Taraira,  seguindo  logo 
pelo  thalweg  do  dito  Taraira  at^  a  sua  f 6z  no  Apap6ris  e  pelo  thalweg 
do  Apaporis  d  sua  desembocadura  no  Rio  Japurd  ou  Caquetd,  onde 
termina  a  parte  de  fronteira  estabelecida  pelo  presente  tratado, 
ficando  assim  definida  a  linha  de  fronteira  Pedra  Cucuhy-F6z  do 
Apaporis,  e  o  resto  da  fronteira  entre  os  dois  paizes  disputada, 
sujeito  a  posterior  negocia^ao,  no  caso  de  vir  a  ter  ganho  de  causa 
Colombia  em  seus  outros  litigios  com  o  Peru  e  o  Kquador. 

*'Art.  II.  Uma  commissao  mixta  nomeada  pelos  dous  Governos, 
dentro  do  prazo  de  um  anno  a  contar  da  troca  das  ratifica^oes,  pro- 
cedera  &  demarca^fi-o  da  fronteira  estabelecida  por  este  tratado. 

^'  §  1°.  Por  protocoUos  especiaes  serao  combinadias  a  constitui^fio 
e  as  instruc95es  para  os  trabalhos  dessa  commissao  mixta,  a  qual  deve 
come^ar  seus  trabalhos  dentro  de  oito  mezes  a  contar  da  data  de  sua 
nomea^ao. 

*'§  2°.  Fica  desde  logo  estabelecido  que,  para  fechar  e  completar  a 
linha  de  fronteira,  onde  seja  necessario  fazel-o,  por  falta  de  accidentes 
no  terreno,  serao  adoptados  os  circulos  parallelos  ao  Equador,  e  as 
linhas  meridianas  de  preferencia  a  quaesquer  linhas  obliquas. 

*'Art.  III.  Todas  as  duvidas  que  se  apresentarem  durante  a  de- 
marca^ao,  serfio  amigavelmente  resolvidas  pelas  Altas  Partes  Con- 
tractantes,  as  quaes  serao,  submettidas  pelos  respectivos  commis- 
sarios,  continuando  entretanto  a  demarca^ao. 

**Si  OS  dous  Governos  nao  puderem  chegar  a  um  accordo  directo, 
declaram  desde  ja  o  seu  proposito  de  recorrer  d  decisao  de  um  arbitro. 

''Art.  IV.  As  duas  Altas  Partes  Contractantes  concluirao,  no 
prazo  de  12  mezes,  um  tratado  de  commercio  e  navega^ao,  baseado 
no  principio  da  mais  ampla  liberdade  de  transito  terrcstre  e  navega^ao 
fluvial  para  ambas  as  na^oes,  direito  que  ellas  se  reconhecem  perpetua- 
mente,  a  partir  da  approva^ao  deste  tratado,  em  todo  o  curso  dos 
rios  que  nascem  ou  correm  dentro  ou  nas  extremidades  da  regiao  de- 
terminada  pela  linha  de  fronteira  que  elle  estabelece,  devendo  obser- 
var-se  os  regulamentos  fiscaes  e  de  policia  estabelecidos  ou  que  se  es- 
tabelecerem  no  territorio  de  cada  uma,  regulamentos  que  em  nenhum 
caso  estabelecerfto  maiores  onus  ou  formalidades  para  as  embarca- 
^6eSf  effeitos  e  pessoas  dos  brazileiros  em  Colombia  que  os  que  se 
tenha  estabelecidos  ou  se  estabele^am  em  Colomb\«ki  \>«i.T«i.  o^w^^v^w^fc'^ 
oolombianos,  ou  no  Brazil  para  os  nacionaes  \>T«k.7A\fe\To^. 


458    SECRETAEIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

^^Os  navios  colombianos,  destinados  &  navega^fio  desscs  rios,  com- 
mimicarao  livremente  com  o  Oceano  pelo  Amazonas.  Os  regulamen- 
tos  fiscaes  e  de  policia  deverao  ser  tfio  favoraveis,  quanto  seja  pos- 
sivel,  d  navega^ao,  e  ao  commercio,  e  guardarao  nos  doiis  paizes  a  possi- 
vel  uiiif  omiidade.  Fica  entendido  e  declarado  que  nao  se  comprehende 
nessa  navega^ao  a  de  porto  a  porto  do  mesmo  paiz,  ou  de  cabotagem 
fluvial,  que  continuard  sujeita  em  cada  um  dos  dous  Estados  ds  suas 
respectivas  leis. 

^' Art.  V.  O  presente  tratado,  depois  de  devida  e  regularmente  ap- 
provado  na  Republica  dos  Estados  Unidos  do  Brazil  e  na  Ilopublica 
da  Colombia,  sent  ratificado  pelos  dous  Govenios,  e  as  ratificacOes 
seriio  trocadas  na  cidade  de  Bogotd  ou  na  do  Rio  de  Janeiro  no  mais 
breve  prazo  possivel. 

^^Em  fe  do  que  n6s,  os  plenipotenciarios  de  uma  e  outra  Kepublica, 
o  assignamos  o  sellamos  com  os  nossos  sellos  particulares,  eui  Bogota, 
aos  24  do  mez  de  abril  de  1907. 

[l.  s.]  ^' Eneas  Martins. 

[l.  s.]  ^'Alfredo  Vasquez  Cobo.'' 

ACCORDO   DE   MODUS  VIVENDI    SOBBE    O   PTJTTJMAYO,  BNTBE   O 
BRAZIL  E  COLOMBIA. 

Os  Govemos  do  Brazil  e  da  Colombia,  com  o  proposito  de  desen- 
volver  a  navega^ao  e  as  rela^oes  de  commercio  entre  os  sens  resj)ec- 
tivos  paizes,  pelo  Kio  I^a  ou  Putumayo,  concordaram  na  celebra^ao 
de  um  modus  vivendi  com  tal  lim,  e  para  esse  effeito,  reunidos  no  Minis- 
terio  das  Rela^oes  Exteriores  da  Colombia  o  Ministro  Residente  do 
Brazil  em  Missao  Especial,  Sr.  Dr.  Eneas  Martins,  e  o  Ministro 
das  Rela^oes  Exteriores  de  Colombia,  Sr.  Gen.  ^Vuredo  Vasquez 
CoBO,  discutiram  e  accordaram  em  nome  dos  seus  respectivos  Gover- 
nos  e  })or  elles  devidamonte  autorizados,  segimdo  os  plenos  jHxleres 
qiKM^xliibom,  no  scguinte: 

'Mrtkjo  I.  Os  navios  mercantes  brazileiros  e  colombianos  ]>oilorao 
communicar  livremente  nos  portos  que  o  Brazil  e  a  Colombia  l^m 
hahilitados  ou  venliain  a  habilitar  no  Rio  19a  ou  I^tumayo,  isentos 
de  quaesqiu^r  inqx^stos  que  nao  sejam  os  de  pharoes  ou  senielliantcs, 
destinados  a  auxilios  que  se  ])restem  a  navcga^ao  e  sujeitando-se 
aos  rejj^ulamentos  iiscaes  e  de  policia,  estabelecidos  pelas  autoridades 
coinj)elentes  de  cada  um  dos  dous  })aizes  i)ara  sen  respectivo  territorio. 

'^Os  navios  colombianos  destinados  a  navega^tlo  do  Putumayo 
poderao  communicar  livremente  com  o  Oceano  pelo  Amazonas. 

"Art.  K.  No  re<riinen(lo  ])resente  accordo,  o  despacho  das  merca- 

dorias   de   i)roceden(ia  estrano;eira,  que   para  Colombia  se  dirijani 

pelo  Amazonas  e  ))elo  T^a  ou  Putumayo,  jmdera  ser  feito  nas  alfan- 

(Irgns  de  ilanaos  ou   Helem.  como  rntrepostos,  segundo  a  legislavao 

braziloini. 


BRAZIL.  459 

"A  exporta^ao  de  generos  colombianos  poderd  tambem  ser  feita 
pelas  ditas  alfandegas,  sempre  que  a  ellas  cheguem  taes  generos 
devidamente  acompanhados  por  guias  de  exportapao  expedidas  no 
lugar  de  origem  por  autoridades  colombianas  e  f^jUthenticadas  pelas 
autoridades  do  posto  fiscal  brazileiro  do  I^d. 

**Art.  III.  O  Brazil  pemiittira — notificando  pr^Yiamente  o  seu 
numero — a  passagem  pelo  Amazonas  e  pelo  I^fi,,  aos  navios  de  guerra 
colombianos  que  se  dirijam  a  agiias  de  jurisdic^ao  colombiana  no 
Putumayo.  Reciprocamente,  Colombia  permittira  a  navega9ao  aos 
navios  de  guerra  brazileiros  nas  aguas  de  sua  jurisdicgao  no  Putumayo. 

''Esses  navios  ficarao  submettidos  aos  regulamentos  fiscaes  e  de 
policia,  no  caso  de  receberem  mercadorias  nos  respectivos  portos. 

**Art.  IV.  O  prescnte  modus  Vivendi  entrara  em  vigor  inmiediata- 
mente  e  durard  at6  ser  denunciado  ou  modificado  por  mutuo  accordo 
entre  os  dous  Governos. 

**Para  constar  assignam  e  sellam  com  sens  sellos  particulares  o 
presente  accordo,  em  Bogota,  aos  vinte  e  (juatro  de  abril  do  mil 
novecentos  e  sete. 

**(Assignado)  Eneas  Martins. 

''(Assignado)  Alfredo  Vasqiez  Cobo." 

PBOTOCOLIjO   COMPLEMENTAB   do   modus   VIVENDI  ASSIGNADO 
ENTBE  O  BRAZIL  E  A  COLOMBIA  EM  24  DE  ABBIL  DE  1907. 

''Reunidos  no  Ministerio  das  Rela^oes  Extorioros  da  Colombia, 
o  Ministro  Resident e  do  Brazil  cm  Missao  Especial,  Sr.  Dr.  Eneas 
MartinS;  Plenipotenciario  Brazileiro,  e  o  Ministro  das  Rela^oes 
Exteriores  da  Colombia,  ?r.  Gren.  Alp^redo  Vasquez  Cobo,  Pleni- 
potenciario Colombiano,  signatarios  do  accordo  de  modus  vivendi 
sobre  o  1^4  ou  Putumayo  de  vinte  e  quatro  de  abril  de  mil  novecentos 
e  sete,  concordaram,  em  nome  dos  sens  respectivos  Govemos  e  como 
parte  integrante  desse  modus  vivendi,  em  (iiie  o  referido  accordo  do 
modus  vivendi  sobre  o  I^a  ou  Putumayo  ficara  nullo  e  de  nenhum 
effeito  no  caso  de  nao  ser  approvado  ou  ratificado  opportunamonte 
o  tratado  de  fronteira,  tambem  assignado  em  data  de  hoje,  entre  a 
Pedra  de  Cucuhy  e  a  desembocadura  do  Apaporis  no  Japura  ou 
Caquet^. 

'^Para  constar,  assignam  o  presente  em  diiplicata  e  o  sellam  com 
seus  sellos  particulares  em  Bogota,  aos  vinte  e  quatro  de  abril  de  mil 
novecentos  e  sete. 

''(Assignado)  Eneas  Martins. 

''(Assignado)  Alfredo  Vasquez  Cobo." 


460    BECBETABIA  INTEBNACIONAL  DAS  BEPUBUCAS  AMEBICANA8. 

COLOMBIA. 

EXPLOItA9AO  DO  MABFIM  VEGETAL  NAS  FLOBESTA8  NACIONAB8. 

O  Presidente  Reyes,  da  Republica  da  Colombia,  promulgou 
em  26  de  dezembro  de  1907,  um  decreto,  em  virtude  do  qual,  a 
explora^ao  do  marfim  vegetal  nas  florestas  nacionaes  situadas  nas 
bacias  dos  rios  Atrato  e  Leon,  e  nas  margens  do  Golfo  de  Urabi, 
poderi  ser  fcita  por  companhias  e  particulares,  •  sem  concessao  ou 
licen^a  especial,  sob  as  seguintes  condi^Ses:  (a)  Cada  tonelada  de 
marfini  vegetal  deverd  pagar  um  direito  de  export  a^fio  de  $2;  (6)  o 
pagamento  do  referido  imposto  deverd  ser  feito  na  respectiva  alfan- 
dega,  a  partir  de  1°  de  abril  de  1908. 


CUBA. 


BELATOKIO  DO  GOVEBNADOIt  PKOVISOItlO  PABA  O  ANNO  DB  1007. 

O  Governador  Provisorio  da  Republica  de  Cuba,  nomeado  de 
accordo  com  o  tratado  celebrado  entre  esse  paiz  e  os  Estados  Unidos, 
apresentou,  em  12  de  Janeiro  de  1908,  seu  relatorio  anmial  ao  Secre- 
tario  da  Guerra  dos  Estados  Unidos,  no  qual  trata  minuciosamente 
das  condi^oes  economicas  que  teem  prevalecido  na  ilha  desde  a  revo- 
lu^ao  de  1906  ate  a  data. 

A  situa^ao  economica  da  Republica  6  satisfactoria.  Em  outubro 
do  anno  de  1906,  se  receava  que  a  revolu^ao  tinha  destruido  o  credito 
financeiro  da  Republica,  e  que  a  prolongada  secca  tinha  prejudicado 
enormemente  as  colheitas  de  canna  de  assucar,  de  fumo,  fructas  e 
legumes.  Era  a  opiniao  geral  que  as  rendas  das  alfandegas  dimin- 
uiriam  e  que  as  receitas  do  fisco  nfio  seriam  sufficient's  para  faser 
frente  &s  despezas  do  Governo.  Por^m,  succedeu  o  contrario  do 
que  se  esperava.  A  ilha  produziu  mais  assucar  que  nunca;  a  colheita 
do  fumo  foi  relativamente  pequena,  por6m  de  qualidade  superior, 
e  OS  pre^os  obtidos  pelo  producto  foram  os  mais  altos  jamais  regis- 
trados  na  historia  da  industria  em  Cuba.  As  colheitas  de  fructas  e 
legumes  foram  abundantes  e  demonstraram  um  augmento  satisfac- 
torio  na  area  em  cultivo,  em  compara^ao  com  os  ^nnos  anteriores,  e, 
ainda  que  a  produc^ao  diminuiu  como  resultado  da  secca,  os 
pre^os  obtidos  foram  altos.  As  rendas  aduaneiras  augmentaram 
consideravelmente,  e  o  estado  do  Thesouro  continuou  a  ser  excellente. 

O  valor  (las  mercadorias  importadas  durante  o  exercicio  de  1906-7 
foi  de  $96,673,989,  ou  menos  $7,721,603  que  no  exercicio  anterior. 
A  exporta^ao  neste  periodoattingiua$110,764,937,ou mais $5,565,622 
que  no  exercicio  de  1906. 


E8TAD08    UNIDOS.  461 

O  estado  da  industria  assucareira  est&  florescente.  £  a  opiniao  geral 
que  a  colheita  do  presente  anno  attingird  a  1,150,000  toneladas,  e 
que,  como  resultado  da  diminui^ao  havida  na  produc^&o  mundial,  o 
pre^o  seri  mais  elevado  que  o  da  actualidade. 


ESTADOS  UNIDOS. 

COMMEBCIO  COM  A  Alfl(£KICA  LATIN  A  EM  1907. 

O  volume  total  do  commercio  dos  Estados  Unidos  com  os  paizes 
latino-americanos  durante  o  anno  de  1907,  foi  no  valor  de  $558,279,201, 
(exportapdes,  $240,553,068  e  importa^Ses,  $317,726,133),  contra 
$521,311,077,  em  1906,  e  $493,609,785  em  1905.  Desses  algarismos 
resulta  um  augmento  a  favor  de  1907,  de  $36,968,124. 

O  valor  do  commercio  com  os  paizes  da  America  Central  durante  o 
anno  de  1907  ascendeu  a  $45,087,355,  contra  $38,690,379  em  1906,  o 
que  mostra  lun  augmento  de  $6,396,976.  O  commercio  com  o  Mexico 
augmentou  de  $114,273,188  em  1906,  a  $124,698,413  em  1907, 
resultando  um  augmento  a  favor  de  1907,  de  $10,425,225. 

O  commercio  dos  Estados  Unidos  com  Cuba  foi  no  valor  de 
$144,973,116  em  1907,  contra  $131,544,878  no  anno  anterior,  verifi- 
cando-se  um  augmento  de  $13,428,238  a  favor  de  1907.  Nota-se  o 
pequeno  augmento  de  $63,578  no  commercio  com  Haiti,  sendo  no 
valor  de  $4,366,273  em  1907,  contra  $4,302,755  em  1906.  O  com- 
mercio com  a  Republica  Dominicana  foi  no  valor  de  $5,860,693  em 
1907,  contra  $5,735,717  em  1906,  do  que  resulta  um  augmento  de 
$124,976  a  favor  de  1907. 

Os  paizes  sul-americanos  liguram  neste  commercio  com  $233,293,- 
351,  contra  $226,764,160  em  1906,  o  que  mostra  um  augmento  de 
$6,529,191.  Deste  augmento,  $4,452,191  representam  o  augmento 
verificado  nas  exporta^oes  de  productos  dos  Estados  Unidos  para  o 
Brazil. 

O  quadro  dado  na  pagina  367,  compilado  de  dados  organi- 
zados  pela  Reparti^ao  de  Estatistica  dos  Estados  Unidos,  mostra  o 
movimento  da  importa^ao  e  da  exporta^ao,  por  paizes  de  origcm  e  de 
destino. 

COMMEKCIO  EXTEBIOB  EM  1907. 

Segundo  os  dados  estatisticos  publicados  pela  Reparti9ao  de 
Estatistica,  o  valor  total  do  commercio  exterior  dos  Estados  Unidos 
durante  o  anno  de  1907  foi  de  $3,346,684,960,  contra  $3,118,745,006 
no  anno  de  1906,  o  qual  mostra  um  augmento  de  $227,939,954  a 
favor  do  anno  de  1907.  O  movimento  da  importa^ao  foi  no  valor 
de  $1,423,289,693  em  1907,  contra  $1,320,501,572  em  1906,  ao  passo 
que  a  expoHa^&o  attingiu  a  $1,923,395,267  em  1907 ,  com\>^\^vi"^  ^^^^ml 


462    SECRETAEIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  BEPTJBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

$1,798,243,434  em  1906.  Desses  algarismos  resulta  um  balan^  com- 
mercial de  $500,105,574  a  favor  dos  Estados  Unidos,  contra  $477,741,- 
862  verificado  no  anno  anterior. 

Do  valor  total  das  importa^oes  em  1907,  $736,959,040,  ou  mais  que 
a  metade  do  total,  representam  o  valor  das  mercadorias  procedentes 
da  Europa,  o  que  mostra  um  augment o  de  $35,000,000,  em  compara- 
9ao  com  o  anno  de  1906.  As  importa^Ses  procedentes  de  paizes 
norte-americanos  augmentaram  em  $26,000,000,  contribuindo  o 
ilcxico  para  este  augmento  com  $5,000,000,  e  a  America  Central, 
com  $2,000,000.  O  valor  das  importances  procedentes  de  paizos  sul- 
amoricanos  foi  virtualmente  o  mesmo  em  1907  que  em  1906,  sendo  do 
$147,680,943  e  $147,941,781,  respectivamente.  Comparando-se  a 
importa^ao  dessa  procedencia  com  a  do  anno  de  1905,  vd-se  que 
houve  um  augmento  de  cerca  de  $3,000,000.  As  importa^Ses  pro- 
cedentes da  Asia  augmentaram  em  $19,000,000;  as  procedentes  da 
Oceania  em  mais  de  $9,000,000,  e  as  provenient^s  da  Africa  em 
mais  de  $10,000,000.  A  preponderancia  da  Europa  no  case  das 
exporta^oes  6  ainda  maior:  de  um  total  de  $1,923,395,267,  81,313,- 
045,045  representam  as  com  destino  a  Europa,  ou  mais  de  $67,000,000 
quo  no  anno  anterior.  Xota-se  um  augmento  de  $36,000,000  nas 
exporta^oes  com  destino  a  paizes  norte-americanos,  dos  quaes  mais 
de  $5,000,000  representam  o  augmento  com  o  Mexico,  e  mais  de 
$4,000,000  com  a  America  Central.  As  exporta^Ses  com  destino 
a  paizos  sul-amoricanos  foram  no  valor  de  $15,612,408,  contra 
$78,822,379  em  1906,  o  qual  mostra  um  augmento  de  mais  de 
$6,000,000  a  favor  de  1907.  As  export a^oes  com  destino  6  Asia 
augmentaram  em  $10,000,000;  as  com  destino  k  Oceania  em 
$5,000,000,  0  as  para  Africa  om  $500,000. 

O  valor  official  do  commercio  exterior  durante  os  dous  annos,  em 
compara^ao,  foi  como  segue: 

IniportaTtlo.  Expnrtii(»o. 

I'lii/t's.  J 

,  am.  10(17.  .  191J6.  1907. 

i 

Europa S7(K).()r.7.a'iO  :  J73f.,«VKl.<Mn  '  $l.24ri.."M3.163       ?1.313.(HS..a-. 

AinrrioidoNorto li4().7(»!>.t»si  2fi7. 133.1»:a  ;       325.8«).319  »c2.  l«*.*s.^ 

Ani.Tica  do  Sill I47.1»41,7S1  147.(W0.M3  7S,W2.379  WMi.Wh 

Asia 1  l%.»i!».212  2Hi.l»;«.770  Hft.OT.i.SW*  W.l-T.l*-. 

Dn'aiiia 'J2.<HL>.'J«l3  ."C. 'Mk'). 03."  39.51«i,M7  44.. '»«).■!«> 

Afriia 12.  i:>l.r.4:,  22,710.072  lS.3»X).r<i8  In**' 7« 

Total l.:i2l).ri(H..')72        1.423.2M».«?.I3       l.nK243.434         l.ftSi.aoVJ--: 


O  niovinionto  do  ouro  durante  unnnofoi  o  seguinte:  Iraporta^oo>. 
$143,.S9S,()0r),  ou  inonos  812, 181,314  que  no  anno  de  1906;  exporta- 
Voos,  $55,215,081,  ou  soja  um  augmrnto  de  $8,506,523  sobre  o  anno 
anterior.  As  iinportavOos  do  prata  asconderam  a  $46,013,976,  contra 
944/227, S\l  em  1906,  o  as  oxportavoes  deste  metal  attingiram  a 
$01,625,866  em  1907,  contra  ?»6(^,9^7,091  no  anno  anterior. 


EST  ADOS    UNID08.  463 

O  movimento  maritimo  durante  o  anno  foi  o  seguintc:  Entrarani 
embarca^des  a  vela  de  2,905,768  toneladas,  e  embarca^oes  a  vapor 
de  35,513,482  toneladas,  contra  32,454,853  toneladas  em  1906; 
sahiram  embarca^des  a  vela  de  3,070,065  toneladas,  embarca^des  a 
vapor  de  35,186,499  toneladas,  contra  31,749,576  toneladas  no  anno 
anterior. 

CONTINXTA  EM  VIGOB  A  CONCESSAO  FEITA  A  GENEKOS  DE  PKO- 
CEDENCIA  NOBTE-AMEKICANA. 

O  Congresso  Brazileiro  approvou  em  11  de  Janeiro  ultimo  o  decroto 
mandando  observar  dentro  do  exercicio  de  1908  a  lei  de  30  de  junho 
de  1906,  que  concede  uma  reduc^ao  de  20  por  cento  nos  dircitos  de 
importa^ao  sobre  alguns  artigos  de  procedencia  norte-americana. 

DISTANCIAS    BELATIVAS    ENTBE    POBTOS    DO    ATLANTICO    E    DO 
PACIFICO  FOB  MAB  E  TEBBA. 

Segundo  os  dados  organizados  i)ela  Ilepartigao  de  Estatistica  dos 
Estados  Unidos,  a  distancia  entre  New  York  e  San  Francisco  i)elo 
caminho  directo  por  terra,  6  de  3,191  milhas;  via  Tehuan tepee, 
4,415  milhas;  via  Panama.,  5,305  milhas,  e  via  Estreito  de  Magalhaos, 
13,089  milhas.  A  distancia  entre  New  York  e  Port  Townsend,  6 
de  3,199  milhas  por  terra;  de  5,190  milhas,  via  Tehuantepec;  6,080 
milhas,  via  Panama,  e  13,848  milhas,  via  Estreito  de  Magalhaes. 
Entre  New  York  e  Honolulu,  a  distancia  por  terra  via  San  Francisco, 
6  de  5,288  milhas;  via  Port  Townsend,  5,659  milhas;  via  Tehuante- 
pec, 5,806  milhas;  via  PanamA,  6,686  milhas,  e  via  Estreito  de 
Magalhaes,  13,269  milhas. 

CONVENgJLO  FIXANDO   A   CONDI9AO  DOS    CIDADAOS   NATTJBALI- 

ZADOS. 

O  Congresso  dos  Estados  Unidos  approvou  em  13  de  Janeiro  de 
1908,  a  conven^ao  firmada  pclos  delegados  dos  Govemos  representados 
na  Terceira  Conferencia  Intemacional  Americana,  fixando  a  condi^ao 
dos  cidadaos  naturalizados  que  renovam  a  sua  residencia  no  paiz 
de  origem. 

A  conven^^ao  foi  submettida  ao  Prcsidente  dos  Estados  Unidos 
pelo  Secretario  de  Estado  em  1°  de  mar^o  de  1907,  e  por  olle  foi  apre- 
sentado  ao  Congresso  Nacional  para  sua  approva^ao. 

As  clausulas  da  conven^ao  sao  as  seguintes: 

'^Artigo  I.  Quando  um  cidadao  nato  de  qualquer  dos  paizos  que 
assignam  a  presente  conven^ao,  e  naturalizado  em  outro  delles, 
renovar  a  sua  residencia  no  paiz  dc  origem,  sem  a  intenfao  de  reg- 
ressar  ^quelle  em  que  se  tiver  naturalizado,  ser^  considerado  oomo 
tendo  reassumido  a  sua  originaria  qualidade  de  cidadao  e  como 
tendo  renunciado  k  qualidade  de  cidadao  adquirida  com  essa  natura- 
liza^&o. 


464    SECRETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

'^Akt.  II.  A  inten^ao  de  nao  regressar  ser^  presumida,  quando  a 
pessoa  naturalizada  residir  no  paiz  de  origem  por  mais  de  dous 
annos.  Por^m  essa  presump^ao  ])oderd  ser  destruida  por  prova  em 
contrario. 

''Akt.  III.  Esta  conven^ao  entrard  em  vigor,  entre  os  paizes  que  a 
ratificarem,  tres  mezes  depois  da  data  em  que  esses  paizes  com- 
municarem  a  sua  ratifica^ao  ao  Governo  dos  Estados  Unidos  do 
Brazil;  e,  si  for  denunciada  por  um  delles,  continuard  em  vigor  por 
mais  um  anno,  a  contar  da  data  da  denuncia. 

''Art.  IV.  A  denuncia  desta  conven^ao,  por  qualquer  dos  Estados 
signatarios,  far-se-lia  perante  o  Governo  dos  Estados  Unidos  do 
Brazil,  e  somente  terd  effeito  para  o  paiz  que  a  fizer." 


MEXICO. 

COMMEKCIO  EXTEKIOK  DTJBANTE  OS  PBXMEIBOS  QXTATBO  MEZB8 

DE  1907-8. 

Segundo  os  dados  publicados  pela  Divisfio  de  Estatistica  do  Depar- 
tamento  da  Fazenda  e  Credito  Publico  da  Republica  do  Mexico,  o 
valor  total  dos  generos  importados  durante  os  primeiros  quatro  mezes 
de  1907-8  (julho  a  outubro  de  1907)  foi  de  82,798,007.66  pesos,  contra 
68,574,700.19  pesos  em  igual  periodo  do  anno  anterior,  do  que  resulta 
uma  difTeren<?a  de  14,423,307.47  pesos  a  favor  de  1907-8.  Foram 
importados  durante  o  mez  de  outubro  de  1907,  generos  no  Valor  de 
21,890,617  pesoSj  contra  18,282,732.61  pesos  em  igual  mez  de  1906,  o 
que  mostra  um  augmento  de  3,607,884.62  pesos. 

A  exporta^ao  no  poriodo  cm  referencia  foi  avaliada  em  86,373,450.26 
pesoSj  cm  compara^ao  com  72,768,991.91  pesos  em  igual  periodo  do 
exercicio  de  1906  7,  verilicando-se  um  augmento  de  13,604,458.35 
pesos  a  favor  de  1907.  Foram  exportados  durante  o  mez  de  outubro 
de  1907,  generos  no  valor  de  21,568,413.86  pesos,  contra  19,001,191.17 
pesos  em  igual  mez  de  1906,  o  que  mostra  um  augmento  de  2,567,222.69 
pesos  a  favor  de  1907. 

MOVIMENTO     DAS     MEBCADOBIAS     NOKTE-AMEBICANAS     PBLO 
ISTHMO  DE  TEHTJANTEPEC  EM  1907. 

O  valor  total  das  mcrcadorias  transportadas  entre  os  portos  da 
costa  oriental  c  os  da  costa  occidental  dos  Estados  Unidos  via  Isthmo 
de  Tchuantepcc  durante  o  anno  de  1907,  6  calculado  em  25  at*  30 
milhoes  de  dollars.  Segundo  os  dados  fomecidos  &  Reparti^&o  de 
Estatistica  do  Dcpartamento  do  Commcrcio  e  Trabalho,  o  valor  das 
mcrcadorias  enviadas  dos  portos  da  costa  oriental  dos  Estados  Unidos 
para  o  Pacifico  via  Tehuantepec  foi,  no  primeiro  trimestre  do  anno. 


MEXICO.  465- 

de  $1,330,000,  approximadamente;  no  segundo  trimestrc,  mais  de 
$4,000,000;  no  torceiro  trimestre,  mais  de  $4,000,000;  e  no  quarto 
trimestre,  $4,000,000,  approximadamente.  As  mercadorias  onviadas 
da  costa  do  Pacifico  via  Tehuan tepee  consisiiram  em  sua  maior  parte 
de  assucar  proveniente  do  Hawaii,  pois  os  exportadores  de  Hawaii 
agora  enviam  o  assucar  com  destino  k  costa  oriental  dos  Estados 
Unidos  via  Isthmo  de  Tehuantepec,  em  vez  de  pelo  Cabo  Horn  como 
outr'ora.  A  quantidade  de  assucar  enviado  das  ilhas  Hawaii  para  os 
portos  do  Atlantico  (principalmente  Philadelphia  e  New  York)  durante 
o  primeiro  trimestre  do  anno  foi  no  valor  de  um  pouco^menos  de 
$2,000,000 ;  no  segundo  trimestre,  de  $3,500,000 ;  no  terceiro  trimestre,. 
de  mais  de  $5,000,000,  e  no  quarto  trimestre,  de  $5,000,000,  approxi- 
madamente. 

Os  navios  empregados  no  transporte  do  assucar  vfio,  durante  os 
mezes  da  colheita,  directamente  de  Hawaii  ao  ponto  tenninal  no  Pa- 
cifico da  estrada  de  ferro  de  Tehuantepec,  c  depois  de  descarregarem, 
tomam  a  direc^ao  norte  pela  costa  occidental  dos  Estados  Unidos  at6- 
San  Francisco,  e  4s  vezes  at6  os  portos  do  Estreito  de  Puget  e  daqui 
&s  ilhas  Hawaii,  aonde  recebem  carga  e  vao  outra  vez  para  o  porto  de 
Tehuantepec,  durante  a  6poca  da  colheita  do  assucar,  e  em  outras 
6pocas  do  anno,  para  o  porto  de  San  Francisco  e  daqui  pela  costa  e<^^ 
o  porto  de  Tehuantepec.  A  distancia  entre  Hawaii  e  New  York  via 
Tehuantepec  6  de  5,806  milhas,  contra  12,269  milhas  que  representa- 
a  distancia  via  Cabo  Horn.  A  abertura  ao  trafego  desta  nova  linha 
transcontinental  tem  sido  de  grande  beneficio  as  industrias  dos  Es- 
tados Unidos,  (jue  nao  s6  forneceram  os  materiaos  necessarios  a  sua 
construc^ao,  mas  tambem  o  petroleo  que  se  usa  nas  suas  locomotivas 
vem  dos  po90s  do  Texas,  ainda  que  se  espere  que  no  proximo  futuro- 
este  combustivel  seja  fomecido  pelos  terrenos  de  petroloo  do  Mexico 
adjacentes  d  linha.  A  quantidade  de  cargas  transportadas  por  csta 
nova  linha  no  anno  de  1907,  o  primeiro  do  scu  funccionamento,  6  eal- 
culada  em  600,000  toneladas.  A  estrada  entronca-se  com  outras 
linhas  que  a  ligam  a  Vera  Cruz  e  d  cidade  de  Mexico,  assim  pondo-a 
em  communica^ao  directa  com  os  systemas  de  via^ao  do  Mexico  e 
dos  Estados  Unidos. 

As  mercadorias  norte-americanas  em  transito  pelo  Isthmo  sao' 
transportadas  em  carros  fechados  e  entram  nos  portos  dos  Estados 
Unidos  livres  de  direitos.  O  Govemo  do  Mexico  tem  um  grande 
numcro  de  agentes  fiscaes  nos  dous  pontos  terminaes  da  estrada  para 
impedir  que  as  mercadorias  norte-americanas  que  tenham  de  transi- 
tar  pelo  Isthmo,  sejam  introduzidas  clandestinamente  no  Mexico, 
ao  passo  que  o  Governo  dos  Estados  Unidos  tambem  man  tem  um 
agente  em  um  e  outro  termino  da  linha  para  impedir  que  generos 
mexicanos  sejam  incluidos  entre  os  americanos  que  tenham  de  i^ass8.r 

29039— Bull.  2—08 15 


466    SECRETARTA  TNTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 

pelo  Istluno.  Os  pontos  terminacs  da  liiiha  estao  dotados  de  c&es 
de  a^o  do  typo  mais  modemo,  apparelhados  de  guindastes  a  vapor 
e  electricos,  de  modo  que  os  carros  da  linha  podem  receber  cargas  ou 
descarregar  directamente  para  os  navios  atracados  no  c4es.  O 
tempo  exigido  para  o  transporte  de  mercadorias  atravez  do  Istlinio 
6  de  menos  de  vinte  e  quatro  horas  e  o  tempo  necessario  para  todo  o 
scrvn^o,  desde  o  desembarque  em  iim  porto  at6  o  embarque  no  outro, 
6  menos  de  quarenta  e  oito  horas.  Linhas  de  vapores  fazem  o  ser- 
vipo  regular  entre  Coatzacoalcos  no  lado  do  Golfo  e  Philadelphia  e 
New  York^  e  entre  Salina  Cruz  no  lado  do  Pacifico  e  os  portos  da  costa 
occidental  dos  Estados  Unidos  e  as  ilhas  Hawaii,  ao  passo  que  diver- 
sas  linhas  fazendo  o  servi^o  com  paizes  estrangeiros  tambem  tocam 
nostcs  portos. 

Este  enorme  augmento  no  intercambio  commercial  entre  os  portos 
do  Atlantico  e  do  Pacifico  por  via  da  pequena  faixa  de  terra  que 
separa  esses  ocoanos,  6  devido  principalmente  k  abertura  ao  trafego, 
em  principios  de  1907,  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Tehuantepec,  com  uma 
extensao  de  190  milhas,  sendo  sens  pontos  terminaes  Goatzacoalcos, 
no  lado  do  Atlantico,  e  Salina  Cruz,  no  lado  do  Pacifico.  A  liga^&o 
dos  dous  oceanos  por  uma  linha  de  menos  do  200  milhas  de  extensao 
foi  projectada  antes  (lue  fosse  construida  a  primeira  estrada  de  ferro 
transcontinental  nos  Estados  Unidos,  a  primeira  concess&o  tendo  sido 
feita  pelo  Governo  do  Mexico  em  1857.  Mas  como  esta  concessao, 
assim  como  as  posteriormente  feitas,  nao  deram  resultado,  o  Govemo 
mexicano  em  1882  tomou  a  si  a  construc9ao  da  linha,  fazendo  para 
isso  varios  contratos,  em  virtude  dos  quaes  a  hnha  foi  concluida  em 
1894;  mas  devido  a  condi^oes  defeituosas  tomou-se  necessario  re- 
construil-a  em  parte,  sendo  essa  reconstruc^ao  feita  mediante  um 
arranjo  que  o  Governo  do  Mexico  fez  com  una  firma  da  Grfi  Bretanha, 
tendo  sido  a  linha  efTectivamente  aberta  ao  trafego  em  Janeiro  de 
1907. 

KENDAS  ADUANEIBAS  EM  DEZEMBKG  DE  1907. 

As  rondas  arrecadjuhis  pelas  alfandegas  da  RepubUca  no  mez  do 
dezenibro  de  1907,  forani  na  importancia  de  $4,687,312.54,  sendo 
$4,516,961.31  o  producto  dos  direitos  de  importapao;  $69,494.66  o 
dos  direitos  dc  export a^ao,  e  S  100,856.57  os  impostos  de  doca. 

EXPORT AgAO  DO  HENNEQUEN  EM  1907. 

A  (|uantidade  total  de  liennequen  exportado  pelos  portos  de  Pro- 
gresso  o  Catnpoche,  Kstado  de  Yucatan,  durante  o  anno  de  1907,  foi  de 
652, ISS  fardos,  contra  626,785  fardos  em  1906. 

A  ((uantidade  (»x])ortada  pelo  porto  de'Progresso,  que  6  o  principal 
porta  do  exportafao  desse  proilucto,  foi  de  613,747  fardos,  sendo 2,500 
^arclos  export lulos  ])elo  porto  de  Cav\\pv.^d\e. 


NICABAGUA. 


467 


Da  quantidade  total  exportada,  590,923  fardos  foram  com  destino 
aos  Estados  Unidos,  sendo  o  restante  distribuido  entre  os  seguintes 
paizes : 


Paizes. 

Fardos. 

(*fii^v\A 

45>860 

Cuba 

8,282 

Inglaterra 

4,245 

Belgica 

1,253 

AUemAnha  . , -  -  - - 

681 

Franga 

350 

Paizos, 


ItaUa 

Hespanha 

Austria 

Russia 

Rppublica  Argentina 
Brazil 


Fardos. 

275 

185 

120 

7 

4 

3 

NICARAGUA. 


NOVA  LEI  DB  AQBICTTLTUTtA. 


Com  o  fim  de  promover  por  todos  os  meios  possiveis  a  agricultura 
e  a  industria  pecuaria  da  Republica,  as  quaes  sao  as  principaes  fontes 
da  riqueza  do  paiz,  o  Presidente  da  Republica  promulgou,  em  data 
de  22  de  norembro  de  1907,  uma  lei  creando  um  Conselho  Superior, 
Juntas  e  Commissoes  de  Agricultura  e  Industria  Pecuaria.  O  Con- 
selho Superior  serd  composto  de  cinco  membros,  com  se<le  em  Ma- 
nagua, a  capital  da  Republica,  tendo  como  seu  presidente  o  Ministro 
do  Fomento.  Uma  junta  de  agricultura  e  industria  pecuaria  ser& 
cstabelecida  em  cada  departamento  e  nos  Territorios  de  San  Juan  del 
Norte  e  Cabo  de  Gracias  k  Dios,  tendo  coramissdes  nas  villas  e 
aldeias.  As  juntas  e  commissdes  ficarao  subordinadas  ao  Conselho 
Superior. 

A  lei  em  referencia  tern  seis  titulos  e  vinte  e  seis  secedes.  O  pri- 
meiro  titulo  trata  da  organiza^ao;  o  segundo,  das  attribuipoes  e 
obriga^des  do  Conselho  Superior,  das  jimtas  e  commissdes;  o  terceiro, 
das  obriga^oes  das  juntas;  o  quarto,  das  obriga^Oes  das  commiss5cs; 
o  quinto,  das  attribui^oes  e  obriga^oes  dos  membros  o  das  directorias 
dessas  juntas,  e  o  sexto  trata  de  disposi^oes  geraes.  O  Conselho 
Superior  dever^  desenvolver,  por  intermedio  dos  consules  de  Nica- 
ragua, activa  propaganda  dos  productos  agricolas  nacionaes  no 
exterior. 


468    SECRETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

PANAMA. 

KENDAS  FISCAES  EM  1907. 

As  rendas  fiscaes  arrecadadas  pelo  Govemo  do  Panama  no  anno 
de  1907  foram  na  importancia  de  $2,439,301.68,  ou  $5,436.05  em 
excesso  da  estimativa  or^amentaria.  Esta  somma  foi  prove- 
nientc  das  seffuintes  f ontes : 


1906. 


1907. 


Imposto  de  10  por  cento  sobre  mercadorias 

Imposto  dc  importaQ&o  sobre  bebidas  espirituosas. 

Imposto  sobre  fumo  e  cigarros 

Imposto  sobre  sal 

Imposto  sobre  phosphoros 

Imposto  so))re  caf<^ 

Imposto  sobre  opio , 

Imposto  de  doca , 

Imposto  sobre  distillarias , 

Imposto  tfobro  gado  abatido 

Servigo  postal 

Patentes  c  marcas  de  fabrica 

Imposto  de  mliias , 

Imposto  de  sello 

Emolumentos  por  registros 

Imposto  srtbre  generos  exportados 

Imposto  de  lx?ns  moveis  e  immoveis 

Imposto  sobre  lotorias 

Imposto  nor  pescii  dc  madreperola 

Kendas  dos  proprios  do  Ooverno 

Emolumentos  consulares 

Imposto  de  phar6es 

Servigo  teh>graphico 

Rendas  diversas 

Encommcndas  postaes 

Cam))ios 

Imposto  por  vendii  de  bobidia  espirituosas 

Privilpgios  de  costa 

Imposto  sobre  gado  imporlado 

Mcreudo  pu])lico 

Enterros 

Juros  dc  ompn!stiinos 


S593.657.20  , 
317.078.48  ; 
45.847. 70  I 
4.664.81  I 
ll.99a68  I 
11,533.47  I 


$757,  S 

438,290110 

205,478.83 

7,660.40 

19,563.38 

27,412.70 

'      3,183.56 

10,87&57 

25,441.87 

127,583.77 

63, 42a  95 

l,7O&0O 

2,629.65 

51,197.44 

6,078.17 

43,063.79 

30,152.42 

63,O00l0O 

OOOlOO 

9,718.01 

89,518.13 

3,530.63 

5,05523 

22,118.23 

8,971.03 

5.507.50 

84,820.50 

42500 

16,841.50 

2,252.08 

1.084.38 

294,0001 00 


Total. 


2,419.301.68 


MEKCADOmAS  DOS  ESTADOS  UNIDOS  QUE  TBANSITABAM  PSIX) 
ISTHMO  DE  PANAMA  EM  1907. 

O  valor  das  mercadorias  procedentes  dos  Estados  Unidos  com 
destino  (i  outras  partes  dos  Estados  Unidos  ou  k  paizes  estrangeiros, 
que  foram  transportadas  pola  ostrada  de  ferro  de  Panam&  durante  o 
anno  de  1907  foi  do  $12,000,000  at6  815,000,000.  Desta  somma, 
$4,000,000,  approximadamente,  representam  o  valor  das  mercado- 
rias enviadas  de  Xew  York  para  portos  dos  Estados  Unidos  no  Paci- 
fico;  $7,000,000,  o  valor  das  mercadorias  exportadas  de  Xew  York 
para  os  paizes  da  America  Central  e  os  da  costa  occidental  da  Ame- 
rica do  Sul;  e  de  $2,000,000  a  $3,000,000,  o  valor  dos  productos 
enviados  de  wSan  Francisco  para  os  portos  da  costa  oriental  dos 
Estados  Unidos.  As  mercadorias  enviadas  de  New  York  para  08 
portos  da  costa  occidental  dos  Estados  Unidos  via  Panam&y  foram 
com  clostino  a  San  Diego,  Santa  Barbara,  Los  Angeles,  Oakland, 
San  Francisco,  Portland,  SeatUe  eSpoV«LTv^,^%a^^  foram  enviadas 


SALVADOR.  469 

por  este  caminho  para  o  exterior  foram  distribuidas  ao  Chile,  Peru, 
Equador,  Bolivia,  Colombia,  Panamd,  Costa  Rica,  Honduras, 
Nicaragua,  Guatemala,  Mexico  e  os  portos  da  Colombia  Britannica. 
Estes  carregamentos  consistiam  de  mercadorias  de  todas  as  classes, 
avultando  a  came,  farinha  de  trigo,  tecidos  de  algodao,  oleo  mineral, 
machinas  de  niinera^ao,  manufacturas  de  ferro  e  de  a^o  e  manufac- 
turas  diversas.  Os  carregamentos  enviados  de  San  Francisco  via 
PanamA,  para  os  portos  da  costa  oriental  dos  Estados  Unidos,  foram 
destinados  a  Tampa,  Philadelphia,  New  York,  New  Haven  o  Boston, 
6  consistiam  de  vinhos,  chumbo  em  linguados,  azougue,  couros  e 
pelles,  o  mercadorias  diversas. 


PERU. 

GENEKOS    IMFOKTADOS  DE   NEW  TOBK    DTJBANTE   O  PBIMEntO 

SEMESTBE  DE  1907. 

Durante  os  primeiros  seis  mezes  de  1907  entraram  na  Republica, 
procedentes  do  porto  de  New  York,  generos  no  valor  de  $2,557,880, 
euro  americano.  Os  generos  dessa  procedencia  reccbidos  durante  o 
mez  de  junho  do  mesmo  anno  foram  no  valor  de  $373,089. 


SALVADOR. 

MOVIMENTO  DA  EXP0BTA9£0  DTJBANTE  O  PBIMEIBO  SEMESTBE 

DE  1907. 

Segundo  os  ultimos  dados  cstatisticos  recebidos  de  Salvador,  a 
quantidade  dos  productos  exportados  durante  o  primeiro  semestre 
de  1907,  foi  de  50,079,904  Ubras,  no  valor  de  11,285,531.03  pesos. 
Os  artigos  quo  mais  avultaram  na  exporta^ao  foram  o  caf6,  cuja 
exporta^ao  foi  no  valor  de  8,739,259.50  pesos,  o  assucar  e  o  bal- 
samo.  A  exporta^ao,  por  paizes  de  destino,  foi  a  seguinte:  Estados 
Unidofi^,  3,543,438.83  pesos;  Franca,  2,339,233.03  pesos;  AUemanha, 
1,802,289.13  pesos,  e  Italia,  1,479,214.01  pesos, 

BENDAS  ADUANEIBAS,  PBIMEIBO  SEMESTBE  DE  1907. 

O  total  das  rendas  arrecadadas  pelas  alfandegas  da  Republica  de 
Salvador  durante  o  primeiro  semestre  de  1907,  import ou  em  2,880,- 
388.44  pesos,  sendo  2,280,144.82  pesos  o  producto  dos  direitos  de  im- 
porta^ao,  e  564,586.22  pesos  o  dos  direitos  de  exporta^ao,  e  o  restante 
sendo  provenicnte  de  fontcs  diversas.  Comparando-se  as  rendas 
com  as  de  igual  periodo  de  1906,  verifica-se  uma  diminui^ao  em  1907 
de  354,382.25  pesos. 


470    SECRETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS. 
MOVIMENTO  HABITIHO  NO  PitlMEntO  SEMBSTBE  DE  1007. 

Segundo  os  ultimos  dados  estatisticos  recebidos  de  Salvador,  o 
movimento  maritimo  da  Repiiblica  durante  o  primeiro  semestre  de 
1907  foi  o  seguinte:  Entraram  216  vapores  e  75  navios  de  vela,  com 
13,313  tripolantes,  15,648  toneladas  de  carga,  1,747  passageiros,  392 
caixas,  2,559  saccos  e  337  volumes  de  malas;  sahiram  igual  numero 
de  vapores  e  navios  de  vela,  com  343,116  volumes  de  productos 
nacionaes,  1,551  passageiros,  376  caixas,  844  saccos  e  491  volumes 
de  malas. 


URUGUAY. 

PKODXJCgJLO  DE  CEBEAES  E  LINHO  EM  1906-7. 

O  Departamento  dc  Industria  Pastoril  e  de  Agricultura  da  Repu- 
blica  do  Uruguay  publicou  em  dezembro  de  1907  os  dados  estatis- 
ticos da  produc^ao  de  cereaes  e  de  liuho  no  anno  agricola  de  1906-7. 
Conforme  esses  dados  a  area  sob  cultivo  foi  a  seguintc:  252,253 
hectares  em  trigo,  212,154  hectares  em  milho,  23,529,  em  linho, 
135,944,  em  aveia,  1,883,  em  cevada  e  2,556,  em  sement^s  para  pas- 
saros.  A  quantidade  semeada  durante  o  anno  agricola  a  que  se 
refere  foi  a  seguinte:  Trigo,  17,824,934  kilos;  linho,  954,141  kilos; 
avcia,  135,944  kilos;  cevada,  129,652  kilos;  sementes  para  passaros, 
84,790  kilos,  c  milho,  2,661,355  kilos.  A  produc^ao  foi  a  seguinte: 
Trigo,  186,884,432  kilos;  linho,  21,930,704  kilos;  aveia,  1,752,247 
kilos;  cevada,  1,576,213  kilos;  sementes  para  passaros,  1,638,182  kilos, 
e  milho,  136,136,240  kilos.  A  prwluc^ao  m^dia  por  hectare  foi  a 
seguinte:  Trigo,  740  kilos;  linho,  742  kilos,  e  milho,  641  kilos. 


PRODUC^glO  DE  ASSUCAR  NA  AMERICA  LATINA. 

A  '^Brazilian  Review''  de  3  de  dezembro  de  1907  publica  os 
dados  estatisticos  da  producyao  de  assucar  em  diversos  paizos  da 
America  Latina.  Os  algarismos  correspondentes  ao  exercicio  de 
1907-8  upcMias  reprosentani  estimativas,  por6m,  reproduzimoe-os 
como  base  para  a  coniparavao  com  a  pnulucvao  do  anno  anteritir. 


VniMs,                                                                                     ■ 

li«i7  fi.  !'.«»-- 7. 

Amf rica  (Vntral 24.000  ItljmU 

Kfpii)»lica  ArgrntiTui VX.OiW  \\9JW0 

BnrAi ; iKo.  000  JIS.  two 

Cuba 1.-Jt4).00l»  1.  tN.rtW 

Jlttlti  o  a  Ki'pulilica  Doinlfiic.-nji tjO.OOO  lO.OOO 

Mexico 1 15.  OtW  lOs.  oi» 

I'vru 145.000  140.  OU) 


-I     r- 

>    7 


5  ! 


Bulletin  Mensuel 

Dl' 

Bureau  International  des  RIipubliques  AmMcaines, 

rnioii  Internationale  des  R^pnbliqnes  Am^ricaines. 


Vol.  XXVI.  FfiVRIER  1908.  No.  2. 


(Un  grand  nombrc  des  articles  quo  Ton  traite  ci-dessoiis  no  sont  publien  m  entier 
que  dans  les  parties  anglaise  et  espagnolo  du  Bulletin.) 

Cest  h  Buenos- Ayres,  capitale  de  la  R6publique  ^Vrgentine,  que 
la  quatridme  Conference  pan-am6ricaine  aura  lieu  en  1910.  On  a 
pris  cette  decision  k  la  reunion  ordinaire  du  conseil  d' administration 
du  Bureau  international  tenue  le  5  ffivrier  1908.  On  a  vot6  k  Tunani- 
mitfi  en  faveur  de  Buenos-Ayres  et  les  repr6sentants  diplomatiques, 
en  faisant  part  de  1' approbation  de  leur^  g^ouvemements  ont  parl6 
en  termes  trds  flatteurs  du  choix  de  cette  ville  Qomme  lieu  de  reu- 
nion. Beaucoup  de  membres  du  conseil  d*  administration  assistaient 
h,  cette  reunion,  et  ils  ont  tons  montr6  le  plus  vif  interfit  dans  les 
premieres  d-marches  faites  en  vue  de  la  prochaine  conference  des 
R6publiques  am6ricaines.  Le  conseil  d' administration  a  Tintention 
de  faire  de  grands  pr6paratifs  pour  cette  reunion  afin  que  cette  con- 
ference continue  dignement  le  travail  fait  par  les  trois  conferences 
pr^cedentes  qui  ont  eu  lieu  k  Washington,  k  Mexico  et  k  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  respectivement.  Buenos- Ayres  est  on  ne  pent  mieux 
choisi  pour  le  lieu  de  reunion  de  la  conference  en  1910,  car  la  R-epu- 
blique  Argentine  fait  des  preparatifs  pour  ceiebrer  dignement  le  *cen- 
tenaire  de  Fanniversairc  de  son  indepemlance.  Get  ev6nement 
interesse  TAmerique  tout  entidre.  II  y  aura  une  exposition  en  com- 
memoration de  rannivorsaire  national  qui  attirera  certainement  un 
grand  nombre  de  personncs  des  fitats-Unis  et  d' Europe.  La  popu- 
lation de  Buenos- A}Tcs  s'61iVvc  actuellenient  a  1,400,000  habitants, 
et  elle  augmente  aussi  rapidement  que  les  autres  villes  des  fitats- 
Unis,  k  Texception  toutefois  de  New  York  et  de  Chicago.  Buenos- 
Ayres,  qui  pent  se  compter  parmi  les  grandes  capitales  du  monde, 
est,  par  consequent,  un  endroit  des  mieux  choisis  pour  la  reunion  de 
la  conference  americaine,  ainsi  que  pour  une  grande  exposition  int^i:- 


472     BUBEAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

nationale.  En  choisissant  d^  maintenant  Tendroit  et-la-xiate,  le 
Gouvemeinent  argentin  aura  tout  le  temps  n^cessaire  pour  faire  ses 
pr6paratifs  et  le  conseil  d' administration  du  Bureau  pourra  preparer 
le  programme  de  la  conference. 


CONVENTIONS     ET    DECISIONS    DE    LA    TROISIEME    CONFERENCE    PAN- 

AMERICAINE. 

Un  rapport  tr^s  important  a  6t6  soumis  au  conseil  d' administra- 
tion S.  sa  demiere  reunion  au  sujet  des  conventions  et  voeux  signfo 
k  la  troisieme  Conference  pan-am6ricaine  tenue  k  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Le 
comit6  charg6  de  preparer  ce  rapport  se  composait  de  M.  J.  N.  L£g£r, 
ministre  d' Haiti,  de  Sefior  Don  Epifanio  Portela,  ministre  de  la  R6- 
publique  Argentine,  de  Sefior  Don  Felipe  Pardo,  ministre  du  P6rou 
et  ainsi  que  du  Directeur  et  du  Secretaire  du  Bureau.  On  public 
in  extenso  dans  ce  num6ro  du  Bulletin  ce  rapport  qui  fait  voir  oil  en 
est  la  situation  au  sujet  du  travail  des  trois  conferences.  H  montre 
aussi  la  voie  que  doivent  prendre  beaucoup  de  gouvemements  pour 
approuver  ou  dfeapprouver  les  voeux  et  conventions  afin  de  laisser  la 
voie  libre  k  la  quatriSme  conference.  Le  comit6  engage  fortement 
les  membres  du  conseil  d' administration  k  en  r6f6rer  k  leurs  gouver- 
nements  respectifs  pour  que  ces  demiers  prennent  imm^diateinent 
en  consideration  ces  voeux  et  conventions  de  manifere  k  pouvoir  les 
ratifier  ou  etudier  les  amendements  qui  pourraient  y  6tre  apport^s 
afin  de  les  soumettre  k  la  prochaine  conference.  Parmi  les  recom- 
mandations  les  plus  importantes  du  comite  on  remarque  celle 
qui  autorisc  le  Directeur  k  etablir  une  section  de  renseignements 
statistiquos  et  commerciaux,  creant  ainsi  une  sousdivision  dans  le 
travail  du  Bureau  international.  Le  comite  recommande  aussi  que 
les  differents  pays  votent  favorablement  sans  deiai  T augmentation 
de  leurs  quotes-parts  de  50  pour  cent  pour  le  maintien  du  Bureau 
et  que  les  pays  qui  sont  en  retard  k  payer  leurs  quotes-parts  pour 
le  maintien  du  Bureau  et  aussi  pour  le  nouveau  b&timent  versent 
ces  UiflFerentes  sommes  sans  plus  tarder  afin  que  le  travail  du  Bureau 
ne  soit  pas  entrave  et  que  la  construction  du  nouveau  b&timent  ne 
soit  pas  retardec. 

rapport    special    de    M.    WILLIAM    R.    SHEPHERD. 

On  public  dans  ce  numero  du  Bulletin  le  rapport  intSressant  et 
etendu  prepare  par  le  Professeur  William  R.  Shepherd  sur  les  rela- 
tions commerciales  entre  les  fitats-Unis  et  TAmerique  du  Sud.  Tous 
ceux  i\m  s'interessent  au  devcloppement  du  commerce  et  au  resserre- 
ment  de  J'a/nitie  entre  les  pays  du  Continent  Americain  le  liront  avec 
plaisir.     On  se  souvient  que  M.  SinariLE.\\i>,  ^tofeaseur  k  rUnivemt*  de 


BUREAU   INTEBNATIONAL   DES   REPUBLTQUES   AMEBIC AINES.     173 

Colombie  k  New- York  et  Tun  des  membres  les  plus  distinguAs  de  la 
faculty,  a  fait  le  tour  de  T Am6rique  du  Sud  en  1907.  Dans  son  voyage 
il  a  visit6  TEquateur,  le  P6rou,  la  Bolivie,  le  Chili,  la  R6publique 
Argentine,  TUruguay  et  le  Br6sil.  II  est  all6  par  la  c6te  ouest,  via 
Panama,  et  il  est  revenu  par  la  c6te  est  et  Rio-de-Janeiro.  Sur  la 
demande  du  Directeur  du  Bureau  il  a  fait  des  recherches  sp6ciales 
pour  cette  institution  et  il  fait  part  de  ses  id6es  dans  ce  rapport.  M. 
Shepherd  6tudie  de  prfes  les  affaires,  et  il  a  tou jours  montr6  le  plus 
grand  intfirfit  k  la  question  du  rapprochement  de  TAm^rique  du  Nord 
et  du  Sud.  II  est  k  souhaiter  que  Texemple  de  M.  Shepherd  soit 
suivi  par  les  professeurs  de  colleges  qui  occupent  des  postes  similaires 
dans  diff6rentes  institutions  de  ce  pays,  afin  que  par  ce  moyen  on. 
puisse  6veiller  aux  fitats-Unis  un  plus  grand  int6r6t  pour  tout  ce  qui 
regarde  les  R6publiques  Latino- Am6ricaines. 


feTUDE    SUR    L^HISTOIRE    ET    LA    POLITIQUE    DE    L^AMERIQUE    DU     SUD. 

M.  Hiram  Bingham,  professeur  k  T  University  de  Yale,  a  lu  devant 
I'Association  des  Sciences  politiques  am6ricaines,  r6unie  k  Madison, 
Wisconsin,  le  28  d^cembre  1907,  un  article  tres  int^ressant  qu'il  a 
6crit  au  sujet  des  lemons  k  tirer  de  Thistoire  et  de  la  politique  sud- 
am6ricaines.  Get  article  est  si  original  et  pr6sente  tant  d'int6r6t  k 
tous  les  6tudiants  et  autres  personnes  qui  s'occupent  de  rAm6rique 
Latine  qu'on  le  reproduit  en  entier  dans  ce  num6ro  du  Bulletin. 
Le  Directeur  le  recommande  au  grand  nombre  de  professeurs  et 
d'6tudiants  des  institutions  am^ricaines  qui  s^occupent  maintenant 
de  r6tude  de  I'histoire  et  de  la  politique  de  nos  R6publiques  soeurs. 
Le  Bureau  re^oit  constamment  de  la  part  d^6tudiants  qui  se  trouvent 
dans  les  principales  maisons  d*6ducation  des  fitats-Unis  des  lettres 
demandant  des  renseignemcnts  sur  des  sujets  dont  le  professeur 
Bingham  a  parl6  dans  cet  article.  Les  f aits  et  renseignemcnts  qu'il 
contient  6tonneront  la  majority  de  ceux  qui  ne  se  sont  mfime  pas  faits 
une  id6e  du  grand  nombre  d'occasions  qui  se  prfeentent  aux  fitats- 
Unis  pour  Ffitude  de  ce  sujet.  A  I'aide  des  renseignements  donnas 
par  M.  Bingham,  toute  personne  pent  commencer  imm6diatement 
des  recherches  sur  les  faits  g6n6raux  ou  sp6ciaux  dc  I'histoire  et  de 
la  politique  de  FAm^rique  du  Sud. 


ASSOCIATIOX    FRATERNELLE    CENTRO-AM^RICAINE. 

La  Conference  de  la  Paix  centro-am^ricaiiie  qui  s'est  termin^e  le 
20  dficembre  1907,  apres  avoir  si^ge  pendant  cinq  semaines  environ 
au  Bureau  International  des  R6publiques  Am^ricaines,  s'est  engagfe 
dans  une  voie  pour  ainsi  dire  sans  pr6c6dents,  et  qui  a  une  v«Aft.\3x 
toute  particulidre  au  point  de  vue  sentimeiila\,  ecL  AfeN^org^^xvV.  ^«^ 


474     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQU^S  AM^BICAINES. 

relations  plus  intimes  entre  rAni6rique  Centrale,  le  Mexique  et  les 
]l)tats-Ums.  On  a  organist  TAssociation  fratemelle  dont  le  but 
principal  est  de  maintenir  T esprit  d'intfirfit  et  de  sympathie  mutuels 
entre  les  R6publiques  de  TAin^rique  du  Nord.  On  public  dans  ce 
numSro  du  Bulletin  Facte  qui  r^t  cette  association  et  que  doivent 
lire  tous  ceux  qui  suivent  de  prfes  les  voeux  de  la  conf6rence.  On" 
peut  dire  sans  exag^rer  que  T  organisation  de  cette  association  f rater- 
nelle  est  le  r^sultat  de  la  bonne  entente  et  des  sentiments  amicaux 
qui  ont  caract6ris6  toutes  les  reunions  de  la  conference  et  les 
relations  entre  les  diff6rents  d^l^gu^s.  Cette  organisation  doit  avoir 
une  grande  influence  en  f aveur  de  la  mise  en  vigueur  de  toutes  les 
conventions  (jui  ont  6t6  sign^es  k  cette  importante  conference. 


PREMIER    CONGRES    SCIEXTIFIQUE    PAN-AMfeRICAIN. 

Le  premier  congres  scientifique  pan-amfoicain  qui  doit  avoir  lieu 
h,  Santiago,  Chili,  le  1*'^  d6cembre  1908  6veille  un  si  grand  int^rftt, 
non-seulement  aux  £tats-Unis  mais  aussi  dans  TAmerique  du  Sud, 
qu'on  public  dans  ce  num6ro  du  Bulletin  le  programme  projete. 
II  est  k  souhaiter  que  le  Congres  des  £)tats-Unis  approuve  Tindem- 
nit 6  recommand6e  par  M.  Root,  Secretaire  d'£)tat,  pour  la  participa- 
tion officielle  des  fitats-Unis.  Le  Gouvemement  chilien  fait  de 
grands  pr6paratifs  et  *  presque  toutes  les  R6publiques  am6ric&ines 
enverront  des  d616gufe.  Outre  ceux  qui  pourront  6tre  nommfe 
directement  par  les  gouvemenients,  les  representants  de  diffdrentes 
universities  et  organisations  scientifiques  seront  re^us  k  bras  ouverts. 


coxfkuexces  sur  l  amerique  latixe  donxees  par  le  directevr 

du  bureau. 

Commo  preuvc  de  rinterel  loujours  croissant  qui  se  manifesto 
dans  tous  les  fitats-Unis  au  sujet  de  tout  ce  qui  touche  les  pays  de 
TAnierique  Latine,  on  pout  dire  que  si  le  Directeur  du  Bureau  accep- 
tait  le  tiers  des  invitations  (jui  sont  faites  par  des  chambres  de  com- 
merce des  maisons  d'6ducation,  et  d'autres  organisations  pour  leur 
faire  des  conferences  sur  les  relations  g6nerales  et  commerciales  qui 
existent  entre  les  fitats-Unis  et  rAm6rique  Latine  il  lui  faudrait 
porter  la  parole  presque  tous  les  jours  du  V'^  Janvier  au  1"  juin.  Ces 
invitations  ne  viennont  pas  seulenient  d'une  seule  partie  du  pays, 
mais  du  centre  et  de  I'extrfenie  ouest,  aussi  bien  que  de  la  Nouvelle 
Angleterre  et  du  midi.  Mais  le  temps  qu'il  est  oblig6  de  consacrer 
k  radniinistration  du  Bureau  ne  lui  permet  d'accepter  qu'un  petit 
nombre  de  ces  invitations.  Pour  montrer  combien  le  Directeur  est 
desireux  de  donner  autant  que  possible  les  renseignements  qui  hii 
8ont  deniandes  sous  cette  forme,  on  donne  une  liste  de  quelquea-uns 


BUBEAU  INTEBNATIONAL  DBS  B£PUBLIQUES  AMEBICAINES.    475 

des  endroits  oil  il  a  donn6  des  conferences:  Cercle  dc  rUniversit^, 
Washington,  District  de  Colombie,  4  Janvier;  Soci6t6  dc  TOregon, 
Washington,  District  de  Colombie,  11  Janvier;  diner  donn6  k  New- 
York  pour  c616brer  inauguration  du  nouveau  services  d©  vapeurs 
allant  dans  TAmfirique  du  Sud,  14  Janvier;  Association  des  Banques 
de  Washington,  16  Janvier;  Cercle  des  Hommes,  figlise  Centrale 
Presbyt^rienne,  Washington,  District  de  Colombie,  20  Janvier;  Cooper 
Union,  New- York,  27  Janvier;  Banquet  annuel  de  F Association  des 
Commer^ants  et  Manufacturiers  de  Baltimore,  3  Janvier;  Association 
Nationale  des  Manufacturiers,  New- York,  31  Janvier;  Soci6t6  de  la 
Calif omie,  Washington,  District  de  Colombie,  2  f^vrier;  Banquet  de 
Lincoln,  Grand-Rapids,  Michigan,  13  ffivrier;  Chambrede  Commerce, 
Pontiac,  Michigan,  13  f^vrier;  Cercle  Commercial,  Lincoln,  Nebraska, 
17  ffivrier;  ficole  Mackenzie,  Dobbs  Ferry,  New- York,  cfl^bration  de 
Tanniversaire  de  la  naissance  de  George  Washington,  dans  la 
mating  du  22  f^vrier;  Association  Nationale  des  Bijoutiers,  Phila- 
delphie  dans  la  soiree  du  22  f^vrier,  et  Soci6t6  G^ographique  Am^ri- 
caine.  New- York,  25  f^vrior. 


REXSEIGNEMENTS  SUR  LA  MANIERE  DOXT  OX  PEUT  VOYAGER  DANS 

l'amerique  i)r  sid,  et  sur  les  routes  a  SriVRE. 

Les  demandes  qu'on  re^oit  au  Bureau,  non  soulement  des  fitats- 
Unis  mais  aussi  d'Europe,  au  sujet  de  la  nianiere  dont  on  pout  vo- 
yager dans  TAmfirique  du  Sud  et  sur  les  routes  k  suivre  sont  t^^lement 
nombreuses  que  le  Directeur  a  pri6  le  tr^sorier  de  TUniversit^  de 
Yale,  M.  Lee  McCluxg,  qui  vient  de  faire  le  tour  de  TAm^riquc  du 
Sud  et  M"*^  ilARiE  Robinson  Wright,  ^crivain  distingu6  qui  a 
visit6  le  continent  du  sud,  de  r6diger  de  courts  rapports  d^crivant 
les  conditions  des  pays  et  les  routes  k  suivre.  Ces  renseignements 
auront,  au  point  do  vue  pratique,  unc  tr^s  grande  valeur  pour 
ceux  qui  comptont  visitor  cette  partie  du  monde.  D'aprds  la  cor- 
respondance  du  Bureau,  on  pout  voir  qu'il  y  aura  une  augniontu- 
tion  consid6rablo  dans  lo  nombre  de  voyagours  qui,  pendant  Tannee 
se  rcndront  dans  I'Am^riquo  du  Sud.  Un  grand  nombre  <lo  por- 
sonnes  qui  vont  ordinairemont  on  Europe  ot  en  Asic  ont  Tintention 
de  faire  un  voyage  dans  rAinerique  du  Centre  ot  du  Sud  j)()ur  voir  ce 
qu'il  en  est.  A  ce  sujot,  il  est  bon  do  faire  roniarquer  la  grando 
amelioration  apport6o  au  service  maritime  do  la  c6te  orientalo  par  la 
Compagnie  Lamport  &  Holt  on  mettant  sur  cotte  ligno  trois  grands 
vapeurs  d'environ  10,000  tonnes  chacun,  installes  luxuousomont  ot 
faisant  le  service  r^gulior  ontre  Now- York,  Kio-do-Janoiro  ot  Buonos- 
Ayres.  On  reproduit  dans  ce  num6ro  du  Bulletix  une  gravuro  d'un 
de  ces  vapeurs,  ainsi  que  deux  vues  (rint^rieur,  pour  montror  a  ceux 
qui  d£sirent  aller  dans  rAm^rique  du  Sud  qvi'vla  \>^uN<i\i.V  \>aAx^  V> 
voyage  avec  tout  le  confort  desirable. 


476    BUBEAU  INTEBNATIONAL  DES  BEPUBLIQUES  AMBEICAINES. 

RfiPUBLIQUE  ARGENTINE. 

D^aprds  des  statistiques  relatives  au  service  des  posies  et  t616- 
graplies  pendant  Tann^e  1907,  il  ressort  qu'il  y  avait  au  31  dScembre 

2,138  bureaux  de  poste  par  lesquels  il  est  pass6 
e/Ji'^^m^'"'*''  625,330,960  d6p6ches,  soil  une  moyenne  de  101  d6- 

pfeches  par  tSte.  La  valeur  d6clar6e  des  lettres  et 
colis  charges  s'est  61ev6e  k  $5,260,068.29.  Pendant  Pannfie,  10,420,012 
d6p6ches  t616graphiques  ont  6t6  transmises  par  les  lignes  nationales. 
Les  recettes  des  deux  services  accusent  lesr6sultats  suivants:  Postes, 
$7,598,180.27;  d6pgches  t616grapliiques,  $2,255,374.90;  total,  $9,833,- 
555.17,  soit  une  augmentation  de  $746,961.76  sur  Fannie  1906. 

D'apr^s  *^La  Prensa''  du  l^  Janvier  1908,  il  y  avait  en  exploitation 

au31  d6cembre  1907,  22,003  kilometres  de  lignes  de 
exp^ortiti'on.' ''' '"  chemins  de  fer.     Sur  ce  chiflFre  on  en  a  ouvert  1,443.9 

kilometres  h,  la  circulation.  Le  capital  plac6  dans 
cette  industrie  s'^leve  a  $671,088,874. 


BOLIVIE. 


D'apr^s  les  statistiques  ay  ant  trait  au  commerce  de  retain  dans  les 
marches  de  TEurope  et  de  TAm^rique,  le  produit  bolivien  occupe  le 

deuxi^me  rang.  Bien  que  la  production  du  Detroit 
re^uin."'''''*    ^^  ^1^  Magellan  d6passe  de  beaucoup  celle  de  la  Bolivia, 

ce  dernier  pays  en  a  produit  15,300  tonnes,  contre 
10,380  en  1906.  Le  D6partement  de  la  Colonisation  et  de  T^Vgricul- 
ture  vient  de  faire  un  rapport  sur  la  culture  du  caoutchouc  dans  la 
province  de  Larecaja.  Dans  ce  num6ro  du  Buixetin  on  en  repnxluit 
des  extraits  qui  pourront  6tre  d'lme  grande  utility  k  ceux  qui  en 
font  le  commerce. 


BRfiSIL. 

Le  Gouvernement  br6silien,  qui  poursuit  une  campagne  de  propa- 

gande  pour  mieux  faire  connaitre  ses  produits  agricoles  et  miniers  k 

retranger,  a  vot^,  en  date  du  10  d^ccmbre  1907,  une 

Deveioppeinent  j^^j  autorfsant  Ic  Ministcrc  dc  Tlndustrie  et  des  Tra- 

dupays.  vaux  puolics  a   consacrer  la  somme  de  $4,000,000  ii 

cot  effet  et  aussi  pour  donner  des  primes  et  des  in- 

(U'iuuites.     En  plus  des  moyens  design6s  ci-dessus,  le  Gouvernement 

j)<)urra  en  employer  d'autres  revfetant  un  caractfere  commercial,  tels 

(^ue  la  reduction  maximum  de  20  pour  cent  des  droits  d'importation 

sur  les  articles  n'6tant  pas  de  production  br^si-lienne  et  venant  de 

pays  qui,  par  suite  de  conventions  o\i  Ae^  \x%it^)  accordent  pendaai 


BRE8IL.  47T 

une  p6riode  de  trois  ans  au  moins  une  exemption  ou  r6duction  con- 
venable  dans  leurs  tarifs  sur  les  produits  br6siliens. 

La  reduction  de  20  pour  cent  qui,d'aprds  le  d^cret  du  30'juin  1906^ 

BcdactioB  de  20  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ®^^  certaines  marchandisos  provenant 

Rovceatsiuricsiiiar.  des  Iiltats-Unis  vient  d'etre  renouvel^e  pour  Pannte 

dt^/tl!Il^r»r*'"*  ^^^^  P^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^"  Congr^s  br^silienen  date  du  11 
Janvier  1908. 
Presque  toutes  les  mines  diamantif^res  dans  le  district  Diamantina 
appartiennent  k  des  capitalistes  am^ricains  qui  s'.occuperit  de  leur  ex- 
ploitation,    lis  ont   6tabli  des  dragues  k  diff6rents 
mS^efdUmlltif^rM!  ^ndroits   le  long  de  la  riviere  Jequitinhonha   et   la 
revolution   de  Tindustrie   diamantifSre   des  districts 
producteurs  de  diamants  est  pour  ainsi  dire  un  fait  accompli.     Avec 
la  rfiussite  de  cette  exploitation  des  millions  de  dollars  des  fitats-Unis 
seront  places  dans  cette  industrie.     En  1906  les  exportations  de  dia- 
mants du  Br6sil  se  sont  61ev6es  k  $310,000  environ,  contre  $150,000 
en  1905,  mais  ces  chiffres  ne  reprSsentent  mfime  pas  approximative- 
ment  la  valeur  r6elle  des  pierres  export6es. 
Le  Gouvemement  br&ilien  prend  des  mesures  6nergiques  contro 
M esares    centre  l'^"^ploi  de  prfeervatifs,  qui  pourraient  nuire  k  la  sant^, 
rempiotdepr^erva-  dans  Ics  vins,  Ic  saindoux  et  tous  autres  produits  ali- 
tifsB-istbie..  mentaires. 

Reeettes  doiuiii^-       Pendant  Tann^e  1907  les  recettes  douaniferes  de  Rio- 
cB  1907.  de-Janeiro  ont  d6pass6  le  chiffre  de  $40,000,000. 

La  construction   de  chemins   de  fer   a  6t6   Tobjet  de  beaucoup 
CoBstrnction     de  d'activit6  pendant  Tannic  6coul6e  et  701  kilometres 
ckcMiu  de  fer.  jg  voics  nouvclles  out  6t6  ouvertes  au  tralic. 

On  fait  savoir  du  Brdsil  (ju'en  toute  probability  il  y  aura  une  revi- 
sion du  tarif  des  douanes  pendant  la  prochaine  session 
dJSlliSr?  *'  **'*'  ^^  Congrds  national  qui  aura  lieu  en  mai  1908,  et  que 
ces  modifications  seront  mises   en  vigueur  au  mois 
d'aoflt  de  lamfeme  ann^e. 

D'apr&s  un  rapport  du  Bureau  des  Statistiques  des  fitats-Unis  sur 

CoMaerce  entre  le  '^   Commerce  entre  le  Br^sil  et  les  fitats-Unis   pour 

Bresii  et  les  fiute-  rann6e  1907,  les   importations  du  Br^sil  provenant 

'^■'*-  des  fttats-Unis  ont  d6passe  de  $40,000,000  celles  de 

Tann^  ant^rieure. 


CHILL 


Pendant  les  onze  premiers  mois  de  Tannic  1907,  les  bureaux  do 

^^^  douane  de  la  R6publique  du  Chili  ont  encaiss^  la 

^rmpfduLti^onxl  somme  de  107,361,051.19    piastres  ($35,460,000)  en 

iraiim    Mote    de  augmentation  de  10,289,371.24  piastres  sur  la  i\\4.vcvfo 

p^riode  de  Tann^e  1906. 


478     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  MPUBLIQUES  AMEBICAINES. 

Le  Gouvemement  chilien  a  approuvd  le  projet  de  lot  modififtnt  fes 
droits  de  douane  sur  le  b6tail;.les  moutons  et  certains 

.nf^s"'*"'*'  *^""  tissus.    La  suspension  des  droits  sur  le  Wtail  et  la 
reduction  de  50  pour  cent  des  droits  sur   les  autres 

produits  sp6cifi6s  seront  mises  en  vigueur  d'ici  six  mois. 

D'apr^s  un  rapport  officieux  fait  sur  le  recensement  chifien  qui  a 
eu  lieu  h,  la  fin  de  Tannfie  1907,  il  y  avait  h  cette 

iifn^T'"''™'"*  ^*'**  6poque  3,240,000  habitants,  soitune  augmentation  de 
50,000  environ  depuis  le  dernier  recensement  qui  avait 

eu  lieu  en  1903. 

Le  Congres  chilien  a  vot6  le  22  Janvier  190S  le  projet  de  loi  autori- 

sant  uiie  subvention  pour  la  construction  du  chemin  de  fer  longitu- 
dinal allant  de  la  fronti^re  p6ruvienne  au  Detroit  de 

chernlde"^.    ^'  Magellan,  sur  une  distance  d'environ  2,600  miUes. 
On  vient  d'accordcr  aussi  une  concession  i^  une  com-^ 

pagnie  allemande  pour  la  construction  d'une  ligne  allant  d'Arica  ik 

La  Paz,  ce  qui  prouve  une  fois  de  plus  Faetivit^  d6[doj£e  par  le 

Gouvemement  dans  la  construction  de  ehemins  de  fer. 


COLOMBIE. 

Un  d^cret   pr^sidentiel   en  date  du  26  dScembre  1907  autmse 

Texploitation  de  I'ivoire  v6g6tal  des  forSts  nationales  par  des  com- 

pagnies    ou    particuliers    sans    qu'il  soit  n^cessaire 

iMvX^e  v^^tTh  ***    <l'avoir  des  concessions  ou  permissions  sp6ciales,  h  la 

condition  toutefois  de  payer  un  droit  d'expoirtation 

de  Sl2  or  par  tonne  d'ivoire  v^g^tal  h  partir  du  1**  avril  1908. 

Le  (irouvernenient  colonibien  vient  de  promulguer  de  nouveaux 
Marfhandisfs   im-  reglciiieuts   tlouaiiiers   au   sujet  de  Timportation  de 
portees  en  toiiti-pos-  iiiarchaiidises  en  colis-postaux. 

taux.  '■ 


CUBA. 


Dans  son  rapport  annuel,  trait  ant  des  conditions  6conomiques  de 
rul)a  (lopuis   la  revolution   de    lOOG  jusqu'h   ce  jour^  M.  Maqoon^ 

Gouverneur  provisoire,  montre  T^tat  prosi>6re  dans 
«™eur  """'* '"  l^^q^i^l  I'll^  s^    ivoMYc,     L^uidustrie  sucrferc,  princi- 

pale  source  de  richesse  du  pays,  est  florissante  et  on 
esiinie  que  la  rccolte  de  c<5tte  ann^e  atteindra  au  moins  le  chiffre  de 
1,500,()()()  tonnes.  On  s' attend  aussi  a  une  liausse  sensible  dans  le 
prix  du  Sucre  k  cause  de  la  diminution  des  quantity  disponibles  de 
ce  prodiiit  dans  le  monde  entier.  I^a  valeur  approximative  des 
77;/irr)ian(lis(^s  import6es   pendant   I'annfie  fiscale    1906-7   a  6t6-  de 


ETATS-UNIS.  479 

$96,673,989,  soil  une  diminution  dc  $7,721,603  en  la  comparant  k 
celle  de  Tann^  fiscale  ant^rieure.  Les  exportations  se  sont  61ev6es 
h  la  somme  de  $110,765,937,  soil  une  augmentation  de  $5,565,622  sur 
Tann^  1905-6.  D^aprts  ce  rapport  la  revolution  a  coixid  au  pays 
la  somme  de  $8,634,116.64. 


fiTATS-UNIS. 

La  valeur  totale  du  commerce  entre  les  fitats-Unis  et  FAmfi- 
rique  Latine  pendant  Tannfe  1907  s'est  61evte  k  $558,279,201,  dont 
$240,553,068  pour  les  exportations  et  $317,726,133 
commerweiitreies  pour  Ics  importations,  contre  $521,341,077  en  1906 
q«e Lat!ia/niito7.  ^^  $493,669,785  en  1905.  11  ressort  done  une  aug- 
mentation de  $36,968,124  pour  Tann^e  dont  il  est 
question  sur  I'ann^e  ant6rieure. 

I^  conmierce  avec  rAm^rique  Centrale  pendant  I'ann^e  1907  s'est 
*lev6  k  $45,087,355,  contre  $38,690,379  en  1906,  soit  une  augmenta- 
tion de  $6^96,976. 

Le  conmierce  entre  le  Mexique  et  les  fitats-Unis  pendant  1(  s  deux 
p^riodes  dont  il  est  question  s'est  61qy6  k  $124,698,413  et  k  $114,273,- 
188,  respectivement,  en  augmentation  de  $10,425,225  sur  1907. 

Le  commerce  entre  les  fttats-Unis  et  Cuba  s'est  ^lev^  k  $144,973,116 
en  1907,  contre  $131,544,878  dans  Fannie  pr6c6dente,  soit  une  plus- 
value  de  $13,428,238  pour  Tann^e  1907.  On  remarquc  une  I6gdre 
augmentation  dans  le  commerce  avec  Haiti,  les  chifFres  pour  Tann^ 
1907  s'^levant  k  $4,366,273,  contre  $4,302,755.  En  ce  qui  conceme  le 
commerce  avec  la  R^publique  Dominicaine,  les  result ats  sont  meil- 
leurs,  Taugmentation  de  Tann^e  1907  sur  Tann^  1906  s'6levant  k 
$214,976,  les  totaux  pour  les  deux  ann6es  6tant  de  $5,860,693  et  de 
$5,735,717. 

I-iC  commerce  de  toute  TAmeriquc  du  Sud  avec  les  fitats-Unis  s'cst 
6\oy6  k  $233,293,351  en  1907,  contre  $220,764,160  en  1906,  la  plus- 
value  de  $6,529,191  etant  due  principalement  a  Taugmentalion  des 
exportations  k  destination  du  Bresil,  ce  pays  ayant  re^u  des  produits 
des  fitats-Unis  pour  une  valour  <le  $4,452,1 91  de  plus  ([u'en  1906. 

Ontrouvera  i  la  page  367  la  distribution  des  importations  et  expor- 
tations par  pays  et  articles,  d^apres  les  donn6tvs  prdpar6es  par  le 
Bureau  des  Statisticjues  des  fiiats-Unis. 

Les  chiflFres  publics  par  le  Bureau  des  Statistiqucs  des  fitats-Unis 
pour  Tannte  1907  font  voir  que  le  coimnerceexterieur  s'est  61ev6  k 
$3,346,684,960,  dont  $1,423,289,693  pour  lesimporta- 
fiwrViw.'  "*'"  *^<^^^s  ^t  81,023,395,267  pour  les  exportations.  II 
ressort  done  une  augmentati<m  de  $227,939,954  sur 
Famite  1906,  ann^  pendant  laquelle  le  commerce  ext^rieur  s*est  6lev4 
It   $3,118,745,006,    dont    $1,320,501,572    pout    \q^  \m^ox\.^\:\o\^    ^\. 


480     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

$1,798,243,434  pour  les  exportations.  La  balance  commerciale  en 
1907  a  done  6t^  de  $500,105,574,  contre  $477,741,862  pour  Fannfie 
ant^rieure. 

.  Sur  les  importations  totales  de  Tann^e  1907,  plus  de  la  moiti6,  soit 
$736,959,040, 6taient  d'origine  europeenne,  ce  qui  fait  ressortir  une  aug- 
mentation de  plus  de  $35,000,000  sur  celles  de  Tann^e  1906.  Dans 
r augmentation  de  $26,000,000  remarqu6e  dans  cettebranche  du  com- 
merce avec  r  Am^rique  du  Xord,  le  Mexique  y  figure  pour  une  somme 
de  plus  de  $5,000,000  et  T  Am6rique  du  Centre  pour  une  somme  de  plus 
de  $2,000,000.  Les  importations  provenant  de  I'Am^rique  du  Sud 
sont  rest6es  k  peu  pres  stationnaires,  les  chiffres  pour  Tann^  1907 
.^tant  de  $147,680,943  et  ceux  de  Tannfe  1906  de  $147,941,781. 
Cependant  les  deux  annees  font  ressortir  une  augmentation  d'i  peu 
pr^s  $3,000,000  en  les  comparant  k  Fannie  1905.  Les  importations 
venailt  d'Asie  ont  augments  de  plus  de  $19,000,000;  celles  d'Oc6anie 
<le  plus  de  $9,000,000  et  celle  d' Afrique.de  plus  de  $10,000,000. 

C'est  FEurope  qui  occupe  toujours  le  premier  rang  dans  les  ex- 
portations des  fitats-Unis,  les  envois  qui  y  ont  6t6  faits  se  sont 
61ev6s  k  $1,313,045,045  sur  un  total  de  $1,923,395,267,  soit  une 
augmentation  de  $67,000,000  sur  Fann6e  1906.  La  plus-value  dans 
les  exportations  k  destination  de  FAm6rique  du  Nord  a  d£pass£ 
$36,000,000.  Dans  cette  somme  le  Mexique  y  figure  pour  plus  de 
$5,000,000  et  FAmerique  du  Centre  pour  plus  de  $4,000,000.  Toute 
FAm6rique  du  Sud  a  pris  des  marchandises  pour  une  valeur  de 
$85,612,408,  contre  $78,822,379  en  1906,  soit  une  augmentation  de 
plus  de  $6,000,000. 

Les  envois  en  Asie  ont  augments  de  $10,000,000;  en  Oceanie  de 
$5,000,000,  et  en  Afrique  de  $500,000. 

Voici  les  chiffres  ofRciels  montrant  la  valeur  des  importations  et 
des  exportations  pour  les  deux  annees  dont  il  est  question: 


1  Importaticns.  Exportations. 

Divisicna  g^ndralos.  I  -  -  -_-.      — 

I         19C6.  1907.  1906.         |  1907. 


Eiirv>pe !  $700,007,050     $736,959,040  $1,24('),573,163   $1,313. 045. Ol*) 


Am(«rique  du  Nord I    240.709,681       267.133,933       325.886,319 

Arm^riquo  du  Sud 1     147.941.781,     147.ti80,943  :      78.822.379 

Asio...,  

Oc^nie 
Afriqtie, 


196.309,212       216.233,770  .      89.075,358 
22,9('>2.203  ,      32.  ,566, 935  ;      39,516.547 


363.180.385 
85,612.408 
90.127.195 
44.549.490 


12,4.51,645        22,715.072         18,369,668  18.880.744 

I 


Le  mouvement  de  Tor  pour  Tannee  accuse  une  importation  de 
$143,408,066,  soit  une  diminution  de  $12,181,314  sur  Tann^e  1906 
et  une  exportation  de  $55,215,681,  soit  une  augmentation  de  $8,506,- 
523  sur  rann6e  pr^c^dente. 

Les  importations  d^argent  se  sont  ^levees  iun  total  de  $46,013,976, 
contre  $44,227,H4l  en  1906  et  les  exportations  k  $61,625,866  en  1907, 
contre  $60,957,091  en  1906. 


MEXIQUE.  481 

Pendant  Tann^e  1907  les  navires  entr^s  dans  les  ports  des  Etats- 
Unis  repr&entaient  un  chifFre  de  2,905,768  tonnes  et  les  navires 
sortis  un  chiffre  de  3,070,065  tonnes.  Voici  le  tonnage  des  vapeurs: 
Entrfis,  35,513,482  tonnes,  contre  32,454,853  tonnes  en  1906;  sortis, 
35,186,499  tonnes,  contre  31,749,576  dans  I'ann^e  pr6c6dente. 

En  1907  les  marchandises  provenant  des  fitats-Unis  exp6di6es  par 
I'Isthme  de  Panama  et  de  Tehuantepec  se  sont  6lev6es  h  $40,000,000, 
Commerce  de  ^^iplant  ainsi  le  chiffre  le   plus  61ev6  atteint  pr6c6- 
transit  par  risthme  denunent.     Cette    augmentation  extraordinaire  dans 
dePsMmaen  1907.  les  6changes  commerciaux  eutie  les  ports  de  TAtlan- 
tique  et  du  Pacifique  par  cette  6troite  langue  de  terre  est  due  princi- 
palement  k  Tinauguration  au  commencement  de  I'ann^e  1907  du  che- 
min  de  fer  de  Tehuantepec,  qui  r6unit  les  eaux  des  deux  oceans.     Les 
expeditions  de  sucre  de  Ilawai  via  Tehuantepec  aux  ports  de  Test 
des  fitats-Unis  se  sont  6lev6es  pendant  rann6o  1907JI  $15,500,000. 
Le   total   de   la  tonte   de  la  laine  aux  Etats-Unis  en  1907  a  6t6 
de   298,294,750    livres,   repr&entant   une   valeur  de 
«^wV/*'*  '**"•  $78,263,165,  contre  298,915,130  livres,  reprgsentant 
une  valeur  de  $79,721,383  en  1906. 
Le  13  Janvier  1908  le  S6nat  des  fitats-Unis  a  ratifi6  la  convention 
sign^e  k  Rio-de-Janeiro  le  13  aodt  1908  par  les  dfilfigu^s  des  Gouveme- 
ments  repr6sent6s  k  la  Troisifeme  Conference  Inter- 
aiit^  *"  '*  >'*tioii-  j^g^i^iQj^ale  des  Etats  Am6ricains,  etablissant  la  condi- 
tion des  citoyens  naturalises  qui  se  r6tablissent  dans 
leur  pays  natal. 


MEXIQUE. 

D^aprfes  des  statistiques  officielles  le  commerce  exterieur  du 
Mexique  pendant  les  quatre  premiers  mois  de  Tann^e  fiscale  1907- 
CoMMerce  extc-  ^  ^'^^^  eiev6  au  cliiffre  de  169,171,457.66  piastres 
riev,  qnatre  pre-  ($84,570,728.96),  ce  qui  fait  ressortir  une  augmen- 
miers  mois  de  1907.  ^^^j^^^  j^  28,027,765.82  piastres  ($14,013,882.85)  sur 
le  commerce  exterieur  de  la  mfeme  p^riode  de  Tannfe  aiit6rieure. 

Un  decret  du    Pouvoir    Ex^cutif   on  date  du  17  d6cembre  1907 

autorise    le    Gouveniement    k  consacrer  la  somme    de    10,690,000 

piastres  ($3,345,000)  aux  entrepriscs  suivantes:  Tra- 

TraTanx  publics,     yaux  aux  ports  de  Salina  Cruz  et  deCoatzacoalcos; 

construction  d'un  asile  et  d'un  college  et  installation  d'un  syst&me 

de  conduits  pour  ameiier  I'eau  potable  dans  la  ville  de  Mexico. 

Les  expeditions  de  chanvre  de  sisal  de  Progreso  et  de  Campfiche 
pendant  Tannee  1907  se  sont  61evees  k   652,188  balles  dans  I'annee 
Expedition  de  anterieurc.      Sur  cette    quantite   les  fitats-Unis  en 
«*^*''*-  ont  repu  590,923  balles. 

29039— Bull.  2—08 16 


482     BUBEAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  BEPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

Les  recettes  douaui^res  du  Mexique  pendant  le  premier  seznes- 

Beeettes  douinid-  ^^    ^®    l'aim6e  fiscale  1907-8  (juillet-d6cembre)  se 

r««,preiiii«8cm«tre  sant  ^lev6es  i  29,491,285.98    piastres    ($14,745,000), 

de  1907-8.  contre  25,801,349.09  piastres  ($12,905^000)  en  190^7. 


NICARAGUA. 

line  nouvelle  loi  agricole  a  6t6  promulgu6e  le  22  novembre  1907  par 
le  Gouvernement  du  Nicaragua  dans  le  but  de  d6velopper  ragricul- 
ture  et  Televage,  ressources  principales  du  pays. 
ce^"^'"*  ^^'  *^'"  Cette  loi  comporte  Forganisation  d'un  ConseU  agri- 
cole  sup^rieur,  pr6sid6  par  le  Ministre  de  Fomento  et 
de  cornices  d 'agriculture  et  d'61evage  sous  la  direction  du  Conseil 
sup^rieur. 

Le  Gouvernement  du  Nicaragua  vient  d'accorder  aux  G6n6raux 
Valle  et  Ascencion  le  droit  exclusif  pour  I'exploitation  et  Texpor- 
concession  accor-  ^^^i^u  du  caoutcliouc  du  domaiue  public  dans  les 
dee  pour  rexpioita-  districts  de  San  Jos6  del  Norte  et  de  Siquia  pendant 
won  dn  caoutchouc,  ^jj^  ans  It  datcr  du  1*^  juin  1908,  moyennant  un  loyer 
annuel  de  $3,000  en  or.  Cette  compagnie  aura  son  si&ge  social  k 
Managua  et  disposera  d*un  capital  de  $300,000  or  divis6  en  3,000 
actions  de  $100  chacune. 


PANAMA. 


La  valeur  des  marchandises  venant  des  ports  des  fitats-l'nis  et 
expedites  iria  Panama  dans  d'autres  parties  des  £tats-Unis  ou  dans 
Importations  pro-  d^s  pays    Strangers,   s'est    €lev6e,   pendant    I'annee 
venant  des  itats-   1907,  k  la  sommc  de  douze  k  quinze  millions  de  dol- 
^^^^'  lars.     Sur  cette   somme  des  marchandises  pour  une 

valeur  de  $4,000,000  ont  He  expedites  de  New-York  aux  ports 
situfe  sur  la  c6to  ouest  des  fitats-Unis;  les  marchandises  exp^- 
di6es  de  New-York  aux  pays  de  TAm^rique  de  Centre  et  du  Sud 
situ^s  sur  la  cote  du  Pacifique,  accusent  ime  valeur  de  $7,000,000  et 
celles  qui  ont  et6  cxp6di6es  de  San-Francisco  aux  ports  de  Test  des 
fitats-Unis,  sY4event  k  la  somme  de  deux  k  trois  millions  de  dollars. 
Ces  expeditions  se  cornposent  de  toutes  sortes  de  marchandises  mais 
surtout  de  viandes,  de  farines,  de  tissus  de  coton,  d'huile  min^rale, 
de  machineries  pour  les  mines,  d' articles  en  fer  et  en  aicier  et  d'objets 
divers. 


BUBEAU   INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLJQX7ES  AMERICAINBS.    483 

PARAGUAY. 

Le  mouvement  du  trafic  du  chemin  de  fer  du  Paraguay,  Ic  Paraguay 
Central,  le  seul  qui  existe  dans  le  pays,  augmente  constamment.     En 

1905-6  cette  ligne  a  transports  102,422  tonnes  de 
€e^.^'"*^^  merchandises,  contre  69,869  tonnes  en  1904-5.     En 

1^5-6  le  nombre  des  voyageurs  s'est  61evS  i  971,521, 
contre  689,890  en  1904-5. 

D'aprts  le  rapport  du  consul  des  fitats-Unis  h  Assomption,  les 
exportations  de  caoutchouc  ont  augments  pendant   TannSe  1907. 

Cette  augmentation  dans  les  exportations  est  due 
caoBHiiolVeBVM?.*  ^^^  efforts  f aits  demiSrement  pour  d6velopper  cette 

industrie  dans  le  pays.  Ceux  qui  s'occupent  de  la 
culture  du  caoutchouc  sont  oblig6s  de  le  faire  sur  une  petite  Schelle 
k  cause  du  manque  de  capitaux,  ce  qui  a  6t6  et  ce  qui  est  encore  le 
principal  obstacle  au  dSveloppement  de  cette  industrie. 


PfiROU. 

Pendant  les  six  premiers  mois  de  Tannic  1907,  le  P6rou  a  re^u 
iaipertatt9B8  d«  ^^  P^^^  ^®  New-York  des  marchandises  s'61evant  k 

Kew-York,     premier    $2,557,880  OF  amSricaiu. 
•MiMtre  4e  1907. 

Dans  un  rapport  sur  le  d^veloppement  minier  du  Pfirou,  M.  Charles 
M.  Pepper,  agent  special  du  D^artement  du  Commerce  et  du 
Travail  des  fitats-Unis,  fait  savoir  qu'en  1907  la  coni- ' 
«f«i«.**"'"*'°*  P^^^  ^rro  de  Pasco  a  exp6di«  aux  fitats-Unis 
20,152,000  livres  de  cuivre,  principalement  par  voie 
•de  Panama,  et  on  compte  que  la  production  pK>ur  l'ann6e  1908 
atteindra  le  chiffre  de  30,000,000  de  livres  ou  15,000  tonnes.  Jusqu'ea 
1905,  la  compagnie  Cerro  de  Pasco  avait  plac6  $17,500,000  or  dans 
ses  mines. 

Les  exportations  de  laine  et  de  cuirs  de  vicufia  du  P^rou  pendant 
les  cin(i  domieros  ann^es  se  sont  61ev4es  k  35,646  livres  de  laine,  re- 
ExiH»rtatioBt  de  pr^seutaut  une  valeur  de  $25,527  et  k  15,260  livres  de 
laine  et  de  coith  de  cuir,  repr6sentant  une  valeur  de  $7,094.     Cette  laine 
\inu.  ^g^  ^^^g  recherch^e  en  Angleterre  oil  elle  s'est  vendue 

de  $1  k  $1.25  la  livre  cos  deux  demieres  ann^es.  On  prend  des 
mesures  pour  emp^cher  la  disparition  du  vicuila,  un  des  animaux  les 
plus  utiles  de  la  faune  p6nivienne. 

D'apres  les  cliiffres  publi6s  par  les  fitats-Unis,  le  commerce  entre 
le  P6rou  et  les  fitats-Unis  pendant  Tannic  6coul6e  accuse  un  d6ve- 
commerce  arec  ie«  loppement  Sensible.  Les  exportations  du  P6rou  aux 
iuu-inu  in  1907.  £tats-Unis  ont  augments  de  $4,154,790  sur  Tann^e 
pr6c6dente  et  les  importations  provenant  des  fitats-Unis  ont  au^- 
ment6  de  $1,672,762  pendant  la  mfime  pferiode. 


484     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 


SALVADOR. 

Les  recettes  douanieres  de  la  R6publique  du  Salvador,  pour  le 

^    ..    A         •    premier  semestre  de  rann6e  1907,  se  sont  61ev6es  k 

hrw,  premier  semes-  2,880,388.44  piastres  ($1,440,194.22),  soit  une  diminu-. 

tredemi.  ^^^^  j^  354,382.25  piastres  ($177,191.12^  en  les  com- 

parant  k  celles  de  la  mfeme  p6riode  de  rann6e  1907. 

D'aprfe  les  demiferes  statistiques  officielles  du  Salvador,  les  expor- 
tations  pour  le  premier  semestre  de  Tarmfie  1907  accusent  un  poids 
Exporutions,  pre.  ^^^^1  ^e  50,079,904  livres,  6valu6es  k  11,285,531.03 
mier    semestre    de  piastres  ($5,642,700).   Les  expeditions  de  caf6,  qui  est 
*^''  le  principal   article  d' exportation,  se  sont  61ev6esjt 

8,739,259.50  piastres  ($4,369,600).  Viennent  ensuite  le  sucre  et  le 
bamne.  Les  piincipaux  pays  de  destination  sont,  par  ordre  d^im- 
portance,  les  fitats-Unis,  la  France,  TAUemagne  et  Tltalie. 


UEUGUAY. 

Les  recettes  douaniferes  pour  les  onze  premiers  mois  finissant  en 
novembre  1907  se  sont'61ev6es  k  $12,194,596,  contre  $11,952,463 
Recettes  d  o  u  a  n  i-  P^^^  ^^  m6me  p6riode  de  r  aim6e  ant6rieure.  D'aprds 
^res.  onze  premier  les  pr6visions  pouT  Ic  mois  de  d6cembre  les  recettes 
moisdei907.  ^^^^  Tamite  cnti^FC  s'616veront  k  $13,000,000,  ce  qui 

f era  une  augmentation  sensible  sur  Tann^e  1906. 

Les  importations  provenant  des  fitats-Unis  pendant  Tannfe 
commere  avec  les  1907  out  augments  de  $810,395,  bien  que  les  expor- 
ifeuts-unis  en  1907.  tatious  dcstiu^cs  aux  Etats-Unis  aient  diminufi  de 
$1,076,482. 


VENEZUELA. 

D'apres  un  d6cret  en  date  du  20  d6cembre  le  Gouvemement  aura 

^stabiissement  de  Ic    mouopolc   de   r6tablissement   de    lignes   t^l^gra- 

ii^es  tei^graphi-  phiques  ct    t^l^plioniques   dans  toute   T^tendue    du 

qneset  tclephonl-    7        .*     . 

qnes,  temtoirc. 


LATIN-AMEBICAN   REPBK8EUTATIVE8.  XI 


LATIN-AMEBIOAN  REPRESENTATIVES   IN   THE   UNITED 

STATES. 


AMBASSADORS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND   PLENIPOTENTIaJIY. 

Brazil Mr.  Joaquim  Nabuco, 

Office  of  Erabajwy,  1710  II  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mexico Seftor  Don  Enrique  C.  Creel, 

Absent. 

ENVOYS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTERS  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Argentine  Republic Sefior  Don  Epifa*.'io  Portela, 

Office  of  Legation,  2108  Sixteenth  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Bolivia Sefior  Don  I«nacio  Cali)er6n, 

Office  of  Legation,  1633  Sixteenth  street,  Washington,  1).  C. 

Chile Sefior  Don  Axibal  Cuuz, 

Office  of  Legation,  1629  New  Hampshire  avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Colombia Sefior  Don  Enrique  Cortes, 

Office  of  Legation,  1728  N  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Co»ta  Rica Sefior  Don  JoaquIn  Bernardo  Calvo, 

Office  of  Legation,  1329  Eighteenth  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Cul)a Sefior  Don  Gonzalo  de  Quesada, 

Office  of  Legation,  "The  Wyoming,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Eiriuulor Sefior  Don  Luis  Felipe  Carbo, 

Office  of  Legation,  1302  Connecticnt  avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Guatemala .Sefior  Dr.  Don  Luis  Toledo  Herrartb, 

Absent. 

Haiti Mr.  J.  N.  L^ger, 

Office  of  Legation,  1429  Rhode  Island  avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Honduras Dr.  Angel  Ugarte, 

Office  of  Legation,  "SUmeleigh  Court,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Nicaragua Sefior  Don  Luis  F.  Cokea, 

Office  of  Legation,  2003  O  street,  Washington,  I).  C. 

Panama Sefior  Don  J.  Domin<;o  de  OBALoiA, 

Absent. 

Sefior  Don  Jose  Acjuhtin  Aran(jo, 

Office  of  Legation,  "The  Highlands."  Washington,  D.  (\ 
Peru Sefior  Don  Felipe  Pardo, 

office  of  Legation,  1601  Twenty-second  street,  Washington,  I).  C. 

Salva<l(>r Sefior  Don  Federico  Me-iI a, 

Absent. 

Uruguay Sefior  Dr.  Don  Luis  Mkli an  J^akinue, 

Office  of  Legation,  1529  Rhmle  Island  avenue,  Washington,  I).  C 

MINISTER   RESIDENT. 

Dominican  Republic Sefior  Don  Emilio  C.  Joubert, 

Office  of  legation,  "The  Shoreham,"  Washington,  I).  C. 

CHARGES  D'AFFAIRES. 

Mexico Sefior  Don  Joa6  F.  Godoy, 

office  of  Kmbaasy,  1415  I  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Guatemala Sefior  Dr.  Ramon  Bengoechea, 

Office  of  I/cgation,  2-4  Stone  steeet,  New  York  City. 

Salvador Sefior  Dr.  J.  Gustavo  Guerrero, 

Office  of  Ix^ation,  •'Stoncleigh  Court,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Venezuela Sefior  Don  Nkxjlas  Veloz-(  Joiticoa, 

Office  of  Legation,  1737  H  street,  Wa.<fhington,  D.  C. 


ZII  ITNITED   STAT£8   REPSBSXSTAXIVIS. 


UNITED  STATES  EEPRESENTATIVES  IN  THE  LATIN- 
AMEEIOAN  EEPUBLIOS. 


AMBASSADORS  EXTRAORDrNARY  AND  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Brazil Ikving  B.  Dudley,  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Mexico David  E.  Thompson,  Mexico. 

ENVOYS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTERS  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Argentine  Republic A.  M.  BeauphA,  Bnenoe  AinBB. 

Bolivia William  B.  Sorsby,  La  Pa«. 

Chile - John  Hicks,  Santiago. 

Colombia Thomas  C.  Dawson,  Bogota. 

Coata  Rica ^ William  L.  Merry,  San  Jos6. 

Cuba Edwin  V.  Morgan,  Havana. 

Ecuador Williams  C.  Fox,  Quito. 

Guatemala Joseph  W.  J.  Les,  Guatemala  City. 

Haiti Henry  W.  Furniss,  Port  an  Prince. 

Honduras (See  Salvador. ) 

Nicaragua (See  Costa  Rica. ) 

Panaina Herbert  G.  Squiers,  Panama. 

Parajjua y (See  Urug:uay.) 

Peru  Leslie  Combs,  Lima. 

Salvador H.  Percival  Dodge,  San  Salvador. 

Uruguay Edward  C.  O'Brien,  Montevideo. 

Venezuela W.  W.  Russell,  Caracas. 

MINISTER   RESIDENT  AND  CONSUL-GENERAL. 

Dominican  Republic Fenton  R.  McCreeby,  Santo  Domingo. 

o 


International  Union  of  American  Republics 


Monthly  Bulletin 


OF  THEl 


International  Bureau 


OF  THEl 


American  Republics 


VOL.  2e.  No.  3 

MARCH,  1908 

WHOLE  NO.  174 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C,  U.  S.  A. 

GOVEIRNMEINT    PRINTING   OFFICE!  | 

1908  i 


II 


\ 


JOHN    BARRETT, 
Director  of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics. 

FRANCISCO  J.  YANES,  WILLIAM  C.  WELLS, 

Secretary.  Chief  Clerk. 


OKNERAL   TABLE    OF   CONTENTS.  Ill 


GENERAL  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Tables  of  contents: 


Page. 
Knglish  section rv 

Spanish  section vi 

Portuguese  section viii 

French  section ix 


El  I'ndicp  <le  la  seccion  c*a«tellana  se  halla  en  la  pil^ina vi 

La  seccion  castellana  coinienza  en  la  pat^ina 6()7 

O  indice  da  j*ec<;a<)  |)ortuKneza  encontra-se  li  pa^na viii 

A  «e<-«,-^o  p< ntujnieza  en«'ontra-j?e  a  pa^na Wi3 

<  >n  trrMivera  la  Table  des  Majiere?^  A  la  pa>re ix 

<  Hi  trouvera  la  ?*e<*tion  fran<,*ais€  a  la  fiaffe 717 


IV  TABLK    OF   CONTENTS. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


I.— Kditorial  Section 4.S5 

Death  of  Seflor  Don  Jose  Algara— The  new  Pan-American  Committee— Ratifica- 
tion of  the  Central-American  Treaties— Hon.  William  J.  Br^an  and  Latin 
America— Latin- American  tribute  to  Secretary  Root — Lecture  on  Camoens  by 
Ambaw«ador  Nabuco— A  word  of  appreciation  from  Mr.  Bridgman— Yale  couives 
in  regard  to  Latin  America— Cosmopolitan  clubs  in  colleges— The  Pan-American 
Scientific  Congress— Latin  America  at  Philadelphia— A  new  magazine  for  Latin 
America— Creelman '8  story  of  President  Diaz— Farewell  banquet  to  Seftor 
Pulido— Circular  tour  of  South  America— South  American  commercial  routes- 
Argentine  progres.»*in  1907— Bolivian  trade  and  industries— TarifT  protection  for 
industrial  properties  in  Brazil— Communication  development  in  Chile — Impor- 
tant treaty  between  Colombia  and  Ecuador— Costa  Rica's  report  on  the  Central 
American  Peace  Conference— Cuban  revenues  and  development— Trade  and 
internal  conditions  of  Etuador— French  report  on  Guatemalan  conditions- 
Mexican  financial  conditions— Concessions  and  improvements  in  Nicaragua — 
Panama's  foreign  tiade  in  1907— Educational  stimulus  to  international  inter- 
course—Increased customs  revenues  and  railway  development  In  Peru — Salva- 
dor's commerce  and  resources— Cruguay's  finances  and  economic  progress — 
New  tariff  law  in  Venezuela. 

II.— APPR(»VAL  OF  THK  CONVKNTIONS  OF  THE  CENTRAL  AMERICAN    PEACE  CONFERENCE. .        4*i 

III.— Work  'of  the  National  Association  of  Mancfactcrers 4<» 

IV.— Association  of  Cosmopolitan  Clcbs 4W 

v.— Vale  CorR.sEs  on  South  A.mkrka .tOi> 

VI.— A  Chai-tkr  from  Karlikr  Pan  Amerk  an  Histohv tOO 

VII.— The  iNiTEn  Stated  from  Valparaiso  to  Callao 503 

VIII.— Commercial  Koctf-s  of  Socth  .\merk  a 50:'> 

IX.— Central  Amkrican  Coffek 50S 

X.— Ar(;entine  Repi  hlic 5l.» 

Foreign  coniinerce  in  1*H)7— Immigration  in  1907— Bank  statement,  December  31. 
1907— The  Bank  of  the  Argentine  Nation — Sugar  production  of  TncumAn. 
1907— Slaiigl)t«'r-hou>c  statistic.^,  1907— Customs'  revenues  at  Buenos  Aires. 
1907— Rice  culture  in  the  Republic- Discussion  of  the  sale  of  the  Andine  Rail 
way  postpone;!— Crop  movement  in  1907— Real  estate  and  li«*en}»e  ta.xj^- 
Building  in  Buenos  Aires  during  the  la.st  seven  years — (\)tton  gnnving  and 
inunufueture- ComniunicHtion  with  Bolivia. 

X  I .— HOLI  VIA :»l!» 

Commeree  with  the  L'nite<l  States.  1907— Conditions  of  foreign  c<»mmerce— Re- 
duction of  interest  on  mining  licenses- Production  and  industry— OperatiiuiH 
of  the  Mint,  first  half  of  1907— Statistical  data. 

X 1 1 .— Hr  A/I  L .'Oo 

t!ofTee  exports,  1900-1907— Foreign  commeree.  eleven  mtmths  of  1907— Native 
niantifactnriiig  industries — Kx|M)rtsof  rubber,  second  half  of  1907— lnimigrati<»n 
statistics  ('ust«)ms  receipts  at  Para.  1907— Trade  of  Santos  in  1907— A<lherence 
to  the  Sanitary  Convention— Brazilian  hemp — Port  works  at  Rwife— Platinum 
ill  the  Republic— Miscellaneous  notes. 

XI  If. —CHILE Vk» 

Customs  revenues  during  1907— Af»pn>priat ion  for  government  rnilntads  in  190H — 
Construition  of  the  Longittidinal  Railway  authorized — (irowth  of  the  men-hani 
marine  Receipts  anil  ixpenditures  in  1907— Coal  mlnej*— National  sh»H»  aui! 
leather  e.Kposition  of  HH)7— Cominereial  treaty  with  Denmark— Comnien-e  o? 
TaltrtI  — K.Ki'hange  of  international  mone..  onlers  with  Japan— Payment  «>f 
ini|M)rt  and  storage  duties. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS.  V 

Page. 

XIV.— Colombia 636 

New  cabiuei— Trade  of  Cartagena.  1907— Treaty  of  amity,  commerce,  and  navi- 
gation with  Ecuador— Navigation  of  the  Magdalena  River— Railroad  subsidies 
during  190H— .<hoe  and  leather  industry. 

X  v.— Co«TA  Rica 542 

Consular  invoices— A  Costa  Rican  view  of  the  Central  American  Court  of  Justice. 

XVI.— Cuba j>4« 

Fiscal  revenues  during  1907— Customs  modifications. 

XVII.— Ecuador 560 

Municipal  revenues  of  Guayaquil— Service  of  the  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Railway 
bonds— Quito  and  Guayaquil  Railway  bond  issue— Payment  of  Guayaquil  and 
Quito  bonds— Internal  conditions— l^nd  titles. 

XVIII.— Guatemala 567 

Trade  conditions  in  the  Republic. 

XIX  — HONDIRAS 661 

Report  of  the  New  York  and  Honduras  Rosario  Company. 

XX.— Mexico 661 

Foreign  commen'e.  first  five  months  of  1907-S— (?u8toms  revenues  during  the  first 
seven  months  of  1907-8— The  banks  of  the  Republic  in  1907— Establishment  of 
cold-storage  plants— A.sphalt  deposit*  of  the  Republic— Silver  basis  of  the  stamp 
and  custom  taxes,  March.  1908— Status  of  the  cotton  industry— Shoe  and  leather 
trade— The  sugar  industry— Goat  rearing  in  the  Republic— New  consulates  in 
Central  America. 

XXI.— NiCARAd'A 572 

Increa.sed  issue  of  exportation  Iwuds— (Guttapercha  confession — Concession  for 
the  exploitation  of  minerals  and  preci<ms  sumei*— Dre<lging  and  navigation  of 
the  River  Grande — New  railway. 

XXII.— Panama 576 

Foreign  trade  in  1907. 

XXIII.-Peri- 577 

Customs  revenues  during  1907— Commence  with  New  York,  first  nine  months  of 
1907— RcconstriM'tion  of  the  M(M|ueKua  Railroad- Railway  development  in  1907 
an<l  1908. 

XXIV.— Salvai>or 582 

Exports  during  the  first  nine  months  <»f  1907— The  telegraph  and  telephone  serv- 
ice iti  190;— Mining  in  Salvador-ciovernment  contn>l  of  cartridges  for  fire- 
arms—Important tnipical  prrxlucts. 

XX v.— r.NiTKD  Statf> 589 

Trade  with  Latin  Ainerica— ('^mveution  for  the  arbitration  of  pecuniary  claims- 
Ratification  of  the  convention  forco<lest)f  International  law— The  disinfection 
of  imported  hides— Live-sto<'k  statistics,  1908— Export  of  meat  products  in 
1907— CofTee  imports  in  1907— Export  of  nibl>er  manufactures,  1907— The  tobacco 
industry  in  1907. 

XXVI.-rRroiAY / 601 

Financial  status.  190(V-7— Customs  receipts  in  1907— Inaugural  .«*e.ssion  of  the  Inter- 
national Congress  of  .\merican  stu<lents— proposed  revision  of  the  mining 
code— Balan"e  sheet  of  the  Bank  of  the  Republic,  1907— Regulations  governing 
insurance  companies 

XX  VII.— Vknezuela 605 

Rei»eal  of  the  mon<»poly  on  matches— Magne-ite  concession. 
XXVIII.— British  Mfr(Hani»isk  in  Latin  America,  19(KV-7 606 


VI  INDICE. 


INDICE. 


P&giiUL. 

I.— Skcci6n  Editori a  r 607 

Muerte  del  Sefior  Don  Jose  Algara— La  nueva  Comisi6u  Panamericana— Ratiflca- 
ci6n  de  los  tratados  centroamericanos— El  Hon.  William  J.  Bryan  y  la  America 
Latina— Homonaje  de  la  America  Latina  al  Secretario  Root— Con ferencia  sobre 
Camoens  por  el  Embnjador  Nabuco— Un  elogio  prodigado  por  el  Sefior  Bridg- 
man— Los  cursos  de  estudio  en  Yale  acerca  de  la  America  Latina— Lo8  clubs  y 
colegios  cosmopolltas— El  Congreso  Cientlfico  Panamericano — La  America  Lati- 
na en  Filadelfia— Una  nueva  revista  eonsagrada  A  losasuntoslatinoamericano^i — 
El  articulo  escrilo  por  el  Sefior  Creelman  acerca  del  Presidente  Diaz— Banquete 
de  despedidaal  Sefior  Pulido — Viaje  circular  de  la  Am<«rloa  del  Sur— Las  rotas  cc>- 
merciales  de  la  America  del  Sur— Progreso  argentino  en  1907— El  comercio  y  las 
industrias  de  Bolivia— Protecci6n  arancelaria  de  las  industrial  fabriles  del  Bra- 
sil — El  informe  de  Ck).sta  Rica  sobre  la  Conferencia  de  Paz  Centroamericana- 
La  renta  y  el  desarrollo  cubanos— Importante  tratado  celebrado  entre  Colombia 
y  el  Ecuador— El  desarrollo  de  la  comunicaci6n  en  Chile — El  comercio  y  law  eon - 
diciones  nacionales  del  E<'uador— Un  informe  franc6s  sobre  las  condiciones 
existente.s  en  Guatemala— I^s  condiciones  flnancieras  mexlcanas — Concesiones 
y  mejoras  en  Nicaragua— Comercio  extranjerodePanamA  en  1907— Esti mule  del 
contacto  internacional  mediante  la  educaci6n— Aumento  de  la  renta  deaduana 
y  desarrollo  ferroviario  en  el  Peril— El  comercio  y  los  recureos  del  Salvador- 
Las  finanzas  y  el  i)rogreso  econ6mico  del  Uruguay— Nueva  ley  arancelaria  de 
Venezuela. 
IL— La  Aproba(i6n  de  las  Convknciones  de  la  Conferencia  de  Paz  Centroamericana.      *i>2 

IIL— Los  Trabajos  de  la  Aso(:iaci6n  Nacional  de  Fabricantes 622 

IV.— La  Asoci aci6n  de  Clubs  Cosmopolitaw Hi3 

v.— Los  CURaOS  EN  LA  UNIVERSIDAD  DE  YaLE  SOBRE  LA  AMERICA  DEL  SUR ff*S 

VI.— ViAJE  DE  LA  Armada  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  Valparaiso  al  Callao 626 

VII.— La  Producci6n  dk  Cafe  en  la  America  Centra i «J9 

VIII.— REPtJBLICA  A ROENTIN a (;:« 

El  comercio  exterior  en  1907— La  inmigraci6n  de  1907— La  ediflcaci6n  en  Bueno«: 
Aires— Postergaci6n  del  debate  de  la  venta  del  Ferrocarrill  Andino — Transporte 
de  la  cosecha  en  1907— El  cultivo  del  algod6n  y  la  fabricaci6n  de  articulns  de 
alg()d6ii— Impuestos  sobre  las  compai\las  de  seguros— El  cultivo  del  arroz— Im- 
puestos  sobre  las  compaflitis  de  seguros — Producci6n  de  azilcar  de  TucumiUi  en 
1907— Estadistica  de  raatros  correspondiente  A  1907— Renta  de  aduana  recaudada 
en  el  puertode  Buenos  Aires  en  1907— La  comunicaci6n  con  Bolivia— ContribuciiSn 
territorial  y  matriculas. 
IX.— Bolivia tm» 

Comercio  con  los  Estados  Unidos  en  1907 — Comercio  extranjero — Vias  de  comunica- 
ci6n— Operaciones  de  la  Casa  Nacional  de  Moneda  durante  el  primer  semestrv 
de  1907— Red ucci6n  del  interns  sobre  las  matriculas  mineras—  Producci<Sn  e  in- 
dustria— Datos  estadlsticos. 
X  .—Br  AMI  I 647 

Apn)baci6n  de  la  Convenci6n  Sanitaria— Comercio  extranjero  en  once  meses  de 
1907— Ex|M>rta('iones  de  caf«^  de  1900  A  1907— Estadistica  de  defunciones  en  Rio 
Janeiro — El  cAflamobrasileflo— Lasobrasde  puertoen  Pernambuco— El  comercio 
de  Santos  en  1907— Renta  aduanera  de  ParA  en  1907. 
X  I.— COlX).M  HI  A M*« 

Nuevo  gabinete— Comercio  de  Cartagena  en  1907— Pago  de  8ubvencione«»  A  las  ct»m- 
pafiias  de  vapores  del  Rio  Magdalena— Primas  de  exportaci6n— Canje  de  Uu* 
latitlcaciones  del  Tratado  de  Amistad.  Comercio  y  Navegaci6n  con  el  Ecuador- 
Pago  de  subvenciones,  ga.stos,  etc.,  &  empreaas  ferroviarias  durante  1908. 


iNDicE.  vir 

XII.— Cuba 664 

La^rentas  del  Estado  durante  1907. 

XIII.— Chile 654 

Rentas  aduaneras  durante  el  afio  de  1907— Presupuesto  de  los  Ferrocarriles  del 
Estado  para  1908— El  Ferrocarril  Longitudinal— La  hacienda  p\ibllca— Pago  de 
lofi  derechos  de  aduana  y  de  almacenaje — Expo6ici6n  nacional  de  calzado  y  de 
curtiduria  en  1907— Canje  de  giros  internacionales  con  el  Jap6n— Minas  de  car- 
bon de  piedra- Importaciones  y  exportacionefl  por  la  Aduana  de  Taltal. 

XIV.— BCTADOR 659 

La  renta  municipal  de  Guayaquil— Serviclo  de  loe  bonos  del  Ferrocarril  de  Gua- 
yaquil y  Quito— EmiBi6n  de  bonoe  del  Ferrocarril  de  Guayaquil  &  Quito— Estado 
de  los  asuntoH  dom(^8ticos. 

XV.— EsTADoe  UNiDoe 662 

Comercio  con  la  America  Latina— Convenci6n  para  el  arbitraje  de  reclamaciones 
pecuniaras— Ratiflcaci6n  de  la  convenci6n  sobre  c6dig08  de  derecbo  interna- 
clonal— Datos  estadi.<*tico6  relativos  el  ganado  en  1908— £xportaci6n  de  carnes  y 
animales  para  el  consume  en  1907— Las  importaciones  de  caf6  en  1907— Laa  expor- 
taciones  de  artlculosde  gomaen  1907— La  industria  tabacalera  en  1907— La  de^in- 
fecci6n  de  cueros  importados. 

XVL— GUATiMALA 666 

Estado  del  comercio  en  1906. 

XVII.— Mftxico 670 

Comercio  exterior  en  los  cinco  primcros  mcses  de  1907-8— Rentas  aduaneras  durante 
los  siete  primeros  meses  de  1907-8— Establecimiento  de  almacenes  refrigeradores 
—Los  nuevos  consuladosen  la  Am^^rica  Central— Baae  en  plata  delos  impuestos 
de  timbre  y  aduanas  en  marzo  de  1908— Depdsitos  de  asfalto  de  la  Rep\iblica. 

XVIIL— Nicaragua 672 

Aumento  de  la  emis6n  de  bi^non  de  exportaci6n— Prlvllegio  para  la  explotaci6n 
deguta-percha— Privilegioparalaexplotaci6n  de  minerales  y  piedras  precloHa.s— 
Dragaje  de  la  barra  y  navegaci6n  del  Rio  Grande— Nuevo  ferrocarril. 

XIX —Panama 676 

Importaciones  y  exportaciones  en  1907. 

XX.— PbrC 677 

Rentas  aduaneras  durante  el  primer  semestre  de  1907— Comercio  con  Nueva  York 
en  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907— Rentas  aduaneras  de  Mollendo  en  1907— 
ReconstrucciOn  del  Ferrocarril  de  Moquegua. 

XXI.— Salvador 679 

Comercio  extranjero  en  1907— El  serviclo  de  tel^grafos  y  tel^fonos  en  1907— E»- 
tancaniiento  de  los  cartucbos  para  armas  de  fuego. 

XXII.-Uruouay 680 

Renta  aduanera  en  1907— Estado  rtnanciero  en  1906-7— La  proyectada  revisi6n  del 
C6digo  de  Minas— Balance  del  Banco  de  la  Repilblica  en  1907— Segi6n  inaugural 
del  Congreso  de  Estudiantes  Americanos. 

XXIII.— Venezi'ELA 682 

Abolici6n  del  monopolio  de  f6sforo»  <•  impuestos  que  pagnr&n— Modificaciones 
araneelarias. 


VIII  INDICE. 


INDICE. 

Pa^na. 
I.— SecvAo  Editorial 683 

Morte  do  Senhor  Jos6  Algara— A  nova  commiss&o  pan-amerlcana— Ratifica^fto  doe 
tratados  flrmados  pela  Conferencia  da  America  Central— O  Hon.  William  J.  Bryan 
e  a  America  Latina— Homenagem  prestada  pela  America  Latina  ao  Secretario 
Root— O  Embaixador  Nabuco  convidado  a  realizar  uma  conferencia  sobre 
Camoes— Expressfto  de  approva^fto  manife^tada  pelo  Senhor  Bridgman — Cursoa 
sobre  a  America  Latina  na  Univereidade  de  Yale — Clubs  cosmopolitanos  e  col- 
legios— Congreaso  scientifico  pan-americano— America  Latina  em  Philadelphia— 
Um  novo  magazine  para  a  America  Latina— Artigo  sobre  Presidente  Diaz  escripto 
por  Senhor  Creelman— Banquete  de  despedida  ao  Senhor  Pulido— Viagem  ao 
redor  da  America  do  Sul— Itinerarios  commerciaes  na  America  do  Snl— Progresso 
argentino  em  1907— Commcrcio  e  industrias  da  Bolivia— Ppotec^o  aduaneira 
para  as  propriedades  indnstriaes  no  Brazil— Desenvolvimento  das  vias  de  com- 
munica^fto  no  Chile— Tratado  importante  entre  Colombia  e  Equador— Relatorio 
da  Costa  Rica  sobre  a  Conferencia  de  Paz  da  America  Central— Rendas  e  desen- 
volvimento de  Cuba — Commercio  e  condi^Oes  intemas  do  Equador— Relatorio 
sobre  as  condigOes  em  Guatemala— CondigOes  financeiras  do  Mexico— OoncessOes 
e  melhoramentos  em  Nicaragua— Commercio  exterior  do  Panam&  em  1907— Eeti- 
mulo  &8  rela^^Oes  internacionaes  por  meio  da  educapfto— Augmento  daa  rendas 
aduaneiras  e  desenvolvimento  das  vias  ferreas  no  Peru— Commercio  e  recursofl 
de  Salvador— Finanyas  e  progresso  economico  do  Uruguay— Nova  lei  de  tarifa  na 
Venezuela. 

II.— APPROVAgAO  DAS  CONVEN^OES  DA  CONFERENCIA   DE  PAZ  DA  AMERICA  CENTRAL 697 

III.— Produo^Ao  DO  CafA  na  America  Central 697 

IV.— A8sociA(;Ao  de  Clubs  Cosmopolitanos i 698 

v.— Ci-Rsos  Sobre  a  America  Meridional  na  Universidade  de  Yale 99S 

VI.— Repvblica  Argentina 701 

Commercio  exterior  em  1907— Movimento  da  immigrac&o  em  1907— Movimento 
das  colhcitas  em  1907— Cultura  e  manufactura  do  algodAo— Cultura  do  arroz  na 
Republica. 

VII.— Bolivia 705 

Commercio  com  os  Estados  Unldos  em  1907. 

VIII.— Brazil 705 

Adhesao  &  Convenvfto  Sanitaria  Internacional— Commercio  exterior  durante  os  onxe 
mezcs  de  1907— Immigra^fto  em  1907— Cone urrencia  para  as  obras  de  melhora- 
mento  do  porto  do  Recife— Commercio  do  porto  de  Santos  em  1907. 

IX.— Chile 707 

KendaH  aduaneiras  em  1907— Verba  votada  para  o  custeio  das  estradas  de  ferro  fede- 
raes  em  1908— Pfrmuta^fto  de  vales  postaes  com  o  Japao— Direitos  de  importayfto  e 
armazenagem- Tratado  de  commercio  com  a  Dinamarca. 

X.— Colombia 708 

Movimento  de  exportayfto  do  porto  de  Cartagena  em  1907. 

XI.— KtiiiADOR 709 

CondifOes  intorna.s. 

XII.— Kstados  Unidos 711 

Commercio  com  os  palze.«j  hilino-ameritanos- Importa^fto  do  ca!6  no  anno  de  1907— 
Kxporta^&o  da  borracha  manufacturada  em  1907— Estatistica  pecuaria  em  1*  de 
Janeiro  de  190H— Conven^fto  sobre  reclamayOes  peeuniarias— Ratificac&o  da  con- 
ven^ao  sobre  codigos  de  direito  internacional— Exporta^o  de  productoe  animaes 
no  anno  de  1907— Desinfec^fto  de  couros  importados— Industria  do  fumo  em  1907. 

XIII.-Mexho 714 

Commercio  exterior  \w»  primeiros  cinco  mezes  de  1907-8— Depodtos  de  asphalto  da 
Republica. 

XIV.— Peru 715 

Renda.**  aduaneira.«<,  primeiro  semestre  de  1907. 

XV.— rRUGUAY 714 

Rendas  aduaneiras  em  1907— SItuacfto  finaneeira  em  1906-7. 


tABLE    DE8    MATIERE8.  IX 


TABLE  DES  MATlfiRES. 


A  RTICLE8  DE  FOND 717 

Mort  de  Sefior  Don  Jos6  Algara— Nouveau  comity  pan-am4rican— Ratification  des  trait^s 
centro-am<^ricain8—L' Honorable  William  J.  feryan  et  TAm^rique  Latine— T^molffnage  de 
reconnaissance  de  TAm^riqae  Latine  A  M.  Root,  secretaire  d'^t— Conference  sur 
Camoens  par  M.  Nabuco,  ambaasadeur  da  Br^sil^Un  mot  d' appreciation  de  M.  Bridgman— 
Conference  de  Yale  sur  TAmerlque  Latine — Cercle  cos^mopolitain  et  colleges— CongrftB 
8c^ntifl<iue  pan-americain— L'Amerique  Latine  k  Philadelphle— Nouvelle  revue  pour 
TAmerique  Latine— Portrait  du  President  Diaz  par  M.  Creelman— Banquet  offert  k  Sefior 
Pulido  A  Tot'casion  de  son  depart— Voyage  clrculaire  de  I'Amerique  du  8ud— Routes  com- 
merclales  sud-americalnes— Progres  de  la  Republiquc  Argentine  en  1907— Commerce  et 
industries  de  la  Bolivie — Protection  douaniere  accordee  aux  industries  bresiliennes— 
Developpement  des  moyens  de  communication  au  Chili— Traite  important  entre  la 
(^olombie  et  rfequateur— Rapport  de  Costa-Rica  sur  la  Conference  centro-americaine  de 
la  Paix— Recettes  de  Cuba  et  developpement  du  pays— Conditions  interieures  de  I'Equa- 
teur  et  commerce  du  pays— Rapport  fran^ais  sur  les  conditions  commerciales  du 
Guatemala— Conditions  financieres  du  Mexique— Concessions  et  ameliorations  au  Nica- 
ragua—Commerce exterieur  en  1907— Impulsion  donnee  aux  relations  sociales  et  com- 
mercittles— Commerce  et  reasources  du  Salvador— Finances  et  progres  economiques  de 
rrruguay- Nouvelle  loi  douaniere  au  Venezuela. 

Approbation  des  Conventions  de  la  Conference  Centro-americaine  de  la  Paix 730 

Le  CafE  de  L'AmErique  Centrale 731 

REpi'BLiQiTE  Argentine 731 

Commerce  exterieur  en  1907— Immigration— Culture  du  riz— Chemlns  de  fer  des  Andes. 

Bolivie 782 

Commerce  avec  \vn  fetate-Unis. 

BRfesn 732 

Commerce  exterieur.  onze  mois  de  1907— Travaux  de  port— Commerce  de  Santos  en  1907-^ 
Recettes  douanieres  k  Para— Ratification  de  la  convention  sanitaire— Immigration. 

Chili 783 

Chaussures  et  cuir  en  1907— Traite  de  commerce  avec  le  Danemark. 
CoLOMBIE 733 

Commerce  de  Cartagene—Subventions  en  1908. 
Cuba 733 

Recettes  fiscales. 
Etat»-Uni8 734 

Commerce  avec  I'Amerique  Latine— Importations  de  cafe— Articles  en  caoutchouc— Be  tail— 
Tabac— Exportations  de  viande. 
Mexique 736 

Gisements  d'asphalte— Recettes  douanieres,  sept  mois  de  1907. 
Panama 735 

Commerce  exterieur. 
PtROU .■ 736 

Commerce  avec  New  York. 
Urvou  AY 736 

Condition  fiuancidre— Recettes  douanieres— Congres  international  d'etudiants  americains— 
Revision  du  code  rainier— Recettes  de  la  Banque  de  TUruguay. 


While  the  utmost  care  is  taken  to  -insure  accuracy  in  the  publications 
of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics,  no  responsibility 
is  assumed  on  account  of  errors  or  inaccuracies  which  may  occur  therein. 


For  m&B  que  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Beptiblicas  Americanas  xK>ne 
escrupuloso  cuidado  para  obtener  el  mayor  grado  de  correcci6n  en  sus  publi- 
caciones,  no  asume  responsabilidad  al^una  por  los  errores  6  inexactitudes 
que  pudieran  deslizarse. 


Apezar  de  se  tomar  o  maior  cuidado  para  se  assegrurar  correc^fto  nas 
publica^des  da  Secretaria  Intemacional  das  Bepublicas  Americanas,  esta 
nfto  se  responsabeliza  pelos  erros  ou  inexactidSes  que  nellas  occorrerem. 


Bien  que  le  Bureau  International  des  B^publiques  Amdricaines  exerce  le 
plus  gn^and  soin  pour  assurer  1' exactitude  de  ses  publications,  il  n'assumera 
aucune  responsabilit^  des  erreurs  ou  inexactitudes  qui  pourraient  s'y  ^lisser. 

X 


GENERAL  CIPRIANO  CASTRO,  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  VENEZUELA. 


Monthly*  Bulletin 

OF   THK 

iNTERxNATIONAL  BUREAU  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS, 

International  Union  of  American  Republics. 

_  .  .  .  _     __  ,  .  _  -__ 

Vol.  XXVI.  MARCH,  1908.  No.  3. 


When  this  issue  of  the  Bulletin  is  being  distributed,  bids  will 
have  been  received  from  the  firms  who  have  been  invited  to  submit 
estimates  for  the  erection  of  the  new  building  of  the  International 
Bureau.  Only  a  sliort  time  will  be  required  to  award  the  contract 
and  actual  work  should  be  inaugurated  not  later  than  the  middle  of 
April.  A  great  effort  will  be  made  to  forward  construction,  so  that 
the  structure  will  be  practically  completed  before  the  Secretary  of 
State  and  Chairman  of  the  Governing  Board  retires  from  office  in 
March,  1909.  In  view  of  the  special  interest  which  Secretary  Root 
has  taken  in  the  relations  of  the  United  States  with  Latin  America, 
in  the  reorganization  and  enlargement  of  the  Bureau,  and  in  so  pre- 
senting to  Mr.  Carnegie  the  importance  of  the  field  covered  by  the 
Bureau  that  he  made  his  generous  gift  of  $750,000  for  its  new 
home,  there  is  a  unanimous  feeling  in  the  Governing  Board  that 
every  energy  should  be  directed  towards  dedicating  this  new  building 
during  his  administration.  Specifications  and  plans  as  finally 
approved  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  the  Director  of  the  Bureau, 
acting  for  the  Board,  show  many  improvements  over  the  original 
drawings,  and  there  is  no  question  that  this  edifice  will  be  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  in  Washington.  It  \\all  be  both  artistic  and  useful, 
suggestive  of  the  purpose  to  which  it  is  devoted  and  yet  adapted  to 
carrying  on  the  practical  work  of  the  Bureau.  It  is  hoped  that 
photographs  of  the  revised  drawings  can  be  reproduced  in  the  April 
issue  of  the  Bulletin.  The  delay  in  the  completion  of  the  plans  by 
the  architects  has  been  due  largely  to  revisions  of  the  first  drawings 
and  a  careful  study  of  all  details. 

485 


486      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 
DEATH   OF  SENOR   DOX  JOSE   AL6ARA. 

By  the  death  of  His  Excellency  Jose  Algara,  Assistant  Secretary 
of  Foreign  Relations  of  Mexico,  which  occurred  in  the  capital  on  the 
10th  instant,  the  Republic  of  Mexico  has  lost  one  of  its  most  faithful 
servants  and  eminent  sons  and  the  International  Bureau  of  the 
American  Republics  a  good  and  faithful  friend. 

Sefipr  Algara  filled  offices  of  gre^t  importance  and  responsibility, 
such  as  professor  of  private  international  law  and  of  comparative 
law  in  the  School  of  Jurisprudence  of  Mexico.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  College  of  Lawyers,  Acting  Secretary 
of  State,  and  held  other  administrative  offices,  in  all  of  which  he 
displayed  his  great  ability  in  the  performance  of  his  duties. 


THE    NEW    PAN-AMERICAN    COMMITTEE. 

The  Third  Pan-American  Conference,  held  in  Rio  de  Janeiro,  wisely 
provided  for  the  appointment,  by  the  Minister  of  Foreign  AflFairs 
or  Secretary  of  State,  of  a  committee  in  each  country  represented, 
which  should  cooperate  with  him  in  securing  the  approval  of  the 
treaties,  conventions  and  resolutions  approved  by  the  Conference, 
and  also  with  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  in 
initiating  and  accomplishing  such  steps  for  the  development  of  Pan- 
American  comity  and  commerce  as  would  benefit  all  the  countries 
concerned.  Secretary  Root  has  recently  invited  the  following  rep- 
resentative men  to  serve  upon  this  committee  for  the  United  States: 
Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  Hon.  William  I.  Buchanan,  Chairman  of 
the  United  States  Delegation  to  the  Third  Pan-American  Conference, 
United  States  Senator  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  of  West  Virginia,  United 
States  Congressman  Charles  B.  Landis,  of  Indiana,  United  States 
Congressman  James  L.  Slayden,  of  Texas,  Gen.  A.  E.  Bates,  United 
States  Army,  retired,  Prof.  L.  S.  Rowe,  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  United  States  Delegate  to  the  Third  Pan-American 
Conference,  Hon.  Robert  Bacon,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  Presi- 
dent Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler,  of  the  University  of  California,  Presi- 
dent E.  J.  James,  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  Prof.  Paul  S.  Reinsch, 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  Mr.  William  E.  Curtis,  the  weD- 
known  newspaper  correspondent,  and  Mr.  John  Barrett,  Director  of 
the  International  Bureau. 

In  appointing  this  committee  the  Secretary  of  State  said  that  it 
could  render  very  important  and  useful  services  in  cooperating  with 
the  various  American  States  in  the  direction  of  their  mutual  under- 
standing and  sympathetic  relations. 


INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS.       487 
RATIFICATION   OF   CENTRAL   AMERICAN   TREATIES. 

It  is  gratifying  to  record  the  ratification  of  the  treaties  and  con- 
ventions signed  at  the  Central  American  Peace  Conference,  recently 
held  in  Washington,  at  the  hands  of  all  the  Central  American  Govern- 
ments. This  attitude  of  the  Central  American  Governments  can 
not  fail  to  awaken  most  favorable  comment  throughout  the  worid 
and  draw  attention  to  their  possibilities  of  development  and  progress. 
As  has  been  suggested  in  the  Bulletin  many  times  before,  all  of 
Central  America  can  be  classed  as  one  of  the  most  resourceful 
sections  of  the  Western  Hemisphere,  awaiting  only  abundant  capital, 
more  railroads,  better  lines  of  water  communication,  and  perma- 
nently stable  government  to  realize  a  condition  of  progress  and 
prosperity  that  will  surprise  the  world. 


HON.    WILLIAM    J.    BRYAN    AND   LATIN    AMERICA. 

On  February  15,  Mr.  John  Barrett,  the  Director  of  the  Interna- 
tional Bureau,  in  response  to  a  special  invitation  from  the  Com- 
mercial Club  of  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  delivered  an  address  at  its  annual 
banquet  in  which  he  discussed  the  foreign  trade  relations  of  the 
United  States,  as  they  concern  Latin  America  especially.  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  Hon.  William  J.  Bryan,  one  of  the  most  prominent 
men  in  public  life  of  the  United  States,  is  a  citizen  of  Lincoln,  Mr. 
Barrett  has  exchanged  letters  with  him  on  the  subject  of  the  United 
States  and  Latin  America,  which  have  more  than  a  local  interest,  and 
hence  are  given  below. 

'International  Bureau  of  American  Republics, 

"  Washington,  D.  C,  January  20,  1908. 
''Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan, 

' '  Care  The  National  Press  Bureau, 

'*  Munsey  Building,  Washington,  D,  C, 
* '  My  Dear  Mr.  Bryan  :  The  Commercial  Club  of  Lincoln,  Nebraska, 
has  invited  me  to  deliver  an  address,  at  its  first  annual  banquet,  on 
the  commercial  relations  of  the  United  States  with  the  Republics  to 
the  south  of  us.  Inasmuch  as  you  are  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
residents  of  that  city  and  State,  and  as  your  views  must  be  valued 
greatly  there,  I  would  be  very  much  pleased  to  learn  how  you  look 
upon  the  movement  for  the  development  of  greater  commerce  and 
comity  between  the  United  States  and  her  sister  nations,  so  that  I 
may  read  what  you  have  to  say  at  this  gathering  of  your  fellow 
citizens. 


488     INTEBNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMEBIC  AN   BEPUBUCS. 

''Incidentally  I  would  add  that,  if  you  are  in  Washington  for  any 
length  of  time,  it  would  give  me  much  pleasure  to  introduce  you  to 
the  Ambassadors  and  Ministers  of  the  Latin  American  Republics  who 
constitute  oiu*  Governing  Board  and  who  represent  the  best  element 
of  Latin  American  statesmanship  and  citizenship. 
''Yours,  very  respectfully, 

"John  Barrett." 

"Washington,  D.  C,  January  28,  1908. 
"Hon.  John  Barrett, 

^^ Bureau  of  American  Republics,  Washington,  D,  C. 

"My  Dear  Mr.  Barrett:  Your  favor  is  just  at  hand.  Answer- 
ing your  inquiry,  I  beg  to  say  that  I  am  not  only  interested,  but 
deeply  interested,  in  the  development  of  our  trade  with  South  Amer- 
ica. Believing  as  I  do,  that  the  republican  idea  of  government  i^ 
destined  to  spread  throughout  the  worid,  I  watch  with  solicitude  the 
growth  of  the  Republics  to  the  south  of  us.  I  have  visited  Mexicx) 
twice,  and  attended  the  inauguration  of  the  first  President  of  the 
Cuban  Republic.  My  plans  included  a  visit  to  South  America  this 
winter,  but  I  have  been  compelled  to  defer  it,  much  to  my  regret. 

"If  you  will  read  the  articles  which  I  have  written  on  Mexico  and 
Cuba,  you  will  see  that  the  tone  is  distinctly  friendly.  I  indorse 
President  Cleveland's  attitude  in  regard  to  Venezuela,  and  have 
editorially  proposed  the  encouragement  of  commerce  between  the 
United  States  and  South  America  by  the  establishment  of  steamship 
lines  along  both  the  eastern  and  western  coasts  of  the  two  countries. 
Instead  of  subsidizing  private  lines,  I  suggested  that  our  Government 
build  some  ships  suitable  for  transport  service  in  time  of  war,  and 
then  lease  them  in  time  of  peace  on  the  conditions  that  will  insure  the 
establishment  of  freight  and  pasvsenger  traffic  between  our  country 
and  all  the  countries  of  South  America. 

''1  shall  be  glad  to  meet  the  representatives  of  the  Southern 
Republics  who  constitute  your  Governing  Board. 

"Thanking  you  for  bringing  this  matter  to  my  attention,  I  am, 
**Verv  trulv,  vours, 

^    ^  "W.J.  Bryan." 


LATIN-AMERICAN    TRIBUTE   TO    SECRETARY    ROOT. 

The  Governing  Board  of  the  International  Bureau  took  advantage 
of  the  absence  from  the  last  meeting  of  Secretary  Root,  its  chairman, 
to  pay  him  a  very  high  compliment.  When  the  business  of  the  meet- 
ing reached  the  point  of  consideration  of  the  new  building,  a  motion 
was  made,  and  unanimously  approved,  with  many  appropriate 
speeches,  to  the  followin^r  effect : 


INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS.       489 

'^Resolved,  That  when  the  new  building  of  the  Inteiuiational 
Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  is  in  course  of  construction,  a 
suitable  testimonial  be  erected  in  connection  therewith,  in  honor  of 
the  Hon.  Secretary  Root,  as  an  acknowledgment  and  a  public  recog- 
nition of  his  most  important  services  and  his  persevering  work  on 
behalf  of  the  Pan-American  Union." 


LECTURE    ON    CAMOENS    BY   AMBASSADOR   NABUCO. 

Mr.  JoAQUiM  Nabuco,  the  able  and  scholarly  Ambassador  of  Brazil 
in  the  United  States,  has  been  invited  by  Yale  University  to  dehver 
an  address  before  the  faculty  and  students  on  Camoens,  the  great 
Portuguese  poet.  While  it  is  gratifying  to  note  this  growth  of  inter- 
est in  the  Uterary  characters  of  the  Latin  world,  whose  names  are 
household  words  in  Latin  America  and  little  known  in  the  United 
States,  it  is  particularly  pleasing  that  Ambassador  Nabuco  should 
have  been  selected  to  discuss  Camoens  before  an  audience  of  the  kind 
which  will  gather  to  hear  him.  Mr.  Nabuco  ranks  not  only  among 
the  foremost  diplomats  of  Pan- America,  but  his  scholarly  attainments 
are  recognized  all  over  the  world.  This  address  should  be  a  paper 
not  only  filled  with  information,  but  a  literary  achievement  in  itself. 


A    WORD   OF   APPRECIATION    FROM    MR.  BRIDGMAN. 

A  kind  word  of  approval  from  an  expert  judge  is  much  appreciated 
by  those  who  are  laboring  sincerely  to  advance  a  good  cause.  It 
appears  that  in  the  audience  which  listened  to  the  address  of  the 
Director  of  the  Bureau  on  Latin  America  and  his  journey  over  the 
Andes,  before  the  American  Geographical  Society  at  Mendelssohn  Hall, 
New  York  City,  February  25,  was  Mr.  H»  L.  Bridgman,  the  famous 
explorer  and  editor.  In  the  *' Brooklyn  Standard  Union"  of  Simday, 
March  1,  is  an  editorial  entitled  ''Latin  America,  To-day  and  To-mor- 
row,'' written  by  Mr.  Bridgman,  which  contains  the  following  para- 
graph: 

''The  American  Geographical  Society  did,  perhaps  unwittingly,  a 
substantial  pubUc  service  in  presenting  Mr.  Barrett  to  a  New  York 
audience,  and  none  who  heard  what  he  had  to  say  doubts  that  it 
should  be  said  in  many  forms  and  in  many  places;  that,  perhaps,  the 
present  with  the  prestige  of  the  battle  ships  and  the  good  will  which 
their  triumphant  circling  of  the  continent  has  evoked,  is  the  psycho- 
logical moment,  and  that  if  audiences  are  diflScult  and  platforms  few, 
the  power  of  the  press  may  well  be  worthily  invoked  to  take  up  the 
question.  Not  the  least  agreeable  and  assuring  portions  of  Mr.  Bar- 
rett's address  were  those  in  which  he  paid  high  tribute  to  Secretary 


490     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Root,  m  his  opinion  the  ablest  inoumbent  in  our  history,  of  his  high 
office  and  of  the  beneficent  and  lasting  results  of  his  South  American 
journey,  of  which  Mr.  Barrett's  Cordillerean  excursion  was  an 
incident." 


YALE  COURSES  IN  REGARD  TO  LATIN  AMERICA. 

In  this  issue,  the  Bulletin  gives  a  r6sum6  of  what  Yale  University 
is  doing  to  promote  the  study  of  Latin  America.  If  other  universities 
are  outlining  similar  courses,  the  Bulletin  will  be  glad  to  make 
mention  of  them,  so  that  students  of  both  North  and  South  America 
may  learn  what  facilities  are  being  provided  in  instruction  in  this 
direction.  Not  only  Yale,  but  Columbia,  Cornell,  the  University  of 
Wisconsin,  the .  University  of  Illinois,  the  University  of  California, 
and  the  University  of  Washington,  are  preparing  to  provide  courses 
of  instruction  for  the  increasing  number  of  young  men  who  wish  to 
study  Spanish  and  acquaint  themselves  with  the  history  and  develop- 
ment of  our  sister  RepubUcs.  It  is  hoped  that  all  high  educational 
institutions  in  this  country  will  follow  the  example  of  these  universi- 
ties and  colleges  named,  and  the  Bureau  will  be  pleased  to  cooperate 
with  them  in  any  way  it  can. 


COSMOPOLITAN  CLUBS  IN  COLLEGES. 

There  is  an  organization,  little  known  throughout  America,  which 
is  doing  an  excellent  work  in  the  collegiate  institutions  of  the  United 
States  for  the  development  of  closer  ties  of  friendship  between 
students  of  foreign  countries  and  those  of  the  United  States  who 
are  attending  the  same  institutions.  It  is  called,  appropriately,  the 
"Cosmopolitan  Club,''  and  its  membership  includes  not  only  students 
from  abroad  who  are  attending  institutions  in  the  United  States,  but 
a  certain  percentage  of  young  men  from  the  latter  country  who  are 
interested  in  foreign  lands.  Wherever  it  has  been  organized  it  has 
done  successful  work,  but  it  is  only  in  the  infancy  of  its  possibilities. 
Every  influence  which  can  surround  young  men  from  foreign  countries 
coming  to  the  United  States,  favorable  to  better  acquaintance  with 
them,  can  not  fail  to  educate  both  foreigners  and  natives  in  regard 
to  their  respective  portions  of  the  world.  Probably  there  is  a  far 
greater  ignorance  concerning  Latin  America  among  students  of  the 
United  States  than  there  is  among  students  coining  from  Latin 
America  in  regard  to  the  United  States,  and  hence  the  good  that  will 
come  from  this  Club  is  plainly  manifest.  The  International  Bureau 
wishes  it  great  prosperity  and  a  large  membership.  In  this  issue  is  a 
statement  descriptive  of  its  organization  and  purpose,  sent  to  this 
Bureau  by  one  of  its  officers. 


INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS.       491 
THE    PAN-AMERICAN    SCIENTIFIC    CONGRESS. 

On  February  17  an  important  but  informal  meeting  of  the  govern- 
ing board  of  the  International  Bureau  was  held  to  consider  the  pro- 
gramme of  the  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress  which  is  to  meet  at 
Santiago,  Chile,  in  December  of  this  year.  In  addition  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Governing  Board  present  were  Hon.  Robert  Bacon, 
Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  who  acted  as  chairman,  and  Prof.  L.  S. 
Rowe,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  who  was  appointed  on  the 
committee  from  the  United  States  by  the  officials  in  Chile  having 
charge  of  the  Congress. 

LATIN    AMERICA    AT    PHILADELPHIA. 

On  March  20  an  important  meeting  was  held  in  Philadelphia, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science,  which  was  attended  by  a  number  of  the  Latin  American 
Diplomatic  Representatives,  and  presided  over  by  the  Director  of  the 
International  Bureau.  The  principal  feature  of  the  occasion  was  an 
interesting  and  exhaustive  address  by  Prof.  L.  S.  Rowe,  who  is  labor-  • 
ing  so  faithfully  and  successfully  to  develop  closer  relations,  especially 
along  intellectual  and  educational  lines,  between  the  United  States 
and  her  sister  Republics. 

A    new    magazine    for   LATIN    AMERICA. 

The  management  of  '^The  World  To-Day,  *'  one  of  the  leading  maga- 
zines of  this  country,  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  its  plan  for  publish- 
ing a  Spanish  edition  under  the  title  of  '^  El  Mundo  de  Hoy/^  which  is 
intended  to  have  a  large  circulation  throughout  Latin  American  coun- 
tries. The  Bureau  is  informed  that  the  editors  are  making  very 
careful  preparations,  so  that  this  step  on  their  part  may  not  meet 
with  failure,  as  have  many  similar  efforts  which  have  not  been  prop* 
erly  considered.  The  great  trouble  in  the  past  has  been  either  that 
the  company  publishing  the  magazine  had  insufficient  experience  or 
capital,  or  that  it  did  not  understand  the  temper  of  the  Latin  Ameri- 
can people  and  just  what  they  wanted  in  a  publication  of  this  kind* 
If  the  programme  of  "The  World  To-Day."  as  announced  in  their 
prospectus,  is  carried  out,  the  promoters  should  be  gratified  by  its 
success. 


CREELMAN\s    STORY    OF   PRESIDENT    DIAZ. 

Among  the  many  articles  that  have  been  written  about  Genera? 
Diaz,  President  of  Mexico,  that  of  James  Creelman,  in  the  March 
issue  of  *' Pearson's  Magazine,''  stands  out  prominently  as  perhaps  the 

83228— Bull.  3—08 2 


492      INTERNATIONAL* BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

best  short  storj^  that  has  been  told  by  competent  authority  regarding 
this  great  statesman.  It  is  a  word  picture  of  Mexico's  Chief  Execu- 
tive, wliich  enables  the  reader  to  readily  understand  the  man  and 
appreciate  what  he  has  done  for  his  country. 

Mr.  Creelman  has  enjoyed  such  a  rare  experience  in  interviewing 
distingaished  world  characters,  and  in  portraying  their  qualities,  so 
that  the  worid  may  personally  feel  acquainted  with  them,  that  what 
he  writes  of  General  Diaz  has  a  rare  value.  His  estimate  of  Diaz' 
work  as  a  nation  builder  and  the  position  that  he  should  occupy  in 
history,  together  with  his  detailed  analysis  of  his  personaUty, 
impresses  the  reader  as  both  a  truthful  and  perfectly  told  stor^'. 


farewell  banquet  to  senor  pulido. 

Before  returning  to  his  country  Senor  Don  Augusto  F.  Pulido,  for 
many  years  in  the  diplomatic  service  of  Venezuela  at  Washington, 
was  the  object  of  a  gratifying  demonstration  on  the  part  of  the 
members  of  the  Metropolitan  Club,  of  that  city,  whose  members 
are  prominent  in  the  social,  diplomatic,  banking,  and  political  life  of 
the  capital. 

At  a  parting  banquet  given  in  his  honor,  Sefior  Pulido  was  pre- 
sented with  a  beautiful  loving  cup,  appropriately  inscribed  and  bear- 
ing facsimiles  of  the  signatures  of  the  eighty  members  of  the  club 
contributing  to  the  manifestation  of  esteem. 


circular   tour   of   south   AMERICA. 

An  evidence  of  the  growth  of  interest  among  travelers  in  the  journey 
to  and  around  South  America  is  a  circular  just  issued  by  Busk  and 
Jevons,  general  agents  of  the  Lamport  and  Holt  Steamship  Line, 
entitled  ^'Special  Circular  Tour  of  South  America;  New  York  to 
Bahia,  Bahia  to  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Santos,  Santos  to 
Montevideo,  Montevideo  to  Buenos  Aires,  Buenos  Aires  across  the 
Andes  by  Rail  to  Valparaiso,  Valparaiso  by  Steamer  to  Panama, 
Across  the  Isthmus  to  Colon,  then  to  New  York,  or  vice  versa." 

It  is  announced  that  this  long  trip  can  be  made  for  the  com- 
paratively small  sum  of  $475,  including  meals  and  berths  on  steamers 
and  first-class  railway  travel  on  shore.  The  Bulletin  in  its  last 
issue  published  photographs  of  one  of  the  new  steamers  of  this  line, 
which  provide  sailings  once  a  month  to  Montevideo  and  Buenos  Aires 
by  the  way  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  They  make  the  trip  to  Rio  in  eighteen 
days  and  to  Buenos  Aires  in  twenty-six  days. 


INTERNATIOXAL    BUREAU    OF   THE    AMERICAN    REBUBLICS.       493 
SOUTH    AMERICAN    COMMERCIAL   ROUTES. 

In  a  recent  issue  of  ''Dun^s  Review''  there  is  published  a  very 
interesting  paper  on  the  trade  routes  of  South  America  as  supplied 
by  inland  waterways  in  connection  with  railway  lines  prepared  by 
Prof.  J.  Russell  Smith.  In  view  of  the  many  inquiries  that  are 
pouring  into  this  Bureau  in  regard  to  this  subject,  extracts  from  his 
article  are  reproduced  in  this  nuitiber  of  the  Bulletin. 


ARGENTINE    PROGRESS    IN    1907. 

Oilicial  reports  arriving  from  the  Argentine  Republic  covering  the 
year  1907,  indicate  a  continuation  of  the  prosperous  conditions 
throughout  the  country  noted  for  1906.  The  figures  of  foreign  com- 
merce show  an  increased  valuation  of  nearly  $20,000,000  and  a  bal- 
ance of  trade  in  favor  of  the  Republic  of  more  than  $10,000,000. 
Immigration  statistics  report  329,122  arrivals;  banking  conditions 
show  an  improvement  over  those  of  June  30,  1907,  the  bal^,nce  sheet 
of  the  Bank  of  the  Argentine  Nation  indicating  a  particularly  satis- 
factory status.  The  bank  has  at  present  104  branch  offices  through- 
out the  country,  \vith  a  prospect  of  increasing  the  number  in  the 
present  year.  In  the  capital,  building  operations  for  the  year  cover 
a  valuation  of  $79,033,833  paper  (  =  $0.44),  an  increase  of  over  $20,- 
000,000  as  compared  with  1906,  and  customs  receipts  at  Buenos 
Aires  advanced  $943,882  gold.  Record  crops  of  wheat  and  linseed 
are  reported  to  offset  the  comparative  shortness  of  the  maize  produc- 
tion, and  adequate  preparations  have  been  made  by  the  railroads  for 
handling  them. 


BOLIVIAN   TRADE   AND    INDUSTRIES. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  discrepancy  noted  in  this  issue  of  the 
Bulletin  between  the  BoUvian  and  United  States  figures  published 
in  regard  to  the  trade  between  the  two  countries.  Thus,  on  the 
United  States  export  list  for  1907,  Bolivia  figures  for  only  $1,502,622, 
whereas  consular  reports  for  shipments  from  New  York  and  San  Fran- 
cisco record  a  valuation  of  $2,852,460.  The  explanation  is  doubtless 
found  in  the  fact  that  much  of  the  merchandise  destined  ultimately 
for  Bolivia  is  shipped  via  Chilean,  Peruvian,  and  Brazilian  ports 

A  valuable  report  issued  by  the  Department  of  Colonization  and 
Agriculture,  in  August,  1907,  has  formed  the  basis  of  much  infor- 
mative data  concerning  the  Republic  as  translated  for  present 
publication. 


494     INTEBNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMEBIOAN   BEPUBLICS. 
TARIFF   PROTECTION   FOR   INDUSTRIAL   PROPERTIES    IN    BRAZIL. 

In  connection  with  the  proposed  revision  of  the  customs  tariflF  of 
Brazil,  an  official  list  of  the  manufacturing  industries  in  operation 
throughout  the  Republic  has  been  prepared  as  a  basis  for  arranging 
a  protective  schedule  of  rates.  The  total  amoimt  of  capital  invested 
in  manufacturing  plants  is  given  as  $163,349,000,  representing  the 
interests  of  2,397  establishments.  Textile  production  is  increasing  at 
a  rapid  rate,  which  fact  explains  the  decline  noted  in  receipts  from 
various  exporting  countries,  and  the  commercial  value  of  the  new 
perini  fiber  is  receiving  governmental  exploitation  with  the  view  of 
introducing  a  rival  to  cotton  in  Brazilian  trade. 

Coffee  growing  and  exports  under  the  new  system  of  valorization 
show  advancing  trade  values,  an  ii^crease  of  over  $100,000,000,  and 
more  than  1,000,000  bags  being  reported  for  1907,  as  compared  with 
the  preceding  year.  Brazilian  coffee  is  represented  in  United  States 
consumption  for  the  year  by  77.34  per  cent,  or  727,187,465  pounds, 
out  of  a  total  of  940,247,312  pounds  consumed. 


COMMUNICATION   DEVELOPMENT    IN   CHILE. 

The  important  branch  of  public  communication  is  receiving  gov- 
ernmental attention  in  Chile  as  is  indicated  by  the  decree  promulgated 
in  January,  1908,  providing  for  the  construction  of  the  Longitudinal 
Railway  at  a  cost  of  $37,000,000,  and  the  appropriation  of  $15,500,000 
for  Government  Unes  during  the  year.  On  July  1,  1907,  of  the 
927,639  kilometers  of  railroads  projected  by  the  national  authorities, 
707,233  kilometers  were  under  survey  by  the  Bureau  of  Public  Works. 
In  same  ratio,  the  growth  of  the  merchant  marine  service  is  being 
fostered,  and  at  present,  Brazil  alone,  among  the  countries  of  South 
America  exceeds  the  tonnage  reported  for  Chilean  ships,  which 
aggregates  156,316  tons. 


IMPORTANT   TREATY    BETWEEN    COLOMBIA   AND    ECUADOR. 

The  signing  of  a  treaty  of  amity,  commerce  and  navigation  by  the 
Governments  of  Colombia  and  Ecuador,  and  the  exchange  of  ratifi- 
cations thereof  on"  Octoberj  24,  1907,  mark  an  important  era  in  the 
development  of  both  RepubUcs.  The  Colombian  colony  in  Ecuador 
numbers  more  than  40,000,  and  the  treaty  in  reference  covers  all 
questions  of  international  law  that  might  arise  between  countries  so 
closely  allied  by  natural  ties. 


INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.  495 
COSTA  RICA^S  REPORT  ON  THE  CENTRAL  AMERICAN  PEACE  CONFERENCE. 

The  approval  and  ratification  by  the  Costa  Rican  Government  of 
the  various  treaties  and  conventions  signed  at  the  Central  American 
Peace  Conference  held  during  the  closing  month  of  1907,  at  Wash- 
ington, renders  of  peculiar  value  the  statement  presented  to  the 
National  Congress  by  Sefior  Don  Luis  Anderson,  Secretary  df  Foreign 
AflFairs  of  the  Republic  and  President  of  the  Conference.  The  state- 
ment is  reproduced  as  of  value  and  pertinence. 


CUBAN  REVENUES  AND  DEVELOPMENT.       > 

Cuban  revenues  collected  during  1907  amounted  to  $29,118,827, 
received  mainly  at  the  port  of  Havana.  This  statement  is  of  interest 
in  connection  with  the  recently  promulgated  plan  for  the  paving  and 
sewering  of  the  city  of  Havana,  the  cost  of  which  is  to  be  met  by  10 
per  cent  of  the  customs  revenues  of  that  port.  Six  years  will  be 
required  to  complete  the  work,  and  it  is  calculated  that  10  per  cent 
of  the  receipts  during  the  period  will  aggregate  $12,000,000.  Various 
modifications  of  the  customs  tariff  of  the  RepubUc  became  effective 
on  February  28,  1908,  covering  mainly  machinery  and  apparatus 
for  the  sugar  and  kindred  industries. 


TRADE    AND   INTERNAL   CONDITIONS   OF   ECUADOR. 

The  value  of  the  native  products  of  Ecuador,  such  as  cacao,  rubber, 
hats,  etc.,  increased  in  the  worid^s  markets,  during  1907,  with  advantage 
to  commercial  conditions,  and  the  advance  of  the  Puerto  Bolivar  and 
Machala  Railway  into  the  cacao  districts  has  rendered  the  transport 
of  the  article  to  the  seaport  more  easy.  The  Guayaquil  and  Quito 
Railway,  whose  contract  with  the  Government  is  under  discussion  by 
an  arbitral  board,  has  been  made  the  subject  of  an  executive  decree, 
whereby  the  payment  of  the  semiannual  coupons  dated  January  2, 
July  2,  1908,  and  January  2,  1909,  is  to  be  met  by  a  new  bond  issue, 
the  funds  for  which  are  guaranteed  by  the  salt  revenues  of  the  Repub- 
lic. This  article  was  shipped  profitably  during  1906-7  to  Colombian 
ports. 

FRENCH    REPORT   ON    GUATEMALAN    CONDITIONS. 

The  report  of  the  French  Charg^  d*Affaires  in  Guatemala  covering 
conditions  in  Guatemala,  although  having  reference  to  no  later  period 
than  1906,  contains,  however,  the  latest  details  available  as  to  t\NA 


496     INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

commercial  relations  between  that  Republic  and  the  various  countries 
of  the  world.  It  is  therefore  reproduced  in  a  translated  form,  almost 
in  entirety.  It  is  shown  that  while  the  United  States  supplies  the 
half  of  Guatemalan  imports,  Germany  far  outranks  her  as  a  receiver  of 
products  from  that  country.  The  figures  differ  somewhat  from  those 
published  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Statistics  which  records  an 
important  increase  in  1907  of  imports  from  Guatemala. 


BffEXICAN   FINANCIAL   CONDITIONS. 

The  reported  status  of  the  34  legally  chartered  banks  of  Mexico 
at  the  close  of  the  year  1907  is  most  satisfactory,  and  it  would  seem 
that  the  financial  crisis  prevailing  throughout  the  year  did  not  affect 
them  materially.  Minister  Limantour's  recently  issued  document 
concerning  Mexican  finances  has  attracted  widespread  attention,  and 
the  closing  of  the  railroad  merger  negotiations  between  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  4  international  banks  of  New  York  City  in  connection 
with  two  London  firms  will  have  an  important  bearing  upon  the  situa- 
tion. Increased  revenues  from  customs  are  reported  for  the  latest 
period  covered — seven  months  of  1907-8,  while  over  $14,000,000 
represents  the  increased  trade  values  during  the  first  five  months  of 
the  present  fiscal  year  as  compared  with  the  corresponding  period  of 
1906-7.  Consular  statements  on  various  native  industries  also  in- 
dicate a  favorable  economic  outlook,  while  figures  covering  trade 
conditions  in  the  first  half  of  1907-8  indicate  an  export  increase  over 
the  preceding  year  of  $4,800,000,  and  a  $7,600,000  advance  in  imports. 


CONCESSIONS  AND  IMPROVEMENTS  IN  NICARAGUA. 

An  increase  in  the  issue  of  exportation  bonds  to  meet  the  service 
of  the  foreign  debt  has  been  decreed  by  the  President  of  Nicaragua, 
the  original  sum  fixed  having  been  $75,000,  which  is  now  advanced 
to  $400,000.  The  obligations  of  the  debt  were  punctually  met  during 
1907,  and  the  general  improvements  inaugurated  through  concessions 
for  the  exploitation  of  natural  products  indicate  a  continuance  of 
satisfactory  conditions  in  the  present  year.  A  railroad  contract  has 
been  entered  into  for  the  construction  of  a  line  from  San  Juan  del  Sur 
on  the  Pacific  coast  into  the  interior;  the  bar  of  the  Rio  Grande  is 
to  be  dredged  and  navigation  facilities  improved,  while  concessions 
for  mineral  and  gutta-percha  exploitation  have  been  made  whereby 
the  Government  receipts  will  be  greatly  augmented. 


INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF   THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICiJ.       497 

Panama's  foreign  trade  in  1907. 

The  total  foreign  trade  of  the  RepubUc  of  Panama,  during  1907, 
aggregated  $19,165,648.69,  according  to  the  Treasury  report  of  the 
Government.  On  the  import  Hst  the  United  States  figures  for 
$5,196,964.38  out  of  a  total  of  $17,204,983.77,  exclusive  of  $7,640,- 
533.86  credited  to  imports  into  the  Canal  Zone  from  New  York  with- 
out payment  of  duties.  United  States  statistics  record  shipments  to 
Panama  valued  at  $18,665,323  during  the  year.  Total  exports  were 
valued  at  $1,960,664.92,  the  recorded  increase  being  $842,643.92. 
The  United  States  is  practically  the  sole  recipient  of  Panama  products. 


EDUCATIONAL  STIMULUS  TO  INTERNATIONAL  INTERCOURSE. 

That  the  propaganda  instituted  by  United  States  Consul  Kellogg 
at  Colon  for  advancing  the  knowledge  of  the  inhabitants  of  Panama 
concerning  the  country  he  represents,  is  being  attended  with  good 
results,  is  shown  by  the  photograph  reproduced  in  this  issue  of  the 
Bulletin,  of  the  winners  of  the  prizes  offered  by  him  in  the  native 
schools  for  the  best  essay  on  the  United  States.  Consul  Kellogg 
reports  that  this  competition  has  given  a  great  stimulus  to  the  study 
of  English  and  of  United  States  institutions,  and  regards  this  knowl- 
edge as  the  only  true  foundation  upon  which  to  build  up  social  and 
commercial  relations  between  the  countries  interested. 


INCREASED  CUSTOMS  REVENUES  AND  RAILWAY  DEVELOPMENT  IN  PERU. 

Mollendo,  the  second  port  of  entry  for  Peru,  records  a  continually 
ascending  scale  of  customs  receipts  for  the  past  four  years,  having 
advanced  from  $675,000  in  1904,  to  nearly  $900,000  in  1907,  while 
Callao,  for  the  first  half  of  the  year  is  credited  with  over  $1,500,000, 
an  estimated  total  for  the  whole  of  more  than  $3,000,000.  Mr. 
Charles  M.  Pepper,  in  a  valuable  report  on  railway  construction 
in  the  RepubUc,  states  that  the  Peruvian  treasury  has  husbanded 
its  resources  for  railway  building  with  great  prudence,  and  that 
ample  provision  has  been  made  for  meeting  all  obligations  incurred 
in  completing  the  extensions  both  under  construction  and  authorized 
by  Congress. 


SALVADOR  S    COMMERCE    AND   RESOURCES. 

The  total  value  of  exports  from  Salvador  is  reported  as  approx- 
imately $6,000,000  for  the  first  nine  months  in  1907,  the  United 
States  taking  $1,592,473  as  her  year's  receipts  from  that  source. 
Salvadorian  figures  would  seem  to  indicate  a  larger  shipment  for  the 


498      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

entire  year  to  the  United  States  as  the  record  for  nine  months  places 
exports  thither  at  over  $2,000,000. 

The  telegraph  and  telephone  service  of  the  country  is  credited 
with,  an  increased  revenue  during  the  year  of  over  $1,000  while  an 
important  paper  furnished  by  the  Salvadorian  consul  at  New  York, 
Mr.  Ernest  Schernikow,  indicates  the  flourishing  condition  of  the 
mineral  industry  and  the  splendid  results  secured  in  recent  years. 


Uruguay's  finances  and  economic  progress. 

A  treasury  surplus  of  over  $2,000,000  is  reported  for  the  Uruguayan 
Republic  for  the  fiscal  year  1907,  while  the  revenues  for  the  year  show 
an  increase  of  nearly  $6,000,000  over  1906.  While  the  customs 
receipts  for  the  calendar  year  do  not  indicate  so  great  an  increase 
as  was  recorded  in  the  two  preceding,  the  total  forms  a  record  since 
1894,  being  in  excess  of  $13,000,000.  The  debt  service  of  the  coimtry 
was  promptly  met  throughout  the  year. 


NEW   TARIFF   LAW   IN    VENEZUELA. 


Coincident  wdth  its  promulgation  in  the  ^^Gaceta  OficiaV^  of  the 
Republic,  on  January  13,  1908,  a  new  tariff  law  embodying  previously 
enacted  modifications  of  the  old  rates  became  effective  in  Venezuela. 


APPROVAL  OF  THE  CONVENTIONS  OF  THE  CEN- 
TRAL  AMERICAN  PEACE  CONFERENCE. 

The  approval  by  the  various  legislative  bodies  of  the  Central 
American  Governments  of  the  conventions  agreed  upon  at  the  Peace 
Conference  held  in  Washington  in  December,  1907,  has  been  reported 
to  the  Department  of  State  of  the  United  States  imder  the  following 
dates:  Nicaragua,  February  15, 1908;  Costa  Rica,  February  25,  1908 
Salvador,  February  27,  1908;  Honduras,  March  3,  1908,  and  Guate- 
mala, March  13,  1908. 


WORK  OF  THE  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  OF 
MANUFACTURERS. 

The  National  Association  of  Manufacturers  of  the  United  States 
of  America  in  making  a  statement  to  the  International  Bureau  of 
American  Republics  as  to  the  scope  of  its  work,  reports  that  of  the 
25,000  Jetters  and  documents  translated  by  the  association  during 


ASSOCIATION    OF    COSMOPOLITAN    CLUBS.  499 

the  course  of  a  year,  about  two-fifths  or  10,000  are  Spanish  either  in 
original  or  translation. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  7,000  reports  distributed  annually  on 
foreign  business  houses  relate  to  firms  in  Latin-American  countries, 
while  international  commerce,  in  all  its  branches  is  furthered  through 
an  extensive  correspondence  with  all  quarters  of  the  globe. 

An  efficient  means  of  helping  all  classes  of  business  tiaen  is  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  ''American  Trade  Index,*'  of  which  an  annual  edi- 
tion of  12,000  copies  is  issued,  8,000  being  for  distribution  abroad. 


ASSOCIATION  OF  COSMOPOLITAN  CLUBS. 

The  University  of  Wisconsin  as  the  seat  of  the  executive  chapter 
of  the  Association  of  Cosmopolitan  Clubs,  has  entered  into  commu- 
nication with  over  20  large  colleges  in  the  United  States  for  the  pur- 
pose of  arousing  a  more  widely  diffused  interest  in  the  organization. 

The  movement  is  designed  to  organize  cosmopolitan  clubs  in  all 
colleges  of  all  coimtries  where  there  are  foreign  students  to  form  the 
nucleus  of  such  a  club  and  to  affiliate  with  the  association  clubs  of 
cosmopolitan  character  already  formed,  to  cultivate  the  arts  of  peace 
and  to  establish  strong  international  friendships. 

The  first  club  of  the  kind  was  organized  at  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan in  1903  through  the  initiative  of  18  foreign  students,  since  which 
time  its  membership  has  growTi  to  80,  and  its  influence  has  been 
exerted  in  the  permanent  establishment  of  the  organization  as  a 
force  in  student  Hfe. 

In  conjimction  ^^nth  the  7  other  universities  associated  in  the 
movement,  the  Wisconsin  University  held  its  first  annual  convention 
in  December,  1907,  when  a  general  propaganda  was  decided  upon 
for  the  establishment  of  closer  relations  between  clubs  in  all  countries 
through  a  useful  correspondence  and  an  exchange  of  publications. 

Communication  has  already  been  opened  on  the  subject  with  the 
universities  of  Canada,  with  Oxford  in  England,  Bonn  and  Berlin 
in  Germany,  and  the  University  of  Paris,  as  well  as  the  leading  col- 
leges and  universities  of  the  United  States.  There  are  cosmopolitan 
clubs  in  existence  now  in  Europe  and  in  South  America,  the  affilia- 
tion of  which  with  the  Association  of  Cosmopolitan  Clubs  would  give 
a  great  impetus  to  the  cause  of  international  amity,  the  ultimate 
result  of  which  would  probably  be  the  holding  of  continental  conven- 
tions in  different  sections  of  the  world. 


500     INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


YALE  COURSES  ON  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

The  University  of  Yale,  located  at  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  has 
furnished  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  with 
an  interesting  statement  concerning  the  various  courses  at  Yale 
touching  directly  or  indirectly  on  South  American  affairs. 

It  is  regarded  as  highly  desirable,  not  only  from  the  standpoint  of 
South  American  students,  but  frOm  that  of  North  Americans  also, 
that  a  group  of  Latin  Americans  be  added  to  the  foreign  life  of  the 
University.  It  has  recently  acquired  by  gift  two  very  importaijt 
libraries  on  South  American  subjects — the  Wagner  and  the  Bingham 
collection — while  the  Hispanic  Museum  in  New  York  City  has  offered 
the  advanced  students  the  privileges  of  its  library  and  coUection. 
The  Hispanic  Club  at  Yale  discusses  South  American  history,  trade, 
literature  and  kindred  topics  at  its  meetings,  while  lectures  are 
delivered  throughout  the  year  by  representative  scholars  on  Hispanic 
subjects. 

The  most  important  courses  offered  on  the  subjects  in  refereDoe 
are  grouped  as  follows: 

Spanish  elementary  course:  Spanish  prose  of  the  s^teenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries;  general  view  of  Spanish  literature;  beginnings 
of  Spanish  literature;  old  Portuguese  literature;  elementary  course 
in  Portuguese  in  the  school  for  commercial  and  consular  service; 
reading  and  composition  in  Spanish;  Spanish  drama  in  the  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  centuries;  elementary  and  advanced  Spanish  for 
scientific  school  students.  Spanish  American  history:  History  of 
South  America  and  the  geography  of  South  America — a  course  on 
the  regional  geography  of  South  America. 

In  some  of  the  classes  the  number  of  students  is  as  high  as  120. 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  are  certain  courses  which  deal 
largely  but  not  mainly  with  South  American  matters,  covering  early 
American  history  and  Spanish  colonies,  colonization  and  anthro- 
pology, geology,  commercial  geography  and  Roman  law. 

A  letter  has  been  issued  in  Spanish  and  Portuguese  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  University  outlining  the  policy  and  purposes  of  the  Faculty 
in  this  connection. 


A    CHAPTER   FROM   EARLIER  PAN-AMERICAN 

HISTORY. 

The  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  was  created 
on  March  29,  1890.  On  that  date  the  International  American  Con- 
ference adopted  a  resolution  to  est;g^blish  an  American  International 
Bureau  for  the  collection  of  information  as  to  the  production  and 


A    CHAPTER    FROM    EARLIER    PAN-AMERICAN    HISTORY.        501 

commerce,  the  customs,  laws,  and  regulations,  of  the  countries 
forming  the  conference.  This  Bureau  was  to  be  called  the  Com- 
mercial Bureau  of  the  American  Republics,  and  it  was  to  be  the 
official  organ  of  an  association  entitled  the  International  Union  of 
American  Republics. 

During  the  eighteen  subsequent  years  there  has  been  a  steady 
growth  in  usefulness  and  activity.  The  second  Pan-American  con- 
ference at  Mexico  City,  in  1901,  and  again  the  Third  Conference  at 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  in  1906,  enlarged  its  scope  and  sphere.  It  was 
enthusiasm  among  the  Latin-Americans  and  encouragement  from 
Hon.  Elihu  Root,  present  Secretary  of  State,  which  enlarged  its 
purpose  beyond  a  commercial  Bureau  solely.  These  are  well-known 
facts.  But  the  earlier  history  of  the  conference,  and  especially  the 
part  played  in  it  by  certain  Members  of  Congress,  have  been  obscured. 
•The  facts  are  hidden  in  the  reports  of  the  conference  and  in  the  files 
of  the  '* Congressional  Record,"  yet  as  the  anniversary  approaches, 
it  is  only  just  to  bring  the  facts  to  light,  and  to  pay  a  worthy  respect 
to  those  who  have  shown  themselves  friends  of  the  Bureau. 

Senator  Frye,  of  Maine,  on  December  13,  1887,  introduced  in  the 
Senate  a  bill.  No.  623,  to  promote  the  political  progress  and  com- 
mercial prosperity  of  the  American  nations.  This  had  been  preceded 
the  day  before,  i.  e.,  on  December  12,  1887,  by  a  bill.  No.  343,  intro- 
duced by  Senator  Sherman  of  Ohio;  but  Senator  Frye's  bill  was  the 
one  selected  to  be  reported  back,  with  amendments,  from  the  Com- 
mittee on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Mr.  McCreary,  at  that  time  Member  of  Congress  but  now  Senator 
from  Kentucky,  on  January  4,  1888.  introduced  in  the  House  a  bill, 
No.  1473,  authorizing  the  President  to  arrange  a  conference  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting  arbitration  and  encouraging  reciprocal  com- 
mercial relations  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republics  of 
Mexico,  Central,  and  South  America,  and  the  Empire  of  Brazil.  The 
bill  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and  reported 
back  favorably. 

This  occurred  during  the  first  session  of  the  Fiftieth  Congress.  The 
feeling  had  been  at  first  hostile  or  indifferent  toward  such  action, 
but  Mr.  McCreary  made  a  strong  speech  advocating  the  measure. 
He  showed  himself  fully  conversant  with  his  subject;  he  quoted  facts 
and  figures  to  arouse  his  listeners  and  opponents  to  the  opportunity 
they  were  allowing  to  slip  away,  and  he  made  himself  the  champion 
of  the  Pan-American  cause.  Senator  Frye,  on  his  side,  was  no  less 
active.  He  had,  in  the  previous  Congress,  introduced  and  carried 
through  the  Senate  a  bill  authorizing  the  President  to  invite  delegates 
from  the  Republics  of  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America,  Haiti, 
Santo  Domingo,  and  from  the  Empire  of  Brazil,  but  this  bill  had  died 
as  it  reached  the  House.  Mr.  McCreary  too  had  made  an  earlier 
effort,  in   1886,  to  accomplish  the  same  end,  but  without  success. 


602      INTEBNATIONAIi  BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

Both  were  determined  this  time,  however,  not  to  be  defeated. 
Their  combined  efforts  were  devoted  to  what  had  now  become  a  bill 
in  conference.  Several  unfavorable  reports  were  made.  Some 
clauses  were  thrown  out,  others  were  inserted  by  one  side  only  to 
be  rejected  by  the  other.  The  conference  was  to  be  a  love  feast,  its 
enemies  said;  enthusiasts  for  theories  wished  to  unload  upon  it  the 
stamp  of  their  Utopia.  At  one  time  a  question  arose  as  to  the  con- 
stitutionality of  the  bill.  This  point  was  carefully  debated.  Senator 
Fbye  would  not  let  it  proceed  further  until  the  constitutionality  of 
the  measure  had  been  decided,  because,  as  he  said,  he  did  not  want 
a  bill  so  well  calculated  to  immensely  promote  the  interests  of  the 
countries  taking  part  in  it,  to  go  to  the  President  with  one  unbaptized 
spot  upon  it.  The  Senate  finally  acknowledged  its  constitutionality. 
The  conferees  agreed  to  it.  Then  friends  slowly  rallied  round  the 
measure.  Senator  Fbye  and  Mr.  McCbeaby  persevered  with  their 
amended  bill,  and  it  finally  passed  both  Houses  on  May  10,  1888. 

On  May  28,  1888,  the  act  became  law.  Seventy-five  thousand 
dollars  was  thereby  appropriated  for  expenses.  Thanks  to  these  two 
champions  in  Congress,  and  to  the  friendship  of  Mr.  Blaine,  later 
Secretary  of  State,  no  time  was  lost  in  moving  according  to  the  spirit 
of  the  bill.  Invitations  were  issued  and  acceptances  received.  The 
first  formal  meeting  of  the  conference  was  held  on  October  2,  1889, 
during  the  Presidency  of  Benjamin  Habbison,  with  Secretary  of 
State  James  G.  Blaine  the  presiding  oflScer. 

Soon  after  organization  the  members  of  the  conference  became  the 
guests  of  the  nation  in  a  tour  to  the  larger  cities  of  the  countr}-.'  In 
New  York,  after  enjoying  the  hospitality  of  the  city,  the  visit  was 
closed  by  a  banquet  given  by  the  Spanish-American  Commercial 
Union.  Here  Mr.  Elihu  Root  made  a  speech  in  reply  to  the  toast 
^'International  Justice,''  in  which  he  foreshadowed  conferences  yet 
to  come.  Here  was  first  noticed  a  lack  of  any  place  where  tnist- 
worthy  information  about  the  Americas  could  be  obtained,  and  it  is 
probable  that  at  this  time  the  idea  awoke  in  some  one's  mind  to  pro- 
pose later  the  establishment  of  a  commercial  bureau. 

At  this  banquet  one  change  had  already  been  recognized.  The 
conference  had  begun  as  a  meeting  of  nations,  but  the  revolution  of 
November  15,  1889,  had  abolished  the  Empire  of  Brazil.  The  con- 
ference therefore  entered  its  real  work  as  one  without  distinction  in 
governmental  character,  and  was  adjourned,  as  an  International 
Conference  of  American  Republics,  on  April  19,  1890. 

The  Fifty-first  Congress  of  the  United  States  passed  an  act,  ap- 
proved July  14,  1890,  authorizing  the  President  to  carry  into  effect 
the  recommendations  of  the  conference,  and  it  appropriated  $36,000 
for  the  organization  and  establishment  of  the  Bureau.  On  August 
26,  1890,  Mr.  William  E.  Curtis  was  appointed  Director,  and  the 
Arst  report  was  made  under  his  direction. 


INTERNATIONAL    BUREAU    OF   THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS.       503 

THE  UNITED  STATES  FLEET  FROM  VALPARAISO 

TO  CALLAO. 

The  United  States  fleet  under  command  of  Rear-Admiral  Robley 
D.  Evans,  after  passing  in  front  of  the  port  of  Valparaiso,  Chile, 
where  it  was  reviewed,  February  14,  by  President  Montt,  accompa- 
nied by  his  Cabinet  and  other  distinguished  citizens,  on  board  the 
Chilean  warship  Baquedano,  proceeded  on  its  way  to  Callao. 

President  Montt  immediately  after  the  review  sent  the  following 
telegram  to  President  Roosevelt: 

**  Valparaiso,  February  I4,  1908. 
"  President  Roosevelt, 

*'  ^dshington: 
'\  have  just  witnessed  the  passage  in  line  of  the  powerful  squad- 
ron which,  in  command  of  Admiral  Evans,  carries  the  American  flag 
on  the  Pacific,  and  have  been  given  the  opportunity  to  view  and 
admire  one  of  the  most  splendid  of  the  manifestations  achieved  in 
every  field  by  the  United  States  of  America.  The  salute  this  day 
given  to  our  flag  signifies  a  demonstration  of  cordial  friendship  for 
the  Chilean  people,  which  1  thankfully  acknowledge  and  reciprocate 
in  its  name,  earnestly  desiring  the  constant  prosperity  of  the  United 
States  and  the  happiness  of  its  illustrious  President. 

''Pedro  Montt.'' 

To  this  most  cordial  message  President  Roosevelt  replied : 

''Washington,  February  15 ^  1908. 
"Excmo.  Pedro  Montt, 

"  Fresidentej  Santiago: 
"1  appreciate  Your  Excellency's  friendly  message.  The  lively 
interest  of  the  Chilean  people  in  the  review  of  the  American  ships, 
and  the  exchange  of  naval  courtesies  are  regarded  by  my  country- 
men as  fresh  token  of  cordial  good  will  between  the  two  countries. 
I  oft'er  you  my  friendly  greetings  and  best  wishes  of  the  American 
people  for  the  welfare  of  Chile. 

"Theodore  Roosevelt." 

Six  days  later,  on  the  morning  of  February  20,  the  fleet  came  to 
anchor  in  the  harbor  of  Callao,  Peru.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
to  the  southward  it  had  been  joined  by  the  Peruvian  cruiser,  Coronel 
Bolognesi,  bearing  the  first  official  welcome  from  Peru.  In  holiday 
array  thousands  from  Callao  and  from  Lima  had  assembled  to  catch 
the  first  glimpse  of  the  leading  ship,  and  when  the  Bolognesi  entered 
the  harbor  heading  the  fleet  in  line  the  booming  of  salutes  was  not 


504      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

needed  to  announce  the  arrival  of  the  great  war  fleet.  The  enthu- 
siastic crowds  on  excursion  steamers,  on  the  docks,  and  back  on  the 
hills  overlooking  the  cit}^  sent  up  a  great  shout  of  welcome  to  the 
ships  and  men  from  the  sister  Republic  of  the  north. 

Admkal  Evans  with  the  fleet  remained  at  Callao  nine  days — until 
February  29.  During  this  time  every  attention  was  shown  by  the 
Peruvian  Government  and  the  people  of  Callao  and  Lima  to  the 
officers  and  men  of  the  fleet. 

On  February  21,  President  Pardo  received  the  officers  of  the  fleet, 
and  on  the  following  day,  the  anniversary  of  George  Washington's 
birth,  gave  them  a  banquet.  There  were  present,  in  addition  to 
about  250  American  officers,  a  number  of  distinguished  guests,  in- 
cluding the  American  Minister  to  Peru,  Hon.  Leslie  Ck)MBS,  and 
other  members  of  the  Diplomatic  Corps. 

On  the  23d,  President  Pardo  left  Lima  for  Callao  and  a  visit  to 
the  fleet.  He  was  received  by  Admiral  Evans  on  board  the  flagship 
Connecticuty  every  vessel  in  the  fleet  firing  a  national  salute  in  his 
honor. 

On  his  return  to  Lima  the  President  sent  the  following  telegram : 

''Lima,  February  2J^,  1908. 
''President  Roosevelt, 

"  Washington: 
"I  have  just  visited  the  flagship  Connecticut  and  reviewed  the 
whole  great  squadron  commanded  by  Admkal  Evans,  and  I  have 
the  satisfaction  of  expressing  to  Your  Excellency  my  admiration  for 
the  ineffable  condition  of  all  the  ships  and  for  the  enthusiasm  and 
energy  of  the  crews.  The  squadron  now  visiting  us  worthily  repre- 
sents the  power  and  greatness  of  the  United  States  and  its  men  are 
given  a  fraternal  reception  in  Peru. 

"Jose  Pardo, 
''President  ofPeruJ' 

To  this  message  of  good  will  President  Roosevelt  replied  as  follows: 

"Washington,  February  24,  1908. 
"His  Excellency  Jose  Pardo, 

''President  of  Peru,  Lima: 
"I  am  much  pleased  to  receive  your  telegram  to-day  and  I  highly 
appreciate  your  laudatory  comments  regarding  the  American  Fleet. 
The  enthusiastic  welcome  and  friendly  demoiastrations  at  Callao 
have  gratified  and  touched  the  American  people,  who  have  ever  had 
for  Peruvians  sentiments  of  sincere  esteem.  Accept  the  assurance 
of  high  consideration  and  warm  regard  from  me  and  from  my  people. 

"Theodore  Roosevelt, 
*' President  of  the  United  States  of  America.^' 


COMMERCIAL    ROUTES    OF    SOUTH    AMERICA.  505 

After  the  departure  of  the  fleet  on  February  29  from  Callao,  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt,  two  days  later,  sent  the  following  telegram: 

'^Washington,  March  2,  1908. 
''His  Excellency  Jose  Pardo, 

'^President  of  PerUy  Lima: 
"The  hearty  welcome  given  to  the  fleet,  followed  by  the  generous 
reception  and  entertainment  of  its  officers  and  men  on  shore,  and 
their  friendly  intercourse  and  exchange  of  compliments  with  the 
Peruvians,  have  afforded  sincere  gratification  and  pleasure  to  the 
American  Government  and  public.  In  leaving  the  hospitable  shores 
of  Peni,  the  fleet  will  carry  lasting  memories  of  the  kindnesses 
received.  Repeating  my  assurances  of  cordial  appreciation,  I  ask 
you  to  accept  my  good  wishes  for  your  personal  welfare  and  for  the 
prosperity  of  your  country. 

"Theodore  Roosevelt, 
''President  of  the  United  States:' 
The  fleet  entered  Ma^dalena  bay,  on  the  coast  of  Mexico,  early  on 
the  morning  of  March  12,  1908. 


COMMERCIAL  ROUTES  OF  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

A  consideration  of  the  trade  routes  of  South  America  as  supplied 
by  inland  waterways  in  connection  with  railway  lines  is  published  in 
the  issue  for  February  8,  1908,  of  "Dun's  Review, ''  and  is  a  valuable 
exposition  of  this  important  subject. 

Eliminating  from  examination  the  smaller  routes  traversed  by 
internal  commerce,  Prof.  J.  Russell  Smith  proceeds  to  a  discussion 
of  the  three  great  navigable  rivers  which  give  entrance  to  the  interior 
of  South  America  from  the  outside  world — the  Orinoco,  the  Amazon, 
and  the  La  Plata.  The  valleys  drained  by  these  rivers  are  equalled 
in  extent  and  fertility  in  the  temperate  zone  by  the  Mississippi,  the 
Yangtse  Kiang,  and  the  Danube  only.  Through  many  short  feeders, 
South  American  commerce  gravitates  by  these  main  routes  to  the 
ocean,  where  numerous  ports  are  required  as  a  final  outlet  for  inte- 
rior products. 

In  the  north,  the  Magdalena  River  resembles  in  its  service  a  tnmk- 
line  railway,  the  river  itself  being  the  trunk,  and  in  addition  to  its 
navigable  branches  it  numbers  several  short  lines  of  railway  among 
its  feeders.  The  river  mouth  is  choked  with  sand,  but  the  two  ports 
of  Cartagena  and  Savaniila  are  connected  by  short  railways  with 
their  river  ports,  of  which  Barranquilla,  on  the  Cartagena  Railway, 
is  the  most  important.  The  river  steamers  are  of  a  type  used  on 
the  Mississippi.     The  total  length  of  navigation  on  the  river  is  900 


506      INTEBNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

miles  and  on  the  branches  215  miles.  Rapids  at  La  Dorada,  592 
miles  from  Barranquilla,  make  it  necessary  to  use  a  railway  for  14 
miles,  after  which  boats  are  again  used.  The  lower  valley  is  a  green, 
almost  deserted  waste.  The  chief  centers  of  Colombian  population^ 
agriculture,  and  mining  are  on  the  interior  plateaus  drained  by  the 
Magdalena,  from  which  short  lines  of  railway  and  numerous  pack 
trails  make  connection  with  the  river  steamers. 

The  river  Atrato,  draining  a  deep  valley  to  the  west  of  the  Magda- 
lena, is  navigated  almost  to  its  source,  and  the  commerce  of  the  val- 
ley is  served  by  one  or  two  steamers  setting  out  from  Cartagena. 

The  center  of  the  Venezuelan  population  is  on  the  cool  plateau 
around  Caracas,  where  there  are  some  highways  and  several  short 
railways  united  into  a  system  reaching  the  seacoast  at  the  ports  of 
La  Guaira  and  Puerto  Cabello.  The  territory  served  by  these  ports 
is  of  comparatively  small  area,  and  is  limited  to  the  highlands  east  of 
Lake  Maracaibo  and  north  of  the  Orinoco  Valley,  but  it  is  the  most 
valuable  section  commercially.  The  longest  trade  route  of  Venezuela 
is  that  furnished  by  the  navigable  Orinoco,  although  the  commerce 
is  Ught.  Steamers  can  nm  up  the  river  for  1,000  miles,  and  occa- 
sionally small  ocean-going  vessels  ascend  to  Bolivar,  but  European 
and  American  goods  are  usually  transferred  to  local  vessels  at  Port 
of  Spain,  Trinidad. 

From  the  Orinoco  to  Bahia,  13  degrees  south,  there  is  a  succession 
of  ports,  each  the  outlet  for  small  coast  settlements.  Along  the 
whole  length  of  this  coast,  approximately  2,000  miles,  there  is  but 
one  route  to  the  interior — the  Amazon.  This  river  and  its  branches 
afford  a  magnificent  system  of  inland  waterways  running  through  a 
region  that  is  entirely  covered  with  forest.  The  principal  industry 
is  rubber  gathering,  although  some  Brazil  nuts  and  cocoa  are  shipped. 
The  increase  in  the  price  and  applications  of  rubber  has  brought  pros- 
perity to  the  Amazon  Valley;  its  3  ports — Para  at  the  mouth,  Manaos, 
1,000  miles  upstream,  and  Iquitos  in  eastern  Peru — are  busy  trade 
centers.  There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  steamer  service,  whicq 
now  traverses  several  of  the  more  important  branches  of  the  great 
river.  There  are  many  streams  of  the  Amazon  system  that  could  be 
made  navigable  by  the  use  of  so-called  snag  boats  such  as  are  con- 
stantly employed  in  pulling  obstructions  out  of  the  Mississippi 
River. 

Some  authorities  place  the  possible  navigation  of  the  Amazon 
Valley  at  15,000  miles,  but  the  part  at  present  navigated  is  far  below 
that.  Steamers  regularly  arriving  from  Europe  go  as  far  up  as 
Manaos,  and  the  Amazon  will  receive  the  commerce  of  a  considera- 
ble region  in  eastern  Bolivia  upon  the  completion  of  200  miles  of 
railway  now  building  to  connect  the  navigable  lower  Madeira  with 
its  Bolivian  branches  above  the  18  cataracts.     It  is  estimated  that 


COMMERCIAL    ROUTES    OF    80UTH    AMERICA.  507 

there  are  3,000  miles  of  navigaWe  rivers  in  the  Bolivian  plain  that 
at  present  are  almost  useless  because  of  the  separation  from  the 
Pacific  by  the  Andean  wall  and  from  the  Atlantic  by  the  Madeira 
faUs. 

Next  in  length  among  the  trade  routes  of  Brazil  is  that  from  Bahia 
to  the  upper  course  of  the  San  Francisco  River.  Bahia  is  the  center 
of  an  important  coast  district  and  the  terminus  of  a  railway  300  miles 
long  connecting  with  the  steamers  on  the  San  Francisco  above  the 
falls  that  break  its  lower  course  as  it  descends  from  the  plateau. 
This  inland  waterway  is  navigable  for  about  700  miles,  but  the  popu- 
lation and  commerce  of  the  valley  are  inconsiderable,  the  greater 
part  of  the  commerce  of  Bahia  having  its  origin  in  the  coast  districts. 

Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Santos  are  the  chief  ports  of  Brazil,  and  the 
ocean  termini  of  the  trade  routes  over  which  passes  Brazil's  leading 
export,  coffee.  The  coffee  district  occupies  a  broad  plateau  and  has 
a  railway  system  which  has  developed  into  something  of  a  network, 
with  outlets  at  the  two  ports.  These  roads  also  carry  the  Brazilian 
manganese  ore,  and  the  traffic  on  the  Santos  line  has  recently  made 
it  necessary  to  double  track  the  road  from  the  port  to  the  inland 
metropolis,  Sao  Paulo,  which  is  a  city  European  in  population  as 
well  as  in  appearance.  The  extremities  of  this  BraziUan  railway  * 
net  reach  by  devious  routes  points  as  far  from  the  terminal  ports  as 
Cleveland  and  Columbus,  Ohio,  are  from  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore. 

The  River  Plate  or  La  Plata  Valley  is  the  next  trade  route  of  im- 
portance on  the  east  coast.  Here,  one  of  the  great  rivers  of  the 
world  under  the  names  La  Plata  and  Paraguay  offers  an  open  route 
far  into  the  interior.  Ocean  steamers  ascend  in  large  numbers  to 
Rosario,  230  miles  above  Buenos  Aires.  Commodious  river  steamers 
ply  regularly  from  Buenos  Aires  to  the  ports  of  Paraguay.  From 
Asuncion  small  steamers  wind  through  the  swampy  forests  to  Cuyaba, 
680  miles  to  the  northwa^-d.  By  this  circuitous  route  the  Brazilian 
governors  go  out  to  their  post  at  Cuyaba,  the  capital  of  the  remote 
and  sparsely  peopled  State  of  Matto  Grosso,  which  is  larger  than 
Great  Britain  and  France.  Diamond  mines  and  cattle  ranches  are 
the  sources  of  the  commerce  of  this  district,  so  that  the  traffic  on  the 
upper  Paraguay  is  correspondingly  light.  From  Paraguay  to  the 
ports  of  the  Argentine  Republic  and  Uruguay  there  is  a  lively  traffic 
in  truck  and  subtropical  produce  sent  to  the  colder  lands  downstream. 

The  fertile  plain  of  the  Argentine  Republic  to  the  west  of  the  lower 
Parana  and  La  Plata  is  low,  healthful,  of  easy  access  to  the  sea, 
rich  in  sheep,  cattle,  wheat,  and  maize,  and  is  served  by  an  excellent 
networks  of  railways.  The  foci  of  these  lines  are  the  ports  of  Buenos 
Aires  and  Rosario.  To  the  west  of  longitude  64°  west,  the  rainfall 
is  insufficient  for  agriculture  and  the  network  of  railways  gives  place 
33228— Bull.  3—08 3 


508      INTEBNATIONAIi  BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

to  four  single  lines  going  directly  across  the  plains  to  the  irrigated 
districts  at  the  foot  of  the  Andes.  Two  of  these  roads  lead  to  the 
northwestern  province  of  Tucuman,  the  sugar  producer,  900  miles 
from  the  Atlantic  ports. 

A  third  railway  is  the  so-called  transcontinental  line,  that  is  to 
connect  the  capitals  of  Chile  and  the  Argentine  Republic.  The  line 
is  finished  with  the  exception  of  the  tunnel  necessary  to  the  final 
passage  of  the  Andes,  and  it  will  give  a  Pacific  outlet  to  the  im|>or- 
tant  fruit  and  wine  industries  of  Mendoza  and  San  Juan,  subtropical 
provinces  at  the  foot  of  the  Andes. 

The  wheat-growing  and  stock-raising  industries  are  extending  to 
the  south  and  southwest,  and  including  the  lands  of  Patagonia. 
Railway  extension  is  following  these  changes  and  the  new  southern 
port  of  Bahia  Blanca  is  steadily  increasing  in  importance.  Already 
it  is  the  center  of  several  lines  from  the  wheat  district  to  the  north 
and  there  is  a  prospect  of  the  early  completion  of  the  line  across  the 
plains  to  the  lake  district  in  the  southwest.  The  more  abundant 
rainfall  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Andes  south  of  40°  south  produces 
some  forests  and  excellent  pasture,  promising  good  traffic  for  railways. 
In  this  section  the  port  of  Punta  Arenas,  on  the  Straits  of  Magellan, 
has  risen  to  some  importance  of  late,  but  the  trade  is  largely  local, 
being  confined  to  the  products  of  sheep  ranches  and  some  gold  mines. 

The  continuation  of  the  Andes,  without  intermission  along  the 
western  Pacific  coast,  forms  at  present  an  effectual  barrier  to  ex- 
tended communication  on  the  land  side,  though  numerous  ocean 
ports  afford  outlets  for  shipment  abroad  of  national  products. 


CENTRAL  AMERICAN  COFFEE. 

An  estimate  of  the  output  of  coffee  by  the  various  Republics  of 
Central  America  for  the  year  1907-8  fixes  the  production  of  Guatemala 
at  600,000  quintals,  Nicaragua  137,000  quintals,  Salvador  500,000 
quintals,  and  of  Costa  Rica  at  160,000  bags. 

For  Nicaragua  a  decrease  of  34,500  quintals  is  thus  indicated, 
while  the  product  of  Guatemala  remains  practically  unchanged. 

The  follomng  table  gives  the  exportation  of  Central  America 
coffee  during  1906  as  noted  by  M.  Desire  Pector  in  Iiis  recent  work 
on  Central  ^Vmerica : 

Bag». 

Guatomalii 580. 000 

Salvador 550. 000 

Costa  Kica 249. 000 

Nicaragua 150. 000 

The  coffee  of  Central  America  is  considered  one  of  the  finest  varieties 
in  the  world.     In  proof  of  this  statement  it  is  only  necessary  to 


CENTRAL    AMERICAN    COFFEE.  509 

consider  the  prices  obtained  by  them  in  the  principal  markets  of  the 
world.  It  is  gathered  generally  from  October  to  March,  according 
to  the  altitude,  the  exportation  of  the  product  beginning  in  February 
and  lasting  until  October.  The  duties  on  coffee  imported  into  England 
are  34.80  francs  ($6.96)  per  100  kilos  and  136  francs  ($27.20)  in 
France. 

COSTA    RICA. 

In  Costa  Rica  coffee  is  especially  cultivated  on  the  Pacific  slope 
in  the  following  departments:  San  Jos^,,  Alajuela,  and  Cartago. 

Out  of  a  population  of  183,000  inhabitants  in  these  departments 
in  1892,  there  was  a  coffee  plantation  for  every  23  inhabitants,  or 
182  coffee  trees,  producing  92  kilograms  of  coffee  per  inhabitant;  in 
1905,  30,200  hectares  were  planted  in  coffee. 

In  1906  (year  ending  September  30)  the  exports  of  Costa  Rican 
coffee  reached  13,774,258  kilos,  of  which  about  one-half  was  shelled 
and  the  remainder  in  husks.  The  foreign  ports  of  importation  of 
Costa  Rican  coffee  were,  according  to  their  importance:  London,  76 
per  cent;  Hamburg,  11  per  cent;  New  Orleans  and  New  York,  9  per 
cent;  Bordeaux  and  Havre,  |3  per  cent;  then  Trieste,  Montreal, 
Barcelona,  Genoa,  and  Valparaiso. 

The  superior  grades,  caracoliUo,  are  shipped  to  London,  where  they 
command  high  prices,  but  they  would  bring  stiU  higher  prices  in 
Havre  or  Paris,  where  only  inferior  grades  are  shipped  and  in 
small  quantities. 

The  shipping  ports  of  Costa  Rican  coffee  are  Puerto-Limon,  which 
in  1906  shipped  13,035,780  kilos,  and  Pimtarenas,  738,478  kilos. 

Of  the  3  markets  in  the  United  States,  San  Francisco,  New  Orleans, 
and  New  York,  the  last  is  the  most  important,  while  of  the  European 
markets,  Hamburg,  London,  and  Havre  are  the  most  important. 
London  is  not  a  great  center  of  consumption  or  of  supply,  but  never- 
theless the  finest  grades  of  Central  American  coffees  are  to  be  found 
at  Tower  Dock,  and  it  is  here  that  the  important  European  markets, 
even  Havre,  although  it  is  generally  better  supplied  than  the  others, 
address  themselves  when  there  is  a  demand  for  these  coffees. 

Although  Havre  is  the  first  market  of  France  and  perhaps  of  all 
Europe  for  Central  American  coffees,  Bordeaux  and  Marseille  are  also 
important  French  markets. 

In  virtue  of  a  commercial  treaty  which  the  different  Central  Ameri- 
can States  signed  with  France,  coffee  from  these  coimtries  imported 
directly  into  France  enjoys  the  privileges  granted  to  the  most- 
favored  nations,  and  in  consequence  only  pays  136  francs  per  100  kilos, 
minimum  duties  for  coffee;  these  duties  are  not  paid  by  American 
shippers,  but  only  by  the  French  buyers.  But  in  order  to  obtain  tl 
privilege,  the  coffee  must  be  sent  with  a  bill  of  lading  direct  tn 


510      INTERNATIONAL,   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

and  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  duly  legalized,  stating  their 
Central  American  origin. 

GUATEMALA. 

The  most  important  coffee  plantations  of  Guatemala  are  found  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  The  principal  centers  of  cultivation  are,  according  to 
their  importance:  Costa  Cuca,  100,000  quintals;  Barberena,  65,000; 
Pochuta,  Costa  Grande  (1)  Costa  del  Cucho  and  Tunmador,  60,000; 
Chuva,  50,000;  Xolhuitz,  41,000;  Chicacoa,  35,000;  Malacatan,  San 
Marcos,  30,000;  Panan,  Escuintla,  Fuego,  25,000;  Moran,  1 6,000 ; 
La  Antigua,  San  Vicente  Pacaya,  15,000;  Amatitlan,  Sumatan, 
12,000;  Zunil,  10,000.  On  the  Atlantic  slope:  Coban,  Alta  Verapaz, 
40,000;  Montagua  Valley,  4,000;  Department  of  Santa  Rosa,  2,000. 

The  export  duty  is  1  dollar  gold  or  $6  paper  per  quintal  of  46 
kilos  on  shelled  coffee  and  proportionately  per  quintal  of  coffee  in 
husks.  The  maritime  freight  on  coffee  from  the  Pacific  coast  of 
Guatemala  to  Havre  is  about  75  francs  per  100  kilos. 

The  average  yearly  production  of  Guatemala  coffee  is  35,000,000 
kilos;  52  per  cent  of  this  quantity  going  to  Germany  (Hamburg  and 
Bremen),  32.95  per  cent  to  the  United  States  (San  Francisco,  New 
York,  and  New  Orieans),  12.760  per  cent  to  England  (Liverpool  and 
London),  0.614  per  cent  to  Chile  (Valparaiso),  0.507  per  cent  to 
Austria  (Trieste),  0.244  per  cent  to  Italy  (Genoa),  0.233  percent  to 
France  (Havre  and  Bordeaux),  0.209  per  cent  to  British  Honduras 
(Belize) .  The  average  shipments  of  800,000  quintals  of  coffee  exported 
from  Guatemala  can  be  credited  to  the  following  ports:  Champeric, 
405,000;  SanJos6de  Guatemala,  235,000;  Ocos,  134,000;  Livingston, 
34,000,  and  Puerto  Barrios,  2,000. 

HOXDURAS. 

The  cultivation  of  coffee  is  less  developed  in  this  coimtry  than  in 
any  of  the  other  Central  American  Republics,  due  not  to  any  differ- 
ence in  the  soil,  cUmate,  and  general  conditions  of  Honduras  in  com- 
parison with  its  sister  Republics,  but  to  the  lack  of  means  of  communi- 
cation with  the  interior,  and  especially  to  the  preference  given  to  the 
cultivation  of  bananas. 

There  are,  however,  coffee  plantations  in  the  Departments  of 
Santa  Barbara,  Copan,  Cores,  La  Paz,  Choluteca  and  el  Paralso. 
Among  the  principal  coffee  centers  may  be  mentioned  Danli,  near 
Tegucigalpa,  San  Pedro  Sula,  and  San  Marcos  de  Colon,  where  there 
is  a  fine  plantation  established  by  a  Frenchman. 

The  yearly  coffee  crop  of  Honduras  is  about  4,000,000  kilos,  of 
which  about  2,500,000  are  exported.  This  coffee  is  worth  about  25 
francs  per  46  kilos  in  the  country,  but  the  rare  shipments  which  have 
been  sent  to  Havre  and  Bordeaux  of  this  coffee,  which  is  highly 
prized,  have  reached  55  and  65  francs  per  50  kilos  in  warehouse. 


CENTRAL    AMERICAN    COFFEE.  511 

The  shipping  ports  of  Honduras  coffee  are  Puerto  Cortes,  on  the 
Atlantic,  for  coffee  destined  to  the  United  States  and  England; 
Amapala,  on  the  Pacific,  for  Hamburg,  Liverpool,  Havre  and  Bor- 
deaux and  the  land  frontiers  of  Honduras  for  Salvador. 

NICARAGUA. 

Coffee  grows  everywhere  in  Nicaragua,  especially  on  the  slightly 
elevated  places.  According  to  an  approximate  estimate  there  are 
60,000,000  trees  planted  in  the  various  departments  of  Nicaragua. 

The  planting  of  coffee  in  the  departments  on  the  Atlantic  slope 
would  develop  greatly  if  there  were  better  and  less  costly  means  of 
communication.  The  creation  of  new  plantations  on  this  slope  will 
increase  wonderfully  with  the  building  of  the  railroad  from  Mata- 
galpa  to  Leon,  and  especially  with  the  completion  of  the  line  from 
San  Miguelito  to  Monkey  Point  with  branch  line  to  Acoyapa. 

The  annual  coffee  production  of  Nicaragua  is  about  28,000,000 
kilos,  of  which  7,000,000  are  for  home  consumption,  leaving  about 
21,000,000  kilos  for  exportation,  distributed  as  follows: 


Country  of  deatination. 


Germany  (via  Magellan  or  Panama) . 

United  States 

England 

France 

Italy 

Belgium . 


8,000,000 

5,000,000 

3,000,000 

2,500,000 

800,000 

500,000 

Various  other  countries i      1 ,200,000 


Kilos. 


Total 21,000,000 


These  21,000,000  kilos  of  coffee  are  worth  from  15  to  20,000,000 
francs  ($4,000,000). 

The  shipping  ports  for  Nicaragua  coffee  are  the  two  situarted  on  the 
Pacific,  Corinto,  which  takes  eleven-twelfths  and  San  Jos6  del  Sur  the 
remaining  one-twelfth. 

Labor  is  more  easily  obtained  on  the  Pacific  slope  than  on  the 
Atlantic.  The  wages  vary  between  20  and  50  centavos  per  diem. 
The  cost  for  transporting  coffee  from  the  interior  of  the  country  to 
the  shipping  port  of  Corinto  is  moderate  for  the  regions  situated  on 
the  Une  of  the  Pacific  railroad,  but  it  is  quite  high  for  coffee  coming 
from  the  Segovias'.  Retail  cpSee  was  quoted  on  the  Managua  market 
in  1907  at  $32  per  quintal  for  first  quality  and  $0.50  per  pound.  The 
export  duty  on  coffee,  according  to  the  decree  of  February  24,  1907, 
is  reduced  to  $2  (national  money),  which  at  the  rate  of  exchange  of 
six  hundred  and  thirty  per  cent  makes  150  francs  per  quintal  of  100 
pounds. 

Laborers  especially  attached  to  the  coffee  plantations  are  exempt 
from  military  duty. 

There  are  several  coffee  hulling  establishments  in  Managua. 


512     INTEENATIONAIi  BUBBAU    OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

FOREIGN  COMHEBCE  IN  1907. 

According  to  the  figures  published  by  the  General  Bureau  of 
Statistics  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  the  preliminary  data  relating  to 
the  foreign  commerce  of  the  country  during  the  year  1907  show  that 
the  aggregate  value  of  imports  and  exports  during  the  year  amounted 
to  $582,065,052  gold,  as  compared  with  $562,224,450  in  1906,  an 
increase  of  $19,840,602.  The  balance  of  trade  in  favor  of  the  Republic 
was  $10,343,686  gold. 

The  total  value  of  imports  in  1907  was  $285,860,683  gold,  or  an 
increase  of  $15,890,162  over  1906.  The  value  of  imports  admitted 
free  of  duty  was  $102,461,572  gold,  which  compared  with  that  of  the 
previous  year  shows  an  advance  of  $16,904,317.  Imports  subject  to 
the  payment  of  duties  were  valued  at  $183,399,111  gold,  sho\ving  a 
decrease  of  $1,014,155,  when  compared  with  the  amount  for  1906. 

The  total  exportation  during  1907  was  valued  at  $296,204,369  gold, 
that  is  to  say  $3,950,540  more  than  in  1906.  The  value  of  exports 
subject  to  the  payment  of  duties  was  $1,808,  or  an  increase  of  $1,763 
over  1906;  the  exports  free  of  duty  were  valued  at  $296,204,561 
gold,  which  in  comparison  with  those  of  1906  shows  an  increase  of 
$3,948,777  gold. 

The  imports  of  gold  and  silver  during  the  year  in  reference  amounted 
to  $23,552,726  gold,  or  an  increase  of  $5,340,403  over  1906,  while 
the  exports  were  valued  at  $3,133,886  gold,  $1,588,264  more  than  the 
previous  year. 

The  imports  subject  to  the  payment  of  duties  include  articles  of 
prime  necessity,  dry  goods/ hats,  food  products,  beverages,  jewelry, 
etc.  The 'decrease  in  the  importation  of  articles  subject  to  duty  is 
counterbalanced  by  the  amount  of  imports  free  of  duty.  These  latter 
constitute  an  investment  of  capital  in  railway  material,  agricultural 
niachinery,  and  implements,  etc.,  all  being  items  employed  in  the  pro- 
gressive development  of  the  country.  As  under  this  heading  the 
RepubUc  has  in  its  favor  an  increase  of  $16,904,317  gold,  it  will  be 
seen  that  this  increase  instead  of  being  due  to  unproductive  expendi- 
tures is  a  capital  accumulated  within  the  country  for  the  develop- 
ment of  her  resources.  It  may  also  be  stated  that  the  railway  mate- 
rial purchased  by  the  companies  in  Europe  is  not  paid  for  with 
Argentine  money,  but  generally  with  the  product  of  shares  subscribed 
with  European  capital. 

In  regard  to  exports  it  should  be  stated  that  in  the  totals  given 
above,  the  value  of  wool  sold  during  the  months  from  October  to 
December  is  not  included,  which  value  amounts  every  year  from 
15,000,000  to  20,000,000  gold  pesos. 


ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 


513 


IMMIGBATION  IN  1907. 


The  Director-General  of  Immigration  of  the  Argentine  Republic 
reports  regarding  immigration  during  the  year  1907  that  the  total 
number  of  arrivals,  including  passengers  and  immigrants  from  foreign 
countries  and  Montevideo,  was  329,122,  classified  as  follows: 


i  Arrivals,   ^rt- 


J_ 


Passengers: 

From  foreign  ports 15, 284 

From  Montevideo 55, 914 

Immigrants: 

From  foreign  ports 209, 103 

From  Monfevideo 48.821 


12,497 
55,172 

90,190 
47,873 


Total I    329,122        205,732 


The  nationality  of  the  immigrants  was  as  follows:  Italians,  90,282 
Spaniards,  82,606;  Russians,  9,530;  Turks,  7,436;  French,  4,125 
Austrians,  3,439;  Germans,  2,322;  English,  1,659;  Hungarians,  1,220 
Portuguese,  1,118;  Argentinians,  1,016;  Greeks,  500;t'Swiss,  486 
Brazilians,  482;  Montenegrins,  450;  Bulgarians,  [442;  [Danish,  378 
North  Americans,  393;  Roumanians,  223;  Belgians,  209;  Moroccans, 
180;  Dutch,  178,  and  other  nationalities  in  lesser  numbers. 

Of  the   209,103   immigrants  from   foreign  ports,   82,007   arrived 
grouped  in  25,369  families,  and  singly  109,106  men  and  17,990  women. 


BANK  STATEMENT,  DECEMBER  31,   1907. 

A  communication  received  from  the  Department  of  Foreign  Rela- 
tions of  the  Argentine  Republic,  dated  January  24,  1908,  contains  a 
statement  published  by  the  Minister  of  Finance,  showing  the  situa- 
tion of  17  of  the  Argentine  banks  on  December  31,  1907.  Their  total 
deposits  on  that  date  amounted  to  $29,086,145  gold  and  $717,169,629 
paper;  discounts  and  loans,  $37,279,547  gold  and  $679,357,449 
paper;  cash  on  hand,  $40,026,916  gold  and  $220,770,433  paper. 

Following  is  the  statement  referred  to : 


Bank. 


Anglo-Siid  Americano 

Aleman  Transatlantico  . . . 
Britanico  de  la  A.  del  Sur. . 

Credito  Argentino 

r  ,  LPlatA 

i  TAm-ff^  '111  Kio  nr  in  IHata . 
GftUdH  y  Hum^n  Alf(?s.„. 
Oermank  n  tie  ta  A.  del  Sut. 

H^blUtadM. 

Italia  J  Kro  Ui^la  FLata.... 

LoDdrftH  f  BriialJ 

Loudly  J  Hlo  de  ta  Plata. 

KtfC^lou  A  roeattna 

NoefTo  Itariano. . , „ . 

Popular  A  rc^tin^ 

Popular  1  tailaoo » . , 

PTf>vi™iii  de  Bii«n<t9  Aim. 


Deposits. 


DlveoimU  and  lo«ui*. 


Gold. 
1.071,(177 


7,017,4I»3 

4,M0,SU 

501,300 


Fftp«r. 

tS. 330, 310 
28,U21.^1U 
33,483.077 
2,736, 7el 
113,404,167 
43,I71,«W 
3,73S,5Q6 

vm,im 

«.471,982 
121,258,332 

22, 500, 019 

7,9Q»,480 

i,7ai,3ii 


12, 167,^74 
4.601 .«£0 

l,ft6l,0flS 

6,4e2,8a2 

10,  IM 

1,274,741 


Fapot. 


3,77S,06& 
2,749, fl77 
0,010,602 

l,2a6,74« 

2,603 

4G,S31 

008,664 


CaalKmh^d. 


124, 77ft, 30S 
27,K47.239 
28,fiSl,fl90 
2,557,427 
97,190,520 
13,725,675 
5, MO, 035  ' 
0,490,601  ; 
202,325  I 
53,277,91S  I 
7,4152,121  I 
13,149,817 
314,022,27S  | 

t3,540,e3§ 
],2M.815 

M,3aa,Tfls 


Gold. 

125], 437 

l,67%St7i«> 

»,  043, 480 

6,A0O 

3,032,«^  . 

4.1. 7§1 
1,2U§,753 

2'6i3;^' 

452, 0G3 

S,0n,62l 

18.618,1(90 

1S9,073 

I53,yfiti 

9,635 


P«iw. 

t3.56T.4i2 
7,^78,084 
«.51l,4Bl 

1,046,779 

30,500,109 

13,480,(07 

1,054, 236 

7,£13,0ia 

sa,7^ 

15,043'"'=^ 

2,430 
41,300, 
55,057, 

5,022, 

3,787 
7"' 
14,f 


9,09e,14»    7l7,l»,e2»    37,27^,547    679,3,57, 441* 


514     INTEBNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE  AMBBICAN  REPUBLICS. 
THE  BANE  OF  THE  ARGENTINE  NATION. 

The  foUowing  table,  received  from  the  Department  of  Foreign 
Relations  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  shows  the  remarkable  progress 
of  the  Bank  of  the  Argentine  Nation  {Banco  de  la  Naddn  Argentina), 
from  the  years  1892  to  1907.  This  bank  is  the  Government  institu- 
tion of  credit,  and  it  was  established  by  law  of  October  16,  1891, 
being  inaugurated  on  December  1  of  the  same  year.  The  figures 
contained  in  the  table  are  self-explanatory  and  need  no  further 
comment. 


Yfiiir. 


D^pOBJtS. 


GdM. 


im.. 


■i 


Iflfle.,, ,..,, I      1341,700 

IBS i,«i,aoo 

l¥2^,  400 
550,  «0 
675.900 
gga,L0O 
1,  IBS,  300 
180S 1,213,900 

1900..  „..,., „,„.„, I      sea,  700 

1901.-.  — ■  8,244.700 

ISOa...... ,........;  1,240,300 

Vm. ,-.,- 1,643,100 

WO*,.- 1,102,300 

■"*"                                       .  2,703,«O 

,,   t,sra,ioo 

.1     1^  £10,200 


Fnper. 


•30,126,700 
52,240,800 
66,100,7(50 
65,601,200 
55,800,000 
J56, 40^,600 
6.1,852,400 
6»,  904, 000 
75,426,700 
75,833,200 
77,065,800 
106,011,400 
121,320,500 
145,009,  POO 
140.764,300 
162,276,1300 


Dlaeonnta  and  adTAiujei. 


Gold. 


?7,6BO 
!(21,Q00  I 
4£&,000  I 
0,^W  I 
206,500 
a04,000 
1,22(1,200 
],363,4iO0 
2,050,600 


Paper. 

44,870,  BOO 
«,  779, 000 
54.57^,000 
6»,3S0,B0a 
flfl,90B,000 
72.  £21000 
78,952,700 
83,0B5.900 
S4, 83.1*800 
77,647,000 
75,344,700 
95,7O4,d00 
lftl,522,7W) 
170,57^.000 
214.022,200 


Ca^. 


Gold. 


t3ff7,7(» 

lj549v«» 

448,500 

606,000 

794,800 

969,000 

1,^10,000 

1,196,700 

7, 974, 700 

10,871,800 

6.244,900 

K^M.OOO 

21.7BS.00O 

11,328,800 

9,SH000 

18.018,100 


Flftper. 

ilA,88aO0O 

SO,  540,  an 

23,§i3,r- 

38.Sft5v4l 
37,030,1 
44, 747,  Mi 

44,190«900 

42, 79Q,  7^ 
65,611,800 
47,216,000 
51.^7.000 
5(2.439,000 
£5,aS7,4fiO 


The  net  profits  of  the  bank  have  also  increased.  In  the  year  1906 
the  net  earnings  amoimted  to  $4,413,996,  which,  as  may  be  seen  in 
the  above  table,  have  increased  in  1907. 

The  bank  has  at  present  104  branch  offices  throughout  the  Republic, 
and  it  is  probable  that  during  1908  4  more  will  be  opened. 

SUGAR  PRODUCTION  OF  TUOUMAN,  1907. 

According  to  statistics  published  by  the  Sugar  Association,  the 
cane  milled  by  the  29  mills  of  Tucuman  Province  during  1907  ^^s 
1,403,817  tons,  producing  91,150^  tons  of  sugar.  The  retiuns  for 
1905  were  1,575,646  tons,  yielding  113,745  tons  of  sugar,  the  yield 
being  7.22  per  cent.  In  1906,  the  cane  treated  was  1,671,338  tons, 
with  a  yield  of  100,745  tons,  equivalent  to  6  per  cent,  while  the  per- 
centage of  yield  for  the  1907  crop  was  6.55  per  cent. 

SLAUGHTERHOUSE  STATISTICS,  1907. 

For  the  year  1907  the  various  slaughtering  and  freezing  establish- 
ments of  the  Argentine  Republic  report  cattle  slaughtered  to  the 
number  of  931,048;  sheep,  2,761,696;  pigs,  12,261. 

Imports  of  cattle  cover  2,900  bulls,  3,950  sheep,  785  horses,  and  111 
donkeys.  Of  the  cattle  imported,  9  per  cent  were  slaughtered,  o^ing 
to  tuberculosis,  while  of  the  2,997,100  sheep  inspected  at  Tablada, 
45,554  were  found  to  be  suffering  from  tick  and  were  condemned. 


ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC.  515 

CUSTOMS  BBVENX7E  AT  BXTENOS  AIBES,  1007. 

The  revenue  of  the  Buenos  Aires  custom-house  for  1907  amounted 
to  $114,968,855  paper  and  $2,732,015  gold,  an  increase  for  the  year 
of  $934,882  as  compared  with  1906. 

BIOE  0T7LTTJBE  IN  THE  BEPTJBLIO. 

The  Agricultural  Department  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in  con- 
sidering the  possibility  of  the  profitable  culture  of  rice,  from  a  com- 
mercial standpoint  within  the  limits  of  the  RepubUc,  fixes  the  total 
native  production  for  1907  at  13,000,000  kilos,  and  the  total  area 
under  cultivation  at  4,352  hectares. 

Rice  is  cultivated  in  the  provinces  of  Tucuman,  2,900  hectares; 
Salta,  440  hectares;  Jujuy,  357  hectares;  San  Juan,  275  hectares; 
Sontiago  del  Estero,  10  hectares,  and  Misiones,  370  hectares.  The 
average  production  is  about  3,000  kilos  to  the  hectare,  at  a  cost  of 
$150  (national  currency)  per  hectare.  As  the  average  price  of  rice 
in  the  husk  is  between  $9  and  $10  per  100  kilos,"a  good  profit  is  thus 
shown  for  the  producer.  It  is  stated  that  in  %lta  and  Jujuy  a  higher 
average  yield  is  obtained  than  in  Tucuman,  and  that  in  Jujuy  the 
cost  of  production  does  not  exceed  $135  per  hectare,  as  labor  is  cheaper 
and  water  free  of  cost.  On  account  of  indifferent  selection  of  seed, 
however,  the  native  rice  is  said  to  be  of  an  inferior  grade  td  the 
imported  varieties. 

Statistics  of  rice  imports  show  that  in  1903  the  quantities  imported 
were  1,681  tons  in  the  husk  and  26,035  tons,  clean;  in  1904,  3,912  tons 
injhusk  and  24,346,  clean;  in  1905,  2,159  tons  in  husk,  and  21,698 
clean,  while  in  1906,  imports  advanced  to  10,791  tons  and  23,518 
tons,  for  the  2  varieties,  respectively. 

Figures  for  the  first  nine  months  of  1907  fix  the  imports  in  husk 
at  12,716  tons,  valued  at  $254,320,  and  15,415  tons  of  clean  rice, 
worth  $1,233,145. 

Rice  in  husk  comes  mainly  from  the  British  possessions — 10,197 
tons  being  received  from  this  source  in  1906 — while  clean  rice  comes 
principally  from  Italy,  which  furnished  19,600  tons  in  1906. 

The  department  considers  that  rice  might  be  cultivated  with 
advantage  in  the  province  of  Cordoba,  and  that  the  islands  forming 
the  delta  of  the  Parana  are  especially  adapted  for  the  purpose. 

The  import  duty,  as  at  present  established,  is  25  per  cent  on  a 
tariflF  value  of  $20  gold  per  ton  for  rice  in  the  husk  and  $80  gold  per 
ton  for  clean  rice. 

DISCUSSION  OF  THE  SALE  OF  THE  ANDINE  BAILWAT  POSTPONED • 

The  committee  on  public  works  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  of  the 
Argentine  Congress  has  resolved  to  postpone  until  'the  next  »  n 
the  discussion  of  the  bill  authorizing  the  sale  of  the  Andine  I 


616     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

for  $27,828,000,  the  terms  of  which  were  specified  in  contract  sub- 
mitted by  the  President  of  the  Republic  on  December  13,  1907,  and 
signed  ad  referendum  between  the  Minister  of  Public  Works  and  the 
representatives  of  Ihe  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario  and  the  Central 
Argentine  Railways. 

CROP  MOVEMENT  IN  1007. 

In  connection  with  the  large  wheat  and  linseed  crops  reported  for 
the  Argentine  Republic  during  the  current  year,  it  is  further  stated 
that  adequate  preparations  have  been  made  by  the  railways  for  the 
handling  of  these  products  with  expedition  and  economy. 

The  following  table  shows  the  quantities  of  wheat.  Unseed  and 
maize  carried  by  the  principal  Argentine  companies  during  1907, 
and  the  proportions  of  such  traffic  to  the  total  freight  handled  by 
the  various  lines : 


Wheat. 


Linseed. 


Maize. 


Roads. 


Tons. 


Per    I 
cent  of  I    Tons, 
total. 


I 


Buenos  Aires  and  Pacific i  640,000 

Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario 1,070,000 

Buenos  Aires  Great  Southern ,  1, 779,000  I 

Buenos  Aires  Western !  926,000  I 

Cordoba  and  Rosario |  62,000 

Cordoba  Central 22,000 

Cordoba  Central  (N.  Sec.) 

Entre  Rios 121, 000 


32.5 
14.5 
36.4 
39.2 
10.1 
4.1 


26.7 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


79,000  4.0 
306,000  I  4.2 
59,000  I        1.2  ! 


19,000 
1,000  I 


3.1 


76,000  I      16.3 


Pw 

Tons. 

cent  of 

total. 

199,000 

10.1 

1,772,000 

24.1 

497,000 

10.1 

679,000 

24.5 

38,000 

6.2 

6,000 

1.1 

17,000 

2.5 

8,000 

1.8 

REAL  ESTATE  AND  LICENSE  TAXES. 

In  1907  the  tax  collected  on  real  estate  in  the  Argentine  capital 
amounted  to  $10,334,746.98  (national  currency),  or  an  increase  of 
$3,774,322.84  over  the  amount  collected  in  1906.  The  taxes  col- 
lected on  real  estate  in  1907  in  the  national  territories  amounted  to 
$1,121,816.94,  in  comparison  \vath  $472,723.75  collected  in  1906. 

The  license  tax  in  the  capital  in  1906  amounted  to  $3,593,114.83, 
while  in  1907  it  amounted  to  $3,936,496.67,  thus  showing  a  consid- 
erable increase. 

In  1907  the  license  tax  in  the  interior  of  the  RepubUc  amounted 
to  $342,465.92,  or  an  increase  of  $16,071.96  over  that  of  1906. 

In  1907  there  was  a  small  decrease  in  the  amount  of  the  maritime 
license  tax,  inasmuch  as  in  1906  it  amounted  to  $446,170,  while  in 
the  former  year  it  only  amounted  to  $440,501. 

In  1906  the  surcharges  collected  amounted  to  $254,735.55,  and  in 
1907  to  $162,416.29. 

In  1906  the  total  tax  collected  on  real  estate  amounted  to 
$11,653,558.29,  while  in  1907  it  rose  to  $16,338,448.80,  thus  showing 
an  increase  of  $4,684,885.51  in  1907. 


ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 


517 


In  1907  the  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  stamped  paper  amounted  to 
$9,876,803.40  and  $9,550,581.60  in  1906. 

BUILDINa  IN  BXTENOS  AIBES   DUBINa  THE  LAST  SEVEN  YEABS. 

According  to  statistics  pubUshed  by  Messrs.  Bravo,  Barros  &  Co., 
of  Buenos  Aires,  in  their  weekly  "iow  YernJUi%,^^  the  value  of  the  build- 
ings constructed  during  the  last  seven  years  was  as  follows: 


Y«ar. 


Pesos,  paper. 


1»1 22,331,824 

1902 19,403,916 

1903 21,690,926 

1904 27,983,602 


Year. 


1905. 
1906. 
1907. 


Pesos,  paper. 


38,812,826 
56,114,120 
79,033,838 


The  advance  commenced  in  1904  with  an  increase  of  30  per  cent 
over  1903;  in  1905  an  increase  of  40  per  cent  over  1904  is  shown;  the 
increase  in  1906  over  1905  is  48  per  cent,  and  that  of  1907  over  1906 
41  per  cent.  From  1901  to  1907  the  advance  has  exceeded  250  per 
cent. 

COTTON  QBOWINQ  AND  MANTJFACTTTBE. 

A  report  made  by  the  French  consul  at  Buenos  Aires  and  published 
in  the/'  Moniteur  Offidel  du  Commerce ^^  for  January  16,  1908,  states 
that  the  finest  quality  of  cotton  produced  in  the  Argentine  Republic 
is  grown  in  the  provinces  of  La  Rioja  and  Catamarca,  while  Cordoba, 
Tucuman,  and  Corrientes,  as  well  as  the  territories  of  Chaco  and 
Misiones,  devote  considerable  areas  to  the  culture.  A  retarding 
influence  to  the  full  development  of  the  industry  is  felt  in  the  high 
rates  of  railway  transport.  In  Tucuman  and  Cordoba  the  culture  is 
limited  at  present,  but  is  capable  of  progress,  and  in  Corrientes  it  is 
still  in  its  infancy,  while  in  Misiones  the  plant  suffers  from  the  ravages 
of  ants.  The  greatest  development  is  noted  with  regard  to  the  Chaco 
region  where,  in  spite  of  the  depredations  of  a  disease  known  locally 
as  '^rouja/*  a  fine  grade  of  long-fibered  cotton,  much  appreciated  in 
the  Havre  and  Liverpool  markets  is  grown.  Successful  efforts  have 
been  directed  toward  the  stamping  out  of  the  disease. 

The  Chaco  district  contains  a  large  number  of  gins,  which  during 
1907  treated  about  800  metric  tons  of  cotton,  half  being  used  in 
Buenos  Aires  and  the  remainder  dispatched  to  the  Liverpool  market. 
The  cotton  seed  are  sold  to  the  Colonelli  factory,  which  is  the  only  one 
equipped  for  the  manufacture  of  oil.  The  three^small  cotton  manufac- 
turing companies  originally  established  have  combined  as  the  Sodedad 
Hilanderids  Argentinas  de]  Algodon,  capitalized  at  about  $875,000. 
This  company  uses  the  native  product,  without  having  recourse  to 
importations  of  raw  material,  to  the  extent  of  400  tons,  and  its  co 
tracts  for  the  present  year  called  for  an  increase  over  the  preci 
one.     It  has  an  important  establishment  at  General  Vedia  0 


518     INTERNATIONAjL  bureau   of   the  AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

with  a  dozen  mills  at  Resistencia  and  a  spinning  mill  at  Buenos  Aires, 
with  a  capacity  of  2,000  kilos  of  yarn  daily. 

The  1907  crop  is  given  as  7,000  metric  tons,  and  the  total  area 
under  culture  at  4,644  hectares,  distributed  as  follows: 

Chaco,  3,280  hectares;  Formosa,  111;  Misiones,  68;  Corrientes, 
495;  Santa  Fe,  275;  Catamarca,  22,  and  La  Rioja,  215. 

Cotton  imports  for  the  year  are  placed  at  about  52,682  kilograms 
(116,14'S  pounds). 

COMMUNICATION  WITH  BOLIVIA. 

The  opening  of  the  railroad  line  from  Jujuy  to  La  Quiaca,  the 
terminus  of  the  extension  of  the  Central  Northern  Railway  to  the 
frontier  of  Bolivia,  has  been  effected  in  conformity  with  the  contract 
made  between  the  Argentine  Government  and  Luis  Stremiz  and 
Company  in  1903. 

From  the  Bolivian  frontier  a  connecting  line  is  to  be  run  on  account 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  by  virtue  of  a  treaty  with  Bolivia  to  one 
of  the  principal  cities  of  the  latter  country. 

The  length  of  line  from  Jujuy  to  La  Quiaca  is  284  kilometers  (over 
166  miles),  and  the  cost  of  construction  was  $6,884,659.  Leaving 
Jujuy  at  a  point  which  is  1,258  meters  above  sea  level,  the  road 
ascends  the  valley  traversed  by  the  Rio  Grande,  which  is  cj-ossed 
several  times  in  the  first  34  kilometers.  Culverts  and  bridges  num- 
bering 125,  and  varying  from  2  to  210  meters,  have  had  to  be  con- 
structed Avithin  that  distance,  while  for  an  extent  of  10  kilometers, 
where  the  gradient  is  60  per  1,000,  the  railway  is  constructed  on  the 
Abt  rack  system.  On  this  section  heavy  adhesional  locomotives 
will  be  employed  capable  of  drawing,  in  addition  to  the  engine  and 
tender,  a  train  weighing  150  tons  at  a  speed  of  10  kilometers  an  hour. 

At  Pumamarca  station  the  railway  is  at  a  height  of  2,208  meters 
above  sea  level  and  at  Negra  Muerta,  at  the  head  of  the  valley,  the 
height  is  3,343  meters.  At  Tres  Cruces,  184  kilometers  from  Jujuy, 
the  greatest  elevation,  3,690  meters,  is  attained.  Thence  the  line 
passes  with  a  gradual  descent  to  La  Quiaca,  which  is  3,443  meters 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

The  '^Standard,''  of  Buenos  Aires,  in  commenting  on  the  road, 
anticipates  a  considerable  passenger  traffic  over  the  line  on  accoxmt 
of  the  picturesque  nature  of  the  region  traversed. 


BOLIVIA. 

COMMERCE  WITH  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1007. 

The  Minister  from  Bolivia,  in  Washington,  SefLor  Don  Ignaoio 
Calderon,  has  fm-nished  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American 
Republics  with  the  information  that,  according  to  consular  reports 


BOLIVIA.  519 

for  the  year  1907,  exports  from  New  York  and  San  Francisco  to 
Bolivia  reached  a  total  valuation  of  $2,852,460.30.  Similar  ship- 
ments in  1906  aggregated  $1,136,603.91,  a  gain  being  thus  shown  of 
$1,715,856.39. 

Recorded  figures  for  export  values  from  the  ports  mentioned  with 
Bolivian  destination  in  1905  are  $1,720,000,  so  that  an  increase  of 
nearly  100  per  cent  is  noted  in  two  years. 

United  States  figures  for  exports  to  Bolivia  in  1907  show  only 
$1,502,622,  as  much  merchandise  ultimately  destined  for  that  coun- 
try is  entered  through  Chilean  and  other  ports.  Imports  are  not 
recorded. 

CONDITIONS  OF  FOBEION  COMMEBCE. 

Villa  Bella,  Puerto  Suarez,  and  Huaqui,  are  the  principal  ports  of 
the  RepubUc.  Other  important  ports  are  Puerto  Sucre,  Villa  Rica, 
Puerto  Perez,  Sotalaya,  Bahia  or  Cobija,  Madre  de  Dios,  Puerto  Bal- 
livian,  and  Rurrenbaque. 

In  1905  and  1906,  the  exports  and  imports  of  Bolivia  were  valued  as 
follows: 


Exports. 


Bolivianos.^ 
1906 '      29.633,046 


Imports. 


Bolivianos. 
20.298,771 


1906 1      66.864,615  34.232,678 

o  BoliTiano  —  ia429  United  States  currency. 

The  principal  custom-houses  of  the  Republic  at  the  present  time  are 
Huaqui,  Oruro,  Uyuni,  Tupiza,  Tarija,  Puerto  Suarez,  Villa  Bella, 
Abuna,  Madre  de  Dios,  and  Bahia.  The  following  are  second  and 
third  class  custom-houses:  Corocoro,  Sotalaya,  Pelechuco,  Itenes, 
San  Matias,  Yacuiba,  Salitre,  Rio  Grande,  Salinas  de  Garcilindoza, 
Huaycho,  San  Ignacio,  and  La  Gaiba. 

All  merchandise,  in  order  to  be  lawfully  imported  into  the  Republic, 
must  pass  through  one  of  the  established  custom-houses.  All  mer- 
chandise known  to  commerce  is  importable  into  the  Republic,  except 
articles  whose  circulation  is  prohibited  by  the  penal  laws  and  the 
security  and  public  welfare  of  the  Republic,  as  well  as  the  articles 
excluded  in  the  customs  rules  and  regulations,  and  articles  of  which 
the  Government  has  a  monopoly.  Steel  arms  and  firearms,  as  well  as 
powder,  except  such  as  are  imported  for  use  in  mines,  and,  in  general, 
all  kinds  of  war  supplies,  can  only  be  imported  with  the  express  con- 
sent of  the  Government. 

Foreign  merchandise  imported  for  consumption  within  the  Repub- 
lic, pays,  in  the  proper  custom-house,  the  duties  specified  in  the*cus- 
toms  tariff;  merchandise  free  of  duty  is  such  as  is  so  mentioned  in  the 


520     INTBBNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE  AMEBICAN   BEPUBLIOS. 

customs  tariff,  or  that  which  is  declared  free  of  duty  by  the  legislative 
power. 

Fifty  per  cent  of  the  customs  duties  are  payable  in  gold  at  the 
rate  of  12.5  bolivianos  per  pound  sterling;  when  paid  in  silver  there 
shall  be  a  surcharge  of  5  per  cent  on  all  or  a  part  of  the  60  per  cent. 
Amounts  of  less  than  12.5  bolivianos  may  be  paid  in  silver  without 
any  surcharge. 

The  simi  of  0.30  of  a  boliviano  shall  be  collected  in  the  ware- 
houses on  each  100  kilos  of  merchandise  or  fraction  thereof. 

After  merchandise  passes  through  the  custom-house  of  the  Repub- 
lic, it  is  exempt  from  all  further  taxation,  unless  State  laws  and 
municipal  rules  and  regulations  otherwise  direct. 

All  the  products  of  the  country,  whether  in  a  natiu-al  or  manu- 
factured state,  with  the  exception  of  live  vicufias,  chinchillas,  and 
alpacas,  and  Bolivian  antiquities,  may  be  exported. 

In  general,  all  natural  and  manufactured  products  of  Bolivia,  with 
the  exception  of  the  following,  are  free  from  export  duties: 

Bolwiamot. 

Bismuth  in  ingots,  per  46  kilos 10. 0 

Bismuth  in  bars,  per  46  kilos 8. 0 

Copper  in  bars,  per  46  kilos 1. 0 

Gold  in  ingots  or  powder 2 

Silver  ores,  per  fine  mark 08 

Sealed  gold  coin per  cent. .  8 

Rubber do 8tol5 

Tin  is  subject  to  a  sliding  scale  depending  on  the  quotations  of 
the  European  markets.  For  instance,  if  the  ton  of  strait  bar  is 
quoted  at  less  than  £100,  the  export  tax  per  quintal  is  0.90  bclivi- 
anos;  if  at  more  than  £200,  3.30  bolivianos  per  quintal. 

BBDTJCTION  OF  INTEBEST  ON  MINING  LIOBNSBS. 

On  December  16,  1907,  President  Ismael  Montes  promulgated  the 
following  decree: 

**SoLE  ARTICLE.  The  interest  on  unpaid  mining  licenses  is  hereby 
reduced  to  9  per  cent  per  annum,  the  law  of  October  26,  1890,  and 
article  69  of  the  Mining  Rules  and  Regulations  of  October  28,  1882, 
being  modified  accordingly.'* 

PRODUCTION  AND  INDUSTRY. 

It  is  rather  difficult  to  estimate  the  agricultural  production  of  the 
Bolivian  RepubUc.  Everything  of  this  kind  produced  is  used  for 
home  consumption,  except  india  rubber,  which  is  exported  to  Europe, 
and  small  quantities  of  cocoa,  coffee,  Peruvian  bark,  etc.,  sent  to 
Chile  and  the  Argentine  Republic. 

The  greatest  rubber-producing  regions  are  located  in  the  national 
territory  of  Colonias,  the  departments  of  Beni  and  Santa  Cruz,  and 


BOLIVIA.  521 

portions  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba.  Both  cocoa  and  coffee  are 
grown  in  Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba.  Beni  and  Santa 
Cruz  also  cultivate  coffee  and  other  valuable  vegetable  products. 

India  rubber,  the  exploitation  of  which  at  present  constitutes  one 
of  the  most  important  and  sure  sources  of  national  wealth,  is  regarded 
as  the  most  valuable  vegetable  product  of  the  country,  both  in 
©oUvia  and  abroad. 

There  are  635,000  square  kilometers  of  Government  lands  in  the 
Republic. 

Government  lands  are  acquired  by  purchase,  except  in  cases  of 
acquisition,  in  accordance  with  the  special  laws,  and  the  imit  of 
measure  for  all  acquisitions  is  10,000  square  meters,  or  2.471  acres. 

In  each  departmental  and  provincial  capital  there  is  a  board 
entitled  Junta  de  Fomento  Agricola  y  Oanadero,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  promote  the  agricultural  and  cattle  industries  of  the 
country,  and  the  powers  of  which  are  subject  to  special  rules  and 
regulations. 

There  are  many  rich  mines  in  BoUvia  in  which  are  found  almost 
all  the  minerals  known  in  the  world.  The  mountains  of  Bolivia  con- 
tain great  veins  of  precious  metals,  constituting  the  most  varied 
combinations,  and  these  metals  are  exploited  on  a  large  scale.  Owing, 
however,  to  the  great  scarcity  of  labor,  as  well  as  of  capital  and  rail- 
roads, a  complete  exploitation  can  not  be  made.  Notwithstanding 
these  difficulties,  it  may  be  said  that  the  mining  industry  in  Bolivia 
is  carried  on  in  accordance  with  the  latest  improvements,  and  that 
the  best  miners  in  South  America  are  to  be  found  in  the  Republic. 
A  writer  has  said  that  from  a  mining  point  of  view  Bolivia  compares 
favorably  with  any  other  country.  The  copper  deposits  of  Coro- 
coro  and  the  tin  and  bismuth  mines  are  considered  among  the  richest 
in  the  world. 

The  following  are  the  minerals  at  present  exploited  on  a  lai^e 
scale : 

There  are  tliree  auriferous  regions  in  Bolivia  containing  gold  in 
abundance.  The  first  one  extends  from  the  eastern  border  of  the 
Republic,  in  the  basin  of  the  Inambary,  to  the  eastern  frontier  in 
Upper  Paraguay.  This  region  comprises  the  whole  mountainous 
zone  of  the  provinces  of  CaupoUcan,  Munecas,  Larecaja,  Cercodo, 
Yungas,  Inquisivi,  and  Loayza  of  the  Department  of  La  Paz,  continu- 
ing through  the  Department  of  Cochabamba,  and  extending  through 
Santa  Cruz.  Also  the  famous  placers  of  the  river  San  Juan  del  Oro, 
Suches,  Tipuani,  Cajones,  and  Chuquiaguillo;  the  mines  of  Araca, 
Yani,  Cavari,  Ayopaya,  Arque,  San  Simon,  San  Javier,  Sorotoco  de 
Chiquitos,  and  others  belonging  to  this  group. 

The  second  region  begins  in  Lipez,  continues  through  the  souths  i 
part  of  the  provinces  of  Chayauta,  Sur  Chichas,  Department  of  Pot 


522      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Mendez,  Department  of  Tarija,  Cinti  j  Acero  in  Chuquisaca,  to  the 
plains  of  Santa  Cruz.  In  this  region  are  located  the  veins  and  placers 
of  Amayapampa,  Suipacha,  Esmoraca,  Chuquichuqi,  San  Juan  River, 
and  the  tributaries  of  the  Guapay. 

The  third  region,  which  is  perhaps  the  richest  of  all,  is  not  at  pres- 
ent being  exploited,  but  it  extends  to  the  northwest  of  the  Republic 
to  Corabaya,  in  Peru,  and  the  sources  of  the  [rivers  Madre  de  Dioe/f 
Acre,  and  Purus. 

From  1540  to  1759,  a  period  of  two  hundred  and  twenty  years,  the 
Bolivian  gold  mines  produced  £420,000,000.  From  [theijlatter  date 
to  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century  the  mines  and  placers  of 
the  provinces  of  Larecaja  and  Caupoliacan  produced  $14,000,000 
gold,  and  from  1818  to  1868  they  produced  150,776  ounces  of  gold. 
It  is  estimated  that  the  output  of  the  other  mines  and  placers  of  the 
Republic,  from  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  until  the  latter  part  of 
the  nineteenth  century,  amounted  to  £25,000,000. 

Judging  by  the  data  obtained  on  the  matter,  the  gold  production 
in  BoUvia  in  one  year  may  be  estimated  at  approximately  560  kilo- 
grams of  gold,  the  oflScial  value  of  which  is  275,000  bolivianos. 

Silver  abounds  in  nearly  all  of  the  territory  of  the  Republic,  and 
has  made  famous  the  Potosi  hill,  which  from  1556  to  1651  produced 
3,240,000  pesos  to  the  Spanish  Crown,  derived  exclusively  from  a  tax 
amounting  to  one-fifth  of  the  value  of  the  product.  It  is  well  known 
that  Bolivia  has  for  a  long  time  occupied  the  third  place  among 
silver-producing  countries. 

The  western  region  is  the  richest,  and  the  auriferous  zone  of  the 
high  plateaus,  which  constitute  the^immense  plains  to  the  north, 
the  south  and  the  east,  the  silver. ores  occupy  the  upper  part  and 
crown  the  hills  of  the  Andine  mountains  from  west  to  east. 

There  are  more  than  10,000  abandoned  silver  mines  throughout 
the  Republic,  not  including  a  great  many  which  are  at  present  being 
exploited.  The  cessation  in  exploiting  the  abandoned  mines  has 
not  been  caused  by  the  exhaustion  of  the  metal  or  any  deficiency 
therein,  but  owing  to  the  lack  of  capital  or  suitable  means  of  the 
extraction  of  the  water,  and  other  difficulties. 

The  Department  of  Potosi  is  the  richest  and  most  abimdant  in 
silver  mines,  and  there  are  located  therein  the  famous  mining  dis- 
tricts of  Huanchaca,  Aullagas,  Colquechaca,  Ocuri,  Porco,  Guada- 
lupe, Portugalete,  CarguaicoUo,  Chorolque,  Tomave  and  Lipez 
exclusive  of  other  important  concerns  who  are  working  mines  in  the 
Potosi  hill,  Andacaba,  Chochacomani,Turqui,Uncia,  and  other  places. 

The  most  important  mines  in  the  Department  of  Oruro  are  the 
Oruro,  San  Jose,  Antequera,  etc.;  in  Chuquisaca  the  San  Lucas, 
Huata,  and  Pojo  mines;  in  Cochabamba,  the  Arque  and  Choque- 


BOLIVIA.  523 

camata,  and  the  Colquiri  in  the  Department  of  La  Paz.  The  richest 
ores  yield  8,000  marks  per  2,300  kilos. 

The  wealth  of  the  BoHvian  tin  mines  is  wonderful,  and  its  develop- 
ment is  handicapped  by  the  lack  of  capital,  railroads,  and  public  roads 
which  would  facilitate  the  transportation  of  the  product  to  the  sea- 
port. This  mineral  is  frequently  found  in  the  eastern  strip  of  land 
of  the  high  plateau  from  the  neighborhood  of  Lake  Titicaca  to  near 
the  southern  frontier  of  the  RepubUc.  The  best  known  tin  deposit 
in  the  north  is  Moho  in  the  Peruvian  province  of  Huancane,  on  the 
northwest  boundary  of  Lake  Titicaca.  Other  rich  tin  mines  are 
found  at  Milluni,  in  Huayna  Potosi,  Quime,  Colquiri,  and  the  whole 
province  of  Inquisivi,  Oruro,  and  adjoining  country,  Leon  hill  and 
Avicaya,  and  in  the  province  of  Poopo  at  Chayanta,  Potosi,  Porca 
Tazna,  Chorolque,  Chocaya,  and  Catagaita. 

There  are  four  tin  producing  districts,  namely .  La  Paz  in  the  north; 
Oniro  in  the  center;  Chorolque  in  the  south,  and  Potosi  in  the  east. 

Bolivia  occupies  the  first  place  among  bismuth  producing  countries. 
Bismuth  and  tin  are  closely  related,  are  often  found  combined,  and 
aboimd  in  the  same  zones  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  Andes  to  Apolo- 
bainba,  and  at  Palca,  Chacaltaya,  Huajma  Potosi,  Sorata,  etc. 
Bismuth  is  also  found  in  the  cordilleras  of  the  Chorolque  and  Tazna. 

It  can  be  said  without  exaggeration  that  of  the  mineral  wealth  of 
Bolivia,  copper  represents  one  of  the  most  important  products,  due 
to  its  abundance  and  grade.  The  cupriferous  formations  are  found 
mainly  in  the  eastern  chain  of  the  Andes  from  Lipez,  where  whito 
copper  is  found,  Porco,  Chayanta  in  the  Department  of  Potosi;  in 
Arque  and  Colcha  in  the  Department  of  Cochabamba,  and  through 
Turco,  Poopo,  and  Oruro,  thence  to  the  northwest  in  the  direction 
of  Corocoro,  passing  through  Chacarilla.  From  Corocoro  it  extends 
through  the  province  of  Omasuyos,  Munecas,  and  Caupolican,  to  the 
boundary  line  of  Peru  through  Apolobamba.  The  Corocoro  copper 
district  is  the  richest  and  most  actively  exploited  of  the  copper  zones 
of  Bolivia. 

These  5  minerals — gold,  silver,  tin,  bismuth,  and  copper — consti- 
tute the  cliief  mineral  wealth  of  Bolivia,  though  other  mineral  sub- 
stances, such  as  wolfram,  antimony,  lead,  borate  of  lime,  etc.,  aboimd. 

The  mining  law  of  Bolivia  protects  foreign  capitalists,  who  enjoy 
all  kinds  of  pri\'ileges  in  the  exploitation  of  mines.  All  foreigners 
may  acquire  mining  claims  on  the  same  conditions  as  BoUvian  citizens. 
All  machinery  imported  for  use  in  the  mining  and  agricultural  in- 
dustries is  free  of  duty,  and  all  ores  are  exported  free  of  export  duties^ 
except  copper,  tin,  silver,  gold,  and  bismuth,  which  are  subject  to  a 
small  export  tax. 

All  persons,  native  or  foreign,  who  enjoy  civil  rights,  may  secure 
one  or  more  mining  claims  by  a  single  concession,  in  the  case  of  known 
33228— Bull.  3—08 4 


524     INTERNATIONAL.   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

ores,  and  30  mining  claims  in  the  case  of  minerals  recently  discovered. 
A  mining  claim  comprises  100  square  meters. 

In  order  to  obtain  the  grant  of  one  or  more  mining  claims,  it  is 
necessary  to  file  an  application  before  the  proper  prefect  or  delegate, 
made  on  stamped  paper,  of  20  holivianoSj  and  in  addition  paying  for 
each  mining  claim  2  bolivianos  semiannually,  if  the  mine  is  on  a  vein, 
and  1  bolinianOj  if  the  mine  is  a  placer  or  deposit. 

The  application  shall  state:  (1)  The  name,  residence,  and  occupa- 
tion of  the  applicant;  (2)  the  name  by  which  the  concession  shall  be 
called;  (3)  the  location  of  the  mining  claim,  specifying  the  direction 
and  distance  with  respect  to  some  fixed  or  given  point;  (4)  the  num- 
ber of  mining  claims;  (5)  the  mining  district  of  the  claims,  stating 
whether  it  is  already  known  as  such  or  whether  it  is  a  recently  dis- 
covered zone ;  (6)  the  names  of  the  adjoining  mine  owners,  should  there 
be  any,  and  (7)  the  name  of  the  owner  of  the  land,  if  the  land  belongs 
to  a  private  person. 

Mines  can  be  freely  exploited,  provided  the  owners  or  managers 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  mining  law,  special  care  being 
taken  not  to  endanger  the  life  or  health  of  the  laborers,  nor  to  dis- 
turb public  health  and  order. 

Miners'  wages  are  approximately  as  follows:  Crowbar  or  pick  men, 
3  to  4  bolivianos  daily;  windlass  men,  2  to  3  bolivianos  daily,  while 
less  skilled  laborers  get  from  1  to  2  bolivianos  daily. 

COMMUNICATION. 

In  August,  1907,  the  extent  of  Bolivian  railways  in  exploitation, 
was  674  kilometers,  distributed  as  follows: 

Kilo- 
meter!. 

OUagUe  to  Oruro 484 

Oyuni  to  Huanchaca 25 

Huaqui  to  La  Paz 96 

Viacha  to  Ayoayo 59 

Branches  of  these  lines 10 

Total 674 

The  wagon  roads  of  the  Republic  have  a  length  of  3,716  kilometers. 
Navigable  rivers  within  Bolivian  territory  have  a  length  of  18,820 
kilometers,  or  10,156  maritime  miles. 

OPERATIONS  OF  THE  MINT,  FIBST  HALF  OF  1907. 

According  to  a  table  published  in  the  September,  1907,  numl>er  of 
the  ^^Revista  del  Ministerio  de  Colonizacion  y  Agri/mltura,''  of  the 
Republic  of  Bolivia,  the  operations  of  the  national  mint  diuing  the 
first  half  of  the  year  1907  were  as  follows:  Redemption  of  coins,  341 
kilograms  and  500  grams,  valued  at  15,657.53  bolivianos  ($7,848.76): 
expenditures  on  materials,  2,043.14  bolivianos  ($1,021.57);  coinage.. 
1,124  kilograms  and  125  grams,  or  48,943.06  bolivianos  ($24,471.54). 


BRAZIL. 


525 


STATISTICAL  DATA. 

Taking  as  a  basis  the  census  of  1900,  the  population  of  the  Republic 
on  September  1,  1906,  was  1,953,916  inhabitants. 

The  revenues  of  the  Repubhc  are  divided  into  national,  depart- 
mental, and  municipal.  The  national  revenues  consist  of  receipts 
from  custom-houses,  export  duties,  taxes  on  stock  and  mining  com- 
panies, consular  invoices,  mortgages,  trade-marks,  mining  concessions, 
stamped  and  sealed  paper,  the  coinage  of  money,  State  telegraphs, 
sale  of  Government  lands,  post-office  boxes  and  postage  stamps,  uni- 
versity degrees,  etc. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  departmental  and  municipal  receipts  for 
1907  amounted  to  13,583,333  bolivianos  ($6,791,666),  and  the  expend- 
itures to  14,614,288  bolivianos  ($7,307,144). 

During  the  last  few  years  the  national  revenues  have  been  increased, 
due  to  the  pa^^ment  of  the  Brazilian  and  Chilean  indemnizations,  by, 
approximately,  $19,350,000,  or  28^700,000  bolivianos^  an  amount  that 
will  be  used  exclusively  in  the  construction  of  railroads. 

Bolivia  does  not  belong  to  the  Universal  Telegraph  Union,  and 
her  relations  with  other  countries  are  wholly  determined  by  her  recip- 
rocal interests.  Nevertheless,  she  has  made  treaties  and  agree- 
ments with  different  South  American  nations,  and  with  private  per- 
sons, for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  and  guaranteeing  this  service. 


BRAZIL. 

COFFEE   EXPORTS.  100O-1007. 

The  following  table  shows  the  exports  of  Brazilian  coffee  during 
the  period  1900  to  1907: 


Year.  ,  Bags. 

1900 ,  .').849,n4  ' 

1901 9.613.080 

1902 8. 714. 1X2 

1903 7.994.190  j 


Year.                           ,  Bags. 

I  — 

1904 6,571,609 

1905 7,453,762 

1906 10. 166, 257 

1907 !  11,470,116 


FOREIGN  COMMERCE,  ELEVEN  MONTHS  OF  1907. 

For  the  eleven  months  January  to  November  of  the  calendar  year 
1907,  total  imports  into  Brazil  aggregated  $183,000,000,  as  com- 
pared with  $146,000,000  in  1906. 

Exports  for  the  two  periods  under  comparison  were,  respectively, 
$252,000,000  and  $238,000,000. 

Coffee  and  rubber  together  figure  up  over  $192,000,000  on  the 
exports  list,  the  valuations  being,  respectively,  $131,000,000  and 
$61,000,000. 


526      INTEBNATIONAIi  BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


NATIVE  MANTTFACTXJItlNa  INDUSTRIES. 

The  manufacturing  industries  of  the  Republic  are  shown  in  the 
following  table  giving  the  estimated  number  of  industrial  establish- 
ments in  each  State  and  the  aggregate  capital  invested  therein: 


state. 

^'^T^^l  Amount  01 
tabl^-     <^^^^^' 

1 

State. 

^'^^f    Amount  (*f 
ments.         ™'***^ 

Federal  distrlDt 

1 
eOO  1  Mi,  220,000 

1S4 '  3e,  01 0,000 

ISS       10,(^0,000 
100       13, 420,0^0 
215  1    11,2^^0,000 
130  1      9,150,000 
26  1      3,fleO,0(K> 

m      g,S9g,ooo 

^  <      2,44a|CO0 
A23        S,m,OOQ 
140        2,a&2.000 

1  AlaBOft*,,.  ,,...**-*,,.*... 

30        t2,074,a» 
33          1,2&1.000 

S&o  Paolo...... ,.,,,,, 

1  Pamh J  ba  do  NorU.  „ . . . , 

1  Cftftm.. ........H,., -...-,. 

Hlo  de  Janeiro , .  * . 

25          l,12i,O0D 
15              TI&,D0O 

PfirndTntmco.  .^...... .. 

Amazonas .,.. 

Rio  Ora.tid(tdo  Sul,.... 

Serglpo. ....^.^ 

26          l,T3S,OnO 
T             701,000 

15             274,QCO 
fi                00^000 

Bahln ....„.„...-.... 

Flaufty,..  „.„ 

Rio  GnBucie  do  Norte.,,.. 
EnplTtto  aanto, ,, .  ,„.,.., 

MarEtatuBuo,  .,..i,...,.,^**.. 

PJtrATJfi.. . 

Fata - 

Mlnaa  Gcta^ 

TotftI ._ 

2,3fl7       l<$S,.M9tO0O 

Santa  Catbarina ........... 

Those  products  given  as  the  most  important  in  each  State  were  as 
follows: 

Federal  district:  Textiles,  cordage,  furniture,  white  clothing,  lum- 
ber and  cabinet  work,  hats,  umbrellas,  shoes,  soap,  candles,  chemical 
products,  preserved  food,  beer,  chocolate,  biscuits,  glass,  paper,  and 
leather  goods. 

S&o  Paulo :  Same  as  in  the  Federal  district,  and,  in  addition,  sugar, 
lard,  lime,  cement,  and  agricultural  implements. 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul :  Same  as  in  the  Federal  district,  and,  in  addition, 
meat  products,  wines,  iron  safes,  stoves  and  other  foundry  products, 
and  agricultural  implements. 

Minas  Geraes:  Same  as  in  the  Federal  district,  and,  in  addition, 
dairy  products,  meat  products,  lime  and  cement,  wax,  and  iron-foun- 
dry products. 

Bahia:  Same  as  in  the  Federal  district,  and,  in  addition,  tobacco 
manufactures,  sugar,  and  wax. 

Alagoas:  Textiles,  sugar,  leather,  and  wine. 

Santa  Catharina:  Same  as  in  the  Federal  district,  and,  in  addition, 
alcoholic  products,  berve-matte,  and  tobacco. 

Parana:  Same  as  in  Santa  Catharina,  and,  in  addition,  matches. 

Rio  de  Janeiro:  Same  as  in  the  Federal  district,  and,  in  addition, 
dairy  products. 

Pemambuco:  Textiles,  sugar,  leather,  shoes,  food  products,  and 
tobacco. 

Sergipe:  Same  as  in  Pernambuco. 

Para:  Textiles,  beer,  soap,  chocolate,  and  wax. 

Parahyba:  Same  as  in  Pernambuco. 

Ceara:  Textiles. 

Amazonas,  Maranhao,  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  Piauhy,  and  E^pirito 
Santo:  Miscellaneous. 


BRAZIL.  527 

EXPORTS  OF  BUBBER,  SECOND  HALF  OF  1007. 

The  exports  of  rubber  from  the  ports  of  Para,  Manaos,  and  Iqiii- 
tos  during  the  last  half  of  1907  were  as  follows: 


To 
Europe. 

To 
New  York. 

Fine 

KOos. 
4,735,763 

KUot, 
3,147,713 

Medium 

505, 915 

627,845 

Coarse .  .        

.  .     .      1,387,714 

1,776,720 

Caoutchouc 

1,499,813 

186,171 

Total 

8,216,205 

5,732,449 

1 

General  total 

13,948,664 

IMMIOBATION  STATISTICS. 

The  number  of  immigrants  at  the  port  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  during 
the  year  1907  was  31,173,  or  4,026  more  than  last  year.  During  the 
month  of  December  alone  there  entered  4,236,  or  1,514  more  than  in 
the  same  month  of  1906.  The  number  of  voluntary  immigrants 
arriving  in  Brazil  in  1907  was  9,339  greater  than  the  average  of  the 
last  seventeen  years. 

CUSTOMS  RECEIPTS  AT  PABA,  1907. 

The  inspector  of  customs  at  Para  reports  that  the  total  receipts  at 
that  Brazilian  port  of  entry  during  1907  aggregated  9.373 :600$794, 
gold,  and  22.575:5108099,  paper. 

TBADE  OF  SANTOS  IN  1007. 

The  total  value  of  foreign  commerce  through  the  port  of  Santos 
during  1907  was  represented  by  exports  valued  at  $107,000,000  and 
imports  worth  $42,000,000  as  compared  with  $101,000,000,  and 
$32,000,000  for  the  two  branches  of  trade  in  the  preceding  year. 

The  leading  items  of  import  were  iron  and  steel  manufactures, 
foodstuffs  and  textiles,  while  the  bulk  of  exports  was  composed  of 
coffee,  bran,  hides,  and  rubber,  occupying  but  a  limited  proportion 
of  the  total  export  valuation. 

ADHEBENCE  TO  THE  SANITABT  CONVENTION. 

The  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics  is  informed  through  the 
Department  of  State  of  the  United  States  that  on  January  9,  1908, 
the  President  of  Brazil  issued  the  following  decree  whereby  the  rati- 
fication by  Brazil  of  the  International  Sanitary  Convention  of  Wash- 
ington was  officially  promulgated. 

''The  President  of  the  Republic  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil: 
"  I  make  known  that  the  National  Congress  has  decreed  and  given 
sanction  to  the  followingr  resolution: 


528      INTERNATIONAL.  BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

^'Art.  1.  The  resolution  signed  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  by  the  Third 
International  American  Conference  on  August  23,  1906,  adhering  to 
the  International  Sanitary  Convention  of  Washington  and  putting  its 
precepts  into  practice  is  approved. 

''Art.  2.  The  provisions  to  the  contrary  are  revoked. 

BRAZILIAN  HEMP. 

The  Agronomic  Institute  of  the  State  of  Sao  Paulo  calls  attention 
to  a  new  fiber  extracted  from  a  plant  called  hehisco,  that  has  been  cul- 
tivated by  Dr.  Victorio  A.  de  Perini  at  the  Rodeio  Station,  and  which, 
in  the  opinion  of  the  institute,  grows  spontaneously  in  the  northern 
States  of  the  Republic  drained  by  the  San  Francisco  River,  where  it  is 
known  as  ^^Papoula  do  San  Francisco^ ^  and  ^^Papoula  do  Rio  Ahaixoy 
The  report  made  by  the  director  of  the  Agronomic  Institute  of  Cam- 
pinas contains  the  following  data: 

Doctor  Perini  sent  to  the  aforesaid  institute  for  analysis  a  sample  of 
the  fiber  weighing  about  20  grams  and  the  corresponding  wast«, 
weighing  about  4^  grams.  Doctor  Perini  says  this  sample  is  of 
medium  quality,  but  states  that  the  process  which  he  adopted  did  not 
produce  fibers  much  stronger  than  those  obtained  by  the  institute  in 
the  experiment  made  for  the  purpose  of  extracting  the  fiber  by  the  use 
of  stagnant  and  running  water. 

The  Government  has  granted  a  concession  to  a  private  company  for 
the  exploitation  of  said  plant,  and  the  governor  of  the  State  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro  has  given  an  annual  subsidy  of  30  contos  of  reis  for  four  years 
for  the  establishment  of  a  factory  in  that  State  for  the  manufacture  of 
goods,  paper,  and  cordage  out  of  said  fiber. 

PORT  WORKS  AT  RECIFE. 

The  BraziUan  Ministry  of  Industry,  Railways  and  Public  Works 
has  issued  a  call  for  tenders  for  the  construction  of  the  Recife  port 
works,  State  of  Pernambuco,  in  accordance  with  the  plan  approved 
by  the  decree  of  November  4,  1907.  Proposals  for  the  work  will  be 
received  up  to  midday  on  March  26,  1908. 

The  specifications  include  the  construction  of  a  breakwater  1,147 
meters  long,  with  a  depth  of  9  meters  below  water  at  low  tide;  a 
mole,  with  a  total  length  of  798  meters;  quays  for  the  docking, 
loading,  and  discharging  of  ships;  raising  and  levelling  an  old  wall 
built  on  the  reefs;  a  general  dredging  of  the  harbor  to  a  depth  of  9 
meters  below  low  tide  at  the  port  entrance  and  8  meters  to  the  south 
of  the  quays;  filling  up  the  space  between  the  new  quays  and  the 
present  shore  line;  removing  the  rocks  which  obstruct  the  entrance 
to  the  harbor;  constructing  7  warehouses,  and  the  laying  of  a  rail- 
way line  of  1  meter  gauge  on  the  quays,  lines  for  electric  cranes 
and  the  pa\"ing  and  draining  of  the  streets. 


BRAZIL.  529 

The  stipulated  price  for  such  works  is  not  to  exceed  49.411:671$ 
($16»305,850)  and  six  years  are  allowed  for  the  completion  thereof, 
including  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  contract  for  the  installation 
of  the  requisite  machinery  for  commencing  active  work. 

The  full  text  of  the  specifications  and  conditions  is  published  in 
the  "Brazilian  Review'  for  Januar\'  14,  11)08. 

PLATINUM  IN  THE  REPUBLIC. 

•  The  Ouro  Preto  School  of  Mines  in  its  bulletin  for  1906,  states  that^ 
the  existence  of  platinum  in  Brazil  has  been  known  for  over  one  hun- 
dred years  and  was  for  along  time  confounded  with  palladic  gold.  It 
has  been  found  as  rare  disseminations  in  the  gold  obtained  from  the 
^^  jarutinga'^  of  Gongo  Socco  in  the  proportion  of  from  0.04  to  0.12  per 
cent;  also  in  the  auriferous  quartz  formations  of  the  crystalline 
schists  of  the  region  of  the  River  Bruscus  in  Pemambuco ;  in  associa- 
tion with  diamonds  derived  from  conglomerate  quartzites  on  the 
eastern  slopes  of  the  Serra  do  Espinha^o,  fi'om  Itamb6  de  .Matto 
Dentro  to  Itamb6  do  Serra;  and  the  River  Abaete  and  its  affluents 
of  the  left  bank,  probably  having  been  derived  from  olivine  rocks. 

In  the  first,  second,  and  fourth  sections  referred  to  the  platinum  is 
primary,  but  that  of  Serra  do  Espinha^o  is  secondary,  having 
been  deposited  from  a  solution  of  decomposed  pyrites.  It  occurs  in 
the  alluvium  of  rivers  having  their  rise  on  the  eastern  slope,  and  is 
found  in  conjunction  with  gold  in  the  Lages  stream  and  its  tribu- 
taries. The  wide  beds  of  these  streams  are  covered  by  cascalho  from 
1  to  2  meters  in  thickness,  composed  of  hard  pebbles  and  quartz  sand 
with  slate  and  a  little  white  clay,  containing  heavy  minerals  with  gold 
and  platinum,  the  former  being  identical  \\'ith  those  found  in  the 
diamond-bearing  cascalho  of  Diamantina.  The  native  platinum  is 
never  rolled,  but  appears  sometimes  as  mammillated  grains,  some- 
times in  globular  form,  but  more  frequentty  in  thin  foliated  crusts 
having  the  characteristic  structure  of  hematite.  The  specific  gravity 
of  the  platinum  is  from  18.13  to  20.48,  showing  it  to  be  very  pure. 
The  deposits  of  this  section  do  not  appear  to  be  very  thick,  but  they 
occupy  a  relatively  extensive  line  and  are  well  worthy  of  systematic 
exploration.  They  are  rich  in  palladium,  and  contain  no  iron,  being 
comparable  as  regards  density  to  the  Russian  platinum,  differing 
from  it  in  the  absence  of  iron. 

The  phitinum  of  the  Rio  Abaete  is  strongly  magnetic,  very  rich  in 
iron,  and  free  of  palladium.  It  occurs  in  thin  plates  strongly  rolled 
and  dissolves  readily  in  aqua  regia,  leaving  an  insoluble  residue  of 
iridosminc  and  a  few  small  insignificant  crystals  of  perowskite. 


530     INTEBNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBMCS. 

MISCELLANEOUS  NOTES. 

By  a  decree  of  January  16,  1908,  the  '^  Para  Public  Works  Company 
(Limited),"  is  authorized  to  operate  in  the  Repubhc.  The  company 
is  organized  with  a  capital  of  £62,000,  and  has  its  main  office  in 
England.  It  has  for  its  object  the  construction  and  operation  of 
pubhc  services  of  all  kinds  in  the  city  of  Belem,  State  of  Para. 

A  commission  has  been  appointed  to  prepare  a  commercial  map  of 
Brazil  for  the  Exposition  of  1908.  This  map  will  give  the  new  bound- 
ary Une  of  Brazil,  population,  products  and  transportation  facilities. 
It  will  be  published  in  Portuguese,  French,  EngUsh,  German  and 
Italian. 

On  January  8,  1908,  the  President  of  the  Republic  approved  the 
plans  and  estimates  for  the  improvement  works  of  the  port  of  Mas- 
siambu,  State  of  Santa  Catharina,  and  the  branch  road  connecting 
the  port  with  the  D.  Thereza  Christina  Railway. 

On  January  4,  1908,  the  National  Congress  voted  an  appropriation 
of  2,400  contos  (approximately  $720,000)  to  finish  building  the 
national  library  and  furnishing  the  same. 

The  Brazilian  Congress  has  also  opened  a  special  credit  of  300 
contos  (about  $90,000)  for  the  expenses  consequent  upon  the  holding 
of  the  Fourth  Latin-American  Medical  Congress  at  Rio  in  1909. 

•According  to  figures  furnished  by  the  Board  of  Health  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  there  was  a  marked  decrease  in  the  mortahty  of  that  city 
for  1907,  notwithstanding  a  considerable  growth  in  population.  The 
mortality  for  1906  and  1907  was  13,960  and  12,106,  respectively. 

The  new  market  building,  situated  on  the  wharf  Del  Vecchio,  was 
formally  opened  on  December  14.  It  covers  an  area  of  22,500  square 
meters. 

CHILE. 

CUSTOMS  BEVENXJES  DURING  1907. 

Customs  receipts  at  the  various  ports  of  the  Republic  of  Chile  for 
the  calendar  year  1907  aggi^egated  120,305,347.90  pesos  ($40,101,- 
782.63),  showing  an  increase  of  6,989,109.32  pe^os  ($2,329,703.10) 
when  compared  with  the  sum  of  113,316,238.58  pesos  ($37,772,079.52) 
collected  in  1906.  The  revenues  during  the  month  of  December, 
1907,  amounted  to  12,734,256.90  pesos  ($4,244,752.33),  as  compared 
with  12,009,435.32  in  the  same  month  of  1906. 

APPROPRIATION  FOR  QOVERNMENT  RAILROADS  IN  1908. 

The  total  appropriation  for  expenditures  of  the  Government  Rail- 
roads during  the  year  1908  amounts  to  46,406,250.50  pesos  ($15,468,- 
750A7),  distributed  as  follows  among  the  diflFerent  lines: 


CHILE.  531 

r    ' 

Line.  Pesos. 

.  .     .  _     ...     I 

Central  system  (Red  Central) i  43, 806, 250. 50 

Chanaral  Railroad 635,000.00 

HuaiHJo  Railroad .• '        225,000.00 

Coquimbo  Railroad I    1, 320, 000. 00 

Toneoi  Railroad i        170,000.00 

LosVllos 160,000.00 

Total i  46,406.250.60 

CONSTRUCTION  OF  THE  LONGITTJDINAL  RAILWAY  AUTHORIZED. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  decree  authorizing  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Longitudinal  Railway,  promulgated  January  23,  1908:     ' 

"Article  1.  The  President  of  the  Republic  is  authorized  for  a 
period  of  three  years  to  contract,  at  a  fixed  price,  in  whole  or  in  part, 
the  survey,  construction,  and  equipment  of  the  railways  necessary  to 
connect  the  city  of  Ligua  with  the  ports  of  Papudo  and  Arica.  The 
line  between  Ligua  and  Copiapo  shall  be  completed  before  the  expira- 
tion of  five  years. 

''Art.  2.  The  total  price  of  the  works  shall  not  exceed  £7,500,000, 
and  shall  be  paid  with  an  accumulative  sinking  fund  that  shall  not  be 
less  than  one-half  of  1  per  cent  per  annum.  Until  said  price  is  paid, 
the  contractors  shall  operate  the  railway  lines  for  their  own  account, 
in  accordance  with  tariflFs  approved  by  the  Government,  the  State 
guaranteeing  them  interest  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent  per  annum. 

''Art.  3.  The  lease  of  the  intermediate  Government  railway  lines 
between  Ligua  and  Chanaral,  referred  to  in  article  1,  during  their 
exploitation  by  the  contractors,  is  hereby  authorized. 

"Art.  4.  The  President  of  the  Republic  is  authorized,  for  a  period 
of  one  year,  to  construct  the  railways  from  Curico  to  Llico,  and  from 
Arbol  to  Pichilemu,  at  a  fiixed  price,  for  sums  not  exceeding  J, 500,000 
pesos  gold  of  a  value  of  18d.,  in  the  first  instance,  and  2,500,000  pesos 
of  the  same  money,  in  the  second  instance. 

"Art.  5.  Private  and  mimicipal  lands  required  in  the  construction 
of  the  aforesaid  railways,  their  stations  and  annexes,  in  accordance 
with  the  plans  approved  by  the  President  of  the  Republic,  are  hereby 
declared  to  be  subject  to  expropriation. 

"The  expropriation  shall  be  effected  in  accordance  with  the  law 
of  June  18,  1857,  and  the  proceedings  relating  thereto  may  be  com- 
menced within  the  term  of  five  years. 

"The  materials  necessary  for  the  construction  of  the  railway  lines 
referred  to  in  article  1,  and  for  the  exploitation  of  the  same  for  a 
period  of  five  years,  shall  be  free  of  import  duties.  The  President 
of  the  RepubUc  shall  determine  the  class  and  quantity  of  the  free 
articles. 

"Art.  6.  The  inversion  of  3,000,000  of  pesos  in  the  expropriation 
of  lands,  technical  inspection  and  other  expenses  of  the  railways 


532      INTERNATIONAL.   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

authorized  by  the  foregoing  articles,  and  of  300,000  pesos  for' the 
study  of  the  ports,  is  hereby  authorized. 

**Art.  7.  The  expropriation  by  the  contractors  of  the  line  from 
Ligua  to  the  port  of  Arica,  shall  be  in  conformity  with  the  law  of 
August  6,  1862. 

'^Art.  8.  Contracts  made  in  conformity  with  the  present  law,  are 
not  assignable  without  the  consent  of  the  President  of  the  Republic. 

''The  contractors  and  their  representatives,  even  though  they  be 
foreign^s  and  nonresidents  of  Chile,  shall  be  considered  as  domiciled 
in  the  Republic  and  subject  to  the  laws  of  the  country  the  same  as 
though  they  were  Chileans  in  everything  relating  to  said  contracts, 
it  being  understood  that  the  contractors  or  the  persons  acquiring 
their  rights  shall  not  have  recourse  to  diplomatic  intervention  in  any 
question  that  may  arise  in  connection  therewith. '^ 

GBOWTH  OF  THE  MERCHANT  MARINE. 

United  States  Consul  Alfred  A.  Winslow,  of  Valparaiso,  reports 
that  the  Chilean  merchant  marine  is  increasing  very  rapidly,  and  at 
present  is  exceeded  by  that  of  only  one  South  American  country — 
Brazil — which  has  a  tonnage  of  211,194  against  156,316  for  Chile. 
Of  the  Chilean  shipping  107,727  tons  are  steam  and  48,589  sail.  It  is 
mostly  engaged  in  the  west  coast  trade  of  South  America.  During 
the  year  1906  there  was  an  increase  of  30,122  tons  in  vessels  flying  the 
Chilean  flag. 

RECEIPTS  AND  EXPENDITURES  IN  1907. 

On  October  28,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  stated  that  his  prede- 
cessor in  office  had  estimated  the  receipts  for  1907  as  follows: 

Balance  from  1906 $13,  583,  490.  73 

Ordinary  receipts 147,  500, 000. 00 

Special  receipts 29,  500, 000. 00 

Total  in  Chilean  ciirroncy «  IfH),  583,  490.  73 

The  estimated  expenditures  for  1907  were  $193,627,373,'^  less 
$21,000,000  derived  from  appropriations  for  the  construction  of  the 
Arica  to  Alto  de  La  Paz  Railway  aryd  the  tewen-  of  Santiago,  thus 
reducing  the  expenditures  of  the  budget  to  $172,000,000.  It  should 
be  noted,  however,  that  the  expemes  authorized  by  ^pecial  laws 
amounted  to  $11,610,485.57,  probably  making  the  expenditures  at 
the  end  of  1907,  $184,437,798,  and  cash  on  hand  to  the  amount  of 
$66,645,991.97,  Chilean  currency. 

_    _  _»  !.  _        _  _        _ 

«  $63,500,000,  appro^timarely.  b  $64,500,000.  approximately. 


CHILE.  533 


COAL  MINES. 


From  the  'Boletin  de  la  Sodedad  Nadonal  de  Mineriaj'  for  October 
and  November,  1907,  the  following  information  concerning  the  coal 
lands  of  Chile  has  been  obtained. 

The  coal  at  present  mined  in  Chile  has  been  almort  unanimously 
classified  as  "lignite,"  but  there  are  other  kinds  of  coal  which  can 
not  be  so  classified. 

The  analysis  of  the  coal  produced  in  the  province  of  Arauco  shows 
that  this  coal  has  a  caloric  value  equal  to  from  92  to  93.8  per  cent  of 
the  English  coal  from  louth  and  north  Wales.  A  comparison  with 
Australian  coal  shows  results  still  more  favorable  to  the  Chilean  prod- 
uct, which  is  also  superior  to  the  best  Japanese  coal.  Finally  it  may 
be  said  that,  judging  from  the  investigations  and  experiments  made 
both  in  Europe  and  Chile  with  Chilean  coal,  the  superiority  of  the 
latter  over  European  lignites  has  been  fully  demonstrated. 

After  due  investigation  it  may  be  stated  that  there  are  in  the 
Republic  coal  deposits  that  can  produce  an  excellent  quality  of  coke, 
which  may  possibly  serve  for  the  smelting  of  iron  ores,  and  which  is 
assuredly  suitable  for  the  reduction  of  some  other  minerals.  An 
anthracite  zone  having  been  discovered  in  Chile,  such  as  the  deposits 
of  Quilacoya  and  Huimpil,  the  coal  of  which  contains  a  large  propor- 
tion of  fLxed  carbon  and  ver}-  little  volatile  matter,  there  is  no  doubt 
that  the  mixture  of  the  products  of  this  zone  with  certain  coals  from 
the  coast,  would  produce  a  good  quality  of  coke. 

The  deposits  that  are  at  present  being  mined  are  situated  in  the 
southern  coast  of  the  Republic,  in  a  zone  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  northern  shores  of  the  Talcahuano  Gulf,  on  the  south  by  the  port 
of  Lebu,  on  the  east  by  the  Cordilleras  of  the  coast,  or  those  of  Nahu- 
elbuta,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  most  important 
deposits  extend  a  considerable  distance  under  the  sea,  and  a  coal 
mine  is  also  being  exploited  in  the  Territory  of  Magellanes,  near 
Punta  Arenas. 

Notwithstanding  the  rich  coal  mines  of  the  Republic,  from  1901  to 
the  first  half  of  1906,  Chile  made  the  following  importations  of  coal 
for  home  consumption: 


Year. 

English 
coal. 

AuHtralian 
coal. 

Tons. 
497,379 
399,427 
485,334 
457,020 
489,337 
159.767 

American  i 
coal. 

Tons. 
33,150 
34,887 
6,825 
11,323 
4,600  , 
1 

Total. 

l&Ol...^ 

!n02 

1903 

1904 

1905 

First  half  of  loot..    . 

Tons. 

360,082 

395,024 

317, 495 

445, 742 

598,438 

172.781 

Tons. 
890,611 
829,338 
809,654 
914,065 

1,092,376 
332.548 

Total. 

j 

1 

4,868,611 

1 

1 

534     INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

NATIONAL  SHOE  AND  LEATHER  EXPOSITION  OF  1907. 

The  ^^Boletin  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  FcibrU/^  of  Santiago, 
Chile,  publishes  in  its  issue  for  December,  1907,  an  interesting  account 
of  the  National  Shoe  and  Leather  Exposition  of  1907  inaugurated  in 
Santiago  on  the  18th  of  October,  1907.  This  exposition  has  served  to 
show  that  the  shoe  and  leather  industries  of  the  Republic  are  at  pre- 
sent in  a  remarkable  condition  of  progress  and  perfection,  and  the  ex- 
hibits of  their  manufactured  products  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
pubUc  in  general.  The  number  of  factories  participating  in  the  ex- 
position was  23,  in  which  are  included  shoe  factories  and  tanning 
estabUshments  as  well. 

The  following  figures  represent  the  total  production,  capital,  etc.,  of 
said  factories: 

Annual  production  of  tanned  and  sole  leather,  160,000  pesos;  daily- 
production  of  boots  and  shoes  5,670  pairs,  number  of  workingmen 
employed  in  the  factories,  3,510,  total  capital  invested,  16,490,000 
pesos. 

Besides  these,  there  are  in  the  Republic  many  other  shoe  and  leather 
factories,  the  total  capital  of  which  is  estimated  at  about  34,000,000 
pesos. 

With  these  figures  in  view,  an  idea  may  be  formed  of  what  the  shoe 
and  leather  industries  of  Chile  represent,  the  capitals  invested  being 
estimated  at  the  kninimum  amount  of  50,000,000  pesos.  These  two 
industries  promote  and  give  Ufe  to  several  other  important  ones,  such 
as  the  preparation  of  tanning  woods,  lime,  etc.,  and  the  manufacture 
of  pasteboard  boxes,  the  total  annual  production  of  which  industries 
ranges  from  12,000,000  to  15,000,000  pesos. 

COMMEBCIAL  TREATY  WITH  DENMARK. 

The  Chilean  ^^Diario  OfidaV^  for  November  29,  1907,  publishes 
the  text  of  a  commercial  treaty  ratified  at  Berlin  on  April  9,  1907, 
whereby  reciprocal  most-favored-nation  treatment  is  provided  for 
between  the  Governments  of  Cliile  and  Denmark,  in  all  that  concerns 
commerce  and  navigation. 

It  is  agreed,  however,  that  any  special  reductions  of  customs 
duties,  or  any  commercial  privileges,  as  well  as  special  concessions 
in  the  matter  of  port  and  mole  duties  and  navigation  dues,  which 
may  be  accorded  by  Chile  to  other  Central  or  South  American  Stat<?s, 
exclusively,  can  not  be  claimed  by  Denmark  under  the  most-favored- 
nation  clause  of  the  treaty. 

Both  contracting  parties  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  to  alter 
the  laws  and  regulations  respecting  coasting  trade  in  favor  of  the 
national  shipowners,  Chile  being  able  to  extend  concessions  to  the 
shipowners  of  the  Central  and  South  American  States  and  Denmark 
to  the  Scandinavian  States,  without  reciprocally  mutual  exemptions. 
so  long  as  they  are  not  extended  to  States  other  than  those  mentioned. 


(HILE.  535 

COMMERCE  OF  TALTAL. 

In  the  first  seven  months  of  1907  the  custom-house  receipts  at 
Taltal  amounted  to  3,687,688  pesos,  which  indicates  a  steady  yearly 
increase  in  the  receipts  of  said  port,  as  is  shown  by  the  following 
statement  from  the  Chilean  Customs  Bulletin  (^'Boletin  Ofidal  de  la 
Superintendencia  de  Aduanas^*) : 

'*In  1902  the  value  of  the  imports  through  the  custom-house  at 
Taltal  amounted  to  1,327,188  pesos,  while  that  of  1906  amounted  to 
6,995,204  pesos,  which  represents  nearly  six  times  the  value  of  the 
imports  of  1902.  During  the  five  years  from  1902  to  1906,  the  value 
of  the  imports  of  merchandise  amounted  to  20,500,000  pesos, 

''From  1902  to  1906,  the  value  of  the  exports^shows  an  increase  of 
more  than  150  per  cent,  inasmuch  as  in  1902  the  value  of  exports 
amounted  to  294,758  pesos,  while  in  1906  it  amounted  to  25,043,746 
pesos,  or  a  total  of  81,063,903  pseos  in  the  five  years  to  which  refer- 
ence has  been  made. 

'The  value  of  the  imports  in  coastwise  commerce  in  1902  amounted 
to  4,003,287  pesos,  and  that  of  the  exports  amounted  to  593,211 
pesos,  while  in  1906  the  value  of  the  former  amoimted  to  15,759,583 
pesos,  and  that  of  the  latter  1,211,401  pesos, 

'^  In  1902  the  custom-house  receipts  at  Taltal  amounted  to  3,248,187 
pesos,  and  in  1906  to  7,376,552  pesos,  the  total  receipts  during  the 
five  years  being  25,633,757  pesos. 

EXCHANGE  OF   INTERNATIONAL   POSTAL   MONEY   OBDEBS  WITH 

JAPAN. 

The  exchange  of  international  postal  money  orders  between  Chile 
and  Japan  has  been  established  since  the  1st  of  January,  1908.  The 
mone}^  orders  may  be  drawn  on  any  point  of  Japan,  including  the 
islands  of  Formosa,  Pescadores,  and  Japanese  Sakhalien,  and  they 
must  be  made  in  francs  and  centimes  in  accordance  with  the  pre- 
scribed equivalents.  The  maximum  of  the  value  shall  be  1,000 
francs. 

PAYMENT  OF  OiPOBT  AND  STOBAGE  DUTIES. 

A  law  of  the  Chilean  National  Congress,  passed  on  the  9th  of 
Septomber,  1907,  and  published  in  the  '^Diario  Oficial^^  of  the  11th 
of  the  same  month,  provides  that  the  payment  of  import  and  storage 
duties  shall  be  made  in  paper  money  with  the  respective  surcharge, 
in  the  manner  prescribed  by  Law  No.  1992  of  August  27,  1907. 


536      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

COLOMBIA. 

NEW  CABINET. 

On  March  10,  1908,  the  following  new  Cabinet  was  appointed: 
Minister  of  the  Interior,  Senor  Don  Francisco  Jose  Urrutia;  Min- 
ister of  Foreign  Relations,  Senor  Don  Marcelino  Vargas;  Minister 
of  Finance  and  Treasury,  Senor  Don  Ricardo  Restrepo;  Minister 
of  War,  General  Victor  Calderon;  Minister  of  Public  Instruction, 
Seflor  Don  Emiliano  Isaza;  Minister  of  Public  Works,  Seftor  Don 
Jose  Maria  Ruiz. 

TRADE  OF  CARTAGENA,  1907. 

Data  furnished  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Repub- 
lics by  United  States  Consul  I.  A.  Manning  show  increased  ship- 
ments from  Colombia  through  the  port  of  Cartagena  for  the  year 
1907,  as  compared  with  1906,  of  the  leading  items  of  Colombian 
export. 

CofFee  shipments  increased  by  3,988,647  kilograms;  tobacco, 
2,267,151;  ivory  nuts,  1,968,816,  and  rubber,  20,052. 

The  distribution  of  these  exports  was  as  follows: 


[Expressed  in  kilograms.] 


United 
1906. 

States.      United  Kingdom. 

Germany.                 France.        Other  countrie«. 

1907.          1906.    1      1907. 

1906.           1907.          1006.        1907.    •    1906. 

1907. 

Coffee 

Tobacco . . 

4,432,603   7.404.329   783,511  |l,346,662 

740,711 
1.713,660 

1, 862, 574 
40,751 

1,119. '299     31,344     68.472       9.6fl5 
3,980,811    

47. 7« 

Ivory 
nuts 

7,628 
86,399 

440,772    1      53.031 

86,569     72.787  I      77,360 

3,422,964  1591.438   505.589    . 

Rubber... 

36,352  :  33,943     43,750    

9.901 

Imports  at  Cartagena  for  the  years  ending  June  30,  1906  and 
1907,  show  the  following  valuations  for  articles  of  Ignited  States 
origin  and  of  other  countries  taken  together. 


[Expressed  in  kilograms.] 


Machinery,  except  sewing  machines . 

Books,  printed 

Canned  goods 

Cement 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Flour,  wheat 

►Sewing  machines 

oil,  kerosene 

Prepared  foods 

Rice. 


Tallow 

Lard 

wire  fencing. 


United  States. 
1906.  1907. 


AU  countries. 


195.518 

5.338 

Gl.411 

22,850 

95('>,019 

,  875. 526 

22.700 

,241,811 


794. 799 
80,100 
491,946 
622,966 


238.  .'«4 
1.598 

20.354 
109.455 
121,980 
572. 100 

80.879 
923.889 

32. 505 
133,884 

82,985 

'22,211 
608,781 


1906. 


•283.158 

12.371 

125.075 

682.820 

1.239.225 

1.944.326 

25.609 

1.248.615 


3,993,309 
81.371 
491.058 
641.017 


407.805 

14,917 

75.  ♦iS 

1.133.5bi^ 

443.554 

5r3.*i7l* 

ht.ok; 

'.»/>25 

2.407.904 
101.9^ 


COLOMBIA.  537 

TREATY  OF  AMITY,  COMMEBCE,  AND  NAVIGATION  WITH  ECUADOB. 

The  official  bulletin  of  the  Department  of  Foreign  Relations  of 
Colombia  publishes  in  its  issue  for  January,  1908,  the  text  of  the 
treaty  of  amity,  commerce,  and  navigation  between  said  Republic 
and  that  of  Ecuador,  signed  on  the  10th  of  August,  1905,  the  exchange 
of  ratifications  taking  place  in  the  city  of  Quito  on  October  24, 
1907. 

In  article  1  of  the  treaty  it  is  agreed  that  there  shall  be  peace  and 
perpetual  friendship  between  the  two  Republics.  Article  2  provides 
for  the  extradition  of  criminals.  The  high  contracting  parties  agree 
in  article  3  not  to  resort  to  arms,  in  case  the  friendly  relations  between 
them  be  interrupted,  until  all  amicable  means  to  settle  such  difTer- 
ences  as  may  have  arisen  shall  have  been  exhausted  and  until  one  of 
the  parties  expressly  refuses  to  give  due  satisfaction,  after  a  friendly 
and  neutral  power  designated  as  arbiter  shall  have  awarded  the  con- 
troversy. Article  4  prescribes  that  there  shall  be  reciprocal  freedom 
of  commerce  and  navigation  between  the  two  Republics.  By  virtue 
of  article  5,  Colombian  vessels  arriving  at  ports  of  Ecuador  and, 
reciprocally,  Ecuadorian  vessels  arriving  at  ports  of  Colombia  shall 
be  considered  as  national  vessels  for  the  collection  of  port  dues. 

In  articles  6  and  8  to  1 1  are  established  reciprocal  customs  privileges 
and  franchises  for  merchandise  imported  or  exported  in  vessels  of  the 
contractingRepublics  and  for  natural  and  manufactured  products  there- 
of. Article  7  prescribes  that  all  vessels  duly  registered  in  accordance 
with  the  laws  of  the  one  country  shall  be  considered  as  national  vessels 
of  the  other.  In  accordance  with  article  1 2  imports  from  other  nations 
shall  pay  duties  as  prescribed  in  the  general  customs  tariffs.  Article 
13  provides  that  if  a  war  or  merchant  vessel  of  one  of  the  contracting 
nations  is  wrecked,  grounded,  suffers  any  damage,  or  is  in  need  of 
repairs,  etc.,  the  same  assistance  and  protection  given  to  the  ships  of 
the  harl)oring  nation  shall  be  given  her.  In  article  14  it  is  stipulated 
that  citizens  of  one  of  the  contracting  Republics  traveling  or  residing 
in  the  territory  of  the  other  shall  not  be  pressed  or  detained  with 
their  shi])s,  crews,  etc.,  for  military  expeditions,  public  or  private  use, 
etc.,  without  allowing  them  just  and  sufficient  indemnity.  By  virtue 
of  article  15,  the  citizens  of  one  Republic  shall  have  right  to  acquire 
in  the  other  real  estate  and  to  administer  it  by  themselves  or  by  agent; 
to  engage  in  any  agricultural,  mercantile  or  manufacturing  industry; 
to  practice  any  literary  or  scientific  profession,  and  to  appear  before 
the  authorities  and  courts  of  justice  in  matters  in  which  they  may  be 
interested  or  which  they  may  represent;  the  same  article  declares 
them  exempt  from  military  service  and  from  the  payment  of  com- 
pulsory loans  and  other  extraordinary  personal  taxes,  when  residing 
in  the  territory  of  the  other  Republic.  It  is  stipulated  in  article  16 
that,  in  the  event  hostilities  break  out  between  the  two  Republics ^tVsfe 


538      INTERNATIONAL,   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

citizens  of  the  one,  residents  or  transients  in  the  territor}'^  of  the  other, 
shall  not  be  compelled  to  leave  the  country  except  for  the  same  reasons 
and  through  the  same  legal  formalities  by  which  are  expelled  the 
citizens  of  the  Republic  in  which  they  reside  or  may  be  at  the  time; 
it  is  further  stipulated  that  the  hostilities  shall  not  be  carried  on 
except  by  the  duly  authorized  military  officers  and  their  commands; 
that  towns  shall  not  be  burnt  nor  sacked  nor  shall  the  lives  of  prisoners 
of  war  or  noncombatants  be  endangered,  nor  shall  the  commerce 
between  the  two  Republics  be  interrupted. 

In  order  to  prevent  diflSculties  which  might  be  occasioned  to  com- 
merce through  a  state  of  war  in  which  one  of  the  contracting  parties 
niay  find  itself  with  another  country  or  countries,  it  is  agreed  in 
article  17  by  the  two  Republics  to  recognize  and  admit  the  principle 
.that  the  flag  covers  property  and  persons,  except  combatants  of  the 
belligerent  nation.  In  article  18  it  is  provided  that  if  one  of  the  con- 
tracting Republics  should  be  in  war  with  a  third  nation,  and  the  other 
remain  neutral,  the  property  of  the  latter  and  of  her  citizens  found 
on  board  the  enemy's  ships  shall  be  subject  to  confiscation.  In  ac- 
cordance with  article  19,  neither  of  the  two  Republics  shall  render 
assistance  of  any  nature  to  the  enemies  of  the  other,  nor  shall  permit 
any  recruiting  of  troops  or  arming  or  manning  of  war  or  privateer 
vessels  to  be  made  in  her  territory.  For  the  perfect  interpretation 
of  articles  16  and  17,  the  materials  that  shall  be  considered  as  contrji- 
band  of  war  are  specified  in  article  20.  In  article  21  the  high  con- 
tracting parties  agree  to  maintain  in  force  all  Jaws  suppressing  the 
slave  trade  and  to  enact  such  measures  as  are  necessary  to  prevent  it. 
By  virtue  of  article  22,  each  of  the  contracting  Republics  may  estab- 
lish consuls  and  vice-consuls  in  the  ports  and  mercantile  places  in 
the  territory  of  the  other,  and  they  shall  be  accorded  the  same 
privileges  granted  to  those  of  the^  most-favored  nation.  Article  23 
provides  that  if  one  of  the  two  Republics  grants  another  nation  any 
privileges  in  regard  to  commerce  or  navigation,  the  same  privilege 
shall  inure  to  the  other.  In  order  to  maintain  their  friendly  relations 
on  a  firm  and  lasting  basis  the  contracting  parties  agree  in  article  24 
that  in  case  a  citizen  of  one  of  them  should  violate  any  of  the  terms 
of  the  treaty,  such  citizen  shall  be  made  personally  responsible  for 
the  violation,  and  the  relations  between  the  two  countries  shall  not 
be  interrupted.  In  article  25  it  is  agreed  that  should  one  of  the  two 
Governments  violate  any  of  the  articles  of  the  treaty,  the  other  articles 
in  regard  to  different  subjects  shall  remain  in  full  force.  It  is  stipu- 
lated in  article  26  that,  pending  the  settlement  of  the  boundary 
question  by  special  convention,  the  boundaries  fixed  in  the  Colombian 
Law  of  Jime  2^  1824,  for  the  old  Departments  of  Cauca  and  Ecuador, 
shall  be  recognized;  it  is  further  agreed  in  this  article  that  both  coim- 
tries  shall  cooperate  in  preserving  the  integrity  of  the  territory  of  the 


COLOMBIA.  539 

former  Republic  of  Colombia  belonging  to  them.     Article  27  repeals 

the  treaties  signed  in  Pasto  on  the  8th  of  December,   1832,  and 

provides  that  the  duration  of  the  articles  herein  relating  to  commerce 

and  navigation  shall  be  six  years  from  the  date  of  the  exchange 

of  ratifications;  in  accordance  with  the  same  article,  articles  1,  2, 

and  16  regarding  the  political  relations  between  the  two  coimtries 

shall  be  perpetually  in  force.     Article  28,  the  last  one  of  the  treaty, 

prescribes  the  manner  of  effecting  the  ratifications  and  the  exchange 

thereof. 

NAVIGATIOir  ON  THE  MAGDALENA  BIVEB. 

In  a  session  held  the  5th  of  December,  1908,  the  council  of  min- 
isters of  the  Colombian  Republic  resolved  that  a  decree  be  enacted 
appropriating  the  sum  of  $120,000  per  year  for  the  payment  of  sub- 
sidies assigned  to  steamboat  companies  on  the  Magdalena  River 
which  may  establish  their  export  rates  in  agreement  with  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

In  the  same  session  it  was  also  resolved  to  appropriate  the  amount 
of  $30,000  per  year  to  cover  bounties  to  be  paid  to  producers  ex- 
porting their  articles  through  the  custom-houses  of  Tumaco,  Buena- 
ventura, and  Cucuta. 

Concerning  the  new  regulations  governing  the  carrying  trade  on 
the  Magdalena  River,  United  States  Consul  I.  A.  Manning,  of  Carta- 
gena, according  to  the  ^' Daily  Consular  Report''  for  February  20, 
states  that: 

After  a  brief  trial  of  the  export  bounties  on  coffee  and  other  articles 
paid  to  the  transportation  companies  doing  the  carrying  trade  on 
the  Magdalena,  the  Government  has  suspended  the  payments,  and  in 
lieu  thereof  the  companies  will  receive  a  subsidy  of  $1,000  gold  per 
round  trip  between  Barranquilla  and  Calomar  and  El  Dorado  on  the 
upper  river,  for  which  they  will  give  a  reduction  of  freight  rates  on 
certain  articles  for  export,  which  come  almost  altogether  down  that 
route. 

The  freight  rates  up  river,  from  Barranquilla  and  Calomar  to  the 
Bodegas  de  Bogota  and  Caracola  are  $17  and  $15.75  per  metric  ton, 
respectively,  and  from  the  latter  places  down  to  Barranquilla  and 
Calomar  $12.50  and  $11.50  per  ton,  with  relative  reductions  in  inter- 
vening points. 

All  classes  of  machinery  of  an  industrial  or  agricultural  nature 
or  for  mining  uses,  all  kinds  of  tools  and  implements,  natural  and 
chemical  fertilizers,  wire  fencing,  iron  or  metal  roofing,  water  pipe, 
hydraulic  cement,  lubricating  roils,  live  plants,  and  sacks  for  coffee 
must  be  carried  at  a  discount  of  25  per  cent  from  the  above  rates, 
while  dried  fish  and  soap,  candles  and  cotton  and  woolen  goods 
manufactured  in  the  countr}^  shall  be  carried  at  a  discount  of  50  per 
cent. 

33228— Bull.  :i— 08 5 


540     INTEBNATIONAL   BUBEAU    OF    THE   AMEBIOAN   BEPUBLICS. 

Of  the  ^^ down-river  freight''  coffee  and  hides  for  export  must  be 
carried  at  a  discount  of  25  per  cent,  and  also  sugar.  Cotton,  vege- 
table fibers,  flour,  potatoes,  corn,  rice,  wheat,  and  small  fruits,  sent 
to  the  coast  for  export,  as  well  as  military  suppUes,  enjoy  a  discount 
of  70  per  cent  from  the  tariff  rates. 

First-class  passenger  from  Barranquilla  or  Cartagena  to  the  Bode- 
gas de  Bogota  $32,  with  relative  reductions  to  intervening  points. 
For  a  stateroom  on  the  steamers  there  is  a  surcharge  of  20  per  cent. 
Second-class  passengers  pay  two-thirds  of  the  regular  tariff  and 
third  class  or  ^'deckers"  pay  one-third.  P^irst-class  passengers  are 
allowed  330  pounds  of  baggage,  second  class  165  pounds,  and  third 
class  110  pounds. 

Consul  Manning  also  reports  that  the  Government  of  Colombia,  in 
addition  to  the  loan  made  to  Luis  Gieseken,  who  operates  a  line  of 
steamboats  on  the  Magdalena  River,  has  taken  stock  in  the  company 
to  the  amoimt  of.  $200,000  American  gold.  The  company  will  be 
known  as  the  Compania  de  Navegacion  del  Magdalena. 

BAILBOAD  SUBSIDIES  DT7BING  1908. 

The  following  r6sum6  of  a  railroad  report  published  in  the  '^Diario 
Oficialj^^  of  Colombia,  for  December  24,  1907,  shows  the  amounts 
to  be  paid  during  1908  by  the  Government  to  railroad  companies  on 
accoimt  of  subsidies,  interests,  and  other  expenses  on  railroad  lines 
under  exploitation  or  construction: 

Gold. 
For  payment  to  the  Girardot  Railway  Company  the  guaranty  of  interest 

on  the  sum  of  £200,000,  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent  per  annum |60, 000. 00 

For  the  payment  to  the  same  company  of  the  subsidies  for  8  kilometers 

of  railway  recently  opened  at  the  rate  of  $10,000  per  kilometer 80, 000. 00 

For  the  payment  of  the  3  units  of  the  revenues  from  the  Atlantic  custom- 
houses to  be  applied  to  the  amortization  of  bonds  of  the  National  Rail- 
way of  Occidental  Colombia 177, 884. 94 

For  the  payment  of  the  warrants  of  the  Cauca  Railroad,  with  50  per  cent 
of  the  gross  revenues  from  the  custom-houses  of  Buenaventura  and 

Tumaco 121, 942. 00 

For  payment  to  be  made  to  the  Departments  of  Cundinamarca  and  Quesada .    83,  353. 88 

For  payment  of  salaries  of  inspectors  on  Government  railroad  lines 10.  800. 00 

For  payment  of  fees  to  engineers  commissioned  by  the  Government  to 
receive  completed  railroad  lines,  and  for  other  expenditures 2, 000. 00 

Total 900, 000. 00 

SHOE  AND  LEATHER  INDUSTRY. 

Shipments  of  boots  and  shoes  to  Colombia  from  the  United  States 
during  1907  were  valued  at  $47,874,  against  $59,192  in  the  preceding 
year,  and  during  the  eighteen  months  ending  December  31.  1906,  the 
total  import  of  shoes  imported  through  this  port  was  7,896  kilos,  of 
which  5,776  kilos  came  from  the  United  wStates.  During  the  same 
period  567  kilos  of  rubber  shoes,  420  kilos  from  France,  113  fn>m  the 


COLOMBIA.  541 

United  States,  and  34  from  Germany,  were  imported.  The  United 
States  supplied  503  kilos  of  shoe  trimmings  and  England  241,  out  of 
a  total  importation  of  793  kilos.  The  imports  of  leather  during 
that  period  were  17,918  kilos,  of  which  the  United  States  suppUed 
14,296  kilos,  probably  the  greater  part  of  it  for  shoe  manufacture. 
Of  patent  leathers  England  supplied  995  kilos,  the  United  States  100 
kilos,  and  Germany  70  kilos.  A  good  tleal  of  this  was  sent  to  the 
interior  of  the  country,  and  the  proportion  of  local  consumption  is 
unknown. 

United  States  Consul  I.  A.  Manning  reports  as  follows  concerning 
shoemaking  in  Cartagena,  where,  he  states,  a  factory  was  estabUshed 
three  years  ago  and  began  with  a  capacity  of  20  pairs  daily.  Their 
market  is  principally  Cartagena,  but  they  also  ship  to  the  towns  on 
the  Sinu  and  Atrato  rivers.  The  product  is  not  up  to  the  finish  of  the 
American  shoes  of  the  same  grade,  yet  it  makes  a  fairly  good  appear- 
ance on  shelf  and  show  case.  The  wearing  quaUties  are  said  to  be 
excellent,  and  now,  with  new  machines,  they  expect  to  make  a  shoe 
that  will  compete  favorably  with  any  other  product  of  similar  charac- 
teristics. Their  ordinary  McKay  men's  black  leather  shoe  wholesales 
from  the  factory  at  $2.30  per  pair,  and  retails  here  at  $2.75.  The 
Colombian  Government  has  placed  a  protective  duty  on  shoes  which 
favors  this  factory,  the  duty  being  $1.36  per  kilo  (2.2  pounds),  which 
covers  also  weight  of  packing  and  cases. 

The  Cartagena  factory  is  an  up-to-date  plant,  equipped  with  Ameri- 
can machinery,  and  suppUed  with  American-made  patterns,  although 
most  of  the  lasts  and  patterns  were  in  French  shapes.  They  use 
American  stock  for  all  uppers,  but  the  cloth  for  lining  is  the  product 
of  the  Cartagena  cotton  factory  and  the  sole  stock  is  from  the  output 
of  their  own  tannery  at  this  place.  At  this  factory  are  manufactured 
various  grades  of  shoes  for  men,  women,  and  children  in  welts,  turns, 
and  McKays,  and  the  local  demand  is  almost  entirely  supplied  from 
the  output. 

The  factory  employs  about  30  hands,  and  has  been  putting  out  100 
pairs  per  day.  There  is  now  being  installed  a  number  of  new  Ameri- 
can machines,  including  welt  and  turn  machines,  stitcher,  slugger, 
stitch  separator,  soling  machine,  channel  machine,  and  a  rough 
rounder,  all  from  a  manufacturing  establishment  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  and 
declared  to  be  the  latest  machines  of  their  class.  The  factor}^  employs 
an  8-horsepower  kerosene  engine  (automatic),  but  will  soon  increase 
its  power.  When  the  new  machinery  is  installed,  the  capacity  will  be 
increased  to  400  pairs  per  day:  and  while  it  will  be  some  time  before 
it  will  likely  be  run  to  its  full  capacity,  the  output  will  be  very  mate- 
rially increased  immediately,  in  order  to  meet  the  growing  demand. 

Men  work  by  ^Hask"  and  earn  from  80  cents  to  $1.50  American 
gold  per  day.  There  are  6  apprentices  and  they  earn  50  cents  per 
day,  and  in  the  pattern  room  there  are  a  few  women  exxv^lcs^^^. 


542      INTERNATIONAL.   BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

COSTA  RICA. 

CONSULAR  INVOICES. 

According  to  instructions  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of 
Costa  Rica,  dating  from  February  1, 1908,  consular  invoices  must  only 
be  signed  by  the  heads  of  exporting  houses  or  by  their  duly  authorized 
legal  representatives. 

These  instructions  also  prescribe  that  from  the  same  date,  four 
copies  of  the  consular  invoices  must  always  be  presented  for  legaliza- 
tion,, the  fourth  copy  to  be  filed  in  the  archives  of  the  consulate. 

A  COSTA   BICAN  VIEW  OF  THE   CENTRAL  AMERICAN  COURT   OF 

JUSTICE. 

From  a  statement  presented  to  the  National  Congress  of  Costa  Rica, 
by  Seiior  Don  Luis  Anderson,  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs  of  that 
Republic,  and  President  of  the  Central  American  Peace  Conference, 
the  following  opinions  regarding  the  establishment  of  a  Central  Ameri- 
can court  of  justice,  are  quoted: 

''Another  important  convention  concluded  by  the  Peace  Confer- 
ence is  that  relating  to  the  establishment  of  a  Central  American  court 
of  justice.  It  appears  in  28  articles  that  constitute  the  agreement, 
a  provisional  article  and  another  annexed  article  that  are  in  the  nature 
of  a  recommendation  which,  if  they  see  fit,  the  respective  legislatures 
may  incorporate  into  the  treaty. 

"The  Central  American  court  of  justice,  the  first  of  its  kind  that 
will  be  established  among  nations,  gives  material  form  to  the  thought 
of  eminent  statesmen  and  philanthropists,  who  for  a  long  time  have 
been  struggling  to  establish  means  in  consonance  with  the  tendencies 
of  civilization  for  the  settlement  of  international  conflicts. 

"Said  court  will  be  a  permanent  tribunal,  which  will  proceed  in  the 
matters  that  are  submitted  to  it  for  decision  in  accordance  with  the 
judicial  rules  of  investigation  observed  by  all  the  judicial  tribunals 
of  the  civilized  world,  and  shall  decide  impartially  in  accordance  with 
the  teaching  of  international  law  and  with  a  view  to  a  strict  and  scrupu- 
lous termination  of  the  matter. 

''Arbitration  as  the  means  of  settling  international  diflSculties  has 
been  the  ideal  of  modem  diplomacy;  but  for  its  realization  in  a  man- 
ner that  all  peoples  may  accept  it  without  reserve  it  is  indispensable 
to  give  it  juridic  character  which  by  the  nature  of  its  functions  belong 
to  it.  Arbitration  exercised  by  an  umpire  whom  the  parties  have 
chosen  to  decide  cases  of  conflict  or  difference  of  opinion  between 
them  has  been  an  effort  but  slightly  satisfactory  in  its  results.  The 
arbiter,  although  it  has  been  attempted  to  cloak  him  with  the  attri- 
butes of  a  judge,  has  not  shown  himself,  in  the  greater  number  of  cases, 
in  any  other  character  than  that  of  a  friendly  adjuster,  a  diplomat  who 


(OSTA    RICA.  543 

after  a  more  or  less  complete  investigation  of  the  matter  submitted 
to  his  judgment  has  occupied  himself  rather  in  satisfying  both  parties 
litigant  than  in  deciding  in  strict  justice  in  favor  of  the  party  entitled 
to  it,  and  in  the  majority  of  cases  leaving  the  parties  resorting  to 
him  dissatisfied.  And  it  is  natural  that  it  should  happen  thus.  The 
arbiter  desires  peaceful  adjustment  for  those  who  have  by  conmion 
accord  chosen  him  as  a  judge  in  their  quarrels,  and  he  renders 
judgments  that  he  believes  just  and  conciliatory,  and  in  very  good 
faith  it  is  true,  but  nearly  always  without  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
matter,  and  only  with  the  benevolent  desire  that  in  some  manner 
the  controversy^  may  terminate  and  peace  reign,  although  without  the 
absolute  prevalence  of  strict  right. 

^*This  has  been  the  stumbling  block  with  which  the  humanitarian 
doctrine  of  arbitration  has  met,  intrusted  to  persons  or  commis- 
sions chosen  ad  hoc  for  the  case  as  it  arises.  Right  among  nations, 
as  among  individuals,  is  not  satisfied  by  a  halfway  adjustment, 
which  leaves  each  one  in  the  belief  that  he  has  been  deprived  of 
something  that  is  his,  but  it  requires  a  decision  founded  upon  strict 
justice,  to  which  all  submit  because  the  latter  represents  the  inflex- 
ible expression  of  truth;  and  this  is  the  only  way  that  all  questions 
can  be  finally  decided  without  leaving  feelings  of  wounded  pride  or 
of  legitimate  interests  defrauded. 

**I  believe  it  proper  to  quote,  in  relation  to  this,  the  statement  of 
the  eminent  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Mr. 
ELrau  Root,  upon  opening  the  Congress  of  Peace  and  Arbitration 
that  met  in  the  city  of  New  York  on  April  15,  1907 : 

''*What  we  need  for  the  further  development  of  arbitration  is  the 
substitution  of  judicial  action  for  diplomatic .  action,  the  substitu- 
tion of  judicial  sense  of  responsibility  for  diplomatic  sense  of  re- 
sponsibility. We  need  for  abitrators  not  distinguished  public  men, 
concerned  in  all  the  international  questions  of  the  day,  but  judges 
who  will  be  interested  only  in  the  question  appearing  upon  the  record 
before  them.  Plainly,  this  end  is  to  be  attained  by  the  establish- 
ment of  a  court  of  permanent  judges,  who  will  have  no  other  occupa- 
tion and  no  other  interest  but  the  exercise  of  the  judicial  faculty 
under  the  sanction  of  that  high  sense  of  responsibility  which  has 
made  the  courts  of  justice  in  the  civilized  nations  of  the  world 
the  exponents  of  all  that  is  best  and  noblest  in  modem  civilization.' 

^'With  faith  in  these  ideas,  the  Central  American  Republics,  upon 
commencing  a  new  life,  relegating  to  oblivion  past  errors,  persuaded 
as  they  are  that  the  cardinal  point  in  their  compass  ought  to  be  the 
accomplishment  of  a  positive  and  great  prosperity,  have  sought  in 
this  new  conception  of  arbitration  the  most  powerful  support  of 
their  desired  tranquillity,  and  in  order  to  put  it  into  practice  agreed 
in  Washington  to  establish  the  Central  American  Court  of  Juatvj;"^.. 


544      INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OF    THE   AMEBICAN   BEPUBLICS. 

"To  the  end  of  constituting  that  high  tribunal  in  such  a  manner 
that  it  may  be  the  recipient  of  the  most  absolute  confidence  of  those 
who  are  to  bring  to  it  the  s61ution  of  their  disagreements,  it  is  neces- 
sary that  the  justices  who  compose  it  be  men  of  recognized  ability 
and  integrity,  and  in  that  sense  the  convention  provides  that  said 
justices  shall  be  chosen — 

'From  among  the  jurists  who  possess  the  qualifications  which  the 
laws  of  each  country  prescribe  for  the  exercise  of  high  judicial  office 
and  who  enjoy  the  highest  consideration,  both  because  of  their  moral 
character  and  their  professional  ability/ 

"Organized,  therefore,  with  such  a  personnel  of  irreproachable 
honor,  free  by  reason  of  the  character  of  the  institution  which  has 
created  it,  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  Central  American  Court  of 
Justice  will  be  as  Article  XIII  says,  '  Representative  of  the  national 
conscience  of  Central  America,'  and  that  the  people  wiU  have 
nothing  to  fear  upon  bringing  their  reciprocal  differences  to  the  final 
judgment  of  that  conscience. 

*'I  believe  that  the  high  position  which  belongs  to  the  Central 
American  court  of  justice  can  not  be  presented  more  clearly.  Its 
members  being  named  by  the  legislative  power  of  each  country, 
they  will  owe  their  office  to  the  national  will,  conveyed  with  implicit 
trust,  and  they  will,  therefore,  enter  upon  the  exercise  of  their  lofty 
and  humanitarian  duties  without  poUtical  compromises  that  may 
influence  their  conduct  and  surrounded  by  the  highest  prerogatives 
which  can  be  conferred  on  a  citizen  within  oiu*  repubUcan  regime, 
since,  as  Article  X  says : 

'Whilst  they  remain  in  the  country  of  their  appointment  the  reg- 
ular and  substitute  justices  shall  enjoy  the  personal  immunity  which 
the  respective  laws  grant  to  the  magistrates  of  the  supreme  court  of 
justice,  and  in  the  other  contracting  republics  they  shall  have  the 
privileges  and  immunities  of  diplomatic  agents.' 

''Under  such  conditions  the  Central  American  court  of  justice,  as  a 
creation  of  the  popular  will,  need  follow  no  other  counsels  than  those 
of  wisdom,  nor  listen  to  any  other  voice  than  that  of  conscience. 
Thus  constituted,  this  tribunal,  in  my  opinion,  will  be  the  highest 
that  all  those  who  are  possessed  by  the  spirit  of  justice,  and  who  busy 
themselves  by  placing  the  sacred  ideal  of  right  in  an  inviolable  sanc- 
tuary, can  dream  of  at  the  present  time,  so  fruitful  of  grand  concepts. 

^^The  first  four  articles  of  the  convention  point  out  the  object  for 
which  the  court  is  created  and  the  scope  which  its  attributes  cover. 

^'The  contracting  parties  thereupon  bind  themselves:  ^To  submit 
(to  the  court)  all  controversies  or  questions  which  may  arise  among 
them,  of  whatsoever  nature  and  no  matter  what  their  origin  may 
be,  in  case  the  respective  departments  of  foreign  affairs  should  not 
have  been  able  to  reach  an  understanding.' 


C08TA    RICA.  545 

**Here  is  avoided  the  possibility  that  the  Central  American  Gov- 
ernments will  in  the  future  air  the  differences  that  arise  among  them 
in  any  other  field  than:  First,  that  of  diplomacy;  or,  later,  the  judicial 
field  of  the  court,  as  a  decisive  and  final  resort,  if  in  the  former  an 
agreement  has  not  been  reached.  Appeal  to  arms  has  been  abso- 
lutely rejected  as  a  means  of  settling  any  controversy  between  these 
nations;  and  that  provision  alone  would  be  of  suflBcient  merit  that 
the  convention  should  be  adopted  by  Central  Americans  with  xmiver- 
sal  applause. 

*^But  more  than  tliis — 
'This  court  shall  also  take  cognizance  of  the  questions  which  in- 
dividuals of  one  Central  American  coxmtry  may  raise  against  any  of 
the  other  contracting  Governments,  because  of  the  violation  of 
treaties  or  conventions  and  other  cases  of  an  international  character, 
no  matter  whether  their  own  Government  supports  said  claim  or  not; 
and  provided  that  the  remedies  which  the  laws  of  the  respective 
country  provide  against  such  violation  shall  have  been  exhausted  or 
that  denial  of  justice  shall  have  been  shown.' 

^'This  breadth  of  jurisdiction  of  the  court  tends,  above  all,  to  pre- 
vent the  possibiUty  that  a  controversy  between  a  government  and 
one  or  more  citizens  of  another  Central  American  nation  might  be 
converted  into  an  international  conflict,  if  said  citiezns  should  resort 
to  soUciting  the  protection  of  their  respective  Governments,  instead 
of  taking  their  diflFerences  to  the  court,  as  the  only  authorized  tri- 
bunal, when  once  the  ordinary  way  has  been  exhausted,  to  hear  and 
determine  them,  as  the  convention  provides. 

^^  Furthermore — 
'It  shall  also  take  cognizance  of  the  cases  which  by  common  accord 
the  contracting  Governments  may  submit  to  it,  no  matter  whether 
they  arise  between  two  or  more  of  them  or  between  one  of  said  Gov- 
ernments and  individuals.' 

*'In  wliich  case  the  court  will  always  be  a  potent  element  of  good 
understanding,  and  the  most  expeditious  judicial  resort  to  put  an 
end  to  questions  that  may  concern  the  governments  and  to  which 
resort  may  be  had  simply  by  the  will  and  mutual  agreement  of  the 
parties  interested. 

''Finally— 
'The  court  can  likewise  take  cognizance  of  the  international  questions 
which  by  special  agreement  any  one  of  the  Central  American  Gov- 
ernments and  a  foreign  government  may  have  determined  to  submit 
to  it.' 

''Thus  will  our  Central  American  Court  of  Justice  come  to  be  an 
international  institution  of  justice,  to  which  the  nations  who  at  any 
time  have  anything  to  claim  with  respect  to  any  of  our  countries, 
will  not  refuse  to  resort,  seeking  an  equitable  and  prompt  decision. 


546      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Perchance  at  some  time,  although  remote— once  the  existence  of  the 
court  is  assured  and  its  correct  administration  estabUshed — powerful 
nations  will  not  find  a  more  efficacious  way  of  clearly  showing  their 
confidence  in  the  right  that  supports  their  claims  than  by  intrusting 
it  to  the  hands  of  this  tribunal. 

* 'Article  XVIII  provides— 
'From  the  moment  in  which  any  suit  is  instituted  against  any  one 
or  more  governments  up  to  that  in  which  a  final  decision  has  been 
pronounced,  the  court  may,  at  the  solicitation  of  any  one  of  the  parties, 
fix  the  situation  in  which  the  contending  parties  must  remain,  to  the 
end  that  the  difficulty  shall  not  be  aggravated  and  that  things  shall 
be  conserved  in  statu  quo  pending  a  final  decision/ 

*'This  power  of  fixing  the  statu  quo  is  in  accord  ^dth  the  doctrine 
concerning  the  powers  of  arbitral  judges,  which  eminent  jurists  have 
supported,  and  is  an  element  of  great  importance,  in  order  that  the 
action  of  the  court  may  correspond  to  the  lofty  purposes  of  its  insti- 
tution; because  it  is  logical  that  on  attempting  to  decide  a  contro- 
versy this  latter  should  continue  in  the  state  in  which  it  is  submitted 
to  the  judges,  so  that  in  every  case  the  judgment  may  be  directed 
toward  a  fixed,  determined,  and  precise  matter;  and  on  the  other 
hand  warlike  preparations,  the  mobiUzation  of  forces,  or  other  acts 
that  tend  to  alter  the  existing  footing  of  the  armed  force  a  State 
maintains  are  likely  to  aggravate  the  situation  and  to  cause  the 
decision  of  the  tribunal  to  be  delayed  or  illusory,  which  can  be  avoided 
by  means  of  a  proper  order  of  the  court  faithfully  observed  by  all 
interested  parties. 

'*  According  to  the  opinion  held  by  the  wisest  expounders  of  public 
international  law,  arbitral  judges  ought  to  have  the  power  to  deter- 
mine their  jurisdiction,  interpreting  the  treaties  and  conventions  rela- 
tive to  their  constitution  and  to  the  matter  in  dispute,  and  applying 
to  their  proceedings  and  resolutions  the  universally  accepted  princi- 
ples of  law.  Without  this  the  action  of  an  arbitral  tribunal  becomes 
little  less  than  impossible,  its  proceedings  are  uncertain,  and  the  scope 
of  its  jurisdiction  is  involved  in  a  question  of  interpretation.  The 
conference  kept  in  mind  these  observations  and  by  Article  XXII  of 
the  convention  sanctioned  said  doctrine,  expressly  conferring  on  the 
court  said  power. 

'*In  the  other  articles  of  the  convention  it  is  provided:  That  the 
seat  of  the  court  shall  be  in  the  city  of  Cart  ago  in  this  Republic,  but 
may  temporarily  be  removed  to  another  point  in  Central  America,  if 
special  reasons  exist  therefor;  that  the  regular  and  substitute  justices 
shall  be  appointed  for  the  term  of  five  years  and  may  l>e  reelected; 
that  the  exercise  of  office  of  justice  is  incompatible  with  the  practice 
of  his  profession  and  the  discharge  of  public  duties;  that  at  its  first 
annual  session  the  court  shall  elect  from  among  the  justices  the 


COSTA    RICA,  547 

President  and  Vice-President,  and  shall  organize  the  personnel  of  its 
otiice,  and  the  form  of  procedure  that  it  must  follow  in  the  disposi- 
tion of  matters  which  are  submitted  to  it,  and  other  provisions  of 
internal  and  economic  regime ;  and  it  is  finally  declared  that — 

"  ^The  high  contracting  parties  solemnly  declare  that  on  no  groimd 
nor  in  any  case  will  they  consider  the  present  convention  as  void; 
and  that,  therefore,  they  will  consider  it  as  being  always  in  force 
during  the  term  of  ten  years  counted  from  the  last  ratification.  In 
the  event  of  the  change  or  alteration  of  the  political  status  of  one  or 
more  of  the  contracting  Republics,  the  functions  of  the  Central 
American  court  of  justice  created  by  this  convention  shall  be  sus- 
pended ipso  facto;  and  a  conference  to  adjust  the  constitution  of 
said  court  to  the  new  order  of  things  shall  be  forthwith  convoked  by 
the  respective  Governments;  in  case  they  do  not  unanimously  agree 
the  present  convention  shall  be  considered  as  rescinded/ 

''Such  are  the  provisions  that  constitute  the  agreement. 

''With  respect  to  the  final  provisory  article,  which  is  a  mere  annex 
whereby  the  jurisdiction  of  the  court  is  extended  to  matters  of  an 
internal  order,  I  believe  that  at  present  it  can  not  be  accepted  by 
Costa  Rica  because  it  does  not  accord  with  our  constitutional 
organization. 

"I  know  well  that  those  who  mistrust  moral  advancement  in 
society  will  ask  me:  'And  the  Central  American  court  of  justice 
being  established,  whence  will  it  derive  the  force  necessary  to  give 
effective  sanction  to  its  judgments,  compelling  those  who  are  imwilling 
to  submit  to  them?' 

"Force!  That  is  just  what  we  \iish  to  be  done  with,  substituting 
therefor  philosophy  and  morality. 

' '  I  would  answer  those  who  ask  me  such  a  question  that  the  force 
on  which  the  Central  American  court  of  justice  relies  for  the  sure 
execution  of  its  judgments  is  rooted  in  the  honor  of  the  nations  who 
made  the  agreement,  in  the  patriotism  of  Central  Americans  whose 
conscience  said  tribunal  represents,  in  the  judgment  of  other  nations 
who  are  watching  our  conduct,  and,  above  all,  in  the  advance  of 
civilization  which  is  rapidly  blotting  out  the  asperities  of  barbarism, 
the  only  ones  that  still  exact  the  protection  of  brute  force  for  right 
and  justice. 

"In  the  conference  of  Washington,  which  I  had  the  honor  to 
attend  as  a  member  of  the  delegation  of  Costa  Rica,  I  was  an  enthusi- 
astic advocate  for  the  establishment  of  the  Central  American  court 
of  justice;  and  I  maintain  my  zeal  in  that  regard,  because  I  sincerely 
believe  that  there  is  a  greater  element  of  good  than  of  evil  in  human 
nature,  and  that  even  if  it  does  not  reach  perfection,  which  is  a 
supreme  attribute  of  God,  it  nevertheless  rises  high  in  the  scale  that 
leads  to  it.     Pessimists  may  doubt  the  efficiency  of  good.     I  believe 


548      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

in  it,  and  I  am  in  sympathy  with  all  those  who  confide  in  its  benefi- 
cent influence  assuring  more  and  more  the  rule  of  fraternity  and 
justice  among  men  and  nations. 

''The  signatory  Governments  have  formally  bound  themselves  to 
obey  and  compel  the  findings  of  the  court  to  be  obeyed,  lending  all 
assistance  necessary  for  the  best  and  quickest  disposition  of  matters 
that  it  may  investigate;  and  with  regard  to  making  the  judgment 
final,  Article  XXV  reiterates  the  agreement  of  the  signatory  nations 
of  the  Convention  in  these  terms — 

"' The  judgments  of  the  court  shall  be  communicated  to  the  five 
Governments  of  the  contracting  Republics.  The  interested  parties 
solemnly  bind  themselves  to  submit  to  said  judgments,  and  all  agree 
to  lend  all  moral  support  that  may  be  necessary  in  order  that  they 
may  be  properly  fulfilled,  thereby  constituting  a  real  and  positive 
guarantee  of  respect  for  this  convention  and  for  the  Central  American 
court  of  justice.' '' 

''I  repeat,  deputies,  that  the  force  that  must  give  sanction  to  the 
judgments  that  the  court  renders  is  in  those  articles  that  compro- 
mise the  honor  of  the  contracting  nations.  That  is  a  powerful  moral 
force,  because  on  the  day  that  respect  for  agreements  solemnly  made 
shall  disappear,  and  they  shall  be  violated  without  regard,  we  shall 
have  to  declare  with  sorrow  that,  in  the  present  state  of  civilization, 
considering  the  path  that  it  marks  out  to-day  for  bodies  politic  on 
the  face  of  the  earth,  there  is  no  possible  redemption  for  such  peoples. 

''But  this  will  not  happen.  I  have  faith  in  the  future  and  I  am 
sure  that  the  Central  American  court  of  justice,  constituted  by  that 
convention,  the  approval  of  which  I  do  not  doubt  you  will  accord, 
will  be  for  these  countries  the  fruitful  source  of  peace,  of  fraternity 
and  of  honor.'' 


CUBA. 

FISCAL  REVENUES  DTJBINa  1907. 

According  to  official  statistics  published  in  the  January,  1908,  num- 
ber of  the  ''Bulletin  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Industry,  and 
Navigation  of  the  Island  of  Cuba,"  the  fiscal  revenues  of  the  Republic 
collected  during  the  calendar  year  1907  amounted  to  $29,118,827.29, 
as  compared  with  $27,418,435.14  in  1906,  or  an  increase  of 
$1,700,392.15.  During  the  year  1907  the  collections  of  the  tax  for 
the  amortization  of  the  loan  amounted  to  $3,692,786.16,  which,  com- 
pared with  the  sum  of  $3,683,742.84  collected  in  1906,  shows  an 
increase  of  $9,043.32. 


CUBA.  549 

CUSTOMS  MODIFICATIONS. 

The  following  decree  has  been  promulgated  by  the  provisional 
governor  of  Cuba,  January  27,  1908: 

That  order  No.  206  from  general  headquarters,  Department  of  Cuba,  issued  Sep- 
tember 28,  1901,  by  the  military  governor,  in  pursuance  of  the  order  of  the  Secretary 
of  War,  in  compliance  with  the  directions  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  September  21,  1901,  in  the  part  of  the  same  which  refers  to  paragraph  215 
of  the  customs  tariff  in  force,  be  and  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  follows: 
215.  Machinery  and  apparatus  for  making  sugar  and  brandy: 
(a)  Complete  machinery  and  apparatus  applicable  only  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  sugar,  whoever  be  the  importer ad  valorem  10  per  cent, 

(6)  Machinery  and  apparatus  for  making  brandy;  and  other  apparatus  and 
machinery  and  integral  parts  of  same  which  having  several  applica- 
tions for  industry  and  agriculture  are  destined  as  auxiliary  for  the 
manufacture  of  sugar  and  brandy;  provided  that  same  are  imported  ' 

for  or  by  planters  who  under  such  regulations  and  security  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  prescribe  shall  justify  the  installation 

of  same  on  their  estates ad  valorem  10  per  cent. 

Note  I. — In  the  foregoing  paragraph  (b)  shall  be  included  the  detached  parte  of 
the  machinery  and  apparatus  mentioned  in  paragraph  (a)  when  imported  separately; 
and  by  special  concession  fire  bricks  for  the  installation  of  boilers  and  furnaces,  as 
well  as  the  iron  and  steel  houses,  complete  and  knocked  down,  having  or  not  glass  or 
crystal  parts,  or  other  fireproof  material,  and  the  following  material  when  imported 
for  the  construction  or  repairs  of  railways  for  the  private  use  of  the  sugar  plantations: 
Turntables,  transfer  bridges,  iron  or  steel  bridge  work,  riveted  or  rolled,  iron  or  steel 
rails,  points,  crossings,  signals,  gate  crossings,  and  metal  ties,  splices,  fish  plates,  fish- 
plate bolts,  spikes,  frogs,  semaphores,  switches,  and  railroad  ties  of  wood. 

Note  TI. — Railroad  rolling  stock  of  any  kind  is  excluded  from  this  concession. 
Note  III. — In  case  that  any  of  the  private  railways  installed  with  the  material 
imported  under  privilege  of  this  decree,  as  well  as  under  order  206,  prior  to  tilis  decree 
and  hereby  amended,  be  declared  for  the  public  service,  the  importer,  or  in  his  absence, 
or  in  case  of  transference  of  the  property,  the  estate,  shall  be  compelled  to  pay  the 
full  amount  of  duties,  under  the  corresponding  paragraph  of  the  tariff,  without  any 
rebate  or  benefit.  And  these  duties  shall  be  collected  since  the  date  of  the  first  impor- 
tation made  of  such  material. 

This  decree  is  to  take  effect  thirty  days  after  publication  in  the  ''Ofllcial  Gazette," 
i.  e.,  February  28,  and  all  other  circulars  and  decisions  prior  to  this  decree  and  relat- 
ing to  paragraph  215  inconsistent  with  the  same  are  repealed. 

Decree  No.  1101,  dated  November  13,  1907,  provides — 

That  paragraphs  Nos.  162  and  163  of  the  customs  tariff  in  force  be  and  are  hereby 
amended  to  read  as  follows: 
Paragraph  No.  162.  Cardboard  paper,  and  pasteboard  in  sheets: 

A.  Cardboard  paper,  fine  cardboard  and  cardboard  covered  with  glazed 

paper  or  with  fancy  paper,  flowered,  painted,  embossed,  or  with  any 
other  kind  of  fancy  work,  T.  (Disp.  Ill,  rule  5) 100  kilograms. .  |3. 50 

B.  Other  pasteboard,  and  those  covered  with  ordinary  paper,  white  or 

dyed,  satined  or  not,  T.  (Disp.  Ill,  rule  5) 100  kilograms. .     1. 00 

Paragraph  No.  163.  Manufactures  of  cardboard  paper  or  pasteboard: 
A.  Boxes  manufactured  from  cardboard  paper,  fine  cardboard,  or  paste- 
board, such  as  has  been  enumerated  in  paragraph  No.  162A,  or  with 
paper  ornaments  or  other  materials  which  do  not  chiefly  determine 
their  value,  T.  (Disp.  Ill,  rule  5) 100  kilograms. .     7.00 


550      INTERNATIONAL,   BUREAU   OF    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

B.  Boxes  manufsCctured  from  pasteboard,  such  as  has  been  enumerated  in 

paragraph  No.  162  B,  T.  (Disp.  Ill,  rule  5) 100  kilograms. .  ^.00 

C.  Cardboard  in  sheets  or  otherwise,  with  or  without  tissue  inside,  impreg- 

nated with  tar,  pitch,  aaphalt,  cement  or  other  analogous  material, 

and  used  as  roofing  for  buildings per  cent  ad  valorem . .        25 

D.  Other  manufactures  6! ..cardboard  paper,  fine  cardboard  or  pasteboard, 

not  specially  mentioned,  T.  (Disp.  Ill,  rule  5) 100  kilograms. .  20. 00 


ECUADOR. 

MTTNICIPAIi  REVENUES  OF  GUAYAQUIL. 

The  estimates  of  municipal  income  and  expenditure  for  1907  for 
the  city  of  Guayaquil  fix  the  total  income  at  1,237,082  snares 
($618,450),  derived  as  follows: 

Export  duty  on  cocoa $180, 000 

Markets,  slaughter  houses,  etc 129, 000 

Water  tax 50,000 

Liquor  tax,  licenses,  etc 92, 000 

Public  lights 24, 000 

Two  per  cent  on  import  duties 22, 000 

Expenditures,  calculated  in  the  same  amount,  provide  for  $97,000 
for  street  cleaning,  lighting,  etc. ;  $50,000  for  administration  services, 
$29,000  for  municipal  pohce,  $25,000  for  educational  purposes, 
$39,500  for  public  charities,  $180,000  jfor  debt  service,  and  $105,000 
for  public  works. 

SERVICE  OF  THE  GUAYAQUIL  AND  QUITO  RAILWAY  BOJSTDB. 

In  liccordance  with  the  proposition  made  by  the  President  of 
Ecuador,  the  bond  and  share  holders  of  the  Guayaquil  and  Quito 
Railway  agreed  that  part  of  the  funds  destined  to  tbe  payment  of  the 
June,  1907,  coupon  instead  of  being  applied  to  the  service  of  the 
loan  be  advanced  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  completion  of  the 
line  to  Quito  during  1907.  This  was  accordingly  done  and  further 
advances  were  made  by  the  Government  up  to  the  total  value  of  the 
coupon  (about  $450,000). 

The  money  for  the  purpose  was  obtained  by  the  issue  of  1,000,000 
sucres  ($500,000)  custom-house  bonds  to  certain  Guayaquil  mer- 
chants against  promissory  notes  discounted  by  the  Bank  of  Ek;uador, 
or  against  payments  in  cash  at  an  agreed  discount.  These  bonds 
are  accepted  at  par  value  in  payment  of  50  per  cent  of  general  export 
duties  and  100  per  cent  of  all  export  duties  on  tagua  (vegetable  ivory). 

QUITO  AND  GUAYAQUIL  RAILWAY  BOND  ISSUE. 

On  January  15,  1908,  the  President  of  the  Repubhc  of  ficuador 
authorized,  by  a  decree,  the  issue  of  12,298  bonds  of  188  sueres  each 
($90),  to  facilitate  the  payment  of  the  semiannual  coupons  of  the 


ECUADOR.  551 

railway  bonds  dated  January  2,  and  July  2,  1908,  and  January  2, 
1909.  These  bonds  will  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent  per 
annum  from  July  2,  1908,  and  the  entire  debt,  which  is  redeemable 
within  ten  years,  shall  also  bear  4  per  cent  interest,  and  from  January 
1,  1909,  said  bonds  are  guaranteed  by  all  the  revenue  derived  from 
the  salt  monopoly. 

PAYMENT  OF  QUAYAQUIL  AND  QUITO  RAILWAY  BONDS. 

On  January  11,  1908,  the  following  contract  was  entered  into  be- 
tween the  Government  of  Ecuador  and  the  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Rail- 
way Company  for  the  payment  of  three  coupons  of  the  railway  bonds 
guaranteed  by  the  Government,  the  one  due  on  January  2,  1908,  and 
the  other  2,  which  will  fall  due,  respectively,  on  Jidy  2,  1908,  and 
January  2,  1909. 

*'Akticle  1.  The  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Railway  agrees  to  accept 
the  sum  of  2,695,332  sucres  in  certificates  of  the  Government  of 
Ecuador,  in  the  form  hereinafter  expressed,  in  payment  of  the  coupons 
corresponding  to  the  3  dates  above  mentioned. 

*'Art.  2.  The  Government  shall  make  an  issue  of  12,289  certificates 
of  188  sucres  each,  which  represent  a  total  of  2,310,332  sucres;  each 
certificate  is  equivalent  to  $90,  the  value  of  3  interest  coupons.  From 
July  2,  1908,  these  certificates  shall  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  4  per 
cent  annually,  with  a  sinking  fund  of  4  per  cent  amortization,  which 
shall  be  effected  in  ten  years.  These  certificates  are  guaranteed  by 
the  salt  monopoly,  in  full,  from  January  1,  1909;  since  up  to  that 
time  the  first  guarantee  given  previously  in  another  contract  shall 
have  the  preference. 

''(a)  The  Government  binds  itself  in  an  irrevocable  manner  to 
deposit  monthly  in  the  Banco  del  Ecuador  the  product  of  the  sale 
of  salt,  which  sum  shall  be  remitted  by  the  Banco  del  Ecuador  each 
month  in  drafts  on  London  six  days  after  receipt  thereof  to  Robabts 
Lubbock  &  Co.,  or  to  the  coxmcil  of  foreign  bondholders,  London,  or 
to  E.  H.  Norton  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  as  may  be  ordered  in  future  by 
the  president  of  the  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Railway  Company. 

^  {I)  The  aforementioned  12,289  certificates,  which  represent  the 
sum  of  2,310,332  sucres,  shall  be  deposited  with  Rob  arts  Lubbock  & 
Co.,  the  council  of  foreign  bondholders,  London,  or  E.  H.  Norton  & 
Co.,  as  the  above-mentioned  president  shall  determine.  Any  one  of 
said  depositaries  shall  hold  as  a  deposit  10,954  certificates,  equiva- 
lent to  2,059,352  sucres,  being  authorized  to  deliver  them  to  the 
bondholders  of  the  railway,  in  payment  of  the  4  coupons  which  ma- 
ture, respectively,  on  July  2,  1907,  January  2  and  July  2,  1908,  and 
January  2,  1909.  These  4  coupons,  the  value  of  which  is  $120  gold, 
shall  be  delivered  to  the  Government  of  Ecuador  by  said  Robabts 
Lubbock  &  Co.,  the  council  of  foreign  bondholders,  or  E.  H.  Norton 


552      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OP    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

&  Co.,  of  New  York;  each  holder  to  receive  a  certificate  for  188 
sucres  for  each  4  coupons.  For  it  must  be  noted  that  the  coupon 
due  on  July  2,  1907,  was  paid  in  full  in  the  million  of  sucres  delivered 
to  the  president  of  the  company  in  the  months  of  August,  September, 
October,  and  November,  for  the  progress  and  conclusion  of  the  rail- 
road, and  in  virtue,  of  the  resolutions  made  at  the  meetings  of  the 
bondholders  on  July  25,  1907.  In  case  any  holder  refuses  to  deliver 
the  4  coupons  to  the  above  mentioned,  the  certificate  of  188  sucres 
shall  be  returned  to  the  Government  of  Ecuador,  and  shall  be  of  no 
value  whatever. 

''(c)  Of  the  12,289  certificates,  E.  H.  Norton  &  Co.  shall  hold 
1,335,  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of  the  interest  on  the  $2,000,000 
of  gold  in  bonds  which,  with  preferential  guaranty,  the  company  shall 
issue  in  accordance  with  article  3. 

*'  (d)  The  Government  of  Ecuador  shall  issue  and  deliver  to  the 
president  of  the  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Railway  Company,  385  treasury 
certificates  of  1,000  sucres  each,  payable  in  six  months,  and  guar- 
anteed by  the  43  per  cent  of  the  customs  revenues,  which  are  devoted 
to  the  railway.  The  said  385  certificates  shall  bear  the  same  interest 
and  shall  be  guaranteed  in  the  same  maimer  as  the  300  certificates  for 
the  value  of  300,000  sucres,  mentioned  in  the  contract  entered  into 
with  Mr.  J.  G.  Vallarino,  of  Guayaquil. 

''The  Railway  Company  shall  employ  the  product  of  these  385 
certificates:  First,  in  paying  the  interest  due  on  January  2,  1908,  in 
connection  with  the  special  serial  bonds;  and  secondly,  in  the  pay- 
ment of  the  other  obligations  of  the  company  as  may  be  necessary 
and  be  duly  proved. 

*'  ie)  The  total  amount  of  the  certificates  which  the  Government 
must  issue,  according  to  the  terms  of  this  contract,  is  as  follows : 

''1.  10,954  certificates,  which  represent  2,059,352  sucres,  for  the 
payment  of  the  coupons. 

''2.  1,333  certificates,  equivalent  to  the  sum  of  250,980  sucres;  and 

''3.  385  certificates,  of  the  value  of  385,000  sucres. 

''All  of  which  gives  the  sum  of  2,695,332  sucres,  exactly  the  same 
as  that  which  the  Government  of  Ecuador  will  owe  as  the  interest 
and  sinking  fund  corresponding  to  the  second  half  of  the  year  1907. 
and  to  the  twelve  months  of  1908. 

"Art.  3.  The  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Railway  Company  shall  make 
an  issue  of  2,000  bonds  of  $1,000  gold  each  (American),  which  shall 
bear  6  per  cent  interest  and  3  per  cent  amortization.  The  service  of 
these  bonds,  till  their  complete  redemption,  shall  be  made  with  the 
li  per  cent  deducted  from  the  6  per  cent  interest  which  the  Govern- 
ment pays  on  the  principal  railway  bonds. 

"These  2,000  bonds  shall  have  a  preferential  mortgage  guaranty 
on  the  railroad,  its  equipment,  and  all  its  belongings,  including  the 


ECUADOR.  558 

concessions  made  to  the  company;  and  also  a  further  guaranty, 
equal  to  that  which  the  principal  bonds  for  the  $12,282,000  have, 
both  in  respect  of  the  funds  devoted  to  the  services  of  their  interest 
and  sinking  fund,  as  also  in  respect  of  the  preferential  mortgage  on 
the  customs  revenues. 

*'The  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Railway  Company  is  hereby  authorized 
to  establish  these  guaranties  in  favor  of  the  2,000  bonds.  It  must  be 
noted  that  the  company  binds  itself  to  place  these  bonds  at  the  rate 
of  90  per  cent  at  least. 

^'Art.  4.  The  bondholders  of  the  principal  issue,  that  is  of  the 
$12,282,000  guaranteed  by  the  first  mortgage  on  the  railroad,  and 
by  the  preferential  guarantee  of  the  customs  revenues  of  the  Gov- 
ernment of  Ecuador,  give  their  consent  to  the  issue  of  the  certificates 
and  bonds  to  which  the  foregoing  article  refer;  and  agree  in  an  irrev- 
ocable manner  to  accept  4i  per  cent  interest  on  the  $12,282,000 
gold  in  place  of  the  6  per  cent  stipulated  for  said  principal  bonds,  and 
they  renounce  their  right  to  the  1^  per  cent,  which  is  the  difference 
between  the  6  per  cent  and  the  4i  per  cent,  during  the  time  necessary 
for  the  redemption  referred  to. 

'^This  difference,  which  is  the  aforesaid  IJ  percent,  shall  be  applied: 
First,  to  the  payment  of  the  6  per  cent  interest  on  the  2,000  bonds 
which  are  going  to  be  issued;  and, secondly,  to  the  payment  of  the  3  per 
cent  sinking  fund  for  the  same  bonds.  These  payments  shall  take  the 
same  form  until  said  2,000  bonds  have  been  completely  redeemed; 
this  done,  the  holders  of  the  $12,282,000  in  principal  bonds  shall  con- 
tinue to  enjoy  as  before  the  6  per  cent. 

^'Art.  5.  The  product  of  the  2,000  bonds  shall  be  applied  in  the 
following  manner: 

"1.  Up  to  $900,000,  to  the  payment  of  what  the  company  owes  on 
account  of  locomotives,  materials,  labor,  etc.,  but  all  duly  proved  to 
the  proper  ministry. 

*'2.  The  balance  shall  be  devoted  to  the  purchase  of  new  rolling 
stock,  improvements  on  the  Une,  workshops,  etc.,  etc.,  and  for  the  easy 
and  economical  administration  of  the  company,  all  being  proved  in 
the  manner  expressed. 

^'Art.  6.  The  Government  of  Ecuador  reiterates  solemnly  the 
stipulation  contained  in  article  4  of  the  contract  of  November  26, 
18t)8,  and  in  consequence  binds  itself  to  deposit  in  the  Banco  del 
Ecuador^  out  of  the  first  customs  receipts,  and  proportionately  per 
fortnight,  the  sum  of  $859,740  gold,  the  annual  amount  of  which  the 
Government  must  pay  for  interest  and  sinking  fund  on  the  sum  of 
$12,282,000  represented  by  the  principal  bonds.  These  fortnightly 
deposits  in  the  Banco  del  EcuadoTj  at  the  rate  of  $35,822,  shall  be 
made  unfaiUngly  from  January  1,  1909,  till  the  total  cancellation  of 
the  principal  bonds. 


554     INTEENATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

"The  Banco  del  Ecuador  shall  remit,  hkewise  fortnightly,  $35,822 
to  Glyn,  Mills,  Currie  &  Co.,  in  bank  drafts,  each  remittance  to  be 
made  six  days  after  receipt  by  the  bank  from  the  Government.  The 
Government  contracts  this  new  obligation  in  exchange  for  the  con- 
cessions made  in  the  present  contract  by  the  bondholders  of  the 
Guayaquil  and  Quito  Railway  Company/^ 

INTERNAL  CONDITIONS. 

Ecuadorian  conditions,  as  reported  by  the  British  consul  at 
Guayaquil,  during  1907,  show  an  improvement,  so  far  as  the  value  of 
native  products,  such  as  cocoa,  rubber,  hats,  etc.,  is  concerned, 
while  imported  articles  have  also  increased  in  value. 

In  respect  to  public  works,  the  Quito  Railroad  has  been  the  principal 
undertaking,  and  has  been  gradually  extended  to  Mocha,  Anibato, 
Latacunga  and  Cliasqui,  while  the  latest  information  (January  1, 
1908),  reports  its  extension  as  far  as  Aloasi,  about  35  kilometers  from 
Quito. 

The  contract  between  the  Government  and  the  Guayaquil  and 
Quito  Railroad  Company  stipulated  that  the  line  should  be  finished 
to  Quito  by  June  14,  1907,  and,  in  consequence  of  the  failure  to  ful- 
fill the  terms  of  the  contract,  arbiters  have  been  appointed  to  settle 
the  various  points  in  dispute  between  the  contracting  parties. 

The  Puerto  Bolivar  and  Machala  Railway  advanced  slowly  during 
1906-7  into  the  cocoa  districts,  and  rendered  good  service  in  bring- 
ing products  to  the  seaport. 

Consul  Cartright  further  reports  that  the  Huigra  to  Cuenca 
railroad  has  apparently  been  abandoned  by  the  original  projectors; 
the  works  on  the  road  to  Chone  in  the  Bahia  cocoa  district,  though 
commenced  with  public  funds,  have  been  abandoned,  and  the  material, 
etc.,  imported  for  them  has  been  left  exposed.  Cessation  of  work 
as  regards  the  Curaray  line  is  noted  as  also  on  the  Santa  Rosa  to 
Zaruma  road,  the  roads  from  Guayaquil  to  Salinas  and  from  Manta 
to  Santa  Ana. 

In  Guayaquil,  the  new  market  place  has  been  completed,  and  the 
state  of  public  health  very  much  improved  by  the  apphcation  of  the 
Dixon  system  to  tlie  destruction  of  city  refuse.  Other  building  opera- 
tions are  reported  and  an  increase  in  population  to  between  80,000 
and  90,000  inhabitants. 

Electric  lighting  has  been  applied  to  the  principal  thoroughfares, 
the  wharves  and  docks  and  tlie  new  suburbs  of  the  capital.  It  is 
proposed  to  generate  electric  power  through  the  agency  of  the  moun- 
tain streams  or  those  at  the  foot  of  the  Cordilleras,  about  55  to  58 
miles  distant,  and  the  work  on  the  electric  tramway  line  is  being 
pushed  with  vigor. 


ECUADOR.  555 

In  Quito  and  Riobamba  contracts  have  been  made  for  new  water- 
works systems,  the  latter  having  been  let  to  a  United  States  engineer. 

Sugar  production  is  steadily  on  the  increase  throughout  the  Repub- 
lic, the  total  for  1906  being  7,000  tons."  Consumption  has,  however, 
increased  proportionately,  and  before  the  crop  of  1907  was  gathered 
about  1 ,200  tons  had  been  imported^ 

By  a  law  passed  at  the  close  of  1906,  the  import  duty  on  sugar  was 
removed,  the  consequence  being  that  foreign  sugar  from  Peru  and 
Central  America  can  now  be  imported  with  only  the  additional  cost 
of  freight  and  handling.  The  result  has  been  to  depreciate  prices  to 
a  level  with  the  cost  of  imported  sugars. 

The  business  of  the  Guayaquil  brewery  has  continued  unaltered 
but  the  reduction  of  import  dues  on  foreign  beer  has  caused  increased 
competition  with  the  German  and  American  product. 

Salt,  whose  production  is  a  Government  monopoly,  was  shipped 
profitably,  during  1906-7  to  Tumaco  and  Buenaventura  in  Colombia. 
This  line  of  export  is,  however,  limited  as  yet. 

The  cotton  factories  of  the  interior  have  been  somewhat  handi- 
capped by  the  scarcity  of  raw  material  and  it  is  proposed  to  import 
cotton  from  Peru,  though  the  import  duty  is  about  5  cents  per  pound. 
Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  flour,  a  law  was  passed  in  December,  1906, 
providing  for  the  free  entry  of  wheat,  and  also  other  grains,  peas, 
beans,  etc. 

The  cocoa  shipments,  which  form  the  bulk  of  Ecuador's  exports, 
remained  practically  unchanged  at  a  little  less  than  21,000  tons  in  the 
last  reported  years,  1905  and  1906,  but  the  increase  in  value  repre- 
sents a  trade  increase.  The  average  price  was  $15  per  50  kilos  f.  o.  b. 
at  Guayaquil  in  1905.  This  had  advanced  in  1906  to  $17,  and  in  1907 
to  $23.50.  This  has  been  of  great  benefit  to  the  agricultural  and  com- 
mercial interests  and  has  greatly  increased  the  value  of  Ecuadorian 
exports. 

Vegetable  ivory  is  the  second  article  in  volume  and  value  of  all 
Ecuadorian  exports,  being  rated  at  19,036  metric  tons  in  1905,  and 
21,796  in  1906.  The  price  of  this  article  has  also  increased  consider- 
ably. The  average  rate  in  1905  was  $4  shelled  and  $2.75  unshelled 
per  100  pounds.  In  1906,  the  price  advanced  to  $4.50  and  $3  for  the 
shelled  and  unshelled,  respectively,  and  in  1907,  the  export  duties 
having  been  very  largely  increased,  the  consumers  in  Europe  (who 
draw  about  75  per  cent  of  their  supplies  from  Ecuador  and  about  25 
per  cent  from  Colombia)  have  been  forced  to  buy  at  much  higher 
prices,  averaging  at  least  $3.50  for  unshelled  and  $5.75  for  shelled 
nuts.  The  proportion  of  export  is  about  60  per  cent  of  shelled  to 
about  40  per  cent  of  the  unshelled  nuts. 

Straw  hats,  the  third  item  on  the  export  hst,  continue  to  show 
increased  valuations,  tanging  from  $350,000  in  1904,  to  $440,000  in 

33228— Bull.  3—08 6 


556      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OF    THE   AMERICAN    REPUBLICS. 

1905,  and  $1,220,000  in  1906,  which  latter  figures  the  consul  regards 
as  much  less  than  the  actual  values. 

Rubber  exploitation  has  been  active  and  even  enthusiastic,  and  has 
been  carried  on  in  districts  farther  removed  from  ports  or  regular 
.  roads,  the  production  for  1906  being  given  as  620  tons. 

The  materials  for  railways  and  waterworks  are  largely  supplied 
from  the  United  States,  while  from  Great  Britain  come  nearly  all  the 
cotton  stuffs,  iron  bedsteads,  galvanized  iron,  iron  bars,  tubes,  etc., 
tin  plate  and  tinware,  sacks,  and  jute  goods,  and  linen  goods  and 
cashmeres. 

LAND  TITLES. 

Mr.  Herman  R.  Dietrich,  American  Consul-General  at  Guayaquil, 
has  furnished  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics 
with  detailed  information  concerning  the  transfer,  registration,  and 
system  of  land  titles  in  force  in  the  Republic  of  Ecuador  at  the  present 
time.  The  system  is  based  on  the  law  of  July  29,  1869,  amended  by 
legislative  decree  of  July  11,  1890,  legislative  decree  of  July  1,  1887, 
referring  to  the  registration  rules  and  regidations,  legislative  decree 
of  July  21,  1890,  concerning  the  special  contribution  tax,  and 
articles  19  to  25  of  the  law  governing  the  tariff  for  registering  titles, 
notarial  and  judicial  fees,  etc. 

The  procedure  to  be  observed  in  the  conveyance  or  mortgaging  of 
lands  is  as  follows:  (1)  The  titles  must  be  presented  to  the  notary 
public;  (2)  a  certificate  from  the  recorder  of  deeds  must  be  produced, 
in  order  to  show  whether  or  not  the  property  in  question  is  in  any  way 
encumbered;  (3)  proper  receipts  must  be  presented,  showing  that  iJl 
taxes  have  been  paid,  and  that  the  special  tax  imposed  by  the  Govern- 
ment on  the  sale  of  lands,  in  accordance  with  the  law  of  alcabalas,  has 
been  satisfied.  These  requisites  having  been  complied  with,  the 
notary  public  will  draw  up  the  deed  of  sale. 

The  recording  of  titles  is  optional,  but  it  is  advisable  to  register  all 
titles,  inasmuch  as  titles  recorded  in  conformity  with  the  law  are 
indefeasible,  and  registration  safeguards  both  the  titles  to  urban  and 
rural  property.  In  the  registration  of  a  title  or  mortgage  deed,  a 
copy  of  the  same,  duly  legalized  by  a  notary  public,  who  retains  the 
original  document  in  his  office,  must  be  presented  to  the  recorder,  who 
if  he  finds  it  in  due  legal  form,  will  register  it  and  note  thereon  that 
the  instrument  has  been  recorded  upon  such  and  such  a  page.  If  in 
examining  the  title  the  recorder  discovers  any  legal  impediment,  he 
will  make  note  thereof  on  the  title  deed  and  return  the  same  to  the 
party  in  interest.  After  the  legal  impediment  has  been  corrected, 
the  deed  may  again  be  presented  to  the  recorder,  who  ^vill  register  it 
in  due  form.  A  fee  is  charged  by  the  notary  for  legalizing  the  instru- 
ment, and  by  the  recorder  for  registering  it. 


GUATEMALA.  557 

When  encumbered  property  is  sold,  the  papers  relating  thereto  must 
be  presented  to  the  proper  judge,  who  will  notify  the  mortgagor  that 
the  property  is  about  to  be  sold,  and  will  wait  the  prescribed  time  for  a 
reply.  On  the  expiration  of  the  specified  time,  if  no  satisfactory 
answer  has  been  received,  the  judge  will  order  the  property  sold  at  pub- 
lic auction. 

There  are  no  means  of  ascertainmg  the  number  of  titles  registered 
annually,  except  by  examining  the  registries  of  titles  in  the  56  Cantons 
of  the  Republic.  Likewise  there  is  no  way  of  obtaining  the  num- 
ber of  titles  that  remain  unregistered,  and  the  nimiber  of  registered 
and  unregistered  mortgages,  except  by  examining  the  archives  of 
every  notary  public  and  recorder  in  the  country. 

The  annual  receipts  derived  by  the  Government  from  the  special 
tax  on  the  sellers  and  mortgagers  of  lands,  are  collected  in  two  ways, 
viz,  1  per  thousand  as  a  registration  tax,  in  addition  to  the  r^qlar 
fee  paid  the  recorder,  and  2  per  hundred  as  a  special  contribution  tax. 
These  taxes  amounted  in  1897  to  $287,390;  in  1898,  $276,720;  in  1899, 
$315,120;  in  1890,  $300,620;  in  1900,  $338,620;  m  1902,  $316,300;  im 
1903,  $351,460;  in  1904,  $381,190;  in  1905,  $364,970,  and  m  1906  to 
$378,570.  In  1887  the  amount  of  the  tax  derived  by  the  Govern- 
ment from  the  same  source  was  $127,480,  as  compared  with  $378,570 
in  1906.  As  there  has  been  but  a  sUght  advance  in  the  price  of  lands 
during  the  last  ten  years,  this  comparison  indicates  a  large  increase 
in  the  number  of  titles  transferred  and  of  mortgages  executed.  All 
expenses  incurred  by  the  Government  in  connection  with  the  regis- 
tration of  titles  to  lands  are  borne  by  the  parties  in  interest. 


GUATEMALA. 

TRADE  CONDITIONS  IN  THE  KBPUBLIC. 

A  report  prepared  by  the  French  Charg6  d' Affaires  in  GuatemaJa 
shows  that  the  countries  having  the  largest  share  of  the  trsfde  of 
Guatemala  are  Germany,  England,  and  the  United  States.  The  fol- 
lowing table  gives  the  imports  from  different  countries  during  1905 
and  1906: 


1905.  I  1906. 


S3,037,79(L93 
1,633,819.28 
1,661,895. « 
374,317.60 


United  fixates $3,067,018.71 

England I      1,570,114.26 

Germany |      1,408,609.39 

France '         269,474.24 

Mexico 111,779.33  46,246.19 

Bdgium 101,229.46  147,21&8i 

Spain 

Italv 

SoQih  America 

Japan  and  China 

Central  America 


86,3ia84|  119,317.00 

83,290.60  1  112,348.30 

68,406.46  1  23,996i64 

64,79^76  I  87,047. Oa 

27,149.49  49,063.87 


558      INTERNATIONAL   BUREAU    OP    THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Cotton  goods  formed  28.80  per  cent  of  the  articles  imported ;  canned 
goods,  wines  and  liquors,  17.19  per  cent;  machinery  and  material  for 
railways,  14  per  cent. 

The  imports  of  railway  material  increased  from  $93,811.25,  in 
1905,  to  $467,902.24,  in  1906,  or  an  increase  of  $347,090.99,  due  to  the 
construction  of  the  railroad  line  connecting  Guatemala  with  Puerto 
Barrios  on  the  Atlantic. 

A  comparison  of  the  exports  of  the  principal  articles  for  these  two 
years  gives  the  following  results : 


1905. 


Coffee,  oleaxied quintals..,  507,639.71  i 

Coffee,in  hnaka do....l  378,97J.71  ' 

Hides do....  I  10,673.44 

Rubber do.... I  3,680.46  , 

Wood cubic  feet..  4,386,614.00 

Bananas bunches. .  409, 413. 00  ' 

Sugar quintals . .  32, 50&  92 


1906. 


483,17«.M 

251,53&22 

14,a2&40 

3,881.06 

3,568,742.00 

516,99&00 

15,7291 22 


The  decreased  value  of  the  exports  in  1906  is  due  to  the  fall  in 
exchange. 

The  principal  markets  were:  For  coffee,  Germany,  representing 
55.45  per  cent;  United  States,  29.08  per  cent;  England,  12.86  per 
eent.  Then  follow  Chile,  Austria,  Spain,  with  1  per  cent.  France 
does  not  figure  on  account  of  its  duties.  For  rubber,  Germany,  repre- 
senting 76  per  cent;  United  States,  12.45  per  cent.  For  woods, 
United  States,  59.29  per  cent.  For  hides,  Germany,  86.46  per  cent. 
For  sugar,  Canada,  49.14  per  cent;  United  States,  37.96  per  cent; 
Japan,  12.84  per  cent. 

Bananas  are  all  shipped  to  the  United  States. 

The  following  table  shows  the  value  of  Guatemalan  exports  to  the 
principal  countries  during  1905  and  1906: 


Germany 

United  States 

E^ngland 

Mexico 

South  America... 
Austria-Hungary 

Spain 

Italy 

Oentral  America. . 
Ot^er  countries.. 


1906l 


14,087,643.46 

2,875,335.35 

1,050,487.39 

63,307.17 

45,711.46 

37.088.84 

9,275.16 

17,78&28 

7,637.92 

27,283.57 


819,767.14 

150, 88a  S7 

864,09LM 

64,606l36 

65,251.67 

55.516l02 

37,087.05 

3,233.72 

4.578.63 

30,325.65 


The  principal  articles  exported  by  the  United  States  into  Guate- 
mala consist  of  wire  fencing,  electrical  apparatus,  rice,  household 
utensils,  glassware,  dried  codfish,  dried  and  smoked  meats,  cinnamon 
bark,  California  wines,  flour,  tallow,  grease,  bacon,  potatoes,  shoes, 
ticking,  canned  goods,  peltr}^,  coal,  soap,  hardware,  paints,  powder, 
musical   instruments,   chemical   and   pharmaceutical   products,   felt 


GUATEMALA.  559 

and  other  hats,  cotton  and  printed  goods,  horseshoes,  iron  piping, 
agricultural  implements,  building  iron,  machinery,  run  by  horse  or 
water  power,  ridlroad  material. 

With  the  opening  of  the  Northern  Railroad  which  connects  Gua^ 
temala  with  the  Atlantic,  Puerto  Barrios  will  increase  greatly  in 
importance,  especially  for  the  import  trade.  Coffee  will  always  be 
shipped  by  the  ports  of  San  Jose,  Guatemala,  Champerico,  and  even 
Ocos,  but  they  will  only  receive  merchandise  from  San  Francisco, 
Mexico,  and,  in  small  quantities,  from  South  American  countries  bor- 
dering on  the  Atlantic,  while  the  transit  by  the  Isthmus  of  Panama 
will  become  insignificant. 

Guatemala  produces  an  average  of  from  700,000  to  800,000 
quintals  of  coffee  yearly,  and  in  exceptional  years  the  production 
reaches  a  million  quintals.  A  bag  of  coffee  of  100  Spanish  pounds 
is  worth  from  $7  to  $10.  On  leaving  the  countrj"  it  pays  a  duty  of  1 
peso  gold,  collected  by  the  Government,  plus  75  centavos  gold  for 
transportation  to  the  port  of  San  Jose,  and  2  francs  for  shipping  and 
mole  duties.  If  to  this  amount  are  added  the  commission  of  the 
seller,  the  amount  of  the  maritime  for  freight  and  insurance,  a  sum 
of  from  10  to  12  frarics  per  quintal  is  reached. 

Wheat  is  cultivated,  especially  in  Chimaltenango,  Huelmetenago, 
Quezaltenango,  Quiche,  San  Marcos,  Solola,  and  Totonicapam, 
representing  150,000  quintals,  which  do  not  half  supply  the  native 
consumption;  com  and  beans  form  the  principal  nourishment  of  the 
natives,  though  the  cultivation  of  these  articles  is  decreasing.  Rice 
is  cultivated  in  all  the  departments  having  a  warm  and  damp  cUmate, 
but  in  quantities  as  yet  too  small  to  supply  the  demand.  The  same 
can  be  said  of  potatoes,  which  have  to  be  imported,  although  their 
cultivation  in  the  cooler  regions  has  slightly  increased.  Sarsaparilla 
and  vanilla  are  grown  and  cotton  is  cultivated  in  small  quantities 
only,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  certain  advantages  are  granted  by  .the 
Government  to  cultivators,  although  certain  lands  are  suited  to  it 
and  some  successful  attempts  have  been  made.  The  tobacco  raised 
is  not  of  high  grade  and  its  cultivation  in  Chiquimula,  Coban,  Jutiapa, 
and  Zacapa  is  restricted,  notwithstanding  premiums  granted  by  the 
Government.  Fruits,  principally  bananas,  are  cultivated  by  the 
United  Fruit  Company  in  the  Department  of  Izabel,  to  be  sent  to 
New  Orleans;  rubber  growing  enjoys  certain  premiums;  Guatemalan 
cacao  is  of  superior  quality  and  is  consumed  ever}  where  in  the  coun- 
tr}',  although  it  is  50  per  cent  dearer  than  the  imported  cacao.  The 
cultivation  of  sugar  cane  is  one  of  the  most  important  industries  in 
the  countr}',  if  one  judges  by  the  number  of  fincas  where  it  is  culti- 
vated, which  number  about  1,300,  and  cover  an  area  of  more  than 
15,000  hectares. 

There  are  many  mines  in  Guatemala,  but  the  few  that  have  h(  i 
developed  have  been  done  so  in  a  very  pnra\\\Nfe  TCi»»3i«t.    "Va.' 


560      INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OP   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

west  are  to  be  found  mines  that  have  for  a  long  time  been  worked  by 
the  Indians.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  country  are  mines  of  zinc, 
lead,  copper,  and  silver,  which  with  the  opening  of  the  Northern  Rail- 
soad  and  the  line  connecting  Zacapa  with  the  frontier  of  Salvador 
will  become  a  source  of  great  wealth  to  the  country.  The  lack  of  good 
means  of  transportation  and  the  consequent  high  price  for  transport- 
ing the  metals  has^  greatly  hindered  the  development  of  the  mining 
industry. 

The  eastern  part  of  the  RepubUc  is  rich  in  zinc  and  lead.  In  the 
central  part  the  beds  of  the  Motagna  and  Polychic  rivers  contfdn  gold- 
bearing  sands,  while  on  the  northern  coast  around  Santo  Tomas  are 
found  good  coal  mines  which  have  not  yet  been  developed.  Around 
Quezaltenango  quicksilver  is  found  and  the  Indians  extract  a  small 
quantity,  but  only  for  local  needs.  There  are  also  found  opals, 
quartz,  amethyst,  talcum,  sulphur,  alum,  and  mica  of  very  good 
quality. 

The  Iftws  of  the  country  are  favorable  to  the  mining  industry, 
granting  to  the  one  who  denounces  properties  exemption  from  any  tax 
for  their  exploitation,  the  only  obUgation  being  the  payment  of  an 
indemnity  to  the  owner  of  the  land  where  the  mine  is  found,  but  the 
industry  is  as  yet  in  its  infancy. 

The  native  inhabitants  are  not  lacking  in  ideas  or  ability,  as  can  be 
seen  in  the  various  enterprises  in  which  they  have  been  employed,  and 
many  of  the  articles  made  by  them  can  compete  with  those  of  foreign 
make. 

Among  the  native  industries  may  be  mentioned  the  cotton  factory 
of  Cantel,  near  Quezaltenango,  which  employs  250  hands  and  con- 
sumes from  8,000  to  10,000  quintals  of  cotton  yearly;  the  Central 
American  brewery,  the  most  important  in  Guatemala,  which'employs 
250  workmen  and  makes  beer  from  Chilean  barley  and  Bavarian  hops; 
a  small  brewery  situated  near  Quezaltenango,  several  mineral  water 
factories,  sugar  cane  mills,  factories  for  drying  and  polishing  coffee, 
a  shoe  factory,  and  furniture  factory,  nm  by  steam  near  Quezalte- 
nango. 

There  is  an  important  tannery-  in  the  city  of  Antigua,  but  the  arti- 
cle produced  is  not  of  very  good  quality.  Other  tanneries  have  been 
attempted,  but  with  Uttle  success. 

There  is  also  a  factory  for  ordinary  and  medical  soaps,  as  well  as  for 
toilet  waters  made  from  alcohol,  which  give  satisfactory  results. 

The  native  weaving  consists  of  nohipils,  cortes  (skirts),  small  nap- 
kins, and  aprons. 

The  city  of  Guatemala  is  lighted  by  two  electrical  plants,  one  of 
which  is  established  at  the  gates  of  the  city  and  the  other  10  leagues 
away.  The  light  is  expensive,  costing  about  12  pesos  a  month,  or 
About  5  francs  per  lamp  of  16  candlepower. 


MEXICO.  561 

HONDURAS. 

BEPOBT  OF  THE  NEW  TOBK  AND  HONDURAS  BOSABIO  COMPANY. 

The  official  report  of  the  New  York  and  Honduras  Rosario  Company 
as  published  in  **The  Mining  World''  for  February  15,  1908,  con- 
cerning the  exploitation  of  its  mining  property  in  Honduras,  shows 
that  during  the  fiscal  year  of  1907  there  was  received  from  the  sale 
of  bullion  and  concentrates  the  sum  of  $899,048,  the  net  profits  being 
$122,329.  Adding  to  this  the  balance  brought  forward  of  $1,283,987, 
makes  a  total  of  $1,406,316,  and  deducting  dividends  of  $210,000, 
or  14  per  cent  for  the  year,  leaves  a  balance  on  December  1, 1907,  of 
$1,196,316. 

The  bullion  production  from  1882  to  1907  has  totaled  $13,214,463, 
and  the  output  for  1907  amounted,  to  923,538  ounces  of  silver  and 
11,950  ounces  of  gold.  The  total  reserves  on  November  1, 1907,  were 
12,000  tons,  containing,  approximately,  1,168,808  ounces  of  silver 
and  10,251  ounces  of  gold,  figured  at  the  rate  of  12  cubic  feet  per  ton. 

During  the  year  the  costs  per  ton  of  the  28,098  dry  tons  of  ore 
crushed  were  distributed  as  follows:  Mine  department,  $9.34;  tram- 
way and  cleaning  plant,  87  cents;  mill  department,  $6.09;  surface 
department,  $2.27;  total,  per  ton  crushed,  $18.57. 


MEXICO. 


FOBEIGN  COMMEBCE,  FIBST  FIVE  MONTHS  OF  1907-8. 

According  to  figures  issued  by  the  statistical  division  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Finance  and  Public  Credit  of  the  Mexican  Republic,  the 
total  value  of  imports  received  during  the  first  five  months  of  1907-8 
(July-November,  1907),  was  103,403,272.82  pesos  ($51,701,636.41) 
as  compared  with  87,947,188.68  pesos  ($43,973,594.34)  in  the  same 
months  of  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of  15,456,084.14  pesos 
($7,728,042.07).  In  the  month  of  November,  1907,  the  value  of 
imports  was  20,604,265.16  pesos  ($10,302,132.58),  which,  in  com- 
parison \\'ith  19,572,488.49  pesos  ($9,786,244.24)  of  the  same  month 
of  1906,  represents  an  advance  of  1,031,776.67  pesos  ($515,888.33). 

The  exports  were  valued  at  109,928,021.86  pesos  ($54,964,010.93), 
in  comparison  with  96,141,669.80  pesos  ($48,070,834.90),  during  the 
same  period  of  the  fiscal  year  1906-7,  an  increase  of  13,786,352.06 
pesos  ($6,893,176.03).  The  value  of  products  exported  during  the 
month  of  November,  1907,  was  23,554,571.60  ($11,777,285.80), 
showing  an  increase  of  181,893.71  pesos  ($90,946.85),  when  compared 
with  23,372,677.89  pesos  ($11,686,338.94)  for  the  same  month  of  1906. 


562     INTERNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEFUBLJC8. 

CUSTOMS   BEVENT7ES  DTJBINa  THE  FIRST  SEVEN  MONTHS  OF 

1907-8. 

The  total  revenue  collected  by  the  custom-houses  of  the  Mexican 
RepUbhc  during  the  first  seven  months  of  the  fisoal  year  1907-8 
amoimted  to  34,695,358.60  pesos  ($17,347,679.30),  as  against 
30,442,429.57  pesos  collected  during  the  same  period  of  1906-7.  The 
sources  of  revenue  were  as  follows,  the  figures  for  1906-7  being  also 
given  for  purposes  of  comparison : 


Import  duties. 
Export  duties. 
Port  duties 


Total. 


1907-«.         j         ig06-7. 


Pewi.        i  Pesos. 

33,318,763.78  |.  29,203,319.31 

568,778.23  |  630,713.38 

807,816.59  I  608,396.88 


34,695,358.60  ;      30,442,4 


A  comparison  of  these  totals  shows  an  increase  in  favor  of  1907-8 
of  4,252,929.03  pesos  ($2,126,464.51). 

THE  BANKS  OF  THE  BEPTJBLIC  IN  1907. 

'^El  Economista  MexicanOj^'  of  February  15,  1907,  publishes  a 
detailed  statement  of  the  situation  of  the  legally  chartered  banks  of 
Mexico  on  the  31st  of  December,  1907,  from  which  is  taken  the  fol- 
lowing figures: 

Of  the  34  legally  chartered  banks  of  the  Republic,  the  most  impor- 
tant one  is  the  National  Bank  of  Mexico,  which,  out  of  a  total  of 
760,748,650.71  pesos  made  up  from  the  balances  of  said  institutions, 
is  credited  with  302,317,855.87  pesos.  The  other  banks  referred  to 
are:  Bank  of  London  and  Mexico,  Central  Mexican  Bank,  Mexican 
Bank  of  Commerce  and  Industry,  International  and  Mortgage  Bank, 
Agricultural  and  Mortgage  Bank,  Bank  of  Yucatan,  Mercantile  Bank 
of  Yucatan,  Oriental  Bank  of  Mexico,  Bank  of  Jalisco,  Mining  Bank, 
Mercantile  Bank  of  Vera  Cruz,  Bank  of  the  State  of  Mexico,  Bank  of 
Guanajuato,  Bank  of  Tamaulipas,  Mercantile  Bank  of  Monterey, 
Bank  of  Nuevo  Leon,  Bank  of  Durango,  Bank  of  Coahuila,  Bank  of 
Sonora,  Occidental  Bank  of  Mexico,  Bank  of  San  Luis  de  Potosi, 
Bank  of  Hidalgo,  Bank  of  Oaxaca,  Bank  of  Tabasco,  Bank  of  Cam- 
peche.  Bank  of  Morelos,  Bank  of  Queretaro,  Bank  of  Zacatecas,  Bank 
of  Michoacan,  Bank  of  Aguscalientes,  Bank  of  Chiapas,  Bank  of  Gue- 
rrero, and  Commercial  and  Industrial  Loan  Bank  (Banco  Comercial 
y  Refaccionario). 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  balance  of  the  above  banks  on 
December  31,  1907,  the  figures  for  1906  being  also  given  for  purposes 
of  comparison : 


MEXICO. 


563 


Capital  to  be  subscribed  for  (Central  Mexican  Bank, 
Mexican  Bank  of  Commerce  and  Industry,  Interna- 
tional and  Mortgage  Bank,  Bank  of  Zacatecas,  and 

Bank  of  Guerrero) 

Cash: 

Gold : 

Silver 

Certificates 

Securities 

Loans  on  personal  property 

Loans  on  real  estate 

Securities  immediately  controvertible  intoca^ 

Bills  receivable 

Real  estate 


December  31— 
1907.  1906. 


Pesos. 
14,065,945.00 

53,854,896.96 

15,963,452.67 

9,067/569.00 

185,907,373.26 

115,685,382.93 

30,007,492.04 

33,431,010.18  ; 

294,073,821.22 

8,689,687.45 


Pesos. 
7,600,000.00 


42, 

22, 

7, 

194, 

105, 

23, 

24, 

243, 

7 


217,764-11 
601,580.92 
649,192.00 
484,864.22 
283,228.22 
046,892.45 
512,49a  10 
512,026.35 
178,039. 12 


Total 760,748,650.71     678,176,085.49  I 


LIABIUTIES. 


Capital J  171,600,000.00     158,100,000.00 

Reserves I    69,736,197.30      64,056,757.20 

"      • 91,476,982.00      97,787,878.00 

17,884,800.00  18,867,000.00 
37,873,2ia.42  I  36,828,228.17 
30,801,168.31  !  27,279,380.22 
361,377,283.68     286,256,841.90 


Certificates  in  circulation 

Bonds 

Sight  deposits 
Time  deposits. 
Bills  payable . 


Total. 


760, 748, 650. 71     678, 176, 086. 49 


Differences 
in  1907. 


Pesos. 
+  6,465,945.  Oa 

-rll,i:i7,K^l'.85 

-  <  ,:j*i,iiJ^  26 

^    1    4V.I    ■^•'T  OO 

96 
71 

^.,.^......^■^60 

+  H.i»j^.iih;.i.8» 

+  l,511jCt4i».3a 


+13,600,000.00 
+  5,679,440.10 

-  6,311,896.00 

-  962,200.  Oa 
+  1,044,991.25 
+  3,521,788.09 
+66, 120, 441. 7S 

+82,672,665.22 


ESTABLISHMENT  OF  COLDSTOBAaE  PLANTS. 

The  Executive  of  the  Mexican  Republic  promulgated  on  the  15th 
of  February,  1908,  a  contract  entered  into  between  the  Government 
and  the  Compania  Empacadora  Nadonal  Mexicarui  (Mexican 
National  Packing  Company)  for  the  estabUshment  in  the  Republic 
of  2  cold-storage  plants  and  4  deposits  for  the  refrigeration,  preser- 
vation, and  management  of  food  products.  The  minimum  amount 
of  capital  that  the  company  must  invest  in  these  establishments  is 
200,000  pesos.  The  concessionaires  may,  besides,  establish  other 
plants  or  deposits,  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Promotion  being 
previously  obtained. 

ASPHALT  DEPOSITS  OF  THE  BEPTJBLIC. 

A  British  consular  report  on  asphalt  deposits  in  the  Republic  of 
Mexico  states  the  production  of  this  article  is  chiefly  confined  to  the 
Tuxpam  and  Tampico  districts  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  A  consider- 
able amount  of  development  work  is  being  carried  on,  especially  in 
the  Tuxpam  district,  the  product  ranking  very  high  in  the  world's 
markets^  At  the  present  time  the  demand  is  in  excess  of  the  supply. 
Small  shipments  are  occasionally  made  to  Europe,  with  Germany  as 
a  principal  destination.  The  average  price  of  Mexican  asphalt  is 
about  $55  Mexican  per  ton. 

The  Tampico  product  is  chiefly  the  residue  from  the  oil  produced 
by  the  Mexican  Petroleum  Company  at  Ebano,  about  40  miles  west 
of  Tampico.  The  distillate  of  this  crude  liquid  asphalt  is  used  for 
fuel  oil.     The  Ebano  distilling  plant  has  a  capacity  of  about  50  tons 


564      INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN  BEPUBIjICS. 

of  asphalt  per  day,  but  owing  to  the  limited  supply  of  barrels  pro- 
curable for  shipping  purposes  this  quantity  has  not  yet  been  pro- 
duced. 

There  are  said  to  be  hundreds  of  thousands  of  tons  of  asphalt  in 
the  Tampico  and  Tuxpam  districts,  but  the  production  is  as  yet  in 
its  infancy.  The  demand  for  asphalt  is  rapidly  increasing  throughout 
the  Republic  in  the  larger  cities  and  the  next  few  years  will,  it  is 
anticipated,  witness  a  great  development  in  this  branch  of  activity. 

The  completion  of  the  Tuxpam  Canal  will  also  greatly  simplify  the 
difficulties  of  transport  from  the  asphalt  zones  to  the  port  of  Tampico. 

BILVEB  BASIS  OF  THE  STAMP  AND  CUSTOM  TAXES,  MARCH,  1908. 

The  usual  monthly  circular  issued  by  the  Department  of  Finance 
of  the  Mexican  Republic  annoimces  that  the  legal  price  per  kilogram 
of  pure  silver  during  the  month  of  March,  1908,  is  $36.62  Mexican 
currency,  according  to  calculations  provided  in  the  decree  of  March 
25,  1905.  This  price  will  be  the  basis  for  the  payment  of  the  stamp 
tax  and  customs  duties  when  silver  is  used  throughout  the  Republic, 

STATUS  OF  THE  COTTON  INDUSTRY. 

The  principal  cotton-growing  section  of  Mexico  is  comprised  in 
what  is  known  as  the  ^'Laguna  district,' '  which  includes  the  southern 
portion  of  the  States  of  Chihuahua,  Coahuila,  Nuevo  Leon,  Tamau* 
lipas,  Durango,  Zacatecas,  and  San  Luis  Potosi.  In  this  district  is 
produced  probably  85  per  cent  of  the  cotton  grown  in  the  Republic 

The  experimental  growth  of  Caravonica  cotton,  a  staple  of  unusual 
length  and  quality,  especially  adapted  to  tropical  localities,  has 
recently  been  successfully  imdertaken  in  the  State  of  Veracruz. 

There  are  other  portions  of  the  Republic  well  suited  to  cotton  culti- 
vation, such  as  the  States  of  Chiapas,  Veracruz,  Puebla,  and  Morelos, 
and  the  coast  lands  of  the  States  of  Oaxaca  and  Guerrero. 

The  best  cotton  authorities,  however,  estimate  the  area  for  1907 
planted  in  cotton  to  have  been  250,000  acres.  The  amount  of  cotton 
produced  in  the  fiscal  year  1903  was  80,779,901  pounds,  valued  at 
$3,939,989,  United  States  currency,  which  is  that  used  throughout 
this  report,  and  in  1904,  121,062,106  poimds,  valued  at  $7,858,521. 
There  was  a  shortage  in  the  yield  for  1907,  which  is  not  expected  to 
-exceed  70,000  bales. 

The  production  of  the  staple  in  the  Repubhc  yields  about  one-half 
the  amount  required  for  use  in  her  industries.  Mexico  imports 
annually  a  small  quantity  of  Egyptian  cotton  for  use  in  mercerized 
weaves.  The  exports  of  cotton  from  the  United  States  to  Mexico 
during  the  fiscal  years  1905,  1906,  and  1907  were  valued  at  $3,768,126, 
$1,620,443,  and  $36,413,  respectively.  For  the  calendar  year  1907 
total  cotton  exports  from  the  United  States  to  Mexico  were  valued 


MEXICO.  565 

at  $856,109.  The  noticeable  falling  off  in  these  figures  was  largely 
due  to  the  unusually  favorable  yields  of  the  domestic-grown  staple. 

The  consumption  of  British  cotton  goods  in  Mexico  exceeds  that  of 
all  other  foreign  countries.  During  1906  the  United  Kingdom  ex- 
ported to  Mexico  the  following:  Piece  goods — ^gray  S59;863,  bleached 
$809,879,  printed  $325,028,  dyed  or  of  dyed  yam  $628,692,  total 
piece  goods  $1,823,462;  other  than  piece  goods  $1,507,604;  yam 
$68,391;  grand  total  $3,399,457.  Receipts  of  piece  goods  from 
Great  Britain  in  1907  were  valued  at  $2,313,665. 

According  to  the  latest  complete  annual  industrial  statistics,  the 
cotton  industry  of  Mexico  in  the  fiscal  year  1905  employed  30,162 
persons,  operating  678,058  spindles  and  22,021  looms,  and  consumed 
68,850,195  pounds  of  cotton  in  128  factories  during  the  year.  For 
1906,  125  factories  were  reported  in  operation  and  the  increase  in 
cotton  manufacturing  plants  in  Mexico  since  that  period  has  been 
limited.  Some  few  factories  may  have  resumed  operations,  but 
others  have  been  closed,  so  that  the  factories  in  operation  to-day  are 
practically  the  same,  as  regards  numbers,  as  in  1905.  There  has 
been  little  increase  in  the  production  of  cotton  goods  in  the  past  few 
years,  consequently  the  number  of  employees  at  the  various  mills 
throughout  the  Republic  at  present  is  only  slightly  larger  than  for 
1905. 

The  larger  percentage  of  factories  in  Mexico  are  employed  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  yarn  and  in  weaving.  Cotton  colored  tissues 
are  manufactured  in  17  factories,  and  there  is  at  least  1  cotton 
underwear  factory.  The  estimated  sales  for  1905  amounted  to 
$25,404,784. 

By  far  the  larger  number  of  factories  are  located  in  the  central 
States,  Puebla  leading  with  29  mills,  in  which  are  operated  113,000 
spindles.  Tlie  State  of  Vera  Cruz  contains  11  mills,  and  the  most 
important  cotton  manufacturing  company  is  found  at  Orizaba,  which 
is  said  to  own  about  one-fifth  of  the  total  cotton  manufacturing  outfit 
of  the  Republic.  The  mills  in  Orizaba  are  modern,  up-to-date  plants, 
complete  in  every  detail — one  of  them  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  largest 
in  the  world — and  of  a  size  which  will  compare  favorably  with  the 
cotton  establishments  in  the  United  States.  A  good  proportion  of 
the  raw  cotton  produced  in  Mexico  is  consumed  in  the  mills  at  Orizaba. 

The  fiber  of  the  Mexican  cotton  is  of  good  length  and  strength, 
thinner,  however,  than  that  of  American  cotton,  less  silky,  and  not 
so  clean.  The  plant  suffers  from  many  pests,  among  which  is  the 
boll  weevil,  which  is  said  to  have  been  known  in  Mexico  fifty  years 
before  it  was  found  in  Texas,  and  is  supposed  to  have  migrated 
thither.  The  ^^  conchueW  is  perhaps  the  most  common  pest,  and  of 
diseases  common  to  the  cotton  plant,  viniela,  or  cotton  smallpox,  is 
prevalent,  and  annually  destroys  large  quantities  of  cotton.     The 


566      INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

Mexican  Government  maintains  no  experimental  stations  for  cottoo 
growth,  but  information  on  the  best  methods  of  parasite  extermina- 
tion is  freely  given  by  the  Government  to  cotton  growers. 

BALING   METHODS. 

Mexican  cotton  is  baled  according  to  improved  methods.  The 
presses  used  are  heavy,  and  the  cotton  is  baled  under  pressure  of 
from  3,000  to  4,000  pounds.  There  are  no  central  presses  in  Mexico 
to  receive  the  cotton  from  various  gins.  Each  plantation  has  its  own 
gin  and  press.  Cotton  is  baled  on  the  premises.  Four  or  five  laborers 
(peons)  are  employed  to  a  baling  press.  Square  bales  are  used,  gen- 
erally weighing  about  500  pounds,  and  five  1-inch  ties  are  used  to  the 
bale.  The  ties  used  are  the  standard  arrow  ties,  1  inch  in  width  and 
Hi  feet  long,  and  weigh  45  pounds  to  the  bundle  of  30  ties.  They  are 
manufactured  principally  in  Monterey,  and  cost  $1.35  per  bundle. 
Buckles  are  used  in  baling,  .as  in  the  United  States.  Gunnies  are 
made  of  ixtle,  the  native  Mexican  fiber,  and  are  manufactured  in  the 
cotton-raising  vicinity. 

Cotton  is  bought  and  sold  by  net  weight  in  Mexico,  and  on  the 
invoice  a  discount  is  made  on  the  gross  weight  for  the  tare. 

COTTON-SEED   PRODUCTS. 

Cotton-seed  products  in  Mexico  are  becoming  more  and  more  a 
commercial  proposition.  Many  manufactories  exist  in  various  sec- 
tions of  the  Republic  where  the  cotton  seed  is  used ;  the  chief  products 
of  which  are  soap,  glycerin,  cotton-seed  oil,  cotton-seed  meal,  and 
cotton-seed  meal  cakes.  The  cotton-seed  meal  is  used,  as  in  other 
countries,  as  a  food  for  fattening  stock  for  market. 

At  Gomez  Palacio,  in  the  State  of  Durango,  is  situated  the  largest 
factory  using  cotton  seed  in  Mexico;  soap,  glycerin,  and  cotton-seed 
oil  being  here  manufactured  in  large  quantities.  Such  factories,  of 
more  or  less  importance,  are  found  in  many  sections  of  Mexico,  and 
the  rapidly  growing  industry  is  fast  becoming  a  prominent  one. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  exports  from  the  United  States 
to  Mexico  of  cotton-seed  products  during  the  fiscal  years  1902-1907, 
and  the  exports  of  cotton-seed  meal  and  cake  from  Mexico  during 
1902-1906: 


Exports  from  United  Exports  of  '  Exports  from  United    Exports  of 

States  to  Mexico.  cotton-seed  States  to  Mexico.    ,  cotini-Mod 

Year.                                                 meal  and  Year.  -         -                         nMAland 

(^:,         Cake  and  cake  from  p.,.         Cake  and    cake  from 

'^"-            meal.          Mexico.      '  ^  "*  menl.          Mexico. 


Metric  tons.  Metric  ttmt. 

1902 11,069,741            1967                 8,235      1905 1692,761  S181  <                iXtU 

1903 1,068,335      247       8,7.38,1906 822,161  665'       M.m 

1904 1,176.996    2.858       9,871   1907 1,008,381  


MEXICO.  567 

The  greater  number  of  the  cotton  mills  of  Mexico  are  of  modem 
construction  and  patterned  largely  after  the  mills  of  the  United  States 
and  continental  Europe.  As  regards  equipment,  not  only  the  mills  of 
Orizaba,  previously  mentioned,  but  practically  all  the  cotton  mills  in 
Mexico,  are  now  equipped  with  modem  machinery.  Many  of  the 
mills  have  recently  abandoned  their  old  machinery  for  that  of  later 
and  more  modem  design,  so  that  it  may  be  safely  stated  that  prac- 
tically all  the  cotton  mills  in  the  Republic  are  modem  in  equipment. 

The  United  States  furnishes  about  one-third  of  the  machinery  used 
in  Mexico  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods,  the  remaining  two- 
thirds,  as  now  employed,  coming  from  England  and  Germany.  The 
bleaching,  dyeing,  and  printing  establishments  are  usually  of  modem 
construction  and  equipped  with  all  up-to-date  appliances.  Motive 
power  is  supplied  by  steam,  water,  and  electricity.  Steam  is  very 
largely  used,  but  owing  to  the  extension  of  electric  power  in  nearly 
every  portion  of  the  country,  electricity  is  coming  more  and  more 
into  general  use  and  is  gradually  supplanting  steam  and  water  as  a 
motive  power  for  cotton  manufacturing. 

The  quality  of  the  Mexican  cotton  goods  output  is  constantly  im- 
proving. Not  only  the  cheaper  grades  of  cotton  prints  but  many  of 
the  finer  classes  are  now  manufactured.  The  output  includes  cotton 
sheetings  (bleached  and  unbleached),  tickings,  linings,  drills,  mezclillo 
(mixed  gray  cloth),  shirtings,  printed  percales,  Marseille  quilts,  cotton 
napkins,  tablecloths,  handkerchiefs,  and  cloths  of  mixed  woolen  and 
cotton.  Knitted  garments  and  fleece-lined  underwear  are  rtianu- 
factured,  although  this  industry  is  in  its  infancy. 

Unbleached  sheetings  are  manufactured  IJ  meters  (meter=39.37 
inches)  in  width  and  28  to  30  meters  to  the  bolt;  domestic  unbleached, 
60,  65,  70,  75,  and  80  centimeters  (centimeter=0.3937  inch)  in  width, 
25  to  30  meters  to  the  bolt;  bleached  sheetings  li,  1},  and  2  meters  in 
width,  45  to  50  meters  to  the  bolt;  domestic  bleached,  60,  65,  70,  75, 
and  80  centimeters  in  >\4dth,  42  to  50  meters  to  the  bolt.  Drills  are 
woven  1  meter  60  centimeters  wide,  and  in  lengths  of  45  meters; 
percales,  77  centimeters  wide,  in  lengths  of  35  meters. 

SHOE  AND  LEATHER  TBADE. 

The  boot  and  shoe  industry  is  in  its  infancy  in  Mexico,  according  to 
a  report  made  on  the  subject  by  A.  B.  Butman,  special  agent  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  There  are 
not  more  than  10  or  12  modernly  equipped  factories  in  the  Republic, 
3  of  which  are  situated  in  Mexico  City,  1  in  Tacubaya,  a  suburb  of 
the  capital,  and  the  remainder  in  Puebla,  the  capital  of  the  State  of 
the  same  name,  which  adjoins  the  Federal  district;  Guadalajara,  the 
capital  of  the  Pacific  coast  State  of  Jalisco;  Mazatlan,  an  important 
Pacific  coast  city  of  Sinaloa;  Parral,  in  the  State  of  Chihuahua,  and 


568      INTERNATIONAL  BUEEAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


Saltillo,  in  the  adjoining  State  of  Coahnila.  Most  of  these  factories, 
judged  from  the  standpoint  of  the  United  States,  would  be  considered 
small,  and  their  output  as  ranking  accordingly.  The  output  of  the 
largest  factory  is  about  2,000  pairs  a  day,  of  the  second  largest  1,000 
pairs  a  day,  while  the  remainder  turn  out  from  50  to  450  pairs  a  day 
each.  Numerous  small  shops  are  foimd  in  all  localities,  where  a  few 
workmen  are  employed  in  manufacturing  shoes  to  order  and  by  hand. 
The  exports  of  boots  and  shoes  from  the  United  States  to  Mexico 
for  the  fiscal  years  1904-1907  were  as  follows: 


Year. 


Pairs. 


1904 496,183 

1905 683,840 


Value. 


1786,602 
1,116,598 


Year. 


1906. 
1907. 


Pairs. 


Vala 


848,398  !    Sl,fi2B,aM 
810,859  ;       l,5m,m 


American  upper  leathers  are  employed  in  Mexican  shoe  industaies, 
together  with  those  of  native  tanning.  The  values  of  exports  of 
upper  and  other  leathers  from  the  United  States  to  Mexico  for  the 
fiscal  years  ended  June  30,  1904-1907,  were  as  follows: 


Description. 

1904.           1905.           1906.           1907. 

Bole  leather. 

S19,097        $3,049  j         $780  1           $» 
3,987          1,679          3,270  ;        2S,M 
1,812          1,002  <            630  '             9$ 

Kid,  glazed 

Patent  or  enameled 

Splits,  buff,  grain,  and  all  other  upper 

26,936        36,807        30,171  !        30,W 
29,827        36,960        46,502  ,        41.a 

ifll  other  leather 

Total 

81,669        80,126  1      80,452,        M»W 

Harness  and  saddles  were  exported  from  the  United  States  to  Mex- 
ico to  the  value  of  $44,798,  $78,664,  $81,427,  and  $95,422,  respec- 
tively, during  the  same  years.  A  certain  amount  of  high-grade 
saddlery  and  harness  is  annually  imported  from  England  and  France. 

It  will  be  noted  that  very  little  American  sole  leather  is  used,  this 
stock  being  largely  Mexican,  as  the  cost  of  production  in  Mexico  is 
much  less  than  in  the  United  States. 

The  duty  on  leather  and  leather  goods  entering  Mexico  is  as  fol- 
lows per  legal  kilo  (2.2046  pounds):  Soft  tanned  skins,  79.68  cents; 
sole  leather,  49.8  cents;  harness,  etc.,  99.6  cents;  traveling  bags  and 
trunks,  99.6  cents;  belting  for  machinery,  27.4  cents;  gloves  and 
similar  articles,  74.7  cents  to  $2.99.  Shoes,  according  to  the  dimen- 
sions of  the  sole,  per  pair,  34.9  cents  to  87.15  cents. 

Small  tanneries  exist  in  most  of  the  cities  and  towns,  although  the 
tanning  and  leather  trade  of  the  Republic  is  chiefly  centered  in 
Mexico  City  and  Leon.  It  is  customary,  also,  on  many  haciendas 
throughout  the  country  to  conduct  tanning  operations  to^such  an 
extent  as  to  provide  from  the  hides  and  skins  produced  on  the  place 
all  leather  needed  by  the  laborers.     These  domestic  enterprises  can 


MEXICO.  569 

not  be  properly  regarded  as  commercial  tamieries  and  do  not  produce 
leather  suitable  for  the  leather  trade. 

Cascalote  is  the  national  tanning  material,  being  used  throughout 
the  Republic,  and  is  exported  in  large  quantities.  Toluca  is  the  most 
important  point  of  distribution  of  this  valuable  product,  the  towns 
of  Iguala,  Zitacuaro,  Morelia,  Patzcuaro,  and  Uruapan  dealing  in  the 
same  to  lesser  extent.  The  city  of  Leon  consumes  about  13,250 
pounds  of  cascalote  daily,  nt  a  cost  varying  from  7  to  7 J  cents  per  2.2 
pounds.  The  price  in  Mexico  City  is  $54  a  ton.  The  State  of  Guer- 
rero supplies  over  500  tons  of  cascalote  annually,  and  the  output 
could  be  greatly  increased.  As  the  cascalote  regions  become  more 
carefully  cultivated  there  is  a  tendency,  I  am  informed,  to  destroy 
the  cascalote  trees  without  looking  to  their  replacement  in  the  untilla- 
ble  areas.  This  would  seem  a  serious  mistake,  inasmuch  as  cascalote 
is  bound  to  become  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  the  natural  resources 
of  the  districts  producing  it. 

Sole  leather  is  the  principal  product  of  Mexican  tanneries,  but  a 
considerable  amount  of  upper  and  harness  leather  is  produced. 
There  is  also  considerable  output  of  mediocre  morocco,  or  glazed  kid, 
made  from  the  '^cabretta/^  or  hair  sheepskins,  so  common  in  Mexico. 
Several  tanneries  are  also  making  a  small  amount  of  enameled 
leather  on  cowhide,  coltskin,  and  pigskin.  It  is  mostly  of  an  inferior 
quality. 

Statistics  are  not  available  as  to  the  production  of  hides  for  the 
entire  Republic,  and  only  the  official  data  as  to  the  export  are  to  be 
had.  The  output  of  the  tanneries  of  the  Federal  district  of  Mexico 
and  of  the  city  of  Leon,  which  are  the  chief  points  of  leather  manu- 
facture of  the  country,  can  be  determined.  In  these  2  markets  there 
are  tanned  daily  about  600  Jarge  hides  and  about  800  throughout  the 
rest  of  the  country,  making  an  annual  total  of  about  400,000,  at  least, 
or  110,000,000  pounds.  There  are  probably  at  present  about 
26,500,000  pounds  of  this  rawhide  tanned  in  Mexico  annually,  which 
produce,  under  present  methods,  barely  12,125,000  pounds  of  manu- 
factured leather. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  dealers  in  live  stock  in  the  Republic  fur- 
nishes the  following  information  concerning  the  approximate  num- 
ber of  hides  and  skins  produced  annually  in  Mexico:  Goatskins, 
2,000,500,  weighing  20  pounds  a  dozen  and  valued  at  65  cents  per  2.2 
poimds;  beef  hides,  2,000,000,  weighing  46  pounds  each  and  valued 
at  20  cents  per  2.2  pounds;  sheepskins,  1,000,000,  weighmg  26^ 
pounds  a  dozen  and  valued  at  40  cents  per  2.2  pounds. 


570      INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN  REPUBLICS. 

The  following  statistics  showing  the  exports  of  hides  and  skins 
from  Mexico  for  the  fiscal  years  1904,  1905,  and  1906  are  taken  from 
the  ^^Boletin  Estadistica  Fiscal:'^ 


Description. 


-Cattle  hides 
Ooatskliis.. 
Bheepsklns. 
Deerskins.. 
Lizardsldns 

Pigskins 

Unclassified 

Total. 


Quantities. 

Value. 

1904. 

1906. 

1906. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

Povnds. 

12,133,678 

5,798,794 

452 

627,285 

263,541 

35,024 

7,697 

Pounds. 

13,122,784 

5,932,945 

1,254 

583,360 

191,022 

28,417 

34,964 

Pounds. 

15,690,317 

7,099,221 

16,884 

636,758 

131,071 

50,243 

186,941 

91,252,848 

1,785,177 

342 

173,244 

46,227 

3,511 

2,611 

$1,444,726 

1,810,270 

100 

163,651 

41,304 

3,358 

4,676 

61,511,01 

185,  5« 
25,570 

1S.0« 

18,866,371 

19,894,745 

23,811,436 

3,263,960 

3,468,085 

3,913.288 

THE  SUaAB  INDTJSTBT. 

For  the  purpose  of  protecting  and  advancing  the  sugar  industry  in 
Mexico,  a  presidential  decree  went  into  effect  as  a  law  at  midnight 
February  15,  1908,  raising  the  duty  on  common  sugar,  candy  sugar, 
and  refined  sugar  of  all  kinds,  to  5  cents  for  each  kilo  (2.2  pounds), 
gross  weight.     The  duty  formerly  prevailing  was  2  J  cents  a  kilo. 

The  most  important  sugar  mill  in  Morelos,  the  center  of  the  indus- 
try, is  at  Teuxtepango,  which  h^dles  the  cane  for  the  surrounding 
country,  as  well  as  that  growij  on  the  owner's  hacienda,  or  plantation. 
About  3,750  tons  are  estimated  as  likely  to  be  turned  out  during  the 
present  season. 

On  February  1,  the  plant  of  The  Mexican  National  Sugar  Refining 
Company  was  put  into  operation  at  El  Portero,  in  the  State  of  Vera 
Cruz,  which  will  have  a  daily  capacity  of  125,000  pounds  of  sugar. 
The  company,  which  is  composed  of  American  capitalists,  has  con- 
structed a  modem  plant,  equipped  with  the  most  up-to-date  sugar- 
making  machinerj^,  from  the  United  States. 

For  the  fiscal  year  1900,  the  production  of  sugar  in  Mexico  was 
estimated  at  75,000  tons,  while  the  production  for  1906  reached  107,- 
500  tons.  The  production  for  the  present  season  will  probably  be, 
according  to  the  present  estimates,  about  the  same  quantity.  A  lack 
of  rainfall  in  some  sections  prevented  what  had  been  previously  esti- 
mated as  a  record  cane  crop. 

The  falling  off  in  exports  for  1906,  which  represented  in  value  about 
$2,500,000  United  States  currency,  was  due  to  the  sugar  crisis  affecting 
the  American  and  European  markets.  The  effects  of  this  abnormal 
decline  were  modified  in  a  degree  to  the  Mexican  planter  by  the 
increased  domestic  demand  sufficient  to  maintain  lucrative  prices  for 
his  product. 

A  great  deal  of  land  in  Mexico  is  suited  to  cane  growing,  and  it  is 
doubtless  due  to  the  primitive  methods  of  cultivation  and  manufac- 
ture employed,  as  well  as  the  former  difficulties  in^the  way  of  trans- 


MEXTOO.  571 

portation,  that  the  Republic  has  not  entered  more  largely  mto  the 
sugar  export  trade.  Great  fertility  of  soil  abounds  in  the  GKilf  States, 
and  the  rainfall  is  ample,  being  estimated  at  about  100  inches  annually. 
In  the  inland  State  of  Morelos,  however,  where  the  largest  quantity  of 
sugar  is  produced,  irrigation  is  necessary,  as  is  also  true  of  cane  lands 
on  the  Pacific  coast.  Lands  on  the  elevated  levels  will  yield  less  than 
the  lowlands.  From  25  to  45  tons  of  cane  an  acre  is  an  average  yield 
on  the  elevated  plantations  and  from  40  to  60  tons  in  the  trojncal  lands. 
Replanting  is  necessary  more  often  in  the  highlands  than  in  the  low- 
lands, where  every  seven  or  eight  years  is  sufficient.  The  cane  grows 
to  a  large  size,  especiaUy  in  the  Gulf  States  region,  and  crushed  at  full 
maturity  yields  a  density  of  from  9®  to  11  i®  Baum^. 

GOAT  BEA&INO  IN  THB  BBPTJBLIC. 

The  present  market  conditions  of  the  goat-rearing  industry  of  the 
Mexican  State  of  Durango,  as  reported  by  United  States  Consul 
Charles  M.  Freeman,  show  that  the  year  1907  was,  on  account  of  the 
extended  and  sharp  drought  in  this  part  of  Mexico,  one  of  the  poorest 
in  many  years  for  those  engaged  in  goat  raising.  For  that  reason 
a  person  contemplating  an  investment  in  that  business  in  this  State 
can  buy  g|oats,  either  fat  or  thin,  at  greatly  reduced  figures  from  the 
usual  price.  The  average  price  in  Mexican  currency  ($1  of  which 
is  worth  49.8  cents  American)  is  from  $3  to  $4.60  each  for  fat  and 
from  $2  to  $3  for  thin  goats.  At  present  fat  goats  can  be  bought 
for  $2.75,  and  the  best  thin  ones  for  $2. 

Goat  hides  are  selling  for  $1  per  kilo  (2.2  pounds).  The  usual 
price  is  about  $1 .75.  On  accoimt  of  the  financial  conditions  prevailing 
in  the  United  States,  which  is  the  market  to  which  all  goatskins  are 
exported  from  this  consular  district,  the  price  has  dropped.  Only 
one  firm  is  buying.  The  lack  of  feed  compels  breeders  to  kill  or  sell 
at  the  best  obtainable  prices.  The  two  conditions  which  breeders 
have  had  to  meet,  namely,  the  drought  and  the  closing  of  the  hide 
market,  makes  an  opportunity  for  a  person  contemplating  an  invest- 
ment in  the  business. 

Goat  herders  are  paid  $10  per  month  and  rations,  the  latter  costing 
about  $7  more.  Bads  are  dropped  once  each  seven  months  and 
the  average  per  1,000  nannies  is  about  1,300  every  seven  months. 
Of  the  kids  dropped  90  per  cent  are  saved  by  careful  herders.  Land 
suitable  for  breeding  goats  is  not,  so  far  as  can  be  learned,  on  the 
market  for  lease.  There  are  several  tracts  of  land  in  this  vicinity 
which  are  called  good  goat  land  for  sale,  but  none  containing  500,000 
acres.  In  usual  years  the  tallow  obtained  from  the  goats  killed  pays 
for  all  expenses  of  raising.  The  hides  and  meat  may  be  considered 
profit.     Tallow  is  worth  35  cents  per  kilo. 

33228--Bull. 


572     INTERNATIONAL  BUBBAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEPXJBUCCS. 
NEW  CONSULATES  IN  CENTRAL  AMEBICA. 

The  Mexican  Congress  has  approved  the  recommendation  of  the 
Department  of  Foreign  Relations  concerning  the  establishing  of 
new  consulates  in  Central  America,  and  the  following  consuls  have 
been  appointed  by  the  Department:  Sr.  Fidel  RoDBfarncz  Parra, 
Consul  in  Guatemala;  Sr.  Juan  B.  Delgado,  Consul-Greneral  in 
Nicaragua;  Sr.  Jose  M.  Chapareo,  Consul-General  in  Costa  Rica; 
Sr.  Jost  Manuel  Gutierrez  Zamora,  Consul-Greneral  in  Honduras, 
and  Sr.  Bernardo  Ceballos,  Consul-General  in  Salvador. 


NICARAGUA. 

INCBEASED  ISSXTE  OF  EXPORTATION  BONDS. 

On  February  6,  1908,  the  Government  of  the  Republic  of  Nica- 
ragua ordered  that  the  issue  of  exportation  bonds  decreed  on  Novem- 
ber 20,  1907,  be  increased  from  $75,000  to  $400,000  gold,  including 
the  amount  already  issued.  The  decree  of  November  20,  1907,  was 
published  in  the  Bulletin  for  December,  1907. 

OT7TTA-PEBCHA  CONCESSION. 

The  ^^Oaceta  Ofiddl**  of  Nicaragua  of  January  28,  1908,  publishes 
the  text  of  a  contract  entered  into  between  the  Government  and 
Mr.  Rene  John  La  Villebeuvre  on  the  28th  of  November,  1907, 
and  approved  by  the  National  Legislative  Assembly  on  18th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1907.  By  the  terms  of  the  contract  Mr.  La  Vuxebeuvbe  is 
granted  exclusive  privilege  for  twenty  years  to  extract  and  manu- 
facture the  gum  from  the  gutta-percha  trees  situated  in  national 
lands  in  the  Territory  of  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,  the  district  of  Prinza- 
polka,  the  Department  of  Jinotega,  and  that  part  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Nueva  Segovia  situated  west  of  the  eighty-sixth  meridian. 
The  concessionaire  shall  pay  the  Government  2  cents  gold  per  kilo- 
gram of  gum  extracted.  All  machinery,  materials,  etc.,  to  be  em- 
ployed in  this  industry  by  the  concessionaire  may  be  imported  free 
of  duty  diunng  the  period  of  the  contract. 

CONCESSION   FOB    THE    EXPLOITATION    OF   MINERALS   ANB 
PBECIOTJS  STONES. 

The  National  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Nicaraguan  Republic 
approved  on  January  6,  1908,  an  important  contract  entered  into 
between  the  Government  and  Mr.  Rene  John  La  Villebeuvre  on 
December  6,  1907,  and  published  in  the  "Ociceta  Oficial*'  of  Jan- 
uary 28,  1908,  whereby  the  Government  grants  said  Mr.  La  Villb- 
BEUVBE  a  lease  of  all  mines,  mineral  deposits,  mines  abandoned  in 
accordance  with  law,  lands,  streams,  river  beds,  etc.,  containing 


NICARAGUA.  578 

gold;  silver,  coal,  oil,  precious  stones,  and  all  other  kinds  of  minerals 
and  precious  metals;  in  other  words,  all  that  maybe  included  under 
the  term  of  minerals  and  precious  stones,  foimd  in  the  district  of 
Prinzapolka,  Department  of  Zelaya,  in  the  Siima  and  Malis  ravines, 
in  the  River  Banbana  up  to  the  point  where  it  meets  with  the  River 
Banbana  Cruz,  in  the  tributaries  of  the  former  from  their  respective 
headwaters,  and  in  an  area  extending  from  said  ravines,,  the  Ban- 
bana River  and  its  tributaries,  with  a  width  of  2i  kilometers  on  each 
side  of  the  river  bed  and  the  headwaters  of  its  tributaries.  Mines 
claimed  previously  to  the  approval  of  the  contract  by  the  Legislative 
Assembly  are  excepted.  Dming  the  term  of  the  contract,  the  mines 
exploited  by  the  concessionaire  shall  be  exempt  from  the  payment 
of  taxes,  except  the  license  fees  prescribed  by  the  mining  code;  the 
concessionaire  shall  have  the  right  to  import  free  of  duty  all  ma- 
chinery, materials,  etc.,  necessary  for  the  exploitation  of  the  mines, 
and  he  shall  pay  to  the  Grovemment  during  the  period  of  contract  10 
per  cent  of  the  net  profits  derived  from  the  exploitation  of  the 
niines.  The  concessionaire  may  establish  navigation  lines  in  the 
Rivers  Prinzapolka  and  Banbana,  and  construct  a  railroad,  in  order 
to  facilitate  the  proper  operation  of  the  mines.  The  duration  of  the 
contract  shall  be  thirty  years  from  the  date  of  its  approval  by  the 
Legislative  Assembly. 

DBEDGING  AND  NAVIGATION  OF  THE  BIV^B  GBANDE. 

Under  date  of  December  21, 1907,  the  National  Legislative  Assem- 
bly of  Nicaragua  approved  a  contract  entered  into  between  the 
Government  of  the  Republic  and  Doctor  Jesus  Hebnandez  Somoza 
on  November  30,  1906,  and  published  in  the  ''Gaceta  Oficiar*  of 
January  21, 1908,  for  the  dredging  and  deepening  of  the  River  Grande 
at  its  bar,  in  order  that  vessels  engaged  in  the  banana  trade  may 
enter  the  river.  The  concessionaire  shall  begin  the  work  within 
one  year  and  complete  it  within  another  year  from  the  date  of  the 
ratification  of  the  contract  by  the  legislative  assembly.  The  amount 
of  money  to  be  invested  in  said  work  shall  not  be  less  than  $100,000 
American  gold. 

The  concessionaire  shall  establish  a  line  of  steamers  or  gasoline 
boats,  or  of  both,  in  said  River  Grande  and  its  tributaries,  and  shall 
construct  tramway,  telephone,  and  telegraph  lines;  the  first  vessel 
shall  navigate  the  river  within  eighteen  months  after  the  legislative 
approval  of  the  contract,  and  the  navigation  of  the  river  by  the  vessels 
of  the  concessionaire  shall  continue  during  the  whole  period  of  the 
contract.  The  steamers  shall  make  periodical  round  trips  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river  to  a  point  along  it.  The  Government  grants 
the  concessionaire  the  jright  to  acquire  '88,000  manzanas  (about 
138,400  acres)  of  pubUc  land  at  the  rates  prescribed  by  the  public 


574     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN   REFUBIiICS. 

land  law  of  1902.     The  concessionaire  may  introduce  immigrants 
for  the  colonization  and  cultivation  of  the  lands  he  may  acquire. 

The  concessionaire  shall  construct  a  warehouse  and  a  "vrharf  in 
Man  of  War  Cay  Island,  where  the  ocean  steamers  may  load  and  un- 
load cargo  while  the  bar  of  the  river  is  being  dredged  and  until 
vessels  may  enter  the  river.  For  reasoiis  of  convenience,  the  Man  of 
War  Cay  Island,  shall  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the  port  of  Zelaya. 

As  a  compensation  for  the  services  which  the  farmers  and  mer- 
chants may  receive  from  the  concessionnaire,  the  latter  shall  have 
the  right  to  collect  a  tax  of  5  cents  on  each  bimch  of  bananas,  or 
fraction  thereof,  shipped  for  export.  The  concessionaire  may  also 
collect  a  tax  of  from  S4  to  S8  per  foot  draft  of  each  vessel  entering 
the  port.  During  the  period  of  the  contract,  the  steamers,  property, 
and  products  of  the  concessionaire  shall  be  exempt  from  the  pay- 
ment of  taxes,  and  he  shall  have  the  right  to  import  free  of  duty  all 
machinery,  materials,  etc.,  that  may  be  necessary  to  carry  out  the 
provisions  of  the  contract.  Mail  matter  shall  be  transported  free 
of  charge  in  the  steamers  of  the  concessionaire. 

The  privileges  granted  tmder  this  contract  shall  be  in  force  for 
a  period  of  thirty  years  from  the  date  of  its  ratification  by  the  legis- 
lature. At  the  end  of  that  period  the  warehouses  and  wharfs  of  the 
concessionaire  shall  become  the  property  of  the  Gk>vemment,  and 
the  steamers,  railroads,  telephones  and  telegraphs  shall  be  sold  to  the 
same  in  case  it  should  decide  to  purchase  them.  The  concessionaire 
shall  make  a  deposit  of  S5,000  gold  in  the  general  treasury  of  the 
Republic  within  six  months  after  the  ratification  of  the  contract  by 
the  national  assembly. 

NEW  BAILWAY. 

The  Government  of  Nicaragua  has  contracted  with  Messrs.  Cxhda 
AND  MtrSoz,  to  organize  a  company  to  construct  a  railroad  from  the 
port  of  San  Juan  del  Sur  on  the  Pacific,  through  Rivas,  and  ter- 
minating at  San  Jorge,  or  at  any  other  port  of  entry  on  the  Grand 
Lake.  The  company  shall  organize,  within  six  months  from  the 
date  of  the  approval  of  the  contract  by  the  president  and  the  ratifi- 
cation by  the  national  assembly,  and  the  new  line  shall  be  known  as 
Compafiia  dd  FerrocarrU  Meridional  (Southern  Railway  Company). 
The  principal  stipulations  of  the  contract  are  as  follows: 
The  company  shall  make  the  proper  survey  for  the  construction 
of  the  railway,  shall  commence  work  within  thirty  days  from  the 
date  of  its  notification  to  the  Government  of  the  organization  thereof, 
shall  submit  plans  to  the  Department  of  Fomento  for  approval,  and 
on  being  approved  the  construction  of  the  line  shall  commence. 


NIOABAQUA.  576 

The  company  agrees  to  construct  a  road  of  the  same  gauge  as  the 
National  Raiboad,  and  to  build  such  stations  as  may  be  necessary 
for  passenger  traffic,  the  transportation  of  merchandise,  etc. 

As  to  the  gradeS;  curves,  gauge  of  the  track  and  weight  of  the 
rails,  the  company  is  subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  observed 
by  the  existing  railroad,  and,  in  addition,  shall  construct  switches, 
water  tanks,  warehouses  for  wood  and  coal,  shops,  etc. 

The  company  agrees  to  carry  the  Gk>veniment  mail  gratis,  as  well 
as  the  employees  engaged  in  the  railway  mail  service,  and  to  carry 
for  half  fare  all  Government  employees  traveling  in  the  service  of 
the  Government,  as  well  as  the  agents  and  guards  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  police,  prisoners  and  their  guards,  troops,  arms, 
and  ammunition  in  time  of  war. 

In  the  latter  case  the  Government  may  take  over  the  company 
on  its  own  account,  paying  to  it  an  amount  equal  to  the  net  profit 
earned  in  the  previous  year  during  the  same  period  of  time,  and 
shall  also  pay  such  losses  and  damages  as  may  have  been  caused  to 
the  company,  in  accordance  with  the  estimate  of  expert  appraisers. 

The  company  shall  have  the  exclusive  right  to  make  the  railway 
tariff,  which  shall  not  exceed  5  cents  gold  per  mile,  for  first-class 
passage,  2^  cents  gold  per  mile  for  second-class  passage,  and  the 
maximum  freight  rate  shall  be  10  cents  gold  per  ton  per  mile. 

Should  the  Government  decide  to  grant  the  exclusive  right  to  con- 
struct a  railway  between  Rivas  and  Granada,  the  Southern  Railway 
Company  shall  have  the  right  of  preference. 

The  Government  grants  the  company  the  right  to  construct  and 
operate  at  the  railway  terminus  on  the  lake,  except  at  the  port  of 
San  Jose,  a  wharf  with  its  corresponding  warehouse,  and  the  company 
may  establish  one  or  more  steamers  on  the  Great  Lake  for  the  trans- 
portation of  passengers  and  freight  and  the  number  of  steamers  that 
it  may  deem  advisable  on  the  Pacific  for  coastwise  trade  with  Cen- 
tral American  ports. 

On  the  expiration  of  thirty  years  from  the  date  of  the  inauguration 
of  the  railway  the  Government  shall  have  the  right  to  take  posses- 
sion of  the  road  and  its  appurtenances,  upon  payment  of  the  cost  of 
the  materials  and  such  construction  and  improvements  as  have  been 
subsequently  made,  or  on  the  payment  of  the  amoimt  fixed  by  ex- 
pert appraisement,  at  the  option  of  the  Government,  making  the 
payment  in  bonds  drawing  6  per  cent  annual  interest,  redeemable  in 
six  years  by  semiannual  allotments,  and  guaranteed  by  a  mortgage 
on  the  railroad,  or  the  payment  may  be  made  in  cash.  If  the  Gov- 
ernment does  not  exercise  this  right  within  the  term  specified,  it  may, 
at  the  expiration  of  torty  years,  take  possession  of  the  road  under  the 
aforesaid  conditions  with  a  reduction  of  25  per  cent,  and  if  it  does 
not  desire  to  use  this  right  it  may,  at  the  expiration  of  fifty  years. 


576      INTEBNATIONAL   BTJBEAU   OF   THE  AMBRIOAN   BEPXJBLJCS. 

take  possessiort  of  the  whole  road  without  the  payment  of  a  con- 
sideration. 

During  the  term  of  the  concession  the  aforesaid  company  sh&U 
have  the  right  to  import,  free  of  all  duties,  the  materials,  appliances, 
tools,  telegraphic  and  telephonic  apparatus  and  materials,  as  well  as 
everything  it  may  deem  essential  for  the  construction  of  wharves  and 
warehouses,  and  also  the  appliances  and  materials  to  be  used  for  the 
steamers  of  the  company. 

The  company  shall  have  its  principal  office  in  Rivas,  and  if  it 
transfers  its  rights  to  a  foreign  peraon  or  company,  the  latter  shall 
always  maintain  its  principal  office  in  Nicaragua. 

After  the  opening  of  the  railway  to  traffic  and  public  service  the 
Government  guarantees  to  the  company  7  per  cent  annual  interest 
on  the  amoimt  of  the  capital  invested  in  the  entire  line. 


PANAMA. 

FOREIGN  TBADE  IN  1907. 

According  to  information  furnished  the  Monthly  Buluettn  by 
Mr.  IsiDOBO  Hazeba,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  Republic  of 
Panama,  the  imports  and  exports  of  that  country  in  1907  were 
$17,204,983.77  and  $1,960,664.92,  respectively.  The  following  table 
shows  the  imports  in  1907  by  coimtries: 

United  States $5, 196, 964. 38 

England 2, 028, 112. 01 

Gennany 1, 061, 858. 75 

France 334, 906.49 

Spain 191,908.15 

Italy 189, 71L  75 

Belgium 149, 765. 18 

Holland 4, 348. 00 

Hongkong  (from  Japan  and  Australia) 97, 213. 65 

West  Indies,  including  Gurazao 88, 435. 39 

Chile 60,101.15 

Salvador 91, 850. 00 

Ecuador 30, 536. 31 

Venezuela 30, 101.20 

Grautemala 4, 450.00 

Peru 4, 187 .  50 

Imports  from  New  York  to  the  Canal  Zone  without  the  payment  of 
duties 7, 640, 533. 86 

Total  imports  in  1907 17, 204, 983.77 


PERU.  577 

The  following  table  shows  the  exports  of  the  Republic  in  detail  in 
1907: 

From  Bocas  del  Toro: 

Bananas , $1,388,321.75 

Brier  wood 14, 180.00 

Turtle-ahells 8, 347. 50 

Caoutchouc 8, 335. 00 

Cacao 2,673.00 

Cocoanuts 1, 227. 00 

$1,423,084.25 

From  Portobelo: 

Cocoanuts 126,046.06 

Vegetable  ivory 11, 014 .  00 

Lime,  etc 5, 279. 00 

Milk  of  the  medlar  tree 4, 704. 00 

Turtle-ahells 4, 690. 00 

Cacao 2,950.00 

Woods 200.00 

Caoutchouc 97. 00 

Hides 66. 00 

155.046.06 

From  Panama: 

Sundry  products 282, 866. 66 

From  Colon: 

Cocoanuts,  vegetable  ivory,  hides,  etc 99, 667. 95 

Total  exports  in  1907 1, 960, 664. 92 

A  comparison  of  the  exports  of  1906,  $1,064,201;  with  those  of  1907, 
$1,960,664.92,  shows  an  increase  in  the  latter  year  of  $842,643.92. 


PERU, 

CUSTOMS  BEVENXTES  DXJBING  1907. 

The  maritime  custom-houses  of  the  Republic  of  Peru,  collected  dur- 
ing the  first  half  of  1907,  a  total  revenue  of  £513,791  48.  7d.,  of  which 
sum  £348,226  2s.  73d.  are  credited  to  the  port  of  Callao.  Mollendo,  the 
second  port  in  importance,  is  credited  with  £80,066  3s.  73d. 

According  to  figures  pubUshed  by  "£Z  AiLxiliar  dd  Comerdo^'  of 
Callao,  Peru,  in  its  issue  for  January  25,  1907,  the  custom-house  of 
Mollendo  collected  during  the  year  1907  a  total  revenue  of  £176,564 
3s.  40d.,  as  against  £160,372  6s.  15d«  collected  in  1906,  an  increase  of 
£16,192  7s.  25d.  The  revenue  in  1904  amountd  to  £135,453  Os.  40d. 
and  in  1905  to  £145,364  Is.  82d. 

COMMEBCE  WITH  NEW  YOBK  FIBST  NINE  MONTHS  OF  1907. 

According  to  a  report  of  the  Peruvian  consul-general  at  New  York, 
the  commerce  between  that  port  and  the  Republic  of  Peru  during  the 
first  nine  months  of  1907  was  as  follows:  Imports  from  Peru  into  New 


578     INTEBNATIONAL  BUEBAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   BEPUBLJC6. 

York,  $4,308,683;  exports  from  Peru  to  New  York,  $3,794,093.  A 
comparison  of  these  figures  shows  that  the  balance  of  trade  is  in  f &Tor 
of  Peru,  amounting  to  $514,590. 

BECONSTBXJCnON  OF  THE  MOaXJEGUA  BAILBOAI>. 

By  virtue  of  a  supreme  resolution  of  January  3,  1908,  the  Peruvian 
Government  accepted  the  bid  of  Mr.  M.  Bustamante  y  B.  for  the 
reconstruction  of  the  Moquegua  Railroad  at  a  cost  of  £23,286,  which 
was  the  lowest  of  the  4  presented. 

The  railroad  referred  to  is  that  from  Ilo  to  Moquegua;  was  inaugu- 
rated on  February  21,  1873,  with  an  extension  of  100  kilometers,  and 
destroyed  dming  the  war  with  Chile.  At  various  times  attempts  were 
made  to  carry  out  the  reconstruction  of  the  line,  but  without  success. 

In  accordance  with  the  contract  entered  into  with  Mr.  Bustamante, 
the  delivery  to  the  Government  of  the  completed  parts  of  the  line  shall 
be  made  in  sections  of  20  kilometers,  and  the  whole  line  shall  be 
turned  over  to  the  Government  six  months  after  the  last  section  shall 
have  been  deUvered.  An  additional  section  of  1  kilometer  shall  be 
constructed  to  reach  Moquegua.  The  work  of  construction  shall  be 
finished  nine  months  after  the  delivery  of  an  engine  to  the  con- 
tractor, under  penalty  of  a  fine  of  10  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  work 
imfinished  at  the  expiration  of  said  period. 

BAIIiWAY  DEVELOPMENT  IN  1907  AND  10O8. 

In  a  valuable  report  made  to  the  United  States  Department  of 
Commerce  and  Labor  imder  date  of  January  11, 1908,  Mr.  Chables  M. 
Pepper  states  that  Peru,  notwithstanding  monetary  conditions,  is 
likely  to  continue  a  fair  buyer  of  rails  and  railway  material  during 
1908,  particularly  if  there  is  a  reduction  in  the  price.  Orders  given 
more  than  a  year  ago  are  now  being  filled  and  the  material  is  arriving. 
By  the  time  all  of  it  is  delivered  the  probability  is  that  further  mate- 
rial will  be  demanded,  in  order  to  complete  extensions  and  improve- 
ments already  in  progress  and  possibly  to  provide  for  some  of  the  new 
projects.  The  prospective  purchases  include  rails,  ties,  bridge  mate- 
rial, and  rolling  stock.  The  Peruvian  railways  are  supplied  almost 
entirely  from  the  United  States,  particularly  when  locomotives  and 
rolling  stock  are  wanted,  and  the  outlook  has  therefore  a  special 
interest  for  American  manufactiu'ers. 

The  heaviest  buyer  is  the  Peruvian  Corporation,  of  London,  which 
operates  the  State  railways,  under  lease,  and  which,  through  an 
arrangement  with  the  Government,  is  carrying  out  the  prolongations 
and  extensions  of  several  of  these  lines.  During  1907  the  Peruvian 
Corporation  received  14,000  tons  of  steel  rails,  312,000  ties,  and  mate- 
rial for  4  bridges  of  from  85  to  230  feet  in  length.  A  large  order  for 
locomotives  was  filled  in  the  previous  year. 


PERU.  579 

The  Cerro  de  Pasco  Mining  Company,  which  completed  and  opeaed 
its  branch  line  to  the  Gollarisquisca  coal  mines,  in  addition  to  the  rails 
for  that  branch  was  a  purchaser  of  rolling  stock,  its  orders  including 
2  locomotives,  15  forty-ton  steel*hopper  coal  cars,  25  ore  cars,  10  flat 
cars,  12  gondolas,  10  under  frame  boxes,  and  2  cabooses.  Some  of 
these  orders  have  been  filled  and  deliveries  are  now  being  made  of 
others.  The  growth  of  traffic  in  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  district  indicates 
that  further  additions  to  the  rolling  stock  will  be  required. 

The  Peruvian  Government  has  imdertaken  the  reconstruction  of  the 
line  in  the  south  from  the  port  of  Do  to  Moquegua,  which  was  par- 
tially destroyed  in  1881,  and  was  then  allowed  to  be  covered  over  by 
the  drifting  sands.  The  rails  were  ordered  for  this  reconstruction 
and  part  of  the  material  has  been  deUvered  to  the  contractor  who 
this  month  entered  on  the  work. 

Several  of  the  short  lines  in  the  north  running  from  the  coast  back 
to  the  Cordillera  are  being  prolonged  further  into  the  interior,  among 
them  those  from  Pacasmayo  and  Salaverry.  Rails  and  material  for 
these  prolongations  are  included  in  the  purchases  of  the  Peruvian 
Corporation.  It  is  possible  that  these  extensions  will  be  continued 
and  additional  material  be  called  for  when  the  present  work  is  finished. 
A  short  line  is  also  likely  to  be  built  from  Tumbes — though  no  con- 
tracts have  yet  been  made  for  rails  and  materials  for  it. 

When  the  prolongation  of  the  Central  Railway  from  Oroya  to 
Huancayo  is  completed  the  extension  will  be  continued  to  Ayacucho, 
Congress  having  authorized  it,  and  by  the  time  this  work  is  ready  to 
be  taken  up  funds  will  be  available  for  the  purpose — though  no  rails 
or  material  have  yet  been  ordered  for  this  extension. 

The  bulk  of  the  purchases  by  the  Peruvian  Corporation,  aside  from 
the  rails  needed  for  the  new  lines,  has  been  for  relaying  the  tracks 
on  the  Central  or  Oroya  Railway,  the  main  trunk  of  which  from 
Callao  to  Oroya  is  138  miles  in  length.  The  traffic  which  was  devel- 
oped by  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Company,  in  addition  to  the  ore  ship- 
ments and  the  freighting  of  mining  suppUes  for  the  mines  already  in 
operation,  found  the  Central  with  very  inadequate  facilities,  and 
some  attempt  was  made  to  enlarge  them,  though  not  on  a  commen- 
surate scale.  Since  the  system  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  present 
experienced  general  manager,  and  practical  railway  operation  was 
put  in  force,  a  larger  volume  of  freight  has  been  handled  with  the 
existing  facilities,  and  the  promise  is  held  out  that  the  betterments 
which  are  now  being  made  will  provide  for  a  further  addition  to  the 
traffic.  Assuming  that  this  is  so,  it  does  not  follow  that  the  improve- 
ments can  stop  with  the  heavy  purchases  of  material  already  made. 

Whether  the  Central  Railway  be  electrified,  as  proposed,  or  not, 
many  sections  of  it  must  be  practically  rebuilt  and  much  additional 
rolling  stock  be  supplied  if  the  stockholders  in  the  Peruvian  Cor- 


580    inteenationaIj  bureau  of  the  American  bepubljcs. 

poration  expect  to  secure  the  return  on  their  investrQent  which  is 
obtainable.  The  extension  being  made  from  Oroya  to  Huancayo 
under  contract  with  the  Peruvian  Government  will  provide  new 
business,  and  the  increasing  traffic  from  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Mining 
Company  and  the  other  new  mining  and  smelting  enterprises  has 
been  indicated.  The  betterment  of  the  physical  condition  of  the  line 
and  improvement  in  operating  methods,  instead  of  satisfying  the 
requirements,  are  more  likely  to  show  the  need  of  a  complete  recon- 
struction. The  difficulty  of  securing  funds  in  London,  where  a 
blanket  loan  has  been  proposed,  is  said  to  be  responsible  for  the  incom- 
plete measures  for  placing  the  Central  in  a  position  to  handle  the 
future  traffic  which  i^  can  command. 

One  positive  step  already  has  been  taken  for  placing  the  line  in  a 
condition  to  meet  traffic  requirements.  This  is  the  reconstruction 
of  the  bridges  and  the  replacement  of  some  of  the  old  ones  by  new 
stlructures.  Several  of  the  bridges  on  the  Central  are  notahle  among 
the  many  marvelous  engineering  features  of  this  railway,  stretching 
across  deep  gorges  from  tunnel  to  tunnel  or  from  one  precipice  wall 
to  another  precipice  wall.  Their  maintenance  always  has  been  a 
source  of  deep  concern  and  the  weight  of  the  trains  passing  over  them 
has  been  carefully  calculated.  Two  years  ago  when  a  large  nimiber 
of  locomotives  were  bought  in  order  to  provide  for  the  growing 
traffic  it  was  found  that  they  were  too  heavy  for  the  bridges  to  sustain 
them.  A  contract  was  then  made  with  the  American  Bridge  Com- 
pany to  replace  the  existing  bridges,  one  provision  of  the  contract 
being  that  the  old  structures  should  be  removed  and  the  new  ones 
erected  without  interrupting  the  running  of  the  trains.  The  material 
is  now  on  the  ground,  the  bridge  company's  expert  workmen  are  also 
on  hand,  and  the  work  is  beginning. 

On  the  Southern  Railway,  which  runs  from  Mollendo  to  Lake 
Titicaca,  the  long  bridge  and  trestle  at  Arequipa  are  to  be  dispensed 
with  by  the  construction  of  a  loop.  Other  betterments  requiring  con- 
siderable material  also  will  be  made  on  the  Southern. 

THE    PROPOSED   ROAD   TO   THE   AMAZON. 

If  the  terms  of  the  concession  granted  in  1906  for  a  railway  to  the 
Amazon  by  the  way  of  Ucayali  River  were  literally  complied  with, 
there  would  be  an  early  demand  for  a  large  quantity  of  steel  rails, 
rolling  stock,  and  other  material,  since  construction  was  to  begin  in 
August,  1908,  and  the  road  was  to  be  finished  in  1913.  Though  the 
concessionaire  has  a  forfeit  of  $100,000  up  it  is  not  expected  that  this 
will  be  exacted  if  the  actual  construction  is  not  begun  at  the  date 
specified,  in  view  of  the  condition  of  the  money  market  in  the  United 
States  where  the  capital  was  to  be  raised.  But  in  view  of  its  im- 
portance to  the  development  of  Peru,  and  the  provisions  already 


PKRU.  581 

made,  interests  financially  strong  enough  to  carry  out  the  project  are 
pretty  certain  to  come  forward  and  undertake  the  construction  of 
this  railway. 

The  concession  is  for  a  standard-gage  line  which,  starting  from  a 
point  between  Oroya  and  Cerro  de  Pasco  on  the  existing  railway, 
shall  terminate  at  a  point  |on  the  Ucayali  River,  suitable  for  steam 
navigation  all  the  year  roimd  for  vessels  drawing  at  least  5  feet.  A 
subsidy  of  £2,000,000,  or  approximately  $10,000,000,  is  provided  in  6 
per  cent  bonds  at  par  value  to  be  delivered  in  half-yearly  installments 
and  in  proportion  to  the  nimiber  of  kilometers  finished]  in  the  same 
half  year,  the  payment  of  the  last  installment  to  be  made  when  the 
railway  reaches  the  Ucayali.  A  grant  of  7,500  acres  of  forest  lands 
is  also  made  for  each  kilometer  of  the  railway  built.  A  further  pro- 
vision is  the  privilege  of  placing  steamers  in  all  the  Peruvian  region 
of  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries  and  a  grant  of  5,000  acres  of-land 
is  made  for  each  steamer  of  500  tons  so  placed.  The  subsidy  bonds 
to  be  issued  are  guaranteed  by  the  tobacco  imposts,  which,  under  a 
law  passed  in  1904,  are  set  aside  for  railroad  purposes.  They  now 
range  from  $900,000  to  $1,000,000  annuaUy. 

Various  projects  have  been  proposed  for  reaching  the  affluents  of 
the  Ucayali  at  the  small  river  landings  of  Puerto  Bermudez  and 
Puerto  Victoria  and  the  length  of  the  railway  line  necessary  to  reach 
them  has  been  estimated  at  225  to  250  miles.  The  route  indicated  in 
the  latest  concession  is  known  as  the  Peren£,  and  is  said  to  offer  a 
somewhat  better  line  to  the  Ucayali.  Numerous  reconnoissances  and 
horseback  surveys  of  the  various  routes  have  been  made,  but  there  has 
been  no  engineering  location  yet  attempted.  The  copcession  requires 
that  the  final  surveys  shall  be  completed  and  submitted  to  the  Gov- 
ernment by  the  end  of  1908,  but  this,  like  other  provisions,  may  be 
extended. 

The  purpose  of  the  Peruvian  Government  in  providing  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  line  to  the  Ucayali  is  both  political  and  commercial. 
It  is  desirous  of  securing  prompt  and  regular  communication  with 
its  Amazon  port  of  Iquitos  and  of  bringing  the  rubber  product  of  all 
that  Peruvian  region  out  through  Peruvian  territory  to  the  Pacific 
instead  of  having  it  go  through  Brazilian  territory  to  the  Atlantic, 
as  is  now  done.  There  are,  however,  commercial  advantages  much 
more  immediate  than  those  relating  to  the  rubber  product.  Enor- 
mous quantities  of  timber  are  required  by  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  and 
other  mines,  and  with  the  development  of  the  mines  that  is  now 
going  on  the  demand  is  growing.  This  timber  is  brought  down  from 
Puget  Soimd  to  Callao  and  then  shipped  over  the  Central  Railway, 
the  ocean  and  railway  freights  making  it  very  expensive.  Some  of 
the  preliminary  surveys,  it  is  stated,  have  shown  that  large  tracts  of 
timber  lie  along  the  route  to  the  Ucayali,  not  more  than  60  or  70 


582      INTEBNATIONAIi  BTJBEAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN  BEPUBLJCS. 

miles  distant  from  the  existing  railway.  These  and  other  considefa- 
tions  render  it  probable  that  while  purchases  of  rails  and  material 
may  not  be  made  during  the  current  year,  some  orders  n^y  be  given 
for  delivery  in  1909i 

The  Ucayali  concession  also  authorizes  a  line  from  the  same  point 
on  the  Cerro  de  Fasco  Railway  to  a  specified  point  on  the  coast,  and 
if  this  line  ever  should  be  built  there  would  be  through  direct  com- 
munication from  the  Amazon's  tributaries  to  the  Pacific.  This  line 
would  parallel  the  Central  Railway  and  would  compete  with  it. 
Though  the  Cordilleras  would  have  to  be  crossed  at  an  devation  equal 
to  that  of  the  Central,  or  nearly  16,000  feet,  it  is  claimed  that  many  of 
the  engineering  obstacles  which  that  railway  encounters  could  be 
avoided.  The  subvention  for  this  line  to  the  Pacific  is  fixed  at 
$475,000,  or  $2,375,000,  in  bonds  at  the  rate  of  $7,500  per  kilometer. 
For  reasons  imnecessary  to  detail  this  project  does  not  receive  the 
same  encouragement  that  is  given  the  line  to  the  Ucayali,  though  it 
has  some  stout  advocates,  who  are  said  to  be  willing  to  engage  in  it. 

The  Peruvian  treasury  has  husbanded  its  resources  for  railway 
building  prudently,  and  while  a  number  of  paper  projects  receive  con- 
sideration, much  conservatism  is  shown  in  the  enterprises  actually 
entered  upon.  The  gold  standard  is  maintained  and  the  loans  con- 
tracted for  railways  and  other  public  works  have  not  been  large,  so 
that  the  credit  of  the  Government  is  good,  and  if  in  the  future  it 
should  seek  to  supplement  the  means  obtained  from  the  tobacco 
revenue  by  a  small  loan  this  probably  could  be  obtained.  However, 
such  a  plan  is  not  now  in  favor  and  it  is  sufficient  to  know  that  the 
Government  has  the  resources  available  to  meet  all  the  obligations 
that  will  be  incurred  in  completing  the  extensions  and  prolongations 
now  under  construction  or  which  have  been  authorized  by  the  Con- 
gress. These  measures  mean  that  before  the  end  of  the  year  addi- 
tional orders  are  likely  to  be  placed  for  rails  and  material.  I  have 
already  indicated  the  probability  that  in  spite  of  the  beUef  that  the 
material  now  being  delivered  for  the  railway  system  of  the  Peruvian 
Corporation  and  for  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Company  is  sufficient,  both 
these  companies  will  be  calling  for  additional  material  before  another 
year  begins.  The  3  chief  prospective  pm^chases  of  railway  material 
in  Peru  are  stated  in  the  memorandum  which  I  forward  to  the  Bureau 
of  Manufacturers. 


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SALVADOR.  588 

SALVADOR. 

EXPORTS  DTntma  the  first  nine  months  of  1907. 

The  total  value  of  the  exports  during  the  first  nine  months  of  1907 
from  Salvador  was  13,703,193.10  colones,  on  which  an  export  duty  of 
656,813.62  eclones  was  collected  by  the  Treasury. 

The  exports  of  the  Republic  were  made  to  Germany,  Austria- 
Hungary,  Belgium,  Denmark,  Spain,  France,  Holland,  Great  Britain, 
Italy,  English  Possessions  in  America,  Mexico,  United  States,  and  the 
Republics  of  Central  and  South  America. 

The  articles  exported  consisted  of  starch,  indigo,  sugar,  balsam, 
copper  ores,  coffee,  horse  hair,  horns  of  cattle,  alligator,  cat,  and  deer 
skins,  wheat  and  rice  flour,  rubber,  rope,  printed  books,  mahogany, 
cedar  and  mulberry  woods,  marble,  honey,  gold  in  bars,  raw  sugar, 
mats,  gold,  silver  and  lead  ores,  cotton  and  silk  mufflers,  ready-made 
clothing,  straw  hats,  manufactured,  leaf,  and  fine  cut  tobacco,  and 
stearin  candles. 

The  wholesale  trade  of  Salvador  is  in  the  hands  of  foreigners — 
Americans,  French,  Germans,  English,  Spanish,  and  ItaUans — who, 
with  central  houses  in  San  Salvador,  and  agencies  in  the  more  im- 
portant cities  of  the  RepubUc,  have  the  trade  well  in  hand,  as  most  of 
them  have  been  established  for  years,  and  understand  and  cater  to 
the  demands  of  the  retail  trade.  The  wholesale  trade  is  supplied 
largely  from  the  coimtries  of  origin  of  the  owners  of  the  stores — the 
French  from  Paris,  the  Germans  from  Hamburg,  etc. — and  only  such 
purchases  are  made  from  other  countries  as  can  be  supplied  at  less 
price  and  more  conveniently.  There  are  two  large  American  houses 
which  purchase  in  New  York  and  San  Francisco,  all  things  being 
equal. 

From  present  indications,  there  will  be  a  marked  decrease  in  the 
value  and  quantity  of  products  exported  from  Salvador  to  the  United 
States,  as  shippers  of  hides  and  rubber  have  conmienced  to  ship  to 
Hamburg  instead  of  to  New  York,  claiming  that  better  prices  and 
quicker  sales  are  secured  in  the  former  than  in  the  latter  port. 

Coffee  shipments  to  San  Francisco  will  be  less  this  season  than  in 
past  years,  as  the  crop  is  only  about  50  per  cent  of  that  of  last  year. 
The  market  for  Salvador  coffee  has  been  enlarged  of  late  years,  at  the 
expense  of  former  distributing  points.  Hamburg  was  the  distributing 
port  for  northern  Europe,  and  Havre  and  Marseille  for  Italy  and 
Austria,  but  now  the  merchants  of  Sweden,  Norway,  Holland,  Bel- 
giimi,  Genoa,  and  Trieste  buy  direct,  thus  saving  on  transportation 
charges  and  avoiding  the  commission  and  rehandling  costs. 


584     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU  OF   THE    AMERICAN  REPUBLICS. 

The  following  table  shows  the  value  of  the  exports  made  to  foreign 
countries,  through  the  ports  of  the  Republic,  during  the  first  nine 
months  of  1907: 


Country. 


Germany 

English  possessions  In  America 

AustilarHungary 

Belgium 

BTfuH 

Costa  Rica 

Chile 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

Spain 

united  States 

France 

Great  Britain 

Guatemala 


Value. 


Colonea. 

2,339,651.57 

42,883.00 

745,224.00 

1,200.00 

10,000.00 

35,018.01 

43,170.40 

802.00 

38,560.00 

432,326.51 

4,865,723.04 

2,587,141.53 

625,313.76 

4,478.47 


Country. 


Hawaii 

Holland . . . 
Honduras . 

Italy 

Menco 

Nicaragua. 
Norway... 
Panama... 

Peru 

Russia 

Sweden 


VAloe. 


CoUme*. 

4,630.00 

130,217.67 

1,524,917.81 

78»  500.00 

8,107.0 

91,13Lf0 

250,967.80 

41,413.00 

13,770.00 

200,025.00 


Total  for  first  nine  months  of 
1907 13,703,193.10 


The  following  were  the  principal  articles  of  export  during  the 
same  period: 


Articles. 


CofFee 

Gold  in  bars 

Gold  and  silver  ores 

Suffar 

IncUgo 

Balsam 

Oxhides 

Tobacco 

Rubber 


Value  in 
colones. 


10,382,050.42 
1,452,021.00 
888,656.75 
380,017.50 
195,224.65 
130,275.00 
87,217.92 
45,089.24 
30,296.63 


Articles. 


Value  in 


Lead  bullion  and  ore 11,650lO0 

straw  hats .^ 0,OBLOO 

Mahogany,  cedar,  and   mulberry  ' 

woods j  7,772.00 

Miscellaneous  articles 74,882.00 

Total  for  the  first  nine  months  I 
Ofl907 !  13,703,19^.00 


THE  TELEGBAPH  AND  TELEPHONE  SEBVICE  IN  1007. 

The  Central  Bureau  of  Telegraphs,  Telephones,  and  Cables  of  the 
Salvadorean  Republic  has  published  recently  the  following  figures 
relating  to  the  service  in  1907,  as  compared  with  1906:  The  total 
revenues  in  1906  amounted  to  123,793.98  colones ($61, 896.99),  and  in 
1907  to  127,243.75  colones  ($63,621.87),  or  an  increase  of  3,449.77 
colons  ($1,724.88).  The  [expenditures  in  1906  amounted  to 
123,748.08  colones  ($61,874.04),  while  in  1907  they  were  only 
111,185.27  colones  ($55,092.63),  the  decrease  being  therefore  12,562.81 
colones  ($6,481.40). 

In  spite  of  the  fact  that  several  economies  were  introduced  during 
the  last  year,  the  general  movement  of  the  service  was  very  satis- 
factory. 

MINING  IN  SALVADOB. 

The  development  of  the  mineral  industry  in  the  Republic  of  Sal- 
vador— dating  back  to  the  sixties,  when  the  results  were  less  than 
$100,000  per  year — fluctuated  during  the  following  twenty  y^ars, 
when  it  reached  about  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars  per  annum.     In 


SALVADOR.  585 

1901  the  exports  amounted  to  $457,500,  which  two  years  later  (1903) 
reached  a  total  of  $2,036,825.69,  and  in  1906  they  were  as  follows: 

Mineral  concentrates  (gold  and  silver) $204, 647. 00 

Gold  in  bars 1,341,791.00 

Gold. 702, 871. 00 

Gold  ingots 441,850.00 

Gold  and  silver  bars 89, 286. 00 

Auriferous  silver 283, 264. 00 

Silver  bars 2, 376. 00 

Gold  concentrates 14, 960. 00 

Gold  and  silver  concentrates 136, 310. 00 

Copper  and  gold  concentrates 24, 310. 00 

Total 3,241,665.00 

The  consul  of  Salvador  at  New  York,  Mr.  Ernest  Schernikow, 
has  furnished  the  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Republics 
with  [the  following  translation  from  the  ^'Diario  Ofidal*^  of  Decem- 
ber 26,  1907,  of  a  valuable  treatise  on  the  subject  of  the  mineral 
resources  of  the  Republic: 

"It  is  well  known  that  the  soil  of  Salvador  holds  many  varied  and 
rich  minerals,  and  only  recently  has  attention  been  given  to  this 
important  industry,  and  some  of  its  mines  are  now  being  exploited. 

"The  object  of  the  present  article  is  not  to  treat  of  the  mineral 
history  of  Salvador,  because  this  would  involve  too  large  an  article, 
but  rather  to  give  an  exact  idea  of  the  flourishing  condition  it  is  in 
to-day  and  the  splendid  results  obtained  in  recent  years.  In  order 
to  appreciate  these  with  true  value,  it  is  necessary  to  make  retrospec- 
tive comparisons,  which  reveal  the  astoimding  march  of  this  industry 
and  how  it  is  rapidly  gaining  in  importance. 

"Excluding  the  low  coast  country,  the  entire  interior  of  the  Republic 
is  rich  in  minerals,  and  principally  the  departments  of  Santa  Ana 
(western  mining  district),  Chalatenango  and  Cabanas  (central  mining 
district),  and  Morazan,  San  Miguel,  and  La  Union  (eastern  mining 
district). 

"The  region  of  Metapan,  in  the  department  of  Santa  Ana,  is  justly 
famous,  being  called  the  'La  Vizcaya  Salvadorefla, '  owing  to  its 
abimdant  veins  of  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  auriferous  silver,  the  first 
mentioned  being  practically  inexhaustible  and  of  superior  quality. 

"Iron  is  daily  reduced  to  metal  by  the  Messrs.  Luna  in  their  two 
plants  of  'San  Jos6'  and  'San  Miguel,'  by  using  the  old  Catalan  system, 
which  is  poor  in  its  results. 

"The  most  notable  copper  plant  is  the  old  'El  Brujo,'  the  ores  of 
which  contain  quite  a  quantity  of  gold  and  silver. 

"This  region  has  the  advantage  of  a  good  cart  road  between  the 
cities  of  Metap&n  and  Santa  Ana,  about  56  kilometers  apart;  however, 
if  the  project  be  realized  of  uniting  the  Salvador  side  with  that  of  the 


586     IKTEBKATIOKAL  BUBBAXT   OF  THB  AMEBICAN  BEPUBIilCS. 

railroad  of  Guatemala,  or  if  a  branch  were  constructed,  it  would  give 
an  immense  impetus  to  the  mining  industry  of  the  western  district^ 
destined  to  be  a  very  rich  emporiimi. 

''In  the  Department  of  Chalatenango  and  Cabanas  the  mJTimg 
industry  is  in  its  incipiency,  the  principal  and  richest  being  that 
owned  and  worked  in  Chalatenango  by  Mr.  Gustavo  Lozako. 

''A  good  cart  road  has  been  opened,  which  facilitates  the  moving  (A 
the  products  of  this  district  via  San  Salvador,  in  order  to  take  advan- 
tage of  the  railroad  which  unites  this  capital  with  the  port  of  Aca- 
jutla. 

"The  principal  mines  of  the  Department  of  Cabanas  are: 

''La  Electricidad,  of  copper;  Fich&n  and  Los  Amates,  both  of 
copper,  all  3  belonging  to  Dr.  Santiago  GonzIles.  .Santa  Mar- 
garita, Santa  Angela,  La  Quebrada,  San  Francisco,  and  El  Zanjo,  aO 
of  copper,  and  belonging  to  Mr.  Gustavo  Lozano;  this  gentleman  abo 
owns  a  mine  of  bioxide  of  mangai^ese. 

"Li  the  Department  of  Cabanas  and  in  the  jurisdiction  of  San 
Isidro,  are  the  veins  of  San  Enrique,  Cola  de  Toro,  Companero,  Cerro 
de  Avila,  and  Pepita  de  Oro;  the  last  mentioned  being  noted  for  its 
richness,  the  ore  running  $15  gold  per  ton,  the  ore  being  of  porous 
quartz. 

"To  the  southwest  of  Sesuntepeque  are  the  mines  of  El  Porvenir  of 
silver  and  gold. 

"The  mines  of  San  Fernando,  Obrajito,  El  Dorado,  and  San  Juan 
are  also  known. 

"In  the  Department  of  Morazan  the  following  mines  exist:  El 
Divisadero,  belonging  to  an  English  company.  This  company  also 
owns  the  mines  known  as  La  Protectora,  El  Bosque,  Carolina,  El 
Gavil&n,  etc.  Loma  Larga,  producing  gold  and  silver,  is  now  being 
worked,  and  to  which  belong  El  Nance,  Orito,  Los  Santos,  Sap  Fran- 
cisco, El  Pique  de  la  Seflora,  El  Socorro,  La  Perla,  and  others. 

"Margarita,  silver  and  gold,  Montecristo,  gold.  El  Carrizal,  gold, 
La  Veta  del  Gigante,  gold  and  silver,  Nueva  Virginia,  and  various 
others,  all  in  the  jurisdiction  of  San  Carlos  and  of  Yamabal. 

"In  the  Department  of  La  Union  is  the  mining  district  of  San 
Sebastian,  one  of  the  richest  and  best  exploited  in  these  countries, 
belonging  to  an  English  company.  The  ore  is  pyritic,  and  worked  by 
the  cyanide  process. 

"El  Tabanco  mine,  belonging  to  a  French  company,  is  rich  in  gold. 
Besides  this,  there  are  other  mines,  such  as  San  Bortolo,  gold  and 
silver,  belonging  to  an  American  company;  and  Copetillos,  also  of 
gold  and  silver. 

"The  mines  La  Poza,  El  Consuelo,  Guadalupe,  Hormiguero,  La 
Rivera,  Gallardo,  Esperanza,  Potosi,  Porvenir,  are  all  situated  in  the 
Department  of  San  Miguel,  and  rich  in  gold. 


8ALVAD0B. 


687 


*'With  the  preceding  brief  enumeration  of  the  principal  mining 
centers,  a  better  idea  may  be  obtained  of  the  progress  of  the  mining 
industry  in  El  Salvador  by  a  study  of  the  statistics  showing  the 
annual  production  and  export  during  the  past  forty  years. 

*'  In  1864,  it  may  be  said  that  the  mining  industry  was  in  its  infancy, 
the  period  preceding  this  it  only  having  flourished  indifferently.  This 
period  of  infancy  continued  until  1875,  in  which  year  it  assumed  some 
importance.  Below  are  given  the  modest  values  of  ores  mined  and 
exported  from  the  ports  of  Salvador  from  1864  to  1875,  the  value 
being  in  pesos: 


1864 $656.00 

1865 40,825.90 

1866 19,827.00 

1867 33,150.00 

1868 39,969.00 

1869 22,400.00 

1870 (No  record.) 


1871 17,180.00 

1872 1,700.00 

1873 8,300.00 

1874 4,200.00 

1875 54,559.76 


Total 232,667.65 

**As  will  be  seen,  in  twelve  years  the  total  amount  exported  is 
scarcely  7  per  cent  of  the  value  exported  in  1906  ($3,041,665.00). 

*'From  1876  to  1895,  the  mining  industry  began  to  expand,  the 
production  being  principally  silver  and  not  much  gold.  In  the  fol- 
lowing three  tables  is  sufficient  data  to  show  the  successive  development 
of  the  industry  during  the  twenty  years,  1876  to  1895: 


1876-1879. 


Orw. 

8157,732136 
50,001.02 
71,061.20 
87,227.80 

SUverand 
ffold. 

Ig70 

813,248  00 
142,406.00 

i55,ooaoo 

112,543*75 

1877 

1878 

1879 

Total  value.  8778,771.03. 


1881-1883. 


1881 

1882 

1883 

oSUyerore. 
Total  value,  81,090,742.91. 

1886-1896 


Ore. 


845,343.50 
121,976.25 
030,630.00 


SUver. 


8105,487.00 
82,058.00 
89,454.16 


Gold. 


86,844.00 


1886 ;      840,772.70 

1887 10,202.27 

1888 

1889 10,982.00 

1890 ,         2,100.00 

1891 4voiaoo 

1892 15.00 

1803 

1894 27,85a  00 

1895 73a00 

Total  value,  81,682,570.87. 

33228— Bull.  3—08 8 


8149,645.00  ; 

229,356.25  I  865,439.00 
171,3ia00       38,ooaoo 

171,264.00   

204,747.00   

181,445.65  i 

149,872.00 

103,00a00  ! 

58,464.00   

20,36a  00  2iaoo 


588     INTERNATIONAL  BUBBAU   OF   THE  AMBBICAN  BEFUBLJC8. 

^'In  1895  the  mining  industry  suffered  notable  depression;  soon  it 
recovered  a  progressive  impulse  and,  from  1901  it  daily  improved,  so 
much  so  that  during  1906  the  total  value  of  metals  exported  exceeded 
three  million  pesos,  principally  in  gold.  The  details  of  annual  pro- 
-duction  during  past  six  years  is  shown  in  following  tables : 


Year. 


Orea.  SUver.     ,      Gold.      '      J^^ 


1901 1    $309,074.00  \  678.899.00   [$63,487.00     $457,300.00 

j                          I   e8,05a00   I  ! 

1902 !      283,463.00 4.00O.OO       287,481.00 

('19,588.02  ) 
el,35a00  I  30,143.&5   2,036,8».M 
49,903.35  ll 
IQTM  !ri,501,00a00     «I56,538.58  l\  ,«  ,27  nil    i  il«  ix  «i 

'*^ i\        /e01.20      657,809.00   (  10.127.06    1,632,135.84 

1906 j      902,506.00  {^igoioO  }«52,668.00   1,912,60160 

a  Metal.  c  Bars.  e  Silver  and  gold. 

6  Crude.  d  Aoriferoas.  /  Copper. 

GOVEBNMENT  CONTROL  OF  CABTBIDaES. 

In  accordance  with  legislative  decree  of  October  1,  1892,  and  the 
rules  and  regulations  of  December  5  of  the  same  year,  the  president 
has  issued  the  following  orders : 

^'1.  On  and  after  March  1,  1908,  cartridges  for  firearms  shall  be 
«old  in  the  oflBces  of  the  treasury  and  at  other  authorized  places,  by 
4tnd  for  account  of  the  treasury. 

''2.  Three  months  after  the  date  referred  to,  merchants  and  private 
persons  are  prohibited  from  selling  cartridges,  and  all  persons  having 
supplies  on  hand  at  that  time  shall  deposit  them  in  the  treasury 
offices  for  sale  for  account  of  their  owners,  in  conformity  with  the 
provisions  of  article  3  of  the  aforesaid  decree,  violators  of  the  law 
being  subject  to  the  confiscation  of  their  stock  of  cartridges. 

^'3.  The  selling  price  of  said  cartridges  at  the  present  time  shall  be 
€  colones  per  100  for  the  Smith  &  Wesson  brand,  calibers  .32  and  .38, 
and  7  colones  per  100  for  the  Colt  brand  of  the  same  calibers.  The 
price  of  other  brands  or  calibers  shall  be  fixed  at  tlie  proper  time." 

IMPOBTANT  TROPICAL  PRODUCTS. 

The  climate  and  fertile  soil  of  Salvador  enable  coffee,  cacao,  sugar 
cane,  tabaco,  pineapples,  maize,  and  other  valuable  agricultural 
products  to  flourish  and  grow  to  perfection  in  the  tropical  region  of 
the  Republic,  and  to  produce  at  the  same  time  a  rich  variety  of  me- 
dicinal plants  and  useful  resinous  substances.  One  of  these  articles. 
the  celebrated  balsam  of  Peru,  which,  although  not  grown  in  Peru, 
bears  the  name  of  that  distant  Republic,  is  worthy  of  special  mention. 
It  is  said  that  in  the  time  of  the  viceroys,  when  Peru  was  a  province 


UNITED   STATES.  589 

of  Spain,  orders  were  given  that  all  the  balsam  gathered  in  Salvador 
should  be  shipped  to  the  port  of  Callao  to  be  reshipped  by  the  authori- 
ties to  Spain.  The  fact  is  that  the  balsam  of  Peru  is  only  produced 
in  a  small  zone  of  Salvador,  lying  between  the  ports  of  La  Libertad 
and  Acajutla,  from  a  shrub  known  to  botanists  as  -Myrospemum 
sdlvatorense. 

Indigo  or  anil  is  another  product  that  was  formerly  almost  ex- 
clusively obtained  from  Salvador.  Twenty-five  or  thirty  years  ago 
it  was  about  the  only  article  of  export  of  the  RepubUc.  The  annual 
value  of  the  exports  have  fallen  from  over  $3,000,000  during 
the  period  referred  to  to  about  $500,000  at  the  present  time,  owing 
to  the  competition  with  aniline,  a  similar  substance  made  from  the 
by-products  of  coal.  Cacao  was  formerly  also  an  important  article  of 
export,  but,  due  to  a  disease  of  the  cacao  tree,  the  production  in  the 
Republic  has  been  reduced  to  such  an  extent  that  the  export  of  this 
article  has  greatly  diminished. 

The  principal  articles  of  export  of  the  Republic  are  coflFee,  cacao, 
indigo,  caoutchouc,  precious  woods,  dyewoods,  balsam,  medicinal 
plants,  and  undressed  skins.  The  chief  imports  are  white  and  figured 
cotton,  linen,  and  silk  fabrics,  wines,  alcohol  and  liquors,  oil,  arms, 
glassware,  medical  supplies,  paper,  ready-made  articles,  confectionery, 
pastes,  etc. 

UNITED  STATES. 

TRADE  WITH  LATIN  AMERICA. 
STATEMENT   OP   IMPORTS    AND   EXPORTS. 

Following  is  the  latest  statement,  from  figures  compiled  by  the 
Bureau  of  Statistics,  United  States  Department  of  Commerce  and 
Labor,  showing  the  value  of  the  trade  between  the  United  States  and 
Latin-American  countries.  The  report  is  for  the  month  of  January, 
1908,  with  a  comparative  statement  for  the  corresponding  month  of 
the  previous  year;  also  for  the  seven  months  ending  January,  1908, 
as  compared  with  the  same  period  of  the  preceding  year.  It  should 
be  explained  that  the  figures  from  the  various  custom-houses,  showing 
imports  and  exports  for  any  one  month,  are  not  received  at  the 
Treasury  Department  until  about  the  20th  of  the  foUownng  month, 
and  some  time  is  necessarily  consumed  in  compilation  and  printing, 
so  that  the  returns  for  January,  for  example,  are  not  published  until 
some  time  in  March. 


590      INTEBNATIONAL  BUBBAU   OF   THE  AMEEIOAN  BEPUBLJCS. 
IMPORTS  OF  MBBCHANDISE. 


Aftldefl  uul  eotuitil^. 


CoDda  { €aeao;  coed  ou  eaem;  meaa)  \ 

CoatraL  AmsriCB.....,^.. .,*,.*, 

Brazil...,,.- .„„..,... 

Other  Soatb  Atnericft _......  — ,... 


CofTett  ( Cafi;  m/i:  cafi): 

Cantfal  America *. 

M&xJeo .._...„.. 

BmRU,.- ...-- 

OUiei  Soutll  Amerioi.,, 


JftBiwry. 


1«J, 


1«1B. 


J^nUftiX* 


1907. 


Copper  ( Cobr^:  cobrtj  wbre) : 
Ha-"  - 


Cuba 

Bout^  America, 


Flb€ri:  ^  ,     ^_ 

Cotton  luunanulacluriod  {Alffodm  ei*  pa  mo;  aigodiki 
em  mmti:  cofon  won  manufactttriyi 

South  America ,...».,,.... *,**... - . . 

Iitlc  oT  Tamplpci  fiber  </3!*ie;  l3*Je.-  iwl«): 

Sleal  gTftSB  ( ffnifgueit;  ft<fi«?weti;  AeD^fluen)  i 
Mexuie^  ......,.,,.„,.».. „„„.-,,.,.. 


8,252  5.908  »,«!« 

S5  384  132,636  l.5Sl,tff 

ies,800  71,231  I  l,0Sfi,e23 

fi00,6Dl  I       333,303  {  l,a3S,3» 

fl8,m  lfi7,50e  I  405,434 

8^,3S7  673,789  ,  b,m,mi 


1,1M5,433 

4  jug 
167,  m 


ii^.Sm     10,10^.289 


152,401 


I 


121,062 


53,049  f 
73.*5b! 


44,650 


309i33& 
S&4,i§l 


fiM,9M 

aa,4as,m 

4,Mi^74i 

7,8 


9,sn 


FrulU; 

Banuiaa  4  PU^n^i;  Mnanat;  batianeilr 

CmXTol  Ajneric a*  ,,»♦.... .„*.**.. 

Cutva..,,,,. 

fioutb  America,. .._,...... , 

Oranges  {NaranfOi;  larattjas;  ori»«tfft): 

Mexico..... *_,.«,,,. .,,*,-. 

Cuba -. 


Ftirs  and  fnr  skliiA  ( J^f^iea  iinaa:  pdlet  jtww;  peovz) ; 
Soutb  Amefloa ,..,.. *  *  -  - -*  - 


Qoatnkine  {Pklet  de  ra6m;  pdU4d£  eabra;  ptanse 
de  chivTe$}: 

Mwdco..... - ..-...,..  —  . 

BraiU..,. ^- ,...•*«. 

Othef  Soutb  America .-........*,**......, — ._.-.. 


Hidefl  of  c&ttLe  (CiLeTo$  v<Kwnm:  eowrot  de  gado^ 
cu(r»d£  hetaiiy* 

Mexico ,  — ........._ **. *.,. 

CubA 1... -. » -. 

Bfifil ».,. ,.... "^ 

Other  South  America, .,..,. *,„,,. 


l,fiOa,S3«      l,0Wj5B8      fl,374,Mft 


India  rubber,  cnide  (Oowia  eJiatiiio;  borracha  CTudo; 
caDufcAfm<?) : 

CtntraJ  America .........,..,,.,*,*.,.**.,. 

Mexico.. * , .<....,...,,,, 

BtftxU 

Othar  South  America 


aa7,ig 

tJ14 


1S,314  I 


336,M3 
143,907 

aiD|£3a 


204,831  ; 
31,491  ' 


401,548      3,»9U«e5 
'         47,750 

34,617 

&,319 


ajTB  ' 


Ml 


I3|ia4 


175,363       l,6a0,0M 
140,698  I    l,t»l,va7 


944,3 


B,343^3» 

3,4g7,i» 
M1,4M 


T73,W1 


1,305,640 


111,594  I     1,000,967  4&U4 
4,491  ,        196,1^  ;            «S3 
'         98»90l  I            75,1 
1.4£7,i 


431,030      5,ia0j9 


97,592  74,207  444, 9S3  401^60 

146,tiS3  294,968  971.  m  2,Q^,0C 

2,912,074,  1,007,937  10,739,^7^  9,?90,J» 

45,106  60,602  863,045  !          797.408 


Iron  ore  ( Mineral  de  hierro;  mineral  de  ferro;  min- 
iral  defer): 
Cuba I 

Lead  ore  {Plomo;  chumbo;  plomb) : 
Mexico 

Sugar,  not  above  No.  16  Dutch  standard  (AziUar,  in-  ' 
ferior  al  No.  16  del  modelo  holandes;  assucar  nOo 
superior  ao  No.  16  de  vadrlio  hoUandez;  sucre,  pas 
au-des8U8  du  type  holtandais  No.  16) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Brazil. , 

Other  eoath  Amarlca 


Tobacco  at)d  manuJnctyres  ( Tabaco  y  sus  manufac- 
tura*:  tab&ro  e  nM  manufacturas;  Tabac  et  aes 
mttnv^attuftt) 
Cuba.  


193,276  167,9ffl^    1,200,683 

197,502  i        289,542       1,512,928 


39,340  814  94,107 

5,045,851  I     1,650,059     22,156,101 

188,366  1 ,        825,663 

171,151  1         96,925       1,728,006 


1,657,059       1,415,992     11,821,366 


Wood  mahoffan/  ( Caoba;  moirno;  acajou)  : 
CtfQtral  AisiertOH  - 


Mexico., 


21,360 

56,158 

247,212 

86,216 

57,484 

346,567 

4,958  i 

656 

100,708 

1,560,3» 
2.130.4B 


884.  ass 

15,321,001 


488,  «n 


10,315,011 


477, 8« 
413,188 
108,  OM 


UNITED  STATES. 
IliPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE— Continued. 


iltlriw  mad  cotmtrte*. 


Souta  Ajnorica— 
Cl4«i  3  (Carpet)...-. ..-,, ^ „.•„—<  «» 


591 


Seven  months  ending 
January. 


1907. 


S79,758 
246,322  I 
419,421 


EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE. 


Agrtriaiiiml  ImpleiuBntfl  (Inftmmmtoii  affntoJo*:  to* 
ilrtimeniai  d<  OtfiictoWttTO,  machines  agrictdnyi 

Mexico^. -.,-.***. .„.,.„..,.--..._..>.-.*- 

Cuba.. *.*.,,-, -— * * ^-" 

Aigwitine  EepubJIc- ...,.._—- 

BmfiJ .,..- ..-, 

ChUft -— .„.,„*.,- 


Animals: 
Cattle  (Ganado  vacuno;  gado:  bHa&)i 

Mexico -.- 

Cuba - 

South  America ..* .  • 

Hoffs  ( Cerdot;  porcos;  pores) : 

Mexico ***.. 

South  America 

Horses  ( CabaUos:  cavaUos;  ehevaux} : 

Mexico 

Sheep  {Ovefas:  oveVuu;  bribis): 

Mexico 


Books,  maps,  etc.  (Libros,  mapas,  eto./  Uvnx,  mappas, 

ffr  ;  tirrrm,  IWtp/^ff ,  etc.): 

i  .11  tf  iii  Anif'fkm. » -  -  *  ■ 


\i,x\.r 


Argtpntine  Republic. . . 

Brazil 

Chile.... 

Other  South  Ainerii^a. 


Bri^tdntttCii 
Com  iMaiz:  MilAo;  mats): 

Gftotral  Ajnwite*. *- -.-...- 

Mexico. 

Cub*.--. 

South  Amprica. ....„.**,.. 

Oats  (Avt^vi;  aveia:  avoine): 

CwntniJ  Am^ricji. - *,,*,,.. 

Mi'Xleo ....„.„..,. 

Cubii,., ,,,. -.... 

Sctuih  Amflricfl. .,, ..-..-,_,.. 

Wht!Ai  (  Tri4^:  tfigo:  bli): 

C^^tiiral  America.. ,..*, ,^. 

Mexico ,....<.. 

South  America 

Wheat  Aaiir  ( Harina  de  trigo;  farivha4€  trigo:  foHne 

Central  Aitterica,, .... 

MttiUco --.-- 

Cuba,.. 

Bmill.... ,<...,......,.-.,, 

Colotnblft.  „..-,-..-.. — **. 

Other  South  America *,..,*. 


Csrrtaves^  vte.£ 

Au  tomobll^^  ( A  ^om6bitiMj  automorites;  avtamobUes} ; 

Moik-o -   ,     

South  Anu'ffi^a 


] 
37,8^ 

e,4oa 


9,S41 
41,800 


Cars,  [iajitf'Tigwr  anfl  freight  {Trrmc9  pwro  pu«uyc  y 
wStga;   carrot  4r  passageiros  e  cargo:  wagons  de 
9tma&rm*  et  d4  marchandises) : 
Onfiral  Ameriea 


Mexico. 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic . . . 

ChUe 

Other  South  America. 


3,084 

'tis 

4,003 


i,7es 

145.242 
300  , 

B,Z73  ' 


t.OBi 
lfi,753 


140,314 
10,806 

930,290 

103,009 
19,316 

ia7,0ft4 


33.899 


196,945 
184,938 
70,452 
297,918 
5,891 


2|0«2| 
3SS,Sa6 
56,647  I 

ie,iflO 

37,300 


70,405 
5,645 
3,9BT 


13,504 


247,  IQQ 
^210 
3,907,737  ; 
01,184  ' 

ao&offT 

1^141 


300 


7,001  ' 
33,110 

afi,04« 

37,020 
10,47B  ' 


«,041 
39,488  , 
104.  ni 

5,47«  , 

17,130 
3,410 


37,380 

145,700 
713 

245,423  I 

50,618  I 


31,000  I 

1«3,38B  ! 

in,0Q5  I 
60,5«1 
58,^ 

198,30»j 
0,tt«7^ 


ie«oeft 

707,655 
804,167  , 
'  6,888 


4,4(74 

60,101 


100,004 
9,BfiO 

38)$,  finO 
103,321 
17,624 
80,763 


47,507  I 
21,551 


310,709 
132,063 
96,944  I 
160,009  I 


106,892  I 


14^  M>! 

33,60(5  ' 
234,670  I 

8,903  I 

10,4i63 
308,000 


061,341 

IJ13,438 
776,40© 

«3,S7B 
L30P,60I 


131,381 


660,397 
1,353,328 

467,855 

1,286,068 

78,944 

281,366 


1908. 


673,224 
278,208 
55,830 


sn,aao 

3,774tOB8 
183,7*4 
313;,  OBO 
105,808 


Me,li4 

30.846 
U7,430 


80,TQ2 
45,732 


63,718 
330,069 
185,750 
4a, 217 
76,880 
73,909 
00,818 


64,603 
398,409 
711,010 

1»,347 

4a,5SL 
30,102 
104,764 

7,804 

13,509 
30,083 

307,004 


I,aai,»i2 

84,71« 

3,J7fi,441 

1,013,376 

m,  405 


373,906 
169,348 


680,660 
894,403 
569,166 
409,765 
316,881 
831,783 


592     INTERNATIONAL  BUBBAXJ   OP   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 


EXPORTS  OP  MERCHANDISE-Contlnued. 

January. 


Articles  and  countries. 


Cycles  and  parts  of  {Bicideteis  y  stu  accesorios;  bicy- 
dos  e  partet;  bicyclettet  et  Uura  parties): 

Mexico 

Cuba : 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 

Clocks  and  watches  (Relojes  de  pared  y  boUiUo;  relo- 
gio8  de  boUo  y  parede;  horlogea  et  montret) : 

C^tral  America 

Mexico 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  South  America 

Coal  ( Carh(m:  carvHo;  cfiarbon) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Copper  ( Cobre;  cobre;  cuivre) : 
Mexico , , 

Cotton: 
Cotton,  unmanufactured  (Algod&n  en  rama;  algodSko 
em  rama;  colon  non  manufacturi): 
Mexico , 


Cotton  cloths  ( Tejidoa  de  algodon;  fazendat  de  algo- 
d&o;  colon  manufacturi) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Colombia 

Venezuela 

Other  South  America 


Seven  monUiB  ending 
January. 


1907. 


Wearing  apparel  (Ropa  de  algodon;  roupd  de  algodOo; 
vitemenh  de  colon) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Other  South  America 


Twine  {Bramante;  barbante;  ficelle) : 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  South  America 


Fish: 

Salmon  {Salmbn;  aalm&o;  saumon): 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 


Fruits  and  nuts  (Frutas  y  nuecea;  fruitae  e  nozee;  i 
fruites  et  noix) :  .  ' 

Central  America ! i 

Mexico 

Cuba 

South  America 

Glucose  and  grape  sugar  (Olucosas;  glucoses;  glu- 
coses) :  I 

Argentine  Republic i 

Otner  South  America I 


8,377 
4,532 
2,411 
1,129 


1,682 
6,788 
2,239 
7,664 
2,234 
3,352 


250,089 
164,091 


90,605 


2,740 


166,624 
24,182 
86,636 
11,695 
33,774 
87,493 
86,683 
41,407 
47,384 


39,179 
20,257 
22,492 
10, 113 


13,126 
14,285 


230 
70,601 


14,120 
22,508 
16,290 
12,314 


1908. 


1907. 


1,640  I 
2,714 


Instruments:  I 

Electric  and  scientific  apparatus  (ilpomto*«Icrtrtco*  I 

y  cientificos;  apparatos   electricos  e  scientificos;  i 

appoTcils  Hectriques  et  scientifiques) :  \ 

Central  America 3,627 

Mexico 1         34,660 

Cuba .• 19,728 

Argentine  Republic 10, 132  ; 

Brazil 2, 946 

Other  South  America 12, 413 


7,005  I 
2,539  j 
2,506 
655 
1,650 


1,617 
3,268 
16,716 
6.929 
4,092 
4.529 


353,182 
229,222 


50,733 
19,537 
11,909 
5,758 
12,958 


9,817 
20,005 
36,776 
66,  in 
26,292 
24,546 


1,777,336 
1,144,401 


40,981    540,350 


40,703 


126,7,'» 
7,015 
67,772  ; 
12,885  ' 
24,002 
72,446 
53,227 
28,094 
40,540 


30,462 
19,411 
16,801 
6,677 


39,194 
8,655 


553 
16,052 


15,427 
11,183 
12,514 
12,746 


16,638 
2,249 


1,005,619 
181,990 


1,821 
228,046 


77,834 
182,999 
155,503 

92,688 


66,470 
9,902 


6,633 

33,526 

10.058 

265,396 

9,091 

85,965 

30,456 

86,010 

11,728 

34,492 

6,806 

91,142 

1906. 


55,238 

26,755 

9,546 

5,826 

8,296 


I2,12S 
32p5e0 
50,975 
69,5n 
32,814 
30,001 


1,895,602 
1,430,962 


7B6»0U 


193,644 


1,000,796  , 

878,781 

148,646  ; 

105,284 

660,933  i 

706,229 

179,380  1 

63,689 

260,397 

2»;fl07 

688,200 

377,697 

615,588 

355,961 

204,402 

160,767 

317, 106 

296,536 

199,918 

359,833 

143,366 

274,323 

199,748 

197,159 

60,886 

80,206 

1,663,017 
206,062 


3,175 
344,146 


122, 5« 
156,00 
166,282 
106,956 


57,  US 
8,561 


53, 2S 

145.101 
89,239 

118, 1« 
83,597 
97.900 


UNITED   STATES. 


593 


EXPORTS  OF  HERCHANDISS-Contlnued. 


Articles  and  countries. 


January. 


1007. 


190S. 


Telegraph  and  telephone  instruments  ilrutrumento* 
tdeffr&ficat  y  twf&nieot:  inttntmerUot  telearajjhi' 
C04  y  Ulephonico*;  inttrumenU  UUgraphiquet  et 
UUphoniqnet) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Axgentine  RepubUo 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 

Electrical  machinery  ( Maouifuiria  eUetrica:  tnachinat' 
electricas:  machinet  iuctriques) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 


Iron  and  steel,  mannfactiires  of— 

Steel  rails  (Carries  de  aUro;  trUhot  de  aco;  raUt 

deader) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

South  America 

Structural  Iron  and  steel  (Hierro  y  acero  para  con- 

9truccUm;  ferro  e  aco  para  construe^;  fer  et  aeier 

pour  la  construction) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

South  America 

Wire  (Alambre;  arame;  fa  defer) : 

Central  America ^ 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 

Builders'  hardware,  etc.  {Materiales,  de  metal  para 

construcci&n;  ferragems;  matiriaux  de  conetruc- 

tion  en/er  et  acier) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Venezuela 

Other  South  America 

Metal-working  machinery  ( Maqutnaria  para  trabafar 

metales;  machinismoa  para  trabalhar  em  metal: 

machines  pour  travaiUer  les  mltaux) : 

Mexico 

South  America 

Pipes  and  fittings  ( Cafieria;  tubos:  tuyaur): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Other  South  America 

Sewing  machines  and  parts  of  (M&quinas  de  coser  y 

sus  accesorios:  machinas  de  coser  e  accesorios; 

machines  ii  coudrc  et  Uurs  parties) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 

Steam  engines  and  parts  of  ( Locomotoras  y  accesorios; 

locomotivas  e  accesorios;  locomotifs  et  leurs  parties) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 


21,345 
80,243 
33,603  , 
18,761 
110,206 
66,067  I 


226 

143,452  I 

1,505 

5,047  ' 

45,743 

1,703  I 


166,468 
266,377 


61,578 
17,231 
40,606 

21,523 
55,536  ! 
50,501 
100,044  , 
25,346 
48,684 


30,617 
03,040 
62,656 
73,020  ' 
38,151 
26,110 
7,462  I 
5,100 
27,158 


15,716  < 
8,802 

38,607 
06,801  ' 
78,227 
11,680 
15,146 


0,740 
65,314 
38,110 
20,604  , 
32,829 

3,836 
28,333 


13,146 
38,141 
31,438 
12,438 
61,170 
63,025 


13,058 
51,501 
3,162 
0,376 
48,867 
14,814 


4,056 
32,205 
05,005 


50,514 
118,107 
202,300 

20,851 
57,110 
30,435 
120,463 
36,513 
43,003 


24,074 
65,005 
35,233 
74,704 
44,065 
27,777 
13,015 
4,714 
30,510 


4,511 
22,563 

16,763  I 
86,062 
78, 130 
0,771  ! 
13,584 


11,729 
60,723 
18,888 
52,(iQ2 
29,303 
5,367  , 
29,316 


Seven  months  ending 
January. 


10,000 
101,911 
86,625 
24,600 
75,706 


170,397 
34,372 

iisiiio' 

58,211 


1007. 


121,752 
566,022 
341,240 
200,081 
414,660 
365,303 


30,008 
661,604 

73,625 

07,827 
275,172 

80,200 


167,487 

630,107 

1,562,605 


418,354  I 
180,600 
280,072  ; 

123,208  I 
312,810  I 
256,226  I 
780,277 
145,818  \ 
336,510  I 


216,072 
605.006  , 
332,805  ! 
507,282 
202,002 
186,010 
43,450 
30,603 
180,256  : 


56,505 
62,456  I 

344,053  I 
773,323  , 
338,735  I 
66,820 
158,960 


72,988 
473,189 
189,795 
304,846 
274,623 

43,140 
243,977 


362,000 
947,976 
623,720 
396,776 
122,680 
222,930 


1008. 


134,062 
378, 54» 


134,758 
776,gTt> 
421, 66» 


70,620 
870,750 

57,828 
182,702 
536,860 
118,301 


507,225 

402,070 

1,005,77^ 


520,077 
423,706 
662,508 

156,704 
732,488 
427,244 
074,534 
303,622 
465,873 


223,418 
588,807 
343,225 
420,832 
387,876 
231,406 
64,862 
23,004 
220,534 


57,470 
128,357 

282,314 
1,128,302 
747,613 
81,246 
105.000 


88,106 
411,582 
134,822 
203,247 
348,102 

51,834 
349,00ft 


92,480r 
331,242 
501,077 
105,726 
407,886 
688,581 


594     INTERNATIONAL   BUBEAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   BBPUBLJCB. 


EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE-Continned. 


Articles  and  countries. 


January. 


1907. 


1906. 


Seven  montha  tmMn^ 
Janoaiy. 


1907. 


1006. 


Typewriting  machines  and  parts  of  {Mecantgrafoa 
y  acceaonos;  rruichinas  ae  eseribir  e  acceaonoa; 
nuichinea  a  icrire  et  leura  partiea) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brasil 

Columbia 

Other  South  America , 

Leather,  other  than  sole  (Ouero,  diatinto  del  de  auelaa; 
cowro,  n&o  para  solaa;  cttirs,  autrea  que  pour 
aemeUea) : 

Central  America 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil. . . : 

Other  South  America 

Boots  and  shoes  (Calzadoa:  calqadoa;  chauaaurea): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Colombia 

Other  South  America 

Meat  and  dairy  products: 
Beef,  canned  (Came  de  vaca  en  lataa;  came  de  vacca 
em  lataa;  boeuf  conaervi) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Other  South  America 

Beef,  salted  or  pickled  (Came  de  vaca  aalada  6  ado- 
bada;  came  ae  vacca,  aalgada;  boeuf  aaU) : 

Central  America 

South  America 

Tallow  (Sebo;  aebo;  auif) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Chile 

Other  South  America 

Bacon  (Tocino;  toucinfio;  lardfumf): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Brazil 

-Other  South  America 

Hams  (Jamonea;  preaurUos;  jambons) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Venezuela 

Other  South  America 

Pork  (Came  de  puerco;  came  de  porco; pore): 

Cuba 

South  America 

Lard  (Manteca;  bariha;  saindoux) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Venezuela 

Other  South  America 

Lard  compounds  (Compuefttos  de  manteca,  compostoa 
de  banha;  composies  de  saindoux) : 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Butter  {Mantequilla;  manielga;beurre): 

Central  America 

Mexico 

•     Cuba » 

Brazil 

Venezuela 

Other  South  America 

Cheese  (Quetto; ^ijo.fromage): 

Centra  I  America 

Af  ex  ico 

Cuba 


4,586 
29,620 
12,573 
7,510 
8,483 
1,674 
22,190 


28,148 
14,419 
14,725 
8,677 
9,772 

54,431 

149,801 

1,142 

24,224 


7,042 
2,030  I 
1,063 
2,927  I 


15,159 ; 

10,184 

12,191 

2,813 

487 

2,317 :. 

4,640 

2,674 
7,918  ' 

69,407 

16,456 
448 

18,601 ; 

15,023  I 
49,538  I 

3,303 

3,214 


3,488 
22,645 
10,446 
22,838 
8,095 
1,847 
17,377 


19,487 
4,T91 
31,379 
14,782 
17,078 

78,038 

148,223 

3,594 

37,475 


2,769 

397 

3,543 

1,042 


13,722 
11,965 

13,209 
3,995 
4,125 


2,414 

3,172  ! 

3,102 
18,167 
16,548 
234  I 

19,706  ' 
7,840 

44,405 
3,331 
3,276  ' 


26,507 
220,44Mi 
47,058 
72,776 
37,321 
9,161 
110,970 


124,535 
76,914 

142,398 
77,544 

160,583 

340,505 
892,600 
28,337 
245,385 


41,782 
17,931 
11,238 
26,552 


71,373 
155,300 

77,269 
14,042 
4,285 
52,090 
33.345 

19,129  i 
33,809  ; 
352,639 
116,171 
3,444 

82,560  ■ 
67,324  I 
348,044 
29,186 
35,854 


39,944 

57,20 
87,333 
06,4n 
9,9a 
141,0« 


155,00 
73,061 

135,599 
96»016 

100,701 

470,3V 

984,741 

38,117 

306,978 


45,708 
0,381 
ie,60S 

26,787 


108,8U 
144,806 

7»,215 
33,07 
33,601 
35,59 
31,018 

24,784 

31,616 

256,864 

132,603 

14.010 

113,906 
84.371 

372,836 
29,446 
47,337 


61,170 
13,076 

81,855  ' 
9,263 

386,420  ' 
136,045  ; 

487,976 
153,031 

72,843 

86,797 
352,166 

49,605  1 
6,864 
4,333 
9,726 

28,125  1 

25,604 

121,298 

270,704 

67,590 

4,193 

8,420 

4,387 

74,790 

-   395,964 
382,116 

1,099,253 
564,396 
111,755 
28,499 
153,362 
341,223 

307. 3U 

506,661 

1,720,950 

546, 3« 

101,00 

61.737 

51,096 

414,086 

45.993 
255,016 

36,568 
135,217 

499,928 
897,565 

323.  S8 
1,096,3QS 

13,434 
15,201  1 
11,165  ! 
1.920 
1,326 
2,109  ; 

18,716 
7,777 
2,597 
193 
1,107 
3,375 

100,163 
81,625 
41,663 
52,319 
37.966 
33,880 

134,136 
76.006 
21486 
24.267 
34.606 
28.917 

7,969 
3,639 

6,525 
3,101 

46,203 
24,126 
10,062  . 

50.  SO 

32.856 
14.168 

UNITED    STATES. 
BXP0RT8  OF  MERCHANDISE-Contlnued. 


595 


Articles  and  ooontriei. 


BiATAl  Stores: 
RosiD,  tar,  etc.  (Re^na,  alquUran,  etc.:  retina  e  alcO' 
trtio;  reHne  et  goudron) : 

Cuba 

Argentine  Repablio 

Brazil 

Other  South  America 

Turpentine  (Aguarrat; aifuarat;  Uribenthine) : 

Central  America 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chile 

Other  South  America 


January. 
1907.       I       1908. 


Oils:  I 

Mineral,  crude  {Aceites  mineraU8;crudo9:oleot  mine- 
nu8,  crus;  huUeSt  mineralest  brutes) :  I 

Mexico \ 

Cuba 1. 

Illuminating  (Aeeitet  para  alumbrado  cieos  para  iStt-  i 
fntnacAo;  h^UUt  d'eclairage) : 

Central  America 

Cuba I 

Argentine  Republic. , . . . 

BrazU !...t 

Chile. I 

Other  South  America | 

Lubricating  {Acettes  para  la  hibricacHm:  oleos  para  \ 
lubrifica^;  huiles  ii  graitter) :  i 

Mexico. 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

BrazU 

Chile. 

Vegetables  (Accite*  vtgetaks;  oUoBjj^getaet:  huilet  \ 
vfgHales) : 

Central  America 

Mexico i 

Cuba 

Argentine  Republic 

BrazU 

ChUc 

Other  South  Amenca j 

Paper  {Papel;  papel;  papier) : 

Mexico t 

Cuba ! 

Argentine  Republic 

Brazil 

Chlte. 

Other  South  America ! 


Paraffin  {Parafina;  paraffina;  paraffine) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

South  America 


Tobacco,  immanufactured  (Tabaco  em  rama;  tobacco  ' 
n&o  manufacturado;  tabac  non  mant^acturi) : 

Central  America 

Mexico I 

Arsentine  Republic 

Colombia i 

Other  South  America , 

Manufactured  ( Tabaco  elaborado;  tobacco  manufadur' 
ado;  tabac  mam^acturf) :  I 

Central  America 

( 
Wood  unmanufactured  (Madera  Hn  labrada;  madeira 
nAo  manufacturada.boii  brtU) :  i 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba i 

Argentine  Republic I 

Other  South  America i 


I 


7,600  I 


49,733  ! 
12,ft39  I 

1,666 
8,579 
13,709 
18,206 
10,627 
2,964 


124,233 


37,701 
38,114 
40/966  I 
197,192  I 
66,296  ! 
50,184 


17,831 
52,680 
29,488 
30,677 
13,813 


5,202 
87,030 
28,515 

5,025 
134,016 

1,817 
16,440 


6,579 
21,390 
16,029 
414 
11,775 
16,002 


6,972 

113,232 

4,013 


6,258  I 
18,636  I 
3,350  ' 
1.060 
3,793 


10,096 


36,996 
141,709 
3,156  . 
15,000  . 
15,492  I 


7,845 
38,233 
25,060 
17,870 

1,246 
5,848 
23,017 
ia066 
1,473 
5,073 


2,423 
56,301 

31,206 

2,321 

199,104 

267,506 

21,113 
110,157 


13,346 
22,943 
69,375 
21,432 
27,838 


6,129 
157,381 
14,647 
17,830 
27,927 

1,838 
12,266 


9,136 
23,833 
26,352 

1,145 
13,541 
10,274 


6,564 
73,072 
2,214  , 


3,766 
5,457 
15,439 
640 
5.248 


5,101 


70,672 
96,925 


Se^en  months  ending 
January. 


1907. 


458 


51,622 
306,618 
318,177 
150,344 

24,945 
51,929 
115,294 
94,589 
60,574 
44,506 


644,194 
257,932 


154,574 

77,500 

1,116,296 

1,553,052 

287,109 

675,436 


166,306 
189,122 
243,038 
211,021 
117,212 


26,985 
536,380 
107, 101 

45,648 
240,175 

30,051 

76,825 


33,492 
117,031 
183,644 
9,382 
91,808 
57,625 


37,361 
362,981 
32,439 


36,607 
81,655 
27,713 
10,362 
50,850 


48,883 


387,916 
709,158 
77,686 
106,334 
193,576 


1906. 


62,096 
280^404 
446,297 
168,273 

28,068 
51,287 
366,729 
90,120 
76,160 
60,008 


606,704 
290,754 


206,668 
90,207 
1,231,190 
1,752,848 
323,611 
742,581 


96,418 
163,368 
323,893 
191,086 
128,628 


27,283 
609,910 

82,928 

95,lto 
163.195 

78,876 
117,501 


58,856 

161,041 
87,240 
5,210 

110,124 
50,774 


48,358 
365.831 
26,060 


33,225 
81.915 
148,206 
6,896 
54,990 


58,453 


405,418 

1,100,876 

16,761 

64,197 

19,900 


596     INTBBNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OF   THE  AMBBICAN   BEPUBLJCS. 


EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE-Ck>ntiiiaed. 


Articles  and  countries. 


January. 


1907. 


Lumber  {Maderaa;  madeiras;  boit  de  eomtrucUon) : 

Central  America 

.  Mexico 

Cuba 

Aigentlne  Republic. 

Brasll 

ChUe. 

Other  South  America 

Furniture  (MuebUs;  mobilia;  meubles) : 

Central  America 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Aigentine  Republic. 

Brazil 

ChUe. 

Colombia 

Venesuela '. 

Other  South  America 


87,629 
167,530 
268,972 
508,198 
145,120 

48,117 
130,796 

28,460 

97,794 

65,488 

42,012 

6,855 

6,581 

789 

6,299 

4,370 


1908. 


126,768 
116,885 
269,265 
33,150 
18,880 
39,613 

21,962 
103,128 

86,144 

76,098 
3,869 
5,058  i 
2,307 
3,633 

16,720 


Seven  monthB  <«»»Hi^ng 
JanuAiy. 


1907. 


747,533 

1,178,066 

1,206,283 

3,762,531 

720,755 

530,947 

775,318  , 

167,576  ' 

527,502 

301,787 

239,968 

42,334 

48,047 

9,442 

14,457 

65,817 


1S06. 


881 4H 

l,5e^MB 

l,064to21f 

2,081,iai 

220, 4» 

786,0n 

846,755 

221,731 

641,777 

450,871 

371,212 

60,618 

70,360 

12,2aO 

0,654 

03,304 


COKVEXTION  FOB  THE  ARBITRATION  OF  PECXJNIABY  CLAIMS. 

The  Government  of  the  United  States  has  made  pubUc  the  ratifica- 
tion by  the  Senate  of  March  2,  1907,  of  the  convention  signed  on 
August  13,  1906,  by  the  delegates  of  the  Governments  represented 
at  the  Third  International  Conference  of  American  States,  continuing 
in  force,  with  the  exception  of  its  third  article,  the  convention  pro- 
viding for  the  arbitration  of  pecuniary  claims  signed  on  January  30, 
J. 902,  by  the  delegates  to  the  Second  International  Conference. 

The  convention  contains  the  following  terms: 

* '  The  high  contracting  parties,  animated  by  the  desire  to  extend 
the  term  of  duration  of  the  treaty  on  pecuniary  claims,  signed  at 
Mexico,  January  30,  1902,  and  believing  that,  imder  present  condi- 
tions, the  reasons  underlying  the  third  article  of  said  treaty  have 
disappeared,  have  agreed  upon  the  following: 

**Sole  article.  The  treaty  on  pecuniary  claims,  signed  at  Mexico, 
January  30,  1902,  shall  continue  in  force,  with  the  exception  of  the 
third  article,  which  is  hereby  abolished,  until  December  31,1912,  both 
for  the  nations  which  have  already  ratified  it,  and  for  those  which 
may  hereafter  ratify  it.'' 

BATIFIOATION   OF  THE   CONVENTION   FOB   CODES   OP 
INTERNATIONAL  LAW. 

On  February  3,  1908,  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  ratified  the 
convention  signed  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  on  August  23,  1906,  by  the 
delegates  of  the  Governments  represented  at  the  Third  International 
Conference  of  American  States,  looking  to  the  establishing  of  an  in- 
ternational commission  of  jurists  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  draft 
codes  of  private  and  public  international  law  regulating  the  relations 
between'the  nations  of  America. 


UNITED  STATES.  597 

The  convention  provides: 

^'Article  1.  There  shall  be  established  an  international  commis- 
sion of  jurists,  composed  of  one  representative  from  each  of  the 
signatory  States,  appointed  by  their  respective  Governments,  which 
commission  shall  meet  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  a  draft  of  a  code 
of  private  international  law  and  one  of  public  international  law,  reg- 
ulating the  relations  between  the  nations  of  America.  Two  or  more 
Governments  may  appoint  a  single  representative;  but  such  repre- 
sentative shall  have  but  one  vote. 

*'Art.  2.  Notice  of  the  appointment  of  the  members  of  the  com- 
mission shall  be  addressed  by  the  Governments  adhering  to  this  con- 
vention, to  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil,  which 
shall  take  necessary  steps  for  the  holding  of  the  first  meeting. 

**  Notice  of  these  appointments  shall  be  commimicated  to  the  Gov- 
emmfent  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil  before  April  1,  1907. 

''Art.  3.  The  first  meeting  of  the  commission  shall  be  held  in  the 
city  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  during  the  year  1907.  The  presence  of  at  least 
12  of  the  representatives  of  the  signatory  States  shall  be  necessary  for 
the  organization  of  the  commission. 

''Said  commission  shall  designate  the  time  and  place  for  subsequent 
sessions,  provided,  however,  that  sufficient  time  be  allowed  from  the 
date  of  the  final  meeting  to  permit  of  the  submission  to  the  signa- 
tory States  of  all  drafts  or  all  important  portions  thereof  at  least  one 
year  before  the  date  fixed  for  the  Fourth  International  American 
Conference. 

"Art.  4.  Said  commission,  after  having  met  for  the  purpose  of 
organization  and  for  the  distribution  of  the  work  to  the  members 
thereof,  may  divide  itself  into  two  distinct  committees — one  to 
consider  the  preparation  of  a  draft  of  a  code  of  private  international 
law  and  the  other  for  the  preparation  of  a  code  of  public  inter- 
national law.  In  the  event  of  such  division  being  made,  the  com- 
mittees must*  proceed  separately  until  they  conclude  their  duties,  or 
else  as  provided  in  the  final  clause  of  article  three. 

"  In  order  to  expedite  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  this  work,  both 
committees  may  request  the  Governments  to  assign  experts  for  the 
consideration  of  especial  topics.  Both  committees  shall  also  have  the 
power  to  determine  the  period  within  which  such  special  reports  shall 
be  presented. 

"Art.  5.  In  order  to  determine  the  subjects  to  be  included  within 
the  scope  of  the  work  of  the  commission,  the  Third  International 
Conference  recommends  to  the  commission  that  they  give  special 
attention  to  the  subjects  and  principles  which  have  been  agreed  upon 
in  existing  treaties  and  conventions,  as  well  as  to  those  which  are 
incorporated  in  the  national  laws  of  the  American  States,  and  further- 
more recommends  to  the  special  attention  of  the  commission  the 


598     INTEBNATIONAIi  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBI^GS. 

treaties  of  Montevideo  of  1889  and  the  debates  relating  theareto,  as 
well  as  the  projects  of  conventions  adopted  at  the  Second  Interna- 
tional Conference  of  the  American  States  held  in  Mexico  in  1902  and 
the  discussions  thereon;  also  all  other  questions  which  give  promise 
of  juridical  progress,  or  which  tend  to  eliminate  the  causes  of  nuson- 
derstanding  or  conflicts  between  said  States. 

"Art.  6.  The  expense  incident  to  the  preparation  of  the  drafts, 
including  the  compensation  for  technical  studies  made  pursuant  to 
article  4,  shall  be  defrayed  by  all  the  signatory  States  in  the  pro- 
portion and  form  established  for  the  support  of  the  International 
Bm*eau  of  the  American  Republics,  of  Washington,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  compensation  of  the  members  of  the  commission,  which 
shall  be  paid  to  the  representatives  by  their  respective  Governments. 

"Art.  7.  The  Fom*th  International  Conference  of  the  American 
States  shall  embody  in  one  or  more  treaties  the  principles  upon 
which  an  agreement  may  be  reached,  and  shall  endeavor  to  secure 
their  adoption  and  ratification  by  the  nations  of  America. 

"Art.  8.  The  Governments  desiring  to  ratify  this  convention 
shall  so  advise  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil,  in 
order  that  the  said  Government  may  notify  the  other  Governments 
through  diplomatic  channels,  such  action  taking  the  place  of  an 
exchange  of  notes.'* 

THE  DISINFECTION  OF  IMPOBTED  HIDES. 

The  Treasury  Department  at  Washington  in  the  last  week  of  Jan- 
uary, 1908,  issued  the  following  order  revoking  the  recent  foreign 
hide  disinfection  order  and  providing  for  a  new  procedure  as  follows: 

Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  De- 
partment Circular  48  of  July  18,  1907  (T.  D.  28336),  relative  to  the 
disinfection  of  imported  hides,  is  hereby  revoked. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  T.  D.  23212  of  July  30,  1901, 
certificates  of  disinfection  will  be  required  upon  the  entry  of  all  hides 
of  meat  cattle,  when  not  dry  salted  or  arsenic  cured,  from  the  coun- 
tries of  Europe,  Africa,  Asia,  Australia,  and  South  America. 

Dry  hides  which  have  been  salted  or  arsenic  cured  will  be  considered 
as  having  been  disinfected  by  the  process  of  curing,  and  need  not  be 
submitted  to  any  further  treatment.  Dry  hides  which  have  not  been 
salted  or  arsenic  cured  should  be  disinfected.  Disinfection  with 
sulphur  dioxide  may  be  accepted  jn  case  a  room  is  provided  which 
can  be  tightly  closed  and  also  in  case  the  bundles  of  hides  are  undone 
and  each  hide  suspended  separately  from  the  ceiling  in  such  manner 
that  there  may  be  free  circulation  of  the  sulphur  fumes  and  that  all 
parts  of  the  surface  may  be  acted  upon.  There  should  be  at  least 
four  pounds  of  sulphur  burned  to  each  1,000  cubic  feet  of  air  space, 
and  the  room  should  be  kept  closed  and  the  hides  subjected  to  the 


UNITED  STATES.  599 

sulphur  dioxide  for  six  hours;  or  the  dry  hides  may  be  immersed  in  a 
four  per  cent,  solution  of  carbolic  acid,  or  a  one  to  1,000  solution  of 
bichloride  of  mercury  until  they  are  thoroughly  wet  with  the  disin- 
fectant. Fresh  or  moist  hides,  whether  salted  or  not,  should  be  dis- 
infected by  immersion  in  a  5  per  cent  solution  of  carbohc  acid,  or  a  1 
to  1,000  solution  of  bichloride  of  mercury. 

It  is  further  directed  that  hides  of  meat  cattle,  other  than  dry  salted 
or  arsenic  cured,  the  product  of  the  countries  above  named,  will  re- 
quire disinfection  as  above  whenever  they  shall  be  shipped  via  the 
ports  of  any  other  country;  and  that  hides  other  than  dry  salted  or 
arsenic  cured,  the  product  of  any  coimtry  not  named  above,  if  trans- 
shipped and  actually  landed  at  ports  in  any.  of  the  countries  named 
will  require  disinfection.  It  should  be  understood  that  the  regula- 
tions herein  provided  do  not  in  any  way  modify  or  affect  any  regula- 
tions concerning  disinfection  issued  imder  the  quarintine  laws  of  the 
United  States. 

Officers  of  the  customs  are  directed  to  treat  hides  of  meat  cattle 
shipped  to  the  United  States  without  proper  disinfection  as  prohibited 
importations  and  to  refuse  entry  of  such  hides,  including  calfskins, 
hide  cuttings,  or  parings,  and  glue  stock,  and  the  product  of  meat 
cattle,  shipped  from  any  of  the  coimtries  named,  except  hides,  parings, 
cuttings,  and  such  glue  stock  which  have  been  dry  salted  or  arsenic 
cured  or  lime  dried  after  soaking  for  forty  days  in  a  strong  solution 
of  Ume  (T.  D.  15648  and  T.  D.  15753)  and  except  abattoir  hides  the 
product  of  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Great  Britain  (T.  D.  20582)  and  hides 
taken  from  American  cattle  killed  in  lairages  in  Great  Britain,  in  all 
cases  where  the  invoices  are  not  accompanied  by  the  proper  certifi- 
cates of  disinfection  issued  by  the  American  consular  officers  in  the 
district  from  which  such  hides  are  imported,  and  the  disinfection  of 
such  hides  in  this  coimtry,  or  storage  of  the  same  in  general  order 
warehouse  wiD  not  be  permitted,  as  the  passage  of  diseased  hides 
through  the  country  or  storage  with  other  goods  would  tend  to  the 
dissemination  of  cattle  disease  in  the  United  States. 

LIVE-STOCK  STATISTICS,  1008. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  of  the  United  States  reports  as 
follows  regarding  the  numbers  and  values  of  live  stock  on  farms  and 
ranges  in  the  country  on  January  1,  1908: 

Horses,  19,992,000,  $1,867,530,000;  mules,  3,869,000,  $416,939,000; 
milch  cows,  21,194,000,  $650,057,000;  other  cattle,  50,073,000, 
$845,938,000;  sheep,  54,631,000,  $211,736,000;  swine,  56,084,000, 
$339,030,000. 

As  compared  with  the  same  date  of  the  preceding  year,  it  is  shown 
that  horses  increased  245,000;   mules,  52,000;   milch  cows,  226,000; 


600     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE  AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

other  cattle  decreased  1,493,000;  sheep  increased  1,391,000,  and 
swine  1,290,000. 

In  values,  horses  show  an  increase  of  $20,952,000;  .mules  de- 
creased $11,125,000;  milch  cows  increased  $4,560,000;  other  cattle 
decreased  $35,619,000;  sheep  increased  $7,526,000  and  swine 
decreased  $78,761,000. 

The  total  value  of  all  the  animals  enumerated  was  $4,331,230,000, 
as  compared  with  $4,423,698,000  on  January  1,  1907,  a  decrease  of 
$92,468,000,  or  2.1  per  cent. 

EXPORTS  OF  MEAT  PRODUCTS  IN  1907. 

Completed  statistics  of  exports  of  animals  and  meat  products  from 
the  United  States  during  1907  show  a  falling  off  in  the  value  of  the 
former  of  $4,637,040  and  in  the  latter  of  $6,553,359  as  compared  with 
the  preceding  year. 

For  meat  products,  the  total  export  value  in  1907  is  given  as 
$192,962,623,  against  $199,515,982  in  1906,  while  shipments  of 
meat  animals  in  the  two.  periods  are  reported  as  $34,808,819  and 
$39,445,859,  respectively. 

In  meat  products  the  chief  losses  in  the  year's  trade  were  in  bacon, 
about  $13,000,000;  lard,  $2,500,000;  canned  meats  and  cured  beef, 
each  $1,500,000,  and  srrialler  decreases  in  sausages  and  oleomarga- 
rine products.  Gains  are  shown  in  hams,  $3,000,000;  cured  pork, 
$2,500,000;  lard  compounds,  $2,000,000;  fresh  beef,  $1,500,000; 
oleo  oil,  $1,250,000,  and  sausage  casings,  $750,000. 

Animals  for  meat  show  a  decline  of  $4,500,000;  hogs  $37,000  and 
sheep  $123,000. 

COFFEE  IMPORTS  IN  1907. 

Total  imports  by  the  United  States  of  coffee  during  the  calendar 
year  1907  aggregated  940,247,312  pounds,  as  against  857,013,585  in 
the  preceding  year.  Of  the  quantity  imported,  727,187,465  pounds, 
or  77.34  per  cent,  was  furnished  by  Brazil,  and  the  American  conti- 
nent suppUed  nearly  98  per  cent. 

South  American  countries  other  than  Brazil  furnished  103,536,649 
pounds;  the  Central  American  States,  67,704,098  pounds,  and 
Mexico,  14,822,658,  leaving  a  little  over  2  per  cent  of  the  supply 
coming  from  the  East  Indies,  Europe,  Africa,  and  other  parts  of  Asia. 

The  per  capita  consumption  in  1907  was  nearly  11  pounds,  and 
the  average  import  cost  as  reported  to  the  custom-house  was  7.64 
cents  per  pound. 


URUGUAY.  601 

EXPORTS  OF  BXTBBBB  MANUFACTXJBBS,  1907. 

The  values  of  exports  of  manufactures  of  India  rubber  and  gutta- 
percha from  the  United  States  during  1907  are  officially  stated  as 
$6,993,333,  as  compared  with  $5,658,606  in  1906.  These  manufac- 
tures include  belting,  packing,  and  hose,  boots  and  shoes,  and  all 
other  rubber  goods.  The  value  of  the  first-named  classification  was 
$1,402,373,  of  the  second,  $1,646,880,  and  of  all  others,  $3,944,080. 

THE  TOBACCO  INDUSTBY  IN  1907. 

Statistics  compiled  by  the  *' United  States  Tobacco  Joumar^  from 
the  monthly  returns  of  the  intenal-revenue  receipts  of  the  country 
show  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  cigars  manufactured  in  1907  of 
20,258,907,  as  compared  with  1906,  the  figures  for  the  two  years 
being  7,353,232,089,  and  7,373,490,996,  respectively.  What  are 
known  in  the  trade  as  ''little  cigars*'  increased  in  number  from 
994,791,203  to  1,069,079,350,  a  gain  of  74,288,147,  while  cigarettes 
showed  an  advance  of  930,061,509  in  1907  over  1906,  the  figures  for 
the  two  years  being  5,298,790,523  and  4,368,729,015. 

Manufactured  tobacco  also  showed  a  great  gain  in  1907  over  the 
preceding  year,  361,060,437  pounds  being  the  reported  output,  as 
compared  with  358,963,279  pounds  in  1906,  an  increase  of  2,097,158 
pounds. 

URUGUAY. 

FINANCIAL  STATUS  IN  1906>7. 

The  financial  year  1906-7  ending  on  June  30,  1907,  showed  a 
treasury  surplus  for  the  RepubUc  of  Uruguay  of  $2,149,984,  as  com- 
pared with  $453,110  in  the  preceding  year,  thus  establishing  a  record 
of  prosperity  for  the  coimtrj'. 

The  total  revenue  for  the  twelve  months  aggregated  $26,159,411,  an 
increase  of  nearly  $6,000,000  over  the  fiscal  year  1906. 

Of  the  recorded  surplus  $1,000,000  was  applied  to  increasing  the 
capital  of  the  Bank  of  the  Republic  with  the  special  object  of  enabUng 
it  to  augment  its  note  issue,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  remainder 
was  expended  on  various  public  works  and  services,  under  the  head  of 
"extraordinary'^  expenditures. 

The  debt  service  of  the  country  has  been  promptly  met  and  local 
disbursements  made  with  the  strictest  punctuality. 

CUSTOMS  BECEIPTS  IN  1907. 

Customs  receipts  during  the  calendar  year  1907  by  the  Republic 
of  Uruguay  aggregated  $13,195,210,  as  compared  with  $12,863,597  in 
the  preceding  twelve  months,  a  total  net  increase  of  $331,612.     While 


602      INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU    OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLJOS. 

the  increase  is  not  so  great  as  that  recorded  for  1905  and  1906,  the 
total  for  the  year  forms  a  record  in  the  fourteen-year  period  since  1894. 

The  receipts  for  the  months  of  January,  February,  May,  June, 
July,  August,  and  December  of  1907  showed  an  increase  over  the 
corresponding  months  of  1906,  while  the  other  five  months  of  the  year 
showed  a  decline  in  customs. 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  increase  revenue  is  attributable  to 
import  duties,  $11,852,041  being  assigned  to  this  branch  of  trade, 
against  $11,395,656  in  the  preceding  year.  On  the  other  hand, 
export  duties  declined  from  $1,467,941  to  $1,343,168.  It  would 
thus  appear  that  while  the  country  imports  more  foreign  merchan- 
dise than  it  did  previously,  this  condition  has  not  been  accompanied 
by  an  increased  sale  of  its  products  abroad. 

The  above  statement  of  customs  revenue  does  not  include  the 
special  additional  duties  assigned  to  the  port  works  fund,  and  which 
probably  amoimted  to  $1,200,000. 

INAXTGTrBAL   SESSION   OF    THE    INTEBNATIONAL    CONGRESS    OF 
AMEBICAN  STUDENTS. 

On  January  26,  1908,  the  inaugural  session  of  the  International 
Congress  of  American  Students,  was  held  in  the  city  of  Montevideo, 
RepubUc  of  Uruguay.  The  following  countries  were  represented: 
Argentine  Republic,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Chile,  Guatemala,  Paraguay, 
Peru,  and  Uruguay,  the  number  of  delegates  exceeding  100.  Doctor 
Miranda,  of  Uruguay,  was  elected  President  of  the  Congress;  and 
the  President  of  the  Republic,  President  Roosevelt  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  Ministers  of  Foreign  Relations,  and  Public  Instruc- 
tion were  elected  honorary  presidents. 

PROPOSED  REVISION  OF  THE  MINING  CODE. 

In  accordance  with  a  decree  recently  issued  by  the  Ministry  of 
Industries,  a  commission  charged  with  the  revision  of  the  Uru- 
guayan mining  code  has  been  appointed.  The  specified  task  of  the 
commission  is  to  propose  such  reforms  as  may  be  deemed  necessary 
as  regards  the  mode  of  acquiring  property  in  mines,  the  regulation 
of  prospecting,  conditions  to  which  mining  concessions  should  be 
subject,  rights  of  discoverers,  conditions  and  effects  of  registration, 
obligations  and  rights  of  the  registrar  and  the  denouncer,  abandon- 
ment and  loss  of  mines  and  all  steps  necessary  for  the  regulariza- 
tion  of  mining  property  and  concessions. 

The  mining  industry  of  the  country,  though  believed  to  be  capable 
of  vast  development,  has  never  yet  been  worked  on  an  important 
scale,  and  it  is  believed  that  many  of  the  obstacles  to  development 
may  be  removed  by  the  establishment  of  a  satisfactory  and  com- 
prehensive legal  code. 


DBUGUAY.  603 

BALANCE  SHEET  OF  THE  BANK  OF  THE  REPUBLIC,  1907. 

The  balance  sheet  of  the  Bank  of  the  Republic  in  Montevideo,  for 
1907,  shows  that  the  profits  for  the  year  amounted  to  $728,242,  as 
against  $448,672  for  1906.  As  the  Government  is  the  only  share- 
holder, it  receives  80  per  cent  of  the  profits,  equivalent  to  $592,594. 

The  interest  on  the  loan  raised  for  the  bank's  capital  requires  a 
yearly  service  of  $470,000. 

BEGULATIONS  GOVERNING  INSXTBANCE  COMPANIES. 

The  following  clauses  in  the  Uruguay  license  tax  as  published  in 
the  '^Diario  Oficial^*  of  January  12,  and  subsequently  promulgated 
define  the  regulations  governing  the  operations  of  insurance  com- 
panies in  the  Republic: 

*^  Article  4,  No.  18,  states  that  insurance  companies  or  agencies, 
whatever  their  title  and  object,  whose  direction  and  subscribed 
capital  are  not  located  in  the  coxmtry,  as  also  every  person  or  insti- 
tution receiving  premiums,  shall  pay  at  the  end  of  each  quarter  an 
additional  license  (patente)  equivalent  to  6  per  cent  of  all  the  gross 
receipts  proceeding  from  policies  issued  in  the  Republic,  or  in  favor 
of  persons  residing  in  national  territory,  including  the  premiums  for 
renewal  of  policies  with  the  exception  of  maritime  insurances,  the 
additional  license  on  which  shall  be  4  per  cent,  life  insurances  which 
shall  pay  2  per  cent,  and  agricultural  and  labor  accident  insurances 
which  shall  be  exempt  from  said  tax. 

**  When  the  said  companies  or  agencies  have  their  board  of  directors 
and  capital  located  in  the  coimtry,  the  additional  license  shall  be  2 
per  cent,  with  the  exception  of  life  and  accident  insurances,  which 
shall  pay  1}  per  cent,  and  agricultural  and  labor  accident  insurances 
which  shall  be  exempt  from  the  tax. 

^' Every  foreign  company  or  agency  in  order  to  do  business  shall 
deposit  in  the  Bank  of  the  Republic,  and  within  six  months  from  the 
promulgation  of  this  act,  the  following  siuns  in  cash,  or  their  equiva- 
lent in  bonds  of  public  debt  valued  at  the  rate  of  quotation  on  the 
stock  exchange  the  day  previous  to  the  deposit : 

*'  1.  $30,000  for  fire  insurance  companies  or  agencies; 

*'2.  $20,000  for  other  classes  of  insurance  companies  operating  in 
one  risk  only. 

**  Companies  which  operate  in  more  than  one  risk  shall  deposit  an 
additional  $5,000  for  each  of  the  other  risks  which  they  insure. 

^'The  national  (i.  e.,  native)  companies  shall  deposit  in  the  same 
manner  the  half  of  said  sums. 

**  Agricultural  and  labor  accident  insurance  companies  are  exempted 
from  the  obligation  of  depositing  a  guarantee. 
332^8— Bull.  3-08 9 


604     INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU   OF   THE   AMERICAN   REPUBLICS. 

*^No  insurance  company  included  in  the  obligation  of  making  a 
deposit  may,  after  the  term  of  six  months,  do  business  without  having 
fulfilled  this  requisite,  and  the  infringers  of  this  disposition  shall  be 
penalized  with  arrest  for  six  months  to  one  year  and  with  the  closing 
of  the  respective  house  or  agency. 

^' Every  foreign  company  or  agency  which  proves  to  the  Govern- 
ment that  it  has  invested  in  the  country,  whether  in  real  estate  or  in 
pubUc  debt  or  mortgage  bonds  of  Uruguay,  a  sum  of  not  less  than 
$150,000,  exclusive  of  the  guarantee  to  which  it  is  obUged  as  above, 
shall  be  placed  on  a  par  with  the  national  or  native  companies  as 
regards  the  payment  of  additional  Ucense  and  of  the  deposit  of 
guarantee. 

*^  Every  false  declaration,  act,  or  omission,  tending  to  the  evasion 
of  the  tax  shall  be  penaUzed  by  twenty  times  the  value  of  the  same, 
without  prejudice  to  the  penal  actions  that  may  ensue. 

*'No  charge  is  made  on  reinsurances  which  the  companies  may 
make  between  themselves,  but  the  operations  of  reinsurance  accepted 
by  a  company  or  agency  situated  in  the  country  of  an  insurance 
effected  abroad,  shall  be  subject  to  payment  of  the  tax.'* 

According  to  the  provisions  of  article  14,  '' within  the  period  of  six 
months  established  in  clause  18  of  the  act,  the  companies,  agencies, 
and  other  persons  or  institutions  who  receive  premiums  shall  declare 
before  the  office  of  internal  taxes  the  class  of  risks  in  which  they  are 
going  to  operate,  and  prove  that  they  are  qualified  for  the  same  by  a 
presentation  of  a  certificate  of  the  Bank  of  the  Republic,  stating  that 
they  have  effected  the  deposit  in  conformity  with  the  dispositions  of 
said  clause.  The  deposit  shall  be  made  to  the  joint  order  of  the  execu- 
tive power  aYid  the  depositor." 

Article  15  states  ''  that  in  order  to  enjoy  the  benefit  of  the  reduction 
of  the  tax,  the  insurance  companies  or  agencies  whose  capital  is 
located  abroad  shall  further  establish  before  the  Ministry  of  Finance 
that  they  have  invested  in  the  country  $150,000  gold,  showing  to  this 
effect  the  schedule  of  property  tax  in  the  case  of  real  estate  or  the  cer- 
tificate of  deposit  in  the  Bank  of  the  Republic  to  the  joint  order  of  the 
executive  power  and  the  company  or  agency  in  the  case  of  funds  or 
public  values." 

The  change  of  location  of  the  insurance  companies  and  others  subject 
to  additional  patente  or  license,  for  the  effect  of  reduction  of  the 
same,  shall  in  no  case  entail  the  return  or  reduction  of  what  has 
already  been  paid  or  become  due. 


INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.      605 

VENEZUELA. 

REPEAL  OF  THE  MONOPOLY  ON  MATCHES. 

The  ^^Gaceta  OficiaV^  of  Venezuela  for  January  9,  1908,  publishes  a 
decree  of  President  Castro  of  that  date,  setting  aside  the  contracts  of 
August  29,  1904,  and  August  9,  1905,  establishing  the  monopoly  on 
matches  in  favor  of  the  Fdbrica  Ndcional  de  Fdaforos.  Hereafter 
the  manufacture  and  import  of  matches  is  free  in  all  the  territory  of 
the  Republic,  subject  only  to  inteiHal  revenue  and  customs  duties. 

The  "  Gaceta  OfidaV^  of  January  10,  1908,  publishes  a  decree  of  that 
date  regulating  the  internal  revenue  and  import  duties  on  njatches. 

The  internal-revenue  stamp  tax  upon  matches  is  as  follows: 

Upon  boxes  of  wooden  matches  containing  40  matches,  a  stamp  of 
the  value  of  1  centimo  of  bolivar. 

Upon  boxes  of  wax  matches  containing  60  matches,  a  stamp  of  the 
value  of  2  centimos  of  bolivar. 

Upon  boxes  of  fancy  wax  matches  containing  120  matches,  a  stamp 
of  the  value  of  4  centimos  of  bolivar. 

Matches  intended  for  export  pay  no  stamp  tax. 

Imported  matches  in  addition  to  the  internal-revenue  tax  pay 
import  duty  under  the  fourth  customs  class,  as  does  also  phosphorus 
paste  used  in  the  manufacture  of  matches. 

MAGNESITE  CONCESSION 

United  States  Consul  Thomas  P.  Moffat,  of  La  Guaira,  reports  a 
recent  concession  by  the  Venezuelan  Government,  granting  the  exclu- 
sive privilege,  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years,  of  exporting  mag- 
nesite  found  on  private  lands  in  the  island  of  Margarita.  The  Gov- 
ernment is  to  receive  1  boUvar  (19.3  cents)  on  each  ton  exported.  It 
is  estimated  that  the  annual  output  wiU  be  from  12,000  to  15,000  tons. 
Work  has  been  commenced  on  several  properties,  and  shipments  will 
probably  be  made  very  soon.  A  private  contract  is  said  to  have 
been  made  between  the  grantee  and  an  American  company  for  the 
entire  quantity  exported. 


606     INTERNATIONAL  BUBEAU   OP   THE   AMERICAN   BEPUBL.ICS. 

BRITISH  MERCHANDISE  IN  LATIN  AMERICA, 

1906-7. 

Among  the  leading  articles  of  British  commerce  shipped  to  Latin 
America  during  r907,  with  their  respective  valuations,  were  the  fol- 
lowing, the  figures  for  1906  being  also  given  for  purposes  of  com- 
parison: 


To  South  America. 


1906. 


1907. 


Locomotives 17,578,551 

Agricultural  &igine« !  1,402.678 

other  steam  engines I  2,524, 540 

Agricultural  machines 1,370,917 

Sewing  machines |  271 ,701 

Mining  machinery i  350,417 

Textile  machinery |  1,024, 8M 

Other  machinery i  6,335,569 


S8,054,3« 

863,443 

2,490,669 

1,050,292 

384,497 

444,596 

1,877,M1 

6,307,304 


In  cotton  piece  goods  the  following  shipments  are  reported : 


To— 


Ifexleo ,..*,„**.,.., 

Central  Ameiiea 

Cubft *...*..-*, 

TIaUl  and  3anto  Domingo. 
ColomhUi  aud  Faniuna..^. 

Vene^udii. . . , 

rem.., „..., 

Chlla 

BraEll ^., 

Uru^ufty,..,.,,...,* 

Argentine  HcpubliC! 


1006. 


42,900,300 
58,712, «00 
36,SK)f6(» 

fis,m,ioo 

50,Q04,«)0 
3)8,902,000 
104,149,400 
124,166,700 
43,DU,000 
lfl2,9l&|0Q0 


I9Q7. 


29,300,600 

4*i,24^,JXl 
64,242,700 
10,613,300 

Qi,seeiioo 

53,327,100 
;^,iU,700 
112,445,500 
l44,^J47,*KiO 
;t2,!SiQ2,W0 
1«0,:134,000 


IMS. 


|i,%23,49£ 

2,;2e,4»« 

3,3IH,QM 

2,201, 23$» 
6,029,136 
S,1M,275 
2,B54,*;h6 


1907. 


2,333,3H 

2,16nMD 
7,005,  ISA 

2,3BL» 


EXMO.  SR.  DON  JOS^  ALGARA,  SUBSECRETARIO  DE  RELACIONES  EXTERIORES  DE  MEXICO,  QUE 
FALLECI6  EL  10  DE  MARZO  1908. 

His  Kxctellency  Don  Joso  Als:»ini.  Assistant  Sccrotary  of  Foreign  RelHtions.  of  Moxico,  die<i 

Marcli  10.  I'.KX^. 


BOLETIN  MeNSUAL 

DE   LA 

OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPIIBLICAS  AMERICANAS, 

Uiii6ii  Internacional  de  Republicas  Americanas. 


Vol.  XXVI.  MARZO  1908.  No.  3. 


Cuando  esta  edici6n  del  BoletIn  se  est6  repartiendo,  ya  se  habr&n 
recibido  propuestas  de  las  razones  sociales  que  ban  sido  Invitadas 
para  que  presenten  presupuestos  para  la  coiistrucci6n  del  nuevo 
edificio  de  la  Oficina  Internacional.  S61o  debe  requerirse  un  corto 
tiempo  para  -celebrar  el  contrato,  y  los  trabajos  verdaderos  deben 
inaugurarse  &  mediados  de  abril,  &  mas  tardar.  Se  har&n  grandes 
esfuerzos  por  activar  los  trabajos,  &  fin  de  que  el  edificio  est^  pr&cti- 
camente  terminado  antes  de  que  el  Secretario  de  Estado  y  Presidente 
del  Consejo  Directivo  se  retire  de  su  alto  empleo  en  marzo  de  1909. 
En  vista  del  especial  interns  que  el  Secretario  Root  se  ha  tornado  en 
las  relaciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos  con  la  America  Latina,  en  la 
reorganizaci6n  y  ensanche  de  la  Oficina  y  en  exponerle  de  tal  manera 
al  Sefior  Carnegie  la  importancia  de  la  esfera  de  acci6n  de  la  Oficina, 
que  este  caballero  contribuy6  generosamente  $750,000  para  el  nuevo 
edificio  de  la  Oficina,  el  Consejo  Directivo  se  siente  un&nimemente  dis- 
puesto  d  activar  los  trabajos  todo  lo  posible,  &  fin  de  que  la  inaugu- 
raci6n  de  este  nuevo  edificio  se  efecttie  durante  la  administraci6n  del 
Sefior  Root.  Las  descripciones  y  pianos,  tales  como  fueron  aproba- 
dos  finalmente  por  el  Secretario  de  Estado  y  el  Director  de  la  Oficina, 
en  represelitaci6n  del  Consejo  Directivo,  contienen  muchas  mejoras 
respecto  de  los  disefios  originales,  y  no  cabe  duda  de  que  este  edificio 
ser&  uno  de  los  m&s  hermosos  de  W&shington.  En  61  podr&  admirarse 
tanto  lo  artistico  como  lo  titil,  simbolizando  el  objeto  al  cual  se  ha 
de  consagrar,  y  adaptdndose,  no  obstante,  para  que  en  61  puedan 
llevarse  &  cabo  todos  los  trabajos  pr&cticos  de  la  Oficina.  Se  espera 
que  las  fotograflas  de  los  dibujos  revisados  puedan  reproducirse  en  la 
edici6n  de  abril  del  BoletIn.  La  demora  de  los  arquitectos  para 
torniinar  los  pianos  ha  sido  ocasionada,  en  gran  parte,  por  las 
revisiones  de  los  primeros  dibujos  y  el  detenido  estudio  que  se  ha 
hecho  de  todos  los  detalles. 


608    OFICINA   INTEENACIONAL   DE   LAS   REPUBLICAS  AMERICAJ^^AS. 
MUERTE   DEL   SENOR   BON   JOSE    ALGARA. 

Con  el  fallecimiento  del  Exmo.  Sefior  Don  Jos6  Aloara,  Subsecre- 
tario  de  Relaciones  Exteriores  de  Mexico,  acaecido  el  dia  10  de  marzo 
corriente,  en  la  capital  de  la  vedna  Reptlblica,  ha  perdido  6sta  uno 
de  BUS  mds  leales  servidores  y  uno  de  sus  hijos  m&s  predbkros,  y  la 
Oficina  Internacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas  un  amigo  bueno 
y  consecuente. 

El  Sefior  Algara  ocup6  puestos  de  la  mayor -importancia  y  res- 
ponsabilidad,  tales  como  la  Cdtedra  de  Derecho  Internacional 
Privado  y  de  Legislaci6n  Comparada  en  la  Escuela  de  Jurispni- 
dencia  de  Mfixico,  habiendo  sido  Miembro  de  la  Junta  Directiva  del 
Colegio  de  Abogados,  Secretario  de  Estado  Interino,  y-ocupado  otros 
mestos  de  cardcter  administrativo,  demostrando  siempre  su  idoenidad 
en  el  desempefio  de  sus  deberes. 


LA    NUEVA    COMISI6n   PAN-AMERICANA. 

La  Tercera  Conferencia  Pan- Americana  que  se  celebr6  en  Rio  de 
Janeiro  prescribi6  sabiamente  el  nombramiento  de  una  comisidn  en 
cada  pafs  nombrada  por  el  Secretario  de  Relaciones  Exteriores  6 
Secretario  de  Estado,  que  debla  cooperar  con  61  para  obtener  la 
aprobaci6n  de  los  tratados,  convenciones  y  resoluciones  aprobadas 
por  la  Conferencia,  y  tambi6n  con  la  Oficina  Internacional  de  las 
Reptiblicas  Americanas,  fi.  fin  de  iniciar  y  llevar  &.  cabo  las  medidas 
para  el  desarrollo  de  la  cordialidad  y  el  comercio  pan-americanos,  que 
sin  duda  redundaria  en  beneficio  de  los  palses  interesados.  El  Se- 
cretario Root  invit6  recientemente  &.  los  siguientes  hombres  repre- 
sentativos  para  que  presten  servicios  como  miembros  de  esta  comi- 
si6n  por  parte  de  los  Estados  Unidos: 

Sr.  Andrew  Carnegie;  Hon.  William  I.  Buchanan,  presidente 
de  la  delegaci6n  de  los  Estados  Unidos  &  la  Tercera  Conferencia 
Pan- Americana;  Sr.  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  Senador  de  los  Estados 
Unidos,  por  la  Virginia  Occidental;  Sr.  Charles  B.  Landis,  Repre- 
sentante  de  Indiana  en  el  Congreso  de  los  Estados  Unidos;  Sr. 
James  L.  Slayden,  Representante  de  Texas  en  el  Congreso  de  los 
Estados  Unidos;  Gen.  A.  E.  Bates,  del  Ej6rcito  de  los  Estados 
Unidos,  retirado;  Prof.  L.  S.  Rowe,  de  la  Universidad  de  Pensilvania 
y  Delegado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  &  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Pan- Ame- 
ricana; Hon.  Robert  Bacon,  Subsecretario  de  Estado;  Sr.  Benja- 
min Ide  Wheeler,  Presidente  de  la  Universidad  de  California; 
Sr.  E.  J.  James,  Presidente  de  la  Universidad  de  Illinois;  Prof. 
Paul  S.  Heinsch,  de  la  Universidad  de  Wisconsin;  Sr.  William  E. 


OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMBBICANAS.    609 

Curtis,  conocido  corresponsal  de  peri6dicos,  y  el  Sr.  John  Barrett, 
Director  de  la  Oficina  Intemacional. 

Al  nombrar  esta  comisi6n,  el  Secretario  de  Estado  manifestd  que 
6sta  podfa  prestar  importantfsimos  y  titiles  servicios  cooperando  con 
los  yarios  Estados  americanos  en  la  direcci6n  de  sus  mutuos  acuerdos 
y  cordiales  relaciones. 


ratificaci6n  de  los  tratados  centro-americanos. 

Es  muy  grato  anotar  la  ratificaci6n — por  una  mayorla  de  los 
(jobiemos  Centro-Americanos — de  los  tratados  y  convenciones  que 
fueron  firmados  en  la  Conferencia  de  Paz  Centro-Americana  que  se 
celebr6  recientemente  en  W&shington.  Esta  actitud  de  los  Gobiemos 
Centro-Americanos  no  puede  menos  de  dar  lugar  &  que  se  hagan  los 
m&s  encomi&sticos  comentarios  en  todos  los  dmbitos  del  mundo, 
Uamando  asl  la  atenci6n  hacia  sus  grandes  posibilidades  de  desarrollo 
y  progreso.  Segtin  repetidas  veces  se  ha  indicado  en  el  BoletIn, 
la  America  Central  en  conjunto  puede  considerarse  como  una  de  las 
regiones  que  posee  mayores  recursos  naturales  del  Hemisferio  Occi- 
dental, y  s61o  espera  abundante  capital,  m&s  ferrocarriles,  mejores 
vlas  de  comunicaci6n  acudticas,  y  un  gobiemo  estable  y  permanente, 
para  obtener  un  grado  de  progreso  y  prosperidad  que  ha  de  asombrar 
al  mundo. 


el   HON.    WILLL^M   J.    BRYAN   Y   LA   AMI^RICA   LATINA. 

El  dfa  15  de  febrero,  el  Sr.  John  Barrett,  Director  de  la  Oficina 
Intemacional,  correspondiendo  &  una  invitaci6n  especial  del  Club 
Comercial  de  Lincoln,  Estado  de  Nebraska,  pronunci6  un  discurso  en 
su  banquete  anual,  en  el  cual  discutio  las  relaciones  comerciales  extran- 
jeras  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  sobre  todo  en  cuanto  se  refieren  &  la  Amer- 
ica Latina.  En  vista  del  hecho  de  que  el  Hon.  William  J.  Bryan — 
que  es  uno  de  los  hombres  ptiblicos  m&s  prominentes  de  los  Estados 
Unidos — reside  en  Lincoln,  el  Sefior  Barrett  le  escribi6  una  carta, 
que  fu6  contestada  por  el  Sefior  Bryan,  acerca  del  asunto  de  los 
Estados  Unidos  y  la  America  Latina,  asimto  que  reviste  un  inter6s  que 
traspasa  los  llmites  de  lo  puramente  local,  y  por  consecuencia,  & 
continuaci6n  se  insertan  las  cartas  referidas: 


610  oficina  intern  acional  de  las  republic  as  amebic  ak  as. 

''Oficina  Intern  acional  de  las  Republicas  Amebic  an  as, 

''  Washington^  D.  (7„  enero  20  de  1908. 
''Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan, 

^^A  cargo  del  National  Press  Bureau y 

''  Edificio  de  Munseyy  Wa^hingtony  D.  C. 

'*Mi  Estimado*Senor  Bryan: 

**E1  Club  Comercial  de  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  me  ha  invitado  para 
que  pronuncie  un  discurso  en  su  primer  banquete  anual,  sobre  las  rela- 
ciones  comerciales  de  los  Estados  Unidos  con  las  Reptiblicas  situadas 
al  sur  de  nosotros.  Como  quiera  que  V.  es  uno  de  los  residentes 
m&s  distinguidos  de  aquella  ciudad  y  Estado,  y  como  su  opinidn  ha 
de  influir  mucho  en  dicho  lugar,  me  seria  muy  grato  conocer  su  parecer 
acerca  de  la  iniciativa  encaminada  &  obtener  el  fomento  de  un  coiner- 
cio  mayor  y  de  mayor  cordialidad  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  sus 
naciones  hermanas,  &  fin  de  que  me  sea  posible  leer  en  esta  reuni6n 
de  sus  conciudadanos,  lo  que  V.  opine  sobre  el  particular. 

*' A  prop6sito  de  lo  expuesto,  me  tomo  la  Ubertad  de  afLadir  que  si 
piensa  V.  permanecer  algimos  dfas  en  W&shington,  yo  tendrla  el  mayor 
placer  en  presentarle  k  los  Embajadores  yMinistros  de  las  Reptiblicas 
Latino-Americanas  que  constituyen  nuestro  Gonsejo  Directivo  y 
representan  el  mejor  elemento  de  los  estadistas  y  ciudadanos  de  la 
America  Latina, 

*'Quedo  de  V.  muy  respetuosamente, 

''John  Barrett." 


''Washington,  D.  C,  enero  28  de  1908. 
"Hon.  John  Barrett, 

^^Ofdna  de  las  Republicas  Americanas, 

"  WdsUngton,  D,  C.    • 

"Mi  Estimado  Senob  Barrett: 

"Acabo  de  recibir  su  atenta  carta.  Al  contestar  su  pregunta 
permltame  manifestarle  que  no  s61o  estoy  interesado,  sino  profunda- 
mente  interesado  en  el  desarrollo  de  nuestro  comercio  con  la  America 
del  Sur.  Creyendo,  como  ef ectivamente  creo,  que  la  idea  del  gobiemo 
republicano  est4  destinada  &  propagarse  por  todos  los  &mbitos  del 
mundo,  contemplo  con  verdadero  interns  el  desarrollo  de  las  Repti- 
blicas situadas  al  sur  de  nosotros.  He  estado  dos  veces  en  Mexico,  y 
estuve  presente  en  la  inauguraci6n  del  primer  Presidente  de  la  Repti- 
blica  de  Cuba.  Pens6  hacer  un  viaje  k  la  America  del  Sur  este  in  viemo, 
pero  me  he  visto  obligado  k  aplazarlo  k  mi  pesar. 

"Si  tiene  V.  la  bondad  de  leer  los  artfculos  que  he  escrito  sobre 
M6xico  y  Cuba,  notarfi,  V.  que  el  tono  de  ellos  es  evidentemente  amis- 
toso.     Yo  apruebo  la  actitud  del  Presidente  Cleveland  acerca  de 


OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS.    611 

Venezuela,  y  en  artlculos  de  fondo  he  propuesto  el  fomento  del  co- 
mercio  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  America  del  Snr  mediante  el  esta- 
blecimiento  de  llneas  de  vapores,  tanto  en  la  costa  oriental  como  en  la 
occidental  de  ambos  palses.  En  vez  de  subvencionar  llneas  particu- 
lares,  indiquS  que  el  Gk)biemo  construyese  algunos  buques  adecuados 
para  prestar  el  servicio  de  transporte  en  tiempo  de  guerra,  y  que 
entonces  los  cediese  en  arrendamiento  en  tiempo  de  paz,  &  condici6n 
de  que  establezcan  el  tr&fico  de  carga  y  pasajeros  entre  nuestro  pais  y 
todos  los  pafses  de  la  America  del  Sur. 

''Me  agradarla  mucho  ser  presentado  &  los  representantes  de  las 
Reptlblicas  de  Sur  America  que  constituyen  su  Consejo  Directivo. 

''D&ndole  las  gracias  por  haber  tenido  la  bondad  de  Uamar  mi 
atenci6n  hacia  este  asimto. 

"Quedo  de  V.  atento  y  seguro  servidor, 

''W.J.  Bryan.'' 


HOMENAJE   DE   LA   AMi:RICA   LATINA   AL   SECRETARIO   BOOT. 

El  Consejo  Directivo  de  la  Oficina  Intemacional  en  su  tUtima  reu- 
ni6n  aprovech6  la  circunstancia  de  hallarse  ausente  el  Secretario 
Root,  presidente  de  dicho  Consejo,  para  rendirle  un  cumplido  home- 
naje.  Cuando  las  deliberaciones  de  la  jimta  llegaron  al  pimto  en  que 
se  tom6  en  consideraci6n  el  nuevo  edificio,  se  present6  una  moci6n, 
que  fu6  unAnimemente  aprobada,  con  varios  discursos  muy  apropiados, 
con  el  siguiente  fin : 

Que  al  construirse  el  nuevo  edificio  para  la  Oficina  Intemacional 
de  las  Reptlblicas  Americanas  se  levante  en  61  un  monumento  apro- 
piado  en  honor  al  Sefior  Secretario  Root,  como  reconocimiento  y 
publico  testimonio  de  sus  importantisimos  servicios  y  de  sus  con- 
states trabajos  al  favor  de  la  Uni6n  Panamericana. 


CONFERENCIA    SOBRE   CAMOENS   POR    EL    EMBAJADOR    NABUCO. 

El  Sr.  Jaoquim  Nabuco,  hAbil  y  erudito  Embajador  del  Brasil,  ha 
sidb  invitado  por  la  Universidad  de  Yale  para  que  d6  una  conferencia 
ante  laFacultad  y  los  estudiantes  de  dicha  imiversidadsobreCamoens, 
el  eximio  poeta  portugu6s.  Por  mAs  satisfactorio  que  sea  anotar  el 
creciente  interns  que  despiertan  los  grandes  literatos  del  mimdo  latino, 
cuyos  nombres  son  tan  f amiliares  en  la  America  Latina  y  tan  poco 
conocidos  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  es  especialmente  grato  que  se  haya 
escogido  al  Embajador  Nabuco  para  que  diserte  sobre  Camoens  ante 
un  auditorio  tan  culto  como  el  que  le  ha  de  ofr.  El  Sefior  Nabuco 
considerado  no  s61o  como  uno  de  los  diplomAticos  mAs  emi 


612    OFICINA   INTERN ACIONAIi   DE   LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

toda  la  America,  sino  que  tambifin  es  admirado  por  su  erudici6ii  en  el 
orbe  entero.  Esta  conferencia  debe  ser  no  s61o  una  disertaci6n 
repleta  de  valiosos  informes,  sino  un  verdadero  acontecimiento 
literario. 


UN  ELOGIO  PBODIGADO  POR  EL  SENOR  BRIDGMAK. 

Todos  los  que  trabajan  sinceramente  en  pro  de  una  buena  causa 
agradecen  mucho  ima  frase  de  elogio  y  aprobaci6n  cuando  procede 
de  un  juez  tan  perito  como  el  Seflor  Bridgman.  Parece  que  en  la 
conciurencia  que  oy6  el  discurso  del  Director  de  la  Oficina  sobre  la 
America  Latina  y  su  viaje  por  los  Andes,  pronunciado  ante  la  Socie- 
dad  GeogrAfica  Americana,  en  el  Sal6n  de  M&idelssohn,  en  la  ciudad  de 
Nueva  York  el  25  de  febrero,  se  hallaba  el  Sr.  H.  L.  Bridgman,  famoso 
explorador  y  escritor.  En  **The  Brooklyn  Standard  Union"  del 
domingo,  P  de  marzo,  se  public6  im  artlculo  de  fondo  intitulado  "La 
America  Latina  Hoy  y  Manana,"  escrito  por  el  Seflor  Bridgman. 
que  contiene  el  siguiente  pArraf o : 

''La  Sociedad  GeogrAfica  Americana,  k  caso  sin  saberlo,  hizo  un 
buen  servicio  ptiblico  al  presentar  al  Senor  Barrett  k  un  auditorio 
newyorquino,  y  ningimo  de  los  que  le  oy6  abriga  duda  alguna  de  que 
sus  palabras  debieran  repetirse  en  muchas  formas  y  en  muchos  lu- 
gares,  y  que  acaso  la  6poca  presente,  con  el  prestigio  de  la  armada 
americana  y  la  cordialidad  intemacional  que  su  triunfante  circun 
navegaci6n  del  continente  ha  despertado,  sea  el  momento  psicol6gico 
para  hacer  dicha  propaganda,  y  que  si  es  verdad  que  son  pocos  los 
auditories  y  muy  contados  los  escenarios,  sin  embargo,  el  poder  de  la 
prensa  puede  invocarse  dignamente  para  que  tome  por  su  cuenta  esta 
cuesti6n.  Una  de  las  partes  m^s  amenas  y  alentadoras  del  discxirso 
del  Sefior  Barrett  fu6  aquella  en  que  le  rind6  im  merecido  homenaje 
al  Secretario  Root,  que  k  juicio  del  orador  es  el  Secretario  de  Es- 
tado  m^s  hkhH  de  nuestra  historia,  y  en  la  que  alude  k  los  beneficiosos 
6  imperecederos  resultados  del  viaje  de  dicho  Secretario  k  la  America 
del  Sur,  xmo  de  cuyos  incidentes  fu6  el  viaje  del  Seftor  Barrett  por 
la^renombrada  Cordillera  de  los  Andes. 


LOS  CURSOS  DE  ESTUDIO  EN  YALE  ACERCA  DE  LA  AMi:RICA  LATINA. 

En  esta  edici6n  del  Boletin  se  publica  \m  resumen  de  lo  que  la 
Universidad  de  Yale  estA  haciendo  para  fomentar  el  estudio  sobre  la 
America  Latina.  Si  otras  universidades  preparan  cursos  de  estudios 
semej antes,  el  Boletin  tendrd.  mucho  gusto  en  mencionarios  &fin  de 
que  tanto  los  estudiantes  de  la  America  del  Norte  como  los  de  la  del 
Sur  puedan  enterarse  de  W  l«Le\\\d«ud^%  ci^ue  se  les  suministran  para 


OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPLUG  AS  AMERICAN  AS.    613 

instruirse  en  la  materia.  No  s61o  la  Universidad  de  Yale,  sino  tam- 
bi6n  la  de  Columbia,  Cornell,  la  de  Wisconsin,  la  de  Ulinios,  la  de 
California  y  la  de  WAshington,  se  proponen  inaugnrar  cursos  de  ins- 
trucci6n  para  el  creciente  ntimero  de  j6venes  que  desean  estudiar  el 
castellano  y  ponerse  al  coniente  de  la  historia  y  el  desarroUo  de 
nuestras  Reptiblicas  hermanas.  Se  espera  que  todos  los  estableci- 
mientos  docentes  superiores  de  este  pafs  sigan  el  ejemplo  de  las  preci- 
tadas  imiversidades  y  colegios,  y  esta  Oficina  tendrA  sumo  gusto  en 
cooperar  con  ellos  en  todo  lo  que  le  sea  posible. 


LOS  CLUBS  Y  COLEGIOS  COSMOPOLITAS. 

Existe  una  orgaiiizaci6n  que  apenas  se  conoce  en  toda  la  America, 
que  esti  llevando  &  cabo  una  obra  excelente  en  los  establecimientos 
docentes  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  en  pro  del  desarrollo  de  vfnculos  de 
amistad  m&s  intimos  entre  los  estudiantes  de  pafses  extranjeros  y  los 
de  los  Estados  Unidos  que  concurren  &  las  mismas  instituciones 
docentes.  Dicha  orgaiiizaci6n  se  denomina,  con  mucha  propiedad, 
el  ''Club  Cosmopolita, "  y  entre  sus  miembros  se  cuentan  no  s61o 
estudiantes  del  extranjero  que  concurren  &  las  instituciones  docentes 
de  los  Estados  Unidos,  sino  tambifin  cierta  proporci6n  de  j6venes  de 
este  tiltimo  pais  que  est&n  muy  interesados  en  los  asimtos  de  los 
palses  extranjeros.  Dicho  club  ha  trabajado  con  6xito  dondequiera 
que  se  ha  organizado,  pero  todavla  esti  en  la  infancia  de  sus  posibili- 
dades.  Toda  influencia  que  rodee  &  los  j6venes  procedentes  de  pafses 
extranjeros  que  vengan  6,  los  Estados  Unidos  y  que  contribuya  &  que 
adquieran  el  mejor  conocimiento  acerca  de  este  pais,  no  puede  dejar 
de  instruir  tanto  &  los  extranjeros  como  &  los  hijds  del  pais  respecto 
de  sus  respectivas  partes  del  mundo.  Es  muy  probable  que  la  igno- 
rancia  entre  los  estudiantes  de  los  Estados  Unidos  acerca  de  la  Ame- 
rica Latina  sea  mayor  que  entre  los  estudiantes  procedentes  de  la 
America  Latina  acerca  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  y  por  consecuencia, 
los  beneficios  que  han  de  derivarse  del  establecimiento  de  este  club 
resultan  evidentes.  La  Oficina  Intemacional  hace  sinceros  votos 
por  la  prosperidad  de  dicho  club  y  desea  que  adquiera  un  gran  ntimero 
de  socios.  En  esta  edici6n  del  BoletIn  se  publica  ima  relaci6n 
enviada  k  esta  Oficina  por  uno  de  los  funcionarios  de  dicho  club,  y 
en  la  cual  se  describen  su  organizaci6n  y  el  fin  con  que  ha  sido 
creado. 


EL   CONGRESO    CIENTIfICO    PAN- AMERICANO. 

El  17  de  febrero  el  Consejo  Directivo  de  la  Oficina  Intemacioi 
celebr6  una  reuni6n  importante  pero  informal,  para  toi  ^ 

sideraci6n  el  programa  del  Congreso  CientVi^eo  "^wi-i^       a 


614    OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN- AS. 

se  ha  de  reimir  en  Santiago,  Chile,  en  diciembre  de  este  afio.  Adem&s 
de  los  miembros  del  Consejo  Directive,  hallfi,banse  presentes  el  Hon. 
Robert  Bacon,  Subsecretario  de  Estado,  que  hizo  de  presidente,  y 
el  Prof.  L.  S.  Rowe,  de  la  Universidad  de  Pensilvania,  que  fu6  nom- 
brado  miembro  de  la  coinisi6n  de  los  Estados  Unidos  por  los  funcio- 
narios  que  en  Chile  estaban  encargados  del  Congreso. 


LA    AMERICA   LATINA   EN   FILADELFIA. 

El  20  de  marzo  se  celebr6  una  reuni6n  muy  interesante  en  Fila- 
delfia,  bajo  los  auspicios  de  la  Academia  Americana  de  Ciencia  Po- 
litica  y  Social,  presidida  por  el  Director  de  la  Oficina  Intemacional, 
&  la  cual  concumeron  varios  representantes  diplom&ticos  de  la  Ame- 
rica Latina.  El  rasgo  principal  de  dicha  reuni6n  fu6  el  importante  y 
erudito  discurso  que  pronunci6  el  Prof.  L.  S.  Rowe,  que  trabaja 
con  tanta  fidelidad  y  6xito  por  fomentar  relaciones  m&s  fntimas, 
sobre  todo  desde  el  punto  de  vista  intelectual  y  de  educaci6n,  entre 
los  Estados  Unidos  y  sus  Reptiblicas  hermanas. 


UNA  NUEVA  REVISTA  CONSAGRADA  A  LOS  ASUNTOS  LATINO  AMERICANOS. 

La  redaccidn  de  la  revista  intitulada  "The  World  To-Day,"  que 
es  una  de  las  revistas  principales  de  este  pais,  merece  ser  felicitada 
por  su  proyecto  de  publicar  una  edici6n  espafiola  con  el  titulo  de 
*'E1  Mundo  de  Hoy,''  que  tiene  por  objeto  obtener  una  gran  circula- 
ci6n  en  todos  los  ^mbitos  de  los  palses  latinoamericanos.  A  esta 
oficina  se  le  ha  informado  que  los  directores  de  dicha  revista  est4n 
haciendo  grandes  preparativos,  fi,  fin  de  que  esta  iniciativa  por  su 
parte  no  fracase,  como  han  fracasado  muchas  que  ya  se  han  hecho  y 
que  no  fueron  objeto  de  la  debida  consideraci6n.  Hasta  ahora  el 
gran  inconveniente  ha  consistido  en  que  la  compaflia  que  publicaba 
una  revista  no  tenia  la  experiencia  ni  el  capital  suficiente,  6  no 
conocla  la  Indole  del  pueblo  latinoamericano  ni  la  clase  de  lectura 
y  las  condiciones  que  6ste  prefiere,  tratdndose  de  una  revista  de  esta 
clase.  Si  el  programa  que  "The  World  To-Day''  anuncia  en  su  pros- 
pecto  se  lleva  &  cabo,  sus  iniciadores  merecen  que  el  6xito  corone 
sus  esfuerzos. 


EL  ARTfcULO   ESCRITO   POR   EL  SENOR  CREELMAX   ACERCA   DEL  PRESI- 
DENTE  DfAZ. 

Entre  los  muchos  artlculos  que  se  han  escrito  acerca  del  General 
DfAZ,  Presidente  de  Mfexieo,  e\  c\vie  ha  publicado  el  Sr.  James 
Creelman  en  la  edici6n  de  maT7.o  ^ei\«LT^NA%V^\T\X:\\>:\^^^"^^wson's 


OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS.    615 

Magazine/'  sobresale  de  una  manera  muy  notable  como  la  mejor 
semblanza  que  acaso  se  |ha  escrito  de  este  gran  estadista  por  una 
autoridad  competente.  Este  trabajo  es  un  retrato  k  pluma  del 
Presidente  de  M6xico,  y  el  que  lo  lea  tendrfi,  una  idea  exacta  de  la 
personalidad  del  Greneral  DIa^z  y  podrfi,  apreciar  cumplidamente  lo 
que  ha  hecho  por  su  pais. 

El  Seflor  Creelman  ha  tenido  una  gran  pr&ctica  en  la  materia^ 
puesto  que  ha  celebrado  entrevistas  con  los  grandes  personajes  del 
mundo,  y  ha  retratado  sus  rasgos  caracteristicos  de  manera  que  el 
mundo  entero  llega  k  conocerles,  y  lo  que  escribe  respecto  del  General 
DfAZ  no  puede  ser  m&s  interesante.  La  opini6n  que  Sefior  Creelman 
tiene  de  la  obra  del  General  DfAZ  como  regenerador  de  una  naci6n^ 
y  el  puesto  que  debe  ocupar  en  la  historia,  asl  como  el  detenido 
an&lisis  que  hace  de  la  personalidad  de  Df  az,  convencen  al  lector  de 
que  la  semblanza  de  que  se  trata  es  verldica  y  estk  hdbilmente 
escrita. 


banquete  de  despeoida  al  senor  pulido.    ^ 

Antes  de  volver  k  su  pals,  el  Selior  Don  Augusto  F.  Puluk),  por 
muchos  afios  al  servicio  diplomfi,tico  de  Venezuela  en  Washington^ 
fu6  objeto  de  una  espl6ndida  manifestaci6n  por  parte  de  los  miembros 
del  "Metropolitan  Club/'  de  esta  ciudad,  que  representa  lo  m4s 
selecto  en  los  clrculos  sociales,  diplom&ticos,  bancarios  y  pollticos  de 
los  Estados  Unidos. 

En  el  banquete  de  despedida  que  se  di6  en  honor  del  Seflor  Pulido, 
se  le  present6  una  hermosa  copa  de  plata,  con  una  dedicatoria  apro- 
piada  y  facsimiles  de  las  firmas  de  los  ochenta  miembros  del  Club 
que  contribuyeron  k  la  demostraci6n  de  aprecio  por  el  Seflor  Pulido. 

VIAJE   CIRCULAR   DE   LA   AMERICA   DEL   8UR. 

Una  prueba  del  creciente  interfis  que  se  advierte  eiitre  los  viajeros 
que  van  &  la  America  del  Sur  la  constituye  una  circular  que  acaban 
de  publicar  Busk  y  Jevons,  agentes  generales  de  la  CompafLla  de 
Vapores  de  Lamport  y  Holt,  la  cual  circular  se  intitula  ^'Viaje  Cir- 
cular Especial  de  la  Amfirica  del  Sur,  de  Nueva  York  k  Bahla,  de 
Bahia  k  Klo  de  Janeiro,  de  Klo  de  Janeiro  k  Santos,  de  Santos  k  Mon- 
tevideo, de  Montevideo  k  Buenos  Aires,  y  de  Buenos  Aires  k  trav& 
de  los  Andes  por  ferrocarril  hasta  Valparaiso,  de  Valparaiso  por  vapor 
k  Panamfi,,  fi,'trav6s  del  Istmo  hasta  Col6n,  y  desde  alll  k  Nueva 
York,  6  vice-versa. 

Se  dice  que  este  extenso  viaje  puede  hacerse  con  la  suma  relativa- 
mente  pequefla  de  $475,  incluyendo  las  comidas  y  camarotes  en  los 
vapores  y  pasaje  de  primera  clase  en  los  ferrocarriles.     En  le.  ^Vtvossw 
edici6n  del  BoletIn  se  publicaron  fotograti«ka  die^  wxio  dLfc\Q!s»  \s>c\ftr^^'^ 


616    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL,  DE   LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS. 

vapores  de  esta  llnea,  que  salen  una  vez  al  mes  para  MonteTideo  y 
Buenos  Aires,  via  Kio  de  Janeiro.  Hacen  la  travesia  d.  Rio  de  Janeiro 
en  dieciseis  dias  y  k  Buenos  Aires  en  veinticuatro  dlas. 


LAS   RUTAS   COMERCL^LES   DE   LA   AMERICA   DEL   SUB. 

En  una  edici6n  reciente  de  la  Revista  de  Dunn,  se  public6  un  arti- 
culo  muy  interesante,  escrito  por  el  Prof.  J.  Russell  Smith,  relativo 
k  las  rutas  comerciales  de  la  America  del  Sur  proporcionadas  por  las 
vlas  fluviales  en  conexi6n  con  las  llneas  de  ferrocaml.  En  vista  de 
las  muchas  preguntas  que  se  le  hacen  k  esta  Oficina  sobre  este  parti- 
cular, se  ha  juzgado  conveniente  reproducir  algunos  extractos  de  este 
artlculo  en  este  ntimero  del  BoLExfN. 


PROGRESO  ARGENTINO  EN  1907. 

Los  informes  oficiales  que  llegan  de  la  Repiiblica  Argentina  y  que 
comprenden  el  ano  de  1907,  indican  la  continuaci6n  de  las  condiciones 
de  prosperidad  que  predominaron  en  1906  en  todos  los  &nibitos  del 
pals.  Las  cifras  que  se  refieren  al  comercio  extranjero  arrojan  un 
aumento  de  cerca  de  $20,000,000  en  el  valor  de  dicho  comercio,  i 
indican,  asimismo,  que  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  dicha  Repti- 
blica  excedid  en  m&s  de  $10,000,000  al  de  las  importaciones.  La 
estadlstica  de  inmigraci6n  anuncia  la  llegada  de  329,122  inmigrantes: 
las  transacciones  bancarias  muestran  una  mejora  respecto  de  las  que 
se  citaron  el  30  de  junio  de  1907,  puesto  que  el  balance  del  Banco 
de  la  Naci6n  Argentina  indica  un  estado  sumamente  satisfactorio. 
En  la  actualidad  el  expresado  banco  tiene  104  sucursales  en  todo  el 
pals,  con  probabilidades  de  aumentar  el  numero  de  fetas  en  el  comente 
ano.  En  la  capital  las  operaciones  que  se  hicieron  para  construc- 
ciones  de  edificios  en  general  durante  el  ano,  representaron  un  valor 
de  $79,033,833  en  papel  moneda,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  m&s  de  $20,- 
000,000  en  comparaci6n  con  1906,  en  tanto  que  la  renta  de  aduana 
de  Buenos  Aires  mostr6  un  aumento  de  $943,882  en  oro.  Dlcese  que 
la  cosecha  de  trigo  y  de  linaza  compensan  la  merma  relativa  de  la 
producci6n  de  malz,  y  que  los  ferrocarriles  han  hecho  los  debidoe 
preparativos  para  el  transporte  de  dichos  productos. 


EL   COMERCIO   Y   LAS    INDUSTRIAS   DE   BOLIVIA. 

Se  llama  la  atenci6n  hacia  la  diferencia  que  se  anota  en  esta  edici6n 
del  BoLExfN,  entre  las  cifras  de  Bolivia  y  los  Estados  Unidos,  que  se 
iian  publicado  acerca  deV  comeTcivo  exAx^Xo^  do"^  Raises.     Por  ejemplo. 


OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL.  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS.    617 

en  el  valor  de  la  lista  de  exportaciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos  corres- 
pondiente  k  1907,  Bolivia  s61o  representa  $1,502,622,  al  paso  que 
los  informes  consulares  de  los  embarques  que  se  hicieron  de  Nueva 
York  y  de  San  Francisco,  expresan  que  el  valor  ascendid  k  $2,852,460. 
La  explicaci6n  se  encuentra,  sin  duda,  en  el  hecho  de  que  una  gran 
cantidad  de  las  mercancias  cuyo  destino  final  es  Bolivia,  se  embarca 
por  puertos  chilenos,  peruanos  y  brasilefios. 

El  importante  informe  que  expidi6  el  Departamento  de  Coloniza- 
ci6n  y  Agricultura  en  agosto  de  1907,  constituye  la  base  de  muchos 
datos  relativos  k  la  Keptiblica,  segtin  se  ban  traducido  para  su  pu- 
blicaci6n. 


protecci6n  arancelaria  de  las  industrl^s  fabriles  del  brasil. 

En  relaci6n  con  la  proyectada  revisi6n  del  arancel  de  aduanas  del 
Brasil,  se  ha  preparado  una  lista  oficial  de  las  industrias  fabriles  que 
est&n  en  operaci6n  en  toda  la  Reptiblica,  como  una  base  para  formar 
una  lista  proteccionista  de  precios.  El  total  del  capital  invertido  en 
ffi-bricas  se  calcula  en  $163,349,000,  que  representan  los  intereses  de 
2,397  establecimientos.  La  producci6n  de  tejidos  aumenta  con 
rapidez,  lo  cual  explica  el  hecho  de  que  se  advierte  una  baja  en  los 
ingresos  de  varios  paises  exportadores,  y  ademfi,s  el  Gobiemo  explota 
la  nueva  fibra  de  Perini  con  el  fin  de  introducir  un  rival  del  algod6n 
en  el  comercio  brasilefio. 

El  cultivo  y  las  exportaciones  de  caf6,  con  arreglo  al  nuevo  sistema 
de  valorizaci6n,  muestran  un  aumento  de  valor,  y  en  1907  se  obtuvo 
un  aumento  de  mfis  de  $100,000,000,  y  de  mfis  de  1,000,000  de  sacos, 
en  comparaci6n  con  el  afio  anterior.  En  el  aflo  de  referencia,  los 
Estados  Unidos  consumieron  77.3.4  por  ciento  del  caf6  brasilefio,  6 
sean  727,187,465  libras,  de  un  total  de  940,247,312  libras  k  que 
ascendi6  el  consumo  de  los  Estados  Unidos. 


EL  INFORME  DE  COSTA  RICA  SOBRE  LA  CONFERENCIA  DE  PAZ  CENTRO- 

AMERICANA. 

La  aprobaci6n  y  ratificaci6n,  por  el  Gobiemo  de  Costa  Rica,  de  los 
varios  tratados  y  convenciones  que  fueron  firmados  en  el  Conferencia 
de  Paz  Centro-Americana  que  se  celebr6  en  Wellington  en  el  61timo 
mes  de  1907,  hace  que  resulte  especialmente  interesante  la  relacidn 
presentada  al  Congreso  Nacional  por  el  Sr.  Don  Luis  Anderson,  Se- 
cretario  de  Relaciones  Exteriores  de  la  Reptiblica  y  Presidente  de 
dicha  Conferencia.  Dicha  relaci6n  se  reproduce  por  considerarse 
valiosa  y  pertinente. 


618    OFICINA   INTERN  ACIONAIi  DE   LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS. 
LA   RENTA   Y   EL   DESARROLLO   CUBANOS. 

La  renta  cubana  que  se  cobr6  en  1907  ascendid  &  $29,118,827, 
recaudada  mayormente  en  el  puerto  de  la  Habana.  Esta  relaci6n 
resulta  interesante.en  conexi6n  con  el  plan  que  se  proniulg6  reciente- 
mente  para  llevar  &  cabo  el  pavimento  y  alcantarillado  de  la  ciudad 
de  la  Habana,  cuyo  costo  se  ha  de  pagar  con  un  10  por  ciento  de  la 
renta  de  aduana  de  dicho  puerto.  Se  ban  de  necesitar  seis  anos  para 
completar  la  obra,  y  se  calcula  que  el  10  por  ciento  de  los  ingresos  que 
se  ban  de  obtener  durante  dicho  perlodo  ascenderdn  d  $12,000,000. 
El  28  de  febrero  de  1908  se  declararon  vigentes  varias  modificaciones 
del  arancel  de  aduana  de  la  Republica,  que  comprenden  principal- 
menta  la  maquinaria  y  aparatos  para  la  industria  azucarera  y  otras 
an&logas. 


IMPORTANTE  TRATADO  CELEBRADO  ENTRE  COLOMBIA  Y  EL  ECUAIX)R. 

El  hecho  de  haberse  firmado  un  Tratado  de  Amistad,  Comercio  y 
Navegaci6n  por  los  Gobiemos  de  Colombia  y  Ecuador,  y  el  canje  de 
ratificaciones  del  mismo  el  24  de  octubre  de  1907,  indican  una  era 
importante  en  el  desarroUo  de  ambas  ReptibUcas.  La  colonia  colom- 
biana  en  el  Ecuador  asciende  &  mds  de  40,000  almas,  y  el  tratado  de 
referencia  abraza  todas  las  cuestiones  de  derecho  intemacional  que 
pudieran  surgir  entre  palses  que  est&n  tan  intimamente  ligados  per 
vlnculos  naturales. 


EL  DESARROLLO  DE   LA   COMUNICACl6NEa  EN   CHILE. 

El  Gobiemo  Chileno  est&  consagrando  especial  aterici6n  al  impor- 
tante ramo  de  los  medios  de  comunicaci6n  publica,  como  lo  demues- 
tra  el  decreto  que  fu6  promulgado  en  enero  de  1908,  que  prescribe 
la  construcci6n  de  un  ferrocarril  longitudinal  cuyo  costo  ascender^  4 
$37,000,000,  y  la  asignaci6n  de  $15,500,000  para  emplearse  en  lineas 
del  Gobiemo  durante  el  aiio.  El  P  de  julio  de  1907,  de  los  927,639 
kil6metros  de  ferrocarriles  que  las  autoridades  nacionales  habfan  pro- 
yectado  construir,  la  Oficina  de  Obras  Piiblicas  habia  trazado  707,233 
kil6metros.  En  id6ntica  proporci6n  se  fomenta  el  desarrollo  del  ser- 
vicio  de  la  marina  mercante,  y  en  la  actuaUdad  entre  los  paises  de  la 
America  del  Sur,  el  Brasil  es  el  linico  que  tiene  un  tonelaje  mayor  que 
el  de  los  buques  chilenos,  que  representan  un  tonelaje  total  de  156,316 
toneladas. 


EL  COMERCIO  Y  LAS  CONDICIONES  NACIONALES  DEL  ECUADOR. 

En  1 907  el  valor  de  los  productos  naturales  del  Ecuador,  tales  como 
cacao  J  goma,  sombreros,  elc,  «LV\TcveivVti  et^\o^TftftTcados  del  mundo, 


OFICINA  INTEBNACIOKAL.  DB  LAS  REPUBIilOAS  AMEMCAKAS.    619 

lo  cual  mejord  las  condiciones  comerciales,  y  la  extensi6n  del  ferro- 
carril  de  Puerto  Bolivar  y  Machala  hasta  los  distritos  de  cacao,  ha 
contribuido  &  que  resulte  m&s  Mcil  el  transporte  de  dicho  producto  & 
los  puertos  de  mar.  El  ferrocarril  de  Guayaquil  y  Quito,  cuyo  con- 
trato  con  el  Gobiemo  lo  est&  discutiendo  una  junta  arbitral,  ha  sido 
objeto  de  undecreto  del  Ejecutivo  por  virtud  del  cual  el  pago  de  los 
cupones  semianuales  del  2  de  enero  y  2  de  julio  de  1908,  y  del  2  de 
enero  de  1909,  se  ha  de  efectuar  median te  una  nueva  emisidn  de  bonos 
cuyos  fondos  se  garantizar&n  con  la  renta  de  la  sal  de  la  Reptiblica. 
En  1906-7  este  producto  se  embarc6  con  utilidad  &  los  puertos  de 
Colombia. 


UN    INFORME   FRANCES    SOBRE   LAS   CONDICIONES   EXISTENTES   EN 

GUATEMALA. 

El  informe  que  el  Encargado  de  Negocios  francos  en  Guatemala  ha 
hecho  relativo  &  las  condiciones  actuales  en  dicha  Reptiblica,  por  mis 
que  se  refiere  &  un  periodo  que  s61o  alcanza  &  1906,  sin  embargo, 
contiene  los  tiltimos  detaUes  que  ha  sido  posible  obtener  en  cuanto  & 
las  relaciones  comerciales  entre  dicha  Reptiblica  y  los  varios  palses 
del  mundo.  Por  consiguiente,  dichos  datos  se  reproducen  traducidos 
casi  en  su  totahdad.  En  ellos  se  muestra  que,  por  m&s  que  los  Estados 
Unidos  suministraron  la  mitad  de  los  artlcidos  que  Guatemala 
import6,  Alemania  le  supera  con  mucho  como  pals  comprador  de 
productos  guatemaltecos.  Las  cifras  citadas  se  diferencian  un  tanto 
de  las  que  public6  la  Oficina  de  Estadlstica  de  los  Estados  Unidos, 
que  anuncia  im  importante  aumento  en  las  importaciones  que  se 
hicieron  de  Guatemala  en  1907. 


LAS   CONDICIONES   FINANCIERAS   MEXICANAS. 

A  fines  de  1907  el  estado  de  los  34  bancos  legalmente  establecidos 
en  Mexico  era  sumamente  satisfactorio,  y  &  lo  que  parece,  la  crisis 
financiera  que  prevaleci6  durante  todo  el  afio,  no  los  afect6  mucho. 
El  documento  que  recientemente  pubUc6  el  SefLor  Limantour, 
Secretario  de  Hacienda,  relativo  &  las  finanzas  mexicanas,  ha  llamado 
mucho  la  atenci6n,  y  la  terminaci6n  de  las  negociacioncs  de  combi- 
naci6n  de  los  ferrocarriles  entre  el  Gobiemo  y  los  cuatro  bancos  inter- 
nacionales  de  la  ciudad  de  Xueva  York,  en  conexi6n  con  dos  casas  de 
Londr^s,  han  de  ejercer  mucha  influencia  en  la  situaci6n  financiera. 
Se  anuncia  un  aumento  en  la  renta  de  aduana  en  el  tiltimo  periodo, 
que  comprende  siete  meses  del  aiio  de  1907-8,  en  tanto  que  se  ha 
obtenido  un  aumento  de  m4s  de  $14,000,000  en  el  veiox  di^  ^ysrsMBt^^^ 
33228— BuiJ.  S—08 10 


620    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BBPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

en  los  cinco  primeros  meses  del  presente  afLo  econdmico,  en  com- 
paraci6n  con  el  periodo  correspondiente  de  1906-7.  Los  infonnes 
consnlares  acerca  de  varias  industiias  del  pais  tambi6n  indican  una 
perspectiva  econdmica  favorable,  en  tanto  que  los  datos  estadlsticos 
relativos  al  comercio  exterior  durante  el  primer  semestre  de  1907-8 
acusan  un  aumento  de  $4,800,000  oro  en  las  exportaciones,  y  de 
$7,600,000  oro  en  las  importaciones. 


CONCESIONES   Y   MEJORAS   EN   NICARAGUA. 

El  Presidente  de  Nicaragua  ha  decretado  \m  aumento  en  la  emisidn 
de  bonos  de  exportaci6n  para  hacer  frente  al  servicio  6  pago  de  la 
deuda  extranjera.  La  suma  original  era  de  $75,000,  y  en  la  actuali- 
dad  se  ha  aumentado  hasta  $400,000.  En  1907  se  cumplieron 
pimtualmente  las  obligaciones  de  la  deuda,  y  las  mejoras  generales 
que  se  inauguraron  por  medio  de  concesiones  para  Uevar  k  cabo  la 
explotaci6n  de  los  productos  naturales  indican  la  continuaci6n  de 
este  estado  satisfactorio  en  el  corriente  afio.  Se  ha  celebrado  un 
contrato  para  la  construcci6n  de  \m  ferrocarril  que  se  extender^ 
desde  San  Juan  del  Sur,  por  la  costa  del  Paclfico,  hasta  el  interior 
de  la  Rep6blica;  la  bahia  del  Rio  Grande  se  ha  de  dragar  y  se  mejo- 
rar&n  los  medios  de  navegacidn,  en  tanto  que  se  han  hecho  conce- 
siones para  la  explotaci6n  de  minerales  y  de  gutapercha,  por  virtud 
de  las  cuales  se  aumentarto  grandemente  los  ingresos  del  Gobiemo. 


COMERCIO    EXTRANJERO   DE   PANAMA   EN    1907. 

El  valor  total  del  comercio  extranjero  de  la  Rep6blica  de  Panami 
en  1907  ascendi6  k  $19,165,648.69,  segun  el  informe  que  ha  hecho  el 
Departamento  del  Tesoro  de  dicho  Gobiemo.  En  la  list  a  de  importa- 
ciones los  Estados  Unidos  representan  un  valor  de  $5,196,964.38,  de 
im  total  de  $17,204,983.77,  sin  inclulr  $7,640,533.86,  que  representan 
las  importaciones  que  se  hicieron  do  Nueva  York  &  la  Zona  del  Canal, 
las  cuales  no  pagaron  derechos.  Durante  el  expresado  ano  la  esta- 
dlstica  de  los  Estados  Unidos  muestra  que  el  valor  de  los  embarques 
que  se  hicieron  k  Panama,  ascendio  k  $18,665,323. 

El  valor  de  todas  las  exportaciones  ascendi6  k  $1,960,664.92,  mo&- 
trtodose  asf  mi  aumento  de  $842,543.92.  Los  Estados  Unidos  son 
pr4cticamente  los  linicos  que  reciben  productos  de  Panam&. 


EStImULO  del   CONTACTO   INTERNACIONAL   MEDIANTE   LA  EDUCA- 

CION. 

Que  la  propaganda  establecida  por  el  Sefior  Kellogg,  Consul  de 
7os  Estados  Unidos  en  CoV&iv,  e\i  ^to  ^^  W  conocimientos  de  los 


OFICINA  INTEBNAGIONAI.  D£  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBIGANAS.    621 

habitantes  de  Panam&  acerca  del  pals  que  61  representa  estA  dando 
buenos  resultados,  lo  demuestra  las  fotografias — que  se  reproducen 
en  esta  edici6n  del  BoletIn — de  los  que  obtuvieron  los  premios  que 
el  Sefior  Kellogg  ofreci6  en  las  escuelas  del  pais  por  la  mejor  diserta- 
ci6n  sobre  los  Estados  Unidos.  El  C6nsul  Kellogg  anuncia  que 
esta  oposici6n  ha  estimulado  mucho  el  estudio  del  ingles  y  de  las 
instituciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  y  considera  esta  ensefianza.como 
la  tinica  base  verdadera  sobre  la  cual  deben  descansar  las  relaciones 
sociales  y  comerciales  entre  los  dos  palses  interesados. 


AUMENTO  DE   LA   RENTA  DE  ADUANA  Y  DESARROLLO  FERROVLARIO  EN 

EL  PERtl. 

MoUendo,  que  es  el  segimdo  puerto  de  entrada  del  Perti,  en  los 
cuatro  tiltimos  afios  anuncia  un  aumento  constanto  en  la  renta  de 
aduana  que  hasta  1904  s61o  habla  llegado  &  $675,000,  en  tanto  que 
en  1907  ascendi6  &  $900,000,  al  paso  que  el  Callao  en  el  primer  semes- 
tre  de  dicho  afio  cobr6  m&s  de  $1,500,000,  lo  cual  arroja  un  total  de 
m&s  de  $3,000,000.  El  Sr.  Charles  M.  Pepper,  en  un  valioso  in- 
forme  que  ha  hecho  sobre  la  construcci6n  de  ferrocarriles  en  dicha 
Keptiblica,  dice  que  el  tesoro  del  Perti  ha  mane j  ado  sus  recursos  en 
cuanto  k  la  construcci6n  de  ferrocarriles  con  gran  prudencia,  y  que  se 
han  hecho  amplias  asignaciones  para  hacer  frente  &  todas  las  obliga- 
ciones  contraidas  para  completar  tanto  las  prolongaciones  que  ya 
est&n  en  vlas  de  construcci6n  como  las  que  el  Congreso  ha  autorizado. 


EL  COMERCIO  Y  LOS  RECURSOS  DEL  SALVADOR. 

En  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907  el  valor  total  de  las  expor- 
taciones  que  se  hicieron  del  Salvador  ascendi6  aproximadamente  & 
$6,000,000,  de  los  cuales  los  Estados  Unidos  compraron  k  dicha  Re- 
ptibHca  productos  por  valor  de  $1,592,473  en  dicho  afio.  Las  cifras 
del  Salvador  parecen  indicar  que  se  hicieron  mayores  embarques 
durante  todo  el  afio  k  los  Estados  Unidos,  puesto  que  el  valor  de  las 
exportaciones  que  se  hicieron  k  este  liltimo  pals  en  los  nueve  meses  se 
calcul6  en  mfi.s  de  $2,000,000. 

Durante  el  afio  de  referencia,  la  renta  derivada  de  los  servicios 
de  tel6grafo  y  telfifono  del  pais  muestra  un  aumento  de  laks  $1,000, 
en  tanto  que  im  importante  documento  que  ha  proporcionado  el 
Sr.  Ernest  Schernikow,  C6nsid  del  Salvador  en  Nueva  York,  indica 
el  estado  floreciente  de  la  industria  minera  y  los  espl^ndidos  residta- 
dos  que  se  han  obtenido  en  estos  tiltimos  afios. 


622    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMESIGAKAS. 
LAS  FINANZAS   Y   EL  PROGRESO  ECOn6mICO   DEL  UBUGUAT. 

En  el  a£Lo  econ6mico  de  1907  se  anunci6  un  sobrante  de  mAs  de 
$2,000,000  en  el  Tesoro  de  la  Keptiblica  del  Uruguay,  en  tanto  que  las 
rentas  que  se  recaudaron  en  ese  mismo  ano  muestran  un  aumento 
de  cerca  de  $6,000,000,  respecto  de  1906.  For  m4s  que  la  renta  de 
aduana  del  afio  comtln  no  indica  un  aumento  tan  grande  como  el  que 
se  obtuvo  en  los  dos  afios  anteriores,  el  total  constituye  una  suma  sin 
precedente  desde  1894,  por  cuanto  excede  de  $13,000,000.  El  page 
de  la  deuda  del  pais  se  hizo  con  prontitud  durante  todo  el  aflo. 


NUEVA   LEY  ARANCELARIA   DE    VENEZUELA. 

El  dla  13  de  enero  de  1908,  se  promulg6  y  declaro  vigente  en  la 
"Gaceta  Oficial''  de  la  Repiiblica  una  nueva  ley  arancelaria  de  Ve- 
nezuela. 


LA  APROBACION  de  LAS  CONVENCIONES  DE  LA 
CONFERENCIA  DE  PAZ  CENTRO-AMERICANA. 

Al  Departamento  de  Estado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  se  le  ha  anun- 
ciado  la  aprobaci6n — por  los  varios  cuerpos  legislativos  de  los  Grobier- 
nos  Centro-Americanos — de  las  convenciones  acordadas  en  la  Con- 
ferencia  de  Paz  que  se  celebr6  en  W&shington  en  el  mes  de  diciembre 
de  1907,  en  las  siguientes  fechas: 

Nicaragua,  febrero  15  de  1908;  Costa  Kica,  febrero  25  de  1908; 
Salvador,  febrero  27  de  1908;  Honduras,  marzo  3  de  1908;  Guate- 
mala, marzo  13  de  1908. 


LOS  TRABAJOS  DE  LA  ASOCIACION  NACIOXAL  DE 

FABRICANTES. 

La  Asociaci6n  Nacional  de  Fabricantes  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
de  Am6rica,  al  hacerle  una  relaci6n  d  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las 
Republicas  Americanas,  en  cuanto  al  alcance  de  sus  trabajos,  anuncia 
que  de  las  25,000  cartas  y  documentos  que  dicha  asociaci6n  ha 
traducido  en  el  curso  del  ano,  como  dos  quintas  partes  6  10,000  de 
ellos,  eran  de  origen  espailol  6  traducidos  de  dicho  idioma. 

Una  gran  proporci6n  de  los  7,000  informes  que  se  distribuyen 
anualmente  sobre  casas  de  comercio  extranjeras,  se  relacionan  con 
razones  sociales  en  los  paises  latinoamericanos,  al  paso  que  todos 
los  ramos  del  comercio  intemacional  se  estimulan  por  medio  de  una 
extenssL  correspondencia  que  se  sostiene  con  todas  las  partes  del 
globo. 


LOS    CCTBSOS    EN    LA    UNIVERSIDAD    DE    YALE.  623 

Un  medio  eficaz  de  ayudar  &  todas  las  clases  de  hombres  de  nego- 
cios  consiste  en  distribulr  el  "American  Trade  Index''  (Indice  del 
Comercio  Americano)  del  cual  se  lira  una  edici6n  anual  de  12,000 
ejemplares,  de  los  cuales  se  distribuyen  8,000  en  el  extranjero. 


LA  ASOCIACION  de  CLUBS  COSMOPOLITAS. 

La  Universidad  de  Wisconsin,  como  asiento  de  la  sucursal  ejecu- 
tiva  de  la  Asociaci6n  de  Clubs  Cosmopolitas,  se  ha  puesto  en  comuni- 
caci6n  con  m&s  de  veinte  colegios  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  con  el  fin 
de  despertar  un  inter6s  mucho  mayor  en  dicha  organizaci6n. 

Esta  iniciativa  se  encamina  &  organizar  clubs  cosmopolitas  en 
todos  los  colegios  de  todos  los  paises  donde  haya  estudiantes  extran- 
jeros,  para  formar  el  niicleo  de  dicho  club;  imir  &  dicha  asociaci6n 
los  clubs  de  Indole  cosmopoUta  que  ya  se  hayan  formado;  cultivar 
el  arte  de  la  paz  y  establecer  poderosas  relaciones  de  amistad  inter- 
nacionales. 

El  primer  club  de  esta  clase  fu6  organizado  en  la  Universidad  de 
Michigan  en  1903,  gracias  &  la  iniciativa  de  18  estudiantes  extran- 
jeros,  y  desde  esa  6poca  el  ntimero  de  sus  miembros  ha  ascendido 
&  80,  habiendo  ejercido  su  influencia  para  establecer  permanente- 
mente  dichos  clubs,  que  est&n  llamados  &  constitulr  una  potencia 
en  la  vida  estudiantil. 

Junto  con  las  otras  siete  universidades  que  se  han  asociado  &  esta 
inciativa,  la  Universidad  de  Wisconsin  celebr6  su  primera  convenci6n 
anual  en  diciembre  de  1907,  fecha  en  que  se  acord6  hacer  ima  propa- 
ganda general  con  el  fin  de  establecer  relaciones  m&s  intimas  entre 
los  clubs  en  todos  los  paises,  por  medio  de  una  correspondencia  pro- 
vechosa  y  un  canje  de  publicaciones. 

Ya  se  ha  comenzado  la  comunicaci6n  sobre  este  asunto  con  las 
universidades  del  Canada,  la  de  Oxford  de  Inglaterra,  la  de  Bonn  y 
Beriln  de  Alemania,  y  la  Universidad  de  Paris,  asi  como  los  princi- 
pales  colegios  y  universidades  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  En  la  ac- 
tuaUdad  hay  clubs  cosmopolitas  en  Europa  y  en  la  America  del  Sur, 
cuya  incorporaci6n  en  la  asociaci6n  de  clubs  cosmopoUtas  daria  im 
gran  impulso  k  la  causa  de  la  cordialidad  intemacional  cuyo  61timo 
residtado  seria  probablemente  la  celebraci6n  de  convenciones  conti- 
nentales  en  diferentes  regiones  del  mundo. 

LOS  CURSOS  EN  LA  UNIVERSIDAD  DE  YALE 
SOBRE  LA  AMERICA  DEL  SUR. 

La  Universidad  de  Yale,  establecida  en  New  Haven,  Estado  de 
Connecticut,  le  ha  proporcionado  k  la  Oficina  Intemacional  dft  laa 
Reptiblicas  Americanas  una  interesante  Te\aci\6TL  «Jc«^Q»i  ftL^Vaj^"^ 


624    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL   DE   LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICAl^^AS. 

cursos  que  se  siguen  en  dicha  Universidad  que  se  relacionan  directa 
6  indirectamente  con  los  asuntos  sudamericanos. 

Se  considera  muy  conveniente  no  s6lo  desde  el  punto  de  vista  de 
los  estudiantes  sudamericanos,  sino  tambi6n  desde  el  punto  de  vista 
de  los  norteamericanos,  que  al  elemento  extranjero  de  la  Universidad 
se  le  agregue  un  grupo  de  latinoamericanos.  Recientemente  dicho 
establecimiento  docente  adquirid — por  medio  de  ima  d&diva — dos 
importantes  bibliotecas  sobre  asuntos  sudamericanos,  &  saber:  La 
de  Wagner  y  la  de  Bingham,  al  paso  que  el  Museo  Hisptoico  de  la 
Ciudad  de  Nueva  York  le  ha  ofrecido  k  los  estudiantes  que  est&n  m&s 
avanzados  en  sus  estudios  el  derecho  de  usar  su  bibloteca  y  colecci6n 
de  obras.  El  Club  Hisptoico  de  Yale  sostiene  discusiones  sobre  la 
historia,  comercio,  literatura  y  otros  temas  sudamericanos,  en  las 
reimiones  que  celebra,  al  paso  que  prominentes  eruditos  dan  con- 
ferencias  durante  todo  el  afio  sobre  asuntos  hispanos. 

Los  cursos  mfis  importantes  que  se  han  propuesto  sobre  los  asuntos 
de  referenda  se  han  agrupado  de  la  manera  siguiente: 

Curso  elemental  de  espaiiol ;  prosa  espafiola  de  los  siglos  d^cinaosexto 
y  d6cimos6ptimo,  resena  general  de  la  literatura  espafiola ;  principio  de 
la  literatura  espafiola;  la  literatura  portuguesa;  curso  elemental 
de  portugu6s  en  la  escuela  para  el  sendcio  comercial  y  consular ;  lectura 
y  composici6n  en  espafiol;  el  drama  espafiol  en  los  siglos  d^cinciosexto 
y  d6cimos6ptimo  un  curso  elemental  de  espafiol ;  estudios  mayores  del 
espafiol  para  los  estudiantes  de  escuelas  cientificas;  historia  de  la 
America  espafiola;  historia  y  geografia  de  la  America  del  Sur,  y  un 
curso  sobre  la  geografia  regional  de  la  America  del  Sur. 

En  una  de  las  clases  ya  hay  120  estudiantes. 

Ademfi,s  de  lo  que  queda  expuesto,  hay  ciertos  cursos  que  tratan 
en  gran  manera,  aunque  no  principalmente,  de  asuntos  sudameri- 
canos, que  comprenden  la  historia  americana  primitiva  y  las  colonias 
espafiolas;  colonizaci6n  y  antropologla,  geologla,  geografia  comercial 
y  derecho  romano. 

El  Secretario  de  la  Universidad  ha  publicado  la  siguiente  carta  en 
espafioly  portugu^s,  en  la  cual  se  hace  una  resefia  del  plan  de  acci6n 
y  de  los  fines  de  la  f acultad  en  relaci6n  con  dichos  cursos : 

"Unfv^ersidad  de  Yale, 

"New  Haven,  Connecticut, 

"EsTADOS  Unidos  de  America. 
"EsTiMADO  Senor:  Al  enviar  k  V.  junto  con  ^sta  el  cat&logo  de 
Yale,  las  autoridades  de  la  universidad  desean  expresar  su  vivo  inte- 
rns por  el  movimiento  que  trata  de  poner  en  contacto  m&s  Intimo  k 
los  estudiantes  de  ambas  Americas.  Tenemos  la  profunda  convicci6n 
de  que  Ja  residencia  de  estudiantes  de  los  paises  del  sur  en  una  de 
7as  mka  importantes  mstVlwc\o\ie^  di^  "^oxV^-Kxw^Tvea,  adem^  de  las 


LOS    OUBSOS    EN    LA    UNIVER8IDAD    DE    YALE.  625 

ventajas  que  para  ellos  reportaria,  nos  ayudaria  poderosamente  en 
el  sentido  de  facilitar  k  nuestros  j6vene8,  que  mfis  tarde'  dirigir&n 
los  negocios  de  nuestro  pais,  la  comprensi6n  de  los  id^ales  y  del 
carfi-cter  de  nuestros  vecinos  sudamericanos. 

"  Hay  ciertos  hechos  referentes  &  la  Universidad  de  Yale,  que  pueden 
ser  de  interns  para  los  estudiantes  de  Sud-Am6rica,  que  deseen 
venir  &  hacer  estudios  universitarios  k  America  del  Norte. 

"(1)  New  Haven,  en  el  Estado  de  Connecticut,  residencia  de  la  uni- 
versidad, se  encuentra  fi,  una  hora  y  media,  por  ferrocaml,  de  New 
York,  que  es  el  puerto  de  Uegada  para  las  principales  llneas  de  vapores 
que  parten  de  Sud-Am6rica  para  el  norte.  Esta  proximidad  &  la 
metr6poli  tiene  ademfis  la  ventaja  desde  el  punto  de  vista  de  un 
estudiante  extranjero,  de  permitirle  estar  en  contacto  con  la  vida 
actual  del  pais.  Por  otra  parte,  New  Haven  no  estfi,  lejos  de  la  capi- 
tal, W&shington,  &  donde  se  puede  Uegar  en  mfis  6  menos  ocho  horas, 
por  varios  trenes,  que  corren  diariamente. 

"(2)  La  Universidad  de  Yale  es  un  asiento  hist6rico  del  saber;  se 
fund6  en  1701.  Su  historia  ha  sido  asociada  Intimamente  con  la  del 
pals  desde  el  principio,  y  este  hecho,  ademfis  de  darle  renombre  entre 
las  universidades  de  Norte-Am^rica,  le  presta  cierta  atm6sfera  de 
dignidad,  que  atrae  k  estudiantes  que  vienen  de  paises  con  una  civili- 
zaci6n  mfis  vieja.  En  su  segundo  centenario  (1901)  estuvieron  pre- 
sentes  delegados  de  las  instituciones  mfis  avanzadas  de  Europa. 

*'  (3)  La  universidad  es  enteramente  tolerante  en  materias  religio- 
sas. 

*'  (4)  La  universadid  de  Yale  incluye  los  siguientes  departamentos 
de  estudio :  El  Colegio  de  artes  liberales,  que  corresponde  &  la  Facidtad 
de  filosofla  y  letras  de  las  universidades  de  Sud-Am6rica;  la  Escuela 
cientfRca  de  Sheffield,  que  comprende  todos  los  ramos  cientificos, 
especialmente  los  de  ingenierla,  cuyos  cursos  son  los  mfis  s61idos;  una 
secci6n  de  graduados  bajo  la  facultad  de  los  dos  primeros  departa- 
mentos, y  en  la  que  se  consiguen  los  grados  mfis  altos  de  magister 
artium  (correspondiendo  en  algo  al  grado  de  licenciado)  y  de  doctor  en 
filosofla;  el  departamento  de  derecho;  el  departamento  de  medicina; 
el  departamento  de  teologla;  ademfis  hay  una  escuela  de  bellas  artes, 
con  un  departamento  de  mtisica;  una  secci6n  para  ingenieros  de 
montes,  y  una  escuela  especial  durante  las  vacaciones  de  verano. 

*'  (5)  La  universidad  ha  estado  siempre  en  contacto  especial  con  la 
literatura,  lengua  6  historia  de  los  pueblos  neolatinos;  se  dan  varios 
cursos  en  espaflol,  portugufe,  italiano,  francos,  provenzal,  etc. 

^'Frecuentemente  durante  el  semestre  hay  conferencias  dadas  por 
distinguidos  visitantes  del  extranjero,  como  tiltimamente  por  M. 
BrunetiJ:re,  M.  Edouard  Rod,  y  el  Profesor  Le  Braz  en  materia  de 
literatura;  6  por  el  ilustre  Profesor  Thompson  y  el  Profesor  Ruther- 
ford, sobre  los  descubrimientos  recientes  eiv  e\  e,«Ai\^o  ^y'^vj^XK^^sr^.   Xa. 


626    OFICINA   INTERNACIONAL,   DE   LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

biblioteca  de  la  universidad,  que  contiene  cerca  de  400,000  voltSmenes, 
es  rica  enia  literatura  6  historia  de  la  Europa  meridional;  ademis, 
una  gran  colecci6n  de  cuadros  antiguos  italianos  y  espaiioles,  inclu- 
yendo  obras  maestras,  originales  de  Andrea  del  Sarto,  Botticelli, 
Correggio  y  otras  contenidas  en  la  escuela  de  bellas  artes,  agr^an 
mucho  al  renombre  de  la  universidad. 

*'Los  gastos  para  un  aflo  varlan  grandemente  de  acuerdo  con  las 
necesidades  del  estudiante.  Mil  pesos  oro  americano  pueden  bastar 
para  cubrir  f&cilmente  todos  los -gastos  incluyendo  ensefianza,  casa, 
comida,  gastos  personales,  etc.  La  universidad  reconocerA  los  titu- 
los  expedidos  por  las  universidades  sudamericanas,  y  ser4n  aceptados, 
hasta  donde  sea  posible,  en  lugar  de  ex&menes  de  adniisi6n  &  l&s 
differentes  escuelas  profesionales  de  graduados. 

^'No  es  probable  que  haya  muchos  estudiantes  sudamericanos  que 
deseen  tomar  los  cursos  designados  para  los  que  pretenden  solamente 
el  grado  de  bachiller;  aquellos  que  lo  deseen,  sin  embargo,  podr&n 
sustituir  su  conocimiento  de  castellano  al  de  franc6s  en  los  ex&menes 
de  admisidn. 

'*E1  infrascrito  tendrfi,  un  gran  placer  en  ayudar  con  todas  sus 
fuerzas,  como  oficial  de  la  universidad,  &  los  estudiantes  sudameri- 
canos. Puede  indicar  familias  privadas  en  que  aquellos,  que  deseen 
hacer  progresos  en  ingl6s  antes  de  asistir  &  la  imiversidad,  tendr&n 
excelente  oportunidad  para  olr  y  hablar  esa  lengua.  Recomendari 
escuelas  especiales  &  aquellos  estudiantes  que  deseen  prepararse  en 
Estados  Unidos  para  entrar  &  la  Universidad  de  Yale. 

"S.  E.  Mr.  Elihu  Root,  doctor  en  leyes,  Secretario  de  Estado  de 
los  Estados  Unidos,  y  el  Iltmo.  y  Redmo,  Seiior  Arzobispo  de  St. 
Paul,  Monsefior  John  Ireland,  doctor  en  leyes,  ambos  graduados 
honorarios  de  Yale,  ban  manif estado  su  disposici6n  para  ser  consul- 
tados  en  lo  referente  &  la  universidad. 

''Anson  Phelps  Stokes,  Jr., 
^^ Secretario  de  la  Universidad  de  Tale.'^ 


VIAJE  DE  LA  ARMADA  DE  LOS  ESTADOS  UNIDOS 
DE  VALPARAISO  AL  CALLAO. 

La  armada  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  bajo  el  mando  del  Almirante 
RoBLEY  D.  Evans,  despu^s  de  pasar  frente  al  puerto  de  Valparaiso, 
Chile,  donde  el  14  de  febrero  desfil6  en  gran  parada  ante  el  Presidente 
Montt,  acompafiado  de  su  gabinete  y  de  otros  ciudadanos  promi- 
nentes  que  iban  d  bordo  del  buque  de  guerra  chileno  *'Baquedano/' 
sigui6  en  su  viaje  al  Callao. 


VIAJE    DE    LA    ARMADA    DE    LOS    E8TADOS    UNID03.  627 

Inmeditamente  despu^s  de  la  parada  el  Presidente  Montt  envi6 
el  siguiente  cablegrama  al  Presidente  Roosevelt: 

*' VALPARAfso,  febrero  I4  de  1908. 
"Presidente  Roosevelt,  Wdshington: 

*'Acabo  de  presenciar  el  desfile  de  la  poderosa  escuadra  que  al 
mando  del  Almirante  Evans  lleva  el  pabell6n  americano  en  el  Paci- 
fico,  y  he  podido  admirar  de  cerca  una  de  las  manifestaciones  m&s 
espl6ndidas  que  en  todo  orden  alcanzan  los  Estados  Unidos  de 
America.  El  saludo  especial  hecho  hoy  &  nuestra  bandera  significa 
una  demostraci6n  de  cordial  amistad  al  pueblo  chileno  que  agra- 
dezco  y  retribuyo  en  su  nombre  haciendo  votos  por  la  prosperidad 
constante  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  feUcidad  de  su  ilustre  Presidente. 

Pedro  Montt/' 

A  este  cordiallsimo  mensaje  el  Presidente  Roosevelt  contest6 
como  sigue: 

"  Washington,  febrero  15  de  1908. 
"Excmo.  Sr.  Don  Pedro  Montt, 

^^  Presidente  de  Chile ,  Santiago: 
*^Agradezco  el  amistoso  mensaje  de  Vuestra  Excelencia.  Mis 
conciudadanos  consideran  el  vivo  interns  demostrado  por  el  pueblo 
chileno  en  la  gran  parada  de  los  buques  americanos  y  el  canje  de 
cortesias  navales,  como  una  nueva  prueba  de  cordialidad  entre  los 
dos  paises.  Ofresco  k  Vuestra  Excelencia  mis  amistosos  saludos  y 
los  sinceros  votos  del  pueblo  americano  por  el  bienestar  de  Chile. 

'* Theodore  Roosevelt." 

Seis  dias  despu6s,  en  la  mafiana  del  20  de  febrero,  la  armada 
americana  ancl6  en  la  bahia  del  Callao,  Perti.  A  una  distancia  de 
250  millas  hacia  el  sur,  se  le  habia  unido  el  crucero  peruano  "Coronel 
Bologuesl/'  que  era  portador  de  la  primera  bienvenida  oficial  del 
Per6.  Con  todos  los  atavios  de  un  dia  de  fiesta,  millares  de 
ciudadanos  del  Callao  y  de  Lima  se  habian  reunido  para  divisar 
primero  el  buque  que  iba  k  la  vanguardia,  y  cuando  el  **Bologuesi" 
entr6  en  la  bahia  k  la  cabeza  de  la  armada  en  fila,  no  fu6  necesario 
el  estampido  de  los  canonazos  de  saludo  para  anunciar  la  llegada  de  la 
gran  escuadra.  La  multitud  entusi&stica  que  iba  k  bordo  de  vapores 
de  excursi6n,  asi  como  la  que  se  hallaba  en  los  muelles  y  al  pie  de  las 
colinas  que  dan  k  la  ciudad,  enviaron  grandes  aclamaciones  de  bien- 
venida k  los  buques  y  k  sus  tripulaciones  procedentes  de  la  Republica 
hermana  del  Norte. 

El  Almirante  I^vans,  junto  con  la  armada,  permaneci6  nueve  dias 
en  el  Callao,  hasta  el  29  de  febrero.     Durante  este  tiempo,  tanto  el 
Gobierno  peruano  como  el  pueblo  del  Callao  y  de  Lima  les  dispenaa.i:oTL 
toda  clase  de  atenciones  k  los  oficiales  y  ii\pvj\«k.Q\(i\i  ^^  \^  ^ctxsssA'^w. 
EJ  21  de  febrero  el  Presidente  Pakdo  Tec\\>\6  k  \o^  oSicAsiifc^  ^^  ^»^ 


628    OFICINA   INTEBNACIONAL   DE   LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBIGAl^AS. 

buques  americanos,  y  el  siguiente  dia,  que  fu6  el  cumpleafios  de 
George  Washington,  les  di6  un  banquete.  Adem&s  de  los  dosciento8 
cincuenta  oficiales  americanos,  hallfi,base  presente  un  gran  ntimero 
de  prominentes  personajes,  entre  los  cuales  se  encontraban  el  Hon. 
Leslie  Combs,  Ministro  de  los  Estados  Unidos  en  el  Perfi,  y  otros 
miembros  del  Cuerpo  Diplom&tico. 

El  dia  23,  el  Presidente  Pardo  sali6  de  Lima  para  el  Callao  y  Tisit6 
la  flota.  Fu6  recibido  por  el  Almirante  Evans  k  bordo  del  buqxie- 
insignia  '* Connecticut,''  y  entonces  todos  los  buques  de  la  armada 
hicieron  un  saludo  nacional  en  honor  del  Presidente  Pardo. 

A  su  regreso  k  Lima  el  Presidente  Pardo  envi6  el  siguiente 
cablegrama: 

' '  liJMAjfehrero  24  de  1 908. 
'Tresidente  Roosevelt,  Washington: 

'*Acabo  de  visit ar  el  buque  almirante  *  Connecticut "  y  de  revistar 
toda  la  gran  escuadra  que  manda  el  Almirante  Evans,  y  tengo  la 
satisfacci6n  de  expresar  k  Vuestra  Excelencia  mi  admiraci6ii  per  el 
imponderable  estado  en  que  se  encuentran  todos  los  buques  y  per 
el  entusiasmo  y  energia  de  las  tripulaciones.  La  escuadra  que  nos 
visita  representa  dignamente  el  poder  y  la  grandeza  de  los  £stados 
Unidos,  y  sus  tripulantes  son  fraternalmente  acogidos  en  el  Pert. 

'*JosE  Pardo, 
''Presidente  del  Peru.'' 

A  este  mensaje  de  cordialidad  intemacional  el  Presidente  Roosb- 
VELT  contest6  como  sigue: 

"  Washington, /eJrero  24  de  1908. 
"Excmo.  Sr.  Don  Jose  Pardo, 

''Presidente  del  Peru,  Lima. 
''Me  ha  sido  muy  grato  recibir  vuestro  cablegrama  de  hoy,  y  agra- 
dezco  profundamente  los  encomi&sticos  comentarios  que  hace  Vuestra 
Excelencia  acerca  de  la  armada  americana.  La  entusi&stica  bien- 
venida  y  amistosas  demostraciones  en  el  Callao  han  complacido-y 
conmovido  al  pueblo  americano  que  siempre  sinti6  una  sincera  esti- 
maci6n  por  el  pueblo  peruano.  Dignese  Vuestra  Excelencia  aceptar 
las  seguridades  de  mi  alta  consideraci6n  y  sincera  estima  junto  con 
la  de  mi  pueblo. 

"Theodore  Koosevelt, 
"Presidente  de  los  Estados  Unidos  de  America.'' 

El  29  de  febrero  la  armada  sali6  en  direcci6n  al  Callao,  y  dos  dfas 
despu6s  el  Presidente  Roosevelt  envio  el  siguiente  cablegrama: 

''Washington,  marzo  2  de  1908. 
"Excmo.  Sr.  Don  Jose  Pardo, 

"Presidente  del  Peru^  Lima, 
''La,  cordial  bienvenida  qvie  se  \e.  d;\o  k  \«l  ^\xv^^,  ^A^^ida  de  la 
?6ndida  recepci6n  y  ao;aaa\o§.  de  sws  o^e\«\e^^  VTv^\^^\b\v^\v>otf8i:tv 


PRODUCCION  DE  CAFE  EN  LA  AMERICA  CENTRAL,  1906-7.  629 

asi  como  su  trato  amistoso  y  canje  de  cumplidos  con  los  peruanos, 
le  han  proporcionado  verdadera  8atisfacci6n  y  placer  al  Gobiemo  y 
pueblo  americanos.  Al  abondonar  las  hospitalarias  playas  del  Perti, 
la  armada  se  llevar&  consigo  recuerdos  iraperecederos  de  las  bonda- 
dosas  atenciones  de  que  fu6  objeto.  Al  reiterar  &  Vuestra  Excelencia 
las  seguridades  de  mi  cordial  gratitud,  os  pido  que  aceptSis  mis  sin- 
ceros  votos  por  vuestro  bienestar  personal  y  por  la  prosperidad  de 
vue^tro  pals. 

"Theodore  Roosevelt, 
'^Presidente  de  los  Estados  TJnidos,'' 
I^  escuadra  americana  entr6  eu  la  Bahia  de  liiagdalena,  situada 
en  la  Costa  de  M6xico,  el  dia  12  de  marzo,  en  las  primeras  horas  de 
la  mafiana. 


LA  PRODUCCION  DE  CAFfi  EN  LA   AMERICA  CEN- 
TRAL EN  1906-7. 

La  producci6n  de  caf6  en  las  varias  Reptiblicas  Centro-Americanas 
en  1906-7,  se  calcula  de  la  manera  siguiente:  Guatemala,  600,000 
quintales;  Nicaragua,  137,000  quintales;  Salvador,  500,000  quin- 
tals, y  Costa  Rica,  160,000  sacos. 

La  producci6n  de  Nicaragua  muestra  una  disminuci6n  de  34,500 
quintales,  en  tanto  que  la  de  Guatemala  no  muestra  ningtin  cambio. 

La  siguiente  tabla  muestra  la  exportaci6n  de  caf6  en  1906: 

Quintales. 

Guatemala 580,  OOO 

Salvador 660,000 

Costa  Rica 249,000 

Nicaragua 160, 000 

El  caf6  de  la  America  Central  se  considera  como  uno  de  los  mejores 
del  mundo,  y  en  prueba  de  este  aserto  basta  tener  presente  los  precios 
que  obtiene  en  los  principales  mercados  del  orbe  entero.  El  caf6  se 
recoge  por  lo  general  de  octubre  &  marzo,  segtin  la  elevaci6n  del 
terreno,  y  la  exportacidn  de  dicho  producto  comienza  en  febrero  y 
dura  hasta  octubre.  Ijos  derechos  sobre  el  caf6  que  se  exporta  & 
Inglaterra  son  34.80  francos,  6  sean  $6.96,  por  cada  100  kilogramos, 
y  136  francos  ($27.20)  sobre  el  que  se  exporta  &  Francia.  En  Costa 
Rica  el  caf6  se  cultiva  especialmente  en  la  costa  del  Paclfico  en  los 
siguientes  Departamentos:  San  Jos6,  Alajuela  y  Cartago. 

En  1892,  de  una  poblaci6n  de  183,000  habitantes  que  habia  en 
estos  Departamentos,  existia  im  cafetal  por  cada  23  habitantes,  6 
sean  182  cafetos  que  produclan  92  kilogramos  de  caf6  por  cada 
habitante,  y  en  1905  habia  30,200  hect&reas  sembradas  de  caf6. 


630    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE   LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

El  30  de  septiembre  de  1906,  las  exportaciones  de  caf6  de  Costa 
Rica  ascendian  &  13,774,258  kilogramos,  de  los  cuales  la  mitad 
aproximadamente  estaba  descascarada  y  el  resto  sin  descascarar. 
Los  puertos  extranjeros  que  importan  caf6  de  Costa  Rica  fueron  los 
siguientes,  en  el  orden  de  su  importancia :  Londres,  76  por  ciento; 
Hamburgo,  11  por  ciento;  Nueva  Orleans  y  Nueva  York,  9  por 
ciento;  Burdeos  y  el  Havre,  3  por  ciento,  y  luego  siguen  Trieste, 
Montreal,  Barcelona,  G6nova  y  Valparaiso. 

La  clase  superior  denominada  caracolillo  se  remite  &  Londres, 
donde  obtiene  un  subido  precio,  pero  todivia  obtendria  precios  m4s 
altos  en  el  Havre  6  en  Paris,  adonde  tinicamente  se  remiten  las  clases 
mfis  inferiores  en  pequenas  cantidades. 

Los  puertos  de  embarque  de  Costa  Rica  son  Puerto  Liin6ii  y 
Puntarenas:  Por  el  primero  en  1906  se  embarcaron  13,035,780  kilo- 
gramos, y  por  el  segundo  se  embarcaron  738,478  kilogramos. 

San  Francisco,  Nueva  Orleans  y  Nueva  York,  son  los  tres  mercados 
para  dicho  producto  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  pero  Nueva  York  es  el  m4s 
importante  de  los  tres,  asl  como  Hamburgo,  Londres  y  el  Havre  son 
los  tres  mercados  europeos  m&s  importantes  para  el  caf6.  Londres 
no  es  un  gran  centro  de  consumo  ni  de  abastecimiento,  pero  no 
obstante,  la  mejor  clase  de  caf6  centroamericano  se  encuentra  en 
Tower-Dock,  y  d  dicho  punto  acuden  los  importantes  mercados 
europeos,  incluso  el  Havre,  que  por  lo  general  se  encuentra  mejor 
surtido  que  otros,  cuando  existe  una  gran  demanda  del  expresado 
producto. 

Por  mds  que  el  Havre  es  el  primer  mercado  de  Francia,  y  acaso  de 
toda  la  Europa,  para  el  caf6  centroamericano,  Burdeos  y  Marsella 
tambi^n  son  buenos  mercados. 

Por  virtud  de  un  tratado  comercial  que  los  diferentes  Estados 
Centro-Americanos  celebraron  con  Francia,  el  caf6  que  se  importe 
directamente  de  dichos  paises  d  Francia,  disfruta  de  las  franquicias 
concedidas  d  las  naciones  mds  favorecidas,  y  por  consecuencia,  s6Io 
paga  136  francos  por  cada  100  kilogramos,  que  es  el  derecho  minimo 
que  se  le  impone  al  caf6,  debiendo  agregarse  que  estos  derechos  no 
los  pagan  los  exportadores  americanos,  sino  tinicamente  los  com- 
pradores  franceses;  pero  fi.  fin  de  obtener  esta  franquicia,  es  necesario 
enviar  el  caf6  con  un  conocimiento  directamente  &  Francia,  acom- 
pafiado  de  un  certificado  debidamente  legalizado,  en  el  cual  deber& 
expresarse  su  origen  centroamericano. 

Los  cafetales  mds  importantes  de  Guatemala  se  encuentran  en  la 
costa  del  Paclfico.  Los  principales  centros  de  cultivo,  en  el  orden  de 
su  importancia,  son  los  siguientes :  Costa  Cuca,  que  produce  100,000 
quintales;  Barberena  que  produce  65,000  quintales;  Pochuta,  Costa 
Grandef  Costa  del  Cucho  y  Tumador,  60,000  quintales;  Chuva,  50,000 
quin tales;  [Xolhuitz,  \41,000  \qvim\i%\fe^-,  C^^^o^,  ^^,000  quintales; 


PRODUCCION    DE  CAFE    EN  LA  AMERICA    CENTRAL,   1906-7.    631 

Malacat&D;  30,000  quintales;  San  Marcos,  Pan&n,  Escuintia  y  Fuego, 
25,000  quintales;  Moran,  16,000  quintales;  La  Antigua,  San  Vicente  y 
Pacaya,  15,000  quintales;  Amititl&n,  Sumatfin,  12,000  quintales; 
Zunil,  10,000  quintales.  En  la  costa  del  Atl&ntico  Coban  y  Alta 
Verapaz  producen  40,000  quintales;  el  valle  de  Montagua,  4,000 
quintales,  y  el  Departamento  de  Santa  Rosa,  2,000  quintales. 

Se  cobra  un  derecho  de  exportaci6n  de  $1  oro,  6  $6  en  papel  mo- 
neda,  por  quintal  de  46  kilogramos,  sobre  el  caf6  descascarado,  y 
proporcionalmente  por  el  quintal  de  caf6  sin  descascarar.  El  flete 
marltimo  por  el  caf6  de  la  costa  del  Paclfico  de  Guatemala  al  Havre 
es  como  75  francos  por  cada  100  kilogramos. 

El  t^rmino  medio  de  la  producci6n  anual  de  caf6  de  Guatemala  es 
35,000  kilogramos.  Un  52  por  ciento  de  esta  cantidad  se  remiti6  & 
los  puertos  alemanes  de  Hamburgo  y  Bremen;  un  32.95  por  ciento  se 
embarco  para  los  puertos  americanos  de  San  Francisco,  Nueva  York 
y  Nueva  Orleans;  un  12.760  por  ciento  se  export6  &  los  puertos 
ingleses  de  Liverpool  y  Londres;  0.614  por  ciento  se  remiti6  al  puerto 
de  Valparaiso,  Chile;  0.507  por  ciento  se  envi6  &  Trieste,  Austria; 
0.244  por  ciento  ^  G6nova,  Italia;  0.233  al  Havre  y  Burdeos,  Francia; 
0.209  por  ciento  d  B61ice,  Honduras  Brittoica.  El  promedio  de 
800,000  quintales  de  caf6,  que  se  exporta  de  Guatemala,  sale  de  los 
sigiiientes  puertos:  De  Champerico,  505,000  quintales;  de  San  Jos6 
de  Guatemala,  235,000  quintales;  de  Ocos,  134,000  quintales;  de 
Livingston,  34,000  quintales,  y  de  Puerto  Barrios,  2,000  quintales. 

En  Honduras  no  se  ha  desarrollado  tanto  el  cultivo  del  caf6  como 
en  otros  paises  de  la  America  Central,  no  porque  haya  diferencia 
alguna  en  el  terreno,  clima  y  condiciones  generales  de  Honduras 
respecto  de  sus  reptiblicas  hermanas,  sino  &  causa  de  la  falta  de 
medios  de  comunicaci6n  con  el  interior,  y  sobre  todo  &  la  preferencia 
que  se  le  da  al  cultivo  de  los  bananos. 

Sin  embargo,  hay  cafetales  en  los  Departamentos  de  Santa  Bar- 
bara, Cop6n,  Cor6s,  La  Paz,  Choluteca  y  el  Paralso. 

Entre  los  principales  centros  de  caf6,  pueden  mencionarse  &  Danli, 
cerca  de  Tegucigalpa,  San  Pedro  Sula,  y  San  Marcos  de  Colon,  donde 
hay  un  importante  cafetal. 

Honduras  produce  anualmente  como  4,000,000  de  kilogramos,  de 
los  cuales  se  exportaron  como  2,000,500  de  kilogramos.  Este  caf6 
vale  como  d  raz6n  de  25  francos  por  cada  46  kilogramos  en  el  pais, 
pero  los  embarques  que  se  han  hecho  para  el  Havre  y  Burdeos  de 
esta  clase  de  caf6  que  tiene  gran  demanda,  han  obtenido  el  precio  de 
55  y  65  francos  por  cada  50  kilogramos  en  el  almacen. 

Los  puertos  de  embarque  de  caf6  de  Honduras  son  Puerto  Cort6s, 
en  la  costa  del  Atltotico,  para  el  caf6  que  se  exporta  &  los  Estados 
Unidos  y  &  Inglaterra;  Amapala,  en  la  costa  del  P&cifico,  para  el  caf6 
que  se  remite  k  Hamburgo,  Liverpool,  el  H^uNte  ^  ^>x^^^<5k'^^  ^  '^'^'a* 
tronteras  de  Honduras  para  el  que  se  xeroite  ^X^^X^^^^^t. 


632    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAIi  DE  IAS  BBPUBLICAS  AMEBICA^AS. 

El  caf6  crece  en  todas  partes  en  Nicaragua,  y  sobre  todo  en  los 
puntos  miis  elevados.  Seg^n  un  c&lculo  aproximado,  en  la  actualidad 
hay  60,000,000  de  cafetos  en  los  varies  Departamentos  de  Nicaragua. 

El  cultivo  del  caf6  en  los  Departamentos  pr6ximos  &  las  costas  del 
Atl&ntico  se  desarroUarla  mucho  si  los  medios  de  comiinicaci6n 
fuesen  mejores  y  menos  costosos.  El  f  omen  to  de  nuevos  cafe  tales  en 
esta  regi6n  se  aumentarfi,  maravillosamente  cuando  se  construya  el 
ferrocarril  de  Matagalpa  &  Le6n,  y  sobre  todo  cuando  se  termine  la 
Ifnea  que  se  ha  de  extender  de  San  MigueUto  &  Monkey  Point,  con 
ramales  hasta  Acoyapa. 

Nicaragua  produce  anualmente  como  28,000,000  de  kilogramos  de 
caf6,  de  los  cuales  se  consumen  7,000,000  en  el  pals,  quedando  asf 
20,000,00D  para  la  exportaci6n,  que  se  distribuyen  de  la  manera 
siguiente: 


Pafses  de  destine. 


KUo- 


Alexnanla  (vla-Estreoho  de  Magallanes  6  Panama) . 

Estados  Unidos 

Inglaterra 

Francia 

ItaUa 

B^lgica 

Otros  paises 

Total 


8,000,000 
5,000,000 
3,000,000 
2,500,000 
800,000 
500,000 
1,200,000 


21,000,000 


los  cuales  valen  de  15,000  k  20,000,000  de  francos,  6  sean  $4,000,000. 

Los  puertos  por  los  cuales  se  embarca  el  caf6  de  Nicaragua  son 
los  siguientes:  El  Puerto  de  Corinto  en  la  Costa  del  Pacifico  por  el 
cual  se  embarcan  11.12,  y  el  de  San  Jos6  del  Sur,  por  el  cual  se  em- 
barca el  resto  que  asciende  &  1.12. 

Es  m6,s  facil  obtener  brazos  en  la  Costa  del  Pacifico  que  en  la  del 
Atldntico,  y  los  sueldos  varlan  entre  20  y  50  centavos  por  dia.  El 
costo  de  transporte  del  caf6  desde  el  interior  del  pals  hasta  el  puerto 
de  embarque,  que  es  Corinto,  es  bastante  moderado  en  las  regiones 
situadas  en  la  llnea  del  ferrocarril  del  Pacifico,  pero  dicho  costo  es 
bastante  subido  cuando  se  trata  del  caf6  procedente  de  Segovia.  En 
1907  el  caf6  al  por  menor  se  cotiz6  en  Managua  &  $32  por  quintal 
por  el  de  primera  calidad,  y  $0.50  por  libra.  En  conformidad  con 
el  decreto  de  24  de  febrero  de  1907,  el  derecho  de  exportaci6n  sobre 
el  caf6  se  ha  reducido  k  $2  en  moneda  nacional  que,  al  tipo  de  cambio 
de  630  por  ciento,  dan  un  resultado  de  150  francos  por  quintal  de 
100  libras. 

Los  obreros  que  se  dedican  especialmente  k  los  trabajos  en  los 
cafe  tales  est6,n  exentos  del  servicio  militar. 

En  Managua  hay  varias  empresas  para  descascarar  el  caf6. 


OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS.    638 

REPtTBLICA  ARGENTINA. 

EL  COMEBCIO  BXTEBIOB  EN  1907. 

La  Direcci6n  General  de  Estadlstica  de  la  Reptiblica  Argentina 
public6,  &  fines  de  enero  de  1908,  los  datos  preliminares  relatives  al 
comercio  exterior  de  la  naci6n  durante  el  afto  de  1907.  Segfin  ellos, 
el  valor  total  del  comercio  exterior  durante  el  afio  de  referencia  fu6 
de  $582,065,052  oro,  que,  en  comparaci6n  con  la  de  $562,224,450  & 
que  ascendi6  la  de  1906,  arroja  un  aumento  de  $19,840,602.  EI  saldo 
Ajfavor  de  la  Repflblica  es  de  $10,343,686  oro. 

El  valor  total  de  las  importaciones  de  1907  fu6  de  $285,860,683 
oro,  6  sea  $15,890,162  oro  m&s  que  en  1906.  La  importaci6n 
sujeta  &  derechos  alcanz6  un  valor  de  $183,399,111  oro,  cifra  que 
acusa  una  disminuci6n  de  $1,014,155  oro  comparada  con  la  de  1906. 
La  importaci6n  libre  de  derechos  se  avalu6  en  $102,461,572  que  con 
relaci6n  al  afto  anterior  arroja  un  aumento -de  $16,904,317  oro. 
Las  importaciones  de  met&lico  hicieron  un  valor  total  de  $23,552,726 
oro,  que,  comparado  con  el  de  1906,  indica  un  aumento  de  $5,340,403. 

La  exportaci6n  total  tuvo  un  valor  de  $296,204,369  oro,  6  sean 
$3,950,540  m&s  que  en  1 906.  La  exportaci6n  sujeta  &  derechos  ascendi6 
&  $1,808,  6  sean  $1,763  m&s  que  en  1906,  La  exportacidn  libre  de 
derechos  ascendid  &  $296,202,561  oro  que  relativamente  al  afto 
anterior  acusa  un  aumento  de  $3,948,777  oro.  Las  exportaciones 
de  met&lico  ascendieron  &  $3,133,886  oro,  que  arroja  im  aumento 
sobre  el  afto  anterior  de  $1,588,264. 

Las  importaciones  sujetas  &  derechos  comprenden  articulos  de 
consumo,  g^neros,  sombreros,  conservas  alimenticias,  bebidas,  articu- 
los de  joyerla;  etc.,  es  decir,  que  el  pals  ha  sido  tributario  de  la 
industria  europea  en  la  proporci6n  de  $183,390,111  oro,  y  por  ende  ha 
consumido  durante  el  afto  1907,  $1,031,469  menos  que  en  1906.  Esta 
disminuci6n  en  la  importaci6n  de  articulos  sujetos  al  pago  de  derechos, 
resulta  contrabalanceada  por  el  monto  de  las  importaciones  libres  de 
derechos,  las  cuales  constituyen  gastos  productivos,  6,  para  expresarlo 
con  mayor  claridad,  capital  que  no  se  consume  porque  est4  represen- 
tado  por  material  de  ferrocarriles,  maquinarias  6  implementos  agri- 
colas,  etc.,  elementos  todos  destinados  4  impulsar  el  desenvolvimiento 
progresivo  del  pais.  En  este  rengl6n  la  Reptiblica  tiene  k  su  favor 
un  aumento  de  $16,904,317  oro,  como  se  ha  expuesto  mds  arriba.  Se 
verd,  pues,  que  este  aumento,  en  vez  de  deberse  d  gastos  improduc- 
tivos,  es  de  capital  acumulado  dentro  del  pais  para  servir  4  su  expan- 
si6n.  Como  podrd  suponerse,  ese  aumento  significa  que  ha 
emigrado  del  pais  una  suma  de  dinero  equivalente,  es  preciso  mani- 
festar  que  el  material  ferroviario  que  las  empresas  adquieren  en 


634    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICAJNTAS. 

Europa,  no  se  paga  con  capital  argentino,  sino  que  por  lo  general  es  el 
resultado  de  acciones  que  se  cubren  con  capital  europeo  y  que  con- 
curren  al  desenvolvimiento  progresivo  del  pals. 

Con  ref erencia  4  las  exportaciones,  hay  que  tener  en  cuenta  que  en 
las  cifras  que  se  dan  no  est&  computado  el  valor  de  la  esquila  de  lana 
vendida  durante  los  meses  de  octubre  4  diciembre,  y  que  suma,  todos 
los  anos,  entre  15,000,000  y  20,000,000  de  pesos  oro. 

LA  INMIGBACldN  DE  1907. 

El  Director  General  de  Inmigraci6n  de  la  Keptiblica  Argentina 
present6  &  fines  de  enero  de  1908  su  informe  estadlstico  de  la  inmi- 
graci6n  correspondiente  &  1907,  del  cual  han  sido  tornados  los  dato6 
que  se  publican  &  continuaci6n. 

El  total  de  entradas,  comprendiendo  pasajeros  6  inmigrantes,  de 
ultramar  y  Montevideo,  alcanz6  &  329,122  personas,  que  se  clasifican 
en  la  siguiente  forma: 

I 

,  Entradas.    ftnlidaw 


Pasajeros  de  ultramar 

Pasajeros  de  Montevideo 

Inmigrantes  de  ultramar 

Inmigrantes  de  Montevideo. 


Total. 


15,284 

55,914 

209,103  , 

48,821 


I 


12.497 
55,172 
90,190 
47, 8n 


329,122         205,732 


La  nacionalidad  de  los  inmigrantes  fu6  como  sigue:  Italianos, 
90,282;  espafioles,  82,606;  rusos,  9,530;  turcos,  7,436;  franceses,  4,125; 
austriacos,  3,439;  alemanes,  2,322;  ingleses,  1,659;  htingaros,  1,220; 
Portugueses,  1,118;  argentinos,  1,016;  griegos,  500;  suizos,  486;  bra- 
silefios,  482;  btilgaros,  442 ;  montenegrinos,  450;  dinamarqueses,  378; 
norteamericanos,  393;  rumanos,  223;  belgas,  209;  marroquies,  180; 
holandeses,  178,  y  menor  numero  de  otras  nacionalidades. 

De  los  209,103  inmigrantes  de  ultramar,  82,007  llegaron  agrupados 
en  25,369  familias,  y  solo  109,106  hombres  y  17,990  mujeres. 

LA  EDIFICACldN  EN  BUENOS  AIKES. 

"""Segdn  estadisticas  publicadas  por  los  Srs.  Bravo,  Barros  y  Com- 
panIa,  de  Buenos  Aires,  en  su  revista  semanal  ^^Las  Ventas,"  el 
valor  de  lo  edificado  en  Buenos  Aires  durante  los  siete  afios  tUtimos 
fu6  como  se  detalla  en  el  siguiente  cuadro: 


Afio. 


Valor  en     ! 

Moneda 

nacional. 


1901 1  $22,331,824      1905 

1902 '     19,403,916  l|  190() 

1903 1    21,590,925  ,    1907, 

1904 \    7:T,S»3,«)2  d 


i    Valor  en 

Afio.  UonedA 

nacioQAL 

38,812.82$ 

56,114,120 

79,033,833 


REPUBLICA    ARGENTINA. 


635 


La  progre3i6n  comienza  en  1904  con  iin  30  por  ciento  de  aumento 
sobre  1903;  en  1905  se  observa  un  40  por  ciento  m&s  que  en  1904;  en 
1906  iin  48  por  ciento  m&s  que  en  1905,  y  en  1907  un  41  por  ciento  m&s 
que  en  1906.     De  1901  &  1907  el  salto  fu6  superior  &  un  250  por  ciento. 

POSTEBGACldN  DEL  DEBATE  DE  LA  VENTA  DEL  FEBBOCABBIL 

ANDINOi 

La  comisi6n  de  obras  pdblicas  de  la  C&mara  de  Diputados'del 
Congreso  Argentino  resolvi6,  &  mediados  del  mes  de  enero  de  1908, 
postergar  para  las  pr6ximas  sesiones  la  discusi6n  del  proyecto  de  ley 
que  autoriza  la  venta  del  Ferrocarril  Andino  en  $27,828,000,  las 
condiciones  de  la  cual  fueron  expuestas  en  un  contrato  que  someti6  el 
Presidente  de  la  Reptiblica  el  13  de  diciembre  de  1907  y  que  fu6 
firmado  ad  referendum  entre  el  Ministro  de  Obras  Pfiblicas  y  lod 
representantes  de  los  Ferrocarriles  de  Buenos  Aires  y  Rosario  y 
Central  Argentino 

TBANSPOBTE  DE  LA  COSECHA  EN  1907. 

En  relacidn  con  las  grandes  cosechas  de  trigo,  linaza  y  maiz  que 
se  hicieron  en  la  Reptiblica  Argentina  en  el  corriente  aflo,  dicese  que 
los  ferrocarriles  ban  hecho  preparativos  adecuados  para  transportar 
estos  productos  con  prontitud  y  economla. 

Las  siguientes  tablas  muestran  la  cantidad  de  trigo,  linaza  y  malz 
transportada  por  las  principales  lineas  de  ferrocarril  argentinas  en 
1907,  asi  como  la  proporci6n  de  dicho  tr&fico  respfecto  de  la  carga 
transportada  por  las  varias  compafiias  ferroviarias: 


Ferrocarriles. 


,  Trigo, 

;Propor- 

Toneladas.,  ci6n  do 

lacarsa 


total. 


De  Buenos  Aires  al  Pacfflco •       MO,  000 

De  Buenos  Aires  y  Rosario i    1,070, 000 


Qran  Forrooarril  del  Sur  de  Buenos  Aires 
Ferrocarril  del  Oeste  de  Buenos  Aires. . 

C(Jrdoba  y  Rosario 

Central  de  C6rdoba 

Central  de  C6rdoba  (aj»col6n  del  Nort<*) 
Ferrocarril  de  Entn*  HIos 


1,779.000 

926,000 

62,000 

22,000 


32.5 
14.5 
36.4 
39.2 
10.1 
4.1 


121.000 


26.7 


I  Trigo, 

Propor- 

Linaza.  icidnde 

!la  carga 

total. 


79,000 
308,000 
59,000 


4.0 
4.2 
1.2 


19,000 
1,000  I 


3,1  , 
6,000         16.' 3* 


Malz. 


199,000 

1,778,003 

497,000 

579,000 

38,000 

6,000 

17,000 

8,000 


Trigo, 
Propor- 
ddnde 
la  carga 

total. 


10.1 

24.1 

10.1 

24.6 

0.2 

1.1 

2.5 

1.8 


EL  CULTIVO  DEL  ALG0D(5N  Y  LA  FABBICACI(5N  DE  ARTICULOS 

DE  ALGODdN, 


En  un  in  forme  hecho  por  el  Consul  Frances  en  Buenos  Aires  y  pu- 
blicado  en  el  "Moniteur  Ofliciel  du  Commerce,  '^  correspondiente  al  16 
de  enero  de  1908,  se  dice  que  la  mejor  caUdad  de  algodon  que  se  produce 
en  la  Republica  Argentina  se  cultiva  en  las  provincias  de  La  Rioja  y 
Catamarca,  en  tanto  que  C6rdoba,  Tucum^n  y  Corrientes,*asi  como 
los  territorios  de  Chaco  y  Misiones,  consagran  extensas  &reas  de. 
33228— Bull.  3—08 11 


636    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE   LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

teireno  d  dicho  cultivo,  Los  altos  tipos  de  flete  de  feijrocarril  han 
retardado  el  desarrollo  de  esta  industria.  En  Tucum&n  y  C6rdoba 
dicho  cultivo  en  la  actualida  d  es  bastante  limitado,  pero  es  susceptible 
de  progreso,  y  en  Corrientes  dicha  industria  todavia  est&  en  su  infan- 
cia,  al  paso  que  en  Misiones  la  planta  del  algod6n  sufre  &  causa  de 
los  estragos  que  hacen  las  hormigas.  El  mayor  desarrollo  de  este 
cultivo  se  advierte  en  la  regi6n  de  Chaco  donde — &  pesar  de  los 
estragos  que  hace  una  enfermedad  que  en  el  pals  se  conoce  por 
*'rouja" — se  cultiva  una  calidad  superior  de  algod6n  de  larga  fibra 
que  obtiene  magnificos  precios  y  es  muy  apreciado  en  los  mercados 
del  Havre  y  Liverpool.  Se  han  hecho  grandes  esfuerzos,  con  6xito, 
encaminados  &  hacer  desaparecer  por  completo  dicha  enfermedad. 

En  el  distrito  de  Chaco.  hay  un  gran  nurnero  de  desmotadoras  que  en 
1907  beneficiaron  como  800  toneladas  m^tricas  de  algod6n,  la  mitad  de 
las  cuales  se  us6  en  Buenos  Aires  y  el  resto  se  remiti6  al  mercado  de 
Liverpool.  La  semilla  de  algod6n  se  le  vende  k  la  f&brica  de  Colonelli, 
que  es  la  unica  que  cuenta  con  la  maquinaria  que  se  requiere  para  la 
fabricaci6n  de  aceite^  Las  tres  pequenas  companias  de  f abricaci6n  de 
algod6n  que  se  establecieron  originalmente,  se  han  fusionado  bajo  el 
nombre  de  "Sociedad  de  Hilanderias  Argentinas  de  Algod6n/'  con  un 
capital  como  de  $875,000.  Esta  compaftia  usa  400  toneladas  del 
producto  nativo,  y  no  tiene  que  import ar  materia  prima,  y  en  los  con- 
tratos  que  ha  hecho  para  el  corriente  ano,  espera  usar  lui  aumento  de 
materia  prima  respecto  del  afio  anterior.  Dicha  compafLla  tiene  una 
f&brica  muy  importante  en  General  Vedia,  Distrio  de  Chaco;  adem&s, 
tiene  una  docena  de  molinos  en  Resistencia  y  una  hilanderia  en  Buenos 
Aires,  con  una  capacidad  para  producir  2,000  kilogramos  de  hilaza 
diarios. 

La  cosecha  de  1907  se  calcul6  en  7,000  toneladas  m^tricas,  y  hay 
4,644  hect^reas  cultivadas  que  se  distribuyen  de  la  manera  siguiente: 

Chaco,  3,280  hectareas;  Formosa,  111  hect^reas;  Misiones,  68; 
Corrientes,  495;  Santa  Fe,  275;  Catamarca  22,  y  la  Rioja,  215. 

Las  importaciones  de  algod6n  en  el  afto  de  referencia  se  calculan, 
aproximadamente,  en  52,682  kilogramos,  6  scan  116,143  libras. 

IMPUESTOS  SOBBE  LAS  COMPAlinAS  DE  SBGUBOS. 

Los  impuestos  que  se  recaudaron  en  1905  sobre  las  compafifas  de 
seguros  ascendieron  k  27,030.14  pesos  en  oro,  y  350,792.06  pesos  en 
papel  moneda;  en  1906  se  recaudaron  26,302.87  pesos  en  oro,  y 
461,315.24  pesos  en  papel  moneda,  y  en  1907  se  recaudaron  un  total 
de  623,758.87  en  papel  moneda. 


RKPUBLIOA    ARGENTINA.  637 

EDIFICIOS  CONSTBUtDOS  EN  BXTENOS  ATBES  EN  LOS  SIETE 
,T}LTIMOS  ASoa, 

Segtin  la  estadlstica  publicada  en  el  seminario  intitulado  ''Las  Yen- 
tas,"  el  valor  de  los  edificios^  que  se^construyeron  en  los  siete  tiltimos 
alios  fu6  como  sigue: 


Aflos. 

Pesos  en 
moneda. 

1901 

22,831,824 

1902 

19,403,910 

1903 

21,500,926 

1904 

27,983,602 

1905 

38,812,826 
66,114,120 

1906 

1907 

79,033,833 

EI  adelanto  comenz6  en  1904,  con  irn  aumento  de  un  30  por  ciento 
respecto  de  1903;  en  1905  hubo  un  aumento  de  mds  de  40  por 
ciento  respecto  de  1904;  en  1906  hubo  un  aumento  de  im  48  por 
ciento  respecto  de  1905,  y  en  1907  hubo  un  aumento  de  im  41  por 
ciento  respecto  de  1906.  Desde  1901  hasta  1907  el  aumento  ha 
excedido  de  250  por  ciento. 

EL  CULTIVO  DEL  ABBOZ. 

Al  tener  en  cuenta  la  probabilidad  del  provechoso  cultivo  del 
arroz  en  la  Reptiblica  desde  el  punto  de  vista  comercial,  el  Departa- 
mento  de  Agricultura  de  la  Argentina  calcula  que  la  producci6n  de 
dicho  cereal  en  1907  ascendi6  &  13,000,000  de  kilogramos,  que  se 
cogieron  en  un  Area  total  de  4,352  hect4reas. 

El  ntimero  de  hectdreas  que  se  cultivan  de  arroz  en  las  diferentes 
provincias  es  como  sigue:  Tucum4n,  2,900  hect4reas;  Salta,  440 
hect4reas;  Jujuy,  357  hect4reas;  San  Juan,  275  hect4reas;  Santiago 
del  Estero,  10  hect4reas,  y  Misiones,  370  hect4reas.  El  t6rmino 
medio  de  producci6n  es  como  3,000  kilogramos  por  hect4rea,  que 
ocasionan  un  costo  de  $150  en  moneda  nacional  por  hect4rea.  Como 
quiera  que  el  t^rmino  medio  del  precio  del  arroz  sin  descascarar  es 
de  $9  4  $10  por  cada  100  kilogramos,  resulta  que  el  cultivador  obtiene 
una  buena  ganancia.  Dfcese  que  en  Salta  y  Jujuy  se  obtiene  mayor 
rendimiento  que  en  Tucum4n,  y  que  en  Jujuy  el  costo  de  producci6i\ 
no  excede  de  $135  por  hect4rea,  puesto  que  los  brazos  son  m4s 
baratos  y  el  agua  no  cuesta  nada.  Sin  embargo,  debido  al  hecho  de 
escogerse  ima  semilla  inferior,  se  cree  que  el  arroz  del  pals  es  inferior 
al  import  ado. 

Lfos  datos  estadisticos  relativos  4  las  importaciones  de  arroz 
muestran  que  en  1903  se  importaron  1,681  toneladas  sin  descascarar, 
y  26,035  tondadas  descascaradas;  en  1904  se  importaron  3,912 
toneladas  sin  descascarar  y  24,346  descascaradas;  en  19Q5  ^j^yss^^^-^- 


638    OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAIi  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBIC  ANAS. 

taron  2,159  toneladas  sin  descascarar  y  21,698  descascaradas,  al  paso 
que  en  1906  ambas  clases  de  importaciones  ascendieron,  respect! va 
mente,  4  10,791  y  23,518  toneladas. 

Las  cifras  correspondiente  &  los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907 
muestran  que  se  importaron  12,716  toneladas  de  arroz  sin  descascarar, 
valuadas  en  $254,320,  y  15,415  toneladas  de  arroz  descascarada, 
valuadas  en  $1,233,145. 

El  arroz  sin  descascarar  procede  mayormente  de  las  posesiones 
brit&nicas,  que  en  1906  suministraron  10,197  toneladas,  en  tanto 
que  el  arroz  descascarado  procede  principalmente  de  Italia,  que  en 
1906  suministro  19,600  toneladas. 

El  precitado  Departamento  de  Agricultura  cree  que  el  arroz 
podria  cultivarse  con  provecho  en  la  provincia  de  C6rdoba,  y  que  las 
islas  que  constituyen  la  delta  del  Paranfi,  son  especialmente  propicias 
para  dicho  cultivo. 

Que  en  la  actualidad  se  cobra  un  derecho  de  importaci6n  de  un 
25  por  ciento  sobre  un  valor  arancelario  de  $20  oro  por  tonelada 
por  el  arroz  sin  descascarar,  y  $80  oro  por  tonelada  por  el  arroz 
descascarado. 

PRODUCCldN  DE  AZtfCAB  DE  TUCUMAN  EN  1907. 

gSegtin  los  datos  estadisticos  publicados  por  la  Sociedad  Azucarera, 
en^l907  la  cafla  que  se  moli6  en  los  29  trapiches  de  la  r'rovincia  de 
Tucumdn  ascendi6  k  1,403,817  toneladas,  que  produjeron  91, 150 J 
toneladas  de  azticar.  Las  cifras  correspondientes  k  1905  meustran 
que  se  molieron  1,575,646  toneladas,  que  rindieron  113,745  toneladas 
de  azticar,  6  sea  im  rendimiento  de  un  7.22  por  ciento.  En  1906  se 
molieron  1,671,338  toneladas  de  caud,  que  rindieron  100,745  tonela- 
das de  azucar,  6  sea  un  6  por  ciento,  en  tanto  que  la  proporci6n  del 
rendimiento  de  la  zafra  de  1907  ascendi6  k  un  6.55  i>or  ciento. 

r  ESTADfSTICA  DE  BASTBOS  COBBESPONDIENTE  A  1907. 

Los  varios  rastros  y  establecimientos  de  refrigeraci6n  de  came  de  la 
Reptiblica  Argentina  anuncian  que  en  1907  se  mataron  931,048  cabezas 
de  ganado  vacuno,  2,761,696  cameros,  y  12,261  cerdos.  Se  impor- 
taron 2,900  toros,  3,950  ovejas,  785  caballos,  y  111  asnos.  Del 
ganado  vacuno  importado  fu6  necesario  matar  un  9  por  ciento*  4 
causa  de  la  tuberculosis,  en  tanto  que  de  los  2,997,100  ovejas,  que 
fueron  inspoccionadas  en  Tablada,  se  encontr6  que  habia  45,554  que 
tenian  garrapatas,  y  fueron  rechazadas. 

BENTA   DE   ADUANA   BECAXJDADA  EN   EL   PUEBTO   DE    BT7EN0S 

AIBES  EN  1907. 

La  renta  de  aduana  recaudada  en  Buenos  Aires  eil  1907  ascendi6 
4  ^ii4,968,855  en  pape\  \  %'2,7^2,Q15  en  oro,  6  sea  un  auniento  de 
$943,882  en  comparacum  coiv  \^0^. 


REPUBLICA    ARGENTINA.  639 

LA  COMTTNICACldN  CON  BOLIVIA. 

La  mauguraci6n  del  ferrocarril  que  va  de  Jujuy  &  La  Quiaca,  esta- 
ci6n  terminal  del  Ferrocarril  Central  del  Norte  &  la  frontera  boliviana, 
86  ha  efectuado  en  conformidad  con  el  contrato  que  se  celebr6  en  1903 
entre  el  Gobierno  Argentino  y  los  Sres.  Luis  Stremiz  y  CIa. 

La  Reptiblica  Argentina,  por  virtud  de  un  tratado  con  Bolivia,  ha 
de  construir  por  su  cuenta  una  llnea  de  empalme  desde  la  frontera 
boliviana  hasta  una  de  las  principales  ciudades  de  Bolivia. 

La  longitud  de  la  linea  ferroviaria  de  Jujuy  k  La  Quiaca  es  284  kil6- 
metros,  6  sean  m&s  de  166  millas,  y  el  costo  de  construcci6n  asciende  & 
$6,884,659.  Partiendo  de  Jujuy,  en  un  punto  que  est&  k  1,258  metros 
sobre  el  nivel  del  mar,  el  ferrocarril  asciende  por  el  valle  atravesado 
por  el  Rio  Grande,  el  cual  se  cruza  varias  veces  en  los  34  primeros 
kil6metros.  En  la  expresada  distancia  ha  sido  necesario  construir 
125  alcantarillas  y  puentes  que  varlan  desde  2  &  210  metros,  al 
paso  que  en  una  extensi6n  de  10  kil6metros,  en  la  cual  la  pendiente 
representa  un  60  por  cada  1,000,  el  ferrocarril  se  ha  construldo  con 
arreglo  al  sistema  de  via  de  Abt.  En  esta  secci6n  de  la  via  se  han  de 
emplear  poderosas  locomotoras  que  se  adhieren  &  los  rieles  y  que, 
adem&s  de  la  m&quina  y  tender,  pueden  transportar  un  tren  que  pese 
150  toneladas  k  una  velocidad  de  10  kil6metros  por  hora. 

En  la  estaci6n  de  Punamarca  el  ferrocarril  est&  k  una  elevaci6n  de 
2,208  metros  sobre  el  nivel  del  mar,  y  en  Negra  Muerta,  k  la  entrada 
del  valle,  la  elevaci6n  llega  k  3,343  metros.  En  Tres  Cruces,  que 
queda  k  una  distancia  de  184  kil6metros  de  Jujuy,  se  llega  al  m&ximo 
de  elevaci6n,  que  es  3,690  kil6metros.  Desde  alii  la  linea  comienza  k 
descender  gradualmente  hasta  La  Quiaca,  donde  la  elevaci6n  asciende 
k  3,443  metros  sobre  el  nivel  del  mar. 

El  '^Standard''  de  Buenos  Aires,  al  hacer  comentarios  acerca  de 
diclio  ferrocarril,  pronostica  un  trfi,fico  considerable  de  pasajeros  por 
dicha  linea  k  causa  del  bello  paisaje  de  la  regi6n  que  recorre. 

CONTRIBnCldN  TEKBITOKIAL  T  MATRfCULAS. 

En  1907  la  contribuci6n  territorial  recaudada  en  la  capital  ascen- 
di6  k  10,334,746.98  pesos,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  3,774,322.84  pesos, 
respecto  de  lo  recaudado  en  1906.  La  recaudaci6n  de  contribu- 
ciones  en  los  territorios  nacionales  ascendi6  k  1,121,816.94  pesos, 
contra  472,723.75  pesos  que  se  recaudaron  en  1906. 

La  recaudaci6n  por  concepto  de  matriculas  industrials  en  1906 
ascendi6  k  3,593,114.83  pesos,  en  tanto  que  en  1907  ascendi6  k 
3,936,496.67  pesos,  mostr&ndose  asi  un  notable  aumento. 

En  1907  el  impuesto  sobre  matriculas  en  el  interior  de  la  Repti- 
blica  produjo  342,465.92  pesos,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  16,071.96  pesos 
respecto  de  1906. 


640    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL,  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMBBICAM-AS. 

En  la  recaudaci6n  del  impuesto  sobre  matricxilas  marftimas  se 
advierte  una  pequefia  disminuci6n,  pues  en  1906  ascendi6  &  446,170 
pesos,  en  tanto  que  en  1907  s61o  ascendi6  §l  440,501  pesos. 

Los  recargos  que  se  impusieron  en  1906  produjeron  254,735.55 
pesos,  y  en  1907  produjeron  162,416.29  pesos. 

La  recaudaci6n  total  en  1906  ascendi6  &  11,653,558.29  pesos,  en 
tanto  que  en  1907  ascendi6  &  16,338,448.80  pesos,  mostrdndose  asf 
un  aumento  de  4,684,885.51  pesos  k  favor  de  1907. 

La  venta  de  papel  sellado  en  1907  produjo  9,876,803.40  pesos,  yen 
1906  produjo  9,550,581.60  pesos. 


BOLIVIA. 

COMEBCIO  CON  LOS  ESTADOS  XTNIDOS  EN  1907. 

El  Sr.  Don  Iqnaoio  Calder6n,  Ministro  de  Bolivia  en  W&shington, 
le  animcia  &  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Reptiblicas  Americanas 
que,  segtin  los  informes  consulares  correspondientes  al  afLo  de  1907, 
d  valor  de  las  exportaciones  &  Bolivia  procedentes  de  Nueva  York  y 
San  Francisco,  ascendi6  &  $2,852,460.30.  En  1906  el  valor  de  los 
embarques  semejantes  que  se  hicieron  ascendi6  &  $1,136,603.91,6 
sea  un  aumento  de  $1,715,856.39. 

En  1905  el  valor  de  las  mercancias  exportadas  de  los  precitados 
puertos  con  destino  k  Bolivia  ascendi6  k  $1,720,000,  de  manera  que 
rosulta  un  aumento  de  cerca  de  un  100  por  ciento  en  los  dos  afLos. 

En  1907  el  valor  de  las  mercancias  americanas  exportadas  k  Boli- 
via j^Alo  asoendift  k  $1,502,622,  puesto  que  una  gran  cantidad  de 
mon>ai\olfts  quo  so  dostinaron  tiltimamente  k  Bolivia  entr6  por 
p\iorti>i»  ol\iloni^.     No  so  han  anotado  las  importaciones. 

COMSKCIO  EZTBANJEBO. 

Th>s  principales  puortos  de  la  Reptiblica  son  Villa  Bella,  Puerto 
S\iaiv»  y  Huaqui.  Entro  los  de  menos  importancia  se  encuentran 
l^ierto  Sucre,  Villa  Rica  Puerto  P^rez  y  Sotalaya,  Bahia  6  Cobija, 
Madre  de  Dios,  Puerto  Ballivi4n  y  Rurrenabaque. 

En  la  actualidad  las  aduanas  principales  de  la  Reptiblica  son 
Huaqui,  Oruro,  Uyuni,  Tupiza,  Tarija,  Puerto  Su&rez,  Villa  BeUa, 
Abund,  Madre  de  Dios  y  Bahia.  Entre  las  aduanas  de  segunda  y 
tercera  clase  se  encuentran  las  siguientes:  Corocoro,  Sotalaya, 
Pelechuco,  Itenes,  San  Matias,  Yacuiba,  Salitre,  Rio  Grande,  Salinas 
de  Garcilindoza,  Huaycho,  San  Ignacio  y  la  Gaiba. 

Toda  mercancia,  sea  cual  fuere  su  clase,  deberd  pasar  per  una  de  las 

aduanas  establecidas  para  que  pueda  considerarse  legalmente  intro- 

ducida   en   la   Rep<ib\ica.    Tod^ia  las  mercancias   conocidas   en  el 

comercio   son   admitidas  en  \a  ^e^<i!ci\\c,«u,  e:s.Q«v^\^\i  \\fc^W  de  los 


BOLIVIA.  641 

articulos  cuya  circulaci6n  estd  prohibida  por  las  leyes  penales  y  las  de 
segupidad  y  moral  publicas,  asi  conio  los  que  se  expresan  en  el  regla- 
mento  de  aduanas  y  los  efectos  estancados.  Las  armas  blancas  y  de 
fuego,  asi  como  la  p61vora,  con  excepci6n  de  la  que  se  importa  para 
usarla  en  las  minas,  las  niuniciones,  y  en  general  toda  clase  de  ele- 
mentos  de  guerra,  s61o  pueden  introducirse  con  permiso  expreso  del 
Gobiemo. 

Las  mercancias  extranjeras  que  se  importan  para  el  consumo  de  la 
Reptiblica,  pagan  en  la  aduana  respectiva  los  derechos  fijados  por  el 
arancel,  siendo  libres  las  que  se  detallan  en  el  mismo  arancel  y  las  que 
el  poder  legislativo  declara  exentas  de  derechos. 

Un  50  por  ciento  de  los  derechos  de  aduana  se  paga  en  oro,  al  tipo 
de  12.5  boUvianos  por  Ubra  esterlina.  En  caso  de  pagarse  en  plata, 
el  total  6  una  parte  de  dicho  50  por  ciento,  se  impondrA  un  recargo  de 
un  5  por  ciento.  Las  cantidades  menores  de  12.5  bolivianos  pueden 
abonarse  en  plata,  sin  recargo  alguno. 

En  los  almacenes  de  dep6sito  se  cobran  0.30  de  un  boliviano  por 
cada  100  kilogramos  6  fracci6n  de  ellos. 

Una  vez  que  las  mercancias  se  introducen  en  las  aduanas  de  la 
Reptiblica,  quedaran  exentas  de  todo  otro  impuesto,  4  menos  que  las 
leyes  especiales  y  ordenanzas  municipales  dispongan  lo  contrario. 

Pueden  exportarse  todos  los  productos  del  pais,  ya  sean  en  su 
estado  natural  6  manufacturados,  con  excepci6n  de  las  vicuflas, 
alpacas  y  chinchillas  vivas,  y  las  antigiiedades  bolivianas. 

En  general  estdn  exentos  de  derechos  todos  los  productos  naturales 
y  manufacturados  de  Bolivia,  con  excepci6n  de  los  siguientes: 

BoliviADOS. 

Bismuto  on  barra,  los  46  kilogramos. 10. 0 

Bismuto  en  barrilla,  los  46  kilogramos 8. 0 

Cobre  en  barrilla,  los  46  kilogramos 1.0 

Oro  en  barra  6  en  polvo,  la  onza 2 

Plata  (minerales)  el  marco  fino 08 

Moneda,  sellada  de  oro por  ciento.  -  3 

Goma  eldstica id 8  y  15 

El  estafto  est4  sujeto  &  una  escala  gradual  que  depende  de  su 
cotizaci6n  en  los  mercados  de  Europa.  Por  ejemplo,  si  la  tonelada 
straight  de  barrilla  se  cotiza  d  menos  de  £100  el  quintal,  paga  0.90  de 
boliviano;  si  se  cotiza  k  inks  de  £200  el  quintal,  paga  3.30  cent^simos. 

En  1905  y  1906,  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  6  importaciones  fu6 
respectivamente  como  sigue: 


Exporta-  *  Importa- 
ciones. ciones. 

Bolivianos.   BoHvianoi. 

1905 29,633,046      M^l^^TlV 

1906 ; T«>,^£A,^\^      "JX^Taa.,^^ 


642     OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAIi  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 
VfAS  DE  COMUNICACldN. 

En  agosto  de  1907  la  extensi6n  de  los  ferrocarriles  bolivianbs  en 
explotaci6n  ascendi6  k  674  kil6metros,  distribuidos  como  sig:ue : 

Kil6metros. 

OllagQe  d  Oruro 484 

Uyuni  d  Huanchaca 25 

Huaqui  d  La  Paz 96 

Viacna  d  Ayoayo 59 

Ramales  de  estaa  vfae 10 

Total : 674 

Los  caminos  carreteros  de  la  Repdblica  tienen  una  extensi6n  de 
3,716  kil6metros.  '    i  -.^1 

La  longitud  de  los  rlos  navegables  dentro  del  territorio  boliviano 
asciende  &  18,820  kil6metros,  6  sean  10,156  millas  maritimas. 

OPEBACIONES   DB    LA   GASA   NAGIONAL  DE   MONSDA   DURANTE 
EL  PBIMEB  SEMESTBE  DE  1007. 

Las  operaciones  de  la  Casa  Nacional  de  Moneda  de  la  Reptiblica  de 
Bolivia  durante  el  primer  semestre  de  1907,  fueron  como  se  especifica 
&  continuaci6n :  Rescates,  341  kilogramos  y  500  gramos,  valorados  en 
15,657.53  bolivianos;  gastos  de  material,  2,043.14  bolivianos;  amone- 
daci6n,  1,124  kilogramos  y  125  gramos,  6  sean  48,943.05  bolivianos. 
Estas  cifras  ban  sido  tomadas  de  una  nota  publicada  en  la  *'Revista 
de  Colonizaci6n  y  Agricultural  del  mes  de  septiembre  de  1907. 

BEDUCCldN  DEL  INTEBl^S   SOBBE   LAS  MATBf CT7LAS   MIKE&AS. 

El  dia  16  de  diciembre  de  1907,  el  Presidente  Ismael  Moxtes  pro- 
mulg6  el  siguiente  decreto : 

''ARxfcuLO  UNico.  Se  reduce  el  interns  de  las  matriculas  mineras 
devengadas,  al  9  por  ciento  anual,  quedando  asi  modificada  la  ley  de 
26  de  octubre  de  1890,  y  el  articulo  69  del  Reglamento  de  Mineria  de 
28  de  octubre  de  1882.'' 

PBODUCCldN  ]fi  INDUSTBLA.. 

La  superficie  territorial  de  Bolivia  se  calcula  en  156,824,111  hec- 
t^reas,  y  descontando  el  30  por  ciento  que  se  supone  ocupada  por 
bosques,  rios,  lagos,  ciudades,  poblaciones,  Cordilleras,  etc.,  resultan 
mks  de  90,000,000  de  hect&reas  que  pueden  dedicarse  k  la  agricultura 
y  la  ganaderia,  industrias  que  podrian  dar  ocupacion  k  25,000,000  6 
30,000,000  de  habitantes. 

Como  no  existcn  datos  estadisticos  exactos,  resulta  diflcil  calcular 
la  produccion  agricola  dc  la  Republica.  Todo  lo  que  en  este  sentido 
se  produce,  se  consagra  al  consumo  dom&tico,  excepci6n  hecha  de  la 
goma  eldstica  que  se  exporta.6,  Europa,  y  pequenas  cantidades  de 
coca,  caf6,  quina,  etc.,  que  se  consumen  en  Chile  y  la  Republica 
Arg'entina. 


BOLIVIA.  643 

Las  regiones  que  m6s  goma  eldstica  producen  se  hallan  en  el  Terri- 
torio  Xacional  de  Colonias,  los  Departamentos  del  Beni  y  Santa  Cruz, 
y  una  parte  de  los  de  La  Paz  y  Cochabamba.  Tanto  la  coca  como  el 
chU  se  producen  en  los  Yungas  de  la  Paz  y  Cochabamba.  El  BenI 
y  Santa  Cruz  tambi6n  producen  caf6  y  otros  productos  vegetales 
valiosos. 

La  goma  el^tica,  cuya  explotaci6n  constituye  en  la  actualidad  ima 
de  las  fuentes  m&s  importantes  y  seguras  de  riqueza  de  la  industria 
nacional,  estd  considerada  como  el  producto  vegetal  m&s  valioso,  asi 
en  la  Repiiblica  como  en  el  extranjero. 

En  todo  el  territorio  de  la  Republica  se  calcula  que  los  terrenos 
baldios  ascienden  &  635,000  kil6metros  cuadrados. 

La  propiedad  de  los  terrenos  baldios  del  Estado  se  adquiere  por 
medio  de  compra,  salvo  en  los  casos  de  adquisiciones  con  arreglo  & 
leyes  especiales,  y  la  unidad  de  medida  para  toda  adquisici6n  es  10,000 
metros,  cuadrados,  equivalentes  k  2.471  acres. 

En  cada  capital  de  Departamento  y  de  Provincia  existe  una  junta 
de  fomento  agricola  y  ganadero,  que  tiene  por  objeto  estimular  las 
industrias  agricola  y  pecuaria  del  pals,  y  cuyas  atribuciones  est&n 
sujetas  k  un  reglamento  especial. 

En  Bolivia  abundan  mucho  las  minas  ricas,  y  6stas  comprenden 
casi  todos  los  minerales  conocidos  en  el  mundo. 

En  las  montafias  de  Bolivia  se  encuentran  grandes  vetas  de  pre- 
ciosos  metales,  que  constituyen  variadlsimas  combinaciones,  y  la 
explotaci6n  se  verifica  en  gran  escala.  Sin  embargo,  debido  &  la 
gran  escasez  de  brazos,  capitales,  y  vias  ferreas,  no  puede  hacerse  una 
explotaci6n  completa  y  en  debida  forma.  A  pesar  de  estos  incon- 
venientes,  puede  decirse  que  la  industria  minera  en  Bolivia  est&  k  la 
altura  de  los  adelantos  mds  modemos,  y  que  cuenta  con  el  mejor  pe6n 
de  minas  de  la  America  del  Sur.     • 

Ha  dicho  un  autor  que  desde  el  punto  de  vista  minero,  Bolivia  nada 
tiene  que  envidiar  d  las  otras  naciones.  Los  yacimientos  de  cobre  de 
Corocoro,  y  las  minas  de  eatafto  y  de  bismuto,  se  consideran  entre  los 
m4s  ricos  del  mundo. 

A  continuaci6n  se  mencionan  los  minerales  que  en  la  actualidad  se 
explotan  en  mayor  escala. 

En  Bolivia  hay  tres  regiones  auriferas  que  contienen  oro  en  abun- 
dancia.  La  primera  regi6n  se  extiende  desde  los  confines  occiden- 
tales  de  la  Repiiblica  en  la  cuenca  del  Inambary,  hasta  la  frontera 
oriental  en  el  Alto  Paraguay.  Comprende  esta  regi6n  toda  ia  zona 
montanosa  de  las  Provincias  de  Caupolic^n,  Munecas,  Larecaja,  el 
Cercodo,  Yungas,  Inquisivi  y  I^oayza  del  Departmento  de  La  Paz, 
contimiando  por  el  Departamento  de  Cochabamba  y  se  prolonga  por 
Santa  Cruz.  Tambi^n  los  afamados  lavaderos  del  Rio  San  Juan  del 
Oto,  Suches,  Tipuani,  Los  Cajones  y  Chuc\vi\«L^\V\o*,  \«^  mvsssva.  ^^ 


644    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAIi  DE   LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAKAS. 

Araca,  Yani,  Cavari,  Ayopaya,  Arque,  San  Simon,  San  Javier,  Soro- 
toco  de  Chiquitos,  y  otras  que  pertenecen  &  esta  distribuci6n. 

La  segimda  regi6n  comienza  en  Lipez,  continua  por  la  parte  sur  de 
las  Provincias  de  Chayauta,  Surchichas,  Departamento  de  Pososi, 
M6ndez  en  Tarija,  Cinti  y  Acero  en  Chuquisacal  hasta  Santa  Cruz 
En  esta  regi6n  est^n  los  yacimientos  y  placeres  de  Amayapampa. 
Suipacha,  Esmoraca,  Chuquichuqui,  Rio  San  Juan  y  afluentes  del 
Guapay. 

La  tercera  regi6n,  acaso  la  m^  rica  de  todas,  no  se  est4  explotando, 
pero  se  extiende  hacia  el  noroeste  de  la  Reptiblica  hasta  Corabaya, 
en  el  Perti,  con  las  nacientes  del  Madre  de  Dios  y  el  Acre  y  Purtis. 

Desde  1540  hasta  1759,  es  decir,  en  doscientos  veinte  anos,  las 
minas  de  oro  de  Bolivia  han  producido  £420,000,000.  De  entonc^s 
hasta  principios  del  siglo  d^cimonono  las  minas  y  lavaderos  de  las 
provincias  de  Larecaja  y  Caupolicta  han  producido  $14,000,000  oro, 
y  desde  1818  hasta  1878  produjeron  150,776  onzas.  Se  calculs 
que  el  producto  de  las  otras  minas  y  lavaderos  de  la  naci6n  desde 
mediados  del  siglo  d^cimoctavo  hasta  fines  del  dficimonono  ascendi6 
k  £25,000,000.  En  vista  de  los  datos  que  se  han  obtenido  sobre  U 
materia,  la  produccion  de  oro  en  Bolivia  en  un  afio  puede  calcularse 
aproximadamente  en  550  kilogramos,  cuyo  valor  oficial  asciende  k 
275,000  bolivianos.  ,  La  plata  es  un  metal  que  abunda  en  casi  todo  el 
territorio  de  la  Republica,  y  ha  hecho  c61ebre  el  Cerro  de  Potosi  en  el 
cual,  de  1556  hasta  1651,  le  produjo  3,240,000  de  pesos  k  la  Corona 
Espafiola,  tSnicamente  de  derechos  de  quinto.  Sabido  es  que  Bolivia 
ha  ocupado  dm-ante  mucho  tiempo  el  tercer  lugar  entre  los  palses 
productores  de  plata. 

La  regi6n  occidental  es  la  mds  favorecida,  y  sobre  las  zonas  auri- 
feras  de  la  Alta  Planicie,  que  constituye  la  base  del  inmenso  piano 
hacia  el  norte,  el  sm*  y  el  este,  los  minerales  de  plata  ocupan  la  parte 
superior  y  coronan  las  cumbres  de  las  serranlas  andinas  de  occidente 
k  oriente. 

En  toda  la  Republica  hay  mds  de  10,000  minas  de  plata  abando- 
nadas,  sin  contar  muchlsimas  que  se  estdn  explotando.  Las  primeras 
se  han  dejado  de  explotar,  no  por  agotamiento,  ni  deficiencia  del 
metal,  sino  por  falta  de  capital  6  de  medios  adecuados  para  efectuar 
la  extracci6n  del  agua  y  por  otros  inconvenientes. 

El  Departamento  de  Potosi  es  el  m6s  rico  y  abundante  en  minas 
de  plata,  y  en  61  se  encuentran  los  famosos  asientos  de  Huanchaca, 
Aullagas,  Colquechaca,  Ocm-I,  Porco,  Guadalupe,  Portugalete,  Car- 
guaicollo,  Chorolque,  Tomave  y  Lipez,  sin  contar  otras  empresas  de 
importancia  que  hacen  la  explotaci6n  en  el  Cerro  de  Potosi,  ^Vndacaba, 
Chachacomani,  Tm-qui,  Uncia  y  otros  lugares. 

En  el  Departamento  de  Orm-o  son  dignas  de  menci6n  las  minas  de 
Oruro,  San  Jos6,  Antequera  y  Otras;  en  el  de  Chuquisaca,  las  de  San 


BOLIVIA.  645 

Lucas,  Huata  y  Pojo;  en  el  de  Cochabamba,  las  de  'Arque  y  Cho- 
quecamata,  y  en  el  Departamento  de  La  JPaz,  las  de  Colquiri.  Los 
minerales  mis  ricos  jrinden  k  raz6n  |dej  8,000  marcos  por  caj6n,  j6 
sean  50  quintales  espafLoles. 

La  riqueza  estaiilfera  de  Bolivia  es  asombrosa,  y  lo  que  retarda  su 
desarroUo  es  la  falta  de  capital,  dejcaminos  de  hierro  y  carreteros 
que  den  fdcil  salida  hacia  los  mares  k  los  productos  beneficiados. 

Este  mineral  se  encuentra  con  mucha  frecuencia  en  la  faja  oriental 
de  la  Alta  Planicie,  desde  las  cercanias  del  Lago  Titicaca  hasta  cerca 
de  la  frontera  meridional  de  la  Republica.  El  lugar  mds  conocido 
hacia  el  norte  es  Moho,  en  la  provincia  peruana  de  Huancan6,  en  el 
limite  noroeste  del  Titicaca;  Milluni,  en  el  Huayna  PotosI,  Quime, 
Colquiri  y  toda  la  Provincia  de  Inquisivi,  Oruro  y  alrededores,  Cerro 
del  Le6n,  y  Avicaya,  Provincia  de  Poop6,  Chayanta,  PotosI,  Porco 
Tazna,  Chorolque,  Chocaya  y  Catagaita. 

Los  distritos  productores  de  estafio  se  dividen  en  cuatro,  k  saber: 
La  Paz,  al  norte;  Oruro,  en  el  centro;  Chorolque,  en  el  sur,  y  Potosi, 
en  el  este. 

Bolivia  ocupa  el  primer  puesto  entre  los  pafses  productores  de 
bismuto.  Como  el  bismuto  y  el  estafio  tienen  estrechas  afinidades  de 
yacimiento  y  con  frecuencia  se  encuentran  mezclados,  se  encuentran 
en  los  mismos  lugares  en  la  parte  oriental  de  los  Andes  hasta  el  nudo 
de  Apolobamba,  y  en  Palca,  Chacaltaya,  HuajTia  Potosf,  Sorata,  etc. 
Tambifin  se  encuentra  en  las  cordilleras  del  Chorolque  y  Tazna. 

No  es  exagerado  decir  que  de  las  riquezas  mineral6gicas  de  Bolivia 
el  cobre  representa  una  de  las  mAs  importantes,  as!  por  su  abundancia 
como  por  su  ley.  Las  formaciones  cuprlferas  se  encuentran  princi- 
palmente  en  la  cadena  oriental  de  los  Andes  desde  Lfpez,  donde  se 
encuentra  el  cobre  bianco,  Porco,  Chayanta  en  el  Departamento  de 
Potosi  en  Arqui,  y  Colcha  en  el  de  Cochabamba,  extendi6ndose  por 
Turco,  Poop6  y  Oruro,  y  entonces  se  dirige  al  noroeste  hacia  Corocoro 
y  pasa  por  la  Chacarilla.  Desde  Corocoro  se  extiende  por  la  provincia 
de  Omasuyos,  Muftecas  y  Caupolicdn,  hasta  los  linderos  del  Pert!  por 
el  nudo  de  Apolobamba.  El  asiento  minero  de  Corocoro  es,  sin  duda, 
el  m6s  rico  de  todos  y  donde  se  hace  una  explotaci6n  mis  activa. 

Estos  cinco  minerales,  k  saber,  el  oro,  plata,  estafio,  bismuto  y 
cobre,  constituyen  principalmente  la  riqueza  minera  de  Bolivia,  por 
m&s  que  se  producen  otras  substancias  como  el  wolfram,  antimonio, 
plomo,  borato  de  cal,  etc. 

Las  leyes  de  minas  de  Bolivia  favorecen  mucho   al  capitalista 
extranjero,  pues  6ste  goza  de  toda  clase  de  facilidades  para  llevar  & 
cabo  la  explotaci6n  de  minas.     Los  extranjeros,  sea  cual  fuere  su 
nacionalidad,  pueden  adquirir  pertenencias  mineras  en  condicio 
iguales  &  las  de  los  hijos  del  pais.     Toda  maquinaria  que  se  ( 
la  industria  minera,  asi  como  k  la  agrfcola,  se  introduce 


646    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAIi  DE   LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICA^AS. 

derechos,  siendo  tambifin  libre  la  exportaci6n  de  minerales,  con  excep- 
ci6n  del  cobre,  estafio,  plata,  oro  y  bismuto,  que  estd.n  sujetos  k 
pequefios  impuestos. 

Todo  individuo,  nacional  6  extranjero,  que  disfrute  de  los  derechos 
civiles,  puede  obtener  una  6  mds  pertenencias,  por  una  sola  concesi6n. 
en  minerales  conocidos,  y  30  pertenencias  en  minerales  reci^n  des- 
cubiertas.     Una  pertenencia  comprende  100  metres  cuadrados. 

Para  obtener  la  concesi6n  de  una  6  m&s  pertenencias,  es  necesario 
presentar  una  solicitud  ante  el  prefecto  6  delegado,  en  papel  sellado  de 
20  bolivianos,  y  por  cada  pertenencia  se  pagar&  k  raz6n  de  2  bolivianos 
semestralmente  si  la  mina  es  de  veta,  y  I  boliviano  si  es  lavadero  6 
venero. 

En  dicha  solicitud  se  expresarfi,  lo  siguiente:  1**,  nombre,  domicilio  y 
profesi6n  del  solicitante;  2^,  nombre  que  se  dard  &  la  concesi6n;  3^ 
lugar  de  la  perteneiicia,  determintodose  la  direcci6n  y  distancia  en  que 
se  halla  de  otro  punto  fijo;  4^,  ntimero  de  pertenencias;  5°,  ubicaci6n 
minora  de  las  pertenencias,  exprestodose  si  se  conoce  como  tal,  6  si  es 
una  comarca  recifin  descubierta;  6*^,  los  nombres  de  los  mineros 
colindantes,  si  los  hubiere,  y  7^,  el  nombre  del  propietario  del  terreno 
si  6ste  fuere  del  dominio  particular. 

Las  minas  pueden  explotarse  libremente  con  tal  que  los  empresarios 
cumplan  la  ley  de  policia  minera,  cuidando  sobre  todo  de  que  tanto  U 
vida  como  la  salud  de  los  trabaj  adores  no  se  pongan  en  peligro,  ni  se 
perturbe  el  orden  ptiblico. 

Los  jomales  que  se  pagan  son  m6s  6  menos  como  sigue:  A  los 
barreteros,  de  3  ^  4  bolivianos  diarios;  tomeros,  2  6  3  bolivianos 
diarios;  cargadores,  changadores,  etc.,  de  1  &  2  bolivianos  segiin 
pericia. 

DATOS  ESTADfSTICOS. 

El  Pdeseptiembre  de  1906,  la  Reptiblica  tenia  1,953,916  habitantes, 
tomando  por  base  el  censo  de  1900. 

Las  rentas  de  la  Reptiblica  se  dividen  en  nacionales,  departa- 
mentales  y  municipales.  Las  primeras  consisten  en  el  producto  de 
las  aduanas,  derechos  de  exportaci6n,  impuestos  sobre  sociedades 
an6nimas  y  empresas  mineras,  facturas  consulares,  hipotecas,  marcas 
de  fabrica,  patentes  mineras,  papel  sellado  y  timbres,  acufiaci6n  de 
monedas,  tel6grafos  del  Estado,  venta  de  terrenos  baldios,  casillas  y 
sellos  de  correos,  grades  universitarios,  etc. 

Se  calcula  que  las  segundas  en  el  corriente  ano  de  1907  asoende- 
r^n  k  13,583,333  bolivianos  (£1,806,667),  y  los  gastos  se  calculan  en 
14,614,288  bolivianos  (£1,169,143). 

En  estos  ultimos  afios  la  renta  nacional  haobtenido  un  aumento,  c<m 
motivo  de  las  indemnizaciones  brasilefia  y  chilena  que  ascienden 
pr6ximamente  k  £2,a00,000  (>  *1%,1^^,^^^  \io\\-na3\oa,  suma  que  se 
destineiTk  exclusivamenle  k\a  e,o\i^\xuQ.^\(ixv  ^^  l^xx^^wr^fcs.. 


BRA8IL.  647 

Bolivia  no  pertenece  todavla  k  la  Uni6n  Telegrdfica  Universal,  y 
sua  relaciones  con  los  dem^s  palses  las  rige  y  determina  6nicamente  el 
interns  reclproco.  Sin  embargo  ha  celebrado  convenios  y  tratados 
con  varias  naciones  de  America  y  con  compafilas  particulares  para 
facilitar  y  garantizar  este  servicio. 


BRASIL. 

APBOBACldN  DE  LA  CONVENCldN  SANITABIA. 

Por  un  decreto  de  9  de  enero  de  1908,  el  Congreso  Brasilefio  aprob6 
la  resoluci6n  que  fu6  firmada  en  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Panamericana, 
adliiri^ndose  k  la  Convenci6n  Sanitaria  Intemacional  de  Washington. 

COMEBGIO  EXTBANJEBO  EN  ONCE  MESES  DE  1907. 

En  los  once  meses  transcurridos  de  enero  k  noviembre  del  alio 
com6n  de  1907,  el  valor  total  de  las  importaciones  que  hizo  el  Brasil 
ascendi6  k  $183,000,000,  en  comparaci6n  con  $146,000,000  en  1906. 

El  valor  de  las  exportaciones  en  los  dos  periodos  comparados  fu6 
$252,000,000  y  $238,000,000,  respectivamente. 

El  caf6  y  la  goma  en  la  lista  de  exportaciones  representan  un  valor 
de  mks  de  $192,000,000,  es  decir,  $131,000,000  y  $61,000,000  respec- 
tivamente. 

EXPOBTACIONES  DE  CAFt  DE  1900  A  1907. 

La  siguiente  tabla  muestra  las  exportaciones  de  cafe  brasilefio 
durante  el  periodo  transcurrido  de  1900  k  1907 : 


Afios. 


1900 6,849,114 

1901 9,613,080 

1902 8,714,182 

1903 7,994,395 

1904 6,571,509 

1906 1  7,453,752 

1906 ;  10,166,257 

1907 j  11,470,116 


Sacos. 


ESTADfSTICA  DE  DEFUNCIONES  EN  BfO  DE  JANEIBO. 

Segfin  las  cifras  proporcionadas  por  la  Junta  de  Sanidad  de  Rfo  de 
Janeiro,  en  1907  hubo  una  notable  disminuci6n  en  la  mortalidad  de 
dicha  ciudad,  k  pesar  de  haber  habido  un  aumento  considerable  en 
supoblaci6n.  La  mortalidad  de  1906  y  1907  hi6  13,960  y  12,106, 
respectivamente. 

EL  CAfiTAMO  BBASILEfiTO. 

El  Listituto  Agron6mico  del  Estado  de  San  Pablo  llama  la  atenci6n 
hacia  una  nueva  fibra  que  se  extrae  de  una  planta  deno^^vAsA'^ 
hebisco,  que  ha  cultivado  el  Dr.  Victouio  X.  T>E.YTLiBL\^\^TL\^^j.^V^^^fc^^ 


648    OFICINA  INTERN ACIONAIi  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBIGANAS. 

Rodeio,  y  que,  segun  dicho  institute,  crece  esponttoeamente  en  los 
Estados  del  Norte  bafiados  por  el  Rio  San  Francisco,  donde  dicha 
planta  se  conoce  por  Papaoula  do  San  Francisco  y  Papaoula  de  Rio 
Abaixo.  El  director  del  Institute  Agron6mico  de  Campinas  ha  hecho 
un  informe  que  contiene  los  siguientes  datos: 

El  Doctor  Pebini  envi6  al  precitado  institute  para  su  debido 
an^lisis  una  muestra  de  fibra  que  pesaba  como  20  gramos,  y  la  estopa 
€orrespondiente  que  pesaba  4.5  gramos.  Dice  el  Doctor  que  la 
muestra  de  referencia  es  de  una  calidad  regular,  pero  debe  hacerse 
€onstar  que  el  procedimiento  que  61  adopt6  no  di6  fibras  mucho  m6s 
fuertes  que  las  que  se  obtuvieron  en  el  institute  en  los  experimentos 
que  se  hdcieren  encaminades  fi,  extraer  la  fibra  en  agua  estancada  y 
agua  cerriente. 

El  Gobierno  ha  hecho  ima  concesi6n  ^  ima  compania  particular 
para  la  explotaci6n  de  dicha  planta,  y  el  presidente  del  Estado  de 
Rio  de  Janeiro  ha  concedido  una  subvenci6n  anual  de  30  contos  de 
reis,  durante  cuatro  afios,  para  una  f^brica  de  tejidos  de  dicho  lino, 
papel  y  cuerdas,  que  se  establecerfi,  en  el  Estado  de  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

LAS  OBBAS  DEL  PTJEBTO  EN  PEBNAMBUCO. 

El  Ministerio  de  Industria,  Ferrocarriles  y  Obras  Ptiblicas  del  Brasil 
ha  publicado  un  Uamamiento  para  obtener  propuestas  para  la  cons- 
trucci6n  de  las  obras  de  puerto  en  Recife,  Estado  de  Pemambuco,  en 
conformidad  con  im  plan  que  fu6  aprobado  por  el  decreto  de  4  de 
noviembre  de  1907.  Las  propuestas  para  dichas  obras  se  recibir&n 
hasta  el  medio  dla  del  26  de  marzo  de  1908. 

Las  descripciones  detalladas  y  el  pliego  de  condiciones  comprenden 
la  construcci6n  de  un  malec6n  que  tenga  1,147  metros  de  longitud  y 
una  profundidad  de  9  metros  bajo  el  nivel  del  agua,  en  marea  baja; 
un  dique  que  tenga  798  metros  de  longitud;  muelles  para  atracar. 
cargar  y  descargar  buques,  levantar  y  nivelar  una  antigua  pared  que 
fu6  construida  en  los  arrecifes;  dragar  en  general  la  bahia  hasta  ima 
profundidad  de  9  metros  m&s  abajo  de  la  marea  baja  en  la  entrada 
del  puerto,"y  de  8  metros  hacia  el  sur  de  los  muelles;  rellenar  el  espacio 
que  hay  entre  los  nuevos  muelles  y  la  ribera  actual,  extraer  las  roca^ 
que  obstruyen  la  entrada  en  la  bahia;  construir  siete  almacenes  de 
dep6sito  y  una  linea  de  ferrocarril  que  tenga  1  metro  de  entrevia  en 
los  muelles;  lineas  para  grtias  elfictricas  y  el  empedrado  y  desague  de 
las  calles. 

El  precio  estipulado  para  la  construcci6n  de  dichas  obras  no  ha  de 
exceder  de  49,411 :  671,  6  sea  $16,305,850,  y  se  conceden  eeis  afios  para 
terminarlas,  incluso  un  afio,  &  contar  de  la  fecha  del  contrato,  para  la 
instalaci6n  de  la  maquinaria  que  se  requiera  para  comenzar  los  tra- 
bajos  propiamente  dichos. 


SENOR  ORAL.  ALFREDO  VASQUEZ  COBO,   EX-MINISTRO  DE  RELACIONES   EXTERIORES  DE 
COLOMBIA,  OFICIAL  DE  LA  LEGI6N   DE   HONOR. 

(it'iu'ral  Alfr('(l(»  ViV'^ni'  /.  Cobo.  cx-Mini>tt'r  of  Foreign  Kclations  of  Colombia.  orticiTof  ihv  Ix-tfinn 

of  Honor. 


COLOMBIA.  649 

La  ^^Revista  Brasilefia"  correspondiente  al  14  de  enero  de  1908, 
publica  el  texto  integro  de  las  descripciones  detalladas,  los  pianos  y 
pliego  de  condiciones. 

EL  COMEBCIO  DE  SANTOS  EN  100,7. 

El  valor  de  las  exportaciones  que  se  hicieron  por  el  puerto  de 
Santos  en  1907,  ascendi6  &  $107,000,000,  y  el  de  las  importaciones 
que  se  hicieron  por  el  mismo  puerto  ascendi6  k  $42,000,000,  en  com- 
paraci6n  con  $101,000,000,  valor  de  las  exportaciones  y  $32,000,000, 
valor  de  las  importaciones  el  afio  anterior. 

Los  principales  artlculos  de  importaci6n  fueron  efectos  de  hierro 
y  acero,  substancias  alimenticias  y  tejidos,  en  tanto  que  la  mayor 
parte  de  las  exportaciones  consisti6  de  caf6,  repTesentando  el  afrecho, 
los  cueros  y  la  goma  nada  m&s  que  una  pequefia  proporci6n  del  valor 
total  de  las  exportaciones. 

BENTA  DE  ADUANA  EN  PABA  EN  1007. 

El  Vista  de  aduana  de  Pard  anuncia  que  en  1907  la  renta  de  aduana 
de  dicho  puerto  brasilefio,  ascendi6  &  9,373: 600$794  oro  y  22,575: 310- 
S099  en  papel  moneda. 


COLOMBIA. 

NTJEVO  QABINETE. 

El  10  de  marzo  de  1908  fu6  nombrado  el  siguiente  Gabinete: 
Ministro  de  Gobemaci6n,  Sefior  Don  Francisco  Jose  Urrutia; 
Ministro  de  Reiaciones  Exteriores,  Sefior  Don  Marcelino  Vargas; 
Ministro  de  Hacienda  y  Tesoro,  Sefior  Don  Ricardo  Restrepg; 
Ministro  de  la  Guerra,  General  Victor  Calder6n;  Ministro  de  Ins- 
trucci6n  P6blica,  Sefior  Don  Emiliano  Isaza,  y  Ministro  de  Obras 
Pflblicas,  Sefior  Don  Jos6  Mar! a  Ruiz. 

COMEBCIO  DE  CABTAQENA  EN  1907. 

Los  datos  que  el  Sr.  I.  A.  Manning,  C6nsul  de  los  Estados  Unidos, 
le  ha  proporcionado  k  la  Oficina  Intemacional  de  las  Reptiblicas 
Americanas,  muestran  un  aumento  en  los  embarques  de  los  princi- 
pales productos  de  exportaci6n  de  Colombia  hechos  por  el  puerto  de 
Cartagena  en  el  afio  de  1907,  en  comparaci6n  con  los  que  se  hicieron 
en  1906. 

En  los  embarques  de  caf6  hubo  un  aumento  de  3,988,647  kilo- 
gramos;  en  los  de  tabaco  hubo  un  aumento  de  2,267,151  kilogramos; 


650    OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAIi  DB  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMEBICANAS. 


en  los  de  marfil  vegetal  hubo  un  aumento  de  1,968,816  kilogramos,  r 
en  los  de  goma  hubo  un  aumento  de  20,052  kilogramos. 

[Expresado  en  kilogramos.] 


Estados  Tfnidos. 

Relno  Unido. 

Alemania. 

^™^«*-  !  ^ 

1906. 

1907. 

1906.    i      1907. 

1 

783,511  1 1,346, 662 

1906. 

1907.         1906.    i    1907.    |  1906.    MOT. 

1 

Caf^ 14,432,603 

Tabaco 

7,404,329 

.740,711 
1,713,660 

1,119,299 

3,980,811 

3,422,964 

36,362 

31,344     68,472  '9,695  47, 7« 

Marfll  vegetal. 
Ooma 

7,528 
86,399 

440,772    !      53,031 

86,569     72,787  |      77,360 

1,862,574 
40,751 

59i,43«   505,589L:;'.!."".. 
33,943     43,750    9,901 

Las  importaciones  hechas  por  Cartagena  en  los  afLos  que  ter- 
minaron  el  30  de  junio  de  1906  y  de  1907,  muestran  el  siguiente 
valor  de  los  articulos'procedentes  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  de  otros 
palses,  considerados  en  conjunto. 

[Expresado  en  kilogramos.] 


£stadOH  UnidOB. 


1S06. 


lOOT. 


He  todOfl  Io«  pifiM 


1905. 


WflC, 


Moqisljmrfjip  excepto  mAqoin&B  de  coser. 

libroa  IniprfMOs . , . ,  „ ,„„.,,__..,. 

Artlcdloe  en  lata . . » . , 

CeznentD, .  ..„..„ .,... , . 

Drogan  y  niedlcinaB ,. 

HarToK  rle  trlgo .  „ , .  ,^ . . , . , . 

M^ulmLa  do  coser 

Petrtileo „_„,..,„ ...,.,..,,. 

SubstanclaA  uUxnentlclaa  prepaiadas 

Arro£ ,,„„„.„„,..„..,.,.,.,.,... 

Sebo, . ... .....,,.., - 

Uantftca , , , ..,,.,.,.._. 

Aliunbre  de  cftira.,., . . , ., . . 


l^fiia 
S,33S 
61,411 

950,019 

l,4>75,5a6 

22,70Cl 

1,^41,811 


7^,779 
491,946 


23,211 


125,075 

t)^.330 

..231).  225 

2S,tioa 

,^24B,6U 

431,058 
641,017 


ijm» 

413. 5» 
573,97 
S7,«2 

2^407/001 


«2»«S 


PAGO  DE  SUBVENCIONES  A  LAS   COMPAJinAS  DE  VAPORES  DSL 

BlO   MAODALENA. 

En  su  sesion  del  5  de  diciembre  de  1907,  el  Consejo  de  Mini.stros  de 
la  Reptiblica  de  Colombia  acord6  que  se  dicte  un  decreto  destinando 
la  suma  de  $120,000  anuales  para  atonder  con  ella  al  pago  de  las 
subvenciones  que  se  asignan  k  las  compaiiias  de  vapores  del  Kio  ilag- 
dalena  que  establezcan  sus  tarifas  de  exportacion  de  acuenlo  con  el 
Gobierno. 

PRIMAS  DE  EXPORTACldN. 

En  la  misma  sesion  so  acordo  tainbien  que  se  destine  la  suma  de 
$30,000  anuales  para  cubrir  el  valor  de  las  primas  que  se  concedan 
k  productores  que  exporten  sus  articiilos  por  las  aduanas  de  Tumaco, 
Buenaventura  y  Ciicuta.  Estas  primas  se  amortizar^n  totalmente 
cada  afio  por  remates  con  la  moncionada  suma. 

CANJE  DE  LAS  BATIFICACIONES  DEL  TBATADO  DE  AJOSTAD. 
COMERCIO  Y  NAVEGACldN  CON  EL  ECUADOR. 

El  ''Boletin  del  Ministorio  do  Uolacionos  Extorioros"  de  Colombia, 
publica  on  su  numorodo  enoro  de  1908,  ol  toxtodel  Tratado  de  Aniistad, 
Comercio  y  Navegaci6n  entro  dicha   Repilblica  y  la  del   Ecuador 


COLOMBIA.  661 

suscrito  el  10  de  agosto  de  1905,  y  cuyo  canje  de  ratificaciones  fu6 
efectuado  en  la  ciudad  de  Quito  el  24  de  octubre  de  1907.  La  im- 
portancia  de  este  tratado  es  notoria,  trat&ndose  de  dos  Reptiblicas 
que  viven  en  comunicaci6n  tan  estrecha.  La  colonia  colombiana  en 
el  Ecuador  excede  de  40,000  colombianos  y  eran  frecuentes  los  casos 
diffciles  de  resolver  que  se  presentaban  en  la  esfera  del  Derecho 
Intemacional  privado.  Este  convenio,  uno  de  los  m&s  completos 
que  se  han  celebrado  en  el  eontinente  americano,  contiene  dispo- 
siciones  de  grande  importancia.  Por  el  articulo  1  se  conviene  que 
habrfi,  paz  y  perpetua  amistad  entre  las  dos  Reptiblicas.  En  el 
articulo  2  se  estipula  la  extradici6n  de  criminales.  Las  dos  Kepil- 
blicas  se  comprometen  en  el  articulo  3,  k  no  apelar  al  recurso  de  las 
armas,  caso  de  interrumpirse  las  relaciones  de  amistad  entre  ellas, 
hasta  no  haberse  Ugotado  todos  los  medios  amistosos  para  ajustar  las 
diferencias  que  se  suscitaren  y  hasta  que  se  niegue  expresamente  la 
debida  satisfacci6n  despu6s  de  que  una  potencia  amiga  y  neutral 
designada  como  Arbitro  haya  decidido  sobre  la  justicia  de  la  demanda. 
El  articulo  4  dispone  que  habr&  reciproca  libertad  de  comercio  y 
navegaci6n  entre  los  dos  paises. 

En  virtud  del  articulo  5  los  buques  colombianos  que  arriben  & 
los  puertos  del  Ecuador  y,  reciprocamente,  los  buques  ecuatorianos 
que  arriben  6,  los  puertos  de  Colombia,  ser4n  considerados  como 
buques  nacionales  para  el  cobro  de  los  derechos  de  puerto.  En  los 
articulos  6  y  8  al  11,  se  establecen  mutuas  franquicias  aduaneras 
para  los  ef ectos  y  mercaderias  que  se  importen  6  exporten  en  buques 
de  los  paises  contratantes,  y  para  los  productos  naturales  y  manu- 
facturados  de  ambas  Repiiblicas.  Por  el  articulo  7  se  tendr&n  como 
buques  nacionales  de  una  u  otra  parte,  todos  los  que  est^n  pro- 
vistos  de  patente  expedida  conforme  &,  las  leyes  del  pais.  Segdn  el 
articulo  12,  las  iraportaciones  de  naciones  extranjeras  pagardn  los 
derechos  correspondientes  conforme  &,  la  tarifa  general.  El  articulo 
13  dispone  que  cuando  algtin  buque  de  guerra  6  mercante  de  una 
de  las  partes  contratantes  naufrague,  encalle  6  sufra  alguna  averia, 
6  tenga  que  hacer  reparaciones,  etc.,  se  le  dard  la  ayuda  y  protec- 
ci6n  que  se  daria  k  los  buques  de  la  naci6n  en  que  se  encuentre. 
En  el  articulo  14  se  estipula  que  los  ciudadanos  de  ima  de  las  dos 
Reptiblicas  transetintes  6  residentes  en  el  territorio  de  la  otra  no 
podr&n  ser  embargados  ni  detenidos  con  sus  embarcaciones,  tripu- 
laciones,  etc.,  para  expediciones  militares,  usos  ptiblicos  6  particu- 
lares  sin  conceder  &  los  interesados  la  justa  y  suficiente  indemniza- 
ci6n.  Por  los  t^rminos  del  articulo  15,  los  ciudadanos  de  una  Repti- 
blica  tendrdn  facultad  para  adquirir  en  la  otra  propiedades  inmue- 
bles  y  para  administrarlas  por  si  6  por  medio  de  agente;  para  ejercer 
cualquier  industria,  agricola,  mercantil  6  fabril,  6  profesi6n  literaria 
3322a— Bull.  3—08 12 


652    OFIGINA  INTERN AGIONAL  D£  LAS  BEPteUGAS  AMERIOAKAB. 

6  cientifica,  y  para  comparecer  ante  las  autoridades  6  tribunalesenlos 
asuntos  que  les  concieman  6  representen;  el  mismo  articulo  les 
declara  libres  del  servicio  militar  y  del  pago  de  emprSstitos  forzoeos 
y  otras  contribuciones  personales  extraordinarias.  En  la  eventual!- 
dad  de  im  rompimiento  entre  las  dos  Repdblicas,  se  estipula  en  el 
articulo  16  que  los  ciudadanos  de  la  una  residentes  6  transetintes 
en  el  territorio  de  la  otra,  no  ser&n  obligados  k  salir  del  pals,  sino  per 
las  mismas  causas  y  los  mismos  tr&mites  legales  por  que  lo  serfan  los 
ciudadanos  de  la  Reptiblica  en  que  residen  6  transitan,  y  se  conyiene, 
adem&s,  que  en  el  mismo  caso  de  hostilidades,  6stas  no  se  har&n  sino 
por  los  jefes  y  oficiales  debidamente  autorizados  y  por  las  tropas  que 
estuvieren  &  sus  6rdenes;  que  no  se  incendiardn  ni  se  entregar&n  al 
saqueo  las  poblaciones,  ni  se  atentar^  &  la  vida  de  los  rendidos  ni 
de  los  ciudadanos  paclficos,  y  que  no  se  interrumpirdn  las  relaciones 
mercantiles  entre  ambas  Repiiblicas. 

Con  el  fin  de  evitar  los  embarazos  que  pudiera  ocasionar  &  su  co- 
mercio  el  estado  de  guerra  en  que  se  encontrase  alguna  de  ellas  con 
otras  naciones,  se  conviene  en  el  articulo  17  que  las  Alias  Partes 
Contratantes  reconocen  y  admiten  el  principio  de  que  el  pabelldn 
cubre  las  propiedades  y  personas,  con  excepci6n  de  los  miUtares  per- 
tenecientes  k  la  naci6n  enemiga.  Eh  el  articulo  18  se  estipula  que 
si  alguna  de  las  partes  contratantes  estuviere  en  guerra  con  una  ier- 
cera  potencia,  y  la  otra  permaneciere  neutral,  las  propiedades  de 
£sta  y  de  sus  ciudadanos  que  se  encontraren  k  bordo  de  buques 
enemigos  quedarfin  sujetos  k  confiscaci6n.  De  acuerdo  Con  el  ar- 
ticulo 19,  ninguna  de  las  dos  Republicas  podr^  franquear  auxilios  de 
ninguna  clase  k  los  enemigos  de  la  otra,  ni  peimitird  que  en  su  terri- 
torio se  hagan  reclutamientos  de  tropas  6  se  arm^n  6  tripulen 
buques  de  guerra  6  corsarios.  Para  cabal  inteligencia  de  los  articulos 
16  y  17,  se  especifican  en  el  articulo  20  los  objetos  que  deben  reputarse 
como  de  contrabando  de  guerra.  En  el  articulo  21  las  partes  con- 
tratantes se  comprometen  k  conservar  en  vigor  las  leyes  sobre  la 
abolici6n  del  trdfico  de  esclavos  y  k  dictar  cuantas  medidas  sean 
necesarias  para  impedir  dicho  trdfico.  En  virtud  del  articulo  22,  cada 
una  de  las  partes  contratantes  podrd  establecer  c6nsules  y  vice- 
c6nsules  en  los  puertos  y  plazas  mercantiles  del  territorio  de  la  otra, 
los  cuales  gozar^n  en  el  pais  de  su  residencia  los  mismos  privil^os 
concedidos  6  que  se  concedan  k  los  de  la  naci6n  mis  favorecida.  En 
el  articulo  23  convienen  las  dos  Republicas  que  si  una  de  ellas  concede 
k  algima  otra  nacion  cualquier  privilegio  en  lo  relativo  k  comercio  6 
navegaci6n,  el  mismo  privilegio  se  hari  extensivo  k  la  otra.  Con  el 
fin  de  mantener  firmes  y  duraderas  sus  relaciones  amistosas,  las 
partes  contratantes  convienen  en  el  articulo  24  en  que  si  alguno  de  Ice 
ciudadanos  de  cualquiera  de  ellas  infringiere  algunajde  las  estipu* 
laciones  del  tratado,  el  infractor  serk  personalmente  responsable,  sin 


COLOMBIA.  653 

que  por  ello  se  intemimpa  la  buena  armonfa  entre  los  dos  pueblos. 
Convifeese  asimismo,  en  el  articulo  25,  que  en  el  caso  de  que  alguno  de 
los  dos  Gobiemos  infringiera  cualquiera  de  los  articulos  de  este 
tratado^  los  dexn&s  articulos  que  abracen  objetos  distintos  se  con- 
siderar&n  siempre  vdlidos  y  subsistentes.  En  el  articulo  26  se  estipula 
que  mientras  se  arregle  por  convenci6n  especial  la  demarcaci6n  de 
llmites  territoriales  entre  las  dos  Reptiblicas,  se  reconocen  los  mismos 
que  conforme  k  la  ley  colombiana  de  25  de  junio  de  1824  separaban 
los  antiguos  Departamentos  del  Cauca  y  del  Ecuador;  en  este  mismo 
articulo  se  comprometen  ambas  Reptiblicas  k  prestarse  cooperaci6n 
mutua  para  conservar  la  integridad  del  territorio  de  la  antigua  Re- 
ptiblica  de  Colombia  que  pertenece  k  cada  una  de  ellas.  Por  el 
articulo  27  la  duraci6n  de  este  tratado,  por  el  cual  se  derogan  los 
celebrados  en  Pasto  el  8  de  diciembre  de  1832,  serd  de  seis  aflos, 
contados  desde  el  dia  del  canje  de  las  ratificaciones,  en  todos  los 
articulos  relativos  k  comercio  y  navegaci6n,  y  perpetua  en  el  1,  el  2 
y  el  16  que  arreglan  las  relaciones  politicas  entre  las  dos  Reptiblicas 
El  articulo  28  y  tiltimo  prescribe  la  manera  de  efectuarse  las  ratifi- 
caciones y  el  canje  de  6stas. 

PAGO   DE   8XJBVENCI0NES,  QASTOS,  ETC.,    A  EMPBESA8   PEBRO- 
VIABIAS  DURANTE  1008. 

Seg6n  un  informe  publicado  en  el  ^'Diario  Oficiar^  de  la  Reptiblica- 
de  Colombia  del  24  de  diciembre  de  1907,  las  partidas  que  pagar&  el 
Gobiemo  durante  el  afio  de  1908  por  subvenciones,  garantia  de  inte- 
reses  y  otros  gastos,  k  compaiiias  de  ferrocarriles  en  explotaci6n  6  en 
construcci6n,  son  las  siguientes : 

Oro. 
Para  pagar  al  Ferrocarril  de  G  irardot  la  garantfa  de  intereses  sobre  Ta  Buma  ' 

de  £200,000,  segdn  los  nuevos  contratos  de  11  de  marzo  y  10  de  agoeto  de 

1907,  al  tipo  del  6  por  ciento  anual $60, 000. 00 

Para  amortizar  los  bonos  correspondientes  d  los  dltimos  8  kildmetros  de 

via  f^rrea  entregados  hasta  la  estacidn  del  hospicio  por  esta  misma  em- 

preea,  d  raz6n  de  $10,000  por  kil6metro 80, 000. 00 

Para  pagar  el  valor  correspondiente  d  las  tres  unidades  del  producto  de  las    . 

aduanas  del  Atldntico  que  corresponden  d  la  amortizaci6n  de  bonos  del 

Ferrocarril  Nacional  del  Occidente  de  Colombia 177, 884. 94 

Para  pagar  el  valor  de  las  libranzas  del  Ferrocarril  del  Cauca  con  el  50  por 

ciento  del  producto  bruto  d%  las  aduanas  de  Buenaventura  y  Tumaco.  364, 018. 18 
Para  pagar  el  valor  de  las  libranzas  del  Ferrocarril  del  Sur  y  los  intereses 

correspondientes 121, 942. 00 

Para  pagar  d  los  Departamentos  de  Cundinamarca  y  de  Quesada 83, 353. 88 

Para  pagar  los  sueldos  de  los  inspectores  de  los  ferrocarriles  d  cargo  del 

Gobierno. 10, 800. 00 

Para  pagar  d  los  ingenieros  que  comisione  el  Gobierno  para  recibir 

trayectos  terminadoa  de  vfas  f^rreas  y  otros  gastos 2, 000. 00 

Suma  total 900.000.00- 


654    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL  DE   LAS  REPUBUOAS  AMEBIGA17AS. 

CUBA. 

LAS  BENTAS  DEL  ESTADO  DUBANTE  1907. 

Segtin  estadlsticas  oficiales  publicadas  en  el  ntimero  de  enero  de 
1908  del  ^^Boletln  Oficial"  de  la  Cfi,mara  de  Comercio,  Industria  y 
Navegaci6n  de  la  Isla  de  Cuba,  los  ingresos  fiseales  de  la  Rep&blics 
durante  el  ano  de  1907  ascendieron  k  $29,118,827.29,  suma  que  compa- 
rada  con  la  de  $27,418,435.14  recaudada  en  1906,  arroja  un  aumento 
de  $1,700,392.15.  La  recaudaci6n  obtenida  en  1907  del  impuesto 
para  el  empr6stito  ascendi6  k  $3,692,786.16,  que  en  comparaci6n  con 
la  cantidad  de  $3,683,742.84  percibida  por  el  mismo  concepto  en 
1906,  acusa  un  aumento  de  $9,043.32. 


CHILE. 

BENTAS  ADUANEBAS  DUBANTE  EL  AfiTO  DE  1907. 

Las  rentas  aduaneras  recaudadas  en  los  varios  puertos  de  la  Repfi- 
blica  de  Chile  durante  el  afio  de  1907  ascendieron  &  la  suma  de 
120,305,347.90  pesos,  que,  comparada  con  la  de  113,316,238.58,  pesos 
recaudada  en  1906,  acusa  un  aumento  ne  6,989,109.32  pesos.  La 
cantidad  recaudada  durante  el  mes  de  diciembre  de  1907  fiii  de 
12,734,256.90  pesos,  en  comparaci6n  con  12,009,435.32,  pesos,  canti- 
dad percibida  en  el  mismo  mes  de  1906. 

PBESTJPTJESTO  DE  LOS  EEBBOCABBILES  DEL  ESTADO  PABA  1908. 

El  presupuesto  total  de  gastos  de  los  ferrocarriles  del  Estado  para 
el  afio  de  1908  asciende  d  46,406,250.50  pesos,  suma  que  se  distri- 
buye  en  la  siguiente  forma: 

PeMM. 

Red  Central 43,  896, 250.50 

Ferrocarril  de  Chafiaral 635, 000. 00 

Huasco 226, 000.00 

Ooquimbo 1 ,  320, 000. 00 

Tongoi 170.000.00 

Los  Vilos 160, 000. 00 

Total 46,406.250.50 

EL  FEBBOCABBIL  LONQmiDINAL. 

El  siguiente  es  el  texto  del  decreto  que  se  promulg6  el  23  de  enero 
de  1908,  autorizando  la  construccion  del  Ferrocarril  Longitudinal. 

Art.  P  Se  autoriza  al  Presidonte  do  la  Republica,  por  el  t^nnino  de 
tres  alios,  para  contratar  k  precio  alzado  en  conjunto  6  por  secciones, 
el  estudio,  la  construcci6n  y  el  equipo  de  los  ferrocarriles  necesarios 
para  unir  la  ciudad  Ligua  con  el  puerto  de  Papudo  y  el  de  Arica.  I^ 
linea  entre  Ligua  y  Copiapo  deber&  estar  terminada  antes  tie  cinco 
alios. 


CHILE.  656 

Art.  2**.  El  precio  total  de  las  obras  no  excederd  de  7,500,000  librae 
esterlinas,  y  se  pagar&  con  una  amortizaci6n  acumulativa  que  no  baje 
de  un  medio  por  ciento  anual.  Mientras  no  se  cancele  dicho  precio, 
los  contratista^tttol^ar^n  por  su  cuenta  las  llneas  ffirreas  con  tarifas 
aprobadas  por  elTWbiemo,  y  el  Estado  les  garantiza  un  interns  de 
5  por  ciento  al  afio. 

Art.  3**.  Se  autoriza  el  arrendamiento  de  las  Ifneas  ffirreas  fiscales 
intermedias  entre  Ligua  y  ChafLaral  durante  le  construcci6n  de  los 
ferrocarriles  k  que  se  refiere  el  articulo  1®  y  durante  su  explotaci6n 
por  los  contratistas.  Las  tarifas  se  fijardn  con  la  aprobaci6n  del 
Gobiemo. 

Art.  4°.  Se  autoriza  el  Presidente  de  la  Repiiblica,  por  el  tfinnino  de 
un  afio,  para  contratar  k  precio  alzado  la  construcci6n  de  los  ferro- 
carriles de  Curic6  k  Llico,  y  del  Arbol  k  Pichilemu,  por  sumas  que  no 
excedan  de  7,500,000  pesos  oro  de  18  peniques  el  primero,  y  de 
2,500,000  pesos,  de  la  misma  moneda,  el  segundo. 

Art.  5**.  Se  declaran  de  utilidad  los  terrenos  particulares  6  munici- 
pales,  que  se  requieran  para  la  construcci6n  de  los  anteriores  ferro- 
carriles, sus  estaciones  y  anexos,  en  conformidad  con  los  pianos  que 
apruebe  el  Presidente  de  la  Reptiblica. 

La  expropiaci6n  se  llevard  k  cabo  en  conformidad  con  la  ley  de  18 
de  junio  de  1857,  pudiendo  iniciarse  las  gestiones  del  caso  durante  el 
tfirmino  de  cinco  aftos. 

Serdn  libres  de  derechos  de  int^maci6n  los  materiales  necesarios 
para  la  construcci6n  de  las  llneas  ffirreas  indicadas  en  el  articulo  1®  y 
para  explotaci6n  durante  cinco  afios.  El  Presidente  de  la  Reptiblica 
fijar^  la  clase  y  cantidad  de  los  artlculos  liberados. 

Art.  6®.  Se  autoriza  la  inversi6n  de  3,000,000  de  pesos  en  expro- 
piaciones  de  terrenos,  inspecci6n  t^cnica  y  otros  gastos  de  los  ferro- 
carriles autorizados  por  los  artlculos  anteriores,  y  de  300,000  pesos 
para  estudios  de  puertos. 

Art.  7°.  La  expropiaci6n  de  la  llnea  de  Ligua  al  puerto  de  Arica, 
por  los  contratistas,  estar6  sometida  k  la  ley  de  6  de  agosto  de  1862. 

Art.  8®.  Los  contratos  que  se  celebren  en  conformidad  con  la  pre- 
sente  ley,  no  podr&n  transferirse  sin  autorizaci6n  del  Presidente  de 
la  Reptiblica. 

Los  contratistas  y  las  personas  que  representen  sus  derechos,  aun 
cuando  sean  extranjeros  y  no  residan  en  Chile,  se  considerar&n  como 
domiciliados  en  la  Reptiblica  y  quedardn  sujetos  k  las  leyes  del  pals, 
como  si  fueran  chilenos,  para  todo  cuanto  se  relacione  con  el  cimipli- 
miento  de  dichos  contratos,  entendi^ndose  que  6stos  6  quienes'adquie- 
ran  sus  derechos,  no  podrdn  recurrir  al  amparo  diplomfitico  en 
cualquiera  dificultad  que  por  la  misma  causa  se  produjere. 


656    OFICINA  INTERN AOIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBUCAS  AMEBIC AK AS. 
LA  HACIENDA  PtfBLICA. 

El  28  de  octubre  ultimo  el  Ministro  de  Hacienda  hizo  constar  que 
su  antecesor  habia  manifest  ado  que  los  ingresos  del  afio  de  1907  podian 
calcularse  como  sigue: 

Saldo  eobrante  de  1906 $13,  583, 490. 73 

Ingreeos  ordinarioe. 147,  500. 000. 00 

Ingreeoe  extraordinarioe 29,  500, 000. 00 

Total 190,583,490.73 

Los  gastos  calculados  de  1907  ascendieron  k  $193,627,373,  descon- 
tando  $21,000,000  derivados  de  las  sumas  asignadas  para  la  cons- 
trucci6n  del  Ferrocarril  de  Arica  al  Alto  de  La  Paz  y  para  el  alcan- 
tarillado  de  Santiago.  For  tanto,  los  gastos  del  presupuesto  que- 
daron  reducidos  k  $172,000,000.  Deben  agregarse,  en  cambio  de 
esa  rebaja,  los  gastos  autorizados  por  leyes  especiales  y  que  ascien- 
den  k  un  total  de  $11,610,485.57. 

Por  las  cifras  que  anteceden  se  demuestra  que  el  gasto  probable 
ascendia  k  $184,437,798.76  y  que  al  terminar  el  aiio  de  1907  babia 
im  sobrante  de  $66,645,991.97. 

PAGO  DE  LOS  DEBECHOS  DE  ADUANA  T  ALMACENAJS. 

Una  ley  del  Congreso  Nacional  de  la  Republica  de  Cbile,  apro- 
bada  el  9  de  septiembre  de  1907,  y  publicada  en  el  **Diario  Oficial" 
del  11  del  mismo  mes,  dispone  que  el  pago  de  los  derechos  deimpor- 
taci6n  y  almacenaje  se  efecttie  en  papel  moneda  con  el  recargo  co- 
rrespondiente  y  en  la  forma  establecida  por  la  ley  No.  1992  de  27 
de  agosto  de  1907. 

EXPOSICldN  DE  CALZADO  NACIONAL  Y  DE  CITBTIDUBIA  EK  1907. 

Segtin  el  ''Boletln  de  la  Sociedad  de  Fomento  Fabril"  de  Santiago 
de  Chile,  para  el  mes  de  diciembre  de  1907,  la  Exposici6n  de  Calzado 
Nacional  y  de  Curtiduria  de  1907,  se  inaugur6  oficialmente  el  18  de 
octubre  ultimo  en  la  capital  de  la  Republica  Chilena.  En  esta  expo- 
8ici6n  la  industria  de  la  curtiduria  y  de  la  fabricaci6n  de  calzado 
demostraron  hallarse  en  im  estado  de  adelanto  y  de  perfeccionamiento 
sobresalientes,  y  sus  productos  manufacturados  Uamaron  justamente 
la  atenci6n  del  ptiblico  en  general.  El  niimero  de  las  f  dbricas  que  con- 
currieron  k  la  exposici6n  fue  de  23,  halltodose  incluidas  en  esa  eifra 
tknto  las  curtiembres  como  las  fdbricas  de  calzado. 

Las  cifras  que  se  publican  k  continuacion  son  relativas  k  los  esta- 
blecimientos  que  tomaron  parte :  Producci6n  anual  de  cueros  curtidos 
y  suelas,  160,000  pesos;  producci6n  diaria  de  calzado,  5,670  pares; 
niimero  de  operarios  empleados  en  las  fdbricas,  3,510;  total  de  los 
capitales  invertidos,  16,490,000  pesos. 


CHILE.  657 

Existen,  adem&s,  en  la  Rep6blica  otras  f&bricas  de  cuero  y  calzado, 
cuyo  capital  total  se  calcula  en  unos  34,000,000  de  pesos. 

Con  estas  cifras  &  la  vista,  piiede  tenerse  una  pequefia  idea  de  lo 
que  representa  en  Chile  la  industria  de  la  curtidurfa  y  calzado,  pu- 
diendo  avaluarse  los  capitales  invertidos  en  la  cantidad  minima  de 
60,000,000  de  pesos.  Estas  dos  industrias  fomentan  y  dan  vida  k 
otras  varias  importantfsimas,  tales  como  la  producci6n  del  lingue,  de 
la  algarrobilla,  la  cal,  y  la  fabricaci6n  de  las  cajas  de  cart6n,  indus- 
trias que  representan  un  valor  de  12,000,000  &  15,000,000  pesos  para 
sus  respectivos  productores. 

CANJE  DE  GIBOS  INTEBNACIONALES  CON  EL  JAPdN. 

A  partir  del  1°  de  enero  de  1908,  se  ha  establecido  el  servicio  de  giros 
intemacionales  entre  Chile  y  el  Jap6n.  Los  giros  podr&n  hacersesobre 
cualquier  punto  del  Jap6n,  incluso  las  Islas  Formosa,  Pescadores,  y 
SakhaUen  japon^s,  y  deber&n  establecerse  en  francos  y  c^ntimos,  de 
acuerdo  con  las  equivalencias  prescritas  para  el  caso.  El  m&ximum 
del  valor  serA  de  1,000  francos. 

MINAa  DE  CABBdN  DE  PIEDBA. 

El  carb6n  que  en  la  actualidad  se  explota  en  Chile  ha  sido  clasiii- 
cado  casi  un&nimemente  como  lignita,  pero  hay  otras  clases  de 
carb6n  que  no  pueden  clasific^se  como  tales. 

El  an&lisis  del  carb6n  de  pie'dra  de  la  Provincia  de  Araueo  muestra 
que  dicho  product©  tiene  un  valor  calorifico  que  equivale  A  92  y 
93.8  por  ciento,  en  comparaci6n  con  el  carb6n  ingl6s  del  sur  y  del  norte 
de  Gales.  La  comparaci6n  con  los  carbones  de  Australia  todavla 
resulta  mfts  ventajosa  para  el  carb6n  chileno,  que  tambi6n  es  mejor 
que  el  carb6n  japonfe.  En  resumen,  puede  decirse  que,  k  juzgar 
por  los  estudios  y  ensayos  de  que  han  sido  objeto  los  dep6sitos 
carbonlferos  chilenos,  asl  en  Europa  como  en  Chile,  queda  demos- 
trada  la  superioridad  de  las  vetas  chilenas  respecto  de  los  com- 
bustibles denominados  **lignitas.'' 

Despu6s  de  las  debidas  investigaciones,  puede  afirmarse  que  en 
Chile  existen  mantos  de  carb6n  que  pueden  producir  un  coque  de  buena 
calidad,  que  acaso  sea  eficaz  para  la  fimdici6n  del  hierro,  y  que 
sin  duda  algima  lo  es  para  la  fimdici6n  de  otros  minerales.  ^  Habi6n- 
dose  descubierto  en  Chile  una  zona  antracffera,  como  la  de  los 
yacimientos  de  Quilacoya  y  de  Huimpil,  cuyo  producto  contiene  una 
gran  proporci6n  de  carb6n  fijo  con  muy  poco  material  volAtil,  no 
cabe  ya  dudar  que  la  mezcla  de  los  productos  de  esta  zona  con  ciertos 
carbones  de  la  costa  es  susceptible  de  producir  im  coque  de  buena 
calidad. 

Los  yacimientos  que  en  la  actualidad  se  explotan  se  encuentran 
en  la  costa  sur  de  Chile,  en  ima  zona^que  linda  por  el  norte  con  laa 


658    OFICINA  INTERN ACIONAIi  DE  LAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERIGAI^^AS. 


riberas  septentrionales  del  Golfo  de  Talcahuano,  por  el  sur  con  el 
puerto  de  Lebu,  por  el  este  con  las  cordilleras  de  la  costa  6  la  de 
Nahuelbuta,  y  por  el  oeste  con  el  mar.  Los  yacimientos  mte  impor- 
tantes  se  extienden  hasta  una  distancia  considerable  bajo  el  mar, 
y  en  el  territorio  de  Magallanes,  cerca  de  Pimta  Arenas,  tambi^i 
se  explota  mia  mina  de  carb6n. 

A  pesar  de  las  ricas  minas  de  carb6n  que  existen  en  Chiley  de  1901 
hasta  el  primer  semestre  de  1906,  dicha  Reptiblica  ha  tenido  que 
hacer  las  siguientes  importaciones  de  carb6n  para  el  consiimo  del  pais: 


Aflo. 


1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906  de  enero  &  junio  inclusive. 


Total. 


CarMn 
ingl^. 


Tondon 
das. 
360,082 
395,024 
317,495 
445,742 
596,438 
172,781 


Carbdn 
aufltra- 
liano. 


CarbOn 
ameri- 


Tonela^ 
dtu. 
497,379 
399,427 
485,334 
457,020 
489,337 
169,767 


•i' 


ronelo- 

38,150 
34,887 

6,825 
11,323 

4,600 


ToUL 


IVncto- 
dtu. 
8B0,6U 
829,3» 
I  80e,«M 
M4,0K 
1,008,  S» 
332, 5« 

4.888,6U 


IMPOBTACIONES  Y  EXPOBTACIONES  FOB  LA  ADUANA  DB  TAXTAL. 

En  1902  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  que  se  hicieron  per  la  pre- 
citada  aduana  ascendi6  k  1,327,188  pesos;  el  de  1906  ascendi6  4 
6,995,204  pesos,  que  representa  casi  una  setuplicaci6n  del  valor  de 
las  mercancias  importadas  en  comparaci6n  con  1902.  En  el  quinque- 
nio  de  1902  &  1906,  se  importaron  mercancias  por  valor  de  m&s  de 
20,500,000  pesos. 

El  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  1902  k  1906,  muestra  un  aumento 
de  m&s  de  un  150  por  ciento,  puesto  que  en  1902  el  valor  de  las 
exportaciones  ascendi6  k  294,758  pesos,  en  tanto  que  en  1906  ascendi6 
k  25,043,746  pesos,  6  sea  un  total  de  81,063,903  pesos  en  los  cinco 
afios  de  referencia. 

El  valor  de  las  importaciones  en  el  comercio  de  cabotaje  en  1902 
ascendi6  k  4,003,297  pesos,  y  el  de  las  exportaciones  ascendi6  4 
593,211  pesos,  en  tanto  que  en  1906  el  valor  de  las  primeras  ascendi6 
k  15,759,583  pesos,  y  el  de  las  segundas  ascendi6  k  1,211,401  pesos. 

En  1902  las  rentas  de  aduana  de  dicho  puerto  ascendi6  4  3,248,187 
pesos,  y  dicha  renta  en  1906  ascendi6  k  7,376,552  pesos,  habiSndose 
obtenido  en  el  quinquenio  de  referencia  im  total  de  25,635,757  pesos. 

En  los  siete  primeros  meses  del  ano  de  1907  dicha  renta  asc6ndi6  4 
3,687,688  pesos,  lo  cual  indica  que  dicho  aumento  ha  de  seguir  de 
alio  en  afto. 


OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DB  LAS  BEPtjBLICAS  AMEBIC  AN  AS.    659 

ECUADOR. 

LA  BENTA  MUNICIPAL  DE  aUAYAQUIL. 

La  rent  a  municipal  de  la  ciudad  de  Guayaquil  en  1907  se  calcula 
en  $1,237,082  sucres  ($618,450)  como  sigue: 

Derechos  de  exportaci6n  sobre  el  cacao $180, 000 

Mercados,  rastroe,  etc 129, 000 

Contribuci6n  del  agua 50, 000 

Contribuci6n  sobre  licores,  matrfculas,  etc 92, 000 

Alumbrado  publico 24, 000 

Dos  por  ciento  sobre  derechos  de  importaci6n 22, 000 

Los  gastos,  que  son  iguales  &  los  ingresos,  destinan  $97,000  para  la 
limpieza  de  ci^lles,  alumbrado,  etc. ;  $50,000  para  los  servicios  de  ad- 
ministraci6n;  $29,000  para  la  poUcia  municipal;  $25,000  para  in- 
8trucci6n  pdblica;  $39,500  para  beneficencia  ptiblica;  $180,000  para 
el  servicio  de  la  deuda,  y  $105,000  para  obras  p6blicas. 

SEBVICIO  DE  LOS  BONOS   DEL  FEBBOOABBIL  DE  aUAYAQXJIL  Y 

QUITO. 

En  conformidad  con  la  proposici6n  hecha  por  el  Presidente  del 
Ecuador,  los  tenedores  de  bonos  y  accionistas  del  Ferrocarril  de 
Guayaquil  y  Quito  acordaron  que  la  parte  de  los  fondos  destinada 
al  pago  del  cup6n  de  jimio  de  1907,  en  vez  de  aplicarse  al  servicio  6 
pago  del  empr^stito,  se  emplee  para  obtener  la  terminaci6n  de  la'llnea 
hasta  Quito  en  1907.  Asi  se  hizo,  de  acuerdo  con  lo  resuelto,  y  el 
Gobiemo  hizo  otros  anticipos  hasta  el  valor  total  del  cup6n,  que  es 
como  de  $450,000. 

El  dinero  para  llevar  &  cabo  esta  obra  se  obtuvo  mediante  la  emisi6n 
de  1,000,000  de  sucres  ($500,000)  en  bonos  de  la  aduana,  &  favor  de 
ciertos  comerciantes  de  Guayaquil,  contra  pagar^s  descontados  por 
el  Banco  del  Ecuador,  6  contra  pagos  al  contado,  &  un  descuento 
convenido.  Estos  bonos  se  aceptan  &  la  par  en  pago  de  im  50  por 
ciento  de  derechos  de  exportaci6n  generales,  y  im  100  por  ciento  de 
todos  los  derechos  de  exportaci6n  sobre  la  tagua  6  marfil  vegetal. 

EMISldN  DE  BONOS  DEL  FEBBOOABBIL  DE  GUAYAQUIL 

A.  QUITO. 

El  15  de  enero  de  1908  el  Presidente  de  la  Rep6blica  del  Ecuador 
expidi6  un  decreto  autorizando  la  emisi6n  de  12,289  bonos  de  188 
sucres  cada  uno,  6  sean  $90,  para  facilitar  el  pago  de  los  cupones 
semestrales  correspondiente  ti  los  bonos  del  ferrocarril  que  Uevan  las 
fechas  de  enero  2  y  julio  2  de  1908  y  enero  2  de  1909. 

Desde  el  2  de  julio  de  1908  dichos  bonos  devengar&n  un  interns  de 
4  por  ciento  anual,  y  la  amortizaci6n,  que  se  efectvi^t^  fe\i  ^^i*  ^jStsss^^ 


660    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONAL  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS. 

tambi6n  devengarA  un  interns  de  iin  4  por  ciento,  y  desde  el  1*  de 
enero  de  1909  quedan  garantizados  con  la  renta  Integra  que  produce 
el  monopolio  de  la  sal. 

ESTADO  DE  LOS  ASUNTOS  DOM^STICOS. 

Segtin  el  inf orme  presentado  por  el  C6nsul  Britinico  en  Guayaquil, 
correspondiente  al  ado  de  1907,  las  condiciones  ecuatorianas  muestran 
una  mejor^a  en  cuanto  atafie  al  valor  de  los  productos  del  pals,  tales 
como  el  cacao,  la  goma,  los  sombreros,  etc.,  en  tanto  que  el  valor  de 
las  importaciones  tambifin  ha  aumentado. 

En  cuanto  6.  las  obras  pdblicas,  se  hace  constar  que  el  Ferrocarril  de 
Quito  ha  sido  la  empresa-  principal,  habi6ndose  extendido  gradual- 
mente  hasta  Mocha,  Ambato,  Latacunga  y  Chasqui,  al  paso  que  los 
(iltimos  informes,  que  alcanzan  hasta  el  1°  de  enero  de  1902,  anuncian 
que  el  dicho  ferrocarril  habia  llegado  hasta  Aloasi,  que  queda  como 
&  una  distancia  de  35  kil6metros  de  Quito. 

El  contrato  celebrado  entre  el  Gobiemo  y  la  Compafila  de  Ferro- 
carril de  Quayaquil  y  Quito  estipula  que  dicha  llnea  debe  terminarse 
y  llegar  hasta  Quito  parael  14  de  junio  de  1907,  y  &  causa  de  haber  de- 
jado  de  cumpUr  los  t6rminos  del  contrato,  se  han  nombrado  &rbitros 
para  ajustar  los  varios  puntos  que  est&n  en  disputa  entre  las  partes 
contratantes. 

El  ferrocarril  de  Puerto  Bolivar  y  Achala  adelant6  lentamente  en 
1906-7,  y  lleg6  hasta  los  distritos  productores  de  cacao,  y  ha  prestado 
buenos  servicios  en  al  transporte  de  productos  al  puerto  de  mar. 

El  C6nsul  Cartright  anuncia  que,  &  lo  que  parece,  los  empresanos 
originales  del  Ferrocarril  de  Huigra  &  Cuenca  han  abandonado  el  pro- 
yecto.  Lostrabajos  hechos  en  el  camino  hasta  Chone,  en  el  distrito 
de  cacao  de  Bahia,  aunque  se  comenzaron  con  fondos  pfiblicos,  han 
sido  abandonados,  y  el  material,  etc.,  que  se  import6  para  dicha  cons- 
trucci6n,  se  ha  dejado  k  la  intemperie.  Tambi6n  se  habla  de  la  sus- 
pensi6n  de  los  trabajos  en  la  llnea  de  Curaray,  asl  como  en  el  camino 
de  hierro  de  Santa  Rosa  &  Zaruma,  los  ferrocarriles  de  Guayaquil  i 
Salinas  y  de  Manta  &  Santa  Ana. 

En  Guayaquil  se  ha  terminado  ya  el  nuevo  mercado,  y  la  salud  pu- 
blica  ha  mejorado  mucho  mediante  el  empleo  del  sistema  Dixon  para 
destruir  los  derechos  de  la  ciudad.  Tambi6n  se  anuncian  otras  cons- 
trucciones  de  edificios,  y  un  aumento  en  la  poblaci6n,  que  en  la 
actuaUdad  se  calcula  de  80,000  d  90,000  habitantes. 

Se  ha  instalado  el  alumbrado  el6ctrico  en  las  principales  calles,  los 
muelles  y  desembarcaderos,  asl  como  en  los  nuevos  suburbios  de  la 
Capital.  Se  proyecta  generar  potencia  el6ctrica  por  conduct©  de  las 
corrientes  procedentes  de  las  montafias,  6  las  que  hay  al  pie  de  las  Cor- 
dilleras, y  que  est&n  &  una  distancia  como  de  55  &  58  millas,  y  ademis 
se  est&n  activando  mucho  los  trabajos  de  la  llnea  de'tranvla  el6ctrica. 


KCUADOR.  661 

Se  han  celebrado  contratos  en  Quito  y  Riobamba  para  construir 
nuevos  sistemas  de  abastecimiento  de  agua,  habi^ndose  celebrado 
dicho  contrato  con  un  ingeniero  de  los  Estados  Unidos. 

La  producci6n  de  azucar  aumenta  constantemente  en  toda  la 
Repiiblica,  habiendo  ascendido  k  7,000  toneladas  en  1906.  Sin  em- 
bargo, el  consumo  de  este  dulce  se  ha  aumentado  proporcionalmente, 
y  antes  de  recogerse  la  zafra  de  1907,  se  habfan  importado  1,200 
toneladas. 

For  una  ley  que  tu6  sancionada  &  fines  de  1906,  se  suprimi6  el  de- 
recho  de  importaci6n  sobre  el  azticar,  lo  cual  ha  dado  por  resultado 
que  en  la  actualidad  pueda  importarse  azucar  del  Perti  y  de  la  Ame- 
rica Central  sin  m&s  costo  que  el  de  flete  y  manipulaci6n.  Adem&s, 
esto  ha  hecho  bajar  los  precios  al  nivel  del  costo  de  los  azti cares  im- 
portados. 

La  industria  de  cerve/a  en  Guayaquil  ha  continuado  sin  interrup- 
ci6n,  pero  la  rebaja  en  los  derechos  de  importaci6n  sobre  la  cerveza 
extranjera,  ha  aumentado  la  competencia  con  la  cerveza  alemana 
y  americana. 

La  sal,  cuya  producci6n  es  un  monopolio  del  Gobiemo,  en  1906-7 
se  export6  con  utilidad  &  Tumaco  y  Buenaventura,  en  Colombia. 
Sin  embargo,  hasta  ahora  estas  exportaciones  son  muy  limitadas. 
Las  f&bricas  de  algod6n  del  interior  han  sufrido  algtin  entorpeci- 
miento  debido  &  la  escasez  de  materia  prima,  y  se  proyecta  importar 
algod6n  del  Peru,  por  m&s  que  el  derecho  de  importaci6n  sobre  este 
producto  asciende  como  k  5  centavos  por  libra.  A  causa  de  la 
escasez  de  harina,  en  diciembre  de  1906  se  dict6  una  ley  que  prescribe 
la  libre  entrade  del  trigo,  asl  como  de  otros  cereales,  tales  como 
chfcharos,  frijoles,  etc. 

Los  embarques  de  cacao  que  constituyen  la  mayor  parte  de  las 
exportaciones  del  Ecuador,  permanecen  pr&cticamente  en  el  mismo 
estado,  habifindose  exportado  poco  menos  de  21,000  toneladas  en 
los  (iltimos  aftos  de  1905  y  1906,  pero  se  advierte  un  aumento  en 
el  valor  de  dicho  producto.  El  t^rmino  medio  del  precio  que  se 
obtuvo  en  1905  fu6  $15  por  cada  50  kilogramos,  puestos  libres  de 
costo  &  bordo  en  Guayaquil,  y  este  precio  en  1906  subi6  k  $17,  y 
en  1907  &  $23.50.  Este  aumento  ha  sido  un  gran  beneficio  para 
el  comercio  y  la  industria  agricola,  y  ha  contribuldo  k  aumentar  con- 
siderablemente  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  ecuatorianas. 

El  marfil  vegetal  constituye  el  se^undo  producto  en  cantidad  y 
valor  de  todas  las  exportaciones  ecuatorianas,  habifindose  exportado 
19,036  toneladas  m^tricas  en  1905,  y  21,796  toneladas  m6tricas  en 
1906.  'El  precio  de  este  artlculo  tambi6n  ha  aumentado  notable- 
mente.  En  1905  el  promedio  del  precio  fu6  $4  en  la  concha,  y  $2.75 
sin  la  concha,  por  cada  100  libras.  En  1906  el  precio  8ubi6  $4.50 
J  $3  por  el  marfil  vegetal  con  concha  y  sin  ella,  respectii 


662    OFICINA  INTERN ACIONAL  DE   LAS  REPUBLICAS   AMCBIGANAS. 

y  habi6ndose  aumentado  grandemente  los  derechos  de  exporta- 
ci6n  en  1907,  los  consumidores  europeos  que  obtienen  como  un  75 
por  ciento  del  total  de  sus  importaciones  del  Equador,  y  como  un  25 
por  ciento  de  Colombia,  se  han  visto  obligados  k  comprar  4  precios  m&s 
subidos  que  varian  desde  $3.50  por  el  producto  sin  concha  liasta 
$5.75  por  el  producto  con  concha.  La  proporci6n  de  las  exporta- 
ciones  es  como  de  un  60  por  ciento  del  marfil  vegetal  con  concha, 
y  como  un  40  por  ciento  sin  ella. 

El  valor  de  los  sombreros  de  paja,  que  constituyen  el  tercer  artfculo 
de  exportaci6n,  continfia  mostrando  un  aumento,  pues  el  valor  de  los 
que  se  exportaron  en  1904  ascendi6  k  $350,000,  en  1905  4  iS440,000,  y 
en  1906,  k  $1,220,000,  valor  que  el  precitado  C6nsul  considera  mucho 
menor  que  el  valor  intrinseco  de  dicho  producto. 

El  cultivo  de  la  goma  se  ha  hecho  con  actividad  y  entusiasmo, 
habigndose  extendido  hasta  distritos  que  se  ^allan  muy  distantes  de 
los  puertos  6  de  los  caminos  regulares,  y  se  calcula  que  en  1906  la 
producci6n  de  goma  ascendi6  &  620  toneladas. 

Los  materiales  que  se  emplean  en  los  ferrocarriles  y  sistemas  de 
abastecimiento  de  agua,  se  importan  principalmente  de  los  E^tados 
Unidos,  en  tanto  que  casi  todos  los  g^neros  de  algod6n,  las  camas  de 
hierro,  el  bierro  galvanizado,  las  barras  y  los  tubos  de  hierro,  etc., 
la  hoja  de  lata  y  los  efectos  de  hoja  de  lata,  los  sacos  y  otros  efectos 
de  c&fiamo,  asl  como  los  gfineros  de  lino  y  casimires,  se  importan  de 
Inglaterra. 


ESTADOS  UNIDOS. 

COMEBCIO  CON  LA  AM^BICA  LATINA. 
IMPORTACIONES   Y   EXPORTACIONES. 

En  la  p6,gina  590  aparece  la  ultima  relaci6n  en  detalle  del  comercio 
entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y  la  America  Latina,  tomada  de  la  compila- 
ci6n  hecha  por  la  Oficina  de  Estadistica  del  Departamento  de  Co- 
mercio y  Trabajo  de  los  Estados  Unidos.  Estos  datos  se  refieren  al 
valor  del  comercio  arriba  mencionado.  La  estadistica  coresponde  al 
mes  de  enero  de  1908,  comparada  con  la  del  mes  correspond iente  del 
ano  anterior,  y  tambi^n  comprende  los  datos  referent  es  &  los  siete 
meses  que  terminaron  en  enero  de  1908,  comparados  con  igual  perfodo 
de  1907.  Debe  explicarse  que'las  estadisticas  de  las  importaciones 
y  exportaciones  de  las  diversas  aduanas  referentes  k  un  mes  cual- 
quiera  no  se  reciben  en  el  Departamento  de  Comercio  y  Trabajp  hasta 
el  20  del  mes  siguiente,  nccesit&ndose  algiin  tiempo  para  su  compila- 
ci6n  6  impresi6n;  de  suerte  que  los  datos  est adlsticos  correspond ientes 
al  mes  de  enero,  per  e\emp\o,  xvo  §>%  publican  hasta  maraso. 


E8TAD08    UNID08.  663 

OONVENCldN    PABA    EL    ABBITBAJE     DE    BECLAMACIONES 

PECUNIABIAS. 

El  Gobierno  de  los  Estados  Unidos  ha  publicado  la  Convencidn 
que  fu6  ratiiicada  por  el  Senado  el  2  de  marzo  de  1907,  y  finnada  el  13 
de  agosto  de  1906,  por  los  Delegados  de  los  Gobiemos  representados 
en  la  Tercera  Conferencia  Intemacional  de  Estados  Americanos,  con- 
tinuando  vigente  la  Convenci6n  que  prescribe  el  arbitraje  de  reclama- 
ciones  pecuniarias  que  fu6  finnada  el  30  de  enero  de  1902  por  los 
Delegados  4  la  Segunda  Conferencia  Intemacional,  excepci6n  hecha 
de  su  articulo  tercero. 

BATIFICACldN    DE    LA    CONVENCldN    SOBBE    CdDiaOS    DE    DE- 
BECHO  INTEBNATIONAL. 

El  dia  3  de  1908,  el  Senado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  ratified  la  Con- 
venci6n  que  habia  sido  firmada  en  Rfo  de  Janeiro  el  23  de  agosto  de 
1906,  por  los  Delegados  de  los  Gobiemos  representados  en  la  Tercera 
(Conferencia  Intemacional  de  Estados  Americanos,  encaminada  & 
establecer  una  comisi6n  intemacional  de  jurisconsultos  con  el  fin  de 
redactar  codigos  de  derecho  intemacional  pfibli(;o  y  privado,  que  han 
de  regir  las  relaciones  entre  las  naciones  de  America. 

DATOS  ESTADfSTICOS  BELATIVOS  AL  QANADO  EN  1008. 

El  Departamento  de  Agricultura  de  los  Estados  Unidos  ha  hecho 
el  siguiente  informe  acerca  del  nfimero  y  el  valor  del  ganado 
existente  en  las  fincas  de  labor  y  de  crianza  que  habla  en  el  pais  el 
1  de  enero  de  1908. 

Caballos,  19,992,000,  valuados  en  $1,867,530,000;  mulas,  3,869,000, 
valuados  en  $416,939,000;  vacas  de  leche,  21,194,000,  valuadas  en 
$650,057,000 ;  ganado  de  otra  clase  50,073,000,  valuado  en  $845,938,000 ; 
ganado  de  otra  clase,  50,073,000,  valuado  en  $845,938,000;  carneros, 
54,631,000,  valuados  en  $211,736,000;  cerdos,  56,084,000,  valuados  en 
$339,030,000. 

En  comparaci6n  con  la  misma  fecha  del  afio  anterior,  aparece  un 
aumento  de  245,000  caballos,  52,000  mulas,  226,000  vacas  de  leche; 
en  tanto  que  en  otras  clases  de  ganado  hubo  una  disminuci6n  de 
1,493,000;  en  los  carneros  hubo  un  aumento  de  1,391,000,  y  en  los 
cerdos  hubo  un  aumento  de  1,290,000. 

En  el  valor  de  los  caballos  hubo  un  aumento  de  $20,952,000,  en 
el  de  las  mulas  hubo  una  disminuci6n  de  $11,125,000,  en  el  de  las 
vacas  de  leche  hubo  un  aumento  de  $4,560,000,  en  otras  clases 
de  ganado  hubo  una  disminuci6n  de  $35,619,000  en  los  carneros 
hubo  un  aumento  de  $7,526,000,  en  tanto  que  en  el  valor  de  los 
cerdos  hubo  una  disminuci6n  de  $78,761,000. 


664    OFICINA   INTERNACIONAL  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS   AACEBICAKAS. 

El  valor  total  de  todo^  los  animales  enmnerados  ascendi6  i 
$4,331,230,000,  en  comparaci6n  eon  $4,423,698,000  el  !<>.  de  enero 
de  1907,  lo  cual  muestra  una  disminuci6n  de  $92,468,000,  dsea  un 
2.1  porciento. 

EXPOBTAOIONES  DE   CABNES  Y  ANIMAIiES  PAR^    BI«    CONSUlfO 

EN  1007. 

En  1907  los  datos  estadlsticos  completos  relativos  4  las  exporU- 
ciones  de  animales  para  el  consumo  y  cames  de  los  Estados  Unidos 
muestran  una  disminuci6n  de  $4,637,040  en  al  valor  de  los  priineros,y 
una  disminuci6n  de  $6,553,359  en  el  de  las  segundas,  en  coniparaci6ii 
con  el  afio  anterior. 

En  1907  el  valor  total  de  las  exportaciones  de  cames  ascendi6  i 
$192,962,623,  contra  $199,515,982  en  1906,  en  tanto  que  el  valor  de 
los  embarques  de  animales  para  el  consumo  en  los  dos  perfodos  ascen- 
di6  k  $34,808,819  y  $39,445,859,  respectivamente.  Las  mennas 
principales  en  el  valor  de  las  cames  en  el  comercio  del  afio  ocurrieron 
en  el  tocino,  que  ascendi6  como  k  $13,000,000;  la  manteca,  $2,500,000; 
cames  en  latas  y  ahumadas,  $1,500,000  en  cada  una,  y  otras  disminu- 
ciones  menores  en  los  chorrizos  y  los  productos  de  oleomargaiina.  En 
los  jamones  se  muestra  un  aumento  de  $3,000,000;  en  came  de  puerco 
preparada,  $2,500,000;  en  compuestos  de  manteca,  $2,000,000;  en 
came  de  vaca  fresca,  $1,500,000;  en  aceite,  $1,250,000,  y  en  latas  de 
chorrizos,  $750,000. 

El  valor  de  los  animales  para  el  consumo  muestra  una  merma  de 
$4,500,000;  en  los  puercos,  $37,000,  y  en  los  cameros,  $123,000. 

LAS  IMPORT ACIONES  DE  CAF^  EN  1007. 

En  el  afio  comtin  de  1907,  el  total  de  las  importaciones  de  caf6  que 
hicieron  los  Estados  Unidos  ascendi6  d  940,247,312  libras,  contra 
857,013,585  en  el  ano  anterior.  De  la  cantidad  importada  el  Brasil 
suministr6  727,187,465  libras,  6  sea  77.34  por  ciento,  en  tanto  que  el 
continente  americano  suministr6  cerca  de  un  98  por  ciento. 

Los  palses  Sud- Americanos,  sin  incluir  al  Brasil,  suministraron 
103,536,649  libras;  los  Estados  de  la  America  Central  suministraron 
67,704,098  libras,  en  tanto  que  Mexico  suministr6  14,822,658,  dejando 
asi  un  poco  m6-s  de  un  2  por  ciento  del  abastecimiento,  que  procedi6  de 
las  Indias  Orientales,  Europa,  Africa,  y  otras  partes  de  Asia. 

En  1907  el  consumo  por  cabeza  llego  casi  All  libras,  y  el  prome<iio 
del  costo  de  importaci6n,  segiin  lo  anuncia  la  aduana,  ascendi6  &  7.64 
centavos  por  libra. 

LAS  EXPOBTAOIONES  DE  ABTfCULOS  DE  GOHA  EN  1007. 

En  1 907  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  artlculos  de  goma  el&stica  y 
^itapercha,   procedentes  Ae  W  ¥^^\^cV>^  V.w\dcs^,  se  calcul6  oficial- 


EST  ADOS    UNID08.  665 

mente  en  $6,993,333,  en  comparaci6n  con  $5,668,606  en  1906.  Estos 
artlculos  incluyen  correas,  empaquetaduras  y  mangueras;  botas  y 
zapatos,  y  todas  las  dem&s  clases  de  articulos  de  goma.  El  yalor  de 
los  primeros  ascendi6  &  $1,402,373;  el  de  lossegundos  ascendi6  & 
$1,646,880,  y  el  de  todos  los  dem&s  ascendi6  k  $3,944,080. 

LA  IKDUSTBIA  TABAOAIiEBA  EN  1007. 

Los  datos  estadlsticos  compilados  por  el  peri6dico  intitulado 
** United  States  Tobacco  Journal,'*  tornados  de  los  informes  men- 
suales  de  los  ingresos  de  la  renta  interna  del  pais,  muestran  que  en 
1907  hubo  un  aumento  de  20,258,907  tabacos  elaborados,  en  com- 
paraci6n  con  1906,  es  decir,  en  1907  se  elaboraron  7,353,232,089  y 
en  1906,  7,373,490,996.  El  nfimero  de  los  tabacos  de  pequefta  bitola, 
que  antes  era  de  994,701,207,  ascendi6  &  1,069,079,350,  6  sea  un 
aumento  de  74,288,147,  en  tanto  que  en  1907  los  cigarrillos  muestran 
un  aumento  de  930,061,509  respecto  de  1906,  es  decir,  en  1907  se 
fabricaron  5,298,790,523  y  en  1906,  4,368,727,015. 

El  tabaco  elaborado  para  otros  usos  tambi6n  muestra  un  gran 
aumento  en  1907  respecto  del  afto  anterior,  es  decir,  en  1907  se  ela- 
boraron 361,060,437  libras  en  comparaci6n  con  358,963,279  libras  en 
1906,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  2,097,158  libras. 

LA  DESINFEOCldN  DE  CT7EB0S  IMPOBTADOS. 

El  Departamento  del  Tesoro  de  Washington  en  la  tiltima  semana 
de  enero  de  1908  expidi6  la  siguiente  orden  que  revoca  la  orden  que 
se  expidi6  recientemente  sobre  desinfecci6n  de  cueros  extranjeros,  y 
prescribe  el  siguiente  nuevo  procedimiento: 

Por  recomendaci6n  del  Secretario  de  Agricultura,  por  la  presente 
se  revoca  la  Circular  del  Departamento  de  18  de  julio  de  1907  (De- 
cisi6n  del  Tesoro  nfimero  28336)  relativa  &  la  desinfecci6n  de  cueros 
importados. 

De  acuerdo  con  las  prescripciones  de  la  Decisi6n  del  Tesoro  ndmero 
23212  .del  30  de  julio  de  1901,  se  exigir&n  certificados  de  desinfecci6n 
k  la  entrada  de  todos  los  cueros  del  ganado  que  se  haya  destinado  al 
consumo,  cuando  no  est6n  secos,  salados  6  preparados  con  ars^nico, 
procedentes  de  los  paises  europeos,  Africa,  Asia,  Australia  y  la 
America  del  Sur. 

Se  han  dado  instrucciones  &  los  oficiales  de  Aduana  para  que  con- 
sideren  como  importaciones  prohibidas  los  cueros  del  ganado  que 
se  haya  destinado  al  consumo  que  se  embarcan  k  los  Estados  Unidos 
sin  haber  sido  debidamente  desinfectados,  y  que  rehusen  la  entrada 
He  dichos  cueros,  en  los  cuales  deber&n  incluirse  los  de  temeros,  los 
recortes  de  cueros  y  material  para  cola,  asi  como  los  productos  del 
ganado  que  se  ha  destinado  al  consumo  que  se  embarquen  de  cuales- 
(|uiera  de  los  precitados  paises,  con  excepci6n  de  lo^  c.wfcT<^^^x^«i^>a»&* 


666    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAIi  DE   LAS  BEPUBUOAS  AMEBICANAS. 

recortes  y  el  material  para  cola  que  est6  seco,  salado  6  preparado  con 
ars^nico  6  que  se  haya  secado  con  cal  despu^s  dehaberse  remojado 
durante  cuarenta  dlas  en  una  soluci6n  fuetre  de  cal  (Decisi6n  del 
Tesoro  ntimero  15648  y  decisi6n  del  Tesoro  numero  15753)  y  exceplo 
los  cueros  del  rastro  que  son  productos  de  Suecia,  Noruega  y  la  Gran 
Bretana  (Decisi6n  del  Tesoro  ntimero  20582)  y  los  cueros  sacados 
del  ganado  americano  matado  en  sus  guaridas  en  la  Gran  Bretafia, 
en  todos  los  casos  en  que  las  facturas  no  vayan  acompaiiadas  de 
los  debidos  certificados  de  inspecci6n  expedidos  por  los  C6nsu]e& 
americanos  en  los  distritos  en  que  se  importen  dichos  cueros,  y  no 
se  permitirA  la  desinfecci6n  de  dichos  cueros  en  este  pais,  6  su  alma- 
cenaje  en  un  almac6n  de  dep6sito  general,  puesto  que  el  paso  de 
cueros  enfermos  por  el  pals  6  su  almacenaje  con  otras  mercankas, 
propenderia  d  propagar  la  enfermedad  del  ganado  en  los  E^stados 
Unidos. 


GUATEMALA. 

ESTADO  DEL  COMEBOIO  EN  lOOe. 

Segtin  un  informe  preparado  por  el  Encargado  de  Negocios  franofe 
en  Guatemala,  los  palses  que  representan  la  proporci6n  mayor  del 
comercio  de  Guatemala  son  Alemania,  Inglaterra  y  los  Estados 
Unidos.  La  siguiente  tabla  muestra  el  valor  de  las  importaciones 
hechas  de  diferentes  palses  en  1905  y  1906: 


Palses. 


1905.  1906. 


Estados  Unidos $3,067,018.71  S3, 037. 7». 93 

Inglaterra !  1,670,114.26  1,53S.80».» 

Alemania 1, 408,609,39  1,661.8B6.# 

Franda I  269,474.24  374.317.«0 

M6xico !  iil,  779. 33  46, 3«.  If 

Bdlgica i  101,229.45  .  147.316.» 

Espafia 86, 313. 84  H9. 317. » 

It^ia ,  •  83,290.60  lia.U^S 

America  del  Sur 68.408.46  23.90&M 

Japdn  y  China !  54,793.76  87.047.01 

America  Central !  27,149.49  '    49.063.<: 

Los  gfineros  de  algod6n  representan  28.80  por  ciento  de  los  artfculos 
importados;  los  efectos  conservados  en  lata,  los  vinos  y  licores  repre- 
sentan 17.19  por  ciento,  y  la  maquinaria  y  materiales  para  fem>- 
carriles  representan  un  14  por  ciento. 

El  valor  de  las  importaciones  de  material  para  ferrocarriles  que  en 
1905  s61o  lleg6  k  $93,811.25,  en  1906  ascendi6  k  $467,902.24,  6  sea  un 
aimiento  de  $347,090.99,  que  se  debe  &  la  construcci6n  de  un  ferro- 
carril  que  ha  de  conectar  &  Guatemala  con  Puerto-Barrios,  en  la  Costs 
del  Atl&ntico. 


GUATEMALA.  667 

Al  establecer  \ma  comparaci6n  de  las  exportaciones  de  los  princi- 
pales  articulos  en  estos  dos  afios,  se  obtienen  los  siguientes  resultados: 


ArtlculOB.  1005.  1906. 


Cai4  descaacarado quintales. .  507,639. 71 

Caf^  sin  deacaacarar id. . . .  378,970. 71 

Cueros id....  10,673.44 

Ooma id....  3,680.46 

liaderas pies  ctlbicos. .  4,386.614. 00 

Bananos .* raclmos. .  409,413. 00 

Attlcar quintales. .  32,598. 92 


483,179.94 

251,538.22 

14,028.40 

3,881.06 

3,568,742.00 

516,996.00 

15,729.22 


La  disminucidn  general  en  las  exportaciones  en  1906  se  debe  k  la 
baja  en  el  cambio. 

Los  principales  mercados  para  las  exportaciones  fueron  los  siguien- 
tes: Alemania,  que  compr6  55.45  porciento  del  caf6;  los  Estados  Uni- 
dos  compraron  29.08  por  ciento;  Inglaterra,  que  compr6  12.86  por 
ciento.  Sigucn  en  orden  de  importancia,  Chile,  Austria,  Espafia,  que 
representan  un  1  por  ciento.  Francia  no  figura  en  esta  lista  k  causa 
de  los  derechos  que  cobra.  En  cuanto  k  la  goma,  las  compras  que  hizo 
Alemania  representan  un  76  por  ciento;  los  Estados  Unidos  12.45  por 
ciento;  en  cuanto  k  las  maderas,  los  Estados  Unidos  compran  59.29 
por  ciento;  Alemania  compra  86.46  por  ciento  de  los  cueros,  el  Canada 
compra  49.14  por  ciento  del  aziicar;  los  Estados  Unidos  compran 
37.96  por  ciento  y  el  Jap6n  12.84  por  ciento. 

Todos  los  bananos  se  embarcan  para  los  Estados  Unidos. 

La  siguiente  tabla  muestra  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  Guate- 
mala k  los  principales  paises  en  1905  y  1906: 

Paises.  !  1905.  '  1906. 


Alemania ,    .  $4,078,643.46  $3,819,767.14 

Estados  Unidos .- 2,875,335. 35  2,159,880. 87 

Inriaterra I  1,050,487.39  864,991.64 

Mexico 63,307.17  64,696.36 

Am^ricadel  Sur |  45,711.46  65,251.67 

Aastria-Hongila I  37,088. 84  56,616. 02 

Espafia 9,275.16  37,087.0& 

Italia 17,788.28  3,233.72 

America  Central 7, 637. 92  4 , 578. 6a 

Otros  paises '  27,283. 57  30,325. 66- 


Las  principales  exportaciones  de  los  Estados  Unidos  k  Guatemala 
consistieron  de  alambre  de  cerca,  aparatos  el^ctricos,  arroz,  utensilios 
dom^sticos,  cristaleria,  bacalao,  carnes  secas  y  ahumadas,  canela, 
vinos  de  California,  harina,  sebo,  grasas,  tocino,  papas,  calzado  de 
todas  clases,  cotln,  efectos  en  latas,  articulos  de  peleteria,  carb6n  de 
piedra,  jabones,  efectos  de  ferreteria,  pinturas,  p61vora,  instrumentos 
de  mtisica,  productos  quimicos  y  farmac6uticos,  sombreros  de  fieltro 
y  de  otras  clases,  g6neros  de  algod6n  y  estampados,  herraduras, 
tuberfas,  instnmientos  de  agricultura,  hierro  para  construcciones^ 
3322&-Bull.  3—08 13 


668    OFICINA  INTERNACIONAL,  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBIOAKAS. 

maquinaria  de  fuerza  de  caballo  6  hidratilica;  y  materiales  para 
ferrocarriles. 

Con  motive  de  la  inauguraci6n  del  ferrocarril  del  norte,  que  connecta 
k  Guatemala  con  la  Costa  del  Atlfintico,  la  importancia  de  Puerto- 
Barrios  ser&  mucho  mayor,  sobre  todo  en  lo  que  se  relaciona  con  el 
comercio  de  importaci6n.  El  caf6  siempre  se  embarcar^  per  Io6 
Puertos  de  San  Jos6,  Guatemala,  Champerico,  y  Ocos,  pero  86I0 
recibir&n  mercanclas  procedentes  de  San  Francisco,  M6xico,  y,  in 
cantidades  menores,  de  los  palses  sudamericanos  que  quedan  pr6xi- 
mos  k  la  Costa  del  Atltotico,  en  tanto  que  el  tr&fico  por  el  Istmo  de 
Panamd  llegard  k  ser  insignificante. 

Guatemala  produce  un  promedio  de  7,OO0,OOO  k  8,000,000  de 
quintales  de  caf6  al  ano,  y  en  algunos  anos  excepcionales  la  producci6n 
ha  ascendido  k  10,000,000  de  quintales.  El  saco  de  caf6  que  pesa 
100  libras  espaiiolas,  vale  de  $7  k  $10.  Al  salir  del  pais,  el  caf6  paga 
un  derecho  de  $1  en  oro,  que  cobra  el  Gobierno,  y  ademfis  75  centavo6 
en  oro  por  el  transporte  al  Puerto  de  San  Jos6,  y  2  francos  porderechos 
de  embarque  y  de  muelle.  Si  k  esta  cantidad  se  agrega  la  coniisidn 
que  cobra  el  vendedor,  la  cantidad  del  flete  y  seguro  maritimos, 
resulta  una  suma  que  varia  desde  10  hasta  12  francos  per  quintal. 

El  trigo  se  cultiva  especialmente  en  Chimaltenango,  Huehnete- 
nango,  Quezaltenango,  Quiche,  San  Marcos,  Solola  y  Totonicapan, 
y  la  producci6n  solo  ascendi6  k  150,000,  quintales  que  no  representan 
ni  la  mitad  de  la  cantidad  que  se  necesita  para  el  consumo  domSstico. 
El  maiz  y  los  frijoles  constituyen  el  alimento  principal  de  los  hijos  del 
pals,  pero  el  cultivo  de  estos  articulos  estk  disminuyendo.  El  arroz 
se  cultiva  en  todos  los  Departamentos  que  tienen  im  clima  caliente  y 
htimedo,  pero  la  cantidad  que  se  produce  todavia  es  demasiado 
pequefia  para  abasteoer  la  demanda.  Otro  tanto  puede  decirse  en 
<3uanto  k  las  papas,  que  tambi6n  tienen  que  ser  importadas,  aunque 
8U  cultivo  se  ha  aimientado  algo  en  las  regiones  m&s  frias.  Tambi^n 
se  cultivan  la  zarzaparrilla,  la  vainilla  y  el  algod6n,  este  ultimo  en 
muy  pequefia  escala,  k  pesar  del  hecho  de  que  el  Gobierno  le  ha  hecho 
ciertas  concesiones  k  los  que  lo  cultivan,  y  de  que  hay  terrenos  muy 
propicios  para  dicho  cultivo,  en  los  cuales  se  han  hecho  ensayos  que 
han  dado  buenos  resultados. 

El  tabaco  que  se  cultiva  en  Guatemala  no  es  de  superior  calidad,  y 
en  Chiquimula,  Coban,  Jutiapa  y  Zacapa  se  cultiva  en  ima  escala  muy 
pequefia,  k  pesar  de  la  prima  que  el  Gobierno  le  concede  k  los  culti- 
vadores.  La  "United  States  Fruit  Company*'  cultiva  las  frutas  y 
especialmente  los  bananos,  en  el  Departamento  de  Isabel,  y  envla  los 
productos  k  Nueva  Orleans.  El  Gobierno  le  ha  concedido  primas  i 
los  que  cultivan  la  goma.  El  cacao  que  se  produce  en  Guatemala  ee 
de  superior  calidad,  y  se  consume  en  todas  partes  en  el  pais,  pK)r  mks 
que  es  im  50  por  ciento  mks  caro  que  el  cacao  importado.     El  cultivo 


GUATEMALA.  669 

de  la  cafia  de  azticar  constituye  una  de  las  industrias  mds  importantes 
&  juzgar  por  las  fincas  en  las  cuales  se  cultiva,  que  ascienden  k  1,300  y 
comprenden  un  drea  de  mds  de  15,000  hectdreas. 

En  Guatemala  hay  muchas  minas,  pero  hasta  ahora  se  han  explo- 
tado  pocas  y  de  una  manera  muy  anticuada.  En  el  oeste  de  dicha 
Repdblica  se  encuentran  minas  que  los  Indios  han  explotado  durante 
largo  tiempo,  al  paso  que  en  el  este  del  pais  hay  mmas  de  zmc,  plomo, 
cobre  y  plata  que,  con  la  inauguraci6n  del  ferrocarril  del  norte  y  la 
llnea  que  oonecta  k  Zacapa  con  la  frontera  del  Salvador,  se  convertir^n 
en  ima  fuente  de  gran  riqueza  para  el  pais.  La  falta  de  medios  de 
comunicaci6n  y  los  altos  precios  que  se  cobran  por  el  transporte  de 
dichos  metales,  constituyen  una  gran  r^mora  para  el  desarrollo  de  la 
industria  minera. 

En  la  parte  oriental  de  la  Repiiblica  se  encuentran  el  zinc  y  el  plomo 
en  gran  abimdancia.  En  la  parte  central,  los  dep6sitos  de  los  rlos 
Motagna  y  Polychic  contienen  arenas  aurlferas,  en  tanto  que  en  la 
costa  del  norte,  cerca  de  Santo  Tom&s,  se  encuentran  ricas  minas  de 
carb6n  de  piedra  que  no  se  han  explotado  atin.  En  los  alrededores  de 
Quezaltenango  se  encuentra  el  azogue,  y  los  indios  lo  extraen  en 
pequefias  cantidades,  pero  nada  m^s  que  para  el  consumo  local. 
Tambi^n  se  encuentran  el  6palo,  el  cuarzo,  amianto,  talco,  azufre, 
alumbre  y  la  mica  de  muy  buena  calidad. 

Las  leyes  del  pais  favorecen  la  industria  minera,  y  al  que  denuncia 
minas  le  conceden  la  exenci6n  de  toda  contribuci6n  al  explotarla, 
quedando  obligado  tinicamente  al  pago  de  una  indemnizaci6n  al 
duefio  del  terreno  donde  se  haya  descubierto  la  mina,  pero  k  pesar  de 
lo  que  queda  expuesto,  la  expresada  industria  todavfa  est6  en  su 
infancia. 

Los  hi] OS  del  pais  no  carecen  de  ideas  ni  de  habilidad,  segtin  puede 
verse  por  las  varias  empresas  en  que  se  han  ocupado,  y  muchos  de  los 
articulos  que  fabrican  pueden  competir  con  los  que  se  hacen  en  el 
extranjero. 

Entre  las  industrias  del  pais  pueden  mencionarse  la  f&brica  de 
algod6n  de  Cantel,  cerca  de>Quezaltenango,  que  emplea  250  obreros  y 
consimie  de  8,000  &  10,000  quintales  de  algod6n  por  alio;  la  ''Central 
American  Brewery,"  qus  es  la  mfis  importante  de  Guatemala,  y  que 
emplea  250  obreros  y  f abrica  la  cerveza  de  cevada  chilena  y  Ifipulo  de 
Baviera;  ima  pequefta  f Abrica  de  cerveza  situada  cerea  de  Que- 
zaltenango, varias  f&bricas  de  aguas  minerales,  trapiches  para  moler 
cafia  de  azticar,  talleres  para  secar  y  acondicionar  el  caf6,  una  ffirica 
de  calzado  y  otra  de  muebles  que  funcionan  con  maquinaria  de  vapor, 
situadas  cerca  de  Quezaltenango. 

Los  tejidos  del  pais  consist  en  de  cortes,  6  enaguas,  servilletas  y 
delantales. 

La  ciudad  de  Guatemala  obtiene  su  a 
el^ctricas,  una  de  las  cuales  ei 


670    OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAIi  DE  LAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMEBIC  AN  AS. 

y  la  otra  &  una  distancia  de  treinta  millas.  El  alumbrado  es  bastante 
costoso,  pues  una  l&mpara  de  una  potencia  de  doce  bujias  cuesta  como 
12  pesos  al  mes,  6  sean  como  5  francos. 

En  la  ciudad  de  Antigua  hay  una  tenerla  importante,  pero  los 
articulos  que  produce  no  son  de  muy  buena  calidad.  Se  han  estable- 
cido  otras  tenerlas  pero  no  han  tenido  mucho  6xito. 

Tambi^n  hay  una  f&brica  de  jabones  ordinarios  y  medicinales,  as! 
como  de  aguas  de  tocador,  que  se  hacen  de  alcohol  y  que  han  dado 
resultados  muy  satisfactorios. 


MEXICO. 

COMERCIO  EXTEBIOB  EN  LOS  CINCO  PBIMEItOS  MESES  DE  1907-^. 

Segun  datos  publicados  por  la  secci6n  de  estadlstica  del  Departa- 
mento  de  Hacienda  de  la  Reptiblica  Mexicana,  el  valor  de  las  importa- 
ciones  durante  los  cinco  primero  meses  de  1907-8  (julio  4  noviembre 
de  1907),  ascendi6  d  $103,403,272.82  en  moneda  mexicana,  suma  que, 
comparada  con  la  de  $87,947,188.68  en  que  estuvieron  avaluadas  las 
del  mismo  perlodo  del  ano  anterior,  demuestra  un  aumento  de 
$15,456,084.14  en  favor  del  corriente  ejercicio.  El  valor  de  las 
importaciones  que  se  hicieron  durante  el  mes  de  noviembre  de  1907 
fu6  de  $20,604,265.16,  que  en  comparaci6n  con  $19,572,488.49  del 
mismo  mes  de  1906,  representa  un  aumento  de  $1,031,776.67. 

Las  exportaciones  estuvieron  avaluadas  en  la  cantidad  de 
$109,928,021.86  en  moneda ' mexicana,  que  arroja  un  aumento  de 
$13,786,352.06,  comparada  con  la  de  $96,141,669.80  k  que  ascendio 
el  valor  de  las  despachadas  durante  los  mismos  meses  de  1906-7. 
Los  productos  que  se  exportaron  durante  el  mes  de  noviembre  de 
1907  representaron  un  valor  de  $23,554,571.60,  comparado  con  el  de 
$23,372,677.89  del  mismo  mes  de  1906,  es  decir,  un  aumento  de 
$181,893.71. 

BENTAS   ADUANEBAS    DURANTE    LOS    SIETE    PBIMER08    MESES 

DE  1907-8.   . 

Las  aduanas  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Mexico  recaudaron  durante  los 
siete  primeros  meses  del  ano  cconomico  de  1907-8  una  rent  a  total 
de  $34,695,358.60,  que  se  distribuye  en  la  siguiente  forma,  dindose 
tambi^n  las  cifras  correspondientes  al  mismo  periodo  de  1906-7  por 
via  de  comparaci6n: 

1907-8.  1906>7. 


Dorrohos  de  importacltfn i  $33,318,763^78  '  S29,20XSMlS1 

Derw'hos  de  exportacidn 1  668, 778. 23  |  630,711  S 

DertH'hos  do  puerto I  807,816159  ffiW,>Mt 

Total [  34,e95,35&60  30»4«2,aiS7 


MEXICO.  671 

Comparando  los  totales,  se  observa  un  aumento  de  $4,252,929.03 
&  favor  de  los  siete  primeros  meses  de  1907-8. 

ESTABIiECIMIENTO  DE  ALMACENES  BEFBIGEB ADOBES. 

El  dfa  15  de  febrero  de  1908,  se  promulg6  el  contrato  celebrado 
entre  el  Gobiemo  de  la  Reptiblica  de  M6xico  y  la  Compaflla  Empaca- 
dora  Nacional  Mexicana,  para  establecer  en  la  Reptiblica  dos  alma- 
cenes  refrigeradores  y  cuatro  mercados  6  dep6sitos  para  la  refrigera- 
ci6n,  conservaci6n  y  manejo  de  productos  alimenticios.  La  cantidad 
minima  del  capital  que  deber&  invertir  la  compafLia  en  estos  estable- 
cimientos  est&  fijada  en  200,000  pesos.  Los  concesionarios  podr&n, 
adem^,  establecer  otros  almacenes  y  mercados  en  los  lugares  de  la 
Rep6blica  que  conviniere  k  sus  intereses,  previa  la  aprobaci6n  de  la 
Secretarfa  de  Fomento.     La  duraci6n  del  contrato  es  de  diez  afios. 

LOS  NT7EVOS  CONSULADOS  EN  LA  AM^BICA  CENTBAL. 

Conforme  k  la  reciente  iniciativa  presentada  por  la  Secretarfa  de 
Relaciones  Exteriores  al  Congreso  de  la  Uni6n,  este  poder  aprob6  la 
creaci6n  de  nuevos  consulados  mexicanos  en  Centro-Am6rica.  Las 
designaciones  de  nuevos  consulados  y  los  nombramientos  de  C6nsules 
fueron  hechos  por  la  Secretarfa  de  Relaciones  Exteriores  en  la  forma 
siguiente: 

Guatemala:  C6nsul,  Sefior  Fidel  RoDRfouEZ  Parra. 

Nicaragua:  C6nsul-General,  Sefior  Juan  B.  Delgado. 

Costa  Rica:  C6nsul-General,  Sefior  Jos6  M.  Chaparro. 

Honduras:  C6nsul-General,  Sefior  Jos6  Manuel  Gutierrez 
Zamora. 

Salvador:  C6nsul-General,  Sefior  Bernardo  Ceballos. 

BASE  EN  PLATA  DE  LOS  IMPT7ESTOS  DE  TIMBBE  Y  ADUANA  EN 

MABZO  DE  1008. 

La  circular  que  bublica  mensualmente  el  Departamento  de  Ha- 
cienda y  Cr6dito  Publico  de  M6xico  anuncia  que  el  precio  legal  por 
kilogramo  de  plata  pura  durante  el  mes  de  marzo  de  1908  serA  de 
$36.62,  con  arreglo  k  los  c6lculos  hechos  de  acuerdo  con  el  decreto 
de  25  de  marzo  de  1905.  Este  precio  servirA  de  base  para  calcular 
el  impuesto  de  timbre  y  los  derechos  de  aduanas. 

DEPdSITOS  DE  ASF  ALTO  DE  LA  BEPT^BLICA. 

En  un  informe  consular  brittoico  sobre  los  dep6sitos  de  asfaltos  de 
la  Reptiblica  de  Mexico,  se  hace  constar  que  la  producci6n  de  dicho 
artlculo  se  limita  principalmente  k  los  distritos  de  Tuxpan  y  Tampico, 
en  el  Golfo  de  Mexico.  Se  est&  efectuando  un  gran  desarroUo  en  esta 
industria,  especialmente  en  el  distrito  de  Tuxpan,  cuyo  producto 
obtiene  im  precio  muy  alto  en  los  mercados  del  mundo.     En  la 


672    OFICINA  INTERNACIONALi  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMBBICAKAS. 

actualidad  la  demanda  es  mayor  que  el  acopio  que  existe  de  dicho 
producto.  De  cuando  en  cuando  se  hacen  pequeflos  embarques  i 
Europa,  y  mayormente  k  Alemania.  El  promedio  del  precio  del 
asfalto  mexicano  es  como  de  55  pesos  mexicanos  por  tonelada. 

El  producto  de  Tampico  consiste  mayormente  de  los  residues  del 
aceite  producido  por  la  ''Mexican  Petroleum  Company,''  establecida 
en  Ebano,  que  estd  k  unas  40  millas  al  oeste  de  Tampico.  Los  pro- 
ductos  de  la  destilaci6n  de  este  asfalto  llquido  sin  refinar  se  iisan  como 
aceite  de  combustible.  La  destileria  de  Ebano  puede  produeir  como 
50  toneladas  de  asfalto  diarias,  pero  debido  al  limitado  abastecimento 
de  barriles  que  puede  obtenerse  para  los  fines  del  embarque,  hasta 
ahora  no  ha  producido  la  expresada  cantidad. 

Dlcese  que  en  los  distritos  de  Tampico  y  Tuxpan  hay  centenares  de 
millares  de  toneladas  de  asfalto,  pero  la  producci6n  de  6ste  hasta  ahora 
est^  en  su  infancia.  En  las  cindades  mayores  de  toda  la  Repdblica 
se  aumenta  r6.pidamente  la  demanda  del  asfalto,  y  se  espera  que 
dentro  de  pocos  afios  esta  industria  se  desarrolle  considerablemente. 

La  terminaci6n  del  Canal  de  Tuxpan  tambifin  contribuir4  grande- 
mente  k  allanar  las  dificultades  del  transporte  desde  las  zonas  de 
asfalto  hasta  el  puerto  de  Tampico. 


NICARAGUA. 

AUMENTO  DE  LA  EMISI(5N  DE  BONOS  DE  EXPOBTACldN. 

Con  fecha  6  de  fobrero  do  1908,  el  Gobiemo  de  Nicara^a  dis- 
puso  aumentar  la  emision  de  bonos  de  exportacion  decretada  el 
20  de  noviembre  de  1907,  hasta  la  cantidad  de  $400,000  oro,  inclu- 
yendo  la  ya  emitida.  De  la  emision  original  se  di6  cuenta  oportuna 
en  el  Boletin  del  mes  de  diciembre  de  1907. 

PRIVILEGIO  PARA  LA  EXPLOTACICSN  DE  LA  GUTAPEKCHA. 

La ''Gaceta  Oficiar^  de  Nicaragua,  de  fecha  28  de  enero  de  1908, 
publica  el  texto  de  un  importante  contrato  celebrado  entre  el  Gobierao 
y  Don  Rene  John  La  Villebeuvre,  celebrado  el  28  de  noviembre  de 
1907,  y  aprobado  el  18  de  diciembre  de  1907  por  la  Asamblea  Nacional 
Legislativa,  per  el  cual  se  concede  al  contratista  pri\alegio  exclusivo, 
por  veinte  anos,  para  extraer  y  elaborar  la  goma  del  &rbol  conocido 
generalmente  con  el  nombre  de  tuno  6  gutapercha  en  los  terrenes 
nacionales  de  la  zona  que  comprenden  la  comarca  del  Cabo  de  Gra- 
cias  k  Dios,  el  Distrito  de  Prinzapolka,  el  Departamento  de  Jinotega. 
y  la  parte  del  Departamento  de  Nueva  Segovia  situada  al  oriente  del 
3Ieridiano  ochenta  y  seis.  El  concesionario  pagar&  al  Gobiemo  2 
centavos   oro  per  cada  VaXogic^mo  di^  ^otsi^  q^m^  se  extraiga.    El 


NIOARAGQA.  673 

Gobiemo  le  concede  por  el  tiempo  del  privilegio  la  libre  importaci6n 
de  la  maquinaria,  etc.,  que  sean  necesarios  para  el  establecimiento  y 
desarrroUo  de  esta  nueva  industria. 

PRIVILEGIO   PABA   LA   EXPLOTACldN  BE   MINEBALES   Y 
PIEDBAS  PBECIOSAS. 

La  Asamblea  Nacional  Legislativa  de  la  Reptiblica  de  Nicaragua 
aprob6  el  6  de  enero  de  1908  un  importante  contrato  celebrado  entre 
el  Gobiemo  y  Don  Ren6  John  La  Vellebeuvbe  el  6  de  diciembre  de 
1907,  y  publicado  en  la  * 'Gaceta  Oficiar'  del  28  de  enero  de  1908.  For 
los  t^rminos  de  dicho  contrato,  el  Gobiemo  de  Nicaragua  cede  en 
arrendamiento  al  mencionado  Sefior  La  Villebeuvre  todas  las  minas, 
dep6sitos  minerales,  lavaderos,  minas  abandonadas  de  conforawdad 
con  la  ley,  terrenos  y  tierras,  arroyos,  camas  de  rios,  etc.,  que  con- 
tengan  oro,  plata,  carb6n  de  piedra,  aceites,  piedras  preciosas,  y 
cualesquiera  otras  clases  de  minerales  y  metales  preciosos;  en  una 
palabra,  todo  lo  que  pueda  comprenderse  bajo  la  denoniinaci6n  de 
minerales  y  piedras  preciosas  que  se  hallen  situados  en  la  jurisdicci6n 
de  Prinzapolka,  Departamento  de  Zelaya,  en  las  quebradas  Siuna  y 
Malis,  lo  mismo  que  el  rio  Banbana  hasta  su  confluencia  con  el  rio 
Uamado  Banbana  Cruz,  en  los  afluentes  de  aqu^l  desde  sus  cabeceras, 
y  en  una  &rea  que  se  extiende  desde  las  expresadas  quebradas, 
rio  Banbana  y  sus  afluentes,  con  un  ancho  de  2^  kil6metro8 
que  se  medir&n  de  uno  y  otro  lado  del  lecho  y  cabeceras  respectivas.  \ 
Se  exceptdan  las  minas  que  hubieran  sido  denimciadas  con  ante- 
rioridad  k  la  aprobaci6n  del  contrato  por  la  Asamblea  Legislativa. 
Los  trabajos  de  exploraci6n  deber^n  comenzar  dentro  de  los  seis 
meses  siguientes  k  la  misma  fecha.  Durante  la  vigencia  del  contrato, 
las  minas  explotadas  por  el  concesionario  estar^n  exentas  de  toda 
clase  de  impuesto,  excepto  los  derechos  de  patente  de  que  trata  el 
C6digo  de  Mineria,  y,  asimismo,  la  importaci6n  de  maquinaria,  herra- 
mientas,  etc.,  para  la  explotaci6n  de  que  trata  el  contrato  serk 
libre.  Como  precio  del  arrendamiento,  el  concesionario  pagar&  al 
Gobiemo  durante  el  perlodo  del  contrato,  el  10  por  ciento  de  las 
ganancias  Uquidas.  El  concesionario  podr&  establecer  lineas  de 
embarcaciones  en  los  rIos  Prinzapolka  y  Banbana  y  sus  afluentes,  y 
tambi^n  podr&  construir  un  ferrocarril  para  facilitar  sus  trabajos 
de  mineria.  La  duraci6n  del  contrato  ser&  de  treinta  afios  que  em 
pezardn  k  contarse  desde  la  fecha  de  la  aprobaci6n  legislativa. 

DBAGAJE  DE  LA  BABBA  Y  NAVEGACldN  BEL  BfO  GBANDE. 

Con  fecha  21  de  diciembre  de  1907,  la  Asamblea  Nacional  Legisla- 
tiva de  Nicaragua  aprob6  un  contrato  celebrado  entre  el  Gobiemo 
y  el  Doctor  Jesus  Hernandez  Somoza  el  30  de  noviembre  de  l^Ci^  ^ 
publicado  en  la  ''Gaceta  Oficiar'  de\  21  de  eneto  die  V^^"^,  ^^^'^  ^ 


674    OFICINA  INTEENACIONALi  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMSBICAKA8. 

dragaje  y  la  profundizaci6n  de  la  barra  del  Rio  Grande^  de  tal  manera 
que  los  vapores  adecuados  para  el  tr4fico  de  bananos  puedan  peoe- 
trar  en  dicho  lio.  La  empresa  dard  principio  k  los  trabajos  al 
cabo  de  un  alio,  y  los  temiinarfi  doce  meses  despu6s  de  empezados, 
partiendo  de  la  fecha  de  la  ratificaci6n  del  contrato  por  la  Asamblea 
Legislativa.  El  capital  que  se  empleard  en  la  obra  no  bajari  de 
$100,000  oro  americano. 

El  toncesionario  establecer&  la  navegaci6n  &  vapor  6  gasolina,  6 
de  ambos  modos,  en  dicho  Rio  Grande  y  sus  tributarios,  lo  mismo 
que  construir&  tranvias,  lineas  telef6mcas  y  telegrdficas,  y  plantas 
elfictricas,  comprometifindose  &  hacer  navegar  el  primer  vapor  dentro 
de  dieciocho  meses  despufe  de  la  aprobaci6n  legislativa  del  contrato, 
y  k  continuar  la  navegaci6n  citada  por  todo  el  tiempo  que  dure  la 
concesi6n.  Los  vapores  harto  viajes  peri6dicos  de  ida  y  vuelta 
desde  la  boca  del  rio  &  un  pimto  k  lo  largo  del  mismo.  El  Gobiemo 
concede  k  la  empresa  el  derecho  de  denunciar  y  adquirir  88,000  man- 
zanas  de  terreno  al  precio  que  fija  la  ley  agraria  de  1902.  El  con- 
cesionario  podr6.  introducir  inmigrantes  para  colonizar  y  cultivar  los 
terrenos  que  se  le  adjudiquen. 

La  empresa  construird  una  bodega  y  muelle  en  la  Isla  Man  of  War 
Cay,  6  fin  de  que  los  vapores  oce&nicos  puedan  embarcar  y  desem- 
barcar  la  carga  alld  mientras  se  abre  la  barra  de  Rio  Grande  y  puedan 
penetrar  en  el  rio  las  embarcaciones.  Por  razones  de  conveniencia, 
se  declara  expresamente  en  el  contrato  que  la  Isla  Man  of  War  Cay 
aerk  considerada  como  parte  del  puerto  de  Zelaya. 

En  compensaci6n  de  los  servicios  que  los  intereses  de  la  agricultura 
y  el  comercio  reciban  de  la  empresa,  el  Gobiemo  concede  k  6sta  el 
derecho  de  cobrar  un  impuesto  de  5  centavos  por  cada  racimo  6 
parte  de  racimo  de  bananos  que  se  embarquen  para  ser  exportados. 
La  empresa  podr^  tambi^n  cobrar  de  4  &  8  pesos  oro  por  cada 
pie  de  calado  delas  embarcaciones  que  arriben  al  puerto.  Durante  el 
tiempo  del  convenio,  los  vapores,  propiedades  y  productos  de  la 
empresa  estar^n  exentos  de  impuestos,  y  asimismo  tendrd  derecho 
63ta  para  importar  libre  de  derechos  la  maquinaria,  materiales,  etc., 
que  necesite.  Las  ball j  as  del  correo  serkn  trasportadas  en  los  vapores 
de  la  compafiia  gratuitamente. 

Las  concesiones  otorgadas  en  este  contrato  serkn  vilidas  por  el 
tfirmino  de  treinta  aiios,  k  contar  desde  la  ratificaci6n  del  Poder 
Legislativo,  y  d  la  expiraci6n  de  ese  tiempo  las  aduanas  y  los  muelles 
pasarto  k  ser  propiedad  exclusiva  del  Gobiemo.  Los  vapores,  tran- 
vias,  tel^fonos,  y  tel^grafos  ser^n  vendidos  al  Gobiemo,  si  lo  deseare. 
La  empresa  se  obliga  k  depositar  en  la  Tesoreria  Greneral  de  la  Repdi- 
blica  la  cantidad  de  $5,000  oro  americano,  dentro  de  los  seis  meses 
siguientes  k  la  ratificaci6n  de  este  contrato  por  la  Asamblea  Nacional. 


NICARAGUA.  676 

NUEVO  FEBBOCABBIL. 

El  Gobiemo  de  Nicaragua  ha  celebrado  un  contrato  con  los  Sefiores 
Cerda  y  MuNOZ,  por  virtud  del  cual  estos  tiltimos  se  comprometen  & 
organizar  una  compafLla  que  tendrd  por  objeto  construir  un  ferro- 
carril  que  se  eytenderd  desde  el  puerto  de  San  Juan  del  Sur  por  el 
Paclfico,  pasard  por  Rivas  y  terminard  en  San  Jorge  6  en  cualquier 
puerto  habilitado  en  el  Gran  Lago.  Dicha  compafLia  se  organizar& 
dentro  de  los  seis  meses  siguientes  &  la  fecha  en  que  dicho  contrato 
sea  aprobado  por  el  Ejecutivo  y  ratificado  por  la  Asamblea  Nacional, 
y  la  nueva  linea  se  denominar&  "CompafLia  del  Ferrocarril  Meri- 
dional.'' 

Las  estipulaciones  principales  del  contrato  son  las  siguientes: 

La  compafLla  hard  los  estudios  completos  para  lleyar  k  cabo  la  cons- 
trucci6n  de  la  llnea,  debiendo  principiar  los  trabajos  dentro  de  los 
treinta  dias  siguientes  &  la  fecha  en  que  notifique  id  Gobiemo  haber 
quedado  organizado,  y  los  pianos  se  someter&n  &  la  aprobaci6n  del 
Ministerio  de  Fomento,  y  al  ser  6stos  aprobados,  se  comenzard  la 
construcci6n  de  la  llnea. 

La  compafila  contratante  se  compromete  k  darle  k  la  via  el  ancho 
que  tiene  la  del  Ferrocarril  Nacional,  asl  como  k  levantar  las  casas  de 
estaci6n  necesarias  para  el  tr&fico  de  pasajeros,  transporte  de  mer- 
canclas,  etc. 

En  cuanto  k  las  pendientes^  curvas,  ancho  de  la  via  y  peso  de  los 
rieles,  la  compafLfa  habrd  de  sujetarse  k  la  regulaci6n  que  se  observa 
en  el  ferrocarril  actual,  y  adem&s  construird  desviaderos,  tanques  de 
agua,  dep6sitos  de  lefLa  y  carb6n,  talleres,  etc. 

La  compafLia  queda  obligada  k  transportar  gratuitamente  las  bali- 
jas  del  correo,  asi  como  los  empleados  que  las  conduzcan,  y  por  la 
mitad  de  los  precios  de  tarifa,  k  los  empleados  p6blicos  que  viajen  en 
comisi6n  oficial,  k  los  agentes  y  resguardos  de  agricultura  y  policia,  k 
los  reos  y  escoltas  que  los  custodien  y  d  las  tropas,  armamentos  y  mxmi- 
ciones,  en  tiempo  de  guerra. 

En  tal  caso,  el  Gobiemo  podr&  tomar  la  empresa  por  su  cuenta, 
pag&ndole  dnicamente  ima  cantidad  igual  k  los  beneficios  liquidos  que 
se  hubieren  obtenido  el  afLo  anterior  en  igual  periodo,  y  adem&s 
reconocer&  los  dafios  y  perjuicios  que  se  causen  k  la  empresa,  segtin 
tasaci6n  de  peritos. 

La  compania  tendr&  el  derecho  exclusivo  de  fijar  la  tarifa  del  ferro- 
carril, que  no  podrk  exceder  de  5  centavos  oro  por  miUa,  en  los  pasajes 
de  primera  clase,  y  2^  centavos  oro  por  milla,  en  los  de  segimda  clase, 
y  el  llmite  de  los  fletes  serd  10  centavos  en  oro  por  tonelada  por  cada 
milla. 

Si  el  Gobiemo  resolviese  conceder  el  derecho  exclusivo  de  cons- 
truir una  linea  ffirrea  entre  Rivas  y  Granada,  la  Compafila  del  Ferro- 
carril Meridional  tendrA  el  derecho  de  prelaci6n 


676    OFICINA  INTERNACIONALr  DE  LAS  KEP^LICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

El  Gobiemo  le  concede  &  la  Compafila  el  derecho  de  construir  y 
explotar  en  el  t6rmino  del  ferrocarril,  en  el  lago,  salvo  el  puerto  de 
San  Jos6,  un  muelle  con  su  correspondiente  bodega,  y  p5dr&  p>oner  en 
el  Gran  Lago  uno  6  mfis  vapores  para  efectuar  el  transporte  de  pasa- 
jeros  y  carga,  y  el  ntimero  de  vapores  que  estime  conveniente  en  d 
Paclfico  para  el  comercio  de  cabotaje  con  los  puertos  de  la  America 
Central. 

Transcniridos  treinta  afios,  k  contar  de  la  fecha  de  la  inauguraci6n 
del  ferrocarril,  el  Gobiemo  tendrfi.  derecho  k  tomar  posesi6n  de  la 
empresa  y  sus  dependencias  mediante  el  pago  de  costo  de  los  materiales, 
construcci6n  y  mejoras  que  posteriormente  se  hayan  hecho,  6  el  monto 
que  resulte  de  una  tasaci6n  pericial,  si  asl  lo  deseare  el  Gobiemo, 
efectuando  el  pago  mediante  la  emisi6n  de  bonos  que  devenguen  un 
6  por  ciento  de  interns  anual,  amortizables  en  seis  afios  per  sorteos 
semestrales  y  garantizados  con  la  hipoteca  del  mismo  ferrocarril,  6 
al  contado.  Si  no  hiciese  uso  de  este  derecho,  en  el  t6rmino  indicado. 
podrd,  al  terminar  los  cuarenta  alios,  tomar  posesi6n  de  la  empresa  en 
las  condiciones  precitadas,  con  un  25  por  ciento  de  rebaja;  y  si  no 
quisiese  hacer  uso  de  este  derecho  que  se  reserva,  una  vez  trans- 
curridos  cincuenta  afios,  podr&  tomar  posesi6n  de  toda  la  empresa  k 
tltulo  gratuito. 

Durante  el  t6rmino  de  esta  concesi6n  la  expresada  compafila  tendr4 
derecho  k  introducir,  libre  de  toda  clase  de  impuestos,  todos  los 
materiales,  titiles,  herramientas,  los  aparatos  y  materiales  telegr&ficos 
y  telef6nicos,  asl  como  todo  lo  que  estime  indispensable  para  la  cons- 
trucci6n  de  muelles  y  bodegas,  y  tambi^n  los  utiles  y  materiales  para 
el  consumo  de  sus  vapores. 

La  compafila  tendrfi.  su  oficina  principal  en  Rivas,  y  si  traspasase 
sus  derechos  k  persona  6  compafila  de  nacionalidad  extranjera,  siempre 
deberd  tener  su  oficina  principal  en  Nicaragua. 

Una  vez  que  el  ferrocarril  se  haya  inaugurado  y  puesto  al  servicio 
publico,  el  Gobiemo  garantizarfi.  4  la  compafila  el  7  por  ciento  de 
interns  anual  sobre  el  monto  del  capital  invertido  en  toda  la  empresa. 


PANAMA. 

IMPORTACIONES  Y  EXPORTACIONES  EN  1907. 

Segtin  los  informes  que  el  Sr.  Izidoro  Hazera,  Secretario  del 
Tesoro  de  la  ReptiblicaMe  Panama,  le  ha  proporcionado  al  BoLETfx 
Mensual,  el  valor  de  las  importaciones  y  exportaciones  de  dicho 
pals  en  1907  ascendi6  k  Bl7,204,983.77  y  Bl, 960,664.92,  respectiva- 


PERU.  677 

mente.     La  siguiente  tabla  muestra  el  valor  de  las  importaciones 
en  1907,  por  palses: 

Balboas. 

Estados  Unidos 5, 196, 964. 38 

Inglaterra 2, 028, 112.01 

Alemania 1, 061, 858. 75 

Francia 334,906.49 

Espafia 191,908.15 

Italia 189, 711. 75 

B^lgica 149, 765. 18 

Holanda 4, 348. 00 

Hongkong  (del  Jap<5n  y  de 

Australia) 97, 213. 65 

Las  Antillas,  incluso  Cu- 
rasao   88,435.39 

La  siguiente  tabla  muestra  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  de  la 
Reptiblica  enl907: 

De  Bocas  del  Toro :  Balboas. 

Guineos  (bananoa) 1, 388, 321. 75 

Zarza 14,180.00 

Carey 8, 347. 50 

Caucho 8, 335. 00 

Cacao 2, 673.00 

Cocos 1, 227.00 


Chile 

Salvador 

Ecuador 

Venezuela.. 
Guatemala.. 
Perd 

Balboas. 
60, 101. 15 
91,850.00 
30,536.31 
30, 101. 20 
4,450.00 
4, 187. 50 

Importaciones  de   Nueva 
York  &  la  Zona  del  Canal 
5in  pagar  derechos 

Total    de    importa- 
ciones en  1907 . . . 

7, 640, 533. 86 
17,204,983.77 

1,423,084.26 


De  Portobelo: 

Cocos 126,046.06 

Taguas 11,014.00 

Cal  y  otros 5, 279. 00 

Leche  de  mlspero 4, 704. 00 

Carey 4, 690. 00 

Cacao 2, 950. 00 

Maderas 200.00 

Caucho 97.00 

Cueros 66. 00 

155,046.06 

De  Panamd: 

Productos  diversod 282, 866. 66 

De  Coldn: 

Cocos,  marfil  vegetal,  cueros,  etc 99, 667. 95 


Valor  total  de  exportaciones  en  1907 1, 960, 664. 92 

Al  establecerse  una  comparaci6n  del  valor  de  las  exportaciones  en 

1906,  que  ascendi6  k  1,064,201,  con  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  en 

1907,  que  ascendi6  &  1,960,664.92,  resulta  un  aumento  de  842,643.92 
&  favor  de  1907. 


PERtr. 

BENTiUS  ADUANEBAS  DUBANTE  EL  PBIMEB  SEMESTBE  DE  1907. 

Durante  el  primer  semes tre  de  1907,  las  aduanas  marftimas  de  la 
Reptiblica  del   Perfi  recaudaron  ima  renta  total   de  £513,791.4.07, 


678    OFICINA  INTEBNAGIONAIi  DE  LAS  BEPUBLIGAS  AMBKICAKAS. 

de  cuya  cantidad  solamente  la  aduana  del  Callao    recaud6  £348,- 
226.2.73. 

COMEBCIO  CON  NTJEVA  TOBK  EN  LOS   NTJEVE  PBUCBKOS   MB8E8 

D£  1907. 

Segtin  un  informe  del  C6n8iil-General  del  Per6  en  Nueva  York,  el 
comercio  entre  aquella  Reptiblica  y  el  puerto  mencionado  durante 
los  nueve  primeros  meses  de  1907  fu6  como  sigue:  Importaciones 
recibidas  del  Per6  en  Nueva  York,  $4,308,683 ;  exportaciones  envia- 
das  al  Pert!  por  el  puerto  de  Nueva  York,  $3,794,093.  Comparando 
estas  cifras,  se  ver&  que  la  diferencia  est&  &  favor  del  Perti,  ascen- 
diendo  &  $514,590. 

BENTAd  ADTTANEBAS  DE  MOLLENDO  EN  10O7. 

Segtin  cifras  publicadas  en  ''El  Auxiliar  del  Comercio,''  del  Callao, 
Per6,  del  25  de  enero  de  1908,  la  aduana  de  MoUendo  recaud6 
durante  el  alio  de  1907  una  renta  total  de  £176,564.3.40,  en  com- 
paraci6n  con  la  de  £160,372.6.15  percibida  en  1906,  6  sea  un  aumento 
de  £16,192.7.25  &  favor  de  1907.  La  renta  de  1904  ascendi6  k 
£135,453.0.40,  y  la  de  1905  k  £145,364.1.82. 

BECONSTBUCCldN  DEL  FEBBOCABBIL  DE   MOaUEGUA. 

Por  suprema  resoluci6n  de  3  de  enero  de  1908,  se  acept6  por 
el  Gobiemo  Peruano  la  propuesta  de  Don  M.  Bustamante  t  B. 
para  la  recoristrucci6n  del  Ferrocarril  de  Moquegua  por  la  suma  de 
£23,286,  que  era  la  mfi.s  baja  de  las  cuatro  que  se  presentaron  de 
acuerdo  con  la  .licitaci6n  que  sac6  el  Gobiemo.  El  ferrocarril  de 
que  se  trata  es  el  de  Ilo  k  Moquegua,  inaugurado  el  21  de  febrero  de 
1873  con  100  kil6metros  de  longitud,  y  que  fu6  destruldo  durante 
la  guerra  con  Chile. 

En  distintas  6pocas  se  ban  hecho  tentativas  para  verificar  U 
reconstrucci6n  de  la  llnea,  pero  todas  resultaron  sin  6xito. 

De  acuerdo  con  el  contrato  que  se  ha  celebrado  con  el  Sefior  Bus- 
tamante, fete  deberfi.  hacer  la  entrega  de  las  partes  concluidas  de  la 
llnea  de  20  en  20  kil6metros,  y  la  definitiva  de  toda  llnea  despu^ 
de  seis  meses  de  haberse  entregado  el  filtimo  trecho  de  20  kil6metros. 
Se  construirfi.  im  trecho  adicional  de  1  kil6metro  para  que  el  ferro- 
carril Uegue  hasta  Moquegua.  La  duraci6n  del  trabajo  ser4  de 
nueve  meses  despu6s  de  que  se  haya  entregado  al  contratista  una 
locomotora,  bajo  pena  de  ima  multa  de  10  por  ciento  sobre  el  valor 
de  los  trabajos  dejados  de  hacer  en  ese  plazo. 


OFICINA  INTERN  ACIONAIi  DB  LAS  REP^LICAS  AMEBIC  AN  AS     679 

SALVADOR. 

COMEBOIO  EXTBANJBBO  EN  1907. 

La  siguiente  tabla  muestra  el  valor  de  las  exportaciones  hechas  al 
extranjero  por  los  puertos  de  la  Rep6blica  durante  los  nueve  primeros 
meses  de  1907: 


PalBos. 


Valor. 


Colones. 

Alemania 2, 339,  C61. 67 

America  Inglesa 42,883.00 

Austrla-Hungrla i  745,224.00 

B61gioa 1,200.00 

BrasU 10,000.00 

Costa  Rica 36,018.01 

Chile 43,170.40 

Dinamarca 302.00 

Ecuador 38, 660. 00 

Eapafla 482, 826. 61 

Eetados  Unldoe 4,306,723.04 

Francia 2,687,141.63 

Gran  Bretafla 626, 313. 76 

Guatemala 4,478.47  I 


Palsed. 


Hawai 

Holanda... 
Honduras. 

Italia 

M6xioo.... 
Nicaragua. 
Noruega... 
Panama... 

Perti 

Rusia 

Sueda 


Valor. 


Colones. 

1,63a  00 

4, 63a  00 

139,217.67 

1,624,917.81 

78,60a00 

8,107.63 

91,131.90 

260,967.80 

41,413.00 

13, 77a  00 

269,026.00 


Total 13,703,193.10 


Los  principales  articulos  de  exportaci6n  durante  el  perfodo  de 
referencia  fueron  los  siguientes: 


Articulos. 

Valor. 

Caf^ 

Colones. 
10,382,060.42 

Oro  en  barras 

1,462,021.00 

Plata  auiUera  y  en  bruto 

888,666.76 

Axucar 

380,017.60 

Aftll 

195,224.65 

BAlsaiPO 

130,276.00 

Cueros  de  res 

87,217.92 

Tabaco 

45.089.24 

Articulos. 


Hule 

Plomo  en  bruto 

Sombreros  de  patma. . 
Caoba,  oedro  y  morid. 
Articulos  di  versos .... 


Valor. 


Coh^t. 
39,296.63 
11,650.00 
9,031.00 
7,772.00 
74,882.09 


Total j      13,703,193.10 


El  valor  total  en  colones  de  todo  lo  exportado  durante  el  periodo 
de  referencia  es  de  13,703,193.10,  y  dicha  exportaci6n  ha  producido 
impuestos  al  fisco  por  valor  de  656,813.62  colones. 

EL  SEBVICIO  DE  TEL^GBAFOS  T  TEL^FONOS  EN  1007. 

La  Oficina  Central  de  Tel6grafos,  Tel^fonos  y  Cable  de  la  Repti- 
blica  del  Salvador  ha  publicado  recientemente  las  siguientes  cifras, 
relativas  al  servicio  durante  el  ano  de  1907,  en  comparaci6n  con  el 
de  1906: 

Producto  total  en  1906,  123,793.98  pesos;  en  1907,  127,243.75 
pesos;  aumento  k  favor  de  1907,  3,449.77  pesos.  Los  gastos  en  1906 
ascendieron  d  123,748.08  pesos,  en  tanto  que  los  de  1907  no  fueron 
m4s  que  de  111,185.27  pesos,  lo  cual  dk  una  diferencia  d  favor  de 
la  caja  de  12,562.81  pesos. 

A  pesar  de  las  economlas  que  se  introdujeron  durante  el  tiltimo 
afio,  la  marcha  general  del  servicio  no  se  resinti6  en  manera  alguna, 
y  ha  sido  muy  satisfactoria. 


680    OFICINA  INTEBNACIONALi  DE  LAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 
ESTANCAMIENTO  DE  LOS  CABTXTCHOS  PAHA  ABMAS  DB  FUEGO. 

El  Poder  Ejecutivo,  de  confomiidad  con  el  Decreto  Legislativo  de 
1*»  de  octubre  de  1892  y  Reglamento  de  5  de  diciembre  del  mismo  afko, 
ha  dispuesto  estancar  los  cartuchos  cargados  para  armas  de  fu^o,  y 
en  virtud  de  tal  disposici6n  ha  acordado  lo  que  sigue: 

1.  Desde  el  1**  de  marzo  pr6ximo  entrante  los  cartuchos  en  referen- 
da se  venderto  en  las  Administraciones  de  Rentas  y  denies  lugares 
autorizados  por  cuenta  y  para  provecho  del  fisco. 

2.  Tres  meses  despu6s  de  la  fecha  indicada  quedar&  prohibida  k 
los  comerciantes  y  particulares  la  venta  del  expresado  articulo,  y  los 
que  en  ese  tiempo  tuvieren  existencias  deber&n  depositarlas  en  las 
respectivas  Administraciones  de  Rentas  para  su  reaUzaci6n  per  cuenta 
de  sus  duenos,  en  los  t^rminos  que  expresa  el  artlculo  3  del  decreto 
citado,  quedando  los  infractores  sujetos  k  la  pena  decomiso. 

3.  El  precio  de  venta  de  los  expresados  cartuchos  ser&,  per  ahora, 
de  6  pesos  el  100  para  los  de  la  marca  Smith  &  Wesson,  calibres 
32  y  38,  y  7  pesos  el  100  para  los  de  la  marca  Colt  de  los  mismos 
calibres.  Para  las  demds  marcas  6  calibres  se  fijaran  otros  precios 
en  su  oportunidad. 


URUGUAY. 

BENTA  DE  ADUANA  EN  1907. 

En  el  afio  comtin  de  1907  la  renta  de  Aduana  de  la  Reptiblica  del 
Uruguay  ascendi6  k  $13,195,210,  en  comparaci6n  con  $12,863,597  en 
los  doce  meses  anteriores,  6  sea  im  aumento  de  $331,612.  Aunque 
este  aumento  no  es  tan  grande  como  el  que  se  obtuvo  en  1905  y  1906, 
sin  embargo,  este  total  representa  im  progreso  en  el  perlodo  de  catorce 
alios  transcurridos  desde  1894. 

Los  ingresos  correspondientes  k  los  meses  de  enero,  febrero,  mayo, 
junio,  Julio,  agosto  y  diciembre  de  1907,  muestran  un  aumento 
respecto  de  los  meses  correspondientes  de  1906,  en  tanto  que  los 
otros  cinco  meses  del  ano  muestran  una  disminuci6n  en  la  renta  de 
Aduana. 

Debe  notarse  que  este  aumento  en  dicha  renta  se  atribuye  al  hecho 
de  que  los  derechos  de  importaci6n  ascendieron  k  $11,852,041,  en 
tanto  que  en  el  ano  anterior  ascendieron  k  $11,395,656.  Por  otra 
parte,  los  derechos  de  exportaci6n  que  antes  hablan  llegado  k 
$1,467,941  bajaron  k  $1,343,168.  Asl  pues,  se  ve  que  aimque  el  pais 
importa  mks  mercancias  extranjeras  que  antes,  este  hecho  no  ha 
traido  consigo  un  aumento  en  la  venta  de  sus  productos  en  el  extran- 
jero. 

La  relaci6n  de  la  renta  de  Aduana  que  antecede  no  incluye  los 
derechos  adicionales  extraordinarios  destinados  k  los  fondos  para  las 
obras  de  puerto,  que  probablemente  ascienden  k  $1,200,000. 


URUGUAY.  681 

ESTADO  FINANCIEBO  EN  1906-7. 

El  afio  financiero  de  1906-7,  que  tennin6  el  30' de  junio  de  1907, 
muestra  que  en  el  Tesoro  de  la  Reptiblica  del  Uruguay  habia  un 
sobrante  de  $2,149,944,  en  comparaci6n  con  $453,110,  en  el  afio 
anterior,  mostrando  asi  el  estado  de  prosperidad  del  pais. 

El  total  de  ingresos  en  los  doce  meses  de  referenda  ascendi6  & 
$26,159,411,  6  sea  im  aumento  de  cerca  de  $6,000,000  respecto  del 
afio  econ6mico  de  1906. 

Del  sobrante  que  result6  en  el  Tesoro,  $1,000,000  se  destin6  6, 
aximentar  el  capital  del  Banco  de  la  Republica,  con  el  fin'j,especial  de 
que  pudiese  aumentar  su  emisi6n  de  billetes,  y  la  mayor  parte  del 
resto  de  dicho  sobrante  se  emple6  en  varias  obras  y  servicios  ptibli- 
cos  bajo  la  denominaci6n  de  ^'gastos  extraordinarios." 

Los  intereses  de  la  deuda  del  pais  se  ban  pagado  con  puntualidad,  y 
los'desembolsos  domfeticos  se  hicieron  con  la  m4s  estricta  puntualidad. 

LA  PBOTECTADA  BEVISldN  DEL  CdDIGO  DE  MINAS. 

De  acuerdo  con  un  decreto  que  expidi6  recientemente  el  Ministerio 
de  Industrias,  se  ba  nombrado  ima  comisi6n  encargada  de  revisar  el 
C6digo  de  Minas  del  Uruguay.  La  tarea  especial  de  la  comisi6n 
consistiri  en  proponer  las  reformas  que  juzgue  necesarias  en  cuanto 
&  la  manera  de  adquirir  propiedad  en  las  minas,  la  regulaci6n  de  las 
exploraciones,  las  condiciones  &  las  curies  deben  sujetarse  las  con- 
cesiones  mineras,  los  derechos  de  los  descubridores,  las  condiciones  y 
los  efectos  del  registro,  las  obligaciones  y  derecbos  del  que  registra 
ima  mina  y  del  que  la  denimcia,  el  abandono  y  p6rdida  de  las  minas, 
y  todas  las  medidas  que  scan  necesarias  para  la  reglamentaci6n  de 
las  propiedades  y  concesiones  mineras. 

Por  m4s  que  se  cree  que  la  industria  minera  del  pais  es  susceptible 
de  un  gran  desarrollo,  las  minas  jam&s  se  ban  explotado  en  gran 
escala,  y  se  cree  que  mucbos  de  los  obst&culos  con  que  en  la  actuali 
dad  se  tropiezan  para  el  debido  desarrollo  de  dicha  industria,  pueden 
hacerse  desaparecer  estableciendo  im  c6digo  legal  eficaz  y  amplio. 
BALANCE  DEL  BANCO  DE  LA  BEPthSLICA  EN  1907. 

El  balance  del  Banco  de  la  Reptiblica  establecido  en  Montevideo, 
correspondiente  &  1907,  muestra  que  las  ganancias  realizadas  en 
dicho  afio  ascendieron  &  $728,242,  contra  $448,678  en  1906.  Como 
quiera  que  el  Gobiemo  es  el  6nico  accionista,  percibe  un  80  por  ciento 
de  las  ganancias,  que  equivale  k  $592,594. 

El  interns  que  se  paga  sobre  el  emprfistito  levantado  para  el  capital 
del  banco  exige  im  pago  anual  de  $470,000. 

SESldN    INAUGUBAL    DEL  CONGBESO    INTEBNACIONAL    DE 
ESTTJDLANTES  AMEBICANOS. 

El  dia  26  de  enero  de  1908  se  celebr6  en  la  ciudad  de  Montevideo  la 
sesi6n  inaugural  del  Congreso  Intemacional  de  Estudiantes  Ameri- 


682    OFICINA  INTEENACIONAIi  DB  LAS  BBPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 

canos.  Los  pafses  representados  en  esta  sesidn  inaugural  fueron  los 
siguientes:  ReptibHca  Argentina,  Boliva,  Brasil,  Chile,  Guatemala. 
Paraguay,  Perti,  y  Uruguay.  El  ntimero  de  delegados  excedia  de 
100.  El  Doctor  Mjeanda,  del  Uruguay,  fue  elegido  presidente  del 
Congreso,  y  presidentes  honorarios  el  Presidente  de  la  Republica  del 
Uruguay,  el  Presidente  de  los  Estados  Unidos  y  los  Sefiores  Ministro 
de  Relaciones  Exteriores  y  Ministro  de  Instrucci6n  PtSblica  del 
Uruguay. 

VENEZUELA. 

abolicldn  del  mgnopolig  be  fdsfobos  1&  impt7estos  axte 

pagabAn. 

La  "Gaceta  Oficial"  de  Venezuela,  de  fecha  9  de  enero  de  190S, 
publica  un  decreto  del  Presidente  Castro  del  mismo  dia,  que  declara 
insubsistentes  los  contratos  de  29  de  agosto  de  1904  y  9  de  agosto 
de  1905,  celebrados  con  la  Fflbrica  Nacional  de  F6sforos,  y  en  virtud 
de  los  cuales  tenia  esta  el  monopolio  de  f6sforos.  En  lo  adelante 
quedar4  libre  en  todo  el  territorio  de  la  Republica  la  fabricaci6n  de 
f6sforos  y  falcultativa  la  importaci6n  de  este  artlculo  por  los  puertos 
habilitados  para  el  comerico  exterior,  asi  como  tambi^n  la  de  las 
materias  primas  para  fabricarlos. 

Otro  decreto,  fechado  el  10  de  enero  y  publicado  el  mismo  dfa,  esta- 
blece  un  timbre  especial  para  la  recaudaci6n  de  la  renta  def  6sf  oros.  El 
primer  tipo  ser&  del  valor  de  1  c6ntimo  de  bolivar,  y  se  pagar^  por 
cada  caja  de  f6sforos  de  madera  que  contenga  40  f6sforos.  El 
segundo  tipo  serd  de  valor  de  2  c6ntimos  de  bolivar,  y  ser4  pagadero 
por  las  cajas  de  f6sforos  de  cerilla  que  contengan  60  f6sforos.  El 
tercer  tipo  ser4  por  valor  de  4  c6ntimos  de  bolivar,  y  se  inutilizar6  en 
las  cajas  de  fosforos  de  cerilla  que  contengan  120*  f6sforos.  Los 
f6sforos  destinados  d  la  exportaci6n  quedan  exonerados  de  todo 
impuesto. 

Este  ultimo  decreto  dispone  tambi^n  que  los  f6sforos  que  se  impor- 
ten  quedan  aforados  en  la  Cuarta  Clase  Arancelaria. 

MODIFICAClONES  ABANCELABIAS. 

El  14  de  noviembre  de  1907  el  Presidente  Castro  decret6  que. 
ademds,  de  los  derechos  de  importaci6n  ordinarios,  deben  cobrarse 
recargos  en  las  aduanas  de  Venezuela  de  la  manera  siguiente: 

El  malz  en  grano,  el  arroz  en  grano,  el  trigo  en  grano,  las  caraota<. 
los  frijoles,  las  lentejas,  las  habichuelas,  la  manteca  de  puerco,  la  man- 
tequilla  y  la  cerveza,  10  por  ciento. 

Las  bote!  las  comimes  de  vidrio  ordinario  negro  6  claro,  propias  para 
envasar  licores,  leche  esterilizada  y  aguas  gaseosas;  los  vidrios  pianos 
6  cristales  sin  azogar,  blancos  6  de  color;  las  papas,  los  fustes  6  arma- 
duras  para  monturas;  el  algod6n  en  rama,  los  sombreros  de  paja  sin 
ning6n  adorno,  y  el  papel  de  estraza  y  de  madera,  25  por  ciento 


O     1 

O   i 

i    i 

i  i 

d  = 

i  I 


o    ? 

5     = 


O     i 


BOLETIM  MeNSAL 


DA 


SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS, 

TniSo  Internacional  das  Republicas  Americanas. 
Vol.  XXVI.  MAR^O  de  1908.  No.  3. 


(Muitos  doe  assumptos  commentados  na  sec^fto  editorial  portugueza  do  Boletim, 
sfto  publicados  sdmente  em  inglez  ou  heepanhol.) 

No  momento  em  que  este  numero  do  Boletim  sahir  k  luz,  as  firmas 
que  f Oram  convidadas  para  submetter  or^amentos  para  a  construc^fto 
do  novo  edificio  da  Secretaria  Internacional  jk  deverfto  ter  apresen- 
tado  suas  propostas.  Dentro  de  pouco  tempo  o  contracto  deverA  ser 
concluido  com  a  firma  que  f6r  escolhida;  e  os  trabalhos  de  construc^fto 
deverfto  ser  iniciados,  no  mais  tardar,  pelos  meiados  de  abril. 
Esfor^os  especiaes  ser&o  feitos  para  apressar  os  trabalhos  de  modo  que 
o  edificio  esteja  virtualmente  concluido  durante  a  incumbencia  do 
actual  Secretario  de  Estacjo  e  presidente  do  Conselho  Director,  que 
termina  em  mar^o  de  1909.  A  vista  do  interesse  especial  que  o  Secre- 
tario Root  tem  manifestado  em  estabelecer  mais  estreitas  rela^des 
entre  os  Estados  Unidos  e  a  America  Latina,  na  reorganiza^fto  da 
Secretaria  e  em  chamar  a  atten^fto  do  Senhor  Carnegie  para  a  grande 
utilidade  da  Secretaria,  conseguindo  assim  obter  o  generoso  donativo 
de  $750,000  para  o  novo  edificio,  6  opinifto  unanime  do  Conselho 
Director  que  se  devem  fazer  todos  os  esfor^os  para  que  seja  inaugurado 
o  edificio  durante  sua  administra^^fto.  As  especifica^des  e  pianos 
definitivos,  approvados  pelo  Secretario  de  Estado  e  o  Director  da 
Secretaria,  mostram  muitos  melhoramentos  sobre  os  desenhos  primi- 
tivos,  e  nfto  ha  duvida  de  que  este  edificio  serA  um  dos  mais  Undos  em 
Washington.  Sevk  um  edificio  artistico  e  util,  e  ao  mesmo  tempo 
adaptado  ao  fim  a  que  se  destina.  £!  de  esperar  que  as  photographias 
dos  desenhos  revisados  sejam  publicados  no  numero  do  Boletim  de 
abril.  A  demora  na  conclusfto  dos  pianos  pelos  architectos  foi 
devida  &  revis&o  dos  desenhos  primitivos  e  ao  estudo  cuidadoso  dos 
detalhes. 

33228— Bull.  3—08 14  683 


684     SECRET  ARIA  INTERN  ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLIC  AS  AMERICAN  AS. 
MORTE   DO    SENHOR   JOSfe    ALGARA. 

Com  a  morte  do  Exmo.  Senhor  Jose  Algara,  Sub-secretario  do 
Mexico,  que  falleceu  a  10  de  mar^o  corrente,  na  capital  da  vizinha 
Republica,  perdeu  esta  um  dos  seus  mais  leaes  servidores  e  um  dos 
seus  filhos  mais  preclaros,  e  a  Secretaria  Intemacional  um  bom  e 
leal  amigo. 

O  Senhor  Algara  occupou  postos  da  maior  importancia  e  respon- 
sabilidade,  taes  como  a  Cathedra  de  Direito  Intemacional  Privado  e 
de  Legisla^ao  Comparada  na  Escola  de  Jurisprudencia  do  Mexico, 
tendo  sido  membro  da  Junta  Directora  do  CoUegio  de  Advogados, 
Secretario  de  Estado  Interino,  e  occupado  outros  de  caracter  admi- 
nistrativo,  mostrando  sempre  sua  idoneidade  no  desempenho  de  seus 
deveres. 


A   NOVA   COMMISSAO    PAN- AMERICAN  A. 

A  Terceira  Conferencia  Pan-Americana  que  se  reuniu  no  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  recommendou  a  cada  um  dos  Govemos  nella  representados 
que  nomeasse  uma  Commissfio,  dependente  do  Ministerio  das  Rela- 
95es  Exteriores,  encarregada  de  promover  a  approva^Ho  das  reso- 
lu^Ses  e  conven^5es  adoptadas  pela  Conferencia,  e  tambem  de  coope- 
rar  com  a  Secretaria  Intemacional  na  obra  do  desenvolvimento  das 
rela^des  commerciaes  e  de  amizade  entre  os  paizes  Americanos.  O 
Secretario  Root  nomeou  ultimamente  a  CommissSo  dos  £stado6 
Unidos,  que  6  composta  dos  seguintes  membros : 

Senhor  Andrew  Carnegie; 

Honorable  William  I.  Buchanan,  chefe  da  delega^ao  norte- 
americana  na  Terceira  Conferencia  Pan- Americana; 

Stephen  B.  Elkins,  Senador  federal  pelo  Estado  de  West  Virginia; 

Charles  B.  Landis,  Deputado  pelo  Estado  de  Indiana; 

James  L.  Slayden,  Deputado  pelo  Estado  de  Texas; 

General  A.  E.  Bates,  do  Exercito  dos  Estados  Unidos,  aposentado; 

Professor  L.  S.  Rowe,  da  Universidade  de  Pennsylvania  e  dele- 
gado  dos  Estados  Unidos  k  Terceira  Conferencia  Pan- Americana; 

Honorable  Robert  Bacon,  Sub-Secretario  de  Estado  dos  Estados 
Unidos ; 

Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler,  presidente  da  Universidade  de  Cali- 
fornia; 

E.  J.  James,  presidente  da  Universidade  de  Illinois; 

Professor  Paul  S.  Reinsch,  da  Universidade  de  Wisconsin : 

William  E.  Curtis,  o  conhecido  jomalista;  e 

John  Barrett,  Director  da  Secretaria  Intemacional  das  Repu- 
blicas  Ainericanas; 


SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL,  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMBRICANAS.    685 

'^-  Aojnomear  essa  Coniniissao  o  Secretario  de  Estado  disse  cjue 
poderiam  prestar  relevantes  servipos,  cooperando  com  os  di versos 
Estados  Americanos  no  sentido  de  desenvolver  o  mutiio  conheci- 
mento  e  a  boa  vontade  de  cada  um. 


RATIFICA^AO  DOS  TRATADOS  FIRMAD08  PELA  CONFERENCIA  DA  AMERICA 

CENTRAL. 

fi  para  n6s  motivo  de  grande  satisfac^ao  annunciar  a  ratifica^ao 
pelos  Govemos  da  America  Central,  dos  tratados  e  conven^6es  assig- 
nados  pela  Conferencia  de  Paz  da  America  Central,  reunida  ha  pouco 
em  Washington.  Esta  attitude  dos  Governos  da  America  Central 
nao  pode  deixar  de  ser  favoravelmente  commentado  em  todo  o  * 
mundo  e  de  despertar  a  attenpfio  para  as  possibilidades  de  desen- 
volvimento  e  progresso  nestes  paizes.  Como  se  tem  dito  neste 
BoLETiM  repetidas  vezes,  a  America  Central  6  uma  das  jmrtes  mais 
ricas  do  hemispherio  occidental,  e  s6mente  aguarda  capitaes,  maior 
numero  de  vias  ferreas  e  linhas  de  navegapEo  fluvial,  e  um  govemo 
estavel  para  que  consiga  um  estado  de  progresso  e  prosperidade  que 
ha  de  surprehender  o  mundo. 


O   HONORABLE    WILLIAM   J.  BRYAN    E    A    AMERICA   LATINA. 

Em  15  de  fevereiro  ultimo,  o  Director  da  Secretaria  Internacional 
das  Republicas  Americanas,  em  resposta  ao  convite  que  Ihe  fez  o 
Club  Commercial  de  Lincoln,  Estado  de  Nebraska,  pronunciou  um 
discurso  por  occasiao  do  seu  banquete  annual  em  que  tratou  das 
rela^5es  commerciaes  dos  Estados  Unidos  com  a  America  Latina. 
A  vista  de  ser  o  Honorable  William  J.  Bryan,  que  6  um  dos  homens 
mais  eminentes  na  vida  publica  dos  Estados  Unidos,  um  cidadao  de 
Lincoln,  o  Director  trocou  cartas  com  elle,  sobre  as  rela^6es  entre  os 
Estados  Unidos  e  a  America  Latina,  as  quaes  tem  um  interesse  mais 
que  local  e  por  isso  reproduzimol-as  neste  numero  do  Boletim. 

''Secretaria  Internacional  das 

''Republicas  Americanas, 
''  Washington  J  D.  (7.,  20  de  Janeiro  de  1908, 
''Honorable  William  Jennings  Bryan, 

Agenda  da  Imprensa  Nadonal,  Edifido  de  Munsey, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
'^^"Meu  caro  Senhor  Bryan:  O  Club  Commercial  de  Lincoln,  Ne- 
braska, [fez-me  |um  [convite  jpara  pronunciar  um  discurso,  por  occa- 
siao do  seu  primeiro  ^banquete  annual,  sobre  as  rela^6es  commer- 


686    SECRETAKIA  INTEBNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAKAS. 

ciaes  dos  Estados  Unidos  com  as  Republicas  que  ficam  ao  siil  de  nds. 
Como  sois  um  dos  mais  illustres  cidad&os  daquella  cidade  e  Estado, 
e  como  a  vossa  opinifto  6  miiito  acatada  alii,  ser-me-hia  muito  agrada- 
vel  conhecer  vossa  opini&o  acerca  do  movimento  em  prol  do  desenTol- 
vimento  das  rela^des  commerciaes  e  de  ^mizade  entre  os  £stados 
Unidos  e  as  Republicas  suas  irm&s,  de  modo  que  nessa  reuni&o  possa 
transmittir  a  vossos  concidadaos  vossas  ideas  a  respeito. 

^'Incidentemente  desejo  accrescentar  que  quando  estiverdes  em 
Washington,  terei  muito  prazer  em  apresentar-vos  aos  embaixadores 
e  ministros  das  Republicas  Americanas  que  f  ormam  o  nosso  Conselho 
Director,  os  quaes  sao  tidos  entre  as  figuras  mais  illustres  da  America 
Latina. 

'^Subscrevo-me  respeitosamente  de  V.  S., 

''John  Barrett." 

''Washington,  D.  C,  28  de  Janeiro  de  1908. 
"  Honorable  John  Barrett, 

"  Secretaria  Intemadonal  das  Republicas  Americanos, 

Washing/tan,  D.  C. 

"Meu  Caro  Senhor  Barrett:  A  vossa  estimada  carta  acaba  de 
chegar  dg  minhas  maos.  Em  resposta  a  vossa  consul ta,  cabe-me 
dizer-vos  que  nao  s6  me  interesso,  mas  tenho  especial  interesse  pelo 
desenvolvimento  do  nosso  conunercio  com  a  America  do  Sul.  Estando 
convencido  como  estou  que  a  idea  do  governo  pelo  povo  estd  destinado 
a  expandir-se  pelo  mundo,  acompanho  de  perto  o  desenvolvimento  das 
Republicas  que  fioam  ao  sul  de  n6s.  Fiz  duas  visitas  ao  Mexico  e 
assisti  &  ceremonia  da  inaugura^ao  do  primeiro  Presidente  da  Repu- 
blica  de  Cuba.  Tencionava  visitar  a  America  do  Sul  este  invemo,  mas, 
muito  a  contragosto,  fui  obrigado  a  adial-a. 

"Si  lerdes  os  artigos  que  tenho  escripto  sobre  o  Mexico  e  Cuba, 
vereis  que  a  minha  attitude  6  distinctamente  sympathica.  Concorde 
com  o  modo  de  ver  do  Presidente  Cleveland  a  respeito  da  Venezu- 
ela, e  tenho  em  editoriaes  recommendado  o  estabelecimento  de  Unhas 
de  navega^ao  nas  costas  oriental  e  occidental  dos  dous  paizes  com  o 
fim  de  promover  rela^Oes  commerciaes  entre  os  Estados  Unidos  e  a 
America  do  Sul.  Em  vez  de  conceder  subven^Oes  &s  linhas  particu- 
lares,  lembrei  a  conveniencia  de  que  o  nosso  Governo  construisse  um 
numero  de  navios  que  podessem  ser  transformados  em  cruzadores  em 
tempo  de  guerra,  arrendando-os  em  tempo  de  paz  sob  as  condi^dee 
que  garantam  o  estabelecimento  do  trafego  de  cargas  e  passageiros 
entre  nosso  paiz  e  todos  os  paizes  da  America  do  Sul. 

"Terei  muito  prazer  em  conhecer  os  represent  antes  diplomaticos 
das  Republicas  do  Sul  que  constituem  o  Conselho  Director. 

"Agradecendo-vos  por  terdes  chamado  minha  atten^&o  para  este 
assumpto,  subscrevo-me,  com  todo  o  respeito  e  considera^fto. 

"W.J.Bbtah." 


SECBETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    687 

HOMENAGEM  PRESTADA  PELA  AMERICA  LATINA  AO  SECRETARIO  ROOT. 

i 

O  Conselho  Director  da  Secretaria  Intemacional,  na  sua  ultima 
reuniao,  aproveitou-se  da  ausencia  do  Secret  ario  Root,  seu  presidente, 
para  prestar-lhe  um  tributo  honrosissimo.  Quando  no  expediente  se 
chegou  &  discussEo  sobre  o  novo  edificio,  foi  apresentada  a  seguinte 
mo^fto  que  foi  unanimemente  approvada  e  commentada  em  adequados 
discursos. 

Resolveu-se  que  quando  o  novo  edificio  da  Secretaria  Intemacional 
das  Republicas  Americanas  estiver  em  via  de  construc^ao,  se  col- 
loque  nelle  um  testemunho  adequado  em  honra  do  Exmo.  Sr.  Seretario 
Root,  como  signal  do  preito  e  publico  reconhecimento  pelos  relevan- 
tissimos  servipos  por  elle  prestados  e  pela  sua  incansavel  energia  em 
prol  da  Uniao  Pan- Americana. 


O   EMBAIXADOR   NABUCO    CONVIDADO    A   REALIZAR    UMA    COXFERENCIA 

SOBRE    CAMOES. 

O  Sr.  JoAQUiM  Nabuco,  o  eminente  e  erudito  Embaixador  do 
Brazil,  foi  convidado  pela  Universidade  de  Yale  para  realizar  uma 
conferencia  perante  a  Faculdade  e  estudant^s  de  Yale  sobre  Cam6es, 
o  grande  poeta  portuguez.  £  para  n6s  motivo  de  regosijo  notar  o 
crescente  interesse  que  se  manifest  a  pelos  vultos  litterarios  do  mundo 
latino,  cujos  nomes  sao  familiares  em  toda  a  part^  na  America  Latina, 
mas  pouco  conhecidos  nos  Estados  Unidos.  e  ^nos  especialmente 
agradavel  que  o  Embaixador  Xabuco  tenha  sido  escolhido  para 
discorrer  sobre  Camdes  perante  uma  tal  assemblea.  O  Senhor  Nabuco 
nao  s6  figura  entre  os  primeiros  diplomat  as  da  America,  mas  6  con- 
hecido  em  todo  o  mundo  como  um  homem  de  grande  illustra^ao. 
Esta  conferencia  nao  s6  ser6  repleta  de  conhecimentos  uteis,  mas  sevk 
um  acontecimento  de  grande  importancia  no  mundo  litterario. 


EXPRESSAO  DE  APPROVA^AO   MANIFESTADA    PELO    SENHOR    BRIDGMAX. 

Sao  muito  apreciadas  por  aquelles  que  labutam  sinceramente  por 
uma  grande  causa  as  bondosas  palavras  de  approva^ao  manifestadas 
por  pessoas  competentes.  Parece  que  entre  as  pessoas  presentes  k 
conferencia  que  o  Director  da  Secretaria  realizou  perante  a  '*  Amer- 
ican Geographical  Society''  de  New  York,  em  25  de  fevereiro,  sobre 
a  America  Latina  e  a  viagem  que  fez  atravez  dos  Andes,  esteve  o 
Sr.  H.  L.  Bridomax,  o  eminente  explorador  e  redactor.  Xo  *  Brooklyn 
Standard  Union''  de  domingo,  1**  de  mar^o.  saiu  publicado  um  edi- 
torial sob  o  titulo  '^America  Latina,  de  Hoje  e  de  Amanha,"  escripto 
pelo  Senhor  Bridomax,  que  contem  o  seguinte  trecho: 


688    SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

A ' 'American  Geographical  Society,  ^^  talvez  sem  sabel-o,  prestou  um 
relevante  servi^o  publico  apresentandooSenhor  Barrett  a  umafassem- 
blea  de  New  York,  e  nenhum  dos  que  o  ouviram  duvidam  de  que 
o  que  elle  disse  deve  ser  dito  sob  muitas  formas  e  em  muitos  lugares: 
que,  talvez,  a  hora  actual,  com  o  prestigio  e  a  boa  vontade  que  tem 
conseguido  conquistar  os  nossos  coura^ados  em  sua  mareba  trium- 
phal ao  redor  do  continente,  6  o  momento  psychologico,  e  si  6  difficil 
obter  auditorios  e  ha  falta  de  tribunas,  pode-se,  no  emtanto,  recorrer 
k  imprensa  para  discutir  a  materia.  Foram  tambem  muito  apre- 
ciadas  as  partes  do  [discurso  do  Senhor  Barrett  em  que  prestou 
honroso  preito  ao  Secretario  Root,  que  julga  ser  o  mais  habil  dos  sec- 
retariosque  t^m  occupado  este  alto  cargo  na  historia  do  nosso  paiz, 
e  encareceu  os  beneficos  e  duradouros  resultados  de  sua  visita  k 
America  do  Sul,  de  que  a  excursao  que  o  Senhor  Barrett  fez  atravez 
das  Cordilheiras  foi  apenas  um  incidente. '^ 


.      CURSOS   SOBRE   a   AMERICA   LATINA   NA   UNIVERSmADE    DE    YALE. 

Neste  numero  do  Boletim  publicamos  um  resumo  do  que  a 
Universidade  de  Yale  esta  fazendo  para  promover  o  estudo  de 
assumptos  relativos  k  America  Latina.  Si  ha  outras  universidades 
que  pretendem  estabelecer  cursos  semelhantes,  teremos  prazer  em 
fazer  men^ao  delles  no  Boletim,  de  modo  que  os  estudantes  tanto 
da  America  do  Norte  como  da  America  do  Sul,  possam  conhecer  as 
facilidades  que  existem  no  paiz  para  o  ensino  neste  sentido.  N§o 
so  a  Universidade  de  Yale,  mas  as  de  Columbia  e  Cornell,  a  Universi- 
dade de  Wisconsin,  a  Universidade  de  Illinois,  a  Universidade  de 
California,  e  a  Universidade  de  Washington,  estao  organizando  cursos 
especiaes  para  o  crescente  numero  de  mo^os  que  desejam  estudar  o 
hespanhol  e  familiarizar-se  com  a  historia  e  o  desenvolvimento  das 
Republicas  nossas  irmas.  £  de  esperar  que  todas  as  instituicoes 
de  educa(;'ao  superior  neste  paiz  sigam  o  exemplo  das  ditas  universi- 
dades e  coUegios,  e  a  Secretaria  terd  prazer  em  prestar-lhes,  no  que 
estiver  ao  sen  alcance,  seu  auxilio. 


CLUBS   COSMOPOLITANOS    E    COLLEGIOS. 

Existe  uma  organiza(;'ao,  pouco  conhecida  na  America,  que  esti 
prestando  valiosos  servi^os  nas  institui^des  de  ensino  superior  doe 
Estados  Unidos  no  sentido  de  desenvolver  relaf5es  de  aniizade  mais 
estreitas  entre  estudantes  estrangeiros  e  norte-americanos  que  fre- 
quent am  as  mesmas  instituicj'Oes.     Denomina-se,  apropriadamente,  o 


SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    689 

*'Club  Cosmopolitano"  e  conta  entre  os  seus  membros  nao  s6  estu- 
dantes  estrangeiros  que  frequentam  institui^Oes  de  ensino  nos  Estados 
Unidos,  mas  tambem  certo  numero  de  mo^os  deste  paiz  que  se 
interessam  por  paizes  estrangeiros.  Este  club,  em  todas  as  insti- 
tui^Oes  em  que  tern  sido  organizado,  tern  dado  beneficos  resultados, 
mas  ainda  est&  em  sua  infancia.  Todas  as  influencias  com  que  se 
rod 6am  mo^os  estrangeiros  vindos  para  os  Estados  Unidos  para  seu 
melhor  conhecimento  mutuo,  nglo  podem  deixar  de  ser  de  grande 
beneficio  tanto  aos  estudantes  estrangeiros  como  aos  nacionaes. 
Talvez  a  ignorancia  que  se  nota  entre  estudantes  dos  Estados  Unidos 
relativamente  &  America  Latina,  6  maior  do  que  a  que  se  observa 
entre  estudantes  latino-americanos  relativamente  aos  Estados  Unidos, 
e  por  isso  6  evidente  o  beneficio  que  ha  de  resultar  deste  Club.  A 
Secretaria  Intemacional  deseja-lhe  grande  prosperidade  e  um  cres- 
cente  numero  de  membros.  Neste  numero  publicamos  um  artigo 
descriptivo  de  sua  organiza^ao  e  fins,  que  foi  fornecido  a  esta  Secre- 
taria por  um  dos  membros  de  sua  directoria. 


CONGRESSO   SCIENTIFICO   PAN-AMERICANO. 

Em  17  de  fevereiro,  o  Conselho  Director  da  Secretaria  Intema- 
cional realizou  uma  sess&o  importante  para  discutir  o  programma 
do  Congresso  Scientifico  Pan- Americano  que  se  reunird  em  Santiago, 
Chile,  em  dezembro  do  corrente  anno.  A16m  dos  membros  do 
Conselho  Director,  estiveram  presentes  o  Exmo.  Sr.  Robert  Bacon. 
Sub-Secretario  de  Estado  dos  Estados  Unidos  que  presidiu  &  sess&o, 
e  o  Professor  L.  S.  Rowe,  da  Universidade  de  Pennsylvania,  que  foi 
nomeado  membro  da  commissEo  dos  Estados  Unidos  pela  commissao 
organizadora  do  Congresso  no  Chile. 


AMERICA    LATINA    EM    PHILADELPUIA. 

Em  20  de  mar^o  realizou-se  em  Philadelphia  uma  reuniao  interes- 
sante  sob  os  auspicios  da  Academia  Americana  da  Sciencia  PoUtica  e 
Social,  que  foi  presidida  pelo  Director  da  Secretaria  Intemacional  e  a 
que  assistiram  grande  numero  de  representantes  diplomaticos  da 
America  Latina.  A  nota  principal  da  occasiao  foi  o  substancioso 
discurso  proferido  pelo  Professor  L.  S.  Rowe,  que  est&  fazendo 
grandes  esforpos  para  desenvolver  rela^Oes  mais  estreitas,sobretudo 
intellectuaes  e  educadores,  entre  os  Estados  Unidos  e  as  Republicas, 
6uas  irmas. 


690    SECBETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  BEPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 
UM   NOVO   MAGAZINE    PARA   A   AMERICA   LATIN  A. 

Osproprietarios  de  **The  World  To-Day,"  que  6  um  dos  principaes 
magazines  do  paiz,  merecem  ser  congratulados  pelo  piano  que  tern  de 
publicar  uma  edi^ao  em  hespanhol  sob  o  titulo  ''El  Mundo  de  Hoy/' 
e  espera-se  que  ha  de  ter  larga  circula^ao  nos  paizes  latino-americanos. 
Affirma-se  que  os  redactores  estao  tomando  as  precau^des  necessaiias 
para  que  este  emprehendimento  nao  fracasse,  como  fracassaram  as 
muitas  tentativas  semelhantes  que  nao  foram  tomadas  em  devida 
considera^ao.  A  grande  diflficuldade  com  que  se  luctou  no  passado 
foi,  ou  a  companhia  editora  do  magazine  nao  tinha  a  pratica  e  capital 
necessarios,  ou  nao  comprehendeu  o  temperamento  do  povo  latino- 
americano,  ou  finalmente  nao  acertou  com  a  especial  fei^&o  de 
uma  publica^ao  desse  genero.  Si  os  promo  tores  desta  idea  conseguirem 
por  em  execu^ao  o  programma  annunciado  em  sua  circular,  veriU) 
sem  duvida  seus  esfor^os  coroados  de  exito. 


ARTIGO  SOBRE  PRESIDENTE  DIAZ  ESCRIPTO  POR  SENHOR  CREELMAX. 

Entre  os  numerosos  artigos  que  se  t6m  escripto  acerca  do  General 
DfAZ,  Presidente  do  Mexico,  destaca-se  especialmente  o  de  James 
Creelman,  publicado  no  ''Pearson^s  Magazine"  de  mar^o.  fi  um 
quadro  vivo  do  primeiro  chefe  da  Republica  do  Mexico,  pennittindo 
ao  leitor  compreheiider  facilmente  o  homen  e  apreciar  o  que  tern 
feito  em  beneficio  do  seu  paiz. 

O  Senhor  Creelman  tern  tido  uma  experiencia  pouco  commum  em 
entre vistar  os  grandes  vultos  do  mundo,  e  em  descrever  seus  ti^os 
caracteristicos  de  modo  que  todos  sintam  parecer  conhecel-os  pes- 
soalmente,  que  o  que  escreve  acerca  do  General  DfAZ  tem  um  valor 
especial.  Sua  estimativa  da  obra  de  DfAZ  como  um  estadista  cons- 
tructor e  do  lugar  que  ha  de  occupar  na  historia,  sua  analyse  deta- 
Ihada  de  sua  personalidade,  tudo  impressiona  o  leitor  como  uma 
historia  verdadeira  e  muito  bem  escripta. 


baxquete  de  despedida  ao  senhor  pulido. 

Antes  de  volver  ao  seu  paiz,  o  Senhor  Augusto  F.  Pulido,  por  mui- 
tos  annos  ao  servi^o  diplomatico  de  Venezuela  em  Washington,  foi 
objecto  de  uma  imponente  manifesta^&o  por  parte  dos  membros 
do  ''Metropolitan  Club,"  desta  cidade,  que  representa  o  mais  selecto 
nos  circulos  sociaes,  diplomaticos,  bancarios  e  politicos  dos  E^tados 
Unidos. 

No  banquete  de  despedida  que  o  Club  offereceu  ao  Senhor  Pulido, 
foi-lhe  apresentado  um  Undo  copo  de  prata,  com  uma  dedicatoria 
apropriada  e  fac-similes  das  firmas  dos  oitenta  membros  do  Club 
que  contribuiram  para  a  manifest a^fto  de  apre^o  pelo  Senhor  Pulido, 


SECRETARIA  INTERN ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    691 
VIAGEM   AO   RED6r   DA   AMERICA   DO   SUL. 

Uma  prova  do  grande  interesse  despertado  entre  os  touristes  pela 
viagem  &  e  ao  redor  da  America  do  Sul,  6  uma  circular  que  acabam 
de  publicar  os  Srs.  Busk  e  Jevons,  agentes  gerae^  da  linha  de  vapores 
Lamport  &  Holt,  intitulada:  ''Excursfto  especial  ao  redor  da  America 
do  Sul:  New  York  a  Bahia,  Bahia  ao  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Rio  de  Janeiro 
a  Santos,  Santos  a  Montevideo,  Montevideo  a  Buenos  Aires,  Buenos 
Aires  por  via  ferrea  atravez  dos  Andes  at6  Valparaiso,  Valparaiso 
por  mar  a  PanamA,  atravez  do  Isthmo  a  Colon,  daqui  a  New  York,  e 
vice-versa.'^ 

Annuncia-se  que  esta  longa  viagem  pode  ser  feita  pela  somma 
relativamente  pequena  de  $475,  incluindo  refei^5es  e  accommoda^Oes 
nos  vapores  e  passagens  de  1*  classe  nas  vias  ferreas.  No  ultimo 
numero  do  Boletim  foram  publicadas  photographias  de  um  dos 
novos  vapores  desta  linha,  que  manda  vapores  uma  vez  por  mez  para 
Montevideo  e  Buenos  Aires  via  Rio  de  Janeiro.  A  viagem  para  o  Rio 
6  feita  em  dezoito  dias,  e  para  Buenos  Aires  em  vinte  e  seis  dias. 


ITIXERARIOS    COMMERCIAES    NA   AMERICA    DO   SUL. 

Um  numero  recente  da  "Dunn's  Review"  contem  um  interessante 
artigo  sobre  os  itinerarios  na  America  do  Sul  por  vias  ferreas  e  flu- 
viaes,  preparado  pelo  Professor  J.  Russell  Smith.  A  vista  do  grande 
numero  de  cartas  que  chegam  a  esta  Secretaria  pedindo  informa^Oes 
a  este  respeito,  publicamos  extractos  deste  artigo  nesta  edi^fio  do 
Boletim. 


progresso  argentino  em  1907. 

Informa^Oes  officiaes  recebidas  da  Republica  Argentina  demons- 
tram  que  as  condi^6es  em  toda  a  parte  da  Republica  continuam  a 
ser  tao  satisfactorias  em  1907  como  em  1906.  As  cifras  do  com- 
mercio  exterior,  comparadas  com  as  do  anno  anterior,  mostram  um 
augmento  de  cerca  de  $20,000,000,  e  um  balan^o  commercial  a  favor 
da  Republica  de  mais  de  $10,000,000.  Entraram  no  paiz  durante  o 
anno  329,122  immigrantes.  A  situa^&o  dos  bancos  mostra  um 
melhoramento  sobre  a  de  30  de  jimho  de  1907.  O  balance te  do  Banco 
da  Republica  Argentina  evidencia  a  situa^fto  bastante  satisfactoria 
deste  instituto  de  credito.  O  banco  tem  actualmente  104  caixas 
filiaes  na  Republica  e  espera  estabelecer  ainda  outras  no  anno  cor- 
rente.  Na  capital,  foram  construidas  durante  o  anno  obras  no  valor 
de  $79,033,833  papel,  ou  $20,000,000  mais  do  que  no  anno  anterior, 
ao  passo  que  as  rendas  arrecadadas  pela  alfandega  de  Buenos  Aires 
augmentaram  de  $943,882   ouro.     Segundo   informa?5es  recebidas^ 


692    SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL,  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMER1CA:NAS. 

as  colheitas  de  trigo  e  linho  sao  as  inaiores  na  historia  do  paiz,  contra- 
balan^ando  a  diminui^ao  verificada  na  produc^fio  do  milho,  e  consU 
que  as  companhias  de  vias  ferreas  t^m  tornado  as  medidas  neces- 
sarias  para  o  seu  facil  transporte. 


COMMERCIO   E    INDUSTRIAS    DA   BOLIVIA. 

A  atten^ao  dos  leitores  6  chamada  para  a  discrepancia  que  se  not* 
nas  cifras  officiaes  da  Bolivia  e  as  dos  Estados  Unidos  sobre  o  com- 
mercio  entre  os  dous  paizes,  as  quaes  sfito  publicadas  neste  numero  do 
BoLETiM.  No  quadro  da  exporta^ao  dos  Estados  Unidos  para  o 
anno  de  1907,  a  Bolivia  figura  unicamente  com  $1,502,622,  ao  passo 
que  dos  relatorios  consulares  se  v6  que  a  exporta^&o  dos  portos  de 
New  York  e  San  Francisco  com  destino  k  Bolivia  foi  no  valor  de 
$2,852,460.  Essa  differen^a  explica-se  pelo  facto  de  que  grande 
quantidade  das  mercadorias  com  destino  &  Bolivia  sao  importadas 
pelos  portos  do  Chile,  Peru  e  Brazil. 

Grande  parte  das  informapdes  sobre  esta  Republica  que  vem 
publicadas  neste  numero  do  Boletim,  foram  extrahidas  do  impor- 
tante  relatorio  publicado  pelo  Departamento  de  Coloniza^ao  e 
Agricultura  em  ag:osto  de  1907. 


protec^ao    aduaneira    para    as    propriedades    industriaes    no 

BRAZIL. 

Com  relapao  k  projectada  reforma  das  tarifas  aduaneiras  do  Brazil, 
foi  preparada  uma  lista  official  das  industrias  existentes  na  Republica 
para  servir  de  base  k  organizapao  de  uma  tabella  de  taxas  proteccionis- 
tas.  O  total  do  capital  empregado  em  industrias  manufactureiras  no 
paiz  6  calculado  em  $163,349,000,  representando  os  interessos  do  2,397 
estabelecimentos.  A  industria  de  tecidos  vai-se  desenvolvendo  rapi- 
damente,  o  que  explica  a  diminui^ao  verificada  nas  importances  de 
tecidos,  0  a  nova  fibra  de  Perini  esta  sendo  explorada  cominercial- 
mente  pelo  Governo  com  o  intuito  de  tomal-a  rival  do  algodao  no 
mercado  do  Brazil. 

A  cultura  e  exportapao  do  caf6  sob  o  novo  regimen  d(»  valoriza^ao 
mostram  um  progressivo  augmento  nos  valores,  verificando-se  um 
augmento  de  $100,000,000  no  valor,  e  de  1,000,000  saccas  na  quanti- 
dade do  cafe  exportado  em  1907,  comparado  com  o  do  anno  anterior. 
O  Brazil  concorreu  com  727,187,465  libras,  ou  seja  77.34  por  cento, 
para  o  consumo  total  dos  Estados  I'nidos,  que  foi  calculado  em  940.- 
247,312  libras. 


SECRETARIA  INTERXACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    693 
DESEXVOLVIMEXTO   DAS    VIAS    DE    COMMl'N'ICAC'AO    NO   CHILE. 

Que  o  Govemo  do  Chile  se  interessa  niuito  pelo  important^  ramo 
das  via^des  ferreas  evidencia-se  pelo  dec  re  to  promulgado  em  Janeiro 
de  1908,  que  autoriza  a  construc^ao  da  Elstrada  de  Ferro  Longitudinal 
pelo  custo  de  $37,000,000,  e  abre  um  credito  de  $15,500,000  para  a 
construc^ao  de  linhas  federaes  durante  o  anno.  Em  1  de  julho  de 
1907,  a  Directoria  das  Obras  Publicas  tinha  iniciado  os  estudos  de 
707,233  kilometros  de  vias  ferreas  federaes.  do  total  de  927,639  kilo- 
metros  em  projecto.  A  marinha  mercante  do  Chile  desenvolve-se  na 
mesma  propor^ao,  e  hoje,  dos  paizes  da  America  do  Sid  unicamente  o 
Brazil  excede  a  tonelagem  da  sua  marinha  mercante,  que  consta  de 
156,316  toneladas. 


TRATADO    IMPORTAXTE    EXTRE    COLOMBIA    E    EQUADOR. 

O  tratado  de  amizade,  commercio  e  navega^ao  concluido  entre  os 
Govemos  da  Colombia  e  o  Equador.  e  cujas  ratifica^oes  foram  trocadas 
em  24  de  outubro  de  1907,  marca  uma  epoca  no  desenvolvimento 
destas  duas  Republicas.  A  colonia  colombiana  no  Equador  conta 
mais  de  40,000  habitantes  e  o  referido  tratado  cobre  todas  as 
quest5es  de  direito  intemacional  que  possam  surgir  entre  na^des  tao 
estreitamente  ligadas  por  la^os  naturae>. 


RELATORIO  DA  COSTA  RICA  SOBRE  A  COXFEREXCIA  DE  PAZ  DA  AMERICA 

CEXTR.^L. 

Xa  ratifica^rao  pelo  Govemo  da  Costa  Rica  dos  di  versos  t  rat  ados  e 
convencoes  fimiados  na  Conferencia  de  Paz  da  America  Central  que 
se  reuniu  em  Washington,  no  ultimo  mez  de  1907.  e  de  especial  interesse 
o  relatorio  apresentado  ao  Congresso  Nacional  pelo  Sr.  Lris  Ander- 
son, Secretario  das  Rela^des  Exteriores  da  Republica  e  presidente  da 
Conferencia.  Reproduzimos  o  relatorio  por  ser  um  documento  de 
grande  importancia. 

REXDAS    E    DESEXVOLVIMEXTO    DE    CUBA. 

A  anecadacio  das  rendas  de  Cuba  no  anno  de  1907.  foi  na  impor- 
total  de  $29,118,827.  sendo  a  maior  parte  desta  somma  arre- 
a[pela  alfand^a  de  Havana.  E^tes  dados  sao  de  interesse  com 
idai^io  ao  piano  ultimamente  promulgado  para  o  calcamento  das  ruas 
•  o  noTO  sei  '  >  *  esgottos  da  cidade  de  Havana,  os  quaes  serao 
icon   o  Licto  da  taxa  de  10  por  cento  das  rendas  adua- 

idaque      p     to.     O  prazo  para  a  tennina^ao  das  obras  foi  fixado 


694    SEGBETABIA  INTEBNACIONAL  DAS  BEPUBUCAS  AMSBICAKAS. 

em  seis  annos,  e  calcula-se  que  o  producto  da  taxa  de  10  por  cento 
neste  periodo  attingirfi,  a  $12,000,000.  Entraram  em  vigor  em  28  de 
fevereiro  de  1908,  diversas  modifica^Oes  da  tarifa  aduaneira  relativas 
a  machinas  e  apparelhos  destinados  a  engenhos  de  assucar  e  indus- 
trias  analogas. 


COMMERCIO   E   CONDI^OES    INTERNAS   DO   EQUADOR. 

Houve  um  augmento  no  valor  dos  productos  nacionaes  exportados 
pela  Republica  do  Equador  no  anno  de  1907,  taes  como  cac&o,  bor- 
racha,  chap6os,  etc.  A  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Puerto  Bolivar  a  Ma- 
chala  foi  prolongada  durante  o  anno  at6  aos  districtos  de  cac4o  e  tem 
sido  de  grande  beneficio  no  transporte  deste  producto  para  o  porto. 
A  Companhia  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Guayaquil  a  Quito,  cuja  contro- 
versia  com  o  Govemo  foi  submettida  &  decisfio  de  uma  commissao 
arbitral,  tem  sido  o  objecto  de  um  decreto  executivo,  determinando 
que  OS  coupons  venciveis  a  2  de  Janeiro  e  2  de  julho  de  1908,  e  a  2  de 
Janeiro  de  1909,  serfio  pagos  com  o  producto  de  uma  nova  emissao  de 
titulos,  garantida  pela  renda  proveniente  da  venda  do  sal.  Este 
producto  foi  vantajosamente  exportado  durante  o  anno  para  os  portos 
da  Colombia. 


RELATORIO  SOBRE  AS  CONDIfOES  EM  GUATEMALA. 

O  relatorio  sobre  as  condif5es  em  Guatemala,  apresentado  pelo 
Encarregado  de  Negocios  da  Franca  em  Guatemala,  ainda  que  se 
refira  ao  anno  de  1906,  contem  os  dados  mais  recentes  disponiveis 
sobre  as  rela^oes  commerciaes  entre  aquella  Republica  e  os  diversos 
paizes  do  mundo,  e  por  isso  o  transcrevemos  para  as  nossas  paginas 
quasi  em  sua  integra.  Deste  relatorio  se  v6  que,  ainda  que  os  Estados 
Unidos  fome^am  a  metade  da  importa^ao  de  Guatemala,  a  Alle- 
manha  leva-lhes  vantagem  na  exporta^fio.  Nota-se  uma  ligeira  dis- 
cordancia  entre  as  cifras  deste  relatorio  e  as  publicadas  pela  Repar- 
ti^ao  de  Estatistica  dos  Estados  Unidos,  accusando  estas  ultimas  um 
augmento  nas  importagOes  em  1907,  de  procedencia  de  Guatemala. 


CONDig'OES    FINANCEIRAS   DO   MEXICO. 

Ao  terminar  o  anno  de  1907,  o  estado  dos  34  bancos  autorizados  a 
funccionar  na  Republica  foi  muito  satisfactorio,  e  parece  que  nio 
foram  sensivelmente  affect  ados  pela  crise  que  tem  prevalecido  na 
Republica  durante  o  anno.  O  relatorio  sobre  as  finan^as  do  Mexico 
apresentado  ultimamente  pelo  Ministro  Limantour,  tem  attrahidoa 


SECRBTABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICANAS.    695 

atten^&ogeral;  e  afus&o  das  estradas  deferro  que  o  Govemo  est&  nego- 
ciando  com  quatro  bancos  intemacionaes  de  New  York  e  duas  firmas 
bancariasde  Londres,  hade  ter  importante  influencia  sobre  a  situa^fto. 
Asrendas  aduaneiras  arrecadadas  nos  priineiros  setemezes del 907-8, 
que  6  o  ultimo  periodo  de  que  ha  estatistica,  apresentam  um  aug- 
mento  sobre  as  deigual  periodo  do  anno  anterior,  ao  passo  que  o  valor 
do  commercio  nos  primeiros  cinco  mezes  do  corrente  exercicio,  em 
compara^fito  com  o  de  igual  periodo  do  exercicio  anterior,  mostra  um 
augmento  de  mais  de  $14,000,000.  Os  relatorios  consulares  sobre 
diversas  industrias  do  paiz  tambem  attestam  uma  situa^SLo  muito 
lisonjeira.  As  cifras  do  commercio  exterior  no  primeiro  semesrtre  de 
1907-8,  mostram  um  augmento  de  $4,800,000  na  exporta^fto,  e  de 
$7,600,000  naimporta^ao,  comparadas  com  as  de  igual  periodo  do 
anno  anterior. 


CONCESSOES    E    MELHORAMENTOS    EM^   NICARAGUA. 

O  Presidente  de  Nicaragua  expediu  um  decreto  augmentando  a 
emissfio  de  titulos  de  exporta^fio  para  o  pagamento  dos  coupons  da 
divida  externa,  de  $75,000,  sonuna  em  que  aemissfio  foi  primeiramente 
fixada,  a  $400,000.  O  servi^o  da  divida  publica  foi  pontualmente 
pago  durante  o  anno  de  1907,  e  as  concess5es  feitas  para  a  explora^SLo 
de  productos  nacionaes  sfio  prova  de  que  as  condi^Oes  do  paiz  con- 
tinuarSLo  a  ser  prosperas  no  presente  anno.  Um  contracto  foi  con- 
cluido  para  a  construc^fito  de  uma  estrada  de  ferro  de  San  Juan  del 
Sur  no  Pacifico  a  um  ponto  no  interior  do  paiz.  A  barra  do  Rio 
Grande  vai  ser  dragada  e  o  servi^o  de  navega^fio  melhorado,  ao  passo 
que  foram  feitas  concessOes  para  a  explora^fito  de  mineraes  e  gutta- 
percha, do  que  resultarA  um  augmento  na  arrecada^fio  federal. 


COMMERCIO   EXTERIOR   DO   PANAMA   EM    1907. 

Segundo  o  relatorio  do  Departamento  da  Fazenda,  o  commercio 
exterior  da  Republica  do  Panamd  no  anno  de  1907,  attingiu  ao  valor 
de  $19,165,648.69.  Para  a  importa^fto,  que  foi  no  valor  total  de 
$17,204,983.77,  os  Estados  Unidos  concorreram  com  $5,196,964.38, 
exclusive  $7,640,533.86,  que  representam  o  valor  dos  generos  impor- 
tados  pela  zona  do  Canal  durante  o  anno,  os  quaes  entraram  livres 
de  direitos.  Segundo  cifras  norte-americanas,  foram  exportados  com 
destino  ao  Panamd  durante  o  anno,  generos  no  valor  de  $18,665,323. 
A  exporta^ao  do  Panamd  foi  no  valor  de  $1,960,664.92,  ou  mais 
$842,643.92,  do  que  no  anno  anterior.  Os  Estados  Unidos  6  quasi  o 
unico  paiz  que  importa  productos  de  Panam&. 


696    SECRETARIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICAKAS. 
ESTIMULO    AS    RELA^OES    INTERNACIONAE8    POR    MEIO    DA    EDUCA^AO. 

Que  a  propaganda  iniciada  pelo  Sr.  Kellogg,  Consul  dos  Estados 
Unidos  em  Colon,  para  divulgar  entre  os  habitantes  do  Panama  conhe- 
cimentos  mais  [exactos  sobre  o  paiz  que  representa,  est&  dando  bons 
resultados,  prova-o  a  photographia  dos  vencedores  dos  premios  que 
oflFereceu  para  o  melhor  ensaio  escripto  sobre  os  Estados  Unidos, 
a  qual  vein  impressa  nest-e  numero  do  Boletim.  O  Consul  Kellogg 
affirma  que  este  concurso  tem  dado  um  grande  impulso  ao  estudo  do 
inglez  e  das  institui^oes  dos  Estados  Unidos,  e  julga  que  estes  conhe- 
cimentos  sao  o  unico  meio  seguro  de  estabelecer  rela^Ces  sociaes  e 
commerciaes  entre  os  paizes  interessados. 


AUGMENTO  DAS  RENDAS  ADUANEIRAS  E  DESENVOLVIMENTO  DAS  WAS 

FERREAS  NO  PERU. 

O  rendimento  da  Alfandega  de  Mollendo  nos  ultimos  quarto  annos 
mostra  um  augmento  progressivo,  tendo  subido  de  $675,000  em  1904, 
a  cerca  de  $900,000  em  1907  ,Jao  passo-que  o  rendimento  da  Alfandeg& 
de  CalUo  no  primeiro  semestre  do  anno  foi  de  mais  de  $1,500,000, 
sendo  o  total  para  o  anno  calculado  em  $3,000,000.  O  Sr.  Charles 
M.  Pepper,  em  seu  importante  relatoHo  sobre  as  estradas  de  ferro 
em  construc^ao  na  Republica,  diz  que  o  Thesouro  do  Peru  tem  exer- 
cido  a  maior  prudencia  no  dispendio  de  seus  fimdos,  de  mode  que 
o  Governo  tem  amplos  recursos  para  satisfazer  todas  as  obriga^des 
em  que  tem  incorrido  para  a  construc^ao  dos  prolongamentos  em 
via  de  construc^ao  e  em  projecto. 


COMMERCIO    E   RECURSOS   DE    SALVADOR. 

Segundo  cifras  estatisticas  o  valor  total  dos  generos  export  ados 
pela  Republica  de  Salvador  nos  primeiros  nove  mezes  de  1907,  foi 
de  $6,000,000,  sendo  no  valor  de  $1,592,473,  as  exporta^6es  que  se 
fizeram  durante  o  anno  para  os  Estados  Unidos.  Segundo  cifras 
estatisticas  de]  Salvador,  a  exporta^ao  para  os-  Estados  Unidos 
durante  os  primeiros  nove  mezes  de  1907,  foi  no  valor  de  mais  de 
$2,000,000,  o  que  daria  um  total  para  o  anno  muito  maior  que  o 
registrado. 

As  receitas  dos  servi^os  telegraphico  e  telephonico  dojpaiz  mos- 
tram  um  augmento  de  mais  de  $1,000,  ao  passo  que  a  memoria 
escripta  pelo  Sr.  Ernest  Schernikow,  Consul  de  Salvador  em  Xew 
York,  sol)re  a  industria  mineira,  mostra  a  situa^&o  prospera  dessa 
industria  e  os  excellent es  resultados  obtidos  nos  ultimos  annos. 


PRODUCCAO    DO    CAFE    NA    AMERICA    CENTRAL,   1907.  697 

FIXAN^AS    E   PROGRESSO    ECONOMICO   DO    URUGUAY. 

O  exercicio  de  1907  terminou  com  um  saldo  no  Thesouro  de  mais 
de  $2,000,000,  ao  passo  que  as  rendas  para  o  mesmo  anno  mostram 
um  augmento  de  cerca  de  $6,000,000,  sobre  as  de  1906.  Ainda  que 
o  augmento  verificado  nas  rendas  aduaneiras  nfto  seja  tao  avultado 
como  o  dos  dous  annos  anteriores,  a  arrecada^ao  total  foi  a  maior 
registrada  desde  1894,  sendo  de  mais  de  $13,000,000.  O  servi^o  da 
divida  publica  foi  pontualmente  pago  durante  o  anno. 


NOVA   LEI   DE   TARIFA    NA    VENEZUELA. 

A  nova  lei  de  tarifa  da  Venezuela  foi  promulgada  na  ^^Gaceta 
OficiaV  da  Republica  em  13  de  Janeiro  de  1908,  e  entrou  em  vigor 
na  nesma  data. 


APPRO V AC AO  DAS  CONVENgOES  DA  CONFE- 
RENCIA  DE  PAZ  DA  AMERICA  CENTRAL. 

Os  Governos  da  America  Central  communicaram  ao  Departamento 
de  Estado  dos  Estados  Unidos  que  as  conven^Oes  concluidas  na  Con- 
ferencia  da  Paz  que  se  reuniu  na  cidade  de  Washington  em  dezembro 
de  1907  foram  approvadas  pelos  seus  respectivos  Congressos  nas 
datas  seguintes: 

Nicaragua,  em  15  de  fevereiro  de  1908;  Costa  Rica,  em  25  de  feve- 
reiro  de  1908;  Salvador,  em  27  de  fevereiro  de  1908;  Honduras,  em  3 
de  mar^o  de  1908;  Guatemala,  em  13  de  mar^o  de  1908. 


PRODUCglO  DO  CAFE  NA  AMERICA  CENTRAL 

EM  1907. 

Uma  estimativa  da  produc^fio  do  caf6  nas  diversas  Republicas  da 
America  Central  no  anno  de  1907-8,  fixa  a  produc^fto  de  Guatemala 
em  600,000  quintaes;  Nicaragua,  137,000  quintaes;  Salvador,  500,000 
quintaes,  e  Costa  Rica,  160,000  saccos. 

Nota-se  uma  diminui^ao  na  produc9ao  de  Nicaragua  de  34,500 
quintaes,  ao  passo  que  a  produc^&o  de  Guatemala  n&o  soffreu  modifi- 
ca^SLo. 


698    SECRETABIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBICANAS. 

ASSOCIAglO  DE  CLUBS  COSMOPOLITANOS. 

A  Universidade  de  Wisconsin,  que  6  a  s6de  do  capitulo  executive 
da  Associa^&o  de  Clubs  Cosmopolitanos,  poz-se  em  communica^io 
com  mais  de  vinte  dos  principaes  coUegios  dos  Estados  Unidos  com  o 
fim  de  despertar  o  interesse  geral  para  esta  organiza^ao. 

O  movimento  tem  por  objecto  a  organiza^ao  de  Clubs  Cosmopoli- 
tanos  nos  coUegios  de  todos  os  paizes  onde  ha  estudantes  estrangeiros 
para  formar  o  nucleo  de  um  club  deste  caracter,  os  quaes  devem 
associar-se  aos  clubs  cosmopolitanos  ]&  organizados  com  o  fim  de 
cultivar  as  artes  da  paz  e  estabelecer  rela?6es  de  amizade  interna- 
cionaes. 

O  primeiro  club  desta  natureza  foi  organizado  na  Universidade  de 
Michigan  em  1903,  devido  &  iniciativa  de  18  estudantes  estrangeiros, 
e  agora  conta  80  membros.  Sua  influencia  tem  sido  no  sentido  de 
estabelecer  a  organiza^ao  como  uma  for^a  permanente  na  vida 
coUegial. 

A  Universidade  de  Wisconsin,  conjunctamente  com  as  outras  sete 
imiversidades  que  Ihe  sao  associadas  neste  movimento,  realizou  sua 
primeira  conv^n^fito  annual  em  dezembro  de  1907.  Resolveu-se 
entao  iniciar  uma  propaganda,  por  meio  de  correspondencias  e  troca 
de  publica^des,  com  o  fim  de  estabelecer  rela^des  mais  intimas  entre 
OS  clubs  de  todos  os  paizes. 

Communica^Oes  sobre  a  materia  j4  foram  dirigidas  &s  Universida- 
des  do  Canada,  4  Universidade  de  Oxford  na  Inglaterra,  4s  de  Bonn 
e  Beriim  na  Ailemanha,  e  4  Universidade  de  Paris,  assim  como  &s 
principaes  universidades  e  collegios  dos  Estados  Unidos.  Ha  clubs 
cosmopolitanos  na  Europa  e  na  America  do  Sul,  os  quaes  alliados  i 
Associap&o  de  Clubs  Cosmopolitanos,  dariam  um  grande  impulso  ao 
ideal  da  confratemidade  internacional,  cujo  resultado  seria  a  reali- 
zapao  de  convenpOes  intemacionaes  em  differentes  partes  do  niundo. 


CUR80S  SOBRE  A  AMERICA  MERIDIONAL   NA 
UNIVERSIDADE  DE  YALE. 

A  Universidade  de  Yale,  que  est&  estabelecida  na  cidade  de  New 
Haven,  Estado  de  Connecticut,  enviou  &  Secretaria  Internacional  das 
Republicas  Americanas  o  programma  dos  cursos  da  Universidade  que 
se  relacionam  directa  ou  indirectamente  com  a  America  Latina. 

Parece  de  toda  a  conveniencia  nfto  s6  pelo  ponto  de  vista  dos 
estudantes  sul-americanos,  mas  tambem  pelo  dos  norte-americanos, 
que  a  colonia  estrangeira  da  Universidade  seja  augmentada  por  um 
grupo  de  estudantes  latino-americanos.     A  Universidade  adquiriu 


AMKRIOA    MERIDIONAL    NA    UNIVER8IDADE    DE    YALE.        69^ 

recentemente,  por  doapao,  duas  importantes  collec^Oes  de  obras  sobre 
a  America  do  Sul,  as  de  Wagner  e  de  Bingham,  ao  passo  que  o  Museu 
Hispanico  da  cidade  de  New  York  oflFereceu  aos  estudantes  dos  curses 
superiores  os  privilegios  de  sua  bibliotheca  e  collec^ao  de  objectos. 
Nas  sessdes  do  Club  Hespanhol  da  Universidade  sao  discutidos  a 
historia,  commercio,  litteratura  e  assumptos  analogos,  ao  passo  que 
illustres  mestres  de  sciencia  e  literatos  realizam  conferencias  todos  os 
annos  sobre  assumptos  ibericos. 

Os  principaes  cursos  sobre  os  assumptos  em  referencia  s§,o  os 
seguintes : 

Curso  elementar  de  hespanhol;  prosa  hespanhola  dos  seculos  XVI  e 
XVII;  revista  geral  da  litteratura  hespanhola;  litteratura  portugueza 
antiga;  curso  elementar  de  portuguez  na  escola  commercial  e  con- 
sular; leitura  e  composi^fio  em  hespanhol;  o  drama  hespanhol  nos 
seculos  XVI  e  XVII;  curso  elementar  e  adiantado  de  hespanhol  para 
OS  estudantes  da  escola  de  sciencias; 

Historia  hispano-americana;  historia  e  geographia  da  America  do 
Sul — um  curso  sobre  a  geographia  especial  da  America  do  Sul. 

Em  alguns  dos  cursos  a  frequencia  attinge  a  120  estudantes.  Al^m 
destes,  ha  cursos  que  se  occupam  principalmente  de  assumptos  rela- 
tives &  America  do  Sul,  comprehendendo  a  primitiva  historia  da 
America  e  colonias  hespanholas,  coloniza^ao  e  anthropologia,  geologia, 
geograpliia  commercial  e  direito  romano. 

O  Secretario  da  Universidade  fez  pubUcar  a  seguinte  carta  em 
hespanhol  e  portuguez,  esbopando  as  ideas  e  fins  da  Faculdade  a  este 
respeito: 

''Universidade  de  Yale, 
^'  New  Haven  {Kstado  de  Connecticut y  Estadba  Unidos), 

''Ex"»°.  Snr.  :  Ao  enviarem  d  V.  Ex*,  o  catalogo  ou  programma  de 
estudos  da  Universidade  de  Yale,  as  autoridades  d^esta  institui^SLo 
desejam  exprimir  o  seu  vivo  interesse  pelo  piano  que  visa  tomar  mais 
estreitas  as  rela^5es  entre  os  estudantes  do  Sul  e  os  do  Norte  da 
America.  Estamos  persuadidos  de  que  a  frequenta^ao  por  estu- 
dantes da  grande  Republica  Brazileira  e  dos  outros  paizes  meridionaes 
de  uma  das  principaes  universidades  do  Norte  serfi,  vantajosa  nfto  s6 
para  aquelles,  mas  tambem  para  n6s,  visto  que  os  jovens  destinados 
a  assumirem  a  direc^ao  do  nosso  paiz,  melhor  poderfio  assim  compre- 
hender  o  caracter  e  os  ideaes  dos  nossos  vizinhos  da  America  meri- 
dional. 

'*Ha  certos  factos  tocantes  &  nossa  Universidade  que  talvez  interes- 
sem  aos  estudantes  do  Sul  que  quizerem  buscar  no  Norte  parte  da  sua 
educa^^o  universitaria. 

'*  (1)  Da  cidade  de  New  Haven  (Estado  de  Connecticut),  na  qual  se 
acha  a  Universidade  de  Yale,  nao  ha  mais  de  uma  hora  e  meia  a  Nova 

3322S— Bull.  3—08 15 


700    SECBETAItIA  INTEBNAGIONAIj  1>AS  bepubocas  americanas. 

York,  nos  comboios  expresses.  A  cidade  de  Nova  York  6  o  porto 
principal  para  a  maioria  dos  importantes  vapores  que  veem  da  Ame- 
rica meridional.  Esta  proximidade  &  grande  metropole  norte-ameri- 
cana  tern  ainda  outras  vantagens  para  o  estudante  estrangeiro, 
pondo-o  em  contacto  intimo  com  a  vida  de  todo  o  paiz.  New  HaTen 
n&o  dista  muito  do  Capitolio  na  cidade  de  Washington,  f  azendo-se  a 
viagem  nos  comboios  directos  em  cerca  de  oito  horas. 

'*  (2)  A  Universidade  de  Yale  6  uma  instituigSo  historica,  tendo  sido 
fundada  em  1701.  A  celebragao  do  seu  segmido  Centenario  foi  pre- 
senciada  por  delegados  de  todas  as  principaesuniversidades  da  Europa. 
D&-nos  esta  historia  uma  certa  atmosphera  que  nSo  p6de  sen&o  agrv 
dar  a  estudantes  nascidos  em  paizes  que  teem  uma  velha  civiliza^&o. 

**  (3)  A  Universidade  observa  a  mais  escrupulosa  tolerancia  em 
materias  de  f6. 

"  (4)  Em  quanto  ao  ensino  da  nossa  Universidade,  divide-se  este, 
como  na  maioria  das  grandes  universidades  norte-americanas,  em 
duas  secedes  inteiramente  distinctas.  A  primeira  sec^o  abrange  o 
lyceo  de  humanidades  ou  artes  liberaes  assim  como  a  chamada  escola 
technica  de  Sheffield  (ramos  comprehendidos  pelo  termo:  Under- 
graduate Department).  A  segunda  sec^ao  abrange  todos  os  curso6  e 
escolas  profissionaes  ou  universitarias  (ramos  comprehendidos  pelo 
termo:  Graduate  Department).  A  nossa  Universidade  tern  as 
seguintes  escolas  profissionaes:  A  escola  de  lettras,  de  historia  e  de 
sciencias,  as  escolas  de  theologia,  de  medicina,  de  direito,  de  bellas- 
artes,  de  musica,  de  sciencia  florestal,  de  metallurgia,  e  a  escola 
consular.  Dos  referidos  cursos  6  digno  de  atten^ao  que  sao  os  de 
engenharia  e  outras  disciplinas  praticas  que  teem  recebido  especial 
desenvolvimento. 

"  (5)  A  nossa  Universidade  tem  sempre  concedido  grande  logar  ao 
ensino  das  linguas  e  litteraturas  assim  como  da  historia  das  na^des 
neolatinas,  facto  que  se  torna  evidente  pelo  grande  numero  de  cursos 
de  portuguez,  de  hespanhol,  de  francez,  de  pro  venial  etc.,  que  se 
fazem  todos  os  annos.  A16m  d'isso,  ha  aqui  todos  os  annos  conferen- 
cias  publicas  feitas  por  illustres  mestres  de  sciencia  e  Uteratos  europeus, 
taes  como  Ettore  Pais,  Edouard  Rod,  o  fallecido  BRUNETiiiRK  e 
outros.  Aleni  de  uma  bibliotheca  universitaria  de  perto  de  400,000 
volumes,  na  qual  se  acham  largamente  representadas  a  Utteratura  e 
historia  dos  paizes  neolatinos,  possuimos  na  nossa  escola  de  beUas- 
artes,  uma  rica  collec(?ao  de  pinturas  italianas,  incluindo  originaes 
de  mestres  taes  como  Andrea  del  Sarto,  Botticelli  e  Correooio. 

'^Os  gastos  annuaes  variam  muito  conforme  6s  necessidades  dos 
estudantes.  P6de-se,  por6m,  dizer  que  a  somma  de  mil  dollars  cm 
ouro  (isto  6,  um  conto  de  reis  moeda  forte)  satisfar&  a  todas  as 
despezas  razoaveis,  inclusive  prego  de  aulas,  hospedagem,  etc. 


REPUBLICA    ARGENTINA.  701 

'*A  Universidade  acceitar&,  onde  f6r  possivel,  para  admiss&o  is 
escolas  profissionaes,  as  cartas  de  curso  obtidas  nas  universidades 
representativas  da  America  meridional.  No  caso  de  um  estudante 
do  Sul  querer  entrar  no  nosso  lyceo  de  humanidades  ou  na  escola 
technica^  permittir-se-lhe-ha  substituir  nos  exames  de  admiss&o  o 
sou  conhecimento  da  lingua  portugueza  ou  hespanhola  ao  da  lingua 
franceza. 

'*0  abaixo  assignado  ter&  muito  gosto  em  ajudar  o  mais  que  Ihe 
f6r  possivel  como  official  da  Universidade,  os  estudantes  que  vierem 
da  America  meridional,  quer  indicando  casas  particulares  aos  que 
quizerem  aperfei^oar-se  na  pratica  do  idioma  inglez,  quer  recom- 
mendando  escolas  aos  que  desejarem  habilitar-se  n'este  paiz  para  a 
matricula  na  nossa  institui^S^o. 

''A  sua  Ex*  o  Snr.  Elihu  Root,  Secretario  de  Estado  dos  Estados 
Unidos,  assim  como  a  sua  111"*  e  Rvd"**  John  Ireland,  Arcebispo 
de  St.  Paul  (Estado  de  Minnesota),  ambos  doutores  honorarios  de 
Yale,  t6m-se  declarado  dispostos  a  dar  informa^5es  acerca  da  Uni- 
versidade. 

'*Deus  guarde  a  V.  Ex*. 

'*  Anson  Phelps  Stokes,  Jr., 
^^0  Secretario  da  Universidade.*' 


REPUBLICA  ARGENTINA. 

COMMSBCIO  EXTEBIOB  EM  1907. 

Segundo  os  dados  estatisticos  publicados  pela  Reparti^fto  Geral 
de  Estatistica  da  Republica  Argentina,  o  commercio  exterior  deste 
paiz  em  1907,  foi  no  valor  de  $582,065,052,  ouro,  contra  $562,224,450 
em  1906,  verificando-se  um  augmento  de  $19,840,602.  O  saldo  a 
favor  da  Republica  6  de  $10,343,688,  ouro. 

O  valor  total  dos  generos  importados  durante  o  anno  de  1907, 
foi  de  $285,860,683,  ouro,  ou  se}am  $15,890,162  mais  que  em  1906. 
O  valor  das  mercadorias  que  entraram  livres  de  direitos  foi  de 
$102,461,572,  ouro,  o  que,  comparado  com  o  do  anno  anterior, 
mostra  um  augmento  de  $16,904,317.  Os  generos  que  pagaram 
direitos  de  importa^So  foram  avaliados  em  $183,399,111,  ouro,  ou 
sejam  $1,014,155  mais  que  no  anno  anterior.  Foram  exportados 
durante  o  anno  de  1907,  generos  no  valor  de  $296,204,369,  ouro, 
isto  6,  $3,950,540  mais  do  que  em  1906.  A  exporta^So  sujeita  a 
direitos  foi  no  valor  de  $1,808,  e  a  livre  de  direitos,  no  de  $296,202. 
Comparadas  estas  eifras  com  as  do  anno  anterior,  resulta  que  a 
importa^ao  sujeita  a  direitos  tern  tido  um  augmento  de  $1,763,  e 
a  livre  de  direitos  tern  augmentado  em  $3,948,777,  ouro. 

As  importa^ocs  de  ouro  e  prata  durante  o  anno  de  que  se  trata 
ascenderam  a  $23,552,726,  ouro,  ou  a  $5,340,403,  ouro,  mais  que 


702    SECRETABIA  INTERN ACIONAB  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AJd:KBIGANAS. 

em  1906,  ao  passo  que  as  exportagOes  destes  metaes  foram  no  vtk 
de  $3,133,886,  ouro,  o  que  accusa  um  augmento  de  $1,588,264  sobie 
as  do  anno  anterior. 

As  importa^oes  sujeitas  a  direitos  comprehendem  artigos  deprimein 
necessidade,  como  tecidos,  chap6os,  productos  alimenticios,  bebidts, 
joias,  etc.  A  diminuigao  na  importa^ao  de  artigos  sujeitos  a  direitos 
est6,  contrabalan^ada  pela  importancia  das  importa^Oes  livres  de 
direitos,  as  quaes  constituem  despezas  productivas,  ou  capital  que 
nfio  se  consome  porque  estfi.  representado  por  materiaes  de  vias  ferreas, 
machinas  e  instrumentos  agricolas,  etc.,  elementos  todos  destinados 
ao  desenvolvimento  do  paiz.  Nesta  classe  de  iniporta^5es,  a  Repo- 
blica  tern  a  seu  favor  um  augmento  de  $16,904,317,  ouro. 

Quanto  6,s  exporta^Ses,  deve-se  ter  em  conta  que  n€is  eifras  nao  est! 
comprehendido  o  valor  das  exporta^oes  de  la,  realizadas  durante  os 
mezes  de  outubro  a  dezembro,  e  que  somma  todos  os  annos  entre  15  e 
20,000,000  de  pesos,  ouro. 

MOVIMENTO  DA  IMMIGBA9A0  EM  1907. 

Segundo  informa  o  Director  Geral  do  Servigo  de  Immigra^ao  da 
Republica  Argentina,  entraram  no  paiz  durante  o  anno  de  1907, 
329,122  passageiros  e  inmiigrantes,  assim  discriminados: 


Entradas.    >     SabidM. 

___! 


Passageiros  provenientes  de  portos  estrangeiros 15, 284  '  13,47 

Passageiros  de  Montevideo 65, 914  55, 171 

Immigrantes  provenientes  de  portos  estrangeiroa \  209, 103  90,  UB 

Immigrantes  de  Montevideo '  48, 821  47,833 

Total '  329,122  '  205,78 


A  nacionalidade  dos  immigrantes  foi  como  se  segue:  Italianos, 
90,282;  hespanh6es,  82,606;  russos,  9,530;  turcos,  7,436;  francesses, 
4,125;  austriacos,  3,439;  allemaes,  2,322;  inglezes,  1,659;  hungaros, 
1,220;  portuguezes,  1,118;  argentinos,  1,016;  gregos,  500;  suissoe, 
486;  brazileiros,  482;  montenegrinos,  450;  bulgaros,  442;  dinamar- 
quezes,  378;  norte-americanos,  393;  rumanos,  223;  belgicos,  209; 
moroccos,  180;  hollandezes,  178,  e  outras  nacionalidades  em  menor 
numero. 

Dos  209,103  inmiigrantes  provenientes  de  portos  estrangeiroe, 
82,007  vieram  constituidos  em  25,369  familias,  109,106  eram  solteirot 
e  17,990,  solteiras. 

MOVIMENTO  DAS  COLHEITAS  EM  1907. 

Com  relapao  ds  colheitas  de  trigo  e  de  linho  da  Republica  Argentina 
no  corrente  anno,  as  quaes,  segundo  os  calculos,  serHo  avultadas, 
pode-se  dizer  que  as  companhias  de  vias  ferreas  est&o  providenciando 


REPUBLIC  A    ARGENTINA. 


703 


no  sentido  de  dotar  suas  linhas  com  os  meios  necessarios  para  o  trans- 
porte  destes  productos  com  promptidEo  e  economia. 

Os  quadros  seguintes  demonstram  as  quantidades  de  trigo,  linho  e 
milho  transportadas  pelas  principaes  linhas  argentinas  em  1907,  e  a 
rela^S^o  por  cento  entre  este  trafego  e  o  total: 


Estradas  de  lerro. 


TRIOO. 


Sstrada  de  Ferro  do  Paclflco 

Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Rosario 

Orande  Estrada  de  Ferro  do  Sal 

Bstradade  Ferro  do  Oeste 

Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Cordoba  e  Rosario. 

Estrada  de  Ferro  Central  de  Cordoba 

Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Entre  Rios 


Toneladas. 


LINHO. 


Estrada  de  Ferro  do  Paciflco 

Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Rosario 

Orande  Estrada  de  Ferro  do  8ul 

Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Cordoba  e  Rosario. 
Estrada  de  Ferro  Central  de  Cordoba ... 
Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Entre  Rios 


MILHO. 


Estrada  de  Ferro  do  Paciflco 

Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Rosario 

Orande  Estrada  de  Ferro  do  Sol 

Estrada  de  Ferro  do  Oeste 

Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Cordoba  e  Rosario 

Estrada  de  Ferro  Central  de  Cordoba 

Estrada  de  Ferro  Central  de  Cordoba  (Ramal  do  Norte) 
Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Entre  Rios 


Porcenta- 
gemdo 
total. 


640,000 

1,070,000 

1,779,000 

926,000 

62,000 

22,000  I 

121,000 


79,000 
306,000 
59,000 
19,000 
1,000 
76,000 


199,000 

1,772,000 

497,000 

679,000 

38,000 

6,000 

17,000 

8,000 


82.6 
14.6 
36.4 
39.2 

lai 

4.1 
26.7 


4.0 
4.2 
1.2 
3.1 


16.3 


lai 

24.1 

lai 

24.6 
6.2 
LI 
2.6 

L8 


CULTUBA  E  MANUFACTTJBA  DO  ALGODAO. 

Um  relatorio  apresentado  pelo  Consul  Francez  em  Buenos  Aires  e 
publicado  no  **  Moniteur  Officiel  du  Commerce/^  em  sua  edi^fto  de  16 
de  Janeiro  de  1908,  diz  que  as  provincias  de  La  Rioja  e  Catamarca 
8&0  as  que  produzem  a  melhor  qualidade  de  algodS,0;  e  que  uma  area 
consideravel  est6,  consagrada  a  esta  cultura  nas  provincias  de  Cor- 
doba, Tucuman  e  Corrientes,  assim  como  nos  territories  do  Chaco  e 
Missdes.  Os  elevados  fretes  que  se  cobram  nas  vias  ferreas  para  o 
transporte  do  algodS^o  tendem  a  retardar  o  desenvolvimento  desta 
industria.  Nas  provincias  de  Tucuman  e  Cordoba  o  algodSo  est& 
sendo  actualmente  produzido  em  reduzida  escala,  e  na  provincia  de 
Corrientes  a  industria  estfi,  ainda  em  sua  infancia,  ao  passo  que  nas 
Miss5es  a  planta  6  muito  prejudicada  pela  praga  das  formigas. 
Nota-se  o  maior  desenvolvimento  desta  cultura  na  regifio  do  Chaco, 
onde,  apezar  dos  damnos  causados  pela  molestia  denominada  '*rouja," 
cresce  um  algodSo  de  fibra  comprida  de  b6a  qualidade,  que  6  muito 
apreciado  nos  mercados  de  Havre  e  Liverpool.  Estao-se  fazendo 
esfor^os,  por6m,  para  exterminar  a  molestia. 

No  districto  do  Chaco  existem  grande  numero  de  descaro^ado- 
res  de  algodao,  os  quaes  beneficiaram  durante  o  anno  de  1907,  cerca 
de  800  toneladas  metricas  de  algodfto,  sendo  a  metade  desta  quanti- 


704    SECRETAEIA  INTERNACIONAL  DAS  REPUBUCAS  AATBRICAKAS. 

dade  consumida  em  Buenos  Aires  e  o  restante  foi  enviado  ao  mcr- 
cado  de  Liverpool.  Os  caro^os  de  algodao  vendem-se  k  fabrica  de 
Colonelli  que  6  a  unica  no  paiz  que  tern  installa^ao  para  a  mano- 
factura  de  oleo  de  algodao.  Fez-se  uma  fusfto  das  tres  companhiu 
manufactureiras  de  algodao  existentes  no  paiz,  sob  a  firms  social  de 
^^Sociedad  Hilanderias  Argentinas  de  Algodon/*  com  o  capital  de 
$875,000.  Esta  companhia  empregou  no  anno  passado  cerca  de  400 
toneladas  de  algodao  nacional  e  a  quantidade  contractada  para  o 
corrente  anno  mostra  um  augmento  sobre  a  do  anno  passado.  A 
companhia  tern  um  importante  estabelecimento  em  General  Vedia 
no  Chaco,  com  uma  duzia  de  fabricas  em  Resistencia  e  uma  fabrica 
de  fia(?ao  em  Buenos  Aires,  com  a  capacidade  de  2,000  kilogrammas 
de  fios  por  dia. 

A  safra  de  1907  6  calculada  em  7,000  toneladas  metricas.  A  area 
em  cultivo  6  estimada  em  4,644  hectares,  assim  distribuidos : 

Chaco,  3,280  hectares;  Formosa,  111;  MissSes,  68;  Corrientes,  495; 
Santa  F^,  275;  Catamarca,  22,  e  La  Rioja,  215. 

Foram  importados  durante  o  anno  cerca  de  52,622  kilogrammas  de 
algodao. 

CULTURA  DO  ABBOZ  NA  REPX7BLICA. 

Segundo  dados  estatisticos  publicados  pelo  Departamento  da  Agri- 
cultura  da  Republica  Argentina,  a  produc^ao  nacional  do  arroz  no 
anno  de  1 907  foi  de  13,000,000  kilos,  e  a  area  total  dos  terrenes  semea- 
dos  foi  de  4,352  hectares.  A  area  sob  cultivo  foi  assiin  distribuida: 
Provincia  de  Tucuman,  2,900  hectares;  Salta,  440  hectares;  Jujuy. 
357  hectares;  San  Juan,  275  hectares;  Santiago  del  Estero,  10  hectares, 
e  Missoes,  370  hectares.  A  produc^ao  media  6  de  3,000  kilos  por  hec- 
tare, e  OS  gastos  de  produc^ao  sao  calculados  em  $150  moeda  nacional 
por  hectare.  Como  o  pre^o  do  arroz  com  casca  regula  por  S9  a  $10  por 
LOO  kilos,  ve-se  que  o  cultivador  desse  producto  obtem  um  bom  lucre. 
Diz-se  que  a  produc^ao  m6dia  do  arroz  nas  Provincias  de  Salta  e  Jujuy 
6  maior  do  que  na  de  Tucuman,  e  que  na  Provincia  de  Jujuy,  o  custo 
de  producQao  nao  excede  de  $135  por  hectare,  devido  ao  facto  que  a 
mao  d'obra  ^  niais  barata  e  a  agua  para  a  irriga^ao  6  foniecida  gratui- 
tamonte.  Porem,  devido  ao  pouco  cuidado  que  se  toma  na  selec^io 
das  soniontos,  o  arroz  nacional  6  inferior  em  qualidade  ao  estrangeiro. 

Segundo  dados  estatisticos,  forani  importadas  em  1903,  1 ,681  tone- 
ladas do  arroz  com  casca  e  26,035  toneladas  de  arroz  descascado:  em 
1904,  3,912  toneladas  com  casca,  e  24,346  toneladas  de  arroz  descas- 
cado; em  1905,  2,159  toneladas  eoai  casca.  e  21,698  tonelada^j,  descas- 
cado, ao  passo  ([ue  em  1906  a  importa^ao  das  duas  classes  subiu  a 
10,791  e  23,518  toneladas,  respectivamente. 

Durante  os  prinieiros  nove  mezes  de  1907  foram  importadas  12,716 
toneladas  de  arroz  com  casca,  no  valor  de  $254,320,  e  15,415  toneladas 
dc  arroz  descascado,  avaliadas  em  $1,233,145.  « 


BRAZIL.  706 

O  arroz  com  casca  importa-se  principalmente  das  possess5es  britan- 
nicas,  attingindo  a  10,197  toneladas  a  importa^fto  dessa  procedencia 
em  1906,  ao  passo  que  o  arroz  descascado  provem  em  sua  maior  parte 
da  Italia,  fomecendo  este  paiz  19,600  toneladas  em  1906. 

O  Departamento  julga  que  o  arroz  pode  ser  cultivado  vantajosa- 
mente  na  Provincia  de  Cordoba,  e  que  as  ilhas  que  formam  o  delta  do 
Parand  sfio  particularmente  adaptadas  a  essa  cultura. 

O  imposto  de  importa^So,  actualmente  vigente,  6  de  25  por  cento 
sobre  o  valor  official,  que  6  calculado  em  $20  ouro  por  tonelada  de 
arroz  com  casca,  e  $80  ouro  por  tonelada  de  arroz  descascado. 


BOLIVIA. 

COMMSBCIO  COM  OS  ESTADOS  X7NIDOS  EM  1907. 

O  Sr.  Ignacio  Calder6n,  Miniatro  da  Bolivia  em  Washington,  in- 
forma  k  Secretaria  Internacional  das  Republicas  Americanas  que, 
segundo  os  relatorios  consulares  correspondentes  ao  anno  de  1907,  o 
valor  dos  productos  exportados  dos  portos  de  New  York  e  San  Fran- 
cisco no  anno  de  1907,  com  destino  k  Bolivia,  foi  de  $2,852,460.30, 
contra  $1,136,603.91  no  anno  de  1906,  verificando-se  assim  um  aug- 
mento  de  $1,715,856.39.  A  exporta^So  desses  portos  em  1905,  com 
destino  k  Bolivia,  foi  por  valor  de  $1,720,000,  do  que  resulta  um  aug- 
mento  nos  ultinlos  dous  annos  de  100  por  cento. 

Segundo  a  estatistica  official  dos  Estados  Unidos,  o  valor  da  ex- 
porta^&o  deste  paiz  com  destino  6,  Bolivia  foi  apenas  de  $1,502,622, 
pois  muitos  generos  destinados  ^quelle  paiz  sfto  importados  pelos 
portos  do  Chile. 

BRAZIL. 

ADHESAO  A  CONVEN9AO  SAKITABIA  INTEBNACIONAL. 

A  Secretaria  Internacional  das  Republicas  Americanas  foi  infor- 
mada  por  intermedio  do  Departamento  de  Estado  dos  Estados 
Unidos  que  o  Presidente  do  Brazil  promulgou  em  9  de  Janeiro  de  1908 
o  seguinte  decreto,  adherindo  k  Conven^ao  Sanitaria  Internacional 
de  Washington : 

"O  Presidente  da  Republica  dos  Estados  Unidos  do  Brazil:  Fa^o 
saber  que  o  Congresso  Nacional  decretou  e  eu  sancciono  a  resolugSo 
seguinte : 

''Artigo  1.  £  approvada  a  resolu^So  firmada  no  Rio  de  Janeiro 
pela  Terceira  Conferencia  Internacional  Americana  em  23  de  agosto 
de  1906,  adherindo  k  Conven^ao  Sanitaria  Internacional  de  Wash- 
ington e  pondo  em  pratica  os  seus  preceitos. 

'*  Art.  2.  Revogam-se  as  disposi^Oes  em  contrario.'' 


706    SECRETABIA  INTEBNACIONAL  DAS  BEPUBUCAS  AMEBIOAKAS. 
COMMEBCIO  EXTEBIOB  DUBANTE  OS  ONZE  MEZES  BE  1907. 

Segiindo  os  dados  estatisticos  publicados  pelo  Service  de  EstatiB- 
tica  Commercial,  o  valor  dos  productos  importados  no  Brasil  durante 
OS  mezes  de  Janeiro  a  novembro  de  1907  foi  de  583,333:895$,  contra 
437,819:546$  em  igual  periodo  de  1906. 

As  exporta^des  nos dous  periodos  em  compara^ao,  foram  de  803,486: 
631$  e  715,072:535$,  respectivamente. 

IMMIGBA9A0  EM  1007. 

Durante  o  anno  de  1907  entraram  pelo  porto  do  Rio  de  Janeiro 
31,173  immigrantes,  ou  sejam  mais  4,026  do  que  no  anno  anterior;  86 
no  mez  de  dezembro  ultimo  entraram  4,236,  ou  mais  1,514  do  que  em 
igual  mez  do  anno  anterior. 

De  setembro  a  dezembro  de  1907  entraram  13,394,  ao  passo  que  em 
igual  periodo  de  1906  entraram  10,577,  ou  menos  2,817. 

A  m6dia  annual  de  espontaneos  desembarcados  neste  porto  desde 
1890  a  1906  attingiu  a  21,834.  A  entrada  em  1907  excedeu  em  9,339 
a  essa  m6dia  dos  dezesete  annos  anteriores. 

OONCX7BBENCIA  PABA  AS  OBBAS  DE  M]6:LHOBAMENTO  DO  POBTO 

DO  BECIFE. 

O  Ministro  de  Estado  da  Industria,  Viagao  e  Obras  Publicas  do  Brazil 
solicitou  propostas  para  a  construc^fto  das  obras  de  melhoramento  do 
porto  do  Recife,  Estado  de  Pernambuco,  de  conf ormidade  com  o  pro- 
jecto  approvado  pelo  Decreto  de  14  de  novembro  de  1907.  Serfio  rece- 
bidas  as  propostas  at6  ao  meio  dia  de  26  de  margo  de  1908. 

As  obras  a  executar  comprehendem  um  quebra-mar  com  a  extens&o 
total  de  1,147  metres  e  a  profundidade  de  nove  metres  sob  aguas  mini- 
mas;  um  molhe  com  a  extensao  total  de  798  metros;  c&es  para  atra- 
ca^ao,  carga  e  descarga  de  navios;  o  alteamento  e  regulariza^So  da 
antiga  muralha  sobre  os  recifes ;  a  dragagem  geral  no  porto  para  o  seu 
aprofundamento  a  9  metros  sob  aguas  minimas,  desde  a  nova  entrada 
do  porto  entre  os  cabe(;^'os  dos  quebra-mares  at6  o  comedo  dos  c&es  de 
oito  metros  de  agua,  dahi  em  deante  a  oito  metros  sob  o  mesmo  nivel 
at6  a  distancia  de  200  metros  do  extreme  sul  dos  mesmos  c4es;  o 
aterro  comprehendide  entre  os  neves  ekes  e  o  actual  littoral ;  o  arraza- 
mento  de  baixie  rochoso  que  obstrue  em  parte  a  entrada  do  porto ;  con- 
strucQae  de  sete  armazens  e  o  apparelhamento  dos  ca6s  com  linhas 
ferreas  de  bitela  de  um  metre,  linhas  de  guindastes  electricos,  cal^a- 
mento  e  drenagem  nas  ruas. 

Estes  trabalhes  estae  avaliados  na  quantia  de  49,411 :671$,  e  dever&o 
ser  concluides  dentro  de  praze  de  seis  annos,  contados  da  data  do  con- 
tracte,  sendo  incluido  neste  periodo  o  tempo  necessario  para  a  empreza 


CHILE.  707 

contractante  apparelhar-se  e  installar  todos  os  servi^os,  tempo  este 
que  n&o  poderd  passar  de  um  anno. 

O  texto  das  especifica^Oes  e  condigOes  6  publicado  em  sua  Integra  na 
"Brazilian  Review/'  de  14  de  Janeiro  de  1908. 

COHMEBCIO  DO  POBTO  DE  SANTOS  EM  1907. 

Segundo  dados  organizados  pelo  Servi^o  de  Estatistica  Com- 
mercial;  o  valor  total  do  commercio  do  porto  de  Santos  com  paizes 
estrangeiros  durante  o  anno  de  1907,  foi  de  342,688:366$,  contra 
308,161:603$  em  1906. 

As  mercadorias  que  mais  avultaram  na  importa^ao  foram  as 
manufacturas  de  ferro  e  a^o,  generos  alimenticios  e  tecidos.  As 
mercadorias  cujo  valor  mais  avulta  na  exporta^So  foram  o  caf6, 
couros,  borracha,  farello  e  bananas. 


CHILE. 

BENDAS  ADUANEIBAS  EM  1907. 

As  rendas  arrecadadas  pelas  diversas  alfandegas  da  Republica 
durante  o  anno  de  1907  foram  na  importancia  de  120,306,347.90 
pesos  J  ou  mais  6,989,109.32  pesos  do  que  no  anno  anterior,  quando 
attingiram  &  sonuna  de  113,316,238.53  pesos.  O  rendimento  no 
mez  de  dezembro  de  1907  foi  de  12,734,256.90  pesoSy  contra  12,009,- 
435.32  pesos  em  igual  mez  de  1906. 

VEBBA  VOTADA  PABA  O  OTJSTEIO  DAS  ESTBADAS  DE  FEBBO 
FEDEBAES  EM  1908. 

A  importancia  total  das  verbas  votadas  para  occorrer  &s  despezas 
com  as  estradas  de  ferro  federaes  durante  o  anno  de  1908,  attinge  a 
46,406,250.50  pesos ^  e  6  distribuida  assim  entre  as  differentes  linhas: 


Llnha«. 


Rede  Central 

Egtrada  de  Ferro  Chafiaral 

Bttradade  Ferro  Huasco 

Estrada  do  Ferro  de  Coquimbo. 

Bttrada  de  Ferro  de  Tongol 

LobVUob 


ToUl. 


Pesos. 


43,806,250.60 
636,000.00 
226,000.00 
1,320,000.00 
170,000.00 
160,000.00 


46, 406, 26a  60 


PEBMTJTA9AO  DE   VALES  POSTAES   COM   O  JAPAO. 

O  servi^o  dos  vales  postaes  entre  o  Chile  e  o  JapS,o  foi  estabelecido 
em  1^  de  Janeiro  de  1908.  As  lettras  poder&o  ser  sacadas  sobre 
qualquer  ponto  do  Japao,  incluindo  as  ilhas  de  Formosa,  Pescadores 
6  Sakhalien,  devendo  ser  os  valores  expressos  em  francos  e  cehtimos 
de  accordo  com  os  equivalentes  fixados.  O  valor  maximo  dos  vales 
postaes  seik  de  1,000  francos. 


708    SBCRETABIA  INTERNACIONAIi  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBIGANAS. 

DIBSITOS  DE  IMPOBTA9AO  £  ABMAZENAGBM. 

A  lei  que  foi  approvada  pelo  Congresso  Nacional  do  Chile  em  9  de 
setembro  de  1907,  e  promulgada  no  ''Diario  Oficial,"  no  dia  11  do 
mesmo  mez,  estabelece  que  os  direitos  de  importa^ao  e  de  armi^ 
zenagem  serao  pagos  em  pesos,  ouro,  na  forma  estabelecida  f)ela  lei 
No.  1992  de  27  de  agosto  de  1907. 

TBATADO  DE  COMMEBCIO  COM  A  DINAMABCA. 

O  '^Diario  OficiaP'  do  Chile,  em  sua  edi^ao  de  29  de  novembro  de 
1907,  publica  o  texto  do  tratado  de  commercio  celebrado  em  Berlim 
em  9  de  abril  de  1907,  entre  os  Govemos  do  Chile  e  da  Dinamarca,  em 
virtude  do  qual  os  cidadaos  de  cada  uma  das  Altas  Partes  Contrac- 
tantes  gozarao,  quanto  ao  seu  commercio  e  navegagao,  dos  mesmos 
direitos  e  favores  de  que  gozam  os  cidadaos  das  napOes  mais  favore- 
cidas. 

Ficaestipulado,  por6m,  que  os  favores  ou  concess5esespeciaes  quanto 
a  direitos  de  importacao,  de  porto  ou  de  doca,  que  forem  concedidos 
pelo  Chile  exclusivamente  a  outros  paizes  da  America  Central  ou  do 
Sul,  nao  poderao  ser  estendidos  &  Dinamarca,  em  virtude  das  dis- 
posig6es  deste  tratado. 

As  duas  Altas  Partes  Contractantes  reservam-se  o  direito  de 
modificar  as  leis  e  regulamentos  com  respeito  ao  commercio  de  cabo- 
tagem  em  favor  das  companhias  nacionaes,  podendo  o  Chile  conceder 
favores  ^s  companhias  de  navega^ao  dos  paizes  da  America  Central 
e  do  Sul,  sem  que  a  Dinamarca  tenha  o  direito  de  pedir  identicos 
favores,  e  reciprocamente,  podendo  a  Dinamarca  conceder  favores 
&s  companhias  de  navega^ao  dos  Estados  da  Scandinavia,  sem  que 
o  Chile  possa  reclamar  iguaes  favores,  comtanto  que  taes  concessdes 
nSo  se  fa^am  extensivas  ks  outras  na^oes. 


COLOMBIA. 

MOVIMENTO  DE  EXPOBTA9AO  DO  POBTO  DE  CABTAGENA  EM 

1907. 

Conforme  dados  fornecidos  d  Secretaria  Intemacional  das  Repu- 
bhcas  Americanas  pelo  Consul  dos  Estados  Unidos,  o  Sr.  I.  A.  Man- 
ning, houve  um  augmento  nas  exporta^Oes  reahzadas  pelo  porto  de 
Cartagena  em  1907,  comparadas  com  as  do  anno  anterior. 

As  exporta^oes  de  caf6  augmentaram  em  3,988,647  kilos;  as  de 
tabaco,  2,267,151  kilos;  marfim  vegetal,  1,968,816  kilos,  e  borracha, 
20,052  kilos. 


EQUADOB. 

Estas  exporta^Oes  tiveram  os  seguintes  destinos: 


709 


EgtadosUnldos. 

R«bio  Unldo 

AUemsnha. ...... 

Franca 

Outrospaizes... 


Allemanha. 


Estados  Unidos. 

Reino  Unido 

Allemanha 

Franca 


E8ta<lo8  Unidos. 

Refno  Unido 

AUemanha 

FranQH 

Outrospaixes... 


Palzes. 


CAF4. 


MABnM   VKOETAL. 


BORBACHA. 


1906. 


KOos, 

4,432,603 

783,511 

740,711 

31,344 

9,605 


1,713,660 


7,528 


1,862,574 
501,438 


86,399 
72,787 
40,751 
33,943 


1907. 


KUos. 

7,404,329 

1,346,663 

1,119,299 

68,473 

47,749 


3,960,811 


440,773 

63,031 

3,422,964 

505,589 


86,560 
77,360 
36,352 
43,750 
9,901 


EQUADOR. 

CONDI9OES  INTEBNAS. 

O  Consul  Britaimico  em  Guayaquil,  em  um  relatorio  que  dirigiu  ao 
seu  Governo  sobre  as  condi^des  economicas  do  Equador  no  aimo  de 
1907,  diz  que  tanto  a  exporta^ao  de  productos  nacionaes,  como  cac&o, 
borracha,  chap6os,  etc.,  como  a  importa^ao,  mostram  augmentos 
sobre  as  do  anno  anterior. 

Com  respeito  As  obras  publicas,  diz  que  a  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Quito 
foi  a  principal  obra  emprehendida,  a  qual  foi  successivamente  con- 
cluida  at6  Mocha,  Ambato,  Latacunga  e  Chasqui,  e  segimdo  as  ultimas 
noticias  recebidas,  a  linha  jfi,  chegou  &  esta^ao  de  Aloasi,  que  fica  a  36 
kilometros  de  Quito. 

O  contracto  concluido  entre  o  Govemo  e  a  **  Guayaquil  and  Quito 
Railroad  Company''  estipula  que  a  linha  devera  estar  concluida  em 
14  de  junho  de  1907,  mas  a  companhia  deixou  de  cumprir  as  clausulas 
do  contracto,  e  por  conseguinte  foram  nomeados  arbitros  para  resolver 
OS  diversos  pontos  em  questao  entre  as  partes  contractantes. 

A  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Puerto  Bolivar  a  Machala  foi  prolongada 
durante  o  anno  at6  aos  districtos  de  cacao  e  tern  sido  de  grande  bene- 
ficio  no  transporte  deste  producto  para  o  mar. 

Informa  mais  o  Consul  Cartright  que  a  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Iluigra 
a  Cuenca  parece  ter  sido  abandonada  pelos  concessionarios;  os  tra- 
balhos  no  trecho  que  se  estende  a  Chone  no  districto  do  cacao,  ainda 
que  fosseni  iniciados  com  fundos  publicos,  foram  abandonados  e  o 
material  que  se  importou  para  este  fim,  esta  exposto  a  ac^ao  das  in- 
temperies.     Igualmente  ficaram  interrompidos  os  trabalhos  de  cons- 


710    SECBETARIA  INTERN  ACTON  AL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMEBIGAKAS. 

truccfto  da  Estrada  de  Ferro  de  Curaray,  da  de  Santa  Rosa  a  Zanima, 
da  de  Guayaquil  a  Salinas,  e  de  Manta  a  Santa  Ana. 

O  novo  mercado  de  Guayaquil  foi  concluido  e  o  estado  da  saude 
publica  tern  melhorado  como  resultado  do  emprego  do  processo  Dixon 
para  a  destruipao  do  lixo.  Estao  em  via  de  construccS^o  outros  edi- 
ficios  publicos,  e  segundo  inf ornia95es  recebidas,  a  popula^ao  da  cidade 
de  Guayaquil  augmentou  de  80,000  a  90,000  habitantes. 

A  illumina^ao  electrica  foi  estabelecida  nas  principaes  ruas,  cies  e 
docas  e  nos  novos  suburbios  da  capital.  Prop6e-se  gerar  a  electri- 
cidade  por  for^a  hydraulica,  aproveitando-se  das  correntes  das  mon- 
tanhas  ou  dos  cursos  de  agua  ao  p6  das  Cordilheiras,  que  ficam  4  dis- 
tancia  de  55  at6  58  milhas  da  cidade.  Os  trabalhos  de  construc9§o 
do  tramway  electrico  proseguem  com  actividade. 
,^1  Foram  feitos  contractos  para  o  novo  servi^o  do  abastecimento  de 
agua  nas  cidades  de  Quito  e  Riobamba,  sendo  o  servi^o  do  abasteci- 
mento de  agua  da  cidade  de  Riobamba  contractado  com  um  engen- 
heiro  civil  dos  Estados  Unidos. 

A  cultura  do  assucar  vai  desenvolvendo-se  em  toda  a  Rejmblica, 
tendo  a  produc^ao  de  1906  attingido  a  7,000  toneladas.  O  consume 
nacional  deste  producto,  por6m,  augmentou  em  propor^fio,  de  mode 
que  foi  necessario  importar  cerca  de  1,200  toneladas  de  assucar,  para 
auxiliar  a  produc^ao  nacional. 

Em  virtude  de  uma  lei  promulgada  em  fins  de  1906,  concedendo 
ao  assucar  isenpao  de  direitos  de  importa^ao,  o  assucar  de  proce- 
dencia  do  Peru  e  da  America  Central  pode  entrar  no  paiz  sem  outro 
onus  que  as  despezas*  de  frete  e  carreto.  O  resultado  desta  medida 
foi  uma  baixa  sensivel  no  pre^o  do  producto  nacional,  de  mode  que 
hoje  6  igiial  ao  que  se  paga  pelo  assucar  importado. 

Os  negocios  da  cervejaria  de  Guayaquil  continuaram  sem  altera^&o, 
mas  como  resultado  da  reducpao  no  imposto  de  importa^ao  sobre 
a  cerveja  estrangeira,  faz-lhe  forte  concurrencia  a  cerveja  allem& 
e  americana. 

O  sal,  de  cuja  produc^ao  o  Governo  tern  o  monopolio,  foi  exportado 
vantajosamente  durante  o  anno  de  1906-7,  para  Tumaco  e  Buena- 
ventura na  Colombia.  Por6m,  a  exporta^ao  deste  producto  6  ainda 
feita  em  muito  reduzida  escala. 

As  fabricas  de  algodao  no  interior  do  paiz  foram  muito  prejudicadas 
pela  escassez  da  materia  prima  e  agora  se  prop6e  importar  o  algod&o 
do  Peru,  apezar  de  ser  o  producto  onerado  com  um  imposto  de 
importa^ao  de  cerca  de  cinco  centavos  por  libra.  Devido  k  escassez 
no  paiz  de  farinha  de  trigo,  foi  decretada  em  dezembro  de  1906,  uma 
lei  concedendo  isen^ao  de  direitos  de  importa^&o  ao*  trigo  e  outroe 
cereaes,  ervilhas,  feijao,  etc. 

Os  embarques  de  cac6,o,  que  constitue  a  maior  parte  da  exporta^io 
do  paiz,  nao  soffreram  altera^Eo,  sendo  um  pouco  menos  de  21,000 


ESTADOS    UNIDOS.  711 

toneladas  em  1905  e  1906,  os  ultimos  annos  de  que  temos  estatistica; 
mas  nota-se  um  augmento  no  valor  dessa  exporta^So.  O  pregb 
m^dio  augmentou  de  $15  por  50  kilos,  a  bordo  em  Guayaquil,  em 

1905,  a  $17  em  1906,  e  a  $23.50  em  1907.  Isto  tem  sido  de  grande 
beneficio  aos  interesses  agricolas  e  commerciaes  e  contribuiu  sensivel- 
mente  para  o  augmento  do  valor  das  exporta^6es  do  paiz. 

O  marfim  vegetal  figura  em  segundo  lugar,  tanto  em  volume  como 
em  valor,  entre  os  productos  equatorianos  exportados,  sendo  expor- 
tadas  21,796  toneladas  deste  producto  em  1906,  contra  19,036  tone- 
ladas em  1905.  O  pre^o  deste  artigo  tambem  augmentou  conside- 
ravelmente.  Em  1905,  o  pre^o  m6dio  do  marfim  vegetal  descascado 
foi  de  $4,  e  o  do  marfim  com  casca,  $2.75  por  100  libras.  Em  1906, 
o  pre^o  ascendeu  a  $4.50  para  a  noz  descascada,  e  a  $3  para  a  noz 
com  casca,  e  em  1907,  como  resultado  do  augmento  nos  direitos  de 
export a^ao,  os  consumidores  da  Europa  (os  quaes  recebem  75  por 
cento  do  seu  supprimento  do  Equador  e  cerca  de  25  por  cento  da 
Colombia)  viram-se  na  necessidade  de  comprar  o  producto  a  pre^s 
muito  mais  elevados,  regulando,  para  as  nozes  com  casca,  por  $3.50 
as  100  libras,  e,  para  as  nozes  descascadas,  por  $5.75,  por  100  libras. 
Da  exportapSo  total  deste  producto,  60  por  cento  correspondem  &s 
nozes  descascadas,  e  40  por  cento  ds  com  casca. 

A  exportapfto  de  chap^os  de  palha,  que  figuram  em  terceiro  lugar 
no  quadro  da  exportapao,  mostra  um  progressivo  augmento,  tendo 
subido  de  $350,000  em  1904  a  $440,000  em  1905,  e  a  $1,220,000  em 

1906,  e  o  Consul  julga  que  o  valor  registrado  em  1906  est&  muito 
aqu6m  do  valor  real. 

A  explorap&o  da  borracha  proseguiu  activamente  e  mesmo  com 
enthusiasmo,  sendo  a  extracgS,o  feita  em  districtos  muito  mais 
afastados  dos  portos.  A  producpfto  de  1906  foi  calculada  em  620 
toneladas. 

Os  materiaes  para  estradas  de  ferro  e  abastecimentos  de  agua  s&o 
fomecidos  em  sua  maior  parte  pelos  Estados  Unidos,  ao  passo  que 
da  GtSl  Bretanha  se  importam  os  tecidos  de  algod&o,  camas  de  ferro, 
ferro  galvanizado,  barras  de  ferro,  tubos,  estanho  em  folha  e  obras 
de  estanho,  saccos  e  tecidos  de  juta,  tecidos  de  linho  e  cachemiras. 


ESTADOS  UNIDOS. 

COMMSBCIO  COM  OS  PAIZES  LATINO- AMEBIC ANOS. 
BELAgAO  MEN8AL  DA   IMPOBTAgAO   E   EXPORTApAG. 

O  quadro  apresentado  na  pagina  589  6  extrahido  dos  dados  compi- 
lados  pelo  Chefe  da  RepartipSo  de  Estatistica  do  Departamento  do 
Commercio  e  Trabalho,  mostrando  o  movimento  commercial  entre 
os  Estados  Unidos  e  os  paizes  latino-americanos.     A  rela^fto  corres- 


712    SECBETARIA  INTERNACIONAIi  DAS  BBPUBLICAS  AMERICAN  AS. 

ponde  ao  mez  de  Janeiro  de  1908;  com  uma  identica  comparativa 
para  o  mez  correspondente  do  amio  anterior,  assim  como  para  os  sete 
mezes  findos  em  Janeiro  de  1908,  eomparados  com  o  periodo  corres- 
pondente do  anno  precedente.  Deve-se  explicar  que  os  algarismos 
das  diversas  alfandegas,  mostrando  as  importances  e  exporta^^des  de 
um  s6  mez,  sEo  recebidos  no  Departamento  do  Thesonro  at6  quasi 
o  dia  20  do  mez  seguinte,  e  perde-se  algum  tempo  necessariamente 
em  sua  compila^&o  e  impress&o.  Por  conseguinte,  as  estatisticas  para 
o  mez  de  Janeiro,  por  exemplo,  nao  sao  publicadas  at6  os  primeiros 
dias  de  mar^o. 

IMPOBTA^AO  DO  CAF]£  NO  ANNO  DE  1907. 

A  quantidade  total  de  caf6  importado  pelos  Estados  Unidos 
durante  o  anno  de  1907  foi  de  940,247,312  libras,  contra  857,013,585 
libras  no  anno  anterior.  Para  a  importa^ao  total,  o  Brazil  contri- 
buiu  com  727,187,465  libras,  ou  seja  77.34  por  cento,  e  o  Continente 
Americano,  com  cerca  de  98  por  cento.  Os  outros  paizes  da  America 
do  Sul  concorreram  com  103,536,649  libras;  os  Estados  da  America 
Central,  com  14,822,658  libras,  sendo  um  pouco  mais  de  2  por  cento 
do  total  fornecido  pelas  Indias  Orientaes,  Europa,  Africa  eoutras 
partes  da  Asia. 

O  consumo  por  habitante  no  anno  de  1907  foi  de  cerca  de  11  libras 
e  o  pre^o  m6dio  do  caf6  importado  foi  de  7.64  centavos  a  libra. 

EXPORT A9A0  DA  BOBBACHA  MANUFACTTJBADA  EM  1907. 

Segundo  dados  officiaes,  o  valor  dos  artefactos  de  borracha  e 
gutta-percha  exportados  pelos  Estados  Unidos  durante  o  anno  de 
1907,  foi  de  $6,993,333,  comparado  com  $5,658,606  em  1906.  Estas 
exporta^oes  foram  assim  discriminadas :  Correame,  gacheta  e  man- 
gueiras  de  borracha,  $1,402,373;  cal^ado,  $1,646,880;  e  outras  obras 
de  borracha,  $3,944,080. 

ESTATISTICA  PECUABIA  EM  l^'  DE  JANEIBO  DE  1908. 

Segimdo  dados  estatisticos  publicados  pelo  Departamento  da 
Agricultura  dos  Estados  Unidos,  o  numero  e  valor  dos  animaes  exis- 
tentes  nos  estabelecimentos  ruraes  do  paiz  em  1**  de  Janeiro  de  1908, 
foi  o  seguinte: 

Gado  cavallar,  19,993,000  cabe^as,  no  valor  de  $1,867,530,000: 
gado  muar,  3,869,000  cabe^as,  no  valor  de  $416,939,000;  vaccas 
leiteiras,  21,194,000  cabe^as,  no  valor  de  $650,057,000;  gado  ove- 
Ihum,  54,631,000,  no  valor  de  $211,736,000;  gado  suino,  56,084,000 
cabe^as,  no  valor  de  $339,030,000;  outros  animaes,  50,073,000,  no 
valor  de  $845,938,000. 

Comparadas  estas  cifras  com  as  do  anno  anterior,  verifica-se  um 
augmento  no  gado  cavallar  de  245,000  cabe^as;  gado  muar,  52,000: 


E8TADOS    UNID08.  713 

vaccas  leiteiras,  226,000;  gado  ovelhum,  1,391,000;  gado  suino, 
1,390,000.     Os  outros  animaes  diminuiram  em  1 ,493,000. 

Quanto  aos  valores,  o  gado  cavallar  mostra  um  augmento  de 
$20,962,000;  o  gado  muar,  uma  diminui^ao  de  $11,125,000;  vaccas 
leiteiras,  um  augmento  de  $4,560,000;  gado  ovelhum,  um  aug- 
mento de  $7,526,000;  gado  suino,  uma  diminui^ao  de  $78,761,000. 
Os  outros  animaes  mostram  uma  diminui^ao  de  $35,619,000. 

O  valor  total  dos  animaes  existentes  no  paiz  em  1^  de  Janeiro  de 
1908,  foi  de  $4,331,230,000,  comparado  com  $4,423,698,000  em 
igual  data  de  1907,  o  que  accusa  uma  diminui^ao  de  $92,468,000, 
ou  seja  2.1  por  cento. 

CONVEN^XO  SOBBE  BECLAMAqOES  PECTJNIABIAS. 

O  Govemo  dos  Estados  Unidos  fez  publica  a  ratifica^ao  pelo  Con- 
gresso  Nacional  em  2  de  mar^o  de  1907,  da  Conven^ao,  firmada  em 
13  de  agosto  de  1906  pelos  delegados  dos  Govemos  representados  na 
Terceira  Conferencia  Internacional,  estabelecendo  que  o  tratado 
sobre  reclama^5es  pecimiarias,  assignado  no  Mexico  a  30  de  Janeiro 
de  1902,  continuara  em  vigor,  excep^ao  feita  do  artigo  terceiro. 

BATIFICA9IO   DA  CONVEN9AO   SOBBE    CODIOOS  DE   DIBEITO 

INTEBNACIONAL. 

O  Senado  dos  Estados  Unidos  approvou  em  3  de  fevereiro  de  1908, 
a  Conven^ao  de  23  de  agosto  de  1906,  concluida  na  cidade  do  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  na  Terceira  Conferencia  Internacional  Americana,  creando 
uma  Commissao  Internacional  de  Jurisconsultas,  encarregada  de 
preparar  um  Codigo  de  Direito  Internacional  Privado  e  outro  de 
Direito  Internacional  Publico,  que  regulem  as  rela^des  entre  os  paizes 
da  America. 

EZPOBTA9XO  DE  PBODUCTOS  ANIMAES  NO  ANNO  DE  1907. 

Os  dados  estatisticos  da  exporta^ao  de  animaes  e  productos  ani- 
maes dos  Estados  Unidos  no  anno  de  1907,  comparados  com  os  do 
anno  anterior  demonstram  uma  diminui^ao,  para  o  primeiro,  de 
$4,637,040,  e  para  o  ultimo,  de  $6,553,359. 

O  valor  total  das  exporta^5es  de  productos  animaes  realizadas  no 
anno  de  1907  foi  de  $192,962,623,  contra  $199,515,982  em  1906,  ao 
passo  que  as  exporta^Ses  de  animaes  para  o  consume  nos  dous  annos 
em  compara^ao,  foram  no  valor  de  $34,808,819  e  $39,445,859,  respec- 
tivamente. 

A  diminui^ao  verificada  na  exportapao  de  productos  animaes  foi 
realizada  principalmente  nos  seguintes  productos:  Toucinho,  cerca  de 
$13,000,000;  banha,  $2,500,000;  came  em  latas,  $1,500,000;  came 
em  salmoura,  $1,500,000;  e  pequenas  quantias  em  salsichas  e  pro- 
ductos de  oleomargarina.     Nota-se  um  augmento  de  $3,000,000  na 


714    SECBETABIA  INTERKACIONAL  DAS  BEPUBLJGAS  AMEBIOAKAS. 

exporta^&o  de  presuntos;  porco  em  salmoiira,  $2,500,000;  compostoe 
de  banha,  $2,000,000;  came  fresca,  $1,500,000;  oleo,  $1,250,000,  c 
tripas  para  salsichas,  $750,000. 

A  expoTtsu^ko  de  animaes  para  consumo  mostra  uma  ^iminuipao  de 
$4,500,000;  porcos,  $37,000,  e  cameiros,  $123,000. 

DESINFECgAO  D£  COXTBOS  IMPOBTAPOS. 

O  Departamento  do  Thesouro  dos  Estados  Unidos  expediu  na 
ultima  semana  de  Janeiro  de  1908,  uma  ordem  revogando  a  circular 
expedida  em  18  de  julho  de  1907,  que  estabelece  que  todos  os  couros 
que  forem  importados  no  paiz  deverao  ser  previamente  desinfectados. 

De  conformidade  com  a  decisao  do  Thesouro  n.  23212,  de  30  de 
julho  de  1908,  todos  os  couros  de  gado  que  nSo  estejam  secos, 
salgados  ou  preparados  com  arsenico,  quando  importados  dos  paizes 
da  Europa,  Africa,  Asia,  AustraUa,  e  a  America  do  Sul,  deverao  vir 
acompanhados  de  urn  certificado,  no  qual  se  declare  sua  previa 
desinfecgSo. 

INDXJSTBIA  DO  FXJMO  EM  1907. 

t 
Segundo    dados    estatisticos    organizados    pelo    '*  United    States 

Tobacco  Journal/^  da  relapao  mensal  das  rendas  intemas  do  paiz,  o 
numero  de  charutos  manufacturados  em  1907  foi  de  7,353,232,089, 
contra  7,373,490,996  no  anno  anterior,  o  que  accusa  uma  diminui^&o 
de  20,258,907.  O  numero  dos  charutos  denominados  *'pequeno8," 
augmentou  de  994,791,203  em  1906,  a  1,069,079,350  em  1907,  ou 
seja  um  augmento  de  74,288,147,  ao  passo  que  a  manufactura  de 
cigarros  apresenta  um  augmento  de  930,061,509,  em  confront©  com 
OS  de  1906,  sendo  de  5,298,790,523  e  4,368,729,015,  respectivamente, 
nos  dous  annos. 

A  quantidade  de  fumo  manufacturado  em  1907  mostra  um  aug- 
mento de  2,097,158  Ubras  sobre  a  do  anno  anterior,  sendo  de  361,- 
060,437  hbras  e  358,963,279  libras,  respectivamente. 


MEXICO. 

COMMEBCIO  EXTEBIOB  NOS  PBIMEIBOS  CINCO  MEZES  DE  1907-8. 

Segundo  os  dados  estatisticos  publicados  pela  Divisao  de  Esta- 
tistica  do  Departamento  da  Fazenda  e  Credito  PubUco  da  Republica 
do  Mexico,  o  valor  total  dos  generos  importados  durante  os  primeiros 
cinco  mezes  do  exercicio  de  1907-8  (julho  a  novembro  de  1907),  foi 
de  103,403,272.82  pesos^  contra  87,947,188.63  pesos,  em  igual  periodo 
do  anno  anterior,  o  que  mostra  um  augmento  de  15,456,084.14  pesos* 
A  importagao  no  mez  de  novembro  de  1907,  attingiu  ao  valor  de 


PEKU.  715 

20,604,265.16  pesos,  contra  19,572,488.49  pesos  em  igual  mez  de  1906,' 
o  que  mostra  iim  augmento  de  1,031,776.67  pesos. 

Foram  exportados  durante  o  periodo  de  que  se  trata  productos  no 
valor  de  109,928,021.86  pesos,  contra  96,141,669.80  pesos  em  igual 
periodo  de  1906-7,  verificando-se  um  augmento  de  13,786,352.06 
pesos.  O  valor  dos  productos  exportados  no  mez  de  novembro  de 
1907  foi  de  23,554,571.60  pesos,  ou  mais  181,893.71  pesos  que  em 
igual  mez  de  1906,  quando  attingiu  a  23,372,677.89  pesos. 

DEPOSnOS  DE  ASPHALTO  DA  BEPTJBLICA. 

Segundo  um  relatorio  consular  britannico  sobre  os  depositos  de 
asphalto  na  Republica,  este  producto  encontra-se  principalmente 
nos  districtos  de  Tuxpam  e  Tampico  no  Golfo  do  Mexico.  Esta 
substancia  est&  sendo  explorada  em  grande  escala,  especialmente^ 
no  districto  de  Tuxpam  cujo  producto  obtem  alta  cota^fio  nos  mer- 
cados  do  mundo.  Na  actualidade,  a  procura  deste  producto  excede 
ao  supprimento.  De  quando  em  quando  se  enviam  pequenos  carre- 
gamentos  para  a  Europa,  principalmente  com  destino  &  AUemanha. 
O  pre^o  do  asphalto  mexicano  regula  por  55  pesos  a  tonelada. 

O  asphalto  de  Tampico  consiste  principalmente  do  residuo  do 
petroleo  extrahido  pela  Companhia  de  Petroleo  Mexicana.de  Ebano, 
que  fica  a  cerca  de  40  milhas  a  oeste  de  Tampico.  O  petroleo 
destillado  deste  asphalto  crti  6  empregado  como  combustivel.  O 
estabelecimento  de  destilla^So  de  Ebano  tern  a  capacidade  de  50 
toneladas  de  asphalto  por  dia,  mas  por  causa  do  limitado  numero 
de  barns  de  que  disp5e  a  Companhia  para  o  seu  acondicionamento, 
a  produc^ao  at6  agora  nfio  attingiu  a  esta  quantidade. 

Calcula-se  em  muitos  milhares  de  toneladas  a  quantidade  de 
asphalto  existente  nos  districtos  de  Tampico  e  Tuxpam,  mas  a 
industria  est&  ainda  em  sua  infancia.  A  procura  do  asphalto  aug- 
menta  em  toda  a  parte  da  Republica,  e  cr6-se  que  dentro  em  poucos 
annos  haverA  um  enorme  desenvolvimento  deste  ramo  de  actividade. 

Com  a  conclusao  do  canal  de  Tuxpam,  sergo  muito  augmentados 
OS  meios  de  transporte  entre  as  zonas  do  asphalto  e  o  porto  de 
Tampico. 

PERU. 

BEND  AS  ADUANEIBAS,  PBIMEIBO  SEMESTBE  DE  1907. 

As  rendas  arrecadadas  pelas  alfandegas  da  Republica  do  Peru  no 
primeiro  semestre  de  1907  foram  na  importancia  de  £513,791.4.07, 
das  quaes  £348,226.2.73  foram  arrecadadas  pela  Alfandega  de 
Call&o,  e  £80,066.3.73,  pela  Alfandega  de  Mollendo,  que  6  a  segunda 
em  importancia. 

33228— Bull.  3—08 16 


716    SECBETARIA  INTERN ACIONAL  DAS  REPUBLICAS  AMERICAXAS. 

URUGUAY. 

BENDAS  ADUANEIBAS  EM  1907. 

As  rendas  arrecadadas  pelas  alfandegas  da  Republica  durante  o 
anno  de  1907  sommaram  $13,195,210,  comparadas  com  $12,863,597 
no  anno  anterior^  o  que  mostra  um  augmento  de  $331,612.  Ainda 
que  o  augmento  sobre  1906  n&o  seja  t&o  grande  como  o  verificado  em 
1906  sobre  1905,  o  total  das  rendas  para  o  anno  foi  o  maior  registrado 
nos  ultimos  quatorze  annos,  ou  desde  1894. 

As  receitas  arrecadadas  durante  os  mezes  de  Janeiro,  fevereiro,  maio, 
jimho,  julho,  agosto  e  dezembro  de  1907,  comparadas  com  as  dos 
mezes  correspondentes  de  1906,  apresentam  um  augmento,  ao  passo 
que  a  arrecada^&o  nos  outros  cinco  mezes,  em  confronto  com 
a  dos  mesmos  mezes  de  1906,  mostra  uma  diminui^ao. 

Cumpre  no  tar  que  este  augmento  realizou-se  nos  direitos  de  im- 
porta^ao,  sendo  estes  na  importancia  de  $11,852,041  em  1907,  contra 
$11,395,656  no  anno  anterior.  Por  outro  lado,  os  impostos  de 
exporta^ao  baixaram  de  $1,467,941  em  1906  a  $1,343,168  em  1907. 
Assim  parece  que,  ainda  que  o  paiz  compre  maior  quantidade  de 
artigos  do»que  em  annos  anteriores,  nao  augmentou  em  proporp&o  a 
venda  dos  sens  productos. 

Na  importancia  das  rendas  aduaneiras,  nao  estao  comprehendidos 
OS  direitos  addicionaes  destinados  ao  fundo  para  as  obras  de  melho- 
ramento  dos  portos,  os  quaes  importaram  em  $1,200,000,  mais  ou 
menos. 

SITUAgAO  FINANCEIBA  EM  1906-7. 

Do  confronto  da  receita  e  despeza  da  Republica  Oriental  do  Uru- 
guay no  exercicio  que  terminou  em  30  de  julho  de  1907,  result^a  um 
saldo  de  $2,149,984,  comparado  com  $453,1  IQ  no  exercicio  anterior, 
assim  estabelecendo  um  record  de  prosperidade  para  o  paiz. 

O  total  da  receita  arrecadada  no  exercicio  de  1907  elevou-se  a 
$26,159,411,  o  que  moslra  um  augmento  de  cerca  de  $6,000,000  sobre 
a  receita  do  exercicio  anterior.  Deste  saldo,  a  somma  de  $1,000,000 
foi  accrescida  ao  capital  do  Banco  da  Republica  para  o  augmento  de 
sua  emissao  de  notas,  e  a  maior  parte  do  restante  foi  destinado  a 
diversas  obras  publicas  e  servi^os. 

O  servi^o  da  divida  publica  foi  pontualmente  feito,  e  os  pagamen- 
tos  internos  se  eflectuaram  com  regularidade. 


a 


X 

D         ; 

U         S 


Bulletin  Mensuel 

DU 

Bureau  International  des  R^publiques  Am^ricaines, 

Union  Internationale  des  R^pabliqaes  Am^ricaines. 


Vol.  XXVI.  MARS  1908.  No.  3. 


(Un  grand  nombre  dee  articles  que  Ton  traite  ci-deseoua  ne  sont  public  en  entier 
que  dans  les  parties  anglaise  et  espagnole  du  Bulletin.) 

Au  moment  oil  ce  Bulletin  paraitra,  on  aura  regu  les  soumissions 
des  compagnies  qui  ont  6t6  invitdes  k  prendre  part  k  Tadjudication 
des  travaux  de  construction  du  nouveau  bfttiment  du  Bureau  Inter- 
national. II  ne  faudra  que  peu  de  temps  pour  faire  le  choix  de 
Tadjudicataire  et  on  devrait  commencer  les  travaux  actuels  le  15 
avril  au  plus  tard.  On  fera  de  grands  efforts  pour  pousser  active- 
ment  les  travaux  afin  que  Tfidifice  puisse  6tre  pour  ainsi  dire 
achev£  avant  que  le  Secretaire  d'fitat  et  president  du  Conseil  d' admi- 
nistration se  retire  de  son  ministdre  en  mars  1909.  Par  suite  de 
Fint^rfet  tout  particulier  que  le  Secretaire  Root  a  toujours  manifesto 
au  sujet  des  relations  des  £tats-Unis  avec  rAm^rique  Latine,  de  la 
reorganisation  et  de  Tagrandissement  du  Bureau  et  de  Tattention 
de  M.  Carnegie  qu'il  a*su  attirer  sur  I'importance  des  travaux  du 
Bureau,  de  manifere  k  ce  qu'il  ait  juge  bon  de  lui  faire  le  don  g^nereux 
de  $750,000  pour  un  nouveau  bfttiment,  le  Conseil  d' administration 
est  de  Topinion  uilanime  que  Ton  doit  faire  Timpossible  afin  de 
pouvoir  faire  la  dedicace  de  ce  nouveau  bfttiment  pendant  son  adminis- 
tration. Les  plans  et  devis,  tels  qu'ils  ont  ete  definitivement  ap- 
prouvfe  par  le  Secretaire  d'fitat  et  le  Directeur  du  Bureau,  agissant 
pour  le  Conseil  d' administration,  font  voir  bien  des  ameliorations  sur 
les  dessins  originaux  de  cet  edifice  et  cet  edifice  sera  sans  contredit 
Tun  des  plus  beaux  de  Washington.  II  sera  en  m^me  temps  artistiqufe 
et  utile,  donnant  bien  Tidee  du  but  auquel  il  est  consacre  tout  en 
etant  adapte  au  travail  pratique  du  Bureau.  On  espftre  pouvoir 
publier  dans  le  Bulletin  du  mois  d'avril  les  photographies  des 
dessins  revus  et  corriges.  Le  deiai  occasionne  dans  Tachevement  des 
plans  et  devis  par  les  architectes  est  dd  en  grande  partie  aux  revisions 
des  premiers  dessins  et  ft  I'etude  soignee  de  tons  les  details. 


718     BUEEAU  INTEBNATIONAL  DES  BEPUBLIQUES  AMEBIC AIKES. 
MOBT   DE    8ENOB   DON   JOSlj   ALGABA. 

Par  suite  de  la  mort  de  Son  Excellence  Jose  Aloaba,  sous-secretaire 
au  ministfere  des  Affaires  6trangferes  du  Mexique,  d6c6d6  dans  la 
capitale  le  10  courant,  le  pays  vient  de  perdre  un  de  ses  fils  les  plus 
d6vou6s  et  les  plus  distingu6s  et  le  Bureau  International  un  ami 
sincere  et  d6vou6.  Senor  Aloaba  a  occup6  des  postes  trfes  import  ants 
demandant  une  grande  responsabilit^,  parmi  lesquels  celui  de  pro- 
fesseur  de  droit  international  priv6  et  de  droit  comparatif  k  Fficole  de 
Jurisprudence  de  Mexico.  II  a  6t6  aussi  membre  du  Conseil  des 
Directeurs  de  Tficole  de  Droit,  sous-secr6taire  d'fitat  et  a  occupy 
d'autres  positions  administratives  dans  lesquelles  il  a  tou jours  fait 
preuve  d^une  grande  liability. 


NOUVEAU   COMITE   PAN-AMfeBICAIN. 

La  troisieme  Conference  pan-am6ricaine  tenue  k  Rio  de  Janeiro  a 
eu  la  bonne  id6e  de  nommer  dans  chaque  pays,  sous  la  pr6sidence  du 
ministre  des  Affaires  ^trangeres,  un  comit6  qui  devra  coop^rer  avec 
lui  pour  obtenir  T  approbation  des  traitfe,  conventions  et  decisions 
approuv6s  par  la  Conference  ainsi  qu'avec  le  Bureau  International  des 
R6publiques  Am6ricaines  pour  prendre  les  mesures  n^cessaires  afin 
d'augmenter  le  commerce  et  de  resserrer  les  liens  d'amiti6  entre  les 
diff^rents  pays  pan-araericains.  Demiferement  M.  Root  a  demands 
aux  personnes  suivantes  de  bien  vouloir  faire  partie  de  ce  comit6  aux 
Etats-Unis: 

M.  Andbew  Cabxegie; 

L'honorable  William  I.  Buchanan,  president  de  la  delegation  k 
la  troisieme  Conference  pan-americaine; 

L'honorable  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  senaleur  de  la  Virginie  de 
r  Quest; 

M.  Chables  B.  Landis,  depute  de  Tlndiana; 

M.  James  L.  Slayden,  depute  du  Texas;  ^ 

M.  A.  E.  Bates,  general  en  retraite  de  rArmfie  des  fitats-Unis: 

M.  L.  S.  RowE,  professeur  k  TUniversite  de  Pensylvanie  et 
deiegue  des  Etats-Unis  k  la  troisieme  Conference  pan-americaine; 

L' honorable  Robebt  Bacon,  sous-secretaire  d'fitat; 
,  M.  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeleb,   president  de  TUniversite  de  Cali- 
f  ornie ; 

M.  E.  J.  James,  president  de  TUniversite  de  I'lllinois; 

M.  Pax  L  8.  Reinsch,  professeur  k  rUniversite  du  Wisconsin; 

M.  William  E.  Cubtis,  le  correspondant  de  la  presse  si  bien 
connu, et 

M.  John  Babbett,  Directeur  du  Bureau  International. 


BUREAU   INTERNATIONAL  DES   RBPUBLIQUES  AMBRIOAINES.    719 

En  nommant  ce  coraitfi  le  Secretaire  d^  fit  at  a  dit  qu'il  pouvait 
rendre  des  services  trfes  importants  et  utiles  en  coop6rant  avec  les 
diff6rents  pays  ani6ricains  pour  arriver  k  une  entente  mutuelle  et  i, 
des  relations  amicales. 


RATIFICATION   DES   TRAITfes   CENTRO-AM^RICAINS. 

C'est  avec  plaisir  que  Ton  voit  la  ratification  des  trait6s  et  con- 
ventions sign^s  k  la  Conference  centro-am6ricaine  de  la  Paix,  tenue 
r6ceinment  k  Washington,  par  les  Gouvemements  de  TAmerique 
Centrale.  Cette  attitude  des  Gouvemements  centro-am6ricains  ne 
pent  manquer  de  recevoir  un  accueil  favorable  dans  le  monde  entier 
et  d'attirer  T  attention  sur  les  occasions  qui  se  pr6sentent  dans  ces 
pays  pour  leur  d6veloppement  et  leur  progrfes.  Comme  on  Pa  dit 
maintes  fois  dans  le  Bulletin,  TAnierique  centrale  peut  etre  classic 
comme  Tune  des  parties  les  plus  riches  de  Th^misph^re  occidental 
au  point  de  vue  des  ressources  naturelles.  Elle  n'attend  que  de 
grands  capitaux,  un  plus  grand  nombre  de  chemins  de  fer,  de  meilleures 
lignesde  paqueb9ts  et  aussi  un  gouvernement  stable  pour  se  lancer 
dans  une  voie  de  progrfes  et  de  prosperity  qui  un  jour  etonnera  Tunivers. 


L  HONORABLE    WILLIAM   J.    BRYAN    ET   L'AMERIQUE   LATINE. 

En  r^ponse  k  une  invitation  sp^ciale  du  Cercle  commercial  de  Lin- 
coln, Nebraska,  M.  John  Barrett,  Directeur  du  Bureau  Interna- 
tional, a  prononce  le  15  f^vrier  un  discours  au  banquet  annuel  de 
cette  organisation.  Dans  ce  discours,  il  a  discute  les  relations 
commercials  exterieures  des  fitats-Unis  surtout  au  point  de  vue  de 
TAmerique  Latine.  L^Honorable  William  J.  Bryan,  un  des  hommes 
pubUcs  le  plus  en  vue  aux  fitats-Unis,  etant  un  citoyen  de  Lincoln, 
M.  Barrett  a  ^change  avec  lui  au  sujet  des  fitals-Unis  et  de  TAm^- 
rique  Latine  des  lettres  qui  ont  plus  d'un  int^r^t  local  et  qu'on  repro- 
duit  ci-dessous : 

^'Bureau  International  des 

RtPUBLIQUES    AMfeRICAIXES, 

''  Wash?.ngton,  D.  C\,  le  20  Janvier  1908. 
*'A  THonorable  William  Jennings  Bryan, 

^^Aux  bans  soins  du  Bureau  National  de  la  Presse, 

**  Munsey  Building y  Wa^hingtony  D.  C. 
**Cher  Monsieur  Bryan:  Le  Cercle  commercial  de  Lincoln,  Ne- 
braska, m*a  invito  k  prononcer  un  discours  k  Toccasion  de  son  pre- 
mier banquet  annuel,  sur  les  relations  commerciales  des  Iiltats-L^nis 
avec  la  R6publique  du  Sud.  Comme  vous  ^tes  Tun  des  habitants 
les  plus  en  vue  de  cette  ville  et  de  cet  fitat,  et  que  Ton  y  appr^cie 


720     BUBEAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  b6pUBLIQUES  AMEBICAI191BS. 

grandement  votre  manifere  de  voir,  je  serais  trfis  heureux  d'appren- 
dre  ce  que  vous  pensez  au  sujet  des  d-marches  k  faire  pour  le  d6ve- 
loppement  du  commerce  et  le  resserrement  des  liens  d'ainiti6  entre 
les  Etats-Unis  et  ses  nations  sceurs,  afin  (j[ue  je  puisse  lire  k  cette 
r6imion  de  vos  citoyens  vos  opinions  h  ce  sujet. 

**  J'ajouterai  que  si  vous  6tes  k  Washington  pendant  quelque  temps, 
je  serais  heureux  de  vous  pr&enter  aux  Ambassadeurs  et  Ministres 
des  R6pubUques  de  TAm^rique  Latine  qui  composent  notre  Conseil 
d' administration  et  qui  repr&entent  Tfil^ment  le  plus  distingu^  des 
hommes  d'fitat  et  citoyens  de  TAmfirique  Latine. 

"Veuillez  agr6er,  Monsieur,  V  assurance  de  mes  sentiments  respec- 
tueux. 

**JoHN  Barbett.'' 

''  Washington,  D.  C,  le  28  Janvier  1908. 
*'A  THonorable  John  Barrett, 

*'Bur€(m  des  Republiques  AmSricaineSf  WaMngton^  D.  C. 

"Cher  Monsieur  Barrett:  Je  viens  de  recevoir  votre  lettre.  En 
rfiponse  aux  renseignements  que  vous  me  demandez,  j'ai  1  hoiineurde 
vous  dire  que  je  prends  le  plus  vif  int6r6t  au  d^veloppement  de  notre 
commerce  avec  TAm^rique  du  Sud.  Comme  je  pense  que  les  idfies 
rfipublicaines  sont  destinies  k  se  r^pandre  dans  le  monde  entier,  c'est 
avec  la  plus  grande  soUicitude  que  je  vois  le  d6veloppement  des  Re- 
publiques du  Sud.  J'ai  visits  deux  fois  le  Mexique  et  j'ai  assists  k 
rinauguration  du  premier  President  de  la  R^publique  cubaine.  Je 
comptais  faire  im  voyage  dans  TAmfirique  du  Sud  cet  hiver,  mais  j'ai 
dtl  le  retarder,  k  mon  grand  regret. 

"Si  vous  lisez  les  articles  que  j'ai  6crits  sur  le  Mexique  et  Cuba,  vous 
verrez  que  j'en  parle  dans  les  meilleurs  termes.  J'appuie  sur  I'atti- 
tude  du  President  Cleveland  au  sujet  du  V6n6zuela,  et  dans  des 
articles  de  fond  j'ai  propos6  1' encouragement  du  commerce  entre  les 
Etats-Unis  et  I'Amfipique  du  Sud  au  moyen  de  l'6tablissement  de  li^es 
de  vapeurs  faisant  le  service  des  c6tes  est  et  ouest  des  deux  pays. 
Au  lieu  de  subventionner  des  lignes  particuliferes  j'ai  propos6  que  notre 
Gouvemement  construise  des  navires  pouvant  6tre  utilises  comme 
transports  en  temps  de  guerre  et  les  louer  en  temps  de  paix  k  des  con- 
ditions qui  assureront  I'^tablissement  du  transport  de  merchandises 
et  de  voyageurs  entre  notre  pays  et  tons  les  pays  de  1' Am6rique  du  Sud. 

"Je  serai  heureux  de  faire  la  connaissance  des  repr6sentants  des 
Republiques  du  Sud  qui  composent  votre  Conseil  d' administration. 

'^En  vous  reraerciant  d'avoir  bien  voulu  attirer  mon  attention 
sur  ce  sujet.  je  vous  ])rie  d'agr^er,  Monsieur,  I'assurance  de  ma 
parfaite  consideration. 

'' William  J.  Bryan." 


BUREAU   INTERNATIONAL   DES   r6pUBLIQUES   AMBRICAINES.    721 
Ti:MOI0NAG£   DE   RECONNAISSANCE   DE   L'am£rIQUE   LATINE   k   M. 

ROOT,  secrIjtaire  d'Atat. 

Le  Conseil  d' administration  du  Bureau  International  a  profitfi  de 
Tabsence  de  M.  Root,  son  pr6sident,  k  la  demifere  stance,  pour  mani- 
fester  ses  sentiments  de  reconnaissance.  Quand  il  s'est  agi  de  dis- 
cuter  la  question  du  nouveau  bfttiment,  on  a  fait  la  proposition  sui- 
vante,  qui  a  6t6  adopt4e  h,  Tunanimitfi  et  qui  a  6t6  accompagnfie  de 
discours  approprife  k  la  circonstance : 

'^Quand  le  nouveau  b&timent  du  Bureau  International  des  R6pu- 
bliques  Am6ricaines  sera  en  voie  de  construction  on  y  6rigera  un 
tfimoignage  de  reconnaissance  convenable  en  Thonneur  de  Thonorable 
M.  Root,  Secretaire  d'Etat,  pour  reconnaltre  les  services  signal^s  qu'il 
a  rendus  k  TUnion  pan-am6ricanie  et  le  travail  pers6v6rant  dont  il  a 
fait  preuve  k  son  endroit." 

confilrenoe  sur  camoens  par  m.  nabuoo,  ambassadeur  du 

br£sil. 

L'Universitfi  de  Yale  vient  d'inviter  M.  Joaquim  Nabuco,  le  dis- 
tingue et  savant  Ambassadeur  du  Br6sil,  k  faire  une  conference 
devant  la  faculty  et  les  etudiants  sur  le  grand  po^te  portugais 
Camoens.  II  est  int^ressant  de  remarquer  Taccroisement  de  Tintfi- 
r6t  dans  les  grands  litterateurs  du  monde  latin  dont  les  noms  sont 
si  bien  connus  dans  FAmerique  Latine  et  le  sont  si  peu  aux  Etats- 
Unis,  et,  en  invitant  M.  Nabuco,  du  Bresil,  TUniversite  de  Yale 
ne  pouvait  faire  un  choix  plus  heureux  pour  parler  de  Camoens 
devant  une  audience  comme  celle  qui  se  trouvera  reunie  k  cette 
occasion.  Non  seulement  M.  Nabuco  occupe  le  premier  rang  parmi 
les  diplomates  distingues  de  FAmerique  Latine,  mais  son  erudition 
est  reconnue  dans  le  monde  entier.  Ce  discours  sera  non  seulement 
une  source  de  renseignements,  mais  encore  un  chef-d'oeuvre  au  point 
de  vue  litteraire. 


UN    MOT   d' APPRECIATION   DE   M.    BRIDGMAN. 

Les  personnes  qui  travaillent  s6rieusement  k  Tavancement  d'lme 
bonne  cause^  apprecient  grandement  un  mot  d'approbation  venant 
d'un  juge  expert  en  la  matifere.  II  parait  que  dans  T audience 
qui  ecoutait  le  discours  du  Directeur  du  Bureau  sur  FAmerique 
Latine  et  son  voyage  k  travers  les  Andes,  prononce  le  25  fevrier 
devant  la  Societe  de  Geographic  americaine  k  Mendelssohn  Hall, 
New  York,  se  trouvait  M.  Bridgman,  le  fameux  explorateur  et  le 
redacteur  si  distingue.  Le  journal  '^Brooklyn  Standard  Union" 
public  dans  son  numero  du  dimanche,  V^  mars,  un  article  de  fond 


722      BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL.  DBS  E&^UBIilQUES  AMBRICAanSS. 

6crit  par  M.  Bbidoman  et  intitulfi:  *'L'Am6rique  Latine  d'Aujourd'hm 
et  de  Demain/'  qui  contient  le  paragraphe  suivant: 

^'La  Soci6t6  g^ographique  am^ricaine  a  rendu,  peut-6tre  sans  le 
vouloir,  un  grand  service  public  en  pr6sentant  M.  Babbett  k  una 
audience  de  New  York,  et  toutes  les  personnes  qui  Tont  entendu  sont 
silrement  d' accord  pour  penser  qu'il  serait  bon  de  r6p6ter  son  dis- 
cours  sous  plusieurs  formes  et  dans  beaucoup  d'endroits;  que  c'est 
peut-6tre  le  moment  le  plus  opportun  de  1^  faire  avec  Tappui  que 
donne  le  prestige  des  cuirasses  et  Tenthousiasme  qu'a  fait  naitre 
leur  voyage  triomphant  autour  du  continent  et  que  si  les  audiences 
sont  difficiles  k  satisfaire  et  les  orateurs  peu  nombreux,  c'est  &  la 
presse  que  revient  Thonneur  de  prendre  en  mains  la  question.  Une 
des  parties  les  plus  agr^ables  et  int£ressantes  du  discours  de  M. 
Barrett  6tait  celle  dans  laquelle  il  a  pay6  le  plus  haut  tribut  k  M. 
Root,  Secrfitaire  d'Etat  qui,  d'aprfes  lui,  est  Thomme  le  plus  com- 
petent qui  ait  occup6  cette  place,  depuis  le  commencement  de  notre 
histoire.  On  sait  qu'il  a  rendu  de  trfes  grands  services  pendant  son 
voyage  dons  TAmfirique  du  Sud,  dont  Texcursion  de  M.  Babbett 
dans  les  CordiUferes  n'fitait  qu'un  incident." 


CONFERENCE   DE   YALE    SUR   l'aMEBIQUE   LATINE. 

On  donne  dans  ce  nuni^ro  du  Bulletin,  un  r6sum6  de  ce  que  fait 
r University  de  Yale  pour  encourager  I'^tude  de  TAmfirique  Latine. 
Si  les  autres  universit6s  pr6parent  des  cours  similaires,  le  Blt-letin 
sera  heureux  d'en  faire  mention  afin  que  les  6tudiants  de  TAm^rique 
du  Nord  et  du  Sud  puissent  se  rendre  compte  des  facility  qui  leur 
sont  offertes  pour  s'instruire  k  ce  sujet.  Non  seulement  T University 
de  Yale,  de  Colombie,  de  Cornell,  mais  aussi  celles  des  fitats  du 
Wisconsin,  de  T  Illinois,  de  la  Calif omie  et  Washington  pr6parent 
des  cours  pour  Tenseignement  de  ceux  qui  dfeirent  6tudier  Tespagnol 
et  se  rendre  compte  de  T  histoire  et  du  d6veloppement  de  nos  r6pu- 
bUques-soeurs.  II  est  k  souhaiter  que  toutes  les  institutions  d'en- 
seignement  sup6rieur  dans  le  pays  suivent  cet  exemple,  et  le  Bureau 
sera  trop  heureux  de  faire  tout  ce  qu^il  pourra  pour  leur  aider  dans 
la  mesure  du  possible. 


cercle  cosmopolitaix  et  colleges. 

II  y  a  en  Am^rique  une  organisation  trfts  peu  connue,  dont  le 
travail  est  des  plus  efficaces  dans  les  colleges  des  fitats-Unis  pour 
favoriser  le  d6veloppement  de  relations  plus  intimes  entre  les  6tu- 
(liants  de  pays  Strangers  et  ceux  des  fitats-Unis  se  trouvant  dans 


BUREAU  INTERNATIONAX,  DES  RBPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES.      728 

lea  mftmes  6tablissements.  On  I'appelle  avec  raisonle  Cercle  Cosmo- 
politain.  Ses  membres  se  composent  non  seulement  d'^tudiants 
strangers  qui  suivent  les  cours  des  colleges  des  Etats-Unis,  mais 
encore  d^un  certain  nombre  de  jeunes  gens  de  ce  dernier  pays  qui 
s'intfiressent  aux  pays  Strangers.  Partout  oti  il  a  6t6  organis6  son 
travail  a  pleinement  r^ussi,  mais  ce  cercle  n'est  encore  que  dans  soin 
enfance  et  il  fait  entrevoir  de  grands  rfeultats  pour  Tavenir.  Toute 
espdce  d'influence  qui  pent  entourer  les  jeunes  strangers  venant  dans 
notre  pays  pour  favoriser  de  meilleurs  rapports  avec  eux  ne  peut 
manquer  d^nstruire  tout  k  la  fois  les  Strangers  et  les  AmSricains  au 
sujet  de  leurs  pays  respectifs.  Probablement  les  6tudiants  des 
fitats-Unis  connaissent  beaucoup  moins  TAmSrique  Latine  que  les 
6tudiants  de  TAmfirique  Latine  ne  connaissent  les  fitats-Unis.  De 
14,  il  est  facile  de  comprendre  tout  le  bien  que  ce  cercle  peut  faire. 
Le  Bureau  International  lui  souhaite  une  grande  prosp6rit6  et  un 
grand  nombre  de  membres.  On  public  dans  ce  numSro  du  Bulletin, 
un  article  donnant  des  details  sur  son  organisation  et  son  but.  Get 
article  a  St6  envoy6  au  Bureau  par  un  de  ses  administrateurs. 


CONGRi:S   SCIENTIFIQUE   PAN-AM  ERIC  AIN.       . 

Le  17  fSvrier  il  y  a  eu  une  reunion  importante,  mais  ne  revfitant 
aucun  caractfere  officiel,  du  Conseil  d' administration  du  Bureau  Inter- 
national pour  considSrer  le  programme  du  Congrfe  scientifique  pan- 
amSricain  qui  aura  lieu  k  Santiago,  Chili,  au  mois  de  dScembre  de 
cette  ann6e.  Outre  les  membres  du  Conseil  d' administration  on  y 
remarquait  1' honorable  Robert  Bacon,  sous-secr6taire  d'fitat, . 
agissant  en  quaUtS  de  president  et  M.  L.  S.  Rowe,  professeur  k 
rUniversitS  de  Pensylvanie,  qifi  a  6t6  nomm6  membre  du  comitfi 
des  fitats-Unis  par  les  fonctionnaires  chiliens  charges  du  congrfes. 


l'amerique  latine  a  philadelphie. 

Le  20  mars  il  y  a  eu  4  Philadelphie  une  reunion  int6ressante  sous 
les  auspices  de  TAcad^mie  am^ricaine  des  Sciences  politiques  et 
sociales,  pr6sid6e  par  le  Directeur  du  Bureau  International,  k  laquelle 
assistaient  plusieurs  repr^sentants  diplomatiques  de  TAm^rique 
Latine.  Le  fait  le  plus  important  a  6t6  le  discours  int^ressant  et 
fitendu  du  Professeur  L.  S.  Rowe,  qui  travaille  si  fidfelement  et  avec 
tant  de  succes  k  d6velopper  des  relations  plus  rapproch^es,  surtout 
du  c6t6  intellectuel,  entre  les  fitats-Unis  et  leurs  r^publiques-scBurs. 


724     BUBEAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  BEPUBLIQUES  AMEBICAINES. 
NOUVELLE   REVUE   POUR   l'AM^RIQUE   LATINE. 

On  doit  f61iciter  la  redaction  d'une  des  principales  revues  du  pays 
"The  World  of  To-day"  (Le  Monde  d'Aujonrd'hui)  sur  le  projet 
qu'elle  a  de  publier  une  Edition  espagnole  sous  le  titre  de  "El  Mundo 
de  Hoy/'  Edition  qui  est  destinfie  k  avoir  une  grande  circulation 
dans  les  pays  de  FAm^rique  Latine.  On  a  inform^  le  Bureau  que 
les  r^d^cteurs  font  tout  ce  quails  peuvent  pour  que  leur  entreprise 
n'6choue  pas  comme  I'ont  fait  tant  d'autres  de  ce  genre  qui  n'ont 
pas  6t6  assez  ^tudi^es.  Le  principal  obstacle  dans  le  pass6  a  6t6  que 
la  compagnie  publiant  la  revue  n'avait  ni  assez  d'exp6rience,  ni 
assez  de  capitaux,  ou  encore  qu'elle  ne  s'6tait  pas  rendu  un  compte 
exact  du  caractfere  du  peuple  latino-am6ricain  et  des  sujets  k  traiter 
dans  une  publication  de  ce  genre. 

Si  Ton  execute  le  programme  de  "  Le  Monde  d'Aujourd'hui,"  tel 
qu'on  Tannonce  dans  le  prospectus,  les  promoteiu^  de  I'entreprise  ne 
peuvent  manquer  de  voir  leurs  eflForts  couronn^s  de  succ^. 


PORTRAIT  DU  PRESIDENT  dIaZ  PAR  M.  CREELMAN. 

Parmi  les  nombreiix  articles  qui  ont  paru  sur  M.  le  g6n6ral  DfAZ, 
President  du  Mexique,  celui  de  M.  James  Creelman,  public  dans  la 
revue  ^'  Pearson ''  du  mois  de  mars  est  peut-6tre  la  meilleure  petite  his- 
toire  authentique  qui  ait  6t^  publi6e.  C'est  en  quelques  mots  le 
portrait  du  premier  magistrat  du  Mexique  qui  permet  au  lecteur  de 
comprendre  facilement  Thomme  et  d'apprficier  ce  qu'il  a  fait  pour 
son  pays.  M.  Creelman  a  joui  du  rare  avantage  d' avoir  des  en- 
trevues  avec  un  grand  nombre  d'hommes  distingu6s  du  monde 
entier,  et  il  sait  si  bion  les  d^crire  que  ce  quMl  6crit  au  sujet  du  g^n^ral 
DfAZ  pr^sente  un  int6r6t  tout  particulier.  Son  appreciation  du  tra- 
vail de  DIaz  comme  fondateur  d'une  nation  et  la  position  qu'il  doit 
occuper  dans  Phistoire,  ainsi  que  le  portrait  fait  en  detail  de  sa  por- 
sonne,  frappent  le  lecteur  par  sa  grande  exactitude. 


BANQUET    OFFERT    A    SENOR    PULIDO    A   L^OCCASION    DE    SON    DfePABT. 

Avant  de  retoumer  dans  son  pays,  Seftor  Don  Augusto  F.  Pulido, 
qui  a  6t6  pendant  de  nombreuses  ann^es  dans  le  service  diplomatique 
du  Venezuela  a  Washington,  a  6t6  Tobjet  d'une  trfes  belle  demonstra- 
tion de  la  part  des  membres  du  Cercle  ''Metropolitan^'  de  cette  ville, 
qui  repr^sente  T^lite  du  monde  social,  diplomatique,  financier  et 
politique  des  fitats-Unis.  Au  banquet  d' adieu  qui  a  6t^  donn^  en 
rhonneur  de  Sefior  Pulido,  on  lui  a  offert  une  magnifique  coupe  en 


BUREAU   INTERNATIONAL  DES   REPUBLIQUES  AMBRICAINES.    725 

argent  sur  laquelle  il  y  avait  une  inscription  approprifie  k  la  circon- 
stance  et  le  f ac-siniil6  des  signatures  des  quatre-vingts  membres  du 
Cercle  ayant  sonscrit  pour  lui  offrir  ce  t6moignage  de  leur  estime  et 
de  leur  sympathie. 

VOYAGE  CIRCULAIRE  DE  l'am£rIQUE  DU  SUD. 

Comme  preuve  de  Tint^rfet  toujours  croissant  qui  se  fait  voir  parmi 
les  voyageiirs  au  sujet  de  TAmfirique  du  Sud,  MM.  Busk  & 
Jevgns,  agents  g6n6raux  des  lignes  de  paquebots  Lamport  &  Ilolt, 
viennent  de  publier  un  prospectus  sous  le  titre  de  '^  Voyage  circulaire 
special  de  TAmfirique  du  Sud:  New  York  k  Bahia;  Bahia  k  Rio  de 
Janeiro;  Rio  de  Janeiro  k  Santos;  Santos  k  Mont6vid6o;  Mont6vid6o 
k  Buenos-Aires;  Buenos- Aires  k  travers  les  Andes  par  chemin  de  fer 
k  Valparaiso;  Valparaiso  k  Panama  par  vapeur,  k  travers  I'isthme  k 
Colon,  et  de  Ik  k  New  York  ou  vice-versa. '' 

Ce  long  voyage  pent  se  faire  au  prix  comparativement  modique  de 
$475,  y  compris  les  repas  et  les  cabines  stir  les  paquebots  et  les  places 
de  premiere  classe  sur  les  lignes  de  chemins  de  fer.  Dans  son  dernier 
num^ro,  le  Bulletin  a  public  des  photographies  d'un  des  nouveaux 
paquebots  de  cette  ligne  qui  fait  le  service  mensuel  k  Mont6vid6o  et 
k  Buenos- Aires.  Ces  paquebots  font  le  voyage  de  New  York  k  Rio 
de  Janeiro  en  dix-huit  jours  et  k  Buenos- Aires  en  vingt-six  jours. 


ROUTES    COMMERCIALES    SUD-AMfeRICAINES. 

Un  num6ro  recent  de  ** Dunn's  Review"  contient  un  article  int6- 
ressant,  pr6par6  par  le  Professeur  J.  Russell  Smith,  au  sujet  des 
routes  commerciales  de  TAm^rique  du  Sud  par  rapport  aux  voies 
maritimes  int^rieures  correspondaVit  avec  les  chemins  de  fer.  A  cause 
des  nombreuses  demandes  de  renseignements  que  Ton  revolt  au 
Bureau  k  ce  sujet,  on  public  quelques  extraits  de  cet  article  dans  ce 
num6ro  du  Bulletin. 


PROORI^S  DE  LA  RipUBLIQUE  ARGENTINE  EN  1907. 

Les  rapports  officiels  re^us  de  la  R^publique  Argentine  montrent 
que  les  conditions  prospferes  que  Ton  a  remarqu6es  en  1906  ont  continue 
pendant  Tann^e  1907.  Les  chiffres  du  commerce  ext6rieur  accusent 
une  augmentation  d'environ  $20,000,000  et  une  balance  commer- 
ciale  de  plus  de  $10,000,000  en  faveur  du  pays.  Les  statistiques  de 
rimmigration  montrent  qu'il  est  entr6  329,122  personnes.  Les  con- 
ditions dans  lesquelles  se  trouvent  les  banques  sont  dans  un  meilleur 
6tat  qu'au  30  juin  1907,  le  solde  de  la  banque  de  la  Nation  Argentine 


726     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

indiquant  un  6tat  trfes  satisfaisant.  La  banque  a,  en  ce  moment, 
104  succursales  dans  le  pays  et  on  compte  augmenter  ce  nombre  dans 
le  cours  de  Tann^e.  Les  constructions  que  Ton  a  faites  dans  la  capi- 
tale  s'61fevent  k  lasomme  de  $79,033,833,  papier,  soit  une  augmenta- 
tion de  plus  de  $20,000,000  sur  Tann^e  1906,  et  les  recettes  douanidres 
k  Buenos- Aires  ont  augments  de  $943,882  en  or.  Les  r^coltes  de  bK 
et  de  lin  ont  6t6  tres  abondantes  ce  qui  a  contre-balanc6  la  production 
minime  du  mais  et  les  compagnies  de  chemins  de  fer  ont  pris  les 
mesures  n6cessaires  pour  transporter  facilement  les  produits  de  ces 
recoltes. 


COMMERCE    ET   INDUSTRIES   DE   LA    BOLIVIE. 

On  attire  Tattention  sur  la  diflF6rence  constat6e  dans  ce  num^ro 
du  Bulletin  entre  les  chiflFres  publics  par  la  Bolivie  et  ceux  qui  sont 
publics  par  les  fitats-Unis  au  sujet  du  commerce  entre  les  deux  pays. 
Dans  la  liste  d'exportations  publi6e  par  les  fitats-Unis,  la  Bolivie 
ne  figure  que  pour  $1,502,622,  tandis  que  les  rapports  consulaires 
sur  les  envois  de  New-York  et  de  San-Francisco  donnent  un  chiffre  de 
$2,852,000.  Ceci  s'explique  sans  doute  par  le  fait  qu'une  partie  con- 
siderable des  marchandises  destinies  k  la  Bolivie  est  exp6di6e  via  les 
ports  chiliens,  p6ruviens  et  br6siliens. 

Les  renseignements  au  sujet  de  la  Bolivie  que  Ton  public  dans  ce 
num^ro  sont  extraits  d^un  rapport  tr^  int^ressant  public  en  aoftt 
1907  par  le  Departement  de  la  Colonisation  et  de  TAgriculture. 


protection    DOUANIERE   ACCORDEE   AUX    industries    BR&SILIENNES. 

Au  sujet  de  la  revision  projet6e  du  tarif  douanier  du  Br6sil,  on  a 
pr6par6  une  liste  officielle  des  industries  manufacturiferes  en  exploita- 
tion dans  le  pays,  pour  servir  de  base  dans  Tfitablissement  du  nouveau 
tarif.  On  lvalue  k  $163,349,000  le  montant  du  capital  plac£  dans 
les  industries  manufacturiferes,  ce  qui  repr&ente  2,397  ^tablissements. 
La  production  textile  augmente  rapidement,  ce  qui  explique  la 
diminution  constat6e  dans  les  recettes  des  diflF6rents  pays  exporta- 
teurs.  En  vue  de  la  valeur  commerciale  de  la  nouvelle  fibre  Perini, 
le  gouvemement  Pexploite  afin  de  faire  concurrence  au  coton. 

En  1907,  la  production  et  Pexportation  de  caf6,  sous  le  nouveau 
systfeme  de  valorisation  ont  augments  sur  Tannfie  1906  de  plus  de 
1,000,000  de  sacs  repr^sentant  plus  de  $100,000,000.  Le  caf^ 
br6silien  represente  77.34  pour  cent  de  la  consommation  des  fitats- 
Unis,  soit  727,187,465  livres  sur  une  consommation  totale  de 
940,247,317  livres  en  1907. 


BUREAU   INTERNATIONAL   DES   REPUBLIQiJES   AMBRICAINES.    727 
DilVELOPPEMENT   DES   MOYENS   DE   COMMUNICATION   AU   CHILI. 

Le  gouvernement  chilien  s'occupe  de  ram6Iioration  des  moyens 
de  communication,  ainsi  qu'on  pent  le  voir  par  le  d6cret  promulgu6 
en  Janvier  1908.  Par  ce  d6cret,  on  autorise  la  d^pense  de  $37,000,000 
pour  la  construction  du  chemin  de  fer  longitudinal  et  on  donne  la 
somme  de  $15,500,000  aux  lignes  de  TEtat  pour  Tannic  1908.  Au 
l""  juillet  1907,  sur  les  927,639  kilometres  de  chemins  de  fer  projetfis 
par  les  autorit^s  nationales,  le  Bureau  des  Travaux  Publics  avait 
fait  le  trac6  de  707,233  kilometres.  On  encourage  aussi  le  d^vel- 
oppement  du  service  de  la  marine  marchande  et  actuellement  le 
Br6sil  est  le  seul  pays  de  I'Am^rique  du  Sud  qui  d^passe  le  tonnage 
des  navires  chiliens,  s^6levant  k  156,316  tonnes. 


TRAirfe    IMPORTANT    ENTRE    LA    COLOMBIE    ET   L^HQUATEUR. 

La  signature  d'un  traits  d^amiti^,  de  commerce  et  de  navigation 
entre  les  gouvemements  de  la  Colombie  et  de  Tfiquateur  ainsi  que 
l'6change  des  ratifications  le  24  ao(it  1907,  marque  une  fere  importante 
dans  le  d6veloppement  des  deux  R6publiques.  On  compte  dans 
I'fiquateur  plus  de  40,000  Colombiens.  Le  traits  dont  il  s'agit 
embrasse  toutes  les  questions  de  droit  international  qui  pourraient 
surgir  entre  des  pays  si  ^troitement  unis. 


RAPPORT    DE    COSTA    RICA    SUR   LA   CONFERENCE    CENTRO-AMIiRICAINE 

DE   LA   PAIX. 

L' approbation  et  la  ratification  par  le  Gouvernement  de  Costa 
Rica  des  diflF^rents  trait^s  et  conventions  sign6s  h  la  Conference 
centro-am6ricaine  de  la  Paix,  tenue  h  Washington  au  mois  de  d6cembre 
1907,  donnent  une  valeur  toute  particulifere  au  rapport  pr6sent6 
au  Congr^s  national  par  Sefior  Don  Luis  Anderson,  ministre  des 
affaires  etrang^res  de  Costa  Rica  et  President  de  la  Conference. 
On  reproduit  ce  rapport  dans  ce  num6ro  du  Bulletin. 


RECETTES   de    CUBA    ET   DEVELOPPEMENT   DU    PAYS. 

Les  recettes  cubaines  se  sont  ^lev^es  en  1907  k  la  somme  de  $29,- 
118,827.  La  plus  grande  partie  de  cette  somme  provenait  du  port 
de  La  Havane.  Pour  faire  face  aux  d6penses  occasionn^es  par 
r^tablissement  d^un  systeme  d'^gouts  dans  cette  ville  ainsi  que  par 
le  pavage  de  ses  rues,  on  a  d6cid6  demiferement  dVmployer  10  pour 
cent  des  droits  de  douanes  per^us  dans  ce  port.  Les  travaux  de 
construction  doivent  6tre  achev^s  en  six  mois  et  Ton  estime  que  10 


728     BUREAU  INTEBNATIO^TAL  DES  REPUBUQUES  AMBBICAINES. 

pour  cent  des  recettes  pendant  cette  p6riode  s'filfeveront  k  $12^000,000. 
Diverses  modifications  au  tarif  douanier  du  pays  sent  entries  en 
vigueur  le  28  f6vrier  1908,  ces  modifications  traitent  sp^ialement 
des  machines  et  appareils  pour  les  industries  du  sucre  et  leurs  produits. 


CONDITIONS  INTERIEURES  DE  L^^QUATEUR  ET  COMMERCE  I>U  PAYS. 

La  valeur  des  produits  indigdnes  de  Ffiquateur,  tels  que  le  cacao, 
le  caoutchouc,  les  chapeaux,  etc.,  a  augments  sur  les  marches  du 
monde  entier  pendant  I'annSe  1907,  am61iorant  ainsi  les  conditions 
commerciales  du  pays,  et  le  prolongement  du  chemin  de  fer  de 
Puerto  Bolivar  et  Machala  dans  les  districts  produisant  le  caoutchouc 
a  grandement  facility  le  transport  de  ce  produit  k  la  c6te.  Un  con- 
seil  d' arbitrage  discute  le  march^  du  chemin  de  fer  de  Guayaquil 
et  Quito  avec  le  Gouvemement  et  ce  dernier  vient  de  promulguer  un 
d6cret  autorisant  une  nouvelle  Amission  d' obligations  garanties  par 
les  recettes  provenant  de  Timpdt  sur  le  sel  afin  de  permettre  d'effectuer 
le  paiement  des  coupons  semestriels  aux  ech6ances  des  2  janvi^i 
2  juillet  1908  et  2  Janvier  1909.  U exportation  du  sel  aux  ports  de 
la  Colombie  a  6t6  fructueuse  pendant  Tann^e  1906-7. 


RAPPORT  FRAX9AIS  SUR  LES  CONDITIONS  COMMERCIALES  DU 
GUATEMALA. 

Quoiqu'il  ne  traite  que  de  Fannie  1906,  le  rapport  du  chaig6 
d'affaires  de  France  au  Guatemala  sur  les  conditions  de  ce  pays, 
contient  les  dernieres  donnees  qu'on  a  pu  se  procurer  sur  les  relations 
commerciales  entre  cette  R6publique  et  les  diff^rents  pays  du  monde. 
On  en  public  done  dans  ce  num^ro  la  traduction  presque  in  extenso. 
On  voit  que  si  les  Etats-Unis  foumissent  la  moiti6  des  importations 
du  Guatemala,  TAUemagne  les  d6passe  de  beaucoup  comnie  pays 
importateur  des  produits  de  ce  pays.  Les  chiffres  different  quelqae 
peu  de  ceux  que  le  Bureau  des  Statistiques  des  Etats-Unis  a  public 
Ce  Bureau  fait  voir  qu'il  y  a  une  augmentation  trfes  important 
pour  Tannee  1907  dans  les  importations  provenant  du  Guatemala. 


CONDITIONS    FINANCIERE   DU   MEXIQUE. 

A  la  fin  de  Tann^e  1907,  la  situation  des  34  banques  du  Mexique 
autoris6es  par  le  Gouvemement,  6tait  des  plus  satisfaisantes  et  la 
crise  financi^re  de  Tannic  ne  semble  pas  les  aflfecter  mat4riellement. 
Le  rapport  de  M.  Limantour,  Ministre  des  Finances,  a  attir^  beau- 
coup  d' attention,  et  la  conclusion  des  n^gociations  pour  la  fusion  des 
chemins  de  fer  entre  le  gouvernement,  les  quatre  banques  interna- 


BUBEAU   INTERNATIONAL  DES   REPUBLIQUES   .VMBRICAINES.    729 

tionales  de  New  York  et  deux  compagnies  de  Londres  aura  une 
influence  importante  sur  la  situation.  Les  recettes  douanidres  pour 
la  demi^re  p^riode  couvrant  sept  mois  de  Tann^e  1907-8  ont  aug- 
ments, et  le  commerce  pour  les  cinq  premiers  mois  de  cette  annee 
fiscale  a  augments  de  plus  de  $14,000,000  sur  la  m^me  p6riode  de- 
TannSe  1906-7.  Les  chiflFres  ayant  trait  aux  conditions  commer- 
ciales  pendant  le  premier  semestre  de  Tannfie  1907-8  font  ressortir 
ime  augmentation  de  plus  de  $4,800,000  dans  les  exportations  et  une 
plus-value  de  $7,600,000  dans  les  importations  sur  TannSe  pr6c6- 
dente.  D'aprfts  les  rapports  consulaires  les  diverses  industries 
indigenes  indiquent  une  situation  florissante. 


CONCESSIONS    ET   AMELIORATIONS   AU   NICARAGUA. 

Le  President  du  Nicaragua  a  d6cr6t6  une  augmentation  dans  remis- 
sion d' obligations  d'exportation  pour  faire  face  au  service  de  la  dette 
ext6rieure.  On  a  port6  k  $400,000  le  montant  de  cet  emprunt  qui 
Stait  primitivement  de  $75,000.  Le  service  de  la  dette  a  6t6  acquittfi 
rfiguliftrement  en  1907,  et  les  ameliorations  gen6rales  inaugur6es  par 
suite  de  concessions  accordfies  pour  Texploitation  de  produits  natu- 
relsy  indiquent  une  continuation  de  TStat  satisfaisant  de  rann6e 
actuelle.  On  a  pass6  en  adjudication  les  travaux  pour  la  construction 
d'une  ligne  de  chemins  de  fer  allant  de  San  Jos6  del  Sur  sur  le  littoral 
du  Pacifique  jusqu'd.  Tinterieur.  On  va  faire  des  travaux  de  dragage 
k  la  barre  du  Rio  Grande  et  am61iorer  les  facilit6s  de  navigation.  On 
a  accords  des  concessions  pour  Texploitation  des  min^raux  et  de  la 
gutta-percha  qui  augmenteront  considerablement  les  recettes  du 
Gouvemement. 

COMMERCE    EXT^RIEUR   EN    1907. 

D'aprfes  des  renseignements  officiels  qui  viennent  d^fitre  transmis 
au  Bulletin  Mensuel  par  M.  Isidoro  Hazera,  ministre  des  Fi- 
nances de  la  R^publique  de  Panama,  il  r6sulte  que  le  commerce  ext^- 
rieur  de  ce  pays  en  1907,  s'est  61ev6  k  un  total  de  $19,165,548.69, 
dont  $17,204,983.77  pour  les  importations  et  $1,960,664.92  pour  les 
exportations. 

IMPULSION   DONn6e   AUX   RELATIONS    SOCIALES    ET   COMMERCIALES. 

On  reproduit  dans  ce  num^ro  du  Bulletin  les  photographies  de 
ceux  qui  ont  remport^,  pour  le  meilleur  essai  sur  les  fitats-Unis,  les 
prix  oflferts  par  M.  Kellogg,  consul  am^ricain.  Ces  photographies 
prouvent  que  la  propagande  que  notre  Consul  a  faite  pour  augmenter 
les  connaissances  des  habitants  de  Panama  au  sujet  des  fitats-Unis 


780     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

a  doim6  de  bons  r^sultats.  M.  Kjelloqg  fait  savoir  que  ce  concours 
a  doim6  un  grand  essor  k  T^tude  de  1' anglais  et  des  institutions  des 
fitats-Unis,  et  il  considfere  que  cette  connaissance  est  la  seule  base 
BUT  laquelle  on  pent  d6velopper  les  relations  sociales  et  commerciales 
.entre  les  pays  int^ress^s. 

COMMERCE    ET   RESSOURCES   DU   SALVADOR. 

On  estime  k  $6,000,000  environ  la  valeur  totale  des  exportations 
du  Salvador  faites  pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Tann^e  1907; 
les  fitats-Unis  y  figurent  pour  $1,592,473.  Le  Salvador  donne  des 
chiifres  plus  61ev6s;  il  estime  k  plus  de  $2,000,000  les  exportations 
faites  aux  fitats-Unis  pendant  les  neuf  mois  en  question. 

Les  recettes  provenant  du  service  t616graphique  et  t616phonique 
font  ressortir  une  augmentation  de  $1,000,  et  d'aprds  un  rapport 
important  de  M.  Ernest  Schernikow,  consul  du  Salvador  k  New- 
York,  I'industrie  miniere  du  pays  est  on  ne  pent  plus  florissante. 


FINANCES    ET   PROQRES   fecONOMIQUES   DE   l' URUGUAY. 

Le  surplus  du  Tr^sor  est  6valu6  k  plus  de  $2,000,000  pour  Tann^e 
fiscale  1907,  et  les  recettes  de  Fannie  accusent  une  augmentation  de 
plus  de  $6,000,000  sur  Tannic  ld06.  Bien  que  les  recettes  douaniferes 
pour  Tannic  ne  montrent  pas  une  augmentation  aussi  considerable 
que  pour  les  deux  ann6es  pr6c6dentes,  le  total,  qui  d^passe  la  somme 
de  $13,000,000,  6tablit  un  record  depuis  Tann^e  1894.  Le  service  de 
la  dette  du  pays  a  6t6  acquitt^  promptement  pendant  Tannfie. 


NOUVELLE   LOI   DOUANlJlRE    AU   V^N^ZUELA. 

Une  nouvelle  loi  douanifere,  publi6e  dans  la  ^^Gaceta  Oficiar'  du 
13  Janvier  1908,  est  entree  en  vigueur  en  m^me  temps  que  sa  pro- 
mulgation dans  ce  journal. 

APPEOBATION  DES  CONVENTIONS  DE  LA  CON- 
FfiEENCE  CENTEO  -  AMfiRICAINE  DE  LA 
PAIX. 

Les  difffirents  corps  16gislatifs  des  Gouvernements  de  TAm^rique 

Centrale  ont  inform^  le  D6parteraent   d'fitat  des    fitats-Unis  aux 

dates  ci-dessous  mentionn6es,  qu'ils  ont  approuv^  les  conventions 

sign^es  dans  la  Conference  de  la  Paix  k  Washington  en  d^c^mbre  1907: 

Nicaragua,  le  15  f6vrier  1908.      Costa  Rica,  le  25  f^vrier   1908. 

Saivador,  le  27  ffevriei  190%.     Honduras,  le  3  mars  1908.     Guate- 

maia;  Je  13  mars  1908. 


BEPUBLIQUE  ARGENTINE.  731 

LE    CAFfi  DE  L'AMfiRIQUE  CENTRALE. 

D'aprfes  les  calculs  faits  sur  la  production  du  caf6  des  differentes 
R^publiques  de  TAm^rique  du  Centre  pour  rann^e  1907-8,  le  Guat6- 
mala  a  produit  600,000  quintaux;  le  Nicaragua  137,000  quintaux, 
le  Salvador  500,000  quintaux,  et  Costa  Rica  160,000  sacs. 

La  production  du  Nicaragua  a  done  dirainu^  de  34,500  quintaujt  et 
celle  du  Guatemala  reste  stationnaire. 


RfiPUBLIQUE  ARGENTINE. 

D'apres  les  chiflfres  publics  par  le  Bureau  des  Statistiques  de  la 

COMMERCE   BX-  R^pubUquc    Argentine,    les    donn6es    prfliminaires 

tI:bieub  en  i907.   ayant  trait  au  commerce  ext^rieur  du  pays  pendant 

I'annfie  1907  font  ressortir  un  total  de   $582,065,052  contre  $562,- 

224,450  en  1906,  soit  une  augmentation  de  $19,840,602. 

Pendant  Tannic  1907,  il  est  arriv6  dans  la  R^publique  Argentine 

329,122   passagers   et   immigrants   venant   de   pays 

strangers  et  de  Mont6vid6o. 

I^  D^partement  de  TAgriculture  de  la  R6publique  Argentine  pense 

que  Ton  pourrait  cultiver  avantageusement  le  riz  dans  le  pays.     On 

estime  k  13,000,000  de  kilos  la  production  totale  du 

CULTURE  DU  RIZ.  rfz  cu  1907  et  la  superficie  en  culture  k  4,352  hectares. 

On  cultive  le  riz  dans  les  provinces  de  Tucuman,  de 

Salta,  de  Jujuy,  de  San  Juan,  de  Santiago  del  Estero  et  de  Misiones. 

La  production  moyenne  est  d'environ  3,000  kilos  par  hectare,  au  prix 

de  $1 50  (monnaie  nationale)  par  hectare.     Comme  le  prix  moyen  du  riz 

en  parcheminestde  $9&  $10  (or)  les  100  kilos,  on  voit  que  la  production 

pent  en  tirer  un  grand  b6n6fice.     Les  importations  de  riz  pendant  les 

neuf  premiersmoisderann6el907  sesont  61ev6es  k  12,716  tonnesderiz 

en  parchemin,  6valu6es  k  $254,320,  et  k  15,415  tonnes  deriz  d^cortiqu^, 

6valu6es  k  $1,233,145.     Le  riz  en  parchemin  provient  principalement 

de  possessions  anglaises  et  le  riz  d6cortiqu6  de  Tltahe. 

Le  Comity  des  Travaux  Publics  de  la  Chambre  des  D6put6s  du  Con- 
gr6s  argentin  a  d6cid6  de  remettre  jusqu'k  la  pro- 

f  llISMlltf    ItP    ITER  .  .  '■  .  . 

DES  ANDES.  chaiuc  session,  la  discussion  du  pro  jet  de  loi  autonsant 

la  vente  du  chemin  de  fer  des  Andes  pour  la  somnfe  de 
$27,828,000. 

33228— Bull.  3—08 17 


732        BUBEAU   INTEENATIONAL  DBS  EEPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

BOLIVIE. 

D'aprfes  des  renseignements  fournis  au  Bureau  International  des 
R^publiques  Amfiricaines  par  Seflor  Don  Ignacio 
LM™ATO-UNi™  Calderon,  minisfre  de  Bolivie  k  Washington,  les 
exportations  de  New  York  et  de  San  Francisco  en 
Bolivie  se  sont  61ev6e8  k  $2,852,460.30  en  1907  contre  $1,136,603.91  en 
1906,  soitune  augmentation  de$l,715,856.39.  En  1905  les  exportations 
provenant  de  ces  ports  s'6taient  61ev6es  k  $1,720,000,  de  sorte  qu'il  y  a 
eu  une  augmentation  de  prfes  de  1 00  pour  cent  dans  les  deux  ann^es. 


BRfiSIL. 

Les  importations  du  Br6sil  pendant  les  onze  mois,  de  Janvier  k 
novembre  1907,  se  sont  61ev6es  k  $183,000,000,  contre  $146,000,000 

coMMEBCE  Bx-  ^^  1906.  Lcs  cxportatious  pour  les  deux  p6riodes 
t£bieub,  onze  dont  il  est  question  ont  6t6  de  $252,000,000  et  de 
MOIS  DE  1907.  $238,000,000,  respectivement.  Le  caf6  et  le  caout- 
chouc rfiimis  y  figurent  pour  plus  de  $192,000,000. 

Le  Ministfere  de  T  Industrie,  des  Chemins  de  Fer  et  des  Travaux 

TBAYAUX  DE  PubUcs  a  Hiis  cu  adjudication  les  travaux  de  con- 
^^*''-  struction  du  port  de  Recife.    On  recevra  les  soumissions 

jusqu'au  26  mars  1908,  k  midi. 

La  valeur  totale  du  commerce  ext^rieur  du  port  de  Santos  en  1907 

COMMEBCE  DE  s'cst  61ev6e  k  $107,000,000  pour  les  exportations  et  k 
SANTOS  EN  1907.  $42,000,000  pouF  Ics  importations  contre,  $101 ,000,000 
et  $32,000,000  pour  Tannfie  ant^rieure. 

BECETTESDOUA-  Les  leccttes  douanieres  de  Para  se  sont  61ev6es  en 
NiEBES  A  PABA.  1907  Jt  9,373,600$794  en  or  et  k  22,575,310$099  en 
papier. 

Le  D6partement  d'fitat  des  fitats-Unis  vient  d'infortner  le  Bureau 

BATiFicA  T 1 0  N  International  des  R^publiques  Am^ricaines  de  la  rati- 
DE  LA  coNVEN-  fication  par  le  Gouvernement  brfeilien  en  date  du  9 
TioN  SANITAIBE.  jg^jj^j^j.  jQQg^  j^  ^^  convcntiou  sanitaire  Interna- 
tionale de  Washington. 

n  est  entr6  dans  le  port  de  Rio  de  Janeiro  pendant  Tann^  1907 

iMMiGBATioN.      31,173  immigrants,  soit  4,026  de  plus  qu'en  1906. 


CUBA.  733 


CHILI. 


U  Exposition  nationale  de  chaussure  et  de  cuirs  inaugur^e  le  18 
octobre  1907,  h  Santiago,  a  d6montr6  que  Tindustrie  des  ciiirs  a 
CHAUSSUBES  ET  atteint  un  trds  Ijaut  degr6  de  perfection.  Vingt- 
cuiB  EN  1907.  trois  fabriques  ont  pris  part  k  Texposition,  y  compris 
des  cordonneries  et  des  tanneries.  II  y  a  plus  de  50,000,000  de 
pesos  places  dans  ces  industries. 

Le  9  avril  1907  il  a  6t6  sign6  k  Berlin,  entre  le  Chili  et  le  Danemark, 
un  traits  de  commerce  et  de  navigation  par  lequel  ces  deux  Gouver- 
TBAiT^  DE  COM-  i^^^^nts  s'accordcnt  le  traitement  de  la  nation  la 
MEBCE  AVEC  plus  favorfs^e.  II  est  toutefois  bien  entendu  que  le 
Danemark  ne  pourra  s^appuyer  sur  ce  traits  pour 
r^clamer  des  droits  aux  reductions  sp^ciales  faites  par  le  Chili  aux 
pays  de  TAm^rique  du  Centre  et  du  Sud  sur  les  droits  de  douane, 
de  port,  de  m61e  et  de  navigation. 


COLOMBIE. 


Selon  des  donn6es  transniises  au  Bureau  International  des  R6pu- 
bliques  Am^ricaines  par  M.  I.  A.  Manning,  Consul  des  fitats-Unis, 

COMMEBCE     DE  il  y  a  cu  une  augmentation  en  1907  sur  Tannic  1906 
cabtagI:ne.  jans  les  exportations  de  la  Colombie  via  Cartagfene. 

Les  expeditions  de  caf6  ont  augments  de  3,908,647  kilogrammes; 
le  tabac  de  2,267.15  kilogrammes;  Tivoire  v^g^tal  de  1,968,816  kilo- 
grammes, et  le  caoutchouc  de  20,052  kilogrammes. 

D'aprfes  un  rapport  public  dans  le  "Diaro  Oficial"  de  Colombie 

subventions  ^^  ^^*'®  ^^  2^  d6cembre  1907,  le  Gouvernement  colom- 
EN  i»o8.  bien  a  accord^  aux  compagnies  de  chemins  de  fer  pour 

Fannie  1908  des  subventions  s'^levant  k  $900,000  en  or. 


CUBA. 


D'aprfes  des  statistiques  officielles,  les  recettes  fiscales  du  pays 
pour   I'annfie   1907   se  sont   61ev6es   k  $29,118,827.29   contre  $27,- 

418,435.14  en  1906,  soit  une  augmentation  de  $1,- 
CA^E^s^"^^^    "^'   700,392.15.     En     1907,    la    perception    des    imp6ts 

destines  a  Tamortissement  de  I'emprunt  s'est  61ev6e 
k  $3,692,786.16,  [soit  une  augmentation  de  $9,043.32  sur  celle  de 
Tann^e  anterieure. 


734     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  REPUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 


fiTATS-UNIS. 

On  trouvera  k  la  page  589  le  dernier  rapport  du  commerce  entre  les 
fitats-Unis  et  TAmfirique  Latine,  extrait  de  la  compilation  faite  par 
COMMERCE  AVEC  ^®  Biircau  des  Statistiques  du  Ministfere  du  Commerce 
l*am£bique    LA-  et  du  Travail.     Le  rapport  a  trait  au  mois  de  Janvier 
"^^*  1908,  et  donne  un   tableau    comparatif  de  ce  mois 

avec  le  mois  correspondant  de  Fannie  1907.  II  donne  aussi  un 
tableau  des  sept  mois  finissailt  au  mois  de  Janvier  1908,  en  les  com- 
parant  avec  la  p^riode  correspondente  de  Tannic  pr6c6dente.  On 
sait  que  les  chiflfres  des  diff^rents  bureaux  de  douane  montrant  les 
importations  et  les  exportations  pour  un  mois  quelconque  ne  sont 
re^us  au  Minist^re  des  Finances  que  le  20  du  mois  suivant,  et  qu'il 
faut  un  certain  temps  pour  les  compiler  et  les  faire  imprimer,  de 
sorte  que  les  r^sultats  pour  le  mois  de  Janvier  ne  peuvent  6tre  publics 
avant  le  mois  de  mars. 
Le  total  des  importations  de  cafe  dans  les  Etats-Unis  en  1907 
IMPOBTATIONS  ^'est  61ev6  k  940,247,312  livres  contre  867,013,585 
DB  CAFfi.  dans  Tannic  pr6c6dente.     Sur  cette  quantity  le  Br6- 

sil  en  a  fourni  727,187,456  livres,  soit  77.34  pour  cent;  le  continent 
am6ricain  tout  entier  en  a  fourni  environ  98  pour  cent.  La  con- 
sommation  par  tfite  en  1907  a  6t6  d'environ  11  livres  et  le  prix 
moyen  d'importation  de  7.64  cents  la  livre. 

Les   exportations  d'articles  en  caoutchouc   et   en 

CAOUTCHOUC.         gutta-percha  se  sont  elev^es  pendant  Tann^e  1907  h 

$6,993,333  contre  $5,658,606  en  1906. 

D'apres  un  rapport  du  D^partement  de  FAgriculture  des  Etats- 

Unis,  sur  le  recensement  du  b6tail  sur  pied  dans  le  pays  au  P*"  Janvier, 

B^TAiL  ^'  y  avait  au  l^*"  Janvier  1908,  205,843,000  tfetes  de 

b^tail   de  toutes  sortes,  6valu6es  k    $4,331,230,000, 

contre  $4,423,698,000,  soit  une  diminution  de  $92,468,000  ou  2.1  pour 

cent. 

Les  recettes  provenant  de  rimp6t  int^rieur  font  voir  une  diminu- 
tion de  20,258,907  dans  le  nombre  de  cigares  fabriqu6s  pendant 
Fannie  1907  en  la  comparant  avec  Tannic  1906;  les 
chiffres  des  deux  ann^es  6tant  de  7,353,232,089  et  de 
7,373,490,996,  respectivement.  Le  commerce  des  "petits  cigares^'  a 
augments  de  994,791,203  k  1,069,079,350,  soit  une  augmentation  de 
74,288,147,  et  les  cigarettes  ont  augments  de  930,061,509  en  1907  sur 
Tannic  ant^rieure.  I^e  tabac  manufacture  a  augmente  de  2,097,158 
livres  en  1907. 


PANAMA.  785 

Les  statistiques  sur  les  exportations  d'animaux  pour  la  viande  de 
boucherie  et  de  produits  de  viande  des  fitats-Unis  en  1907,  accusent 
une  diminution  de  $4,637,040  dans  la  valeur  des 
DE  viande"^  ^  ^  animaux  et  de  $6,553,359  dans  la  valeur  des  viandes 
en  les  comparant  avee  Tann^e  pr6c6dente.  La  valeur 
totale  des  exportations  de  viande  en  1907  s'est  61ev6e  k  $192,962,623, 
centre  $199,515,982  en  1906,  et  la  valeur  des  expeditions  d'animaux 
pour  la  viande  de  boucherie  pendant  les  deux  p6riodes  a  6t6  de 
$34,808,819  et  $39,445,859,  respectivement. 


MEXIQUE. 

D'apr^s  le  rapport  d'un  consul  anglais  sur  les  gisements  d'asphalte 
au  Mexique,  il  parait  que  la  production  est  principalement  limit^e  aux 
•  districts  de  Tuxpam  et  de  Tampico  sur  le  golfe  du 
PHALTBf^'^^^  Mexique.  Le  produit  de  Tuxpam  est  trfts  recherchfi 
sur  les  marches  du  monde  entier.  Actuellement  les 
demandes  d^passent  les  quantit^s  disponibles.  On  exp6die  de  loin  en 
loin  des  chargements  en  Europe  et  principalement  k  destination  de 
TAUemagne.  Le  prix  nioyen  est  de  $55  par  tonne  en  monnaie  mexi- 
caine.  II  y  a  des  centaines  de  milliers  de  tonnes  d'asphalte  dans  les 
districts  de  Tampico  et  de  Tuxpam,  mais  Texploitation  ne  fait  que 
commencer. 

L'^chevement  du  canal  de  Tuxpam  facilitera  le  transport  de  ce 
produit  au  port  de  Tampico. 

Les  recettes  douaniferes  de  la  K6publique  du  Mexique  pour  les  sept 

BECETTEs  Dou-   prd^i^Fs  mois  de  Tann^e  fiscale  1907-8  accusent  un 

AMicBES.  SEPT   total  dc  34,695,358.60  piastres,  contre  30,442,429.57 

MOIS  DE  1907.         piastres    en     1906-7,     soit    une     augmentation     de 

4,252,929.03  piastres  en  faveur  de  Tannic  1907-8. 


PANAMA. 


D^apres  le  rapport  du  Trfeor,  le  total  du  commerce 
t^bieub!"'^  ^^  ext^rieur  de  la  R^publique  de  Panama  pendant  Tan- 
nic 1907  s'est  61ev6  k  $19,165,648.69.  Les  fitats- 
Unis  figurent  pour  $5,196,964.38  dans  les  importations  sur  un  total 
de  $17,204,983.17,  sans  compter  $7,640,533.86,  valeur  des  produits 
import^s  en  franchise  de  New- York  dans  la  Zone  du  Canal.  Les 
statistiques  des  Etats-Unis  6valuent  k  $18,665,323  les  expeditions 
faites  pendant  Tannic  k  Panama.  Les  exportations  totales  se  sont 
61ev6es  k  $1,960,664.92,  soit  une  augmentation  de  $842,643.92.  Les 
fitats-Unis  sont  pour  ainsi  dire  le  seul  pays  importateur  de  produits 
de  Panama. 


736     BUREAU  INTERNATIONAL  DES  R^PUBLIQUES  AMERICAINES. 

PfiROU. 

D'apr^  le  rapport  du  Consul  g^n^ral  k  New- York, 

NEW™  bk!*  ^^^^  '®  commerce  entre  ce  port  et  la  R^publique  du  P6rou 

pendant  les  neuf  premiers  mois  de  Fannie  1907  s'est 

61ev6  k  $4,308,683  pour  les  importations  et  k  $4,794,093  pour  les 

exportations,  soit  une  balance  de  $514,590  en  faveur  du  P6rou. 


URUGUAY. 

A  la  fin  de  Tannic  fiscale  finissant  le  30  juin  1907 
NANCifeBBV^^"'  ^  y  ^^^i^  d^^  1®  Tr6sor  un  surplus  de  $2,149,984, 

contre  $453,110  pour  Tann^e  pr6c6dente,  d^passant 
ainsi  toute  autre  ann6e  au  point  de  vue  de  la  prosp6rit6  du  pays. 
Sur  cet  exc6dent  on  a  consacr6  $1,000,000  k  Taugmenta^ion  du  capi- 
tal de  la  Banque  de  la  R6publique,  sp6cialement  pour  liu  permettre 
d'augmenter  remission  de  ses  billets;  la  plus  grande^partie  des 
sommes  restantes  a  6t6  consacr^e  aux  diff6rents  travaux  publics  et 
services  sous  la  rubrique  de  *'d6penses  extraordinaires." 

Les  recettes  douanieres  de  la  R6publique  de  TUru- 
aniIbe^*^^^^^^'  S^^y  Vonr  Tannic  1907,  se  sont  61ev6es  It  $13,195,210, 

contre  $12,863,597  dans  Tannic  pr6c6dente,  soit  une 
augmentation  nette  de  $331,612.  Dans  ces  recettes  on  ne  com- 
prend  pas  les  surtaxes  destinies  au  fonds  des  travaux  de  port  et  qui 
s'61fevent  probablement  k  $1,200,000. 

La  premiere  reunion  du  Coner^s  international  des 

C0N6BES INTEB-     ys,      ,.  ^    •       •  i-  i       ^^    •  •         ^  ^^r>    s 

NATIONAL  D'^TU-  Ji^tuQiants  amcricams  a  eu  lieu  le  26  Janvier  1908  a 
CAiNS^      ^^^'^^    Mont^vid^o,  R6publique  de  TUruguay.     II  y  avait 

plus  de  1,000  d^l^gu6s,  rerpr^sentant  huit  pays  de 
TAm^rique  Latine.  On  a  ^lu  M.  le  Docteur  Miranda,  de  TUruguay, 
president  du  Congr^s,  et  le  President  de  la  Republique,  ainsi  que  les 
Ministres  des  Affaires  etrangeres  et  de  Tlnstruction  publique  ont 
6t6  61us  presidents  honoraires. 

Le  Gouvernenient  uruguayen  vient  de  noramer  une 
coBE  MiNiEB.  ^^   commissiou  charg^e  dc  la  revision  du  code  minier. 

L^industrie  miniere  du  pays,  bien  que  susceptible 
d'un  grand  d6veloppement,  n'a  jamais  et6  exploit^e  sur  une  grande 
6chelle,  et  on  esp^re  qu^avec  r^tablissement  d'un  code  16gal  satis- 
faisant  on  arrivera  a  faire  disparaitre  la  plus  grande  partie  des  ob- 
stacles qui  emp6chent  son  d6veloppement. 

Les  recettes  de  la  Banque  de  Montevideo  en  1907 
B^rnvr^^vv^^^  ^^  ^^^^  eievees  k  $728,242,  contre  $448,672  en  1906. 
avAY,  Conime  le  Gouvernement  est  le  seul  actionnaire,  il 

revolt  80  powi  ceivVWes^Vj^w^^o:^^, -aoit  $592,594. 


LATIN- AMEBIC  AN   RKPRRSKN  TATIV  BS.  XI 


LATIN-AMEBICAN  REPRESENTATIVES   IN  THE   UNITED 

STATES. 


AMBASSADORS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Brazil Mr.  Joaquim  Nabuco, 

()tt\ce  of  KmbasMy.  1710  H  street.  Washington.  D.  C. 

Mexico Seilor  Don  Exriqi'e  C.  Creel, 

AbHent. 

ENVOYS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTERS  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Arj?entine  Republic Seflor  Don  Kpikanio  Portela, 

Office  of  Lcsratfon.  2108  Sixteenth  street,  WashinKton,  I).  C. 

Bolivia SefVor  Don  Ioxacio  Calder6x, 

Office  of  Legation,  1633  Hixteenth  street.  Washington,  I>.  C. 

Chile Seflor  Don  Anibal  Cruz, 

Office  of  Legation,  15*29  New  Hamptihire  avenue,  Washington,  D.  ('. 

Colombia SefVor  Don  Knrkji'k  Cortes, 

office  of  lA»guti<)n,  172s  N  street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Coii*ta  Kica Seilor  Don  Joaqi'in  Bernardo  Calvo, 

office  of  Legation.  1329  Eighteenth  street.  Washington,  D.  C. 

Cuba Sefior  Don  (ioNZALo  de  Quesada, 

Office  of  Legatitm.  "The  Wyoming."  Washington,  D.  C. 

Ecuador Sefior  Don  Liis  Felipe  Carbo, 

Office  of  Legation.  1302  Connecticut  avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Guatemala Sefior  Dr.  Don  Liis  Toledo  Herrarte, 

Aljwnt. 

Haiti Mr.  J.  X.  LE(iER, 

Office  of  Legation.  1429  Rhode  Island  avenue.  Washington.  D.  ('. 

Hondurajs Dr.  An<;el  Ugartk, 

Office  of  Legation.  "St<»ncleigh  Omrt,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

NicarafHia -  -  -  -Sefior  Don  Lris  F.  Cokea, 

office  of  Legation,  2003  O  street.  Washington.  I).  C. 

rananm Sefior  Don  J.  Domin<;o  de  Obaldia, 

Absent. 

Sefior  Don  Jose  Aijuotin  ARAN<io, 
Office  of  Legation,  "The  Highlands,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Peru Sefior  Don  Felipe  Pardo, 

offl<*e  of  Ix?gation.  1601  Tweiity-stM-ond  ^t^eet.  Washington.  D.  C. 

Salvador Sefior  Don  Federko  Mejia, 

.VbM'Mt. 

Uruguay Sefior  Dr.  Don  Liis  Melian  Lafimr, 

offirtMif  Lt'gati<ni.  IVjy  KIkkIc  Island  avenue.  Washington.  I).  C. 
MINISTER  RESIDENT. 

Dominican  Republic Sefior  Don  KmilioC.  Joibert, 

Offi<'«' oi  L«'cati«»n.  -TIn' Sliorclunn."  Wa.xhington.  D.  C. 
CHARGES  D'AFFAIRES. 

<  luatt'inala Sefior  Dr.  Don  Ramon  Bengoechea, 

office  <»f  Legation,  4  Stone  street.  N»-\v  York  City. 

Mexico St'fior  Don  Jose  F.  Godov. 

Office  of  Knibassy,  14K>  I  street.  Washington.  I).  C. 
Salvador Sefior  Dr.  Don  J.  Gustavo  Gierrero, 

office  of  Lej?«tion,  "Stoneleigh  Court."  Washington,  D.  C. 
Venezuela Sefior  Don  Nicola.s  VELOz-Goixve<^K^ 

office  of  Legation.  Irj23  M  stret»t,  Washu\^\ow,\>.^  . 


i  I 
11 
M 


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